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Huang X, Mu N, Ding Y, Huang R, Wu W, Li L, Chen T. Tumor microenvironment targeting for glioblastoma multiforme treatment via hybrid cell membrane coating supramolecular micelles. J Control Release 2024; 366:194-203. [PMID: 38142965 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.12.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is one of the most common primary intracranial tumors in the central nervous system with poor prognosis, high invasiveness, risk of recurrence and low survival rate. Thus, it is urgent and vital to develop drug effective delivery systems that efficiently to traverse the blood-brain barrier and targeted transport therapeutic agents into the GBM tumor site for the treatment of brain tumors. Recently, amphiphilic cucurbit[7]uril-polyethylene glycol-hydrophobic Chlorin e6 (CB[7]-PEG-Ce6) polymer was designed, prepared, and self-assembled into micells (CPC) in an aqueous solution, and chemo drug methyl-triazeno-imidazole-carboxamide (MTIC), loaded into the cavity of CB[7] was subsequently coated with hybrid membrane mUMH (HMC3 membrane: macrophage membrane: U87MG membrane = 1:1:2) to afford mUMH@CPC@MTIC. The surface hybrid membrane mUMH potentially enhance the targeted delivery of CPC@MTIC to GBM tissue. Bioactive MTIC was released from the cavity of CB[7] in response to the high spermine level in GBM tumor microenvironments for effective tumor chemotherapy. The biomimetic mUMH@CPC@MTIC exhibited superior antitumor efficacy against GBM in mice. These findings provide new strategies for the design of biomimetic nanoparticle-based drug delivery systems and promising therapy of GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobei Huang
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.266 Fangzheng Avenue, Beibei District, Chongqing 400714, China.
| | - Ning Mu
- Department of Neurosurgy, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), 400038 Chongqing, China
| | - Yuanfu Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macau 999078, China
| | - Rong Huang
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.266 Fangzheng Avenue, Beibei District, Chongqing 400714, China
| | - Wei Wu
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Li Li
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.266 Fangzheng Avenue, Beibei District, Chongqing 400714, China
| | - Tunan Chen
- Department of Neurosurgy, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), 400038 Chongqing, China; Glioma Medical Research Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), 400038 Chongqing, China
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52
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Venkataramani V, Winkler F. [Glioblastomas exploit neuronal properties: a key to new forms of treatment?]. DER NERVENARZT 2024; 95:96-103. [PMID: 38157044 DOI: 10.1007/s00115-023-01589-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Recent research indicates that glioblastomas exhibit different neural properties that successfully promote tumor growth, colonize the brain and resist standard treatment. This opens up opportunities for new therapeutic strategies giving rise to the new research field of cancer neuroscience at the interface between oncology and neuroscience. It has been observed that glioblastomas as well as other incurable brain tumor entities, form multicellular tumor networks through long cell projections called tumor microtubes that are molecularly controlled by neuronal developmental mechanisms. These networks provide the tumor with efficient communication and resilience to external perturbations and are tumor-intrinsic continuously activated by pacemaker-like tumor cells. In addition, neuron-tumor networks have been discovered that also exploit direct glutamatergic synaptic contacts between nerve cells and tumor cells. These different neuronal mechanisms of the glioblastoma networks contribute to malignancy and resistance, which is why strategies to separate these multicellular networks were developed and are currently being investigated in initial clinical trials with respect to their therapeutic suitability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varun Venkataramani
- Neurology Clinic and National Center for Tumor Diseases, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, 69120, Heidelberg, Deutschland
| | - Frank Winkler
- Neurology Clinic and National Center for Tumor Diseases, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, 69120, Heidelberg, Deutschland.
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Neurooncology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Deutschland.
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Tran NV, Montanari MP, Gui J, Lubenets D, Fischbach LL, Antson H, Huang Y, Brutus E, Okada Y, Ishimoto Y, Tõnissoo T, Shimmi O. Programmed disassembly of a microtubule-based membrane protrusion network coordinates 3D epithelial morphogenesis in Drosophila. EMBO J 2024; 43:568-594. [PMID: 38263333 PMCID: PMC10897427 DOI: 10.1038/s44318-023-00025-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Comprehensive analysis of cellular dynamics during the process of morphogenesis is fundamental to understanding the principles of animal development. Despite recent advancements in light microscopy, how successive cell shape changes lead to complex three-dimensional tissue morphogenesis is still largely unresolved. Using in vivo live imaging of Drosophila wing development, we have studied unique cellular structures comprising a microtubule-based membrane protrusion network. This network, which we name here the Interplanar Amida Network (IPAN), links the two wing epithelium leaflets. Initially, the IPAN sustains cell-cell contacts between the two layers of the wing epithelium through basal protrusions. Subsequent disassembly of the IPAN involves loss of these contacts, with concomitant degeneration of aligned microtubules. These processes are both autonomously and non-autonomously required for mitosis, leading to coordinated tissue proliferation between two wing epithelia. Our findings further reveal that a microtubule organization switch from non-centrosomal to centrosomal microtubule-organizing centers (MTOCs) at the G2/M transition leads to disassembly of non-centrosomal microtubule-derived IPAN protrusions. These findings exemplify how cell shape change-mediated loss of inter-tissue contacts results in 3D tissue morphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ngan Vi Tran
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, 51010, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Martti P Montanari
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jinghua Gui
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Dmitri Lubenets
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, 51010, Tartu, Estonia
| | | | - Hanna Antson
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, 51010, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Yunxian Huang
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Erich Brutus
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, 51010, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Yasushi Okada
- Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, RIKEN, Osaka, Japan
- Departments of Cell Biology and Physics, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yukitaka Ishimoto
- Department of Machine Intelligence and Systems Engineering, Akita Prefectural University, Akita, 015-0055, Japan
| | - Tambet Tõnissoo
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, 51010, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Osamu Shimmi
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, 51010, Tartu, Estonia.
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, 00014, Helsinki, Finland.
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Fernández Moro C, Geyer N, Gerling M. Cellular spartans at the pass: Emerging intricacies of cell competition in early and late tumorigenesis. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2024; 86:102315. [PMID: 38181657 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2023.102315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
Cell competition is a mechanism for cellular quality control based on cell-cell comparisons of fitness. Recent studies have unveiled a central and complex role for cell competition in cancer. Early tumors exploit cell competition to replace neighboring normal epithelial cells. Intestinal adenomas, for example, use cell competition to outcompete wild-type epithelial cells. However, oncogenic mutations do not always confer an advantage: wild-type cells can identify mutant cells and enforce their extrusion through cell competition, a process termed "epithelial defense against cancer". A particularly interesting situation emerges in metastasis: supercompetitive tumor cells encounter heterotypic partners and engage in reciprocal competition with diverging outcomes. This article sheds light on the emerging complexity of cell competition by highlighting recent studies that unveil its context dependency. Finally, we propose that tissue histomorphology implies a crucial role for cell competition at tumor invasion fronts particularly in metastases, warranting increased attention in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Fernández Moro
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, 14183 Huddinge, Sweden; Department of Clinical Pathology and Cancer Diagnostics, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, 14186, Sweden; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, 14186 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Natalie Geyer
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, 14183 Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Marco Gerling
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, 14183 Huddinge, Sweden; Theme Cancer, Karolinska University Hospital, 17 176 Solna, Sweden.
