51
|
Abiko LA, Dias Teixeira R, Engilberge S, Grahl A, Mühlethaler T, Sharpe T, Grzesiek S. Filling of a water-free void explains the allosteric regulation of the β 1-adrenergic receptor by cholesterol. Nat Chem 2022; 14:1133-1141. [PMID: 35953642 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-022-01009-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Recent high-pressure NMR results indicate that the preactive conformation of the β1-adrenergic receptor (β1AR) harbours completely empty cavities of ~100 Å3 volume, which disappear in the active conformation of the receptor. Here we have localized these cavities using X-ray crystallography of xenon-derivatized β1AR crystals. One of the cavities is in direct contact with the cholesterol-binding pocket. Solution NMR shows that addition of the cholesterol analogue cholesteryl hemisuccinate impedes the formation of the active conformation of detergent-solubilized β1AR by blocking conserved G protein-coupled receptor microswitches, concomitant with an affinity reduction of both isoprenaline and G protein-mimicking nanobody Nb80 for β1AR detected by isothermal titration calorimetry. This wedge-like action explains the function of cholesterol as a negative allosteric modulator of β1AR. A detailed understanding of G protein-coupled receptor regulation by cholesterol by filling of a dry void and the easy scouting for such voids by xenon may provide new routes for the development of allosteric drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sylvain Engilberge
- Paul Scherrer Institut, Villigen, Switzerland.,European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Grenoble, France
| | - Anne Grahl
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
52
|
Tian R, Yin J, Yao Q, Wang T, Chen J, Liang Q, Li Q, Zhao X. Development of an Allostery Responsive Chromatographic Method for Screening Potential Allosteric Modulator of Beta2-adrenoceptor from a Natural Product-Derived DNA-Encoded Chemical Library. Anal Chem 2022; 94:9048-9057. [PMID: 35695812 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c01210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Allosteric ligands are promising drugs owing to their remote regulations of the orthosteric ligand signaling pathway. There are few allosteric ligands due to the lack of handy and efficacious method for the screening. Herein, we developed an affinity chromatographic method for allosteric ligand screening by immobilizing purified beta2 adrenoceptor (β2-AR) onto macroporous silica gel by a two-point tethering method. The method relies on the occupation of the orthosteric site by an antagonist and the chelation of N-terminal His-tag of the receptor and Ni2+ coated on the gel. The immobilized β2-AR demonstrated the greatest allosteric responsive feature when Cmpd-15 (0.25 μM) was included in the mobile phase. Under the same conditions, the association constants of three agonists (salbutamol, terbutaline, and tulobuterol) reduced to 47%, 19%, and 27% compared with the data without the inclusion of Cmpd-15 in the mobile phase. APF was screened as a potential allosteric modulator of β2-AR by applying the immobilized receptor in a natural product-derived DNA-encoded chemical library (DEL). Relying on these results, we reasoned that the current method has potential in screening allosteric ligands of the receptor. We expect that it is applicable for the discovery of new allosteric binding sites of a target protein and screening allosteric modulators of the other receptors from complex samples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rui Tian
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Jiatai Yin
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Qingqing Yao
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Taotao Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Jiahuan Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Qi Liang
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Qian Li
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Xinfeng Zhao
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| |
Collapse
|
53
|
A time-coded multi-concentration microfluidic chemical waveform generator for high-throughput probing suspension single-cell signaling. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2021.09.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
|
54
|
Mahmood A, Iqbal J. Purinergic receptors modulators: An emerging pharmacological tool for disease management. Med Res Rev 2022; 42:1661-1703. [PMID: 35561109 DOI: 10.1002/med.21888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Purinergic signaling is mediated through extracellular nucleotides (adenosine 5'-triphosphate, uridine-5'-triphosphate, adenosine diphosphate, uridine-5'-diphosphate, and adenosine) that serve as signaling molecules. In the early 1990s, purines and pyrimidine receptors were cloned and characterized drawing the attention of scientists toward this aspect of cellular signaling. This signaling pathway is comprised of four subtypes of adenosine receptors (P1), eight subtypes of G-coupled protein receptors (P2YRs), and seven subtypes of ligand-gated ionotropic receptors (P2XRs). In current studies, the pathophysiology and therapeutic potentials of these receptors have been focused on. Various ligands, modulating the functions of purinergic receptors, are in current clinical practices for the treatment of various neurodegenerative disorders and cardiovascular diseases. Moreover, several purinergic receptors ligands are in advanced phases of clinical trials as a remedy for depression, epilepsy, autism, osteoporosis, atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction, diabetes, irritable bowel syndrome, and cancers. In the present study, agonists and antagonists of purinergic receptors have been summarized that may serve as pharmacological tools for drug design and development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abid Mahmood
- Centre for Advanced Drug Research, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad, Pakistan
| | - Jamshed Iqbal
- Centre for Advanced Drug Research, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
55
|
Chen H, Huang W, Li X. Structures of oxysterol sensor EBI2/GPR183, a key regulator of the immune response. Structure 2022; 30:1016-1024.e5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2022.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
|
56
|
Neumann A, Attah I, Al-Hroub H, Namasivayam V, Müller CE. Discovery of P2Y 2 Receptor Antagonist Scaffolds through Virtual High-Throughput Screening. J Chem Inf Model 2022; 62:1538-1549. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.1c01235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Neumann
- PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical Sciences Bonn (PSB), Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Chemistry, University of Bonn, 53121 Bonn, Germany
- Research Training Group 1873, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Isaac Attah
- PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical Sciences Bonn (PSB), Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Chemistry, University of Bonn, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Haneen Al-Hroub
- PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical Sciences Bonn (PSB), Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Chemistry, University of Bonn, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Vigneshwaran Namasivayam
- PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical Sciences Bonn (PSB), Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Chemistry, University of Bonn, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Christa E. Müller
- PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical Sciences Bonn (PSB), Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Chemistry, University of Bonn, 53121 Bonn, Germany
- Research Training Group 1873, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
57
|
Díaz-Muñoz M, Hernández-Muñoz R, Butanda-Ochoa A. Structure-activity features of purines and their receptors: implications in cell physiopathology. MOLECULAR BIOMEDICINE 2022; 3:5. [PMID: 35079944 PMCID: PMC8789959 DOI: 10.1186/s43556-022-00068-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The purine molecular structure consists of fused pyrimidine and imidazole rings. Purines are main pieces that conform the structure of nucleic acids which rule the inheritance processes. Purines also work as metabolic intermediates in different cell functions and as messengers in the signaling pathways throughout cellular communication. Purines, mainly ATP and adenosine (ADO), perform their functional and pharmacological properties because of their structural/chemical characteristics that make them either targets of mutagenesis, mother frameworks for designing molecules with controlled effects (e.g. anti-cancer), or chemical donors (e.g., of methyl groups, which represent a potential chemoprotective action against cancer). Purines functions also come from their effect on specific receptors, channel-linked and G-protein coupled for ATP, and exclusively G-coupled receptors for ADO (also known as ADORAs), which are involved in cell signaling pathways, there, purines work as chemical messengers with autocrine, paracrine, and endocrine actions that regulate cell metabolism and immune response in tumor progression which depends on the receptor types involved in these signals. Purines also have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties and participate in the cell energy homeostasis. Therefore, purine physiology is important for a variety of functions relevant to cellular health; thus, when these molecules present a homeostatic imbalance, the stability and survival of the cellular systems become compromised.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mauricio Díaz-Muñoz
- Departamento de Neurobiología Celular Y Molecular, Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, UNAM, Boulevard Juriquilla 3001, C.P. 76230, Juriquilla, Querétaro, México
| | - Rolando Hernández-Muñoz
- Departamento de Biología Celular Y Desarrollo, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, UNAM, Ciudad Universitaria/Circuito Exterior, C.P. 04510, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Armando Butanda-Ochoa
- Departamento de Biología Celular Y Desarrollo, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, UNAM, Ciudad Universitaria/Circuito Exterior, C.P. 04510, Ciudad de México, México.
| |
Collapse
|
58
|
Abstract
Lysophospholipids, exemplified by lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) and sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P), are produced by the metabolism and perturbation of biological membranes. Both molecules are established extracellular lipid mediators that signal via specific G protein-coupled receptors in vertebrates. This widespread signaling axis regulates the development, physiological functions, and pathological processes of all organ systems. Indeed, recent research into LPA and S1P has revealed their important roles in cellular stress signaling, inflammation, resolution, and host defense responses. In this review, we focus on how LPA regulates fibrosis, neuropathic pain, abnormal angiogenesis, endometriosis, and disorders of neuroectodermal development such as hydrocephalus and alopecia. In addition, we discuss how S1P controls collective behavior, apoptotic cell clearance, and immunosurveillance of cancers. Advances in lysophospholipid research have led to new therapeutics in autoimmune diseases, with many more in earlier stages of development for a wide variety of diseases, such as fibrotic disorders, vascular diseases, and cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kuniyuki Kano
- Department of Health Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan; , .,AMED-LEAP, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Tokyo 100-0004, Japan
| | - Junken Aoki
- Department of Health Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan; , .,AMED-LEAP, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Tokyo 100-0004, Japan
| | - Timothy Hla
- Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA; .,Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| |
Collapse
|
59
|
Zimmermann A, Vu O, Brüser A, Sliwoski G, Marnett LJ, Meiler J, Schöneberg T. Mapping the binding sites of UDP and prostaglandin E2 glyceryl ester in the nucleotide receptor P2Y6. ChemMedChem 2022; 17:e202100683. [PMID: 35034430 PMCID: PMC9305961 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202100683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Cyclooxygenase‐2 catalyzes the biosynthesis of prostaglandins from arachidonic acid and the biosynthesis of prostaglandin glycerol esters (PG‐Gs) from 2‐arachidonoylglycerol. PG‐Gs are mediators of several biological actions such as macrophage activation, hyperalgesia, synaptic plasticity, and intraocular pressure. Recently, the human UDP receptor P2Y6 was identified as a target for the prostaglandin E2 glycerol ester (PGE2‐G). Here, we show that UDP and PGE2‐G are evolutionary conserved endogenous agonists at vertebrate P2Y6 orthologs. Using sequence comparison of P2Y6 orthologs, homology modeling, and ligand docking studies, we proposed several receptor positions participating in agonist binding. Site‐directed mutagenesis and functional analysis of these P2Y6 mutants revealed that both UDP and PGE2‐G share in parts one ligand‐binding site. Thus, the convergent signaling of these two chemically very different agonists has already been manifested in the evolutionary design of the ligand‐binding pocket.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anne Zimmermann
- Leipzig University: Universitat Leipzig Rudolf Schönheimer Institute of Biochemistry GERMANY
| | - Oanh Vu
- Vanderbilt University Department of Chemistry UNITED STATES
| | - Antje Brüser
- Leipzig University: Universitat Leipzig Rudolf Schönheimer Institute of Biochemistry GERMANY
| | - Gregory Sliwoski
- Vanderbilt University School of Medicine Department of Biomedical Informatics UNITED STATES
| | - Lawrence J. Marnett
- Vanderbilt University School of Medicine Department of Biochemistry UNITED STATES
| | - Jens Meiler
- Leipzig University: Universitat Leipzig Institute of Drug discovery GERMANY
| | - Torsten Schöneberg
- Leipzig University: Universitat Leipzig Rudolf Schönheimer Institute of Biochemistry Johannisallee 30 04103 Leipzig GERMANY
| |
Collapse
|
60
|
Rodríguez L, Mendez D, Montecino H, Carrasco B, Arevalo B, Palomo I, Fuentes E. Role of Phaseolus vulgaris L. in the Prevention of Cardiovascular Diseases-Cardioprotective Potential of Bioactive Compounds. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:186. [PMID: 35050073 PMCID: PMC8779353 DOI: 10.3390/plants11020186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/01/2022] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
In terms of safe and healthy food, beans play a relevant role. This crop belongs to the species of Phaseolusvulgaris L., being the most consumed legume worldwide, both for poor and developed countries, the latter seek to direct their diet to healthy feeding, mainly low in fat. Phaseolus vulgaris L. stands out in this area-an important source of protein, vitamins, essential minerals, soluble fiber, starch, phytochemicals, and low in fat from foods. This species has been attributed many beneficial properties for health; it has effects on the circulatory system, immune system, digestive system, among others. It has been suggested that Phaseolus vulgaris L. has a relevant role in the prevention of cardiovascular events, the main cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. Conversely, the decrease in the consumption of this legume has been related to an increase in the prevalence of cardiovascular diseases. This review will allow us to relate the nutritional level of this species with cardiovascular events, based on the correlation of the main bioactive compounds and their role as cardiovascular protectors, in addition to revealing the main mechanisms that explain the cardioprotective effects regulated by the bioactive components.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lyanne Rodríguez
- Thrombosis Research Center, Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunohematology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical Technology School, Universidad de Talca, Talca 3460000, Chile; (L.R.); (D.M.); (H.M.)
