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Ratajczak MZ, Adamiak M, Plonka M, Abdel-Latif A, Ratajczak J. Mobilization of hematopoietic stem cells as a result of innate immunity-mediated sterile inflammation in the bone marrow microenvironment-the involvement of extracellular nucleotides and purinergic signaling. Leukemia 2018; 32:1116-1123. [PMID: 29556022 PMCID: PMC5940655 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-018-0087-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Revised: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs) circulate in peripheral blood (PB) under normal conditions and their number increases in response to stress, inflammation, tissue/organ injury, and may increase up to 100-fold after administration of mobilization-inducing drugs. Mounting evidence suggests that mobilizing agent-induced mobilization of HSPCs from bone marrow into PB is a result of innate immunity-mediated sterile inflammation in the bone marrow (BM) microenvironment. A critical initiating role in this process is played by tissue/organ injury-mediated or pharmacologically induced release from bone marrow-residing granulocytes and monocytes of (i) danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), (ii) reactive oxygen species (ROS), and (iii) proteolytic and lipolytic enzymes. All these factors together trigger activation of the complement and coagulation cascades, both of which orchestrate egress of HSPCs into BM sinusoids and lymphatics. Recent evidence also indicates that, in addition to attenuation of the SDF-1–CXCR4 and VLA-4–VCAM-1 retention axes in the BM microenvironment and the presence of a mobilization-directing phosphosphingolipid gradient in PB, an important role in the mobilization process is played by extracellular nucleotides and purinergic signaling. In particular, a new finding by our laboratory is that, while extracellular ATP promotes mobilization of HSPCs, its derivative, adenosine, has the opposite (inhibitory) effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariusz Z Ratajczak
- Stem Cell Institute at James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA. .,Department of Regenerative Medicine, Center for Preclinical Research and Technology, Warsaw Medical University, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Mateusz Adamiak
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Center for Preclinical Research and Technology, Warsaw Medical University, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Monika Plonka
- Stem Cell Institute at James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Ahmed Abdel-Latif
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Gill Heart Institute, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Janina Ratajczak
- Stem Cell Institute at James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
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53
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Hoggatt J, Singh P, Tate TA, Chou BK, Datari SR, Fukuda S, Liu L, Kharchenko PV, Schajnovitz A, Baryawno N, Mercier FE, Boyer J, Gardner J, Morrow DM, Scadden DT, Pelus LM. Rapid Mobilization Reveals a Highly Engraftable Hematopoietic Stem Cell. Cell 2018; 172:191-204.e10. [PMID: 29224778 PMCID: PMC5812290 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2017.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Revised: 10/02/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is a potential curative therapy for malignant and nonmalignant diseases. Improving the efficiency of stem cell collection and the quality of the cells acquired can broaden the donor pool and improve patient outcomes. We developed a rapid stem cell mobilization regimen utilizing a unique CXCR2 agonist, GROβ, and the CXCR4 antagonist AMD3100. A single injection of both agents resulted in stem cell mobilization peaking within 15 min that was equivalent in magnitude to a standard multi-day regimen of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF). Mechanistic studies determined that rapid mobilization results from synergistic signaling on neutrophils, resulting in enhanced MMP-9 release, and unexpectedly revealed genetic polymorphisms in MMP-9 that alter activity. This mobilization regimen results in preferential trafficking of stem cells that demonstrate a higher engraftment efficiency than those mobilized by G-CSF. Our studies suggest a potential new strategy for the rapid collection of an improved hematopoietic graft.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Hoggatt
- Harvard Medical School, Cancer Center and Center for Transplantation Sciences, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02129, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
| | - Pratibha Singh
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Tiffany A Tate
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Bin-Kuan Chou
- Harvard Medical School, Cancer Center and Center for Transplantation Sciences, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02129, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Shruti R Datari
- Harvard Medical School, Cancer Center and Center for Transplantation Sciences, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02129, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Seiji Fukuda
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Liqiong Liu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Peter V Kharchenko
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Amir Schajnovitz
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Ninib Baryawno
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Francois E Mercier
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Joseph Boyer
- Department of Statistical Sciences, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA 19426, USA; GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA 19426, USA
| | | | | | - David T Scadden
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
| | - Louis M Pelus
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
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Identification of a murine CD45 -F4/80 lo HSC-derived marrow endosteal cell associated with donor stem cell engraftment. Blood Adv 2017; 1:2667-2678. [PMID: 29296920 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2017008730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2017] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) reside in specialized microenvironments within the marrow designated as stem cell niches, which function to support HSCs at homeostasis and promote HSC engraftment after radioablation. We previously identified marrow space remodeling after hematopoietic ablation, including osteoblast thickening, osteoblast proliferation, and megakaryocyte migration to the endosteum, which is critical for effective engraftment of donor HSCs. To further evaluate the impact of hematopoietic cells on marrow remodeling, we used a transgenic mouse model (CD45Cre/iDTR) to selectively deplete hematopoietic cells in situ. Depletion of hematopoietic cells immediately before radioablation and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation abrogated donor HSC engraftment and was associated with strikingly flattened endosteal osteoblasts with preserved osteoblast proliferation and megakaryocyte migration. Depletion of monocytes, macrophages, or megakaryocytes (the predominant hematopoietic cell populations that survive short-term after irradiation) did not lead to an alteration of osteoblast morphology, suggesting that a hematopoietic-derived cell outside these lineages regulates osteoblast morphologic adaptation after irradiation. Using 2 lineage-tracing strategies, we identified a novel CD45-F4/80lo HSC-derived cell that resides among osteoblasts along the endosteal marrow surface and, at least transiently, survives radioablation. This newly identified marrow cell may be an important regulator of HSC engraftment, possibly by influencing the shape and function of endosteal osteoblasts.
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Fadini GP, DiPersio JF. Diabetes mellitus as a poor mobilizer condition. Blood Rev 2017; 32:184-191. [PMID: 29132746 DOI: 10.1016/j.blre.2017.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Revised: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) transplantation in an effective and curative therapy for numerous hematological malignancies. Mobilization of HSCs from bone marrow (BM) to peripheral blood (PB) followed by apheresis is the gold standard for obtaining HSCs for both autologous and allogeneic stem cell transplantation. After administration of granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF), up to 30% of patients fail to mobilize "optimal" numbers of HSCs required for engraftment. This review summarizes the current experimental and clinical evidence that diabetes mellitus is a risk factor for poor mobilization. Diabetes causes a profound remodeling of the HSC niche, resulting in impaired release of HSCs. Experimental studies indicate that hyperglycemia hampers regulation of CXCL12 and clinical studies suggest that diabetes impairs HSC mobilization especially in response to G-CSF, but less to plerixafor. Understanding further the biochemical alterations in the diabetic BM will provide insights into future therapeutic strategies to reverse the so-called "diabetic stem cell mobilopathy".
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Affiliation(s)
- Gian Paolo Fadini
- Department of Medicine, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy; Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, 35128 Padova, Italy.
| | - John F DiPersio
- Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, United States.
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56
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NSAID treatment with meloxicam enhances peripheral stem cell mobilization in myeloma. Bone Marrow Transplant 2017; 53:175-179. [DOI: 10.1038/bmt.2017.234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2017] [Revised: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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57
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Hoggatt J, Kfoury Y, Scadden DT. Hematopoietic Stem Cell Niche in Health and Disease. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PATHOLOGY-MECHANISMS OF DISEASE 2017; 11:555-81. [PMID: 27193455 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-pathol-012615-044414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Regulation of stem cells in adult tissues is a key determinant of how well an organism can respond to the stresses of physiological challenge and disease. This is particularly true of the hematopoietic system, where demands on host defenses can call for an acute increase in cell production. Hematopoietic stem cells receive the regulatory signals for cell production in adult mammals in the bone marrow, a tissue with higher-order architectural and functional organization than previously appreciated. Here, we review the data defining particular structural components and heterologous cells in the bone marrow that participate in hematopoietic stem cell function. Further, we explore the case for stromal-hematopoietic cell interactions contributing to neoplastic myeloid disease. As the hematopoietic regulatory networks in the bone marrow are revealed, it is anticipated that strategies will emerge for how to enhance or inhibit production of specific blood cells. In that way, the control of hematopoiesis will enter the domain of therapies to modulate broad aspects of hematopoiesis, both normal and malignant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Hoggatt
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138.,Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138.,Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114;
| | - Youmna Kfoury
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138.,Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138.,Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114;
| | - David T Scadden
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138.,Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138.,Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114;
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58
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McGonigle TA, Keane KN, Ghaly S, Carter KW, Anderson D, Scott NM, Goodridge HS, Dwyer A, Greenland E, Pixley FJ, Newsholme P, Hart PH. UV Irradiation of Skin Enhances Glycolytic Flux and Reduces Migration Capabilities in Bone Marrow-Differentiated Dendritic Cells. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2017; 187:2046-2059. [PMID: 28708972 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2017.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Revised: 05/23/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
A systemic immunosuppression follows UV irradiation of the skin of humans and mice. In this study, dendritic cells (DCs) differentiating from the bone marrow (BM) of UV-irradiated mice had a reduced ability to migrate toward the chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 21. Fewer DCs also accumulated in the peritoneal cavity of UV-chimeric mice (ie, mice transplanted with BM from UV-irradiated mice) after injection of an inflammatory stimulus into that site. We hypothesized that different metabolic states underpin altered DC motility. Compared with DCs from the BM of nonirradiated mice, those from UV-irradiated mice produced more lactate, consumed more glucose, and had greater glycolytic flux in a bioenergetics stress test. Greater expression of 3-hydroxyanthranilate 3,4-dioxygenase was identified as a potential contributor to increased glycolysis. Inhibition of 3-hydroxyanthranilate 3,4-dioxygenase by 6-chloro-dl-tryptophan prevented both increased lactate production and reduced migration toward chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 21 by DCs differentiated from BM of UV-irradiated mice. UV-induced prostaglandin E2 has been implicated as an intermediary in the effects of UV radiation on BM cells. DCs differentiating from BM cells pulsed in vitro for 2 hours with dimethyl prostaglandin E2 were functionally similar to those from the BM of UV-irradiated mice. Reduced migration of DCs to lymph nodes associated with increased glycolytic flux may contribute to their reduced ability to initiate new immune responses in UV-irradiated mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terence A McGonigle
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, West Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Kevin N Keane
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute Biosciences, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Simon Ghaly
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, West Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Kim W Carter
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, West Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Denise Anderson
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, West Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Naomi M Scott
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, West Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Helen S Goodridge
- Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Amy Dwyer
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, West Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Eloise Greenland
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, West Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Fiona J Pixley
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, West Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Philip Newsholme
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute Biosciences, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Prue H Hart
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, West Perth, Western Australia, Australia.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Several mechanisms have been postulated to orchestrate mobilization of hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs), and still more work is needed to better understand this process and to gain better mechanistic insight. RECENT FINDINGS Evidence accumulated that mobilization of HSPCs is a part of innate immunity response to tissue organ injury, stress, and infection. This evolutionary ancient process is orchestrated by granulocytes and monocytes that trigger activation of complement cascade and the coagulation cascade. SUMMARY We will present data from our laboratory that initiation of complement cascade activation and subsequently activation of the coagulation cascade during mobilization process are dependent on mannan-binding lectin (MBL). The mannan-binding pathway activates MBL-associated serine proteases (MASP-1 and MASP-2) that cleave the third complement component C3 and prothrombin. Cleavage of C3 leads to formation of classical C5 convertase and cleavage of prothrombin generates thrombin, which has "C5-like convertase" activity. Finally, both C5 convertase and thrombin cleave the fifth complement component C5, and activate distal part of the complement cascade that is crucial for egress of HSCPs from bone marrow niches into peripheral blood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateusz Adamiak
- Stem Cell Institute at James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, 500 S. Floyd Street, Rm. 107, Louisville, KY 40202 USA
