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Tari AR, Norevik CS, Scrimgeour NR, Kobro-Flatmoen A, Storm-Mathisen J, Bergersen LH, Wrann CD, Selbæk G, Kivipelto M, Moreira JBN, Wisløff U. Are the neuroprotective effects of exercise training systemically mediated? Prog Cardiovasc Dis 2019; 62:94-101. [PMID: 30802460 DOI: 10.1016/j.pcad.2019.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
To date there is no cure available for dementia, and the field calls for novel therapeutic targets. A rapidly growing body of literature suggests that regular endurance training and high cardiorespiratory fitness attenuate cognitive impairment and reduce dementia risk. Such benefits have recently been linked to systemic neurotrophic factors induced by exercise. These circulating biomolecules may cross the blood-brain barrier and potentially protect against neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease. Identifying exercise-induced systemic neurotrophic factors with beneficial effects on the brain may lead to novel molecular targets for maintaining cognitive function and preventing neurodegeneration. Here we review the recent literature on potential systemic mediators of neuroprotection induced by exercise. We focus on the body of translational research in the field, integrating knowledge from the molecular level, animal models, clinical and epidemiological studies. Taken together, the current literature provides initial evidence that exercise-induced, blood-borne biomolecules, such as BDNF and FNDC5/irisin, may be powerful agents mediating the benefits of exercise on cognitive function and may form the basis for new therapeutic strategies to better prevent and treat dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atefe R Tari
- The Cardiac Exercise Research Group at Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, The Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Norway; Department of Neurology, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Cecilie S Norevik
- The Cardiac Exercise Research Group at Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, The Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Norway; Department of Neurology, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Nathan R Scrimgeour
- The Cardiac Exercise Research Group at Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, The Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Norway
| | - Asgeir Kobro-Flatmoen
- Kavli Institute for Systems Neuroscience, Centre for Neural Computation, Egil and Pauline Braathen and Fred Kavli Centre for Cortical Microcircuits, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Norway
| | | | | | - Christiane D Wrann
- Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Henry and Allison McCance Center for Brain Health, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Geir Selbæk
- Norwegian National Advisory Unit on Ageing and Health, Vestfold Hospital Trust, Tønsberg, Norway; Institute of Health and Society, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Research Centre for Age-related Functional Decline and Disease, Innlandet Hospital Trust, Ottestad, Norway
| | - Miia Kivipelto
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Neurology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; Age and Epidemiology Research Unit, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, UK
| | - José Bianco N Moreira
- The Cardiac Exercise Research Group at Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, The Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Norway
| | - Ulrik Wisløff
- The Cardiac Exercise Research Group at Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, The Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Norway
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52
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Andrew RJ, De Rossi P, Nguyen P, Kowalski HR, Recupero AJ, Guerbette T, Krause SV, Rice RC, Laury-Kleintop L, Wagner SL, Thinakaran G. Reduction of the expression of the late-onset Alzheimer's disease (AD) risk-factor BIN1 does not affect amyloid pathology in an AD mouse model. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:4477-4487. [PMID: 30692199 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.006379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Revised: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is pathologically characterized by the deposition of the β-amyloid (Aβ) peptide in senile plaques in the brain, leading to neuronal dysfunction and eventual decline in cognitive function. Genome-wide association studies have identified the bridging integrator 1 (BIN1) gene within the second most significant susceptibility locus for late-onset AD. BIN1 is a member of the amphiphysin family of proteins and has reported roles in the generation of membrane curvature and endocytosis. Endocytic dysfunction is a pathological feature of AD, and endocytosis of the amyloid precursor protein is an important step in its subsequent cleavage by β-secretase (BACE1). In vitro evidence implicates BIN1 in endosomal sorting of BACE1 and Aβ generation in neurons, but a role for BIN1 in this process in vivo is yet to be described. Here, using biochemical and immunohistochemistry analyses we report that a 50% global reduction of BIN1 protein levels resulting from a single Bin1 allele deletion in mice does not change BACE1 levels or localization in vivo, nor does this reduction alter the production of endogenous murine Aβ in nontransgenic mice. Furthermore, we found that reduction of BIN1 levels in the 5XFAD mouse model of amyloidosis does not alter Aβ deposition nor behavioral deficits associated with cerebral amyloid burden. Finally, a conditional BIN1 knockout in excitatory neurons did not alter BACE1, APP, C-terminal fragments derived from BACE1 cleavage of APP, or endogenous Aβ levels. These results indicate that BIN1 function does not regulate Aβ generation in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J Andrew
- From the Department of Neurobiology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, 60637
| | - Pierre De Rossi
- From the Department of Neurobiology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, 60637
| | - Phuong Nguyen
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, 92093
| | - Haley R Kowalski
- From the Department of Neurobiology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, 60637
| | - Aleksandra J Recupero
- From the Department of Neurobiology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, 60637
| | - Thomas Guerbette
- From the Department of Neurobiology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, 60637
| | - Sofia V Krause
- From the Department of Neurobiology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, 60637
| | - Richard C Rice
- From the Department of Neurobiology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, 60637
| | | | - Steven L Wagner
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, 92093.,Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, La Jolla, California, 92161
| | - Gopal Thinakaran
- From the Department of Neurobiology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, 60637, .,Department of Neurology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, 60637, and.,Department of Pathology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, 60637
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53
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Bettio L, Thacker JS, Hutton C, Christie BR. Modulation of synaptic plasticity by exercise. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2019; 147:295-322. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2019.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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54
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Blood-brain barrier regulation in psychiatric disorders. Neurosci Lett 2018; 726:133664. [PMID: 29966749 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2018.06.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a dynamic interface between the peripheral blood supply and the cerebral parenchyma, controlling the transport of material to and from the brain. Tight junctions between the endothelial cells of the cerebral microvasculature limit the passage of large, negatively charged molecules via paracellular diffusion whereas transcellular transportation across the endothelial cell is controlled by a number of mechanisms including transporter proteins, endocytosis, and diffusion. Here, we review the evidence that perturbation of these processes may underlie the development of psychiatric disorders including schizophrenia, autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and affective disorders. Increased permeability of the BBB appears to be a common factor in these disorders, leading to increased infiltration of peripheral material into the brain culminating in neuroinflammation and oxidative stress. However, although there is no common mechanism underpinning BBB dysfunction even within each particular disorder, the tight junction protein claudin-5 may be a clinically relevant target given that both clinical and pre-clinical research has linked it to schizophrenia, ASD, and depression. Additionally, we discuss the clinical significance of the BBB in diagnosis (genetic markers, dynamic contrast-enhanced-magnetic resonance imaging, and blood biomarkers) and in treatment (drug delivery).