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Valdes PA, Yu CC(J, Aronson J, Ghosh D, Zhao Y, An B, Bernstock JD, Bhere D, Felicella MM, Viapiano MS, Shah K, Chiocca EA, Boyden ES. Improved immunostaining of nanostructures and cells in human brain specimens through expansion-mediated protein decrowding. Sci Transl Med 2024; 16:eabo0049. [PMID: 38295184 PMCID: PMC10911838 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abo0049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
Proteins are densely packed in cells and tissues, where they form complex nanostructures. Expansion microscopy (ExM) variants have been used to separate proteins from each other in preserved biospecimens, improving antibody access to epitopes. Here, we present an ExM variant, decrowding expansion pathology (dExPath), that can expand proteins away from each other in human brain pathology specimens, including formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) clinical specimens. Immunostaining of dExPath-expanded specimens reveals, with nanoscale precision, previously unobserved cellular structures, as well as more continuous patterns of staining. This enhanced molecular staining results in observation of previously invisible disease marker-positive cell populations in human glioma specimens, with potential implications for tumor aggressiveness. dExPath results in improved fluorescence signals even as it eliminates lipofuscin-associated autofluorescence. Thus, this form of expansion-mediated protein decrowding may, through improved epitope access for antibodies, render immunohistochemistry more powerful in clinical science and, perhaps, diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo A. Valdes
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA, 02115
- Media Arts and Sciences, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA, 02115
| | - Chih-Chieh (Jay) Yu
- Media Arts and Sciences, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA, 02115
- Department of Biological Engineering, MIT, MA, USA, 02139
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA, 02139
- RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Saitama, Japan, 351-0198
| | - Jenna Aronson
- Media Arts and Sciences, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA, 02115
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA, 02139
- RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Saitama, Japan, 351-0198
| | - Debarati Ghosh
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA, 02139
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA, 02139
| | - Yongxin Zhao
- Media Arts and Sciences, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA, 02115
- Department of Biological Sciences, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA, 15213
| | - Bobae An
- Media Arts and Sciences, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA, 02115
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA, 02139
| | - Joshua D. Bernstock
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA, 02115
- Koch Institute, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA, 02139
| | - Deepak Bhere
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA, 02115
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine Columbia, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA, 29209
- Center for Stem Cell and Translational Immunotherapy, Harvard Medical School/Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA, 02115
| | - Michelle M. Felicella
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA, 77555
| | - Mariano S. Viapiano
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA, 13210
| | - Khalid Shah
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA, 02115
- Center for Stem Cell and Translational Immunotherapy, Harvard Medical School/Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA, 02115
| | - E. Antonio Chiocca
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA, 02115
| | - Edward S. Boyden
- Media Arts and Sciences, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA, 02115
- Department of Biological Engineering, MIT, MA, USA, 02139
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA, 02139
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA, 02139
- Koch Institute, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA, 02139
- MIT Center for Neurobiological Engineering and K. Lisa Yang Center for Bionics, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA, 02139
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA, 02139
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56
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Büttner T, Maerevoet MKE, Giordano FA, Veldwijk MR, Herskind C, Ruder AM. Combining a noble gas with radiotherapy: glutamate receptor antagonist xenon may act as a radiosensitizer in glioblastoma. Radiat Oncol 2024; 19:16. [PMID: 38291439 PMCID: PMC10826195 DOI: 10.1186/s13014-023-02395-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ionotropic glutamate receptors α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionic acid receptor (AMPAR) and N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) modulate proliferation, invasion and radioresistance in glioblastoma (GB). Pharmacological targeting is difficult as many in vitro-effective agents are not suitable for in patient applications. We aimed to develop a method to test the well tolerated AMPAR- and NMDAR-antagonist xenon gas as a radiosensitizer in GB. METHODS We designed a diffusion-based system to perform the colony formation assay (CFA), the radiobiological gold standard, under xenon exposure. Stable and reproducible gas atmosphere was validated with oxygen and carbon dioxide as tracer gases. After checking for AMPAR and NMDAR expression via immunofluorescence staining we performed the CFA with the glioblastoma cell lines U87 and U251 as well as the non-glioblastoma derived cell line HeLa. Xenon was applied after irradiation and additionally tested in combination with NMDAR antagonist memantine. RESULTS The gas exposure system proved compatible with the CFA and resulted in a stable atmosphere of 50% xenon. Indications for the presence of glutamate receptor subunits were present in glioblastoma-derived and HeLa cells. Significantly reduced clonogenic survival by xenon was shown in U87 and U251 at irradiation doses of 4-8 Gy and 2, 6 and 8 Gy, respectively (p < 0.05). Clonogenic survival was further reduced by the addition of memantine, showing a significant effect at 2-8 Gy for both glioblastoma cell lines (p < 0.05). Xenon did not significantly reduce the surviving fraction of HeLa cells until a radiation dose of 8 Gy. CONCLUSION The developed system allows for testing of gaseous agents with CFA. As a proof of concept, we have, for the first time, unveiled indications of radiosensitizing properties of xenon gas in glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Büttner
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University Medical Centre Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167, Mannheim, Germany.
- Clinic for Urology and Paediatric Urology, University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg Campus 1, 53127, Bonn, Germany.
| | - Marielena K E Maerevoet
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University Medical Centre Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Frank A Giordano
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University Medical Centre Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Marlon R Veldwijk
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University Medical Centre Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Carsten Herskind
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University Medical Centre Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Arne Mathias Ruder
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University Medical Centre Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167, Mannheim, Germany
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Smyth JW, Guo S, O'Rourke L, Deaver S, Dahlka J, Nurmemmedov E, Sheng Z, Gourdie RG, Lamouille S. Increased interaction between connexin43 and microtubules is critical for glioblastoma stem-like cell maintenance and tumorigenicity. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.01.26.576347. [PMID: 38328202 PMCID: PMC10849643 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.26.576347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common primary tumor of the central nervous system. One major challenge in GBM treatment is the resistance to chemotherapy and radiotherapy observed in subpopulations of cancer cells, including GBM stem-like cells (GSCs). These cells hold the ability to self-renew or differentiate following treatment, participating in tumor recurrence. The gap junction protein connexin43 (Cx43) has complex roles in oncogenesis and we have previously demonstrated an association between Cx43 and GBM chemotherapy resistance. Here, we report, for the first time, increased direct interaction between non-junctional Cx43 with microtubules in the cytoplasm of GSCs. We hypothesize that non-junctional Cx43/microtubule complexing is critical for GSC maintenance and survival and sought to specifically disrupt this interaction while maintaining other Cx43 functions, such as gap junction formation. Using a Cx43 mimetic peptide of the carboxyl terminal tubulin-binding domain of Cx43 (JM2), we successfully ablated Cx43 interaction with microtubules in GSCs. Importantly, administration of JM2 significantly decreased GSC survival in vitro , and limited GSC-derived tumor growth in vivo . Together, these results identify JM2 as a novel peptide drug to ablate GSCs in GBM treatment.