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Warsaw Medical University, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Mariusz Z. Ratajczak
- Stem Cell Institute at James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, 500 S. Floyd Street, Rm. 107, Louisville, KY 40202 USA
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Warsaw Medical University, Warsaw, Poland
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60
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Galán-Díez M, Kousteni S. The osteoblastic niche in hematopoiesis and hematological myeloid malignancies. CURRENT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY REPORTS 2017; 3:53-62. [PMID: 29098141 PMCID: PMC5662025 DOI: 10.1007/s40610-017-0055-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review focuses on evidence highlighting the bidirectional crosstalk between the hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) and their surrounding stromal cells, with a particular emphasis on cells of the osteoblast lineage. The role and molecular functions of osteoblasts in normal hematopoiesis and in myeloid hematological malignancies is discussed. RECENT FINDINGS Cells of the osteoblast lineage have emerged as potent regulators of HSC expansion that regulate their recruitment and, depending on their stage of differentiation, their activity, proliferation and differentiation along the lymphoid, myeloid and erythroid lineages. In addition, mutations in mature osteoblasts or their progenitors induce myeloid malignancies. Conversely, signals from myelodysplastic cells can remodel the osteoblastic niche to favor self-perpetuation. SUMMARY Understanding cellular crosstalk between osteoblastic cells and HSCs in the bone marrow microenvironment is of fundamental importance for developing therapies against benign and malignant hematological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Galán-Díez
- Department of Physiology & Cellular Biophysics, College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York 10032, USA
| | - Stavroula Kousteni
- Department of Physiology & Cellular Biophysics, College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York 10032, USA
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61
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Richter R, Forssmann W, Henschler R. Current Developments in Mobilization of Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cells and Their Interaction with Niches in Bone Marrow. Transfus Med Hemother 2017. [PMID: 28626366 DOI: 10.1159/000477262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The clinical application of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) has evolved from a highly experimental stage in the 1980s to a currently clinically established treatment for more than 20,000 patients annually who suffer from hematological malignancies and other severe diseases. Studies in numerous murine models have demonstrated that HSPCs reside in distinct niches within the bone marrow environment. Whereas transplanted HSPCs travel through the bloodstream and home to sites of hematopoiesis, HSPCs can be mobilized from these niches into the blood either physiologically or induced by pharmaceutical drugs. Firstly, this review aims to give a synopsis of milestones defining niches and mobilization pathways for HSPCs, including the identification of several cell types involved such as osteoblasts, adventitial reticular cells, endothelial cells, monocytic cells, and granulocytic cells. The main factors that anchor HSPCs in the niche, and/or induce their quiescence are vascular cell adhesion molecule(VCAM)-1, CD44, hematopoietic growth factors, e.g. stem cell factor (SCF) and FLT3 Ligand, chemokines including CXCL12, growth-regulated protein beta and IL-8, proteases, peptides, and other chemical transmitters such as nucleotides. In the second part of the review, we revise the current understanding of HSPC mobilization. Here, we discuss which mechanisms found to be active in HSPC mobilization correspond to the mechanisms relevant for HSPC interaction with niche cells, but also deal with other mediators and signals that target individual cell types and receptors to mobilize HSPCs. A multitude of questions remain to be addressed for a better understanding of HSPC biology and its implications for therapy, including more comprehensive concepts for regulatory circuits such as calcium homeostasis and parathormone, metabolic regulation such as by leptin, the significance of autonomic nervous system, the consequences of alteration of niches in aged patients, or the identification of more easily accessible markers to better predict the efficiency of HSPC mobilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rudolf Richter
- Department of Internal Medicine, Clinic of Immunology, Hanover Medical School, Hanover, Germany.,MVZ Labor PD Dr. Volkmann & Kollegen, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Forssmann
- Department of Internal Medicine, Clinic of Immunology, Hanover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
| | - Reinhard Henschler
- Swiss Red Cross Blood Transfusion Services Zurich and Chur, Zurich, Switzerland
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62
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Panch SR, Szymanski J, Savani BN, Stroncek DF. Sources of Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cells and Methods to Optimize Yields for Clinical Cell Therapy. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2017; 23:1241-1249. [PMID: 28495640 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2017.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Bone marrow (BM) aspirates, mobilized peripheral blood, and umbilical cord blood (UCB) have developed as graft sources for hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) for stem cell transplantation and other cellular therapeutics. Individualized techniques are necessary to enhance graft HSPC yields and cell quality from each graft source. BM aspirates yield adequate CD34+ cells but can result in relative delays in engraftment. Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF)-primed BM HSPCs may facilitate faster engraftment while minimizing graft-versus-host disease in certain patient subsets. The levels of circulating HSPCs are enhanced using mobilizing agents, such as G-CSF and/or plerixafor, which act via the stromal cell-derived factor 1/C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 axis. Alternate niche pathway mediators, including very late antigen-4/vascular cell adhesion molecule-1, heparan sulfate proteoglycans, parathyroid hormone, and coagulation cascade intermediates, may offer promising alternatives for graft enhancement. UCB grafts have been expanded ex vivo with cytokines, notch-ligand, or mesenchymal stromal cells, and most studies demonstrated greater quantities of CD34+ cells ex vivo and improved short-term engraftment. No significant changes were observed in long-term repopulating potential or in patient survival. Early phase clinical trials using nicotinamide and StemReginin1 may offer improved short- and long-term repopulating ability. Breakthroughs in genome editing and stem cell reprogramming technologies may hasten the generation of pooled, third-party HSPC grafts. This review elucidates past, present, and potential future approaches to HSPC graft optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandhya R Panch
- Cell Processing Section, Department of Transfusion Medicine, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland.
| | - James Szymanski
- Cell Processing Section, Department of Transfusion Medicine, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Bipin N Savani
- Department of Hematology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - David F Stroncek
- Cell Processing Section, Department of Transfusion Medicine, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
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63
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Domingues MJ, Cao H, Heazlewood SY, Cao B, Nilsson SK. Niche Extracellular Matrix Components and Their Influence on HSC. J Cell Biochem 2017; 118:1984-1993. [PMID: 28112429 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Maintenance of hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) takes place in a highly specialized microenvironment within the bone marrow. Technological improvements, especially in the field of in vivo imaging, have helped unravel the complexity of the niche microenvironment and have completely changed the classical concept from what was previously believed to be a static supportive platform, to a dynamic microenvironment tightly regulating HSC homeostasis through the complex interplay between diverse cell types, secreted factors, extracellular matrix molecules, and the expression of different transmembrane receptors. To add to the complexity, non-protein based metabolites have also been recognized as a component of the bone marrow niche. The objective of this review is to discuss the current understanding on how the different extracellular matrix components of the niche regulate HSC fate, both during embryonic development and in adulthood. Special attention will be provided to the description of non-protein metabolites, such as lipids and metal ions, which contribute to the regulation of HSC behavior. J. Cell. Biochem. 118: 1984-1993, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mélanie J Domingues
- Manufacturing, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, Bag 10, Clayton South, VIC 3169, Australia.,Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Huimin Cao
- Manufacturing, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, Bag 10, Clayton South, VIC 3169, Australia.,Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Shen Y Heazlewood
- Manufacturing, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, Bag 10, Clayton South, VIC 3169, Australia.,Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Benjamin Cao
- Manufacturing, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, Bag 10, Clayton South, VIC 3169, Australia.,Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Susan K Nilsson
- Manufacturing, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, Bag 10, Clayton South, VIC 3169, Australia.,Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
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64
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Ogle ME, Olingy CE, Awojoodu AO, Das A, Ortiz RA, Cheung HY, Botchwey EA. Sphingosine-1-Phosphate Receptor-3 Supports Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cell Residence Within the Bone Marrow Niche. Stem Cells 2017; 35:1040-1052. [PMID: 28026131 DOI: 10.1002/stem.2556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2016] [Revised: 11/19/2016] [Accepted: 12/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) egress from bone marrow (BM) during homeostasis and at increased rates during stress; however, the mechanisms regulating their trafficking remain incompletely understood. Here we describe a novel role for lipid receptor, sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 3 (S1PR3), in HSPC residence within the BM niche. HSPCs expressed increased levels of S1PR3 compared to differentiated BM cells. Pharmacological antagonism or knockout (KO) of S1PR3 mobilized HSPCs into blood circulation, suggesting that S1PR3 influences niche localization. S1PR3 antagonism suppressed BM and plasma SDF-1, enabling HSPCs to migrate toward S1P-rich plasma. Mobilization synergized with AMD3100-mediated antagonism of CXCR4, which tethers HSPCs in the niche, and recovered homing deficits of AMD3100-treated grafts. S1PR3 antagonism combined with AMD3100 improved re-engraftment and survival in lethally irradiated recipients. Our studies indicate that S1PR3 and CXCR4 signaling cooperate to maintain HSPCs within the niche under homeostasis. These results highlight an important role for S1PR3 in HSPC niche occupancy and trafficking that can be harnessed for both rapid clinical stem cell mobilization and re-engraftment strategies, as well as the opportunity to design novel therapeutics for control of recruitment, homing, and localization through bioactive lipid signaling. Stem Cells 2017;35:1040-1052.
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Affiliation(s)
- Molly E Ogle
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Claire E Olingy
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Anthony O Awojoodu
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Anusuya Das
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Rafael A Ortiz
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Hoi Yin Cheung
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Edward A Botchwey
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
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66
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Domingues MJ, Nilsson SK, Cao B. New agents in HSC mobilization. Int J Hematol 2016; 105:141-152. [PMID: 27905003 DOI: 10.1007/s12185-016-2156-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Mobilized peripheral blood (PB) is the most common source of hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) for autologous transplantation. Granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) is the most commonly used mobilization agent, yet despite its widespread use, a considerable number of patients still fail to mobilize. Recently, a greater understanding of the interactions that regulate HSC homeostasis in the bone marrow (BM) microenvironment has enabled the development of new molecules that mobilize HSC through specific inhibition, modulation or perturbation of these interactions. AMD3100 (plerixafor), a small molecule that selectively inhibits the chemokine receptor CXCR4 is approved for mobilization in combination with G-CSF in patients with Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and multiple myeloma. Nevertheless, identifying mobilization strategies that not only enhance HSC number, but are rapid and generate an optimal "mobilized product" for improved transplant outcomes remains an area of clinical importance. In recent times, new agents based on recombinant proteins, peptides and small molecules have been identified as potential candidates for therapeutic HSC mobilization. In this review, we describe the most recent developments in HSC mobilization agents and their potential impact in HSC transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mélanie J Domingues
- CSIRO Manufacturing, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Bag 10, Clayton South, VIC, 3169, Australia.,Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Susan K Nilsson
- CSIRO Manufacturing, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Bag 10, Clayton South, VIC, 3169, Australia.,Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Benjamin Cao
- CSIRO Manufacturing, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Bag 10, Clayton South, VIC, 3169, Australia. .,Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia.
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67
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G-CSF-induced sympathetic tone provokes fever and primes antimobilizing functions of neutrophils via PGE2. Blood 2016; 129:587-597. [PMID: 27827823 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2016-07-725754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) is widely used for peripheral blood stem/progenitor mobilization. G-CSF causes low-grade fever that is ameliorated by nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), suggesting the activation of arachidonic acid (AA) cascade. How G-CSF regulated this reaction was assessed. G-CSF treatment in mice resulted in fever, which was canceled in prostaglandin E synthase (mPGES-1)-deficient mice. Mobilization efficiency was twice as high in chimeric mice lacking mPGES-1, specifically in hematopoietic cells, suggesting that prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) from hematopoietic cells modulated the bone marrow (BM) microenvironment. Neutrophils from steady-state BM constitutively expressed mPGES-1 and significantly enhanced PGE2 production in vitro by β-adrenergic stimulation, but not by G-CSF, which was inhibited by an NSAID. Although neutrophils expressed all β-adrenergic receptors, only β3-agonist induced this phenomenon. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry traced β-agonist-induced PGE2 synthesis from exogenous deuterium-labeled AA. Spontaneous PGE2 production was highly efficient in Gr-1high neutrophils among BM cells from G-CSF-treated mice. In addition to these in vitro data, the in vivo depletion of Gr-1high neutrophils disrupted G-CSF-induced fever. Furthermore, sympathetic denervation eliminated both neutrophil priming for PGE2 production and fever during G-CSF treatment. Thus, sympathetic tone-primed BM neutrophils were identified as one of the major PGE2 producers. PGE2 upregulated osteopontin, specifically in preosteoblasts, to retain progenitors in the BM via EP4 receptor. Thus, the sympathetic nervous system regulated neutrophils as an indispensable PGE2 source to modulate BM microenvironment and body temperature. This study provided a novel mechanistic insight into the communication of the nervous system, BM niche components, and hematopoietic cells.