| | - Diego Mendez
- Thrombosis Research Center, Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunohematology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical Technology School, Universidad de Talca, Talca 3460000, Chile; (L.R.); (D.M.); (H.M.)
| | - Hector Montecino
- Thrombosis Research Center, Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunohematology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical Technology School, Universidad de Talca, Talca 3460000, Chile; (L.R.); (D.M.); (H.M.)
| | - Basilio Carrasco
- Centro de Estudios en Alimentos Procesados, Talca 3460000, Chile; (B.C.); (B.A.)
| | - Barbara Arevalo
- Centro de Estudios en Alimentos Procesados, Talca 3460000, Chile; (B.C.); (B.A.)
| | - Iván Palomo
- Thrombosis Research Center, Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunohematology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical Technology School, Universidad de Talca, Talca 3460000, Chile; (L.R.); (D.M.); (H.M.)
| | - Eduardo Fuentes
- Thrombosis Research Center, Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunohematology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical Technology School, Universidad de Talca, Talca 3460000, Chile; (L.R.); (D.M.); (H.M.)
| |
Collapse
|
61
|
Dickson CJ, Hornak V, Duca JS. Relative Binding Free-Energy Calculations at Lipid-Exposed Sites: Deciphering Hot Spots. J Chem Inf Model 2021; 61:5923-5930. [PMID: 34843243 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.1c01147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Relative binding free-energy (RBFE) calculations are experiencing resurgence in the computer-aided drug design of novel small molecules due to performance gains allowed by cutting-edge molecular mechanic force fields and computer hardware. Application of RBFE to soluble proteins is becoming a routine, while recent studies outline necessary steps to successfully apply RBFE at the orthosteric site of membrane-embedded G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). In this work, we apply RBFE to a congeneric series of antagonists that bind to a lipid-exposed, extra-helical site of the P2Y1 receptor. We find promising performance of RBFE, such that it may be applied in a predictive manner on drug discovery programs targeting lipid-exposed sites. Further, by the application of the microkinetic model, binding at a lipid-exposed site can be split into (1) membrane partitioning of the drug molecule followed by (2) binding at the extra-helical site. We find that RBFE can be applied to calculate the free energy of each step, allowing the uncoupling of observed binding free energy from the influence of membrane affinity. This protocol may be used to identify binding hot spots at extra-helical sites and guide drug discovery programs toward optimizing intrinsic activity at the target.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Callum J Dickson
- Computer-Aided Drug Discovery, Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 181 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Viktor Hornak
- Computer-Aided Drug Discovery, Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 181 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Jose S Duca
- Computer-Aided Drug Discovery, Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 181 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| |
Collapse
|
62
|
Wu Z, He K, Chen Y, Li H, Pan S, Li B, Liu T, Xi F, Deng F, Wang H, Du J, Jing M, Li Y. A sensitive GRAB sensor for detecting extracellular ATP in vitro and in vivo. Neuron 2021; 110:770-782.e5. [PMID: 34942116 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2021.11.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The purinergic transmitter ATP (adenosine 5'-triphosphate) plays an essential role in both the central and peripheral nervous systems, and the ability to directly measure extracellular ATP in real time will increase our understanding of its physiological functions. Here, we developed a sensitive GPCR activation-based ATP sensor called GRABATP1.0, with a robust fluorescence response to extracellular ATP when expressed in several cell types. This sensor has sub-second kinetics, has ATP affinity in the range of tens of nanomolar, and can be used to localize ATP release with subcellular resolution. Using this sensor, we monitored ATP release under a variety of in vitro and in vivo conditions, including stimuli-induced and spontaneous ATP release in primary hippocampal cultures, injury-induced ATP release in a zebrafish model, and lipopolysaccharides-induced ATP-release events in individual astrocytes in the mouse cortex. Thus, the GRABATP1.0 sensor is a sensitive, versatile tool for monitoring ATP release and dynamics under both physiological and pathophysiological conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhaofa Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Peking University School of Life Sciences, Beijing 100871, China; PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing 100871, China.
| | - Kaikai He
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Peking University School of Life Sciences, Beijing 100871, China; PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yue Chen
- Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Hongyu Li
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yue-Yang Road, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Sunlei Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Peking University School of Life Sciences, Beijing 100871, China; PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing 100871, China; Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Bohan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Peking University School of Life Sciences, Beijing 100871, China; PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Tingting Liu
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yue-Yang Road, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Fengxue Xi
- Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing 102206, China; School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Fei Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Peking University School of Life Sciences, Beijing 100871, China; PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Huan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Peking University School of Life Sciences, Beijing 100871, China; PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jiulin Du
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yue-Yang Road, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Miao Jing
- Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Yulong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Peking University School of Life Sciences, Beijing 100871, China; PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing 100871, China; Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing 102206, China.
| |
Collapse
|
63
|
Ballante F, Kooistra AJ, Kampen S, de Graaf C, Carlsson J. Structure-Based Virtual Screening for Ligands of G Protein-Coupled Receptors: What Can Molecular Docking Do for You? Pharmacol Rev 2021; 73:527-565. [PMID: 34907092 DOI: 10.1124/pharmrev.120.000246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) constitute the largest family of membrane proteins in the human genome and are important therapeutic targets. During the last decade, the number of atomic-resolution structures of GPCRs has increased rapidly, providing insights into drug binding at the molecular level. These breakthroughs have created excitement regarding the potential of using structural information in ligand design and initiated a new era of rational drug discovery for GPCRs. The molecular docking method is now widely applied to model the three-dimensional structures of GPCR-ligand complexes and screen for chemical probes in large compound libraries. In this review article, we first summarize the current structural coverage of the GPCR superfamily and the understanding of receptor-ligand interactions at atomic resolution. We then present the general workflow of structure-based virtual screening and strategies to discover GPCR ligands in chemical libraries. We assess the state of the art of this research field by summarizing prospective applications of virtual screening based on experimental structures. Strategies to identify compounds with specific efficacy and selectivity profiles are discussed, illustrating the opportunities and limitations of the molecular docking method. Our overview shows that structure-based virtual screening can discover novel leads and will be essential in pursuing the next generation of GPCR drugs. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Extraordinary advances in the structural biology of G protein-coupled receptors have revealed the molecular details of ligand recognition by this large family of therapeutic targets, providing novel avenues for rational drug design. Structure-based docking is an efficient computational approach to identify novel chemical probes from large compound libraries, which has the potential to accelerate the development of drug candidates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Flavio Ballante
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden (F.B., S.K., J.C.); Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark (A.J.K.); and Sosei Heptares, Steinmetz Building, Granta Park, Great Abington, Cambridge, United Kingdom (C.d.G.)
| | - Albert J Kooistra
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden (F.B., S.K., J.C.); Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark (A.J.K.); and Sosei Heptares, Steinmetz Building, Granta Park, Great Abington, Cambridge, United Kingdom (C.d.G.)
| | - Stefanie Kampen
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden (F.B., S.K., J.C.); Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark (A.J.K.); and Sosei Heptares, Steinmetz Building, Granta Park, Great Abington, Cambridge, United Kingdom (C.d.G.)
| | - Chris de Graaf
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden (F.B., S.K., J.C.); Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark (A.J.K.); and Sosei Heptares, Steinmetz Building, Granta Park, Great Abington, Cambridge, United Kingdom (C.d.G.)
| | - Jens Carlsson
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden (F.B., S.K., J.C.); Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark (A.J.K.); and Sosei Heptares, Steinmetz Building, Granta Park, Great Abington, Cambridge, United Kingdom (C.d.G.)
| |
Collapse
|
64
|
Chen J, Campbell AP, Wakelin LPG, Finch AM. Characterisation of bis(4-aminoquinoline)s as α 1A adrenoceptor allosteric modulators. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 916:174659. [PMID: 34871559 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The development of sub-type selective α1 adrenoceptor ligands has been hampered by the high sequence similarity of the amino acids forming the orthosteric binding pocket of the three α1 adrenoceptor subtypes, along with other biogenic amine receptors. One possible approach to overcome this issue is to target allosteric sites on the α1 adrenoceptors. Previous docking studies suggested that one of the quinoline moieties of a bis(4-aminoquinoline), comprising a 9-carbon methylene linker attached via the amine groups, could interact with residues outside of the orthosteric binding site while, simultaneously, the other quinoline moiety bound within the orthosteric site. We therefore hypothesized that this compound could act in a bitopic manner, displaying both orthosteric and allosteric binding properties. To test this proposition, we investigated the allosteric activity of a series of bis(4-aminoquinoline)s with linker lengths ranging from 2 to 12 methylene units (designated C2-C12). A linear trend of increasing [3H]prazosin dissociation rate with increasing linker length between C7 and C11 was observed, confirming their action as allosteric modulators. These data suggest that the optimal linker length for the bis(4-aminoquinoline)s to occupy the allosteric site of the α1A adrenoceptor is between 7 and 11 methylene units. In addition, the ability of C9 bis(4-aminoquinoline) to modulate the activation of the α1A adrenoceptor by norepinephrine was subsequently examined, showing that C9 acted as a non-competitive antagonist. Our findings indicate that the bis(4-aminoquinolines) are acting as allosteric modulators of orthosteric ligand binding, but not efficacy, in a bitopic manner.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junli Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Australia, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Adrian P Campbell
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Australia, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Laurence P G Wakelin
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Australia, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Angela M Finch
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Australia, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
65
|
Ciancetta A, Gill AK, Ding T, Karlov DS, Chalhoub G, McCormick PJ, Tikhonova IG. Probe Confined Dynamic Mapping for G Protein-Coupled Receptor Allosteric Site Prediction. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2021; 7:1847-1862. [PMID: 34841058 PMCID: PMC8614102 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.1c00802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Targeting G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) through allosteric sites offers advantages over orthosteric sites in identifying drugs with increased selectivity and potentially reduced side effects. In this study, we developed a probe confined dynamic mapping protocol that allows the prediction of allosteric sites at both the GPCR extracellular and intracellular sides, as well as at the receptor-lipid interface. The applied harmonic wall potential enhanced sampling of probe molecules in a selected area of a GPCR while preventing membrane distortion in molecular dynamics simulations. The specific probes derived from GPCR allosteric ligand structures performed better in allosteric site mapping compared to commonly used cosolvents. The M2 muscarinic, β2 adrenergic, and P2Y1 purinergic receptors were selected for the protocol's retrospective validation. The protocol was next validated prospectively to locate the binding site of [5-fluoro-4-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methoxyphenyl]-(4-fluoro-1H-indol-1-yl)methanone at the D2 dopamine receptor, and subsequent mutagenesis confirmed the prediction. The protocol provides fast and efficient prediction of key amino acid residues surrounding allosteric sites in membrane proteins and facilitates the structure-based design of allosteric modulators.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Ciancetta
- School
of Pharmacy, Medical Biology Centre, Queen’s
University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland BT9 7BL, U.K.