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Heuer S, Burghaus I, Gose M, Kessler T, Sahm F, Vollmuth P, Venkataramani V, Hoffmann D, Schlesner M, Ratliff M, Hopf C, Herrlinger U, Ricklefs F, Bendszus M, Krieg SM, Wick A, Wick W, Winkler F. PerSurge (NOA-30) phase II trial of perampanel treatment around surgery in patients with progressive glioblastoma. BMC Cancer 2024; 24:135. [PMID: 38279087 PMCID: PMC10811925 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-024-11846-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glioblastoma is the most frequent and a particularly malignant primary brain tumor with no efficacy-proven standard therapy for recurrence. It has recently been discovered that excitatory synapses of the AMPA-receptor subtype form between non-malignant brain neurons and tumor cells. This neuron-tumor network connectivity contributed to glioma progression and could be efficiently targeted with the EMA/FDA approved antiepileptic AMPA receptor inhibitor perampanel in preclinical studies. The PerSurge trial was designed to test the clinical potential of perampanel to reduce tumor cell network connectivity and tumor growth with an extended window-of-opportunity concept. METHODS PerSurge is a phase IIa clinical and translational treatment study around surgical resection of progressive or recurrent glioblastoma. In this multicenter, 2-arm parallel-group, double-blind superiority trial, patients are 1:1 randomized to either receive placebo or perampanel (n = 66 in total). It consists of a treatment and observation period of 60 days per patient, starting 30 days before a planned surgical resection, which itself is not part of the study interventions. Only patients with an expected safe waiting interval are included, and a safety MRI is performed. Tumor cell network connectivity from resected tumor tissue on single cell transcriptome level as well as AI-based assessment of tumor growth dynamics in T2/FLAIR MRI scans before resection will be analyzed as the co-primary endpoints. Secondary endpoints will include further imaging parameters such as pre- and postsurgical contrast enhanced MRI scans, postsurgical T2/FLAIR MRI scans, quality of life, cognitive testing, overall and progression-free survival as well as frequency of epileptic seizures. Further translational research will focus on additional biological aspects of neuron-tumor connectivity. DISCUSSION This trial is set up to assess first indications of clinical efficacy and tolerability of perampanel in recurrent glioblastoma, a repurposed drug which inhibits neuron-glioma synapses and thereby glioblastoma growth in preclinical models. If perampanel proved to be successful in the clinical setting, it would provide the first evidence that interference with neuron-cancer interactions may indeed lead to a benefit for patients, which would lay the foundation for a larger confirmatory trial in the future. TRIAL REGISTRATION EU-CT number: 2023-503938-52-00 30.11.2023.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Heuer
- Neurology Clinic and National Center for Tumor Diseases, University Hospital Heidelberg, INF 400, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Neurooncology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ina Burghaus
- Coordination Centre for Clinical Trials (KKS) Heidelberg, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Maria Gose
- Coordination Centre for Clinical Trials (KKS) Heidelberg, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tobias Kessler
- Neurology Clinic and National Center for Tumor Diseases, University Hospital Heidelberg, INF 400, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Neurooncology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Felix Sahm
- Department of Neuropathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, INF 224, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- CCU Neuropathology, German Consortium for Translational Cancer Research (DKTK), Geman Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Philipp Vollmuth
- Department of Neuroradiology, University Hospital Heidelberg, INF 400, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Varun Venkataramani
- Neurology Clinic and National Center for Tumor Diseases, University Hospital Heidelberg, INF 400, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Neurooncology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Functional Neuroanatomy, Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Dirk Hoffmann
- Neurology Clinic and National Center for Tumor Diseases, University Hospital Heidelberg, INF 400, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Neurooncology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Matthias Schlesner
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Biomedical Informatics, Data Mining and Data Analytics, University of Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Miriam Ratliff
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Neurooncology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Neurosurgery Clinic, University Hospital Mannheim, 68167, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Carsten Hopf
- Center for Mass Spectrometry and Optical Spectroscopy (CeMOS), Mannheim University of Applied Sciences, Paul-Wittsack Str. 10, 68163, Mannheim, Germany
- Medical Faculty, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
- Mannheim Center for Translational Neuroscience (MCTN), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ulrich Herrlinger
- Division of Clinical Neurooncology, Department of Neurology and Centre of Integrated Oncology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Franz Ricklefs
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Martin Bendszus
- Department of Neuroradiology, University Hospital Heidelberg, INF 400, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sandro M Krieg
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Antje Wick
- Neurology Clinic and National Center for Tumor Diseases, University Hospital Heidelberg, INF 400, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Wick
- Neurology Clinic and National Center for Tumor Diseases, University Hospital Heidelberg, INF 400, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Neurooncology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Frank Winkler
- Neurology Clinic and National Center for Tumor Diseases, University Hospital Heidelberg, INF 400, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Neurooncology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
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Jayaram MA, Phillips JJ. Role of the Microenvironment in Glioma Pathogenesis. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PATHOLOGY 2024; 19:181-201. [PMID: 37832944 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-pathmechdis-051122-110348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
Gliomas are a diverse group of primary central nervous system tumors that affect both children and adults. Recent studies have revealed a dynamic cross talk that occurs between glioma cells and components of their microenvironment, including neurons, astrocytes, immune cells, and the extracellular matrix. This cross talk regulates fundamental aspects of glioma development and growth. In this review, we discuss recent discoveries about the impact of these interactions on gliomas and highlight how tumor cells actively remodel their microenvironment to promote disease. These studies provide a better understanding of the interactions in the microenvironment that are important in gliomas, offer insight into the cross talk that occurs, and identify potential therapeutic vulnerabilities that can be utilized to improve clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maya Anjali Jayaram
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Brain Tumor Center, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA;
| | - Joanna J Phillips
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Brain Tumor Center, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA;
- Division of Neuropathology, Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
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Wang Y, Han X, Deng L, Wang X. Tunneling nanotube-transmitted mechanical signal and its cellular response. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2024; 693:149368. [PMID: 38091838 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.149368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
Tunneling nanotubes (TNTs) are elastic tubular structures that physically link cells, facilitating the intercellular transfer of organelles, chemical signals, and electrical signals. Despite TNTs serving as a multifunctional pathway for cell-cell communication, the transmission of mechanical signals through TNTs and the response of TNT-connected cells to these forces remain unexplored. In this study, external mechanical forces were applied to induce TNT bending between rat kidney (NRK) cells using micromanipulation. These forces, transmitted via TNTs, induced reduced curvature of the actin cortex and increased membrane tension at the TNT-connected sites. Additionally, TNT bending results in an elevation of intracellular calcium levels in TNT-connected cells, a response attenuated by gadolinium ions, a non-selective mechanosensitive calcium channel blocker. The degree of TNT deflection positively correlated with decreased actin cortex curvature and increased calcium levels. Furthermore, stretching TNT due to the separation of TNT-connected cells resulted in decreased actin cortex curvature and increased intracellular calcium in TNT-connected cells. The levels of these cellular responses depended on the length changes of TNTs. Moreover, TNT connections influence cell migration by regulating cell rotation, which involves the activation of mechanosensitive calcium channels. In conclusion, our study revealed the transmission of mechanical signals through TNTs and the subsequent responses of TNT-connected cells, highlighting a previously unrecognized communication function of TNTs. This research provides valuable insights into the role of TNTs in long-distance intercellular mechanical signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Health Sciences, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China; School of Pharmacy, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaoning Han
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Health Sciences, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China; School of Medical and Health Engineering, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Linhong Deng
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Health Sciences, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China; School of Medical and Health Engineering, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Xiang Wang
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Health Sciences, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China; School of Medical and Health Engineering, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China.