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Hair follicles' transit-amplifying cells govern concurrent dermal adipocyte production through Sonic Hedgehog. Genes Dev 2016; 30:2325-2338. [PMID: 27807033 PMCID: PMC5110998 DOI: 10.1101/gad.285429.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2016] [Accepted: 10/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Zhang et al. show that hair follicles’ transit-amplifying cells (HF-TACs) play an essential role in orchestrating dermal adipogenesis through secreting Sonic Hedgehog (SHH). SHH acts directly on adipocyte precursors, promoting their proliferation and their expression of a key adipogenic gene, Pparg, to induce dermal adipogenesis. Growth and regeneration of one tissue within an organ compels accommodative changes in the surrounding tissues. However, the molecular nature and operating logic governing these concurrent changes remain poorly defined. The dermal adipose layer expands concomitantly with hair follicle downgrowth, providing a paradigm for studying coordinated changes of surrounding lineages with a regenerating tissue. Here, we discover that hair follicle transit-amplifying cells (HF-TACs) play an essential role in orchestrating dermal adipogenesis through secreting Sonic Hedgehog (SHH). Depletion of Shh from HF-TACs abrogates both dermal adipogenesis and hair follicle growth. Using cell type-specific deletion of Smo, a gene required in SHH-receiving cells, we found that SHH does not act on hair follicles, adipocytes, endothelial cells, and hematopoietic cells for adipogenesis. Instead, SHH acts directly on adipocyte precursors, promoting their proliferation and their expression of a key adipogenic gene, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (Pparg), to induce dermal adipogenesis. Our study therefore uncovers a critical role for TACs in orchestrating the generation of both their own progeny and a neighboring lineage to achieve concomitant tissue production across lineages.
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69
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Cyclooxygenase-2: A Role in Cancer Stem Cell Survival and Repopulation of Cancer Cells during Therapy. Stem Cells Int 2016; 2016:2048731. [PMID: 27882058 PMCID: PMC5108861 DOI: 10.1155/2016/2048731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Revised: 09/16/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) is an inducible form of the enzyme that catalyses the synthesis of prostanoids, including prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), a major mediator of inflammation and angiogenesis. COX-2 is overexpressed in cancer cells and is associated with progressive tumour growth, as well as resistance of cancer cells to conventional chemotherapy and radiotherapy. These therapies are often delivered in multiple doses, which are spaced out to allow the recovery of normal tissues between treatments. However, surviving cancer cells also proliferate during treatment intervals, leading to repopulation of the tumour and limiting the effectiveness of the treatment. Tumour cell repopulation is a major cause of treatment failure. The central dogma is that conventional chemotherapy and radiotherapy selects resistant cancer cells that are able to reinitiate tumour growth. However, there is compelling evidence of an active proliferative response, driven by increased COX-2 expression and downstream PGE2 release, which contribute to the repopulation of tumours and poor patient outcome. In this review, we will examine the evidence for a role of COX-2 in cancer stem cell biology and as a mediator of tumour repopulation that can be molecularly targeted to overcome resistance to therapy.
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70
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Zasłona Z, Scruggs AM, Peters-Golden M, Huang SK. Protein kinase A inhibition of macrophage maturation is accompanied by an increase in DNA methylation of the colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor gene. Immunology 2016; 149:225-37. [PMID: 27353657 DOI: 10.1111/imm.12641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2016] [Revised: 06/17/2016] [Accepted: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophage colony-stimulating factor 1 (CSF-1) plays a critical role in the differentiation of mononuclear phagocytes from bone marrow precursors, and maturing monocytes and macrophages exhibit increased expression of the CSF-1 receptor, CSF1R. The expression of CSF1R is tightly regulated by transcription factors and epigenetic mechanisms. We previously showed that prostaglandin E2 and subsequent activation of protein kinase A (PKA) inhibited CSF1R expression and macrophage maturation. Here, we examine the DNA methylation changes that occur at the Csf1r locus during macrophage maturation in the presence or absence of activated PKA. Murine bone marrow cells were matured to macrophages by incubating cells with CSF-1-containing conditioned medium for up to 6 days in the presence or absence of the PKA agonist 6-bnz-cAMP. DNA methylation of Csf1r promoter and enhancer regions was assayed by bisulphite pyrosequencing. DNA methylation of Csf1r decreased during normal macrophage maturation in concert with an increase in Csf1r mRNA expression. Treatment with the PKA agonist inhibited Csf1r mRNA and protein expression, and increased DNA methylation at the Csf1r promoter. This was associated with decreased binding of the transcription factor PU.1 to the Csf1r promoter. Treatment with the PKA agonist inhibited the responsiveness of macrophages to CSF-1. Levels of endogenous PKA activity decreased during normal macrophage maturation, suggesting that attenuation of this signalling pathway contributes to the increase in CSF1R expression during macrophage maturation. Together, these results demonstrate that macrophage maturation is accompanied by Csf1r hypomethylation, and illustrates for the first time the ability of PKA to increase Csf1r DNA methylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zbigniew Zasłona
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Anne M Scruggs
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Marc Peters-Golden
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Steven K Huang
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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71
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Silberstein L, Goncalves KA, Kharchenko PV, Turcotte R, Kfoury Y, Mercier F, Baryawno N, Severe N, Bachand J, Spencer JA, Papazian A, Lee D, Chitteti BR, Srour EF, Hoggatt J, Tate T, Lo Celso C, Ono N, Nutt S, Heino J, Sipilä K, Shioda T, Osawa M, Lin CP, Hu GF, Scadden DT. Proximity-Based Differential Single-Cell Analysis of the Niche to Identify Stem/Progenitor Cell Regulators. Cell Stem Cell 2016; 19:530-543. [PMID: 27524439 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2016.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Revised: 04/08/2016] [Accepted: 07/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Physiological stem cell function is regulated by secreted factors produced by niche cells. In this study, we describe an unbiased approach based on the differential single-cell gene expression analysis of mesenchymal osteolineage cells close to, and further removed from, hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs) to identify candidate niche factors. Mesenchymal cells displayed distinct molecular profiles based on their relative location. We functionally examined, among the genes that were preferentially expressed in proximal cells, three secreted or cell-surface molecules not previously connected to HSPC biology-the secreted RNase angiogenin, the cytokine IL18, and the adhesion molecule Embigin-and discovered that all of these factors are HSPC quiescence regulators. Therefore, our proximity-based differential single-cell approach reveals molecular heterogeneity within niche cells and can be used to identify novel extrinsic stem/progenitor cell regulators. Similar approaches could also be applied to other stem cell/niche pairs to advance the understanding of microenvironmental regulation of stem cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lev Silberstein
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02445, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Kevin A Goncalves
- Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA; Molecular Oncology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Peter V Kharchenko
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Department for Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Raphael Turcotte
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02445, USA
| | - Youmna Kfoury
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02445, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Francois Mercier
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02445, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Ninib Baryawno
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02445, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Nicolas Severe
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02445, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Jacqueline Bachand
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02445, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Joel A Spencer
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02445, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Ani Papazian
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02445, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Dongjun Lee
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02445, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | | | | | - Jonathan Hoggatt
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02445, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Tiffany Tate
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02445, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | | | - Noriaki Ono
- School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Stephen Nutt
- Walter and Eliza Hall Research Institute, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | | | | | - Toshihiro Shioda
- Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | | | - Charles P Lin
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02445, USA
| | - Guo-Fu Hu
- Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA; Molecular Oncology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA 02111, USA.
| | - David T Scadden
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02445, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
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72
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Myeloid Cell Prostaglandin E2 Receptor EP4 Modulates Cytokine Production but Not Atherogenesis in a Mouse Model of Type 1 Diabetes. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0158316. [PMID: 27351842 PMCID: PMC4924840 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0158316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2016] [Accepted: 06/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is associated with cardiovascular complications induced by atherosclerosis. Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) is often raised in states of inflammation, including diabetes, and regulates inflammatory processes. In myeloid cells, a key cell type in atherosclerosis, PGE2 acts predominately through its Prostaglandin E Receptor 4 (EP4; Ptger4) to modulate inflammation. The effect of PGE2-mediated EP4 signaling specifically in myeloid cells on atherosclerosis in the presence and absence of diabetes is unknown. Because diabetes promotes atherosclerosis through increased arterial myeloid cell accumulation, we generated a myeloid cell-targeted EP4-deficient mouse model (EP4M-/-) of T1DM-accelerated atherogenesis to investigate the relationship between myeloid cell EP4, inflammatory phenotypes of myeloid cells, and atherogenesis. Diabetic mice exhibited elevated plasma PGE metabolite levels and elevated Ptger4 mRNA in macrophages, as compared with non-diabetic littermates. PGE2 increased Il6, Il1b, Il23 and Ccr7 mRNA while reducing Tnfa mRNA through EP4 in isolated myeloid cells. Consistently, the stimulatory effect of diabetes on peritoneal macrophage Il6 was mediated by PGE2-EP4, while PGE2-EP4 suppressed the effect of diabetes on Tnfa in these cells. In addition, diabetes exerted effects independent of myeloid cell EP4, including a reduction in macrophage Ccr7 levels and increased early atherogenesis characterized by relative lesional macrophage accumulation. These studies suggest that this mouse model of T1DM is associated with increased myeloid cell PGE2-EP4 signaling, which is required for the stimulatory effect of diabetes on IL-6, markedly blunts the effect of diabetes on TNF-α and does not modulate diabetes-accelerated atherogenesis.