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55
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Bates DO, Beazley-Long N, Benest AV, Ye X, Ved N, Hulse RP, Barratt S, Machado MJ, Donaldson LF, Harper SJ, Peiris-Pages M, Tortonese DJ, Oltean S, Foster RR. Physiological Role of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors as Homeostatic Regulators. Compr Physiol 2018; 8:955-979. [PMID: 29978898 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c170015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) family of proteins are key regulators of physiological systems. Originally linked with endothelial function, they have since become understood to be principal regulators of multiple tissues, both through their actions on vascular cells, but also through direct actions on other tissue types, including epithelial cells, neurons, and the immune system. The complexity of the five members of the gene family in terms of their different splice isoforms, differential translation, and specific localizations have enabled tissues to use these potent signaling molecules to control how they function to maintain their environment. This homeostatic function of VEGFs has been less intensely studied than their involvement in disease processes, development, and reproduction, but they still play a substantial and significant role in healthy control of blood volume and pressure, interstitial volume and drainage, renal and lung function, immunity, and signal processing in the peripheral and central nervous system. The widespread expression of VEGFs in healthy adult tissues, and the disturbances seen when VEGF signaling is inhibited support this view of the proteins as endogenous regulators of normal physiological function. This review summarizes the evidence and recent breakthroughs in understanding of the physiology that is regulated by VEGF, with emphasis on the role they play in maintaining homeostasis. © 2017 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 8:955-979, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- David O Bates
- Cancer Biology, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | | | - Andrew V Benest
- Cancer Biology, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Xi Ye
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Nikita Ved
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Richard P Hulse
- Cancer Biology, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Shaney Barratt
- Academic Respiratory Unit, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Maria J Machado
- Cancer Biology, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Lucy F Donaldson
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Steven J Harper
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology & Neuroscience, Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Maria Peiris-Pages
- Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Domingo J Tortonese
- Centre for Comparative and Clinical Anatomy, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Sebastian Oltean
- Institute of Biomedical & Clinical Sciences, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Rebecca R Foster
- Bristol Renal, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
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56
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Palmitoylation as a Functional Regulator of Neurotransmitter Receptors. Neural Plast 2018; 2018:5701348. [PMID: 29849559 PMCID: PMC5903346 DOI: 10.1155/2018/5701348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The majority of neuronal proteins involved in cellular signaling undergo different posttranslational modifications significantly affecting their functions. One of these modifications is a covalent attachment of a 16-C palmitic acid to one or more cysteine residues (S-palmitoylation) within the target protein. Palmitoylation is a reversible modification, and repeated cycles of palmitoylation/depalmitoylation might be critically involved in the regulation of multiple signaling processes. Palmitoylation also represents a common posttranslational modification of the neurotransmitter receptors, including G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) and ligand-gated ion channels (LICs). From the functional point of view, palmitoylation affects a wide span of neurotransmitter receptors activities including their trafficking, sorting, stability, residence lifetime at the cell surface, endocytosis, recycling, and synaptic clustering. This review summarizes the current knowledge on the palmitoylation of neurotransmitter receptors and its role in the regulation of receptors functions as well as in the control of different kinds of physiological and pathological behavior.
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57
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Vorkapic-Ferreira C, Góis RS, Gomes LP, Britto A, Afrânio B, Dantas EHM. NASCIDOS PARA CORRER: A IMPORTÂNCIA DO EXERCÍCIO PARA A SAÚDE DO CÉREBRO. REV BRAS MED ESPORTE 2017. [DOI: 10.1590/1517-869220172306175209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
RESUMO A hipótese evolutiva da corrida de resistência afirma que o movimento teve um papel crucial no aparecimento de características anatômicas tipicamente humanas, assim como na modelação da estrutura e forma do cérebro humano. A íntima ligação entre exercício e evolução humana é evidenciada pelo fato de a inatividade nos tornar doentes. Efetivamente, o corpo humano, incluindo o cérebro, evoluiu para suportar períodos prolongados de estresse cardiovascular. O movimento é de tal modo essencial para o cérebro, que a atividade física regular é imprescindível para que funcione de modo adequado. Estudos vêm demonstrando que o exercício aeróbico aumenta a proliferação de neurônios, a síntese de fatores neurotróficos, gliogênese, sinaptogênese, regula sistemas de neurotransmissão e neuromodulação, além de reduzir a inflamação sistêmica. Todos esses efeitos têm impacto significativo no sentido de melhorar a saúde mental, reduzir o declínio de massa cinzenta associado à idade e melhorar as funções cognitivas. Deste modo, o objetivo deste artigo é apresentar uma atualização sobre a temática de exercício físico e saúde mental. Dados os recentes avanços apresentados neste original, sobre a neurobiologia do exercício e seu potencial terapêutico e econômico para a população em geral, espera-se que pesquisas futuras que correlacionem estudos básicos a variáveis psicológicas e estudos de imagem possam elucidar os mecanismos pelos quais o exercício melhora a saúde cerebral.