| | - Amandeep Kaur Gill
- Centre
for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Bart’s
and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen
Mary, University of London, London, EC1M 6BQ, U.K.
| | - Tianyi Ding
- School
of Pharmacy, Medical Biology Centre, Queen’s
University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland BT9 7BL, U.K.
| | - Dmitry S. Karlov
- School
of Pharmacy, Medical Biology Centre, Queen’s
University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland BT9 7BL, U.K.
| | - George Chalhoub
- Centre
for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Bart’s
and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen
Mary, University of London, London, EC1M 6BQ, U.K.
| | - Peter J. McCormick
- Centre
for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Bart’s
and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen
Mary, University of London, London, EC1M 6BQ, U.K.
| | - Irina G. Tikhonova
- School
of Pharmacy, Medical Biology Centre, Queen’s
University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland BT9 7BL, U.K.
| |
Collapse
|
66
|
Jacobson KA, Salmaso V, Suresh RR, Tosh DK. Expanding the repertoire of methanocarba nucleosides from purinergic signaling to diverse targets. RSC Med Chem 2021; 12:1808-1825. [PMID: 34825182 PMCID: PMC8597424 DOI: 10.1039/d1md00167a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Nucleoside derivatives are well represented as pharmaceuticals due to their druglike physicochemical properties, and some nucleoside drugs are designed to act on receptors. The purinergic signaling pathways for extracellular nucleosides and nucleotides, consisting of adenosine receptors, P2Y/P2X receptors for nucleotides, and enzymes such as adenosine (ribo)kinase, have been extensively studied. A general modification, i.e. a constrained, bicyclic ring system (bicyclo[3.1.0]hexane, also called methanocarba) substituted in place of a furanose ring, can increase nucleoside/nucleotide potency and/or selectivity at purinergic and antiviral targets and in interactions at diverse and unconventional targets. Compared to other common drug discovery scaffolds containing planar rings, methanocarba nucleosides display greater sp3 character (i.e. more favorable as drug-like molecules) and can manifest as sterically-constrained North (N) or South (S) conformations. Initially weak, off-target interactions of (N)-methanocarba adenosine derivatives were detected as leads that were structurally optimized to enhance activity and selectivity toward target proteins that normally do not recognize nucleosides. By this approach, novel modulators for 5HT2 serotonin and κ-opioid receptors, dopamine (DAT) and ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters were found, and previously undetected antiviral activities were revealed. Thus, through methanocarba nucleoside synthesis, structure-activity relationships, and multi-target pharmacology, a robust purinergic receptor scaffold has been repurposed to satisfy the pharmacophoric requirements of various GPCRs, enzymes and transporters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth A Jacobson
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes & Digestive & Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health Bethesda MD 20892-0810 USA +301 480 8422 +301 496 9024
| | - Veronica Salmaso
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes & Digestive & Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health Bethesda MD 20892-0810 USA +301 480 8422 +301 496 9024
| | - R Rama Suresh
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes & Digestive & Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health Bethesda MD 20892-0810 USA +301 480 8422 +301 496 9024
| | - Dilip K Tosh
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes & Digestive & Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health Bethesda MD 20892-0810 USA +301 480 8422 +301 496 9024
| |
Collapse
|
67
|
Kricker JA, Page CP, Gardarsson FR, Baldursson O, Gudjonsson T, Parnham MJ. Nonantimicrobial Actions of Macrolides: Overview and Perspectives for Future Development. Pharmacol Rev 2021; 73:233-262. [PMID: 34716226 DOI: 10.1124/pharmrev.121.000300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrolides are among the most widely prescribed broad spectrum antibacterials, particularly for respiratory infections. It is now recognized that these drugs, in particular azithromycin, also exert time-dependent immunomodulatory actions that contribute to their therapeutic benefit in both infectious and other chronic inflammatory diseases. Their increased chronic use in airway inflammation and, more recently, of azithromycin in COVID-19, however, has led to a rise in bacterial resistance. An additional crucial aspect of chronic airway inflammation, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, as well as other inflammatory disorders, is the loss of epithelial barrier protection against pathogens and pollutants. In recent years, azithromycin has been shown with time to enhance the barrier properties of airway epithelial cells, an action that makes an important contribution to its therapeutic efficacy. In this article, we review the background and evidence for various immunomodulatory and time-dependent actions of macrolides on inflammatory processes and on the epithelium and highlight novel nonantibacterial macrolides that are being studied for immunomodulatory and barrier-strengthening properties to circumvent the risk of bacterial resistance that occurs with macrolide antibacterials. We also briefly review the clinical effects of macrolides in respiratory and other inflammatory diseases associated with epithelial injury and propose that the beneficial epithelial effects of nonantibacterial azithromycin derivatives in chronic inflammation, even given prophylactically, are likely to gain increasing attention in the future. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Based on its immunomodulatory properties and ability to enhance the protective role of the lung epithelium against pathogens, azithromycin has proven superior to other macrolides in treating chronic respiratory inflammation. A nonantibiotic azithromycin derivative is likely to offer prophylactic benefits against inflammation and epithelial damage of differing causes while preserving the use of macrolides as antibiotics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer A Kricker
- EpiEndo Pharmaceuticals, Reykjavik, Iceland (J.A.K., C.P.P., F.R.G., O.B., T.G., M.J.P.); Stem Cell Research Unit, Biomedical Center, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland (J.A.K., T.G.); Sackler Institute of Pulmonary Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, London, United Kingdom (C.P.P.); Department of Respiratory Medicine (O.B.), Department of Laboratory Hematology (T.G.), Landspitali-University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland; Faculty of Biochemistry, Chemistry and Pharmacy, JW Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, Germany (M.J.P.)
| | - Clive P Page
- EpiEndo Pharmaceuticals, Reykjavik, Iceland (J.A.K., C.P.P., F.R.G., O.B., T.G., M.J.P.); Stem Cell Research Unit, Biomedical Center, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland (J.A.K., T.G.); Sackler Institute of Pulmonary Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, London, United Kingdom (C.P.P.); Department of Respiratory Medicine (O.B.), Department of Laboratory Hematology (T.G.), Landspitali-University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland; Faculty of Biochemistry, Chemistry and Pharmacy, JW Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, Germany (M.J.P.)
| | - Fridrik Runar Gardarsson
- EpiEndo Pharmaceuticals, Reykjavik, Iceland (J.A.K., C.P.P., F.R.G., O.B., T.G., M.J.P.); Stem Cell Research Unit, Biomedical Center, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland (J.A.K., T.G.); Sackler Institute of Pulmonary Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, London, United Kingdom (C.P.P.); Department of Respiratory Medicine (O.B.), Department of Laboratory Hematology (T.G.), Landspitali-University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland; Faculty of Biochemistry, Chemistry and Pharmacy, JW Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, Germany (M.J.P.)
| | - Olafur Baldursson
- EpiEndo Pharmaceuticals, Reykjavik, Iceland (J.A.K., C.P.P., F.R.G., O.B., T.G., M.J.P.); Stem Cell Research Unit, Biomedical Center, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland (J.A.K., T.G.); Sackler Institute of Pulmonary Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, London, United Kingdom (C.P.P.); Department of Respiratory Medicine (O.B.), Department of Laboratory Hematology (T.G.), Landspitali-University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland; Faculty of Biochemistry, Chemistry and Pharmacy, JW Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, Germany (M.J.P.)
| | - Thorarinn Gudjonsson
- EpiEndo Pharmaceuticals, Reykjavik, Iceland (J.A.K., C.P.P., F.R.G., O.B., T.G., M.J.P.); Stem Cell Research Unit, Biomedical Center, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland (J.A.K., T.G.); Sackler Institute of Pulmonary Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, London, United Kingdom (C.P.P.); Department of Respiratory Medicine (O.B.), Department of Laboratory Hematology (T.G.), Landspitali-University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland; Faculty of Biochemistry, Chemistry and Pharmacy, JW Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, Germany (M.J.P.)
| | - Michael J Parnham
- EpiEndo Pharmaceuticals, Reykjavik, Iceland (J.A.K., C.P.P., F.R.G., O.B., T.G., M.J.P.); Stem Cell Research Unit, Biomedical Center, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland (J.A.K., T.G.); Sackler Institute of Pulmonary Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, London, United Kingdom (C.P.P.); Department of Respiratory Medicine (O.B.), Department of Laboratory Hematology (T.G.), Landspitali-University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland; Faculty of Biochemistry, Chemistry and Pharmacy, JW Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, Germany (M.J.P.)
| |
Collapse
|
68
|
Bano S, Shabir G, Saeed A, Ul-Hamid A, Alharthy RD, Iqbal J. Synthesis, characterization and biological evaluation of indomethacin derived thioureas as purinergic (P2Y 1, P2Y 2, P2Y 4, and P2Y 6) receptor antagonists. Bioorg Chem 2021; 116:105378. [PMID: 34601296 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.105378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
G-protein-coupled receptors for extracellular nucleotides are known as P2Y receptors and are made up of eight members that are encoded by distinct genes and can be classified into two classes based on their affinity for specific G-proteins. P2Y receptor modulators have been studied extensively, but only a few small-molecule P2Y receptor antagonists have been discovered so far and approved by drug agencies. Derivatives of indole carboxamide have been identified as P2Y12 and P2X7 antagonist, as a result, we developed and tested a series of indole derivatives4a-lhaving thiourea moiety as P2Y receptor antagonist by using a fluorescence-based assay to measure the inhibition of intracellular calcium release in 1321N1 astrocytoma cells that had been stably transfected with the P2Y1, P2Y2, P2Y4 and P2Y6 receptors. Most of the compounds exhibited moderate to excellent inhibition activity against P2Y1 receptor subtype. The series most potent compound, 4h exhibited an IC50 value of 0.36 ± 0.01 µM selectivity against other subtypes of P2Y receptor. To investigate the ligand-receptor interactions, the molecular docking studies were carried out. Compound 4h is the most potent P2Y1 receptor antagonist due to interaction with an important amino acid residue Pro105, in addition to Ile108, Phe119, and Leu102.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sehrish Bano
- Centre for Advanced Drug Research, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad 22060, Pakistano
| | - Ghulam Shabir
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, 45320 Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Aamer Saeed
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, 45320 Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Anwar Ul-Hamid
- Center of Engineering Research, KFUPM, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rima D Alharthy
- Department of Chemistry, Science and Arts College, Rabigh Campus, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jamshed Iqbal
- Centre for Advanced Drug Research, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad 22060, Pakistano.