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73
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Adamiak M, Borkowska S, Wysoczynski M, Suszynska M, Kucia M, Rokosh G, Abdel-Latif A, Ratajczak J, Ratajczak MZ. Evidence for the involvement of sphingosine-1-phosphate in the homing and engraftment of hematopoietic stem cells to bone marrow. Oncotarget 2016; 6:18819-28. [PMID: 26299919 PMCID: PMC4662458 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.4710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2015] [Accepted: 07/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The α-chemokine stromal-derived factor 1 (SDF-1), which binds to the CXCR4 receptor, directs migration and homing of CXCR4+ hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs) to bone marrow (BM) stem cell niches. Nevertheless, it is also known that CXCR4−/− fetal liver-derived hematopoietic stem cells engraft into BM and that blockade of CXCR4 by its antagonist AMD3100 does not prevent engraftment of HSPCs. Because of this finding of SDF-1-CXCR4-independent BM homing, the unique role of SDF-1 in HSPC homing has recently been challenged. While SDF-1 is the only chemokine that chemoattracts HSPCs, other chemoattractants for these cells have recently been described, including the bioactive phosphosphingolipid sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P). To address the potential role of S1P in homing of HSPCs to BM, we performed hematopoietic transplants into mice deficient in BM-expressed sphingosine kinase 1 (Sphk1−/−) using hematopoietic cells from normal control mice as well as cells from mice in which floxed CXCR4 (CXCR4fl/fl) was conditionally deleted. We observed the presence of a homing and engraftment defect in HSPCs of Sphk1−/− mice that was particularly profound after transplantation of CXCR4−/− BM cells. Thus, our results indicate that BM-microenvironment-expressed S1P plays a role in homing of HSPCs. They also support the concept that, in addition to the SDF-1-CXCR4 axis, other chemotactic axes are also involved in homing and engraftment of HSPCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateusz Adamiak
- Stem Cell Institute at James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Sylwia Borkowska
- Stem Cell Institute at James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Marcin Wysoczynski
- Institute of Molecular Cardiology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Malwina Suszynska
- Stem Cell Institute at James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Magda Kucia
- Stem Cell Institute at James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA.,Department of Regenerative Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Gregg Rokosh
- Institute of Molecular Cardiology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Ahmed Abdel-Latif
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Gill Heart Institute, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Janina Ratajczak
- Stem Cell Institute at James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Mariusz Z Ratajczak
- Stem Cell Institute at James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA.,Department of Regenerative Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
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74
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Woodling NS, Colas D, Wang Q, Minhas P, Panchal M, Liang X, Mhatre SD, Brown H, Ko N, Zagol-Ikapitte I, van der Hart M, Khroyan TV, Chuluun B, Priyam PG, Milne GL, Rassoulpour A, Boutaud O, Manning-Boğ AB, Heller HC, Andreasson KI. Cyclooxygenase inhibition targets neurons to prevent early behavioural decline in Alzheimer's disease model mice. Brain 2016; 139:2063-81. [PMID: 27190010 DOI: 10.1093/brain/aww117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2015] [Accepted: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Identifying preventive targets for Alzheimer's disease is a central challenge of modern medicine. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, which inhibit the cyclooxygenase enzymes COX-1 and COX-2, reduce the risk of developing Alzheimer's disease in normal ageing populations. This preventive effect coincides with an extended preclinical phase that spans years to decades before onset of cognitive decline. In the brain, COX-2 is induced in neurons in response to excitatory synaptic activity and in glial cells in response to inflammation. To identify mechanisms underlying prevention of cognitive decline by anti-inflammatory drugs, we first identified an early object memory deficit in APPSwe-PS1ΔE9 mice that preceded previously identified spatial memory deficits in this model. We modelled prevention of this memory deficit with ibuprofen, and found that ibuprofen prevented memory impairment without producing any measurable changes in amyloid-β accumulation or glial inflammation. Instead, ibuprofen modulated hippocampal gene expression in pathways involved in neuronal plasticity and increased levels of norepinephrine and dopamine. The gene most highly downregulated by ibuprofen was neuronal tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase (Tdo2), which encodes an enzyme that metabolizes tryptophan to kynurenine. TDO2 expression was increased by neuronal COX-2 activity, and overexpression of hippocampal TDO2 produced behavioural deficits. Moreover, pharmacological TDO2 inhibition prevented behavioural deficits in APPSwe-PS1ΔE9 mice. Taken together, these data demonstrate broad effects of cyclooxygenase inhibition on multiple neuronal pathways that counteract the neurotoxic effects of early accumulating amyloid-β oligomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathaniel S Woodling
- 1 Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA 2 Neurosciences Graduate Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Damien Colas
- 1 Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Qian Wang
- 1 Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Paras Minhas
- 1 Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA 1 Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Maharshi Panchal
- 1 Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Xibin Liang
- 1 Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Siddhita D Mhatre
- 1 Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Holden Brown
- 1 Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA 4 Brains On-line LLC, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Novie Ko
- 1 Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Irene Zagol-Ikapitte
- 1 Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Marieke van der Hart
- 1 Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Taline V Khroyan
- 1 Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Bayarsaikhan Chuluun
- 1 Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Prachi G Priyam
- 1 Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Ginger L Milne
- 1 Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Arash Rassoulpour
- 1 Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Olivier Boutaud
- 1 Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Amy B Manning-Boğ
- 1 Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - H Craig Heller
- 1 Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Katrin I Andreasson
- 1 Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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75
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Liu Q, Yuan W, Tong D, Liu G, Lan W, Zhang D, Xiao H, Zhang Y, Huang Z, Yang J, Zhang J, Jiang J. Metformin represses bladder cancer progression by inhibiting stem cell repopulation via COX2/PGE2/STAT3 axis. Oncotarget 2016; 7:28235-46. [PMID: 27058422 PMCID: PMC5053723 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2016] [Accepted: 03/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are a sub-population of tumor cells playing essential roles in initiation, differentiation, recurrence, metastasis and development of drug resistance of various cancers, including bladder cancer. Although multiple lines of evidence suggest that metformin is capable of repressing CSC repopulation in different cancers, the effect of metformin on bladder cancer CSCs remains largely unknown. Using the N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU)-induced rat orthotropic bladder cancer model, we demonstrated that metformin is capable of repressing bladder cancer progression from both mild to moderate/severe dysplasia lesions and from carcinoma in situ (CIS) to invasive lesions. Metformin also can arrest bladder cancer cells in G1/S phases, which subsequently leads to apoptosis. And also metformin represses bladder cancer CSC repopulation evidenced by reducing cytokeratin 14 (CK14+) and octamer-binding transcription factor 3/4 (OCT3/4+) cells in both animal and cellular models. More importantly, we found that metformin exerts these anticancer effects by inhibiting COX2, subsequently PGE2 as well as the activation of STAT3. In conclusion, we are the first to systemically demonstrate in both animal and cell models that metformin inhibits bladder cancer progression by inhibiting stem cell repopulation through the COX2/PGE2/STAT3 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuli Liu
- Department of Urology, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, PR China
| | - Wenqiang Yuan
- Department of Urology, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, PR China
| | - Dali Tong
- Department of Urology, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, PR China
| | - Gaolei Liu
- Department of Urology, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, PR China
| | - Weihua Lan
- Department of Urology, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, PR China
| | - Dianzheng Zhang
- Department of Bio-Medical Sciences, Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19131, USA
| | - Hualiang Xiao
- Department of Pathology, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, PR China
| | - Yao Zhang
- Department of Urology, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, PR China
| | - Zaoming Huang
- Department of Urology, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, PR China
| | - Junjie Yang
- Department of Urology, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, PR China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Urology, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, PR China
| | - Jun Jiang
- Department of Urology, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, PR China
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76
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Rafii S, Butler JM, Ding BS. Angiocrine functions of organ-specific endothelial cells. Nature 2016; 529:316-25. [PMID: 26791722 DOI: 10.1038/nature17040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 629] [Impact Index Per Article: 78.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2015] [Accepted: 11/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Endothelial cells that line capillaries are not just passive conduits for delivering blood. Tissue-specific endothelium establishes specialized vascular niches that deploy sets of growth factors, known as angiocrine factors. These cues participate actively in the induction, specification, patterning and guidance of organ regeneration, as well as in the maintainance of homeostasis and metabolism. When upregulated following injury, they orchestrate self-renewal and differentiation of tissue-specific resident stem and progenitor cells into functional organs. Uncovering the mechanisms by which organotypic endothelium distributes physiological levels of angiocrine factors both spatially and temporally will lay the foundation for clinical trials that promote organ repair without scarring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahin Rafii
- Ansary Stem Cell Institute, Department of Medicine, Division of Regenerative Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, 1300 York Avenue, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - Jason M Butler
- Ansary Stem Cell Institute, Department of Medicine, Division of Regenerative Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, 1300 York Avenue, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - Bi-Sen Ding
- Ansary Stem Cell Institute, Department of Medicine, Division of Regenerative Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, 1300 York Avenue, New York, New York 10065, USA
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77
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Kazemi Z, Bergmayr C, Prchal-Murphy M, Javaheri T, Themanns M, Pham HTT, Strohmaier W, Sexl V, Freissmuth M, Zebedin-Brandl E. Repurposing Treprostinil for Enhancing Hematopoietic Progenitor Cell Transplantation. Mol Pharmacol 2016; 89:630-44. [PMID: 26989084 PMCID: PMC4885501 DOI: 10.1124/mol.116.103267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Activation of Gs-coupled receptors enhances engraftment of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs). We tested the hypothesis that treprostinil, a prostacyclin analog approved for the treatment of pulmonary hypertension, can be repurposed to improve hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Murine and human HSPCs were isolated from bone marrow and umbilical cord blood, respectively. Prostanoid receptor agonists and the combination thereof with forskolin were tested for their capacity to stimulate [3H]cAMP accumulation in HSPCs. Three independent approaches were employed to verify the ability of agonist-activated HSPCs to reconstitute the bone marrow in lethally irradiated recipient mice. The underlying mechanism was explored in cellular migration assays and by blocking C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4). Among several prostanoid agonists tested in combination with forskolin, treprostinil was most efficacious in raising intracellular cAMP levels in murine and human HPSCs. Injection of murine and human HSPCs, which had been pretreated with treprostinil and forskolin, enhanced survival of lethally irradiated recipient mice. Survival was further improved if recipient mice were subcutaneously administered treprostinil (0.15 mg kg−1 8 h−1) for 10 days. This regimen also reduced the number of HSPCs required to rescue lethally irradiated mice. Enhanced survival of recipient mice was causally related to treprostinil-enhanced CXCR4-dependent migration of HSPCs. Treprostinil stimulates the engraftment of human and murine hematopoietic stem cells without impairing their capacity for self-renewal. The investigated dose range corresponds to the dose approved for human use. Hence, these findings may be readily translated into a clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Kazemi
- Institute of Pharmacology, Centre of Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria (Z.K., C.B., M.T., M.F., E.Z.-B.); Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria (M.P.-M., V.S.); Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cancer Research, Vienna, Austria (T.J., H.T.T.P.); SciPharm SàRL, L-2540 Luxembourg (W.S.)
| | - Christian Bergmayr
- Institute of Pharmacology, Centre of Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria (Z.K., C.B., M.T., M.F., E.Z.-B.); Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria (M.P.-M., V.S.); Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cancer Research, Vienna, Austria (T.J., H.T.T.P.); SciPharm SàRL, L-2540 Luxembourg (W.S.)
| | - Michaela Prchal-Murphy
- Institute of Pharmacology, Centre of Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria (Z.K., C.B., M.T., M.F., E.Z.-B.); Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria (M.P.-M., V.S.); Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cancer Research, Vienna, Austria (T.J., H.T.T.P.); SciPharm SàRL, L-2540 Luxembourg (W.S.)
| | - Tahereh Javaheri
- Institute of Pharmacology, Centre of Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria (Z.K., C.B., M.T., M.F., E.Z.-B.); Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria (M.P.-M., V.S.); Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cancer Research, Vienna, Austria (T.J., H.T.T.P.); SciPharm SàRL, L-2540 Luxembourg (W.S.)
| | - Madeleine Themanns
- Institute of Pharmacology, Centre of Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria (Z.K., C.B., M.T., M.F., E.Z.-B.); Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria (M.P.-M., V.S.); Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cancer Research, Vienna, Austria (T.J., H.T.T.P.); SciPharm SàRL, L-2540 Luxembourg (W.S.)
| | - Ha T T Pham
- Institute of Pharmacology, Centre of Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria (Z.K., C.B., M.T., M.F., E.Z.-B.); Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria (M.P.-M., V.S.); Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cancer Research, Vienna, Austria (T.J., H.T.T.P.); SciPharm SàRL, L-2540 Luxembourg (W.S.)
| | - Wolfgang Strohmaier
- Institute of Pharmacology, Centre of Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria (Z.K., C.B., M.T., M.F., E.Z.-B.); Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria (M.P.-M., V.S.); Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cancer Research, Vienna, Austria (T.J., H.T.T.P.); SciPharm SàRL, L-2540 Luxembourg (W.S.)
| | - Veronika Sexl
- Institute of Pharmacology, Centre of Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria (Z.K., C.B., M.T., M.F., E.Z.-B.); Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria (M.P.-M., V.S.); Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cancer Research, Vienna, Austria (T.J., H.T.T.P.); SciPharm SàRL, L-2540 Luxembourg (W.S.)
| | - Michael Freissmuth
- Institute of Pharmacology, Centre of Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria (Z.K., C.B., M.T., M.F., E.Z.-B.); Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria (M.P.-M., V.S.); Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cancer Research, Vienna, Austria (T.J., H.T.T.P.); SciPharm SàRL, L-2540 Luxembourg (W.S.)
| | - Eva Zebedin-Brandl
- Institute of Pharmacology, Centre of Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria (Z.K., C.B., M.T., M.F., E.Z.-B.); Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria (M.P.-M., V.S.); Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cancer Research, Vienna, Austria (T.J., H.T.T.P.); SciPharm SàRL, L-2540 Luxembourg (W.S.)