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58
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Castañeda-Cabral JL, Beas-Zarate C, Gudiño-Cabrera G, Ureña-Guerrero ME. Glutamate Neonatal Excitotoxicity Modifies VEGF-A, VEGF-B, VEGFR-1 and VEGFR-2 Protein Expression Profiles During Postnatal Development of the Cerebral Cortex and Hippocampus of Male Rats. J Mol Neurosci 2017; 63:17-27. [PMID: 28755050 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-017-0952-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) exerts both neuroprotective and proinflammatory effects in the brain, depending on the VEGF (A-E) and VEGF receptor (VEGFR1-3) types involved. Neonatal monosodium glutamate (MSG) treatment triggers an excitotoxic degenerative process associated with several neuropathological conditions, and VEGF messenger RNA (mRNA) expression is increased at postnatal day (PD) 14 in rat hippocampus (Hp) following the treatment. The aim of this work was to establish the changes in immunoreactivity to VEGF-A, VEGF-B, VEGFR-1 and VEGFR-2 proteins induced by neonatal MSG treatment (4 g/kg, subcutaneous, at PD1, 3, 5 and 7) in the cerebral motor cortex (CMC) and Hp. Samples collected from PD2 to PD60 from control and MSG-treated male Wistar rats were assessed by western blotting for each protein. Considering that immunoreactivity measured by western blotting is related to the protein expression level, we found that each protein in each cerebral region has a specific expression profile throughout the studied ages, and all profiles were differentially modified by MSG. Specifically, neonatal MSG treatment significantly increased the immunoreactivity to the following: (1) VEGF-A at PD8-PD10 in the CMC and at PD6-PD8 in the Hp; (2) VEGF-B at PD2, PD6 and PD10 in the CMC and at PD8-PD9 in the Hp; and (3) VEGFR-2 at PD6-PD8 in the CMC and at PD21-PD60 in the Hp. Also, MSG significantly reduced the immunoreactivity to the following: (1) VEGF-B at PD8-PD9 and PD45-PD60 in the CMC; and (2) VEGFR-1 at PD4-PD6 and PD14-PD21 in the CMC and at PD4, PD9-PD10 and PD60 in the Hp. Our results indicate that VEGF-mediated signalling is involved in the excitotoxic process triggered by neonatal MSG treatment and should be further characterized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Luis Castañeda-Cabral
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias (CUCBA), Universidad de Guadalajara, Zapopan, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Carlos Beas-Zarate
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias (CUCBA), Universidad de Guadalajara, Zapopan, Jalisco, Mexico. .,Laboratorio de Regeneración y Desarrollo Neural, Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, CUCBA, Universidad de Guadalajara, Km 15.5 Carretera a Nogales, Camino Ing. Ramón Padilla Sánchez Km 2, 45221, Zapopan, Jalisco, Mexico.
| | - Graciela Gudiño-Cabrera
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias (CUCBA), Universidad de Guadalajara, Zapopan, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Monica E Ureña-Guerrero
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias (CUCBA), Universidad de Guadalajara, Zapopan, Jalisco, Mexico. .,Laboratorio de Biología de la Neurotransmisión, Edificio de Posgrado, Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, CUCBA, Universidad de Guadalajara, Km 15.5 Carretera a Nogales, Camino Ing. Ramón Padilla Sánchez Km 2, 45221, Zapopan, Jalisco, Mexico.