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61
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Catalano M, Limatola C, Trettel F. Non-neoplastic astrocytes: key players for brain tumor progression. Front Cell Neurosci 2024; 17:1352130. [PMID: 38293652 PMCID: PMC10825036 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2023.1352130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Astrocytes are highly plastic cells whose activity is essential to maintain the cerebral homeostasis, regulating synaptogenesis and synaptic transmission, vascular and metabolic functions, ions, neuro- and gliotransmitters concentrations. In pathological conditions, astrocytes may undergo transient or long-lasting molecular and functional changes that contribute to disease resolution or exacerbation. In recent years, many studies demonstrated that non-neoplastic astrocytes are key cells of the tumor microenvironment that contribute to the pathogenesis of glioblastoma, the most common primary malignant brain tumor and of secondary metastatic brain tumors. This Mini Review covers the recent development of research on non-neoplastic astrocytes as tumor-modulators. Their double-edged capability to promote cancer progression or to represent potential tools to counteract brain tumors will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myriam Catalano
- Laboratory of Neuroimmunology, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Cristina Limatola
- Laboratory of Neuroimmunology, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Flavia Trettel
- Laboratory of Neuroimmunology, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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Mastall M, Roth P, Bink A, Fischer Maranta A, Läubli H, Hottinger AF, Hundsberger T, Migliorini D, Ochsenbein A, Seystahl K, Imbach L, Hortobagyi T, Held L, Weller M, Wirsching HG. A phase Ib/II randomized, open-label drug repurposing trial of glutamate signaling inhibitors in combination with chemoradiotherapy in patients with newly diagnosed glioblastoma: the GLUGLIO trial protocol. BMC Cancer 2024; 24:82. [PMID: 38225589 PMCID: PMC10789019 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-023-11797-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glioblastoma is the most common and most aggressive malignant primary brain tumor in adults. Glioblastoma cells synthesize and secrete large quantities of the excitatory neurotransmitter glutamate, driving epilepsy, neuronal death, tumor growth and invasion. Moreover, neuronal networks interconnect with glioblastoma cell networks through glutamatergic neuroglial synapses, activation of which induces oncogenic calcium oscillations that are propagated via gap junctions between tumor cells. The primary objective of this study is to explore the efficacy of brain-penetrating anti-glutamatergic drugs to standard chemoradiotherapy in patients with glioblastoma. METHODS/DESIGN GLUGLIO is a 1:1 randomized phase Ib/II, parallel-group, open-label, multicenter trial of gabapentin, sulfasalazine, memantine and chemoradiotherapy (Arm A) versus chemoradiotherapy alone (Arm B) in patients with newly diagnosed glioblastoma. Planned accrual is 120 patients. The primary endpoint is progression-free survival at 6 months. Secondary endpoints include overall and seizure-free survival, quality of life of patients and caregivers, symptom burden and cognitive functioning. Glutamate levels will be assessed longitudinally by magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Other outcomes of interest include imaging response rate, neuronal hyperexcitability determined by longitudinal electroencephalography, Karnofsky performance status as a global measure of overall performance, anticonvulsant drug use and steroid use. Tumor tissue and blood will be collected for translational research. Subgroup survival analyses by baseline parameters include segregation by age, extent of resection, Karnofsky performance status, O6-methylguanine DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) promotor methylation status, steroid intake, presence or absence of seizures, tumor volume and glutamate levels determined by MR spectroscopy. The trial is currently recruiting in seven centers in Switzerland. TRIAL REGISTRATION NCT05664464. Registered 23 December 2022.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Mastall
- Department of Neurology, Clinical Neuroscience Center and Brain Tumor Center, University Hospital Zurich, Frauenklinikstrasse 26, Zurich, CH-8091, Switzerland
| | - Patrick Roth
- Department of Neurology, Clinical Neuroscience Center and Brain Tumor Center, University Hospital Zurich, Frauenklinikstrasse 26, Zurich, CH-8091, Switzerland
- Department of Neurology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Bink
- Department of Neuroradiology, Clinical Neuroscience Center, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Heinz Läubli
- Division of Medical Oncology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Thomas Hundsberger
- Department of Neurology and Medical Oncology, Cantonal Hospital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Denis Migliorini
- Department of Oncology, Hopitaux Universitaires de Genève, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Adrian Ochsenbein
- Department of Medical Oncology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Katharina Seystahl
- Department of Neurology and Neurorehabilitation, Cantonal Hospital Lucerne, Lucerne, Switzerland
| | - Lukas Imbach
- Swiss Epilepsy Center - Klinik Lengg, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Tibor Hortobagyi
- Department of Neuropathology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Leonhard Held
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michael Weller
- Department of Neurology, Clinical Neuroscience Center and Brain Tumor Center, University Hospital Zurich, Frauenklinikstrasse 26, Zurich, CH-8091, Switzerland
- Department of Neurology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Hans-Georg Wirsching
- Department of Neurology, Clinical Neuroscience Center and Brain Tumor Center, University Hospital Zurich, Frauenklinikstrasse 26, Zurich, CH-8091, Switzerland.