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78
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Cao B, Zhang Z, Grassinger J, Williams B, Heazlewood CK, Churches QI, James SA, Li S, Papayannopoulou T, Nilsson SK. Therapeutic targeting and rapid mobilization of endosteal HSC using a small molecule integrin antagonist. Nat Commun 2016; 7:11007. [PMID: 26975966 PMCID: PMC4796355 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms11007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2015] [Accepted: 02/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The inherent disadvantages of using granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) for hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) mobilization have driven efforts to identify alternate strategies based on single doses of small molecules. Here, we show targeting α9β1/α4β1 integrins with a single dose of a small molecule antagonist (BOP (N-(benzenesulfonyl)-L-prolyl-L-O-(1-pyrrolidinylcarbonyl)tyrosine)) rapidly mobilizes long-term multi-lineage reconstituting HSC. Synergistic engraftment augmentation is observed when BOP is co-administered with AMD3100. Impressively, HSC in equal volumes of peripheral blood (PB) mobilized with this combination effectively out-competes PB mobilized with G-CSF. The enhanced mobilization observed using BOP and AMD3100 is recapitulated in a humanized NODSCIDIL2Rγ−/− model, demonstrated by a significant increase in PB CD34+ cells. Using a related fluorescent analogue of BOP (R-BC154), we show that this class of antagonists preferentially bind human and mouse HSC and progenitors via endogenously primed/activated α9β1/α4β1 within the endosteal niche. These results support using dual α9β1/α4β1 inhibitors as effective, rapid and transient mobilization agents with promising clinical applications. Mobilizing haematopoietic stem cells to the peripheral blood has largely replaced bone marrow transplants as a strategy in the clinic. Here, Cao et al. report the use of an α9β1/α4β1 integrin antagonist to induce rapid mobilization of blood stem cells from the bone marrow in a humanized mouse model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Cao
- Biomedical Manufacturing, CSIRO Manufacturing, Bag 10, Clayton South, Victoria 3169, Australia.,Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Biomedical Manufacturing, CSIRO Manufacturing, Bag 10, Clayton South, Victoria 3169, Australia
| | - Jochen Grassinger
- University Hospital Regensberg, Department of Hematology and Oncology, Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11, Regensburg 93053, Germany
| | - Brenda Williams
- Biomedical Manufacturing, CSIRO Manufacturing, Bag 10, Clayton South, Victoria 3169, Australia.,Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Chad K Heazlewood
- Biomedical Manufacturing, CSIRO Manufacturing, Bag 10, Clayton South, Victoria 3169, Australia.,Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Quentin I Churches
- Biomedical Manufacturing, CSIRO Manufacturing, Bag 10, Clayton South, Victoria 3169, Australia
| | - Simon A James
- Biomedical Manufacturing, CSIRO Manufacturing, Bag 10, Clayton South, Victoria 3169, Australia.,Australian Synchrotron, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
| | - Songhui Li
- Biomedical Manufacturing, CSIRO Manufacturing, Bag 10, Clayton South, Victoria 3169, Australia.,Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Thalia Papayannopoulou
- Department of Medicine/Hematology, University of Washington Seattle, 1705 NE Pacific, Box 357710, Seattle, Washington 98195-7710, USA
| | - Susan K Nilsson
- Biomedical Manufacturing, CSIRO Manufacturing, Bag 10, Clayton South, Victoria 3169, Australia.,Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
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79
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GATA Factor-G-Protein-Coupled Receptor Circuit Suppresses Hematopoiesis. Stem Cell Reports 2016; 6:368-82. [PMID: 26905203 PMCID: PMC4788764 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2016.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2015] [Revised: 01/11/2016] [Accepted: 01/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) originate from hemogenic endothelium within the aorta-gonad-mesonephros (AGM) region of the mammalian embryo. The relationship between genetic circuits controlling stem cell genesis and multi-potency is not understood. A Gata2 cis element (+9.5) enhances Gata2 expression in the AGM and induces the endothelial to HSC transition. We demonstrated that GATA-2 rescued hematopoiesis in +9.5−/− AGMs. As G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are the most common targets for FDA-approved drugs, we analyzed the GPCR gene ensemble to identify GATA-2-regulated GPCRs. Of the 20 GATA-2-activated GPCR genes, four were GATA-1-activated, and only Gpr65 expression resembled Gata2. Contrasting with the paradigm in which GATA-2-activated genes promote hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell genesis/function, our mouse and zebrafish studies indicated that GPR65 suppressed hematopoiesis. GPR65 established repressive chromatin at the +9.5 site, restricted occupancy by the activator Scl/TAL1, and repressed Gata2 transcription. Thus, a Gata2 cis element creates a GATA-2-GPCR circuit that limits positive regulators that promote hematopoiesis. GATA-2 rescues +9.5−/− AGM hematopoietic activity GATA-2 upregulates Gpr65, which encodes a negative regulator of hematopoiesis GPR65 suppresses hematopoiesis by repressing Gata2 expression GPR65 represses Gata2 expression by increasing H4K20me1, restricting Scl/TAL1 occupancy
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80
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Dolatshad NF, Hellen N, Jabbour RJ, Harding SE, Földes G. G-protein Coupled Receptor Signaling in Pluripotent Stem Cell-derived Cardiovascular Cells: Implications for Disease Modeling. Front Cell Dev Biol 2015; 3:76. [PMID: 26697426 PMCID: PMC4673467 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2015.00076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2015] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Human pluripotent stem cell derivatives show promise as an in vitro platform to study a range of human cardiovascular diseases. A better understanding of the biology of stem cells and their cardiovascular derivatives will help to understand the strengths and limitations of this new model system. G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) are key regulators of stem cell maintenance and differentiation and have an important role in cardiovascular cell signaling. In this review, we will therefore describe the state of knowledge concerning the regulatory role of GPCRs in both the generation and function of pluripotent stem cell derived-cardiomyocytes, -endothelial, and -vascular smooth muscle cells. We will consider how far the in vitro disease models recapitulate authentic GPCR signaling and provide a useful basis for discovery of disease mechanisms or design of therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazanin F Dolatshad
- Myocardial Function, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London London, UK
| | - Nicola Hellen
- Myocardial Function, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London London, UK
| | - Richard J Jabbour
- Myocardial Function, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London London, UK
| | - Sian E Harding
- Myocardial Function, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London London, UK
| | - Gabor Földes
- Myocardial Function, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London London, UK ; The Heart and Vascular Center of Semmelweis University, Semmelweis University Budapest, Hungary
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81
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Ottoboni L, De Feo D, Merlini A, Martino G. Commonalities in immune modulation between mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and neural stem/precursor cells (NPCs). Immunol Lett 2015; 168:228-39. [DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2015.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2015] [Accepted: 05/05/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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82
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Calvi LM, Link DC. The hematopoietic stem cell niche in homeostasis and disease. Blood 2015; 126:2443-51. [PMID: 26468230 PMCID: PMC4661168 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2015-07-533588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2015] [Accepted: 10/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The bone marrow microenvironment contains a heterogeneous population of stromal cells organized into niches that support hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and other lineage-committed hematopoietic progenitors. The stem cell niche generates signals that regulate HSC self-renewal, quiescence, and differentiation. Here, we review recent studies that highlight the heterogeneity of the stromal cells that comprise stem cell niches and the complexity of the signals that they generate. We highlight emerging data that stem cell niches in the bone marrow are not static but instead are responsive to environmental stimuli. Finally, we review recent data showing that hematopoietic niches are altered in certain hematopoietic malignancies, and we discuss how these alterations might contribute to disease pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura M Calvi
- Department of Medicine and Pharmacology & Physiology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY; and
| | - Daniel C Link
- Departments of Medicine and Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
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83
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Land RH, Rayne AK, Vanderbeck AN, Barlowe TS, Manjunath S, Gross M, Eiger S, Klein PS, Cunningham NR, Huang J, Emerson SG, Punt JA. The orphan nuclear receptor NR4A1 specifies a distinct subpopulation of quiescent myeloid-biased long-term HSCs. Stem Cells 2015; 33:278-88. [PMID: 25284014 DOI: 10.1002/stem.1852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2014] [Accepted: 08/29/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Hematopoiesis is maintained throughout life by self-renewing hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) that differentiate to produce both myeloid and lymphoid cells. The NR4A family of orphan nuclear receptors, which regulates cell fate in many tissues, appears to play a key role in HSC proliferation and differentiation. Using a NR4A1(GFP) BAC transgenic reporter mouse we have investigated NR4A1 expression and its regulation in early hematopoiesis. We show that NR4A1 is most highly expressed in a subset of Lin(-) Sca-1(+) c-Kit(+) CD48(-) CD150(+) long-term (LT) HSCs, and its expression is tightly associated with HSC quiescence. We also show that NR4A1 expression in HSCs is induced by PGE2, a known enhancer of stem cell engraftment potential. Finally, we find that both NR4A1(GFP+) and NR4A1(GFP-) HSCs successfully engraft primary and secondary irradiated hosts; however, NR4A1(GFP+) HSCs are distinctly myeloid-biased. These results show that NR4A1 expression identifies a highly quiescent and distinct population of myeloid-biased LT-HSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruben H Land
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
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84
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Scott NM, Ng RLX, McGonigle TA, Gorman S, Hart PH. Reduced immune responses in chimeric mice engrafted with bone marrow cells from mice with airways inflammation. Inflamm Res 2015; 64:861-73. [PMID: 26280298 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-015-0868-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2015] [Revised: 08/06/2015] [Accepted: 08/07/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE During respiratory inflammation, it is generally assumed that dendritic cells differentiating from the bone marrow are immunogenic rather than immunoregulatory. Using chimeric mice, the outcomes of airways inflammation on bone marrow progenitor cells were studied. METHODS Immune responses were analyzed in chimeric mice engrafted for >16 weeks with bone marrow cells from mice with experimental allergic airways disease (EAAD). RESULTS Responses to sensitization and challenge with the allergen causing inflammation in the bone marrow-donor mice were significantly reduced in the chimeric mice engrafted with bone marrow cells from mice with EAAD (EAAD-chimeric). Responses to intranasal LPS and topical fluorescein isothiocyanate (non-specific challenges) were significantly attenuated. Fewer activated dendritic cells from the airways and skin of the EAAD-chimeric mice could be tracked to the draining lymph nodes, and may contribute to the significantly reduced antigen/chemical-induced hypertrophy in the draining nodes, and the reduced immune responses to sensitizing allergens. Dendritic cells differentiating in vitro from the bone marrow of >16 weeks reconstituted EAAD-chimeric mice retained an ability to poorly prime immune responses when transferred into naïve mice. CONCLUSIONS Dendritic cells developing from bone marrow progenitors during airways inflammation are altered such that daughter cells have reduced antigen priming capabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naomi M Scott
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, PO Box 855, West Perth, WA, 6872, Australia
| | - Royce L X Ng
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, PO Box 855, West Perth, WA, 6872, Australia
| | - Terence A McGonigle
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, PO Box 855, West Perth, WA, 6872, Australia
| | - Shelley Gorman
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, PO Box 855, West Perth, WA, 6872, Australia
| | - Prue H Hart
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, PO Box 855, West Perth, WA, 6872, Australia.