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59
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Belagodu AP, Fleming S, Galvez R. Neocortical developmental analysis of vasculature and their growth factors offer new insight into fragile X syndrome abnormalities. Dev Neurobiol 2017; 77:1321-1333. [DOI: 10.1002/dneu.22514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2017] [Revised: 05/22/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Amogh P. Belagodu
- Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois at Urbana‐ChampaignUrbana IL61801
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana‐ChampaignUrbana IL61801
| | - Stephen Fleming
- Psychology DepartmentUniversity of Illinois at Urbana‐ChampaignUrbana IL61801
| | - Roberto Galvez
- Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois at Urbana‐ChampaignUrbana IL61801
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana‐ChampaignUrbana IL61801
- Psychology DepartmentUniversity of Illinois at Urbana‐ChampaignUrbana IL61801
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60
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Morland C, Andersson KA, Haugen ØP, Hadzic A, Kleppa L, Gille A, Rinholm JE, Palibrk V, Diget EH, Kennedy LH, Stølen T, Hennestad E, Moldestad O, Cai Y, Puchades M, Offermanns S, Vervaeke K, Bjørås M, Wisløff U, Storm-Mathisen J, Bergersen LH. Exercise induces cerebral VEGF and angiogenesis via the lactate receptor HCAR1. Nat Commun 2017; 8:15557. [PMID: 28534495 PMCID: PMC5457513 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms15557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 271] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2016] [Accepted: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Physical exercise can improve brain function and delay neurodegeneration; however, the initial signal from muscle to brain is unknown. Here we show that the lactate receptor (HCAR1) is highly enriched in pial fibroblast-like cells that line the vessels supplying blood to the brain, and in pericyte-like cells along intracerebral microvessels. Activation of HCAR1 enhances cerebral vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) and cerebral angiogenesis. High-intensity interval exercise (5 days weekly for 7 weeks), as well as L-lactate subcutaneous injection that leads to an increase in blood lactate levels similar to exercise, increases brain VEGFA protein and capillary density in wild-type mice, but not in knockout mice lacking HCAR1. In contrast, skeletal muscle shows no vascular HCAR1 expression and no HCAR1-dependent change in vascularization induced by exercise or lactate. Thus, we demonstrate that a substance released by exercising skeletal muscle induces supportive effects in brain through an identified receptor.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Brain/blood supply
- Capillaries/cytology
- Capillaries/drug effects
- Capillaries/metabolism
- Injections, Subcutaneous
- Lactic Acid/administration & dosage
- Lactic Acid/blood
- Lactic Acid/metabolism
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Knockout
- Models, Animal
- Muscle, Skeletal/blood supply
- Muscle, Skeletal/drug effects
- Muscle, Skeletal/metabolism
- Neovascularization, Physiologic/physiology
- Pericytes/metabolism
- Physical Conditioning, Animal/physiology
- Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/genetics
- Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/metabolism
- Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilie Morland
- The Brain and Muscle Energy Group, Electron Microscopy Laboratory, Department of Oral Biology, University of Oslo, NO-0316 Oslo, Norway
- Institute for Behavioral Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo and Akershus University College, NO-0167 Oslo, Norway
- The Synaptic Neurochemistry Lab, Division of Anatomy, Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Healthy Brain Ageing Centre, University of Oslo, NO-0317 Oslo, Norway
| | - Krister A. Andersson
- The Brain and Muscle Energy Group, Electron Microscopy Laboratory, Department of Oral Biology, University of Oslo, NO-0316 Oslo, Norway
- Institute for Behavioral Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo and Akershus University College, NO-0167 Oslo, Norway
- The Synaptic Neurochemistry Lab, Division of Anatomy, Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Healthy Brain Ageing Centre, University of Oslo, NO-0317 Oslo, Norway
| | - Øyvind P. Haugen
- The Brain and Muscle Energy Group, Electron Microscopy Laboratory, Department of Oral Biology, University of Oslo, NO-0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - Alena Hadzic
- The Brain and Muscle Energy Group, Electron Microscopy Laboratory, Department of Oral Biology, University of Oslo, NO-0316 Oslo, Norway
- Institute for Behavioral Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo and Akershus University College, NO-0167 Oslo, Norway
- The Synaptic Neurochemistry Lab, Division of Anatomy, Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Healthy Brain Ageing Centre, University of Oslo, NO-0317 Oslo, Norway
| | - Liv Kleppa
- The Brain and Muscle Energy Group, Electron Microscopy Laboratory, Department of Oral Biology, University of Oslo, NO-0316 Oslo, Norway
- The Synaptic Neurochemistry Lab, Division of Anatomy, Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Healthy Brain Ageing Centre, University of Oslo, NO-0317 Oslo, Norway
| | - Andreas Gille