| |
Collapse
|
69
|
Müller CE, Namasivayam V. Recommended tool compounds and drugs for blocking P2X and P2Y receptors. Purinergic Signal 2021; 17:633-648. [PMID: 34476721 PMCID: PMC8677864 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-021-09813-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This review article presents a collection of tool compounds that selectively block and are recommended for studying P2Y and P2X receptor subtypes, investigating their roles in physiology and validating them as future drug targets. Moreover, drug candidates and approved drugs for P2 receptors will be discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christa E Müller
- PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Chemistry, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, 53121, Bonn, Germany.
| | - Vigneshwaran Namasivayam
- PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Chemistry, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, 53121, Bonn, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
70
|
Draper-Joyce CJ, Bhola R, Wang J, Bhattarai A, Nguyen ATN, Cowie-Kent I, O'Sullivan K, Chia LY, Venugopal H, Valant C, Thal DM, Wootten D, Panel N, Carlsson J, Christie MJ, White PJ, Scammells P, May LT, Sexton PM, Danev R, Miao Y, Glukhova A, Imlach WL, Christopoulos A. Positive allosteric mechanisms of adenosine A 1 receptor-mediated analgesia. Nature 2021; 597:571-576. [PMID: 34497422 PMCID: PMC8711093 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-021-03897-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The adenosine A1 receptor (A1R) is a promising therapeutic target for non-opioid analgesic agents to treat neuropathic pain1,2. However, development of analgesic orthosteric A1R agonists has failed because of a lack of sufficient on-target selectivity as well as off-tissue adverse effects3. Here we show that [2-amino-4-(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)thiophen-3-yl)(4-chlorophenyl)methanone] (MIPS521), a positive allosteric modulator of the A1R, exhibits analgesic efficacy in rats in vivo through modulation of the increased levels of endogenous adenosine that occur in the spinal cord of rats with neuropathic pain. We also report the structure of the A1R co-bound to adenosine, MIPS521 and a Gi2 heterotrimer, revealing an extrahelical lipid-detergent-facing allosteric binding pocket that involves transmembrane helixes 1, 6 and 7. Molecular dynamics simulations and ligand kinetic binding experiments support a mechanism whereby MIPS521 stabilizes the adenosine-receptor-G protein complex. This study provides proof of concept for structure-based allosteric drug design of non-opioid analgesic agents that are specific to disease contexts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Draper-Joyce
- Drug Discovery Biology and Department of Pharmacology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Rebecca Bhola
- Department of Physiology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jinan Wang
- Center for Computational Biology and Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
| | - Apurba Bhattarai
- Center for Computational Biology and Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
| | - Anh T N Nguyen
- Drug Discovery Biology and Department of Pharmacology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - India Cowie-Kent
- Department of Physiology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kelly O'Sullivan
- Department of Physiology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ling Yeong Chia
- Drug Discovery Biology and Department of Pharmacology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Hariprasad Venugopal
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Celine Valant
- Drug Discovery Biology and Department of Pharmacology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - David M Thal
- Drug Discovery Biology and Department of Pharmacology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Denise Wootten
- Drug Discovery Biology and Department of Pharmacology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- ARC Centre for Cryo-electron Microscopy of Membrane Proteins, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Nicolas Panel
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jens Carlsson
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Macdonald J Christie
- Discipline of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Paul J White
- Drug Discovery Biology and Department of Pharmacology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Peter Scammells
- Medicinal Chemistry, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Lauren T May
- Drug Discovery Biology and Department of Pharmacology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Patrick M Sexton
- Drug Discovery Biology and Department of Pharmacology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- ARC Centre for Cryo-electron Microscopy of Membrane Proteins, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Radostin Danev
- Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yinglong Miao
- Center for Computational Biology and Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
| | - Alisa Glukhova
- Drug Discovery Biology and Department of Pharmacology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
- Structural Biology Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Wendy L Imlach
- Department of Physiology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Arthur Christopoulos
- Drug Discovery Biology and Department of Pharmacology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
- ARC Centre for Cryo-electron Microscopy of Membrane Proteins, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
71
|
Platelets, Not an Insignificant Player in Development of Allergic Asthma. Cells 2021; 10:cells10082038. [PMID: 34440807 PMCID: PMC8391764 DOI: 10.3390/cells10082038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Allergic asthma is a chronic and heterogeneous pulmonary disease in which platelets can be activated in an IgE-mediated pathway and migrate to the airways via CCR3-dependent mechanism. Activated platelets secrete IL-33, Dkk-1, and 5-HT or overexpress CD40L on the cell surfaces to induce Type 2 immune response or interact with TSLP-stimulated myeloid DCs through the RANK-RANKL-dependent manner to tune the sensitization stage of allergic asthma. Additionally, platelets can mediate leukocyte infiltration into the lungs through P-selectin-mediated interaction with PSGL-1 and upregulate integrin expression in activated leukocytes. Platelets release myl9/12 protein to recruit CD4+CD69+ T cells to the inflammatory sites. Bronchoactive mediators, enzymes, and ROS released by platelets also contribute to the pathogenesis of allergic asthma. GM-CSF from platelets inhibits the eosinophil apoptosis, thus enhancing the chronic inflammatory response and tissue damage. Functional alterations in the mitochondria of platelets in allergic asthmatic lungs further confirm the role of platelets in the inflammation response. Given the extensive roles of platelets in allergic asthma, antiplatelet drugs have been tested in some allergic asthma patients. Therefore, elucidating the role of platelets in the pathogenesis of allergic asthma will provide us with new insights and lead to novel approaches in the treatment of this disease.
Collapse
|
72
|
Lu S, He X, Yang Z, Chai Z, Zhou S, Wang J, Rehman AU, Ni D, Pu J, Sun J, Zhang J. Activation pathway of a G protein-coupled receptor uncovers conformational intermediates as targets for allosteric drug design. Nat Commun 2021; 12:4721. [PMID: 34354057 PMCID: PMC8342441 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-25020-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are the most common proteins targeted by approved drugs. A complete mechanistic elucidation of large-scale conformational transitions underlying the activation mechanisms of GPCRs is of critical importance for therapeutic drug development. Here, we apply a combined computational and experimental framework integrating extensive molecular dynamics simulations, Markov state models, site-directed mutagenesis, and conformational biosensors to investigate the conformational landscape of the angiotensin II (AngII) type 1 receptor (AT1 receptor) - a prototypical class A GPCR-activation. Our findings suggest a synergistic transition mechanism for AT1 receptor activation. A key intermediate state is identified in the activation pathway, which possesses a cryptic binding site within the intracellular region of the receptor. Mutation of this cryptic site prevents activation of the downstream G protein signaling and β-arrestin-mediated pathways by the endogenous AngII octapeptide agonist, suggesting an allosteric regulatory mechanism. Together, these findings provide a deeper understanding of AT1 receptor activation at an atomic level and suggest avenues for the design of allosteric AT1 receptor modulators with a broad range of applications in GPCR biology, biophysics, and medicinal chemistry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shaoyong Lu
- College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Xinheng He
- The CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Material Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhao Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Key Laboratory Experimental Teratology of Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Zongtao Chai
- Department of Hepatic Surgery VI, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuhua Zhou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Key Laboratory Experimental Teratology of Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Junyan Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Key Laboratory Experimental Teratology of Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Ashfaq Ur Rehman
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Duan Ni
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Pu
- Department of Cardiology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinpeng Sun
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Key Laboratory Experimental Teratology of Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.
| | - Jian Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.
| |
Collapse
|
73
|
Ronchetti R, Moroni G, Carotti A, Gioiello A, Camaioni E. Recent advances in urea- and thiourea-containing compounds: focus on innovative approaches in medicinal chemistry and organic synthesis. RSC Med Chem 2021; 12:1046-1064. [PMID: 34355177 PMCID: PMC8293013 DOI: 10.1039/d1md00058f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Urea and thiourea represent privileged structures in medicinal chemistry. Indeed, these moieties constitute a common framework of a variety of drugs and bioactive compounds endowed with a broad range of therapeutic and pharmacological properties. Herein, we provide an overview of the state-of-the-art of urea and thiourea-containing pharmaceuticals. We also review the diverse approaches pursued for (thio)urea bioisosteric replacements in medicinal chemistry applications. Finally, representative examples of recent advances in the synthesis of urea- and thiourea-based compounds by enabling chemical tools are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Ronchetti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia Via del Liceo 1 06123 Perugia Italy +39 075 5855161 +39 075 5855129
| | - Giada Moroni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia Via del Liceo 1 06123 Perugia Italy +39 075 5855161 +39 075 5855129
- Department of Chemistry "Giacomo Ciamician", Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna Via Selmi 2 40126 Bologna Italy
| | - Andrea Carotti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia Via del Liceo 1 06123 Perugia Italy +39 075 5855161 +39 075 5855129
| | - Antimo Gioiello
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia Via del Liceo 1 06123 Perugia Italy +39 075 5855161 +39 075 5855129
| | - Emidio Camaioni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia Via del Liceo 1 06123 Perugia Italy +39 075 5855161 +39 075 5855129
| |
Collapse
|
74
|
Ligand binding at the protein-lipid interface: strategic considerations for drug design. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2021; 20:710-722. [PMID: 34257432 DOI: 10.1038/s41573-021-00240-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Many drug targets are embedded within the phospholipid bilayer of cellular membranes, including G protein-coupled receptors, ion channels, transporters and membrane-bound enzymes. Increasing evidence from biophysical and structural studies suggests that many small-molecule drugs commonly associate with these targets at binding sites at the protein-phospholipid interface. Without a direct path from bulk solvent to a binding site, a drug must first partition in the phospholipid membrane before interacting with the protein target. This membrane access mechanism necessarily affects the interpretation of potency data, structure-activity relationships, pharmacokinetics and physicochemical properties for drugs that target these sites. With an increasing number of small-molecule intramembrane binding sites revealed through X-ray crystallography and cryogenic electron microscopy, we suggest that ligand-lipid interactions likely play a larger role in small-molecule drug action than commonly appreciated. This Perspective introduces key concepts and drug design considerations to aid discovery teams operating within this target space, and discusses challenges and future opportunities in the field.