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Zhang S, Yang X, Tan Q, Sun H, Chen D, Chen Y, Zhang H, Yang Y, Gong Q, Yue Q. Cortical myelin and thickness mapping provide insights into whole-brain tumor burden in diffuse midline glioma. Cereb Cortex 2024; 34:bhad491. [PMID: 38112602 PMCID: PMC10793579 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhad491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Systemic infiltration is a hallmark of diffuse midline glioma pathogenesis, which can trigger distant disturbances in cortical structure. However, the existence and effects of these changes have been underexamined. This study aimed to investigate whole-brain cortical myelin and thickness alternations induced by diffuse midline glioma. High-resolution T1- and T2-weighted images were acquired from 90 patients with diffuse midline glioma with H3 K27-altered and 64 patients with wild-type and 86 healthy controls. Cortical thickness and myelin content was calculated using Human Connectome Project pipeline. Significant differences in cortical thickness and myelin content were detected among groups. Short-term survival prediction model was constructed using automated machine learning. Compared with healthy controls, diffuse midline glioma with H3 K27-altered patients showed significantly reduced cortical myelin in bilateral precentral gyrus, postcentral gyrus, insular, parahippocampal gyrus, fusiform gyrus, and cingulate gyrus, whereas diffuse midline glioma with H3 K27 wild-type patients exhibited well-preserved myelin content. Furtherly, when comparing diffuse midline glioma with H3 K27-altered and diffuse midline glioma with H3 K27 wild-type, the decreased cortical thickness in parietal and occipital regions along with demyelination in medial orbitofrontal cortex was observed in diffuse midline glioma with H3 K27-altered. Notably, a combination of cortical features and tumor radiomics allowed short-term survival prediction with accuracy 0.80 and AUC 0.84. These findings may aid clinicians in tailoring therapeutic approaches based on cortical characteristics, potentially enhancing the efficacy of current and future treatment modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simin Zhang
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Research Unit of Psychoradiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu 610072, China
| | - Xibiao Yang
- Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Qiaoyue Tan
- Division of Radiation Physics, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Huaiqiang Sun
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Research Unit of Psychoradiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu 610072, China
| | - Di Chen
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Research Unit of Psychoradiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu 610072, China
| | - Yinying Chen
- Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Hongjing Zhang
- Huaxi Glioma Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Department of Radiology, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Yuan Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Qiyong Gong
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Department of Radiology, West China Xiamen Hospital of Sichuan University, Xiamen 610041, China
| | - Qiang Yue
- Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Huaxi Glioma Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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Kim D, Olson JM, Cooper JA. N-cadherin dynamically regulates pediatric glioma cell migration in complex environments. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.04.04.535599. [PMID: 38260559 PMCID: PMC10802396 DOI: 10.1101/2023.04.04.535599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Pediatric high-grade gliomas are highly invasive and essentially incurable. Glioma cells migrate between neurons and glia, along axon tracts, and through extracellular matrix surrounding blood vessels and underlying the pia. Mechanisms that allow adaptation to such complex environments are poorly understood. N-cadherin is highly expressed in pediatric gliomas and associated with shorter survival. We found that inter-cellular homotypic N-cadherin interactions differentially regulate glioma migration according to the microenvironment, stimulating migration on cultured neurons or astrocytes but inhibiting invasion into reconstituted or astrocyte-deposited extracellular matrix. N-cadherin localizes to filamentous connections between migrating leader cells but to epithelial-like junctions between followers. Leader cells have more surface and recycling N-cadherin, increased YAP1/TAZ signaling, and increased proliferation relative to followers. YAP1/TAZ signaling is dynamically regulated as leaders and followers change position, leading to altered N-cadherin levels and organization. Together, the results suggest that pediatric glioma cells adapt to different microenvironments by regulating N-cadherin dynamics and cell-cell contacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dayoung Kim
- Basic Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - James M Olson
- Clinical Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
- Ben Towne Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, WA, 98101, USA
| | - Jonathan A Cooper
- Basic Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
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65
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Zhao L, Qiu Z, Yang Z, Xu L, Pearce TM, Wu Q, Yang K, Li F, Saulnier O, Fei F, Yu H, Gimple RC, Varadharajan V, Liu J, Hendrikse LD, Fong V, Wang W, Zhang J, Lv D, Lee D, Lehrich BM, Jin C, Ouyang L, Dixit D, Wu H, Wang X, Sloan AE, Wang X, Huan T, Mark Brown J, Goldman SA, Taylor MD, Zhou S, Rich JN. Lymphatic endothelial-like cells promote glioblastoma stem cell growth through cytokine-driven cholesterol metabolism. NATURE CANCER 2024; 5:147-166. [PMID: 38172338 DOI: 10.1038/s43018-023-00658-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Glioblastoma is the most lethal primary brain tumor with glioblastoma stem cells (GSCs) atop a cellular hierarchy. GSCs often reside in a perivascular niche, where they receive maintenance cues from endothelial cells, but the role of heterogeneous endothelial cell populations remains unresolved. Here, we show that lymphatic endothelial-like cells (LECs), while previously unrecognized in brain parenchyma, are present in glioblastomas and promote growth of CCR7-positive GSCs through CCL21 secretion. Disruption of CCL21-CCR7 paracrine communication between LECs and GSCs inhibited GSC proliferation and growth. LEC-derived CCL21 induced KAT5-mediated acetylation of HMGCS1 on K273 in GSCs to enhance HMGCS1 protein stability. HMGCS1 promoted cholesterol synthesis in GSCs, favorable for tumor growth. Expression of the CCL21-CCR7 axis correlated with KAT5 expression and HMGCS1K273 acetylation in glioblastoma specimens, informing patient outcome. Collectively, glioblastomas contain previously unrecognized LECs that promote the molecular crosstalk between endothelial and tumor cells, offering potentially alternative therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linjie Zhao
- University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Zhixin Qiu
- University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Institute for Translational Brain Research, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhengnan Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of the Ministry of Education, and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Second Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center, Chengdu, China
| | - Lian Xu
- Department of Pathology, West China Second Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Thomas M Pearce
- Department of Pathology, Division of Neuropathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Qiulian Wu
- University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Kailin Yang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Taussig Cancer Center, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - FuLong Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Olivier Saulnier
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Developmental & Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Fan Fei
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Huaxu Yu
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Ryan C Gimple
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Venkateshwari Varadharajan
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Center for Microbiome and Human Health, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Juxiu Liu
- Division of Obstetrics, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Disease of Women and Children of MOE, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Second Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Liam D Hendrikse
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Developmental & Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Vernon Fong
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Developmental & Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Gynecology, Huzhou Maternity & Child Health Care Hospital, Huzhou, China
| | - Jiao Zhang
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Developmental & Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Deguan Lv
- University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Derrick Lee
- University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Brandon M Lehrich
- University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Chunyu Jin
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Liang Ouyang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, China
| | - Deobrat Dixit
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Haoxing Wu
- Huaxi MR Research Center, Department of Radiology, Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiang Wang
- Division of Obstetrics, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Disease of Women and Children of MOE, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Second Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Andrew E Sloan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Xiuxing Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tao Huan
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - J Mark Brown
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Center for Microbiome and Human Health, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Steven A Goldman
- University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
- University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Michael D Taylor
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Developmental & Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Neurosurgery, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Shengtao Zhou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of the Ministry of Education, and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Second Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center, Chengdu, China.
| | - Jeremy N Rich
- University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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Yadav N, Purow BW. Understanding current experimental models of glioblastoma-brain microenvironment interactions. J Neurooncol 2024; 166:213-229. [PMID: 38180686 PMCID: PMC11056965 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-023-04536-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is a common and devastating primary brain tumor, with median survival of 16-18 months after diagnosis in the setting of substantial resistance to standard-of-care and inevitable tumor recurrence. Recent work has implicated the brain microenvironment as being critical for GBM proliferation, invasion, and resistance to treatment. GBM does not operate in isolation, with neurons, astrocytes, and multiple immune populations being implicated in GBM tumor progression and invasiveness. The goal of this review article is to provide an overview of the available in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo experimental models for assessing GBM-brain interactions, as well as discuss each model's relative strengths and limitations. Current in vitro models discussed will include 2D and 3D co-culture platforms with various cells of the brain microenvironment, as well as spheroids, whole organoids, and models of fluid dynamics, such as interstitial flow. An overview of in vitro and ex vivo organotypic GBM brain slices is also provided. Finally, we conclude with a discussion of the various in vivo rodent models of GBM, including xenografts, syngeneic grafts, and genetically-engineered models of GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niket Yadav
- Department of Neurology, University of Virginia Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA, 22903, USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - Benjamin W Purow
- Department of Neurology, University of Virginia Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA, 22903, USA.