- Institute for Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Mannheim Medical Faculty, Heidelberg University, D-68169 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Johanne E. Rinholm
- The Brain and Muscle Energy Group, Electron Microscopy Laboratory, Department of Oral Biology, University of Oslo, NO-0316 Oslo, Norway
- The Synaptic Neurochemistry Lab, Division of Anatomy, Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Healthy Brain Ageing Centre, University of Oslo, NO-0317 Oslo, Norway
| | - Vuk Palibrk
- Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Elisabeth H. Diget
- The Brain and Muscle Energy Group, Electron Microscopy Laboratory, Department of Oral Biology, University of Oslo, NO-0316 Oslo, Norway
- Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Lauritz H. Kennedy
- The Brain and Muscle Energy Group, Electron Microscopy Laboratory, Department of Oral Biology, University of Oslo, NO-0316 Oslo, Norway
- The Synaptic Neurochemistry Lab, Division of Anatomy, Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Healthy Brain Ageing Centre, University of Oslo, NO-0317 Oslo, Norway
| | - Tomas Stølen
- K.G. Jebsen Center of Exercise in Medicine, Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Eivind Hennestad
- Laboratory of Neural Computation, Department of Physiology, University of Oslo, NO-0317 Oslo, Norway
| | - Olve Moldestad
- Centre for Rare Disorders, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, NO-0424 Oslo, Norway
| | - Yiqing Cai
- The Brain and Muscle Energy Group, Electron Microscopy Laboratory, Department of Oral Biology, University of Oslo, NO-0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - Maja Puchades
- The Synaptic Neurochemistry Lab, Division of Anatomy, Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Healthy Brain Ageing Centre, University of Oslo, NO-0317 Oslo, Norway
| | - Stefan Offermanns
- Max-Planck-Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Department of Pharmacology, D-61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Koen Vervaeke
- Laboratory of Neural Computation, Department of Physiology, University of Oslo, NO-0317 Oslo, Norway
| | - Magnar Bjørås
- Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Ulrik Wisløff
- K.G. Jebsen Center of Exercise in Medicine, Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Jon Storm-Mathisen
- The Synaptic Neurochemistry Lab, Division of Anatomy, Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Healthy Brain Ageing Centre, University of Oslo, NO-0317 Oslo, Norway
| | - Linda H. Bergersen
- The Brain and Muscle Energy Group, Electron Microscopy Laboratory, Department of Oral Biology, University of Oslo, NO-0316 Oslo, Norway
- The Synaptic Neurochemistry Lab, Division of Anatomy, Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Healthy Brain Ageing Centre, University of Oslo, NO-0317 Oslo, Norway
- Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
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61
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Yang EJ, Mahmood U, Kim H, Choi M, Choi Y, Lee JP, Chang MJ, Kim HS. Alterations in protein phosphorylation in the amygdala of the 5XFamilial Alzheimer's disease animal model. J Pharmacol Sci 2017; 133:261-267. [PMID: 28408165 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphs.2017.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2017] [Revised: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease is the most common disease underlying dementia in humans. Two major neuropathological hallmarks of AD are neuritic plaques primarily composed of amyloid beta peptide and neurofibrillary tangles primarily composed of hyperphosphorylated tau. In addition to impaired memory function, AD patients often display neuropsychiatric symptoms and abnormal emotional states such as confusion, delusion, manic/depressive episodes and altered fear status. Brains from AD patients show atrophy of the amygdala which is involved in fear expression and emotional processing as well as hippocampal atrophy. However, which molecular changes are responsible for the altered emotional states observed in AD remains to be elucidated. Here, we observed that the fear response as assessed by evaluating fear memory via a cued fear conditioning test was impaired in 5XFamilial AD (5XFAD) mice, an animal model of AD. Compared to wild-type mice, 5XFAD mice showed changes in the phosphorylation of twelve proteins in the amygdala. Thus, our study provides twelve potential protein targets in the amygdala that may be responsible for the impairment in fear memory in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Jeong Yang
- Department of Pharmacology and Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, 103 Daehakro, Jongro-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Usman Mahmood
- Department of Pharmacology and Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, 103 Daehakro, Jongro-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyunju Kim
- Department of Pharmacology and Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, 103 Daehakro, Jongro-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Moonseok Choi
- Department of Pharmacology and Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, 103 Daehakro, Jongro-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yunjung Choi
- Department of Pharmacology and Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, 103 Daehakro, Jongro-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jean-Pyo Lee
- Center for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Ave, SL99, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA.