Collapse
|
75
|
Salmaso V, Jain S, Jacobson KA. Purinergic GPCR transmembrane residues involved in ligand recognition and dimerization. Methods Cell Biol 2021; 166:133-159. [PMID: 34752329 PMCID: PMC8620127 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mcb.2021.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/25/2023]
Abstract
We compare the GPCR-ligand interactions and highlight important residues for recognition in purinergic receptors-from both X-ray crystallographic and cryo-EM structures. These include A1 and A2A adenosine receptors, and P2Y1 and P2Y12 receptors that respond to ADP and other nucleotides. These receptors are important drug discovery targets for immune, metabolic and nervous system disorders. In most cases, orthosteric ligands are represented, except for one allosteric P2Y1 antagonist. This review catalogs the residues and regions that engage in contacts with ligands or with other GPCR protomers in dimeric forms. Residues that are in proximity to bound ligands within purinergic GPCR families are correlated. There is extensive conservation of recognition motifs between adenosine receptors, but the P2Y1 and P2Y12 receptors are each structurally distinct in their ligand recognition. Identifying common interaction features for ligand recognition within a receptor class that has multiple structures available can aid in the drug discovery process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Salmaso
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Shanu Jain
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Kenneth A Jacobson
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
76
|
Traserra S, Barber C, Maclnnes J, Relea L, MacPherson LC, Cunningham MR, Vergara P, Accarino A, Kennedy C, Jimenez M. Different responses of the blockade of the P2Y1 receptor with BPTU in human and porcine intestinal tissues and in cell cultures. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2021; 33:e14101. [PMID: 33619847 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.14101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gastrointestinal smooth muscle relaxation is accomplished by activation of P2Y1 receptors, therefore this receptor plays an important role in regulation of gut motility. Recently, BPTU was developed as a negative allosteric modulator of the P2Y1 receptor. Accordingly, the aim of this study was to assess the effect of BPTU on purinergic neurotransmission in pig and human gastrointestinal tissues. METHODS Ca2+ imaging in tSA201 cells that express the human P2Y1 receptor, organ bath and microelectrodes in tissues were used to evaluate the effects of BPTU on purinergic responses. KEY RESULTS BPTU concentration dependently (0.1 and 1 µmol L-1 ) inhibited the rise in intracellular Ca2+ evoked by ADP in tSA201 cells. In the pig small intestine, 30 µmol L-1 BPTU reduced the fast inhibitory junction potential by 80%. Smooth muscle relaxations induced by electrical field stimulation were reduced both in pig ileum (EC50 = 6 µmol L-1 ) and colon (EC50 = 35 µmol L-1 ), but high concentrations of BPTU (up to 100 µmol L-1 ) had no effect on human colonic muscle. MRS2500 (1 µmol L-1 ) abolished all responses. Finally, 10 µmol L-1 ADPβS inhibited spontaneous motility and this was partially reversed by 30 µmol L-1 BPTU in pig, but not human colonic tissue and abolished by MRS2500 (1 µmol L-1 ). CONCLUSIONS & INFERENCES BPTU blocks purinergic responses elicited via P2Y1 receptors in cell cultures and in pig gastrointestinal tissue. However, the concentrations needed are higher in pig tissue compared to cell cultures and BPTU was ineffective in human colonic tissue.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Traserra
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Claudia Barber
- Digestive System Research Unit, University Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jane Maclnnes
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy & Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
| | - Lucia Relea
- Digestive System Research Unit, University Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lewis C MacPherson
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy & Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
| | - Margaret R Cunningham
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy & Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
| | - Patri Vergara
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de enfermedades hepáticas y digestivas (CIBERehd),, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Anna Accarino
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de enfermedades hepáticas y digestivas (CIBERehd),, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Digestive System Research Unit, University Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Charles Kennedy
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy & Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
| | - Marcel Jimenez
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de enfermedades hepáticas y digestivas (CIBERehd),, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
77
|
Ashokan A, Harisankar HS, Kameswaran M, Aradhyam GK. Critical APJ receptor residues in extracellular domains that influence effector selectivity. FEBS J 2021; 288:6543-6562. [PMID: 34076959 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Human APJ receptor/apelin receptor (APJR), activated by apelin peptide isoforms, regulates a wide range of physiological processes. The role of extracellular loop (ECL) domain residues of APJR in ligand binding and receptor activation has not been established yet. Based on multiple sequence alignment of APJ receptor from various organisms, we identified conserved residues in the extracellular domains. Alanine substitutions of specific residues were characterized to evaluate their ligand binding efficiency and Gq -, Gi -, and β-arrestin-mediated signaling. Mutation-dependent variation in ligand binding and signaling was observed. W197 A in ECL2 and L276 L277 W279 -AAA in ECL3 were deficient in Gi and β-arrestin signaling pathways with relatively preserved Gq -mediated signaling. T169 T170 -AA, Y182 A, and T190 A mutants in ECL2 showed impaired β-arrestin-dependent cell signaling while maintaining G protein- mediated signaling. Structural comparison with angiotensin II type I receptor revealed the importance of ECL2 and ECL3 residues in APJR ligand binding and signaling. Our results unequivocally confirm the specific role of these ECL residues in ligand binding and in orchestrating receptor conformations that are involved in preferential/biased signaling functions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anisha Ashokan
- Signal Transduction Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India
| | - Harikumar Sheela Harisankar
- Signal Transduction Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India
| | - Mythili Kameswaran
- Radiopharmaceuticals Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, India
| | - Gopala Krishna Aradhyam
- Signal Transduction Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India
| |
Collapse
|
78
|
Zhu S, Wu M, Huang Z, An J. Trends in application of advancing computational approaches in GPCR ligand discovery. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2021; 246:1011-1024. [PMID: 33641446 PMCID: PMC8113737 DOI: 10.1177/1535370221993422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) comprise the most important superfamily of protein targets in current ligand discovery and drug development. GPCRs are integral membrane proteins that play key roles in various cellular signaling processes. Therefore, GPCR signaling pathways are closely associated with numerous diseases, including cancer and several neurological, immunological, and hematological disorders. Computer-aided drug design (CADD) can expedite the process of GPCR drug discovery and potentially reduce the actual cost of research and development. Increasing knowledge of biological structures, as well as improvements on computer power and algorithms, have led to unprecedented use of CADD for the discovery of novel GPCR modulators. Similarly, machine learning approaches are now widely applied in various fields of drug target research. This review briefly summarizes the application of rising CADD methodologies, as well as novel machine learning techniques, in GPCR structural studies and bioligand discovery in the past few years. Recent novel computational strategies and feasible workflows are updated, and representative cases addressing challenging issues on olfactory receptors, biased agonism, and drug-induced cardiotoxic effects are highlighted to provide insights into future GPCR drug discovery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Siyu Zhu
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Ciechanover Institute of Precision and Regenerative Medicine, School of Life and Health Sciences, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518172, China
| | - Meixian Wu
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Ziwei Huang
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Ciechanover Institute of Precision and Regenerative Medicine, School of Life and Health Sciences, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518172, China
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jing An
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| |
Collapse
|
79
|
Jacobson KA, IJzerman AP, Müller CE. Medicinal chemistry of P2 and adenosine receptors: Common scaffolds adapted for multiple targets. Biochem Pharmacol 2021; 187:114311. [PMID: 33130128 PMCID: PMC8081756 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.114311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Prof. Geoffrey Burnstock originated the concept of purinergic signaling. He demonstrated the interactions and biological roles of ionotropic P2X and metabotropic P2Y receptors. This review paper traces the historical origins of many currently used antagonists and agonists for P2 receptors, as well as adenosine receptors, in early attempts to identify ligands for these receptors - prior to the use of chemical libraries for screening. Rather than presenting a general review of current purinergic ligands, we focus on common chemical scaffolds (privileged scaffolds) that can be adapted for multiple receptor targets. By carefully analyzing the structure activity relationships, one can direct the selectivity of these scaffolds toward different receptor subtypes. For example, the weak and non-selective P2 antagonist reactive blue 2 (RB-2) was derivatized using combinatorial synthetic approaches, leading to the identification of selective P2Y2, P2Y4, P2Y12 or P2X2 receptor antagonists. A P2X4 antagonist NC-2600 is in a clinical trial, and A3 adenosine agonists show promise, for chronic pain. P2X7 antagonists have been in clinical trials for depression (JNJ-54175446), inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), Crohn's disease, rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory pain and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). P2X3 antagonists are in clinical trials for chronic cough, and an antagonist named after Burnstock, gefapixant, is expected to be the first P2X3 antagonist filed for approval. We are seeing that the vision of Prof. Burnstock to use purinergic signaling modulators, most recently at P2XRs, for treating disease is coming to fruition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth A Jacobson
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States.
| | - Adriaan P IJzerman
- Division of Drug Discovery and Safety, LACDR, Leiden University, the Netherlands
| | - Christa E Müller
- PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Chemistry, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
80
|
Zhang L, Li Z, Ye X, Chen Z, Chen ZS. Mechanisms of thrombosis and research progress on targeted antithrombotic drugs. Drug Discov Today 2021; 26:2282-2302. [PMID: 33895314 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2021.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Globally, the incidence of thromboembolic diseases has increased in recent years, accompanied by an increase in patient mortality. Currently, several targeting delivery strategies have been developed to treat thromboembolic diseases. In this review, we discuss the mechanisms of thrombolysis and current anticoagulant drugs, particularly those with targeting capability, highlighting advances in the accurate treatment of thrombolysis with fewer adverse effects. Such approaches include magnetic drug-loading systems combined with molecular imaging to recanalize blood vessels and systems based on chimeric Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) sequences that can target platelet glycoprotein receptor. With such progress in targeted antithrombotic drugs, targeted thrombolysis treatment shows significant potential benefit for patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhen Li
- Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fujian Provincial Cancer Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350014, China
| | - Xianren Ye
- Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fujian Provincial Cancer Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350014, China.