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Bahcheli AT, Min HK, Bayati M, Zhao H, Fortuna A, Dong W, Dzneladze I, Chan J, Chen X, Guevara-Hoyer K, Dirks PB, Huang X, Reimand J. Pan-cancer ion transport signature reveals functional regulators of glioblastoma aggression. EMBO J 2024; 43:196-224. [PMID: 38177502 PMCID: PMC10897389 DOI: 10.1038/s44318-023-00016-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Ion channels, transporters, and other ion-flux controlling proteins, collectively comprising the "ion permeome", are common drug targets, however, their roles in cancer remain understudied. Our integrative pan-cancer transcriptome analysis shows that genes encoding the ion permeome are significantly more often highly expressed in specific subsets of cancer samples, compared to pan-transcriptome expectations. To enable target selection, we identified 410 survival-associated IP genes in 33 cancer types using a machine-learning approach. Notably, GJB2 and SCN9A show prominent expression in neoplastic cells and are associated with poor prognosis in glioblastoma, the most common and aggressive brain cancer. GJB2 or SCN9A knockdown in patient-derived glioblastoma cells induces transcriptome-wide changes involving neuron projection and proliferation pathways, impairs cell viability and tumor sphere formation in vitro, perturbs tunneling nanotube dynamics, and extends the survival of glioblastoma-bearing mice. Thus, aberrant activation of genes encoding ion transport proteins appears as a pan-cancer feature defining tumor heterogeneity, which can be exploited for mechanistic insights and therapy development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander T Bahcheli
- Computational Biology Program, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Hyun-Kee Min
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Masroor Bayati
- Computational Biology Program, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Hongyu Zhao
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Neurosurgery and Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Brain Tumor Research, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Alexander Fortuna
- Computational Biology Program, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Weifan Dong
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Irakli Dzneladze
- Computational Biology Program, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jade Chan
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Xin Chen
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Songjiang Research Institute, Songjiang Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Kissy Guevara-Hoyer
- Computational Biology Program, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Cancer Immunomonitoring and Immuno-Mediated Pathologies Support Unit, Department of Clinical Immunology, Institute of Laboratory Medicine (IML) and Biomedical Research Foundation (IdiSCC), San Carlos Clinical Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Peter B Dirks
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Xi Huang
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| | - Jüri Reimand
- Computational Biology Program, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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Panda SK, Torsiello M, Rehman A, Desiderio V, Del Vecchio V. Mitochondrial Transfer Between Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Cancer Cells. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2835:39-48. [PMID: 39105904 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3995-5_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/07/2024]
Abstract
Mitochondrial transfer (MT) is a biological process that allows a donor cell to horizontally share its own mitochondria with a recipient cell. Mitochondria are highly dynamic membrane-bound sub-cellular organelles prominently involved in the regulation of the cell energy balance, calcium homeostasis, and apoptotic machinery activation. They physiologically undergo fusion and fission processes in response to the cell requirement, with a continuous morphological re-arrangement. This structural and functional plasticity is at the basis of the MT, described in tissue regeneration, cardiac and neurological diseases, as well as in cancer. Here, the MT has been observed in the tumor micro-environment (TME) from the adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) to the cancer cells, eventually reverting the lack of the mitochondria respiration function, or enhancing their motility and drug resistance. In this chapter, we outline some key protocols for evaluating this exciting phenomenon of MT. These methodological and technical approaches are very important, considering all the limitations that scientists constantly face, especially in this field of the research.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Kumar Panda
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Histology and Embryology Section, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - M Torsiello
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Histology and Embryology Section, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - A Rehman
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Histology and Embryology Section, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Desiderio
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Histology and Embryology Section, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - V Del Vecchio
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Histology and Embryology Section, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy.
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Kumar U. Somatostatin and Somatostatin Receptors in Tumour Biology. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 25:436. [PMID: 38203605 PMCID: PMC10779198 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 12/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Somatostatin (SST), a growth hormone inhibitory peptide, is expressed in endocrine and non-endocrine tissues, immune cells and the central nervous system (CNS). Post-release from secretory or immune cells, the first most appreciated role that SST exhibits is the antiproliferative effect in target tissue that served as a potential therapeutic intervention in various tumours of different origins. The SST-mediated in vivo and/or in vitro antiproliferative effect in the tumour is considered direct via activation of five different somatostatin receptor subtypes (SSTR1-5), which are well expressed in most tumours and often more than one receptor in a single cell. Second, the indirect effect is associated with the regulation of growth factors. SSTR subtypes are crucial in tumour diagnosis and prognosis. In this review, with the recent development of new SST analogues and receptor-specific agonists with emerging functional consequences of signaling pathways are promising therapeutic avenues in tumours of different origins that are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ujendra Kumar
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
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Abbruzzese C, Matteoni S, Matarrese P, Signore M, Ascione B, Iessi E, Gurtner A, Sacconi A, Ricci-Vitiani L, Pallini R, Pace A, Villani V, Polo A, Costantini S, Budillon A, Ciliberto G, Paggi MG. Chlorpromazine affects glioblastoma bioenergetics by interfering with pyruvate kinase M2. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:821. [PMID: 38092755 PMCID: PMC10719363 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-06353-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most frequent and lethal brain tumor, whose therapeutic outcome - only partially effective with current schemes - places this disease among the unmet medical needs, and effective therapeutic approaches are urgently required. In our attempts to identify repositionable drugs in glioblastoma therapy, we identified the neuroleptic drug chlorpromazine (CPZ) as a very promising compound. Here we aimed to further unveil the mode of action of this drug. We performed a supervised recognition of the signal transduction pathways potentially influenced by CPZ via Reverse-Phase Protein microArrays (RPPA) and carried out an Activity-Based Protein Profiling (ABPP) followed by Mass Spectrometry (MS) analysis to possibly identify cellular factors targeted by the drug. Indeed, the glycolytic enzyme PKM2 was identified as one of the major targets of CPZ. Furthermore, using the Seahorse platform, we analyzed the bioenergetics changes induced by the drug. Consistent with the ability of CPZ to target PKM2, we detected relevant changes in GBM energy metabolism, possibly attributable to the drug's ability to inhibit the oncogenic properties of PKM2. RPE-1 non-cancer neuroepithelial cells appeared less responsive to the drug. PKM2 silencing reduced the effects of CPZ. 3D modeling showed that CPZ interacts with PKM2 tetramer in the same region involved in binding other known activators. The effect of CPZ can be epitomized as an inhibition of the Warburg effect and thus malignancy in GBM cells, while sparing RPE-1 cells. These preclinical data enforce the rationale that allowed us to investigate the role of CPZ in GBM treatment in a recent multicenter Phase II clinical trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Abbruzzese
- Cellular Networks and Molecular Therapeutic Targets, Proteomics Unit, IRCCS - Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, 00144, Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Matteoni
- Cellular Networks and Molecular Therapeutic Targets, Proteomics Unit, IRCCS - Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, 00144, Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Matarrese
- Center for Gender-Specific Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Michele Signore
- RPPA Unit, Proteomics Area, Core Facilities, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Barbara Ascione
- Center for Gender-Specific Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Iessi
- Center for Gender-Specific Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Aymone Gurtner
- SAFU Unit, IRCCS - Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, 00144, Rome, Italy
- The Institute of Translational Pharmacology - IFT - CNR, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Sacconi
- UOSD Clinical Trial Center, Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, IRCCS - Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, 00144, Rome, Italy
| | - Lucia Ricci-Vitiani
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Roberto Pallini
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Institute of Neurosurgery, Catholic University School of Medicine, 00168, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Pace
- Neuro-Oncology, IRCCS - Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Veronica Villani
- Neuro-Oncology, IRCCS - Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Polo
- Experimental Pharmacology Unit, Laboratori di Mercogliano, Istituto Nazionale Tumori-IRCCS-Fondazione G. Pascale, 80131, Napoli, Italy
| | - Susan Costantini
- Experimental Pharmacology Unit, Laboratori di Mercogliano, Istituto Nazionale Tumori-IRCCS-Fondazione G. Pascale, 80131, Napoli, Italy
| | - Alfredo Budillon
- Scientific Directorate, Istituto Nazionale Tumori-IRCCS-Fondazione G. Pascale, 80131, Napoli, Italy
| | - Gennaro Ciliberto
- Scientific Directorate, IRCCS - Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, 00144, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco G Paggi
- Cellular Networks and Molecular Therapeutic Targets, Proteomics Unit, IRCCS - Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, 00144, Rome, Italy.