| | - Moon-Jeong Chang
- Department of Foods and Nutrition, College of Natural Science, Kookmin University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hye-Sun Kim
- Department of Pharmacology and Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, 103 Daehakro, Jongro-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Seoul National University College of Medicine, Bundang Hospital, Bundang-Gu, Sungnam, Republic of Korea; Neuroscience Research Institute, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, 103 Daehakro, Jongro-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Weaver ICG, Korgan AC, Lee K, Wheeler RV, Hundert AS, Goguen D. Stress and the Emerging Roles of Chromatin Remodeling in Signal Integration and Stable Transmission of Reversible Phenotypes. Front Behav Neurosci 2017; 11:41. [PMID: 28360846 PMCID: PMC5350110 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2017.00041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2016] [Accepted: 02/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The influence of early life experience and degree of parental-infant attachment on emotional development in children and adolescents has been comprehensively studied. Structural and mechanistic insight into the biological foundation and maintenance of mammalian defensive systems (metabolic, immune, nervous and behavioral) is slowly advancing through the emerging field of developmental molecular (epi)genetics. Initial evidence revealed that differential nurture early in life generates stable differences in offspring hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) regulation, in part, through chromatin remodeling and changes in DNA methylation of specific genes expressed in the brain, revealing physical, biochemical and molecular paths for the epidemiological concept of gene-environment interactions. Herein, a primary molecular mechanism underpinning the early developmental programming and lifelong maintenance of defensive (emotional) responses in the offspring is the alteration of chromatin domains of specific genomic regions from a condensed state (heterochromatin) to a transcriptionally accessible state (euchromatin). Conversely, DNA methylation promotes the formation of heterochromatin, which is essential for gene silencing, genomic integrity and chromosome segregation. Therefore, inter-individual differences in chromatin modifications and DNA methylation marks hold great potential for assessing the impact of both early life experience and effectiveness of intervention programs—from guided psychosocial strategies focused on changing behavior to pharmacological treatments that target chromatin remodeling and DNA methylation enzymes to dietary approaches that alter cellular pools of metabolic intermediates and methyl donors to affect nutrient bioavailability and metabolism. In this review article, we discuss the potential molecular mechanism(s) of gene regulation associated with chromatin modeling and programming of endocrine (e.g., HPA and metabolic or cardiovascular) and behavioral (e.g., fearfulness, vigilance) responses to stress, including alterations in DNA methylation and the role of DNA repair machinery. From parental history (e.g., drugs, housing, illness, nutrition, socialization) to maternal-offspring exchanges of nutrition, microbiota, antibodies and stimulation, the nature of nurture provides not only mechanistic insight into how experiences propagate from external to internal variables, but also identifies a composite therapeutic target, chromatin modeling, for gestational/prenatal stress, adolescent anxiety/depression and adult-onset neuropsychiatric disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian C G Weaver
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, and Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Austin C Korgan
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, and Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Kristen Lee
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, and Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Ryan V Wheeler
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, and Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Amos S Hundert
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, and Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Donna Goguen
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, and Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University Halifax, NS, Canada
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