| | - Zhuo Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Zhe-Sheng Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, NY 11439, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
81
|
Kennedy C. That was then, this is now: the development of our knowledge and understanding of P2 receptor subtypes. Purinergic Signal 2021; 17:9-23. [PMID: 33527235 PMCID: PMC7954963 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-021-09763-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
P2 receptors are present in virtually all tissues and cell types in the human body, and they mediate the physiological and pharmacological actions of extracellular purine and pyrimidine nucleotides. They were first characterised and named by Geoff Burnstock in 1978, then subdivided into P2X and P2Y purinoceptors in 1985 on the basis of pharmacological criteria in functional studies on native receptors. Molecular cloning of receptors in the 1990s revealed P2X receptors to comprise seven different subunits that interact to produce functional homo- and heterotrimeric ligand-gated cation channels. A family of eight P2Y G protein-coupled receptors were also cloned, which can form homo- and heterodimers. Deep insight into the molecular mechanisms of agonist and antagonist action has been provided by more recent determination of the tertiary and quaternary structures of several P2X and P2Y receptor subtypes. Agonists and antagonists that are highly selective for individual subtypes are now available and some are in clinical use. This has all come about because of the intelligence, insight and drive of the force of nature that was Geoff Burnstock.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Charles Kennedy
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy & Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, John Arbuthnott Building, 161 Cathedral St, Glasgow, G4 0RE, Scotland, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
82
|
Marlow B, Kuenze G, Li B, Sanders CR, Meiler J. Structural determinants of cholesterol recognition in helical integral membrane proteins. Biophys J 2021; 120:1592-1604. [PMID: 33640379 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2021.02.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cholesterol is an integral component of mammalian membranes. It has been shown to modulate membrane fluidity and dynamics and alter integral membrane protein function. However, understanding the molecular mechanisms of how cholesterol impacts protein function is complicated by limited and conflicting structural data. Because of the nature of the crystallization and cryo-EM structure determination, it is difficult to distinguish between specific and biologically relevant interactions and a nonspecific association. The only widely recognized search algorithm for cholesterol-integral-membrane-protein interaction sites is sequence based, i.e., searching for the so-called "Cholesterol Recognition/interaction Amino acid Consensus" motif. Although these motifs are present in numerous integral membrane proteins, there is inconclusive evidence to support their necessity or sufficiency for cholesterol binding. Here, we leverage the increasing number of experimental cholesterol-integral-membrane-protein structures to systematically analyze putative interaction sites based on their spatial arrangement and evolutionary conservation. This analysis creates three-dimensional representations of general cholesterol interaction sites that form clusters across multiple integral membrane protein classes. We also classify cholesterol-integral-membrane-protein interaction sites as either likely-specific or nonspecific. Information gleaned from our characterization will eventually enable a structure-based approach to predict and design cholesterol-integral-membrane-protein interaction sites.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brennica Marlow
- Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee; Chemical and Physical Biology Program, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Georg Kuenze
- Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee; Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee; Institute for Drug Discovery, Leipzig University Medical School, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Bian Li
- Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee; Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Charles R Sanders
- Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee; Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Jens Meiler
- Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee; Chemical and Physical Biology Program, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee; Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee; Institute for Drug Discovery, Leipzig University Medical School, Leipzig, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
83
|
Lemel L, Nieścierowicz K, García-Fernández MD, Darré L, Durroux T, Busnelli M, Pezet M, Rébeillé F, Jouhet J, Mouillac B, Domene C, Chini B, Cherezov V, Moreau CJ. The ligand-bound state of a G protein-coupled receptor stabilizes the interaction of functional cholesterol molecules. J Lipid Res 2021; 62:100059. [PMID: 33647276 PMCID: PMC8050779 DOI: 10.1016/j.jlr.2021.100059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Cholesterol is a major component of mammalian plasma membranes that not only affects the physical properties of the lipid bilayer but also is the function of many membrane proteins including G protein-coupled receptors. The oxytocin receptor (OXTR) is involved in parturition and lactation of mammals and in their emotional and social behaviors. Cholesterol acts on OXTR as an allosteric modulator inducing a high-affinity state for orthosteric ligands through a molecular mechanism that has yet to be determined. Using the ion channel-coupled receptor technology, we developed a functional assay of cholesterol modulation of G protein-coupled receptors that is independent of intracellular signaling pathways and operational in living cells. Using this assay, we discovered a stable binding of cholesterol molecules to the receptor when it adopts an orthosteric ligand-bound state. This stable interaction preserves the cholesterol-dependent activity of the receptor in cholesterol-depleted membranes. This mechanism was confirmed using time-resolved FRET experiments on WT OXTR expressed in CHO cells. Consequently, a positive cross-regulation sequentially occurs in OXTR between cholesterol and orthosteric ligands.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Lemel
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, IBS, Grenoble, France
| | | | | | - Leonardo Darré
- Functional Genomics Laboratory and Biomolecular Simulations Laboratory, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Thierry Durroux
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Marta Busnelli
- CNR, Institute of Neuroscience, U28 and NeuroMI Center for Neuroscience, University of Milano-Bicocca, Vedano al Lambro (MB), Italy
| | - Mylène Pezet
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Inserm U 1209, CNRS UMR 5309, Grenoble Alpes University, Grenoble, France
| | - Fabrice Rébeillé
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire Végétale, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, INRAE, Grenoble, France
| | - Juliette Jouhet
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire Végétale, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, INRAE, Grenoble, France
| | - Bernard Mouillac
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Carmen Domene
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom; Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Bice Chini
- CNR, Institute of Neuroscience, U28 and NeuroMI Center for Neuroscience, University of Milano-Bicocca, Vedano al Lambro (MB), Italy
| | - Vadim Cherezov
- Bridge Institute, Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
84
|
Jakubík J, El-Fakahany EE. Allosteric Modulation of GPCRs of Class A by Cholesterol. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:1953. [PMID: 33669406 PMCID: PMC7920425 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22041953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) are membrane proteins that convey extracellular signals to the cellular milieu. They represent a target for more than 30% of currently marketed drugs. Here we review the effects of membrane cholesterol on the function of GPCRs of Class A. We review both the specific effects of cholesterol mediated via its direct high-affinity binding to the receptor and non-specific effects mediated by cholesterol-induced changes in the properties of the membrane. Cholesterol binds to many GPCRs at both canonical and non-canonical binding sites. It allosterically affects ligand binding to and activation of GPCRs. Additionally, it changes the oligomerization state of GPCRs. In this review, we consider a perspective of the potential for the development of new therapies that are targeted at manipulating the level of membrane cholesterol or modulating cholesterol binding sites on to GPCRs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jan Jakubík
- Department of Neurochemistry, Institute of Physiology Czech Academy of Sciences, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Esam E. El-Fakahany
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Minnesota College of Pharmacy, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| |
Collapse
|
85
|
Diarylureas: Repositioning from Antitumor to Antimicrobials or Multi-Target Agents against New Pandemics. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10010092. [PMID: 33477901 PMCID: PMC7833385 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10010092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobials have allowed medical advancements over several decades. However, the continuous emergence of antimicrobial resistance restricts efficacy in treating infectious diseases. In this context, the drug repositioning of already known biological active compounds to antimicrobials could represent a useful strategy. In 2002 and 2003, the SARS-CoV pandemic immobilized the Far East regions. However, the drug discovery attempts to study the virus have stopped after the crisis declined. Today’s COVID-19 pandemic could probably have been avoided if those efforts against SARS-CoV had continued. Recently, a new coronavirus variant was identified in the UK. Because of this, the search for safe and potent antimicrobials and antivirals is urgent. Apart from antiviral treatment for severe cases of COVID-19, many patients with mild disease without pneumonia or moderate disease with pneumonia have received different classes of antibiotics. Diarylureas are tyrosine kinase inhibitors well known in the art as anticancer agents, which might be useful tools for a reposition as antimicrobials. The first to come onto the market as anticancer was sorafenib, followed by some other active molecules. For this interesting class of organic compounds antimicrobial, antiviral, antithrombotic, antimalarial, and anti-inflammatory properties have been reported in the literature. These numerous properties make these compounds interesting for a new possible pandemic considering that, as well as for other viral infections also for CoVID-19, a multitarget therapeutic strategy could be favorable. This review is meant to be an overview on diarylureas, focusing on their biological activities, not dwelling on the already known antitumor activity. Quite a lot of papers present in the literature underline and highlight the importance of these molecules as versatile scaffolds for the development of new and promising antimicrobials and multitarget agents against new pandemic events.
Collapse
|
86
|
Kennedy C. The P2Y/P2X divide: How it began. Biochem Pharmacol 2021; 187:114408. [PMID: 33444568 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2021.114408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular purine and pyrimidine nucleotides produce their pharmacological effects through P2 receptors. These were first named by Geoff Burnstock in an extensive review in 1978. They were then subdivided into P2X and P2Y purinoceptors by Burnstock and Kennedy in 1985, based on applying pharmacological criteria to data generated by functional studies in smooth muscle tissues. Several other P2 subtypes, P2T, P2Z, P2U and P2D were subsequently identified in the following years, again using pharmacological criteria. The number and identity of subtypes were clarified and simplified by the cloning of seven ATP-sensitive ligand-gated ion channel subunits and eight adenine and/or uracil nucleotide-sensitive G protein-coupled receptors from 1993 onwards. The former were all classified as members of the P2X receptor family and the latter as members of the P2Y receptor family. More recently, high resolution imaging of the tertiary and quaternary structures of several P2X and P2Y receptor subtypes has provided a much greater understanding of how and where agonists and antagonists bind to the receptors and how this leads to changes in receptor conformation and activity. In addition, medicinal chemistry has produced a variety of subtype-selective agonists and antagonists, some of which are now in clinical use. This progress and success is a testimony to the foresight, intelligence, enthusiasm and drive of Geoff Burnstock, who led the field forward throughout his scientific life.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Charles Kennedy
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy & Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, John Arbuthnott Building, 161 Cathedral St, Glasgow G4 0RE, Scotland.
| |
Collapse
|
87
|
Yang D, Zhou Q, Labroska V, Qin S, Darbalaei S, Wu Y, Yuliantie E, Xie L, Tao H, Cheng J, Liu Q, Zhao S, Shui W, Jiang Y, Wang MW. G protein-coupled receptors: structure- and function-based drug discovery. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2021; 6:7. [PMID: 33414387 PMCID: PMC7790836 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-020-00435-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 254] [Impact Index Per Article: 84.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
As one of the most successful therapeutic target families, G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) have experienced a transformation from random ligand screening to knowledge-driven drug design. We are eye-witnessing tremendous progresses made recently in the understanding of their structure-function relationships that facilitated drug development at an unprecedented pace. This article intends to provide a comprehensive overview of this important field to a broader readership that shares some common interests in drug discovery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dehua Yang
- The National Center for Drug Screening, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 201203, Shanghai, China.,The CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 201203, Shanghai, China
| | - Qingtong Zhou
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, 200032, Shanghai, China
| | - Viktorija Labroska
- The National Center for Drug Screening, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 201203, Shanghai, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Shanshan Qin
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, 201210, Shanghai, China
| | - Sanaz Darbalaei
- The National Center for Drug Screening, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 201203, Shanghai, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Yiran Wu
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, 201210, Shanghai, China
| | - Elita Yuliantie
- The National Center for Drug Screening, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 201203, Shanghai, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Linshan Xie
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, 201210, Shanghai, China.,School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 201210, Shanghai, China
| | - Houchao Tao
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, 201210, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianjun Cheng
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, 201210, Shanghai, China
| | - Qing Liu
- The National Center for Drug Screening, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 201203, Shanghai, China.,The CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 201203, Shanghai, China
| | - Suwen Zhao
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, 201210, Shanghai, China.,School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 201210, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenqing Shui
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, 201210, Shanghai, China. .,School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 201210, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yi Jiang
- The CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 201203, Shanghai, China.
| | - Ming-Wei Wang
- The National Center for Drug Screening, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 201203, Shanghai, China. .,The CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 201203, Shanghai, China. .,School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, 200032, Shanghai, China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China. .,School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 201210, Shanghai, China. .,School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 201203, Shanghai, China.