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85
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Barbieri SS, Petrucci G, Tarantino E, Amadio P, Rocca B, Pesce M, Machlus KR, Ranelletti FO, Gianellini S, Weksler B, Italiano JE, Tremoli E. Abnormal megakaryopoiesis and platelet function in cyclooxygenase-2-deficient mice. Thromb Haemost 2015; 114:1218-29. [PMID: 26272103 DOI: 10.1160/th14-10-0872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2014] [Accepted: 06/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies suggest that cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) might influence megakaryocyte (MK) maturation and platelet production in vitro. Using a gene deletion model, we analysed the effect of COX-2 deficiency on megakaryopoiesis and platelet function. COX-2-/- mice (10-12 weeks old) have hyper-responsive platelets as suggested by their enhanced aggregation, TXA2 biosynthesis, CD62P and CD41/CD61 expression, platelet-fibrinogen binding, and increased thromboembolic death after collagen/epinephrine injection compared to wild-type (WT). Moreover, increased platelet COX-1 expression and reticulated platelet fraction were observed in COX-2-/- mice while platelet count was similar to WT. MKs were significantly reduced in COX-2-/- bone marrows (BMs), with high nuclear/cytoplasmic ratios, low ploidy and poor expression of lineage markers of maturation (CD42d, CD49b). However, MKs were significantly increased in COX-2-/- spleens, with features of MK maturation markers which were not observed in MKs of WT spleens. Interestingly, the expression of COX-1, prostacyclin and PGE2 synthases and prostanoid pattern were modified in BMs and spleens of COX-2-/- mice. Moreover, COX-2 ablation reduced the percentage of CD49b+ cells, the platelet formation and the haematopoietic stem cells in bone marrow and increased their accumulation in the spleen. Splenectomy decreased peripheral platelet number, reverted their hyper-responsive phenotype and protected COX-2-/- mice from thromboembolism. Interestingly, fibrosis was observed in spleens of old COX-2-/- mice (28 weeks old). In conclusion, COX-2 deletion delays BM megakaryopoiesis promoting a compensatory splenic MK hyperplasia, with a release of hyper-responsive platelets and increased thrombogenicity in vivo. COX-2 seems to contribute to physiological MK maturation and pro-platelet formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia S Barbieri
- Silvia S. Barbieri, PhD, Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Via Parea 4, 20138 Milano, Italy, Tel.: +39 02 50318357, Fax: +39 02 50318250, E-mail:
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86
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Finetti F, Terzuoli E, Giachetti A, Santi R, Villari D, Hanaka H, Radmark O, Ziche M, Donnini S. mPGES-1 in prostate cancer controls stemness and amplifies epidermal growth factor receptor-driven oncogenicity. Endocr Relat Cancer 2015; 22:665-78. [PMID: 26113609 PMCID: PMC4526795 DOI: 10.1530/erc-15-0277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/23/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
There is evidence that an inflammatory microenvironment is associated with the development and progression of prostate cancer (PCa), although the determinants of intrinsic inflammation in PCa cells are not completely understood. Here we investigated whether expression of intrinsic microsomal PGE synthase-1 (mPGES-1) enhanced aggressiveness of PCa cells and might be critical for epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-mediated tumour progression. In PCa, overexpression of EGFR promotes metastatic invasion and correlates with a high Gleason score, while prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) has been reported to modulate oncogenic EGFR-driven oncogenicity. Immunohistochemical studies revealed that mPGES-1 in human prostate tissues is correlated with EGFR expression in advanced tumours. In DU145 and PC-3 cell lines expressing mPGES-1 (mPGES-1(SC) cells), we demonstrate that silencing or 'knock down' of mPGES-1 (mPGES-1(KD)) or pharmacological inhibition by MF63 strongly attenuates overall oncogenic drive. Indeed, mPGES-1(SC) cells express stem-cell-like features (high CD44, β1-integrin, Nanog and Oct4 and low CD24 and α6-integrin) as well as mesenchymal transition markers (high vimentin, high fibronectin, low E-cadherin). They also show increased capacity to survive irrespective of anchorage condition, and overexpress EGFR compared to mPGES-1(KD) cells. mPGES-1 expression correlates with increased in vivo tumour growth and metastasis. Although EGFR inhibition reduces mPGES-1(SC) and mPGES-1(KD) cell xenograft tumour growth, we show that mPGES-1/PGE2 signalling sensitizes tumour cells to EGFR inhibitors. We propose mPGES-1 as a possible new marker of tumour aggressiveness in PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Finetti
- Department of Life SciencesUniversity of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, ItalyDepartment of Surgery and Translational MedicineUniversity of Florence, Largo Brambilla 3, 50134 Firenze, ItalyDepartment of Clinical and Experimental MedicineUniversity of Florence, Viale Pieraccini 18, 50139 Firenze, ItalyDepartment of Medical Biochemistry and BiophysicsKarolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, SwedenIstituto Toscano Tumori (ITT)Firenze, Italy
| | - Erika Terzuoli
- Department of Life SciencesUniversity of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, ItalyDepartment of Surgery and Translational MedicineUniversity of Florence, Largo Brambilla 3, 50134 Firenze, ItalyDepartment of Clinical and Experimental MedicineUniversity of Florence, Viale Pieraccini 18, 50139 Firenze, ItalyDepartment of Medical Biochemistry and BiophysicsKarolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, SwedenIstituto Toscano Tumori (ITT)Firenze, Italy
| | - Antonio Giachetti
- Department of Life SciencesUniversity of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, ItalyDepartment of Surgery and Translational MedicineUniversity of Florence, Largo Brambilla 3, 50134 Firenze, ItalyDepartment of Clinical and Experimental MedicineUniversity of Florence, Viale Pieraccini 18, 50139 Firenze, ItalyDepartment of Medical Biochemistry and BiophysicsKarolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, SwedenIstituto Toscano Tumori (ITT)Firenze, Italy
| | - Raffaella Santi
- Department of Life SciencesUniversity of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, ItalyDepartment of Surgery and Translational MedicineUniversity of Florence, Largo Brambilla 3, 50134 Firenze, ItalyDepartment of Clinical and Experimental MedicineUniversity of Florence, Viale Pieraccini 18, 50139 Firenze, ItalyDepartment of Medical Biochemistry and BiophysicsKarolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, SwedenIstituto Toscano Tumori (ITT)Firenze, Italy
| | - Donata Villari
- Department of Life SciencesUniversity of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, ItalyDepartment of Surgery and Translational MedicineUniversity of Florence, Largo Brambilla 3, 50134 Firenze, ItalyDepartment of Clinical and Experimental MedicineUniversity of Florence, Viale Pieraccini 18, 50139 Firenze, ItalyDepartment of Medical Biochemistry and BiophysicsKarolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, SwedenIstituto Toscano Tumori (ITT)Firenze, Italy
| | - Hiromi Hanaka
- Department of Life SciencesUniversity of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, ItalyDepartment of Surgery and Translational MedicineUniversity of Florence, Largo Brambilla 3, 50134 Firenze, ItalyDepartment of Clinical and Experimental MedicineUniversity of Florence, Viale Pieraccini 18, 50139 Firenze, ItalyDepartment of Medical Biochemistry and BiophysicsKarolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, SwedenIstituto Toscano Tumori (ITT)Firenze, Italy
| | - Olof Radmark
- Department of Life SciencesUniversity of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, ItalyDepartment of Surgery and Translational MedicineUniversity of Florence, Largo Brambilla 3, 50134 Firenze, ItalyDepartment of Clinical and Experimental MedicineUniversity of Florence, Viale Pieraccini 18, 50139 Firenze, ItalyDepartment of Medical Biochemistry and BiophysicsKarolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, SwedenIstituto Toscano Tumori (ITT)Firenze, Italy
| | - Marina Ziche
- Department of Life SciencesUniversity of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, ItalyDepartment of Surgery and Translational MedicineUniversity of Florence, Largo Brambilla 3, 50134 Firenze, ItalyDepartment of Clinical and Experimental MedicineUniversity of Florence, Viale Pieraccini 18, 50139 Firenze, ItalyDepartment of Medical Biochemistry and BiophysicsKarolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, SwedenIstituto Toscano Tumori (ITT)Firenze, Italy Department of Life SciencesUniversity of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, ItalyDepartment of Surgery and Translational MedicineUniversity of Florence, Largo Brambilla 3, 50134 Firenze, ItalyDepartment of Clinical and Experimental MedicineUniversity of Florence, Viale Pieraccini 18, 50139 Firenze, ItalyDepartment of Medical Biochemistry and BiophysicsKarolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, SwedenIstituto Toscano Tumori (ITT)Firenze, Italy
| | - Sandra Donnini
- Department of Life SciencesUniversity of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, ItalyDepartment of Surgery and Translational MedicineUniversity of Florence, Largo Brambilla 3, 50134 Firenze, ItalyDepartment of Clinical and Experimental MedicineUniversity of Florence, Viale Pieraccini 18, 50139 Firenze, ItalyDepartment of Medical Biochemistry and BiophysicsKarolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, SwedenIstituto Toscano Tumori (ITT)Firenze, Italy Department of Life SciencesUniversity of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, ItalyDepartment of Surgery and Translational MedicineUniversity of Florence, Largo Brambilla 3, 50134 Firenze, ItalyDepartment of Clinical and Experimental MedicineUniversity of Florence, Viale Pieraccini 18, 50139 Firenze, ItalyDepartment of Medical Biochemistry and BiophysicsKarolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, SwedenIstituto Toscano Tumori (ITT)Firenze, Italy
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Xiong F. A Collision Probability Model of Portal Vein Tumor Thrombus Formation in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0130366. [PMID: 26131562 PMCID: PMC4489575 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0130366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2015] [Accepted: 05/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma is one of the most common malignancies worldwide, with a high risk of portal vein tumor thrombus (PVTT). Some promising results have been achieved for venous metastases of hepatocellular carcinoma; however, the etiology of PVTT is largely unknown, and it is unclear why the incidence of PVTT is not proportional to its distance from the carcinoma. We attempted to address this issue using physical concepts and mathematical tools. Finally, we discuss the relationship between the probability of a collision event and the microenvironment of the PVTT. Our formulae suggest that the collision probability can alter the tumor microenvironment by increasing the number of tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Xiong
- Department of Gastroenterology,Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences &Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
- * E-mail:
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88
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Xenograft models for normal and malignant stem cells. Blood 2015; 125:2630-40. [DOI: 10.1182/blood-2014-11-570218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2014] [Accepted: 03/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
The model systems available for studying human hematopoiesis, malignant hematopoiesis, and hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) function in vivo have improved dramatically over the last decade, primarily due to improvements in xenograft mouse strains. Several recent reviews have focused on the historic development of immunodeficient mice over the last 2 decades, as well as their use in understanding human HSC and leukemia stem cell (LSC) biology and function in the context of a humanized mouse. However, in the intervening time since these reviews, a number of new mouse models, technical approaches, and scientific advances have been made. In this review, we update the reader on the newest and best models and approaches available for studying human malignant and normal HSCs in immunodeficient mice, including newly developed mice for use in chemotherapy testing and improved techniques for humanizing mice without laborious purification of HSC. We also review some relevant scientific findings from xenograft studies and highlight the continued limitations that confront researchers working with human HSC and LSC in vivo.