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71
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Mellor NG, Chung SA, Graham ES, Day BW, Unsworth CP. Eliciting calcium transients with UV nanosecond laser stimulation in adult patient-derived glioblastoma brain cancer cells in vitro. J Neural Eng 2023; 20:066026. [PMID: 37988746 DOI: 10.1088/1741-2552/ad0e7d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
Objective.Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and lethal type of high-grade adult brain cancer. The World Health Organization have classed GBM as an incurable disease because standard treatments have yielded little improvement with life-expectancy being 6-15 months after diagnosis. Different approaches are now crucial to discover new knowledge about GBM communication/function in order to establish alternative therapies for such an aggressive adult brain cancer. Calcium (Ca2+) is a fundamental cell molecular messenger employed in GBM being involved in a wide dynamic range of cellular processes. Understanding how the movement of Ca2+behaves and modulates activity in GBM at the single-cell level is relatively unexplored but holds the potential to yield opportunities for new therapeutic strategies and approaches for cancer treatment.Approach.In this article we establish a spatially and temporally precise method for stimulating Ca2+transients in three patient-derived GBM cell-lines (FPW1, RN1, and RKI1) such that Ca2+communication can be studied from single-cell to larger network scales. We demonstrate that this is possible by administering a single optimized ultra-violet (UV) nanosecond laser pulse to trigger GBM Ca2+transients.Main results.We determine that 1.58µJµm-2is the optimal UV nanosecond laser pulse energy density necessary to elicit a single Ca2+transient in the GBM cell-lines whilst maintaining viability, functionality, the ability to be stimulated many times in an experiment, and to trigger further Ca2+communication in a larger network of GBM cells.Significance.Using adult patient-derived mesenchymal GBM brain cancer cell-lines, the most aggressive form of GBM cancer, this work is the first of its kind as it provides a new effective modality of which to stimulate GBM cells at the single-cell level in an accurate, repeatable, and reliable manner; and is a first step toward Ca2+communication in GBM brain cancer cells and their networks being more effectively studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas G Mellor
- Department of Engineering Science, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Sylvia A Chung
- Adult Cancer Program, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - E Scott Graham
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology & The Centre for Brain Research, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Bryan W Day
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Charles P Unsworth
- Department of Engineering Science, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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Genoud V, Kinnersley B, Brown NF, Ottaviani D, Mulholland P. Therapeutic Targeting of Glioblastoma and the Interactions with Its Microenvironment. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:5790. [PMID: 38136335 PMCID: PMC10741850 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15245790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common primary malignant brain tumour, and it confers a dismal prognosis despite intensive multimodal treatments. Whilst historically, research has focussed on the evolution of GBM tumour cells themselves, there is growing recognition of the importance of studying the tumour microenvironment (TME). Improved characterisation of the interaction between GBM cells and the TME has led to a better understanding of therapeutic resistance and the identification of potential targets to block these escape mechanisms. This review describes the network of cells within the TME and proposes treatment strategies for simultaneously targeting GBM cells, the surrounding immune cells, and the crosstalk between them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vassilis Genoud
- Glioblastoma Research Group, University College London, London WC1E 6DD, UK (B.K.)
- Department of Oncology, University College London Hospitals, London NW1 2PB, UK
- Department of Oncology, University Hospitals of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
- Centre for Translational Research in Onco-Haematology, University of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Ben Kinnersley
- Glioblastoma Research Group, University College London, London WC1E 6DD, UK (B.K.)
- Department of Oncology, University College London Hospitals, London NW1 2PB, UK
| | - Nicholas F. Brown
- Glioblastoma Research Group, University College London, London WC1E 6DD, UK (B.K.)
- Guy’s Cancer, Guy’s & St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London SE1 3SS, UK
| | - Diego Ottaviani
- Glioblastoma Research Group, University College London, London WC1E 6DD, UK (B.K.)
- Department of Oncology, University College London Hospitals, London NW1 2PB, UK
| | - Paul Mulholland
- Glioblastoma Research Group, University College London, London WC1E 6DD, UK (B.K.)