| |
Collapse
|
88
|
Liu J, Hu YS, Tang Y. Commentary: Vagal P2RY1 Receptors: A Novel Target for Airway Disease. Front Pharmacol 2021; 11:596003. [PMID: 33390983 PMCID: PMC7774324 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.596003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Liu
- School of Sports Medicine and Health, Chengdu Sport University, Chengdu, China.,Sports Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
| | - Yu-Shi Hu
- School of Sports Medicine and Health, Chengdu Sport University, Chengdu, China.,Sports Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
| | - Yong Tang
- School of Sports Medicine and Health, Chengdu Sport University, Chengdu, China.,Sports Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
| |
Collapse
|
89
|
Corin K, Tegler LT, Koutsopoulos S. G-Protein-Coupled Receptor Expression and Purification. Methods Mol Biol 2021; 2178:439-467. [PMID: 33128765 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-0775-6_28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are integral proteins of the cell membrane and are directly involved in the regulation of many biological functions and in drug targeting. However, our knowledge of GPCRs' structure and function remains limited. The first bottleneck in GPCR studies is producing sufficient quantities of soluble, functional, and stable receptors. Currently, GPCR production largely depends on the choice of the host system and the type of detergent used to extract the GPCR from the cell membrane and stabilize the protein outside the membrane bilayer. Here, we present three protocols that we employ in our lab to produce and solubilize stable GPCRs: (1) cell-free in vitro translation, (2) HEK cells, and (3) Escherichia coli. Stable receptors can be purified using immunoaffinity chromatography and gel filtration, and can be analyzed with standard biophysical techniques and biochemical assays.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Corin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, UCLA-DOE Institute, Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Lotta T Tegler
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Sotirios Koutsopoulos
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
90
|
Lei Y, Zhang B, Liu D, Zhao J, Dai X, Gao J, Mao Q, Feng Y, Zhao J, Lin F, Duan Y, Zhang Y, Bao Z, Yang Y, Mou Y, Wang S. Switching a Xanthine Oxidase Inhibitor to a Dual-Target Antagonist of P2Y1 and P2Y12 as an Oral Antiplatelet Agent with a Wider Therapeutic Window in Rats than Ticagrelor. J Med Chem 2020; 63:15752-15772. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c01524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Lei
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drugs Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Culture Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Bing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drugs Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Culture Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Dan Liu
- Shenyang Hinewy Pharmaceutical Technology Co., Ltd., 41 Liutang Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Jian Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Culture Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Xiwen Dai
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drugs Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Culture Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Jun Gao
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drugs Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Culture Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Qing Mao
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drugs Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Culture Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Yao Feng
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drugs Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Culture Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Jiaxing Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drugs Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Culture Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Fengwei Lin
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drugs Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Culture Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Yulin Duan
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drugs Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Culture Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Culture Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Ziyang Bao
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drugs Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Culture Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Yuwei Yang
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drugs Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Culture Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Yanhua Mou
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Culture Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Shaojie Wang
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drugs Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Culture Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110016, China
| |
Collapse
|
91
|
Molecular pharmacology of P2Y receptor subtypes. Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 187:114361. [PMID: 33309519 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.114361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 12/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Professor Geoffrey Burnstock proposed the concept of purinergic signaling via P1 and P2 receptors. P2Y receptors are G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) for extracellular adenine and uracil nucleotides. Eight mammalian P2Y receptor subtypes have been identified. They are divided into two subgroups (P2Y1, P2Y2, P2Y4, P2Y6, and P2Y11) and (P2Y12, P2Y13, and P2Y14). P2Y receptors are found in almost all cells and mediate responses in physiology and pathophysiology including pain and inflammation. The antagonism of platelet P2Y12 receptors by cangrelor, ticagrelor or active metabolites of the thienopyridine compounds ticlopidine, clopidogrel and prasugrel reduces the ADP-induced platelet aggregation in patients with thrombotic complications of vascular diseases. The nucleotide agonist diquafosol acting at P2Y2 receptors is used for the treatment of the dry eye syndrome. Structural information obtained by crystallography of the human P2Y1 and P2Y12 receptor proteins, site-directed mutagenesis and molecular modeling will facilitate the rational design of novel selective drugs.
Collapse
|
92
|
Wang Y, Yu Z, Xiao W, Lu S, Zhang J. Allosteric binding sites at the receptor-lipid bilayer interface: novel targets for GPCR drug discovery. Drug Discov Today 2020; 26:690-703. [PMID: 33301977 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2020.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
As a superfamily of membrane receptors, G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) have significant roles in human physiological processes, including cell proliferation, metabolism, and neuromodulation. GPCRs are vital targets of therapeutic drugs, and their allosteric regulation represents a novel direction for drug discovery. Given the numerous breakthroughs in structural biology, diverse allosteric sites on GPCRs have been identified within the extracellular and intracellular loops, and the seven core transmembrane helices. However, a unique type of allosteric site has also been discovered at the interface of the receptor-lipid bilayer, similar to the β2-adrenergic receptor. Here, we review recent identifications of these allosteric sites and the detailed modulator-target interactions within the interface for each modulator to highlight the role of lipids in GPCR allosteric drug discovery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Zhengtian Yu
- Nutshell Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Wen Xiao
- Nutshell Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Shaoyong Lu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China; Medicinal Chemistry and Bioinformatics Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China; State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, China.
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China; Medicinal Chemistry and Bioinformatics Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China; State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, China.
| |
Collapse
|
93
|
Communi D, Horckmans M, Boeynaems JM. P2Y 4, P2Y 6 and P2Y 11 receptors: From the early days of cloning to their function. Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 187:114347. [PMID: 33232731 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.114347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The family of P2Y nucleotide receptors is composed of eight members differentiated by their pharmacology and their coupling to specific G-proteins and transduction mechanisms. The laboratory studying these nucleotide receptors at IRIBHM institute (Free University of Brussels) has participated actively in their cloning. We used classical cloning by homology strategies relying on polymerase chain reactions with degenerate primers or on DNA libraries screening with P2Y receptors-related primers or probes, respectively. We identified and characterised four of the eight human P2Y receptors cloned so far: P2Y4, P2Y6, P2Y11 and P2Y13 receptors. These human receptors displayed specific features in terms of pharmacology such as affinity for pyrimidine nucleotides for P2Y4 and P2Y6 receptors and differential G-protein coupling. Their specific and restricted tissue distribution compared to ubiquitous P2Y1 and P2Y2 receptors led us to study their physiological role in chosen cell systems or using mice deficient for these P2Y subtypes. These studies revealed over the years that the P2Y11 receptor was able to confer tolerogenic and tumorigenic properties to human dendritic cells and that P2Y4 and P2Y6 receptors were involved in mouse heart post-natal development and cardioprotection. P2Y receptors and their identified target genes could constitute therapeutic targets to regulate cardiac hypertrophy and regeneration. The multiple roles of P2Y receptors identified in the ischemic heart and cardiac adipose tissue could have multiple innovative clinical applications and present a major interest in the field of cardiovascular diseases. P2Y receptors can induce cardioprotection by the regulation of cardiac inflammation and the modulation of the volume and composition of cardiac adipose tissue. These findings might lead to the pre-clinical validation of P2Y receptors as new targets for the treatment of myocardial ischemia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Didier Communi
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Research, IRIBHM, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Michael Horckmans
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Research, IRIBHM, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | | |
Collapse
|
94
|
Chang-Graham AL, Perry JL, Engevik MA, Engevik KA, Scribano FJ, Gebert JT, Danhof HA, Nelson JC, Kellen JS, Strtak AC, Sastri NP, Estes MK, Britton RA, Versalovic J, Hyser JM. Rotavirus induces intercellular calcium waves through ADP signaling. Science 2020; 370:370/6519/eabc3621. [PMID: 33214249 PMCID: PMC7957961 DOI: 10.1126/science.abc3621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Rotavirus causes severe diarrheal disease in children by broadly dysregulating intestinal homeostasis. However, the underlying mechanism(s) of rotavirus-induced dysregulation remains unclear. We found that rotavirus-infected cells produce paracrine signals that manifested as intercellular calcium waves (ICWs), observed in cell lines and human intestinal enteroids. Rotavirus ICWs were caused by the release of extracellular adenosine 5'-diphosphate (ADP) that activated P2Y1 purinergic receptors on neighboring cells. ICWs were blocked by P2Y1 antagonists or CRISPR-Cas9 knockout of the P2Y1 receptor. Blocking the ADP signal reduced rotavirus replication, inhibited rotavirus-induced serotonin release and fluid secretion, and reduced diarrhea severity in neonatal mice. Thus, rotavirus exploited paracrine purinergic signaling to generate ICWs that amplified the dysregulation of host cells and altered gastrointestinal physiology to cause diarrhea.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra L. Chang-Graham
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, USA,Alkek Center for Metagenomic and Microbiome Research, Baylor College of Medicine, USA
| | - Jacob L. Perry
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, USA,Alkek Center for Metagenomic and Microbiome Research, Baylor College of Medicine, USA
| | - Melinda A. Engevik
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, USA,Department of Pathology, Texas Children’s Hospital, USA
| | - Kristen A. Engevik
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, USA,Alkek Center for Metagenomic and Microbiome Research, Baylor College of Medicine, USA
| | - Francesca J. Scribano
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, USA,Alkek Center for Metagenomic and Microbiome Research, Baylor College of Medicine, USA
| | - J. Thomas Gebert
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, USA,Alkek Center for Metagenomic and Microbiome Research, Baylor College of Medicine, USA
| | - Heather A. Danhof
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, USA,Alkek Center for Metagenomic and Microbiome Research, Baylor College of Medicine, USA
| | - Joel C. Nelson
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, USA
| | - Joseph S. Kellen
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, USA,Alkek Center for Metagenomic and Microbiome Research, Baylor College of Medicine, USA
| | - Alicia C. Strtak
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, USA,Alkek Center for Metagenomic and Microbiome Research, Baylor College of Medicine, USA
| | - Narayan P. Sastri
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, USA
| | - Mary K. Estes
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, USA,Alkek Center for Metagenomic and Microbiome Research, Baylor College of Medicine, USA,Department of Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Baylor College of Medicine, USA
| | - Robert A. Britton
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, USA,Alkek Center for Metagenomic and Microbiome Research, Baylor College of Medicine, USA
| | - James Versalovic
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, USA,Department of Pathology, Texas Children’s Hospital, USA
| | - Joseph M. Hyser
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, USA,Alkek Center for Metagenomic and Microbiome Research, Baylor College of Medicine, USA,Corresponding author. Correspondence and requests for materials should be addressed to J.H.