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89
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Diaz MF, Li N, Lee HJ, Adamo L, Evans SM, Willey HE, Arora N, Torisawa YS, Vickers DA, Morris SA, Naveiras O, Murthy SK, Ingber DE, Daley GQ, García-Cardeña G, Wenzel PL. Biomechanical forces promote blood development through prostaglandin E2 and the cAMP-PKA signaling axis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 212:665-80. [PMID: 25870199 PMCID: PMC4419354 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20142235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2014] [Accepted: 03/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Blood flow promotes emergence of definitive hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) in the developing embryo, yet the signals generated by hemodynamic forces that influence hematopoietic potential remain poorly defined. Here we show that fluid shear stress endows long-term multilineage engraftment potential upon early hematopoietic tissues at embryonic day 9.5, an embryonic stage not previously described to harbor HSCs. Effects on hematopoiesis are mediated in part by a cascade downstream of wall shear stress that involves calcium efflux and stimulation of the prostaglandin E2 (PGE2)-cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)-protein kinase A (PKA) signaling axis. Blockade of the PGE2-cAMP-PKA pathway in the aorta-gonad-mesonephros (AGM) abolished enhancement in hematopoietic activity. Furthermore, Ncx1 heartbeat mutants, as well as static cultures of AGM, exhibit lower levels of expression of prostaglandin synthases and reduced phosphorylation of the cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB). Similar to flow-exposed cultures, transient treatment of AGM with the synthetic analogue 16,16-dimethyl-PGE2 stimulates more robust engraftment of adult recipients and greater lymphoid reconstitution. These data provide one mechanism by which biomechanical forces induced by blood flow modulate hematopoietic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel F Diaz
- Program in Children's Regenerative Medicine, Department of Pediatric Surgery, Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, and Immunology Program, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030 Program in Children's Regenerative Medicine, Department of Pediatric Surgery, Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, and Immunology Program, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030 Program in Children's Regenerative Medicine, Department of Pediatric Surgery, Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, and Immunology Program, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Nan Li
- Program in Children's Regenerative Medicine, Department of Pediatric Surgery, Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, and Immunology Program, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030 Program in Children's Regenerative Medicine, Department of Pediatric Surgery, Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, and Immunology Program, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030 Program in Children's Regenerative Medicine, Department of Pediatric Surgery, Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, and Immunology Program, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Hyun Jung Lee
- Program in Children's Regenerative Medicine, Department of Pediatric Surgery, Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, and Immunology Program, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030 Program in Children's Regenerative Medicine, Department of Pediatric Surgery, Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, and Immunology Program, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030 Program in Children's Regenerative Medicine, Department of Pediatric Surgery, Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, and Immunology Program, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Luigi Adamo
- Center for Excellence in Vascular Biology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Siobahn M Evans
- Program in Children's Regenerative Medicine, Department of Pediatric Surgery, Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, and Immunology Program, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030 Program in Children's Regenerative Medicine, Department of Pediatric Surgery, Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, and Immunology Program, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030 Program in Children's Regenerative Medicine, Department of Pediatric Surgery, Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, and Immunology Program, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Hannah E Willey
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Natasha Arora
- Stem Cell Transplantation Program, Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Children's Hospital Boston and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115 Stem Cell Transplantation Program, Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Children's Hospital Boston and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115 Stem Cell Transplantation Program, Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Children's Hospital Boston and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115 Stem Cell Transplantation Program, Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Children's Hospital Boston and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115 Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115 Harvard Stem Cell Institute and School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138
| | - Yu-Suke Torisawa
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute and School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138 Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University and Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115 Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University and Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Dwayne A Vickers
- Barnett Institute of Chemical and Biological Analysis, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Samantha A Morris
- Stem Cell Transplantation Program, Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Children's Hospital Boston and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115 Stem Cell Transplantation Program, Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Children's Hospital Boston and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115 Stem Cell Transplantation Program, Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Children's Hospital Boston and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115 Stem Cell Transplantation Program, Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Children's Hospital Boston and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115 Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115 Harvard Stem Cell Institute and School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138
| | - Olaia Naveiras
- Stem Cell Transplantation Program, Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Children's Hospital Boston and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115 Stem Cell Transplantation Program, Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Children's Hospital Boston and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115 Stem Cell Transplantation Program, Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Children's Hospital Boston and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115 Stem Cell Transplantation Program, Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Children's Hospital Boston and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115 Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115 Harvard Stem Cell Institute and School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138
| | - Shashi K Murthy
- Barnett Institute of Chemical and Biological Analysis, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Donald E Ingber
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute and School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138 Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University and Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115 Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University and Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - George Q Daley
- Stem Cell Transplantation Program, Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Children's Hospital Boston and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115 Stem Cell Transplantation Program, Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Children's Hospital Boston and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115 Stem Cell Transplantation Program, Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Children's Hospital Boston and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115 Stem Cell Transplantation Program, Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Children's Hospital Boston and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115 Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115 Harvard Stem Cell Institute and School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138
| | - Guillermo García-Cardeña
- Center for Excellence in Vascular Biology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115 Harvard Stem Cell Institute and School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138
| | - Pamela L Wenzel
- Program in Children's Regenerative Medicine, Department of Pediatric Surgery, Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, and Immunology Program, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030 Program in Children's Regenerative Medicine, Department of Pediatric Surgery, Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, and Immunology Program, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030 Program in Children's Regenerative Medicine, Department of Pediatric Surgery, Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, and Immunology Program, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030
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90
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Lafage-Proust MH, Roche B, Langer M, Cleret D, Vanden Bossche A, Olivier T, Vico L. Assessment of bone vascularization and its role in bone remodeling. BONEKEY REPORTS 2015; 4:662. [PMID: 25861447 DOI: 10.1038/bonekey.2015.29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2014] [Accepted: 02/04/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Bone is a composite organ that fulfils several interconnected functions, which may conflict with each other in pathological conditions. Bone vascularization is at the interface between these functions. The roles of bone vascularization are better documented in bone development, growth and modeling than in bone remodeling. However, every bone remodeling unit is associated with a capillary in both cortical and trabecular envelopes. Here we summarize the most recent data on vessel involvement in bone remodeling, and we present the characteristics of bone vascularization. Finally, we describe the various techniques used for bone vessel imaging and quantitative assessment, including histology, immunohistochemistry, microtomography and intravital microscopy. Studying the role of vascularization in adult bone should provide benefits for the understanding and treatment of metabolic bone diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Hélène Lafage-Proust
- Laboratoire de Biologie Intégrée du Tissu Osseux, INSERM U 1059 , Saint-Etienne, France ; Université de Lyon , Lyon, France
| | - Bernard Roche
- Laboratoire de Biologie Intégrée du Tissu Osseux, INSERM U 1059 , Saint-Etienne, France ; Université de Lyon , Lyon, France
| | - Max Langer
- Université de Lyon , Lyon, France ; CREATIS, CNRS UMR 5220-INSERM U1044 , Lyon, France
| | - Damien Cleret
- Laboratoire de Biologie Intégrée du Tissu Osseux, INSERM U 1059 , Saint-Etienne, France ; Université de Lyon , Lyon, France
| | - Arnaud Vanden Bossche
- Laboratoire de Biologie Intégrée du Tissu Osseux, INSERM U 1059 , Saint-Etienne, France ; Université de Lyon , Lyon, France
| | - Thomas Olivier
- Université de Lyon , Lyon, France ; Laboratoire Hubert Curien , Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Laurence Vico
- Laboratoire de Biologie Intégrée du Tissu Osseux, INSERM U 1059 , Saint-Etienne, France ; Université de Lyon , Lyon, France
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91
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Li N, Zhang L, An Y, Zhang L, Song Y, Wang Y, Tang H. Antagonist of prostaglandin E2 receptor 4 induces metabolic alterations in liver of mice. J Proteome Res 2015; 14:1566-73. [PMID: 25669961 DOI: 10.1021/pr501236y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Prostaglandin E2 receptor 4 (EP4) is one of the receptors for prostaglandin E2 and plays important roles in various biological functions. EP4 antagonists have been used as anti-inflammatory drugs. To investigate the effects of an EP4 antagonist (L-161982) on the endogenous metabolism in a holistic manner, we employed a mouse model, and obtained metabolic and transcriptomic profiles of multiple biological matrixes, including serum, liver, and urine of mice with and without EP4 antagonist (L-161982) exposure. We found that this EP4 antagonist caused significant changes in fatty acid metabolism, choline metabolism, and nucleotide metabolism. EP4 antagonist exposure also induced oxidative stress to mice. Our research is the first of its kind to report information on the alteration of metabolism associated with an EP4 antagonist. This information could further our understanding of current and new biological functions of EP4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Li
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Centre for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Wuhan, 430071, P. R. China
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92
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Hoggatt J, Speth JM, Pelus LM. Concise review: Sowing the seeds of a fruitful harvest: hematopoietic stem cell mobilization. Stem Cells 2015; 31:2599-606. [PMID: 24123398 DOI: 10.1002/stem.1574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2013] [Accepted: 05/06/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is the only curative option for a number of malignant and nonmalignant diseases. As the use of hematopoietic transplant has expanded, so too has the source of stem and progenitor cells. The predominate source of stem and progenitors today, particularly in settings of autologous transplantation, is mobilized peripheral blood. This review will highlight the historical advances which led to the widespread use of peripheral blood stem cells for transplantation, with a look toward future enhancements to mobilization strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Hoggatt
- Harvard University, Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Center for Regenerative Medicine, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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93
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Chang KH, Nayak RC, Roy S, Perumbeti A, Wellendorf AM, Bezold KY, Pirman M, Hill SE, Starnes J, Loberg A, Zhou X, Inagami T, Zheng Y, Malik P, Cancelas JA. Vasculopathy-associated hyperangiotensinemia mobilizes haematopoietic stem cells/progenitors through endothelial AT₂R and cytoskeletal dysregulation. Nat Commun 2015; 6:5914. [PMID: 25574809 PMCID: PMC4293039 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms6914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2014] [Accepted: 11/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients in organ failure of vascular origin have increased circulating hematopoietic stem cells and progenitors (HSC/P). Plasma levels of angiotensin II (Ang-II), are commonly increased in vasculopathies. Hyperangiotensinemia results in activation of a very distinct Ang-II receptor set, Rho-family GTPase members, and actin in bone marrow endothelial cells (BMEC) and HSC/P, which results in decreased membrane integrin activation in both BMEC and HSC/P, and in HSC/P de-adhesion and mobilization. The Ang-II effect can be reversed pharmacologically and genetically by inhibiting Ang-II production or signaling through BMEC AT2R, HSCP AT1R/AT2R or HSC/P RhoA, but not by interfering with other vascular tone mediators. Hyperangiotensinemia and high counts of circulating HSC/P seen in sickle cell disease (SCD) as a result of vascular damage, is significantly decreased by Ang-II inhibitors. Our data define for the first time the role of Ang-II HSC/P traffic regulation and redefine the hematopoietic consequences of anti-angiotensin therapy in SCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung Hee Chang
- 1] Hoxworth Blood Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 3130 Highland Avenue, Cincinnati, Ohio 45267, USA [2] Division of Experimental Hematology and Cell Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229, USA
| | - Ramesh C Nayak
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cell Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229, USA
| | - Swarnava Roy
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cell Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229, USA
| | - Ajay Perumbeti
- Hoxworth Blood Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 3130 Highland Avenue, Cincinnati, Ohio 45267, USA
| | - Ashley M Wellendorf
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cell Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229, USA
| | - Katie Y Bezold
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cell Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229, USA
| | - Megan Pirman
- Hoxworth Blood Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 3130 Highland Avenue, Cincinnati, Ohio 45267, USA
| | - Sarah E Hill
- Hoxworth Blood Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 3130 Highland Avenue, Cincinnati, Ohio 45267, USA
| | - Joseph Starnes
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cell Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229, USA
| | - Anastacia Loberg
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cell Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229, USA
| | - Xuan Zhou
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cell Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229, USA
| | - Tadashi Inagami
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, 1161 21st Avenue South, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, USA
| | - Yi Zheng
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cell Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229, USA
| | - Punam Malik
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cell Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229, USA
| | - Jose A Cancelas
- 1] Hoxworth Blood Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 3130 Highland Avenue, Cincinnati, Ohio 45267, USA [2] Division of Experimental Hematology and Cell Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229, USA
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94
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Richter R, Rüster B, Bistrian R, Forssmann WG, Seifried E, Henschler R. Beta-Chemokine CCL15 Affects the Adhesion and Migration of Hematopoietic Progenitor Cells. Transfus Med Hemother 2014; 42:29-37. [PMID: 25960713 DOI: 10.1159/000370168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2013] [Accepted: 01/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell (HPC) motility is essential for HPC transplantation. The chemokine CXCL12 is key for HPC motility. Further regulators are of interest to improve HPC transplantation and regenerative medicine. Here the impact of the human chemokine CCL15 on HPC motility was investigated. METHODS CCL15 plasma concentrations were determined during HPC mobilization in humans. Activity of CCL15 on HPCs was investigated in murine assays, including chemotaxis, adhesion, and CFU-A assays, and competitive repopulation assays. RESULTS During HPC mobilization with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, blood plasma contains increased concentrations (1.1 ± 0.1 ng/ml) of activated CCL15(27-92) versus 0.4 ± 0.1 ng/ml in controls (p = 0.02). CCL15(27-92) significantly enhanced CXCL12-induced transwell migration of Lin-/Sca1+ HPCs and strengthened shear stress-dependent adhesion to vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1). CCL15(27-92) dose-dependently reduced the colony size in CFU-A assays performed with murine bone marrow and Lin-/Sca1+ HPCs. CCL15(27-92) did not show a direct impact on cell cycle status of HPCs. In murine repopulation assays, pretreatment of bone marrow with CCL15(27-92) significantly increased competitive repopulation. CONCLUSION Our results point to a regulation of HPCs by CCL15 by modulating migratory and adhesive properties of HPCs with the potency to improve HPC short-term engraftment in stem cell transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rudolf Richter
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Immune Hematology, German Red Cross Blood Donor Center, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University Frankfurt/M., Germany ; Clinic of Immunology and Rheumatology, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
| | - Brigitte Rüster
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Immune Hematology, German Red Cross Blood Donor Center, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University Frankfurt/M., Germany
| | - Roxana Bistrian
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Immune Hematology, German Red Cross Blood Donor Center, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University Frankfurt/M., Germany
| | - Wolf-Georg Forssmann
- Clinic of Immunology and Rheumatology, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
| | - Erhard Seifried
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Immune Hematology, German Red Cross Blood Donor Center, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University Frankfurt/M., Germany
| | - Reinhard Henschler
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Immune Hematology, German Red Cross Blood Donor Center, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University Frankfurt/M., Germany
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95
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Blocking PGE2-induced tumour repopulation abrogates bladder cancer chemoresistance. Nature 2014; 517:209-13. [PMID: 25470039 DOI: 10.1038/nature14034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 441] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2013] [Accepted: 11/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cytotoxic chemotherapy is effective in debulking tumour masses initially; however, in some patients tumours become progressively unresponsive after multiple treatment cycles. Previous studies have demonstrated that cancer stem cells (CSCs) are selectively enriched after chemotherapy through enhanced survival. Here we reveal a new mechanism by which bladder CSCs actively contribute to therapeutic resistance via an unexpected proliferative response to repopulate residual tumours between chemotherapy cycles, using human bladder cancer xenografts. Further analyses demonstrate the recruitment of a quiescent label-retaining pool of CSCs into cell division in response to chemotherapy-induced damages, similar to mobilization of normal stem cells during wound repair. While chemotherapy effectively induces apoptosis, associated prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) release paradoxically promotes neighbouring CSC repopulation. This repopulation can be abrogated by a PGE2-neutralizing antibody and celecoxib drug-mediated blockade of PGE2 signalling. In vivo administration of the cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2) inhibitor celecoxib effectively abolishes a PGE2- and COX2-mediated wound response gene signature, and attenuates progressive manifestation of chemoresistance in xenograft tumours, including primary xenografts derived from a patient who was resistant to chemotherapy. Collectively, these findings uncover a new underlying mechanism that models the progressive development of clinical chemoresistance, and implicate an adjunctive therapy to enhance chemotherapeutic response of bladder urothelial carcinomas by abrogating early tumour repopulation.