| |
Collapse
|
95
|
Salmaso V, Jacobson KA. Purinergic Signaling: Impact of GPCR Structures on Rational Drug Design. ChemMedChem 2020; 15:1958-1973. [PMID: 32803849 PMCID: PMC8276773 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202000465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The purinergic signaling system includes membrane-bound receptors for extracellular purines and pyrimidines, and enzymes/transporters that regulate receptor activation by endogenous agonists. Receptors include: adenosine (A1 , A2A , A2B, and A3 ) and P2Y (P2Y1 , P2Y2 , P2Y4 , P2Y6 , P2Y11 , P2Y12 , P2Y13 , and P2Y14 ) receptors (all GPCRs), as well as P2X receptors (ion channels). Receptor activation, especially accompanying physiological stress or damage, creates a temporal sequence of signaling to counteract this stress and either mobilize (P2Rs) or suppress (ARs) immune responses. Thus, modulation of this large signaling family has broad potential for treating chronic diseases. Experimentally determined structures represent each of the three receptor families. We focus on selective purinergic agonists (A1 , A3 ), antagonists (A3 , P2Y14 ), and allosteric modulators (P2Y1 , A3 ). Examples of applying structure-based design, including the rational modification of known ligands, are presented for antithrombotic P2Y1 R antagonists and anti-inflammatory P2Y14 R antagonists and A3 AR agonists. A3 AR agonists are a potential, nonaddictive treatment for chronic neuropathic pain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Salmaso
- Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes & Digestive & Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Kenneth A Jacobson
- Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes & Digestive & Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| |
Collapse
|
96
|
Zhang C, Qin J, Zhang S, Zhang N, Tan B, Siwko S, Zhang Y, Wang Q, Chen J, Qian M, Liu M, Du B. ADP/P2Y 1 aggravates inflammatory bowel disease through ERK5-mediated NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Mucosal Immunol 2020; 13:931-945. [PMID: 32518369 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-020-0307-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2019] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Inflammasomes are essential for inflammation and pathogen elimination in response to microbial infection and endogenous danger signals. However, the mechanism of inflammasome activation by endogenous danger signals mediated posttranslational modification and the connection between inflammasomes and inflammatory diseases remains elusive. In this study, we found that ADP was highly released from injured colonic tissue as a danger signal during inflammatory bowel disease. Consequently, extracellular ADP activated the NLRP3 inflammasome through P2Y1 receptor-mediated calcium signaling, which led to the maturation and secretion of IL-1β and further aggravation of experimental colitis. Genetic ablation or pharmacological blockade of the P2Y1 receptor significantly ameliorated DSS-induced colitis and endotoxic shock through reducing NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Moreover, ERK5-mediated tyrosine phosphorylation of ASC was essential for activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome. Thus, our study provides a novel theoretical basis for posttranslational modification of ASC in NLRP3 inflammasome activation and revealed that ADP/P2Y1 is a potential drug target for inflammatory bowel disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chengfei Zhang
- Changning Maternity and Infant Health Hospital and School of Life Sciences, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China.,Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Juliang Qin
- Changning Maternity and Infant Health Hospital and School of Life Sciences, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China.,Joint Center for Translational Medicine, Fengxian District Central Hospital, No. 6600 Nanfeng Road, Fengxian District, Shanghai, 201499, China
| | - Su Zhang
- Changning Maternity and Infant Health Hospital and School of Life Sciences, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Na Zhang
- Changning Maternity and Infant Health Hospital and School of Life Sciences, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Binhe Tan
- Changning Maternity and Infant Health Hospital and School of Life Sciences, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Stefan Siwko
- Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Ying Zhang
- Changning Maternity and Infant Health Hospital and School of Life Sciences, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Qin Wang
- Joint Center for Translational Medicine, Fengxian District Central Hospital, No. 6600 Nanfeng Road, Fengxian District, Shanghai, 201499, China
| | - Jinlian Chen
- Joint Center for Translational Medicine, Fengxian District Central Hospital, No. 6600 Nanfeng Road, Fengxian District, Shanghai, 201499, China
| | - Min Qian
- Changning Maternity and Infant Health Hospital and School of Life Sciences, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Mingyao Liu
- Changning Maternity and Infant Health Hospital and School of Life Sciences, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China.
| | - Bing Du
- Changning Maternity and Infant Health Hospital and School of Life Sciences, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China.
| |
Collapse
|
97
|
King BF. Burnstock and the legacy of the inhibitory junction potential and P2Y1 receptors. Purinergic Signal 2020; 17:25-31. [PMID: 33125617 PMCID: PMC7954919 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-020-09747-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The synaptic event called the inhibitory junction potential (IJP) was arguably one of the more important discoveries made by Burnstock and arguably one of his finer legacies. The discovery of the IJP fundamentally changed how electromechanical coupling was visualised in gastrointestinal smooth muscle. Its discovery also set in motion the search for novel inhibitory neurotransmitters in the enteric nervous system, eventually leading to proposal that ATP or a related nucleotide was a major inhibitory transmitter. The subsequent development of purinergic signalling gave impetus to expanding the classification of surface receptors for extracellular ATP, not only in the GI tract but beyond, and then led to successive phases of medicinal chemistry as the P2 receptor field developed. Ultimately, the discovery of the IJP led to the successful cloning of the first P2Y receptor (chick P2Y1) and expansion of mammalian ATP receptors into two classes: metabotropic P2Y receptors (encompassing P2Y1, P2Y2, P2Y4, P2Y6, P2Y11–14 receptors) and ionotropic P2X receptors (encompassing homomeric P2X1–P2X7 receptors). Here, the causal relationship between the IJP and P2Y1 is explored, setting out the milestones reached and achievements made by Burnstock and his colleagues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brian F King
- Research Department of Neuroscience, Pharmacology & Physiology (NPP), University College London (UCL), Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
98
|
Di Virgilio F, Jacobson KA, Williams M. Geoffrey Burnstock - An accidental pharmacologist. Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 187:114300. [PMID: 33203518 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.114300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Geoffrey Burnstock, the founder of the field of purinergic signaling research passed away in Melbourne, Australia on June 3rd, 2020, at the age of 91. With his death, the world of biomedical research lost one of its most passionate, creative and unconventional thought leaders. He was an inspiration to the many researchers he interacted with for more than 50 years and a frequent irritation to those in the administrative establishment. Geoff never considered himself a pharmacologist having being trained as a zoologist and becoming an autonomic neurophysiologist based on his evolving interests in systems and disease-related research. By the end of his life he had: published some 1550 papers; been cited more than 125,000 times; had an h-index of 156 and had supervised over 100 Ph.D. students. His indelible legacy, based on a holistic, data-based, multidisciplinary, unconventional "outside the box" approach to research was reflected in two of the seminal findings in late 20th century biomedical research: the purinergic neurotransmitter hypothesis and the concept of co-neurotransmission, both of which were initially received by his peers with considerable skepticism that at times verged on disdain. Nonetheless, while raising hackles and threatening the status quo, Geoff persevered and prevailed, becoming a mentor for several generations of biomedical researchers. In this review we provide a joint perspective on Geoff Burnstock's legacy in research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Kenneth A Jacobson
- Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Michael Williams
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
99
|
Feng Z, Liang T, Wang S, Chen M, Hou T, Zhao J, Chen H, Zhou Y, Xie XQ. Binding Characterization of GPCRs-Modulator by Molecular Complex Characterizing System (MCCS). ACS Chem Neurosci 2020; 11:3333-3345. [PMID: 32941011 PMCID: PMC10063373 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.0c00457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Increasing attention has been devoted to allosteric modulators as the preferred therapeutic agents for their colossal advantages such as higher selectivity, fewer side effects, and lower toxicity since they bind at allosteric sites that are topographically distinct from the classic orthosteric sites. However, the allosteric binding pockets are not conserved and there are no cogent methods to comprehensively characterize the features of allosteric sites with the binding of modulators. To overcome this limitation, our lab has developed a novel algorithm that can quantitatively characterize the receptor-ligand binding feature named Molecular Complex Characterizing System (MCCS). To illustrate the methodology and application of MCCS, we take G protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) as an example. First, we summarized and analyzed the reported allosteric binding pockets of class A GPCRs using MCCS. Sequentially, a systematic study was conducted between cannabinoid receptor type 1 (CB1) and its allosteric modulators, where we used MCCS to analyze the residue energy contribution and the interaction pattern. Finally, we validated the predicted allosteric binding site in CB2 via MCCS in combination with molecular dynamics (MD) simulation. Our results demonstrate that the MCCS program is advantageous in recapitulating the allosteric regulation pattern of class A GPCRs of the reported pockets as well as in predicting potential allosteric binding pockets. This MCCS program can serve as a valuable tool for the discovery of small-molecule allosteric modulators for class A GPCRs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei Feng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Computational Chemical Genomics Screening Center, School of Pharmacy; National Center of Excellence for Computational Drug Abuse Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
| | - Tianjian Liang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Computational Chemical Genomics Screening Center, School of Pharmacy; National Center of Excellence for Computational Drug Abuse Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
| | - Siyi Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Computational Chemical Genomics Screening Center, School of Pharmacy; National Center of Excellence for Computational Drug Abuse Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
| | - Maozi Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Computational Chemical Genomics Screening Center, School of Pharmacy; National Center of Excellence for Computational Drug Abuse Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
| | - Tianling Hou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Computational Chemical Genomics Screening Center, School of Pharmacy; National Center of Excellence for Computational Drug Abuse Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
| | - Jack Zhao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Computational Chemical Genomics Screening Center, School of Pharmacy; National Center of Excellence for Computational Drug Abuse Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
| | - Hui Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Computational Chemical Genomics Screening Center, School of Pharmacy; National Center of Excellence for Computational Drug Abuse Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
| | - Yuehan Zhou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Computational Chemical Genomics Screening Center, School of Pharmacy; National Center of Excellence for Computational Drug Abuse Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
| | - Xiang-Qun Xie
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Computational Chemical Genomics Screening Center, School of Pharmacy; National Center of Excellence for Computational Drug Abuse Research; Drug Discovery Institute; Departments of Computational Biology and Structural Biology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
| |
Collapse
|
100
|
Akiyama T, Kunishima N, Nemoto S, Kazama K, Hirose M, Sudo Y, Matsuura Y, Naitow H, Murata T. Further thermo-stabilization of thermophilic rhodopsin from Thermus thermophilus JL-18 through engineering in extramembrane regions. Proteins 2020; 89:301-310. [PMID: 33064333 PMCID: PMC7894484 DOI: 10.1002/prot.26015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2020] [Revised: 09/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
It is known that a hyperthermostable protein tolerable at temperatures over 100°C can be designed from a soluble globular protein by introducing mutations. To expand the applicability of this technology to membrane proteins, here we report a further thermo-stabilization of the thermophilic rhodopsin from Thermus thermophilus JL-18 as a model membrane protein. Ten single mutations in the extramembrane regions were designed based on a computational prediction of folding free-energy differences upon mutation. Experimental characterizations using the UV-visible spectroscopy and the differential scanning calorimetry revealed that four of ten mutations were thermo-stabilizing: V79K, T114D, A115P, and A116E. The mutation-structure relationship of the TR constructs was analyzed using molecular dynamics simulations at 300 K and at 1800 K that aimed simulating structures in the native and in the random-coil states, respectively. The native-state simulation exhibited an ion-pair formation of the stabilizing V79K mutant as it was designed, and suggested a mutation-induced structural change of the most stabilizing T114D mutant. On the other hand, the random-coil-state simulation revealed a higher structural fluctuation of the destabilizing mutant S8D when compared to the wild type, suggesting that the higher entropy in the random-coil state deteriorated the thermal stability. The present thermo-stabilization design in the extramembrane regions based on the free-energy calculation and the subsequent evaluation by the molecular dynamics may be useful to improve the production of membrane proteins for structural studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tomoki Akiyama
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, and Molecular Chirality Research, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Naoki Kunishima
- RIKEN RSC-Rigaku Collaboration Center, RIKEN SPring-8 Center, Sayo-gun, Hyogo, Japan.,RIKEN SPring-8 Center, Sayo-gun, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Sayaka Nemoto
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, and Molecular Chirality Research, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kazuki Kazama
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, and Molecular Chirality Research, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Masako Hirose
- Malvern Panalytical division of Spectris Co., Ltd, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuki Sudo
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | | | | | - Takeshi Murata
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, and Molecular Chirality Research, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| |
Collapse
|