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96
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Barrio L, Cuevas VD, Menta R, Mancheño-Corvo P, delaRosa O, Dalemans W, Lombardo E, Carrasco YR. Human adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stromal cells promote B-cell motility and chemoattraction. Cytotherapy 2014; 16:1692-9. [PMID: 25240680 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2014.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2014] [Revised: 07/03/2014] [Accepted: 07/31/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AIMS Mesenchymal stromal cells hold special interest for cell-based therapy because of their tissue-regenerative and immunosuppressive abilities. B-cell involvement in chronic inflammatory and autoimmune pathologies makes them a desirable target for cell-based therapy. Mesenchymal stromal cells are able to regulate B-cell function; although the mechanisms are little known, they imply cell-to-cell contact. METHODS We studied the ability of human adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (ASCs) to attract B cells. RESULTS We show that ASCs promote B-cell migration through the secretion of chemotactic factors. Inflammatory/innate signals do not modify ASC capacity to mediate B-cell motility and chemotaxis. Analysis of a panel of B cell-related chemokines showed that none of them appeared to be responsible for B-cell motility. Other ASC-secreted factors able to promote cell motility and chemotaxis, such as the cytokine interleukin-8 and prostaglandin E2, did not appear to be implicated. CONCLUSIONS We propose that ASC promotion of B-cell migration by undefined secreted factors is crucial for ASC regulation of B-cell responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Barrio
- B Cell Dynamics Laboratory, Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB)-CSIC, UAM-Campus Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain
| | - Victor Delgado Cuevas
- B Cell Dynamics Laboratory, Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB)-CSIC, UAM-Campus Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ramón Menta
- TiGenix SAU, Parque Tecnológico de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Olga delaRosa
- TiGenix SAU, Parque Tecnológico de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Yolanda R Carrasco
- B Cell Dynamics Laboratory, Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB)-CSIC, UAM-Campus Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain.
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97
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Inhibiting stromal cell heparan sulfate synthesis improves stem cell mobilization and enables engraftment without cytotoxic conditioning. Blood 2014; 124:2937-47. [PMID: 25202142 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2014-08-593426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The glycosyltransferase gene, Ext1, is essential for heparan sulfate production. Induced deletion of Ext1 selectively in Mx1-expressing bone marrow (BM) stromal cells, a known population of skeletal stem/progenitor cells, in adult mice resulted in marked changes in hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell (HSPC) localization. HSPC egressed from BM to spleen after Ext1 deletion. This was associated with altered signaling in the stromal cells and with reduced vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 production by them. Further, pharmacologic inhibition of heparan sulfate mobilized qualitatively more potent and quantitatively more HSPC from the BM than granulocyte colony-stimulating factor alone, including in a setting of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor resistance. The reduced presence of endogenous HSPC after Ext1 deletion was associated with engraftment of transfused HSPC without any toxic conditioning of the host. Therefore, inhibiting heparan sulfate production may provide a means for avoiding the toxicities of radiation or chemotherapy in HSPC transplantation for nonmalignant conditions.
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98
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El-Khuffash A, Jain A, Corcoran D, Shah PS, Hooper CW, Brown N, Poole SD, Shelton EL, Milne GL, Reese J, McNamara PJ. Efficacy of paracetamol on patent ductus arteriosus closure may be dose dependent: evidence from human and murine studies. Pediatr Res 2014; 76:238-44. [PMID: 24941212 PMCID: PMC4321957 DOI: 10.1038/pr.2014.82] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2013] [Accepted: 02/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We evaluated the clinical effectiveness of variable courses of paracetamol on patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) closure and examined its effect on the in vitro term and preterm murine ductus arteriosus (DA). METHODS Neonates received one of the following three paracetamol regimens: short course of oral paracetamol (SCOP), long course of oral paracetamol (LCOP), and intravenous paracetamol (IVP) for 2-6 d. Pressure myography was used to examine changes in vasomotor tone of the preterm and term mouse DA in response to paracetamol or indomethacin. Their effect on prostaglandin synthesis by DA explants was measured by mass spectroscopy. RESULTS Twenty-one preterm infants were included. No changes in PDA hemodynamics were seen in SCOP infants (n = 5). The PDA became less significant and eventually closed in six LCOP infants (n = 7). PDA closure was achieved in eight IVP infants (n = 9). On pressure myograph, paracetamol induced a concentration-dependent constriction of the term mouse DA, up to 30% of baseline (P < 0.01), but required >1 µmol/l. Indomethacin induced greater DA constriction and suppression of prostaglandin synthesis (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION The clinical efficacy of paracetamol on PDA closure may depend on the duration of treatment and the mode of administration. Paracetamol is less potent than indomethacin for constriction of the mouse DA in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amish Jain
- Department of Pediatrics, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - David Corcoran
- Department of Pediatrics, The Rotunda Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Prakesh S. Shah
- Department of Pediatrics, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Christopher W. Hooper
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Naoko Brown
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Stanley D. Poole
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Elaine L. Shelton
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Ginger L. Milne
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Jeff Reese
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Patrick J. McNamara
- Department of Neonatology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada,Department of Physiology and Experimental Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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99
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Getting more for your marrow: boosting hematopoietic stem cell numbers with PGE2. Exp Cell Res 2014; 329:220-6. [PMID: 25094063 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2014.07.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2014] [Accepted: 07/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Throughout the lifetime of an individual, hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) self-renew and differentiate into lineages that include erythrocytes, platelets and all immune cells. HSC transplantation offers a potentially curative treatment for a number of hematopoietic and non-hematopoietic malignancies as well as immune and genetic disorders. Limited availability of immune-matched donors reduces the viable options for many patients in need of HSC transplantation, particularly those of diverse racial and ethnic backgrounds. Due to rapid availability and less stringent immune-matching requirements, umbilical cord blood (UCB) has emerged as a valuable source of transplantable HSCs. A single UCB unit contains a suboptimal number of HSCs for treating larger children or adults and there has thus been great clinical interest in expanding UCB HSCs ex vivo for use in transplantation. In this review we discuss the latest research and future avenues for the therapeutic use of small lipid mediator dmPGE2 to expand HSC numbers for transplantation. Originally identified in a chemical screen in zebrafish, dmPGE2 has now advanced to a phase II clinical trial as a therapy for patients with leukemia and lymphoma who are undergoing UCB transplantation.
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100
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Fadini GP, Ferraro F, Quaini F, Asahara T, Madeddu P. Concise review: diabetes, the bone marrow niche, and impaired vascular regeneration. Stem Cells Transl Med 2014; 3:949-57. [PMID: 24944206 PMCID: PMC4116251 DOI: 10.5966/sctm.2014-0052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2014] [Accepted: 05/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a global health problem that results in multiorgan complications leading to high morbidity and mortality. Until recently, the effects of diabetes and hyperglycemia on the bone marrow microenvironment-a site where multiple organ systems converge and communicate-have been underappreciated. However, several new studies in mice, rats, and humans reveal that diabetes leads to multiple bone marrow microenvironmental defects, such as small vessel disease (microangiopathy), nerve terminal pauperization (neuropathy), and impaired stem cell mobilization (mobilopathy). The discovery that diabetes involves bone marrow-derived progenitors implicated in maintaining cardiovascular homeostasis has been proposed as a bridging mechanism between micro- and macroangiopathy in distant organs. Herein, we review the physiological and molecular bone marrow abnormalities associated with diabetes and discuss how bone marrow dysfunction represents a potential root for the development of the multiorgan failure characteristic of advanced diabetes. The notion of diabetes as a bone marrow and stem cell disease opens new avenues for therapeutic interventions ultimately aimed at improving the outcome of diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gian Paolo Fadini
- Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy; Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padova, Italy; Pennsylvania Hospital, University of Pennsylvania Health System, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Parma, Parma, Italy; Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Basic Clinical Science, Tokai University, Tokyo, Japan; Regenerative Medicine Section, Bristol Heart Institute, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Francesca Ferraro
- Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy; Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padova, Italy; Pennsylvania Hospital, University of Pennsylvania Health System, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Parma, Parma, Italy; Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Basic Clinical Science, Tokai University, Tokyo, Japan; Regenerative Medicine Section, Bristol Heart Institute, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Federico Quaini
- Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy; Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padova, Italy; Pennsylvania Hospital, University of Pennsylvania Health System, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Parma, Parma, Italy; Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Basic Clinical Science, Tokai University, Tokyo, Japan; Regenerative Medicine Section, Bristol Heart Institute, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Takayuki Asahara
- Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy; Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padova, Italy; Pennsylvania Hospital, University of Pennsylvania Health System, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Parma, Parma, Italy; Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Basic Clinical Science, Tokai University, Tokyo, Japan; Regenerative Medicine Section, Bristol Heart Institute, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Paolo Madeddu
- Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy; Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padova, Italy; Pennsylvania Hospital, University of Pennsylvania Health System, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Parma, Parma, Italy; Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Basic Clinical Science, Tokai University, Tokyo, Japan; Regenerative Medicine Section, Bristol Heart Institute, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
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