- Department of Oncology, University College London Hospitals, London NW1 2PB, UK
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73
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Liu RZ, Choi WS, Jain S, Xu X, Elsherbiny ME, Glubrecht DD, Tessier AG, Easaw JC, Fallone BG, Godbout R. Stationary-to-migratory transition in glioblastoma stem-like cells driven by a fatty acid-binding protein 7-RXRα neurogenic pathway. Neuro Oncol 2023; 25:2177-2190. [PMID: 37499046 PMCID: PMC10708933 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noad134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glioblastoma (GBM) stem-like cells (GSCs) are crucial drivers of treatment resistance and tumor recurrence. While the concept of "migrating" cancer stem cells was proposed a decade ago, the roles and underlying mechanisms of the heterogeneous populations of GSCs remain poorly defined. METHODS Cell migration using GBM cell lines and patient-derived GSCs was examined using Transwell inserts and the scratch assay. Single-cell RNA sequencing data analysis were used to map GSC drivers to specific GBM cell populations. Xenografted mice were used to model the role of brain-type fatty acid-binding protein 7 (FABP7) in GBM infiltration and expansion. The mechanism by which FABP7 and its fatty acid ligands promote GSC migration was examined by gel shift and luciferase gene reporter assays. RESULTS A subpopulation of FABP7-expressing migratory GSCs was identified, with FABP7 upregulating SOX2, a key modulator for GBM stemness and plasticity, and ZEB1, a prominent factor in GBM epithelial-mesenchymal transition and invasiveness. Our data indicate that GSC migration is driven by nuclear FABP7 through activation of RXRα, a nuclear receptor activated by polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). CONCLUSION Infiltrative progression in GBM is driven by migratory GSCs through activation of a PUFA-FABP7-RXRα neurogenic pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong-Zong Liu
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Cross Cancer Institute, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Won-Shik Choi
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Cross Cancer Institute, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Saket Jain
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Cross Cancer Institute, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Xia Xu
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Cross Cancer Institute, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | | | - Darryl D Glubrecht
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Cross Cancer Institute, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Anthony G Tessier
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Cross Cancer Institute, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Jacob C Easaw
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Cross Cancer Institute, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - B Gino Fallone
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Cross Cancer Institute, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Roseline Godbout
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Cross Cancer Institute, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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Ratliff M, Karimian-Jazi K, Hoffmann DC, Rauschenbach L, Simon M, Hai L, Mandelbaum H, Schubert MC, Kessler T, Uhlig S, Dominguez Azorin D, Jung E, Osswald M, Solecki G, Maros ME, Venkataramani V, Glas M, Etminan N, Scheffler B, Wick W, Winkler F. Individual glioblastoma cells harbor both proliferative and invasive capabilities during tumor progression. Neuro Oncol 2023; 25:2150-2162. [PMID: 37335907 PMCID: PMC10708941 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noad109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glioblastomas are characterized by aggressive and infiltrative growth, and by striking heterogeneity. The aim of this study was to investigate whether tumor cell proliferation and invasion are interrelated, or rather distinct features of different cell populations. METHODS Tumor cell invasion and proliferation were longitudinally determined in real-time using 3D in vivo 2-photon laser scanning microscopy over weeks. Glioblastoma cells expressed fluorescent markers that permitted the identification of their mitotic history or their cycling versus non-cycling cell state. RESULTS Live reporter systems were established that allowed us to dynamically determine the invasive behavior, and previous or actual proliferation of distinct glioblastoma cells, in different tumor regions and disease stages over time. Particularly invasive tumor cells that migrated far away from the main tumor mass, when followed over weeks, had a history of marked proliferation and maintained their proliferative capacity during brain colonization. Infiltrating cells showed fewer connections to the multicellular tumor cell network, a typical feature of gliomas. Once tumor cells colonized a new brain region, their phenotype progressively transitioned into tumor microtube-rich, interconnected, slower-cycling glioblastoma cells. Analysis of resected human glioblastomas confirmed a higher proliferative potential of tumor cells from the invasion zone. CONCLUSIONS The detection of glioblastoma cells that harbor both particularly high proliferative and invasive capabilities during brain tumor progression provides valuable insights into the interrelatedness of proliferation and migration-2 central traits of malignancy in glioma. This contributes to our understanding of how the brain is efficiently colonized in this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Ratliff
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Neurooncology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Kianush Karimian-Jazi
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Neurooncology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Dirk C Hoffmann
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Neurooncology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Neurology Clinic and Neurooncology Program and National Center for Tumor Diseases, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Faculty of Biosciences, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Laurèl Rauschenbach
- DKFZ-Division Translational Neurooncology at the WTZ, DKTK Partner Site, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
- Institute of Reconstructive Neurobiology, University of Bonn Medical Faculty and University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Department of Neurosurgery and Spine Surgery, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Matthias Simon
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Bonn Medical Center, Bonn, Germany
- Department of Neurosurgery, Bethel Clinic, University of Bielefeld Medical Center, OWL, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Ling Hai
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Neurooncology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Henriette Mandelbaum
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Neurooncology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marc C Schubert
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Neurooncology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Neurology Clinic and Neurooncology Program and National Center for Tumor Diseases, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Functional Neuroanatomy, Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tobias Kessler
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Neurooncology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Neurology Clinic and Neurooncology Program and National Center for Tumor Diseases, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stefanie Uhlig
- FlowCore Mannheim and Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Immunology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Daniel Dominguez Azorin
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Neurooncology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Neurology Clinic and Neurooncology Program and National Center for Tumor Diseases, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Erik Jung
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Neurooncology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Neurology Clinic and Neurooncology Program and National Center for Tumor Diseases, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Matthias Osswald
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Neurooncology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Neurology Clinic and Neurooncology Program and National Center for Tumor Diseases, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Gergely Solecki
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Neurooncology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Máté E Maros
- Department of Biomedical Informatics at the Center for Preventive Medicine and Digital Health (CPD-BW), University Hospital Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Varun Venkataramani
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Neurooncology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Neurology Clinic and Neurooncology Program and National Center for Tumor Diseases, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Functional Neuroanatomy, Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Martin Glas
- DKFZ-Division Translational Neurooncology at the WTZ, DKTK Partner Site, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
- Division of Clinical Neurooncology, Department of Neurology, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Nima Etminan
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Björn Scheffler
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Neurooncology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- DKFZ-Division Translational Neurooncology at the WTZ, DKTK Partner Site, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
- Institute of Reconstructive Neurobiology, University of Bonn Medical Faculty and University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Wick
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Neurooncology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Neurology Clinic and Neurooncology Program and National Center for Tumor Diseases, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Frank Winkler
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Neurooncology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Neurology Clinic and Neurooncology Program and National Center for Tumor Diseases, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
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Mathews J, Levin M. Cancer's unique bioelectric properties: From cells to body-wide networks: Comment on: "The distinguishing electrical properties of cancer cells" by Elisabetta Di Gregorio, Simone Israel, Michael Staelens, Gabriella Tankel, Karthik Shankar, and Jack A. Tuszynski (this issue). Phys Life Rev 2023; 47:113-115. [PMID: 37837910 DOI: 10.1016/j.plrev.2023.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- J Mathews
- Allen Discovery Center at Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA
| | - M Levin
- Allen Discovery Center at Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA; Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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Lan Y, Zou S, Wang W, Chen Q, Zhu Y. Progress in cancer neuroscience. MedComm (Beijing) 2023; 4:e431. [PMID: 38020711 PMCID: PMC10665600 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer of the central nervous system (CNS) can crosstalk systemically and locally in the tumor microenvironment and has become a topic of attention for tumor initiation and advancement. Recently studied neuronal and cancer interaction fundamentally altered the knowledge about glioma and metastases, indicating how cancers invade complex neuronal networks. This review systematically discussed the interactions between neurons and cancers and elucidates new therapeutic avenues. We have overviewed the current understanding of direct or indirect communications of neuronal cells with cancer and the mechanisms associated with cancer invasion. Besides, tumor-associated neuronal dysfunction and the influence of cancer therapies on the CNS are highlighted. Furthermore, interactions between peripheral nervous system and various cancers have also been discussed separately. Intriguingly and importantly, it cannot be ignored that exosomes could mediate the "wireless communications" between nervous system and cancer. Finally, promising future strategies targeting neuronal-brain tumor interactions were reviewed. A great deal of work remains to be done to elucidate the neuroscience of cancer, and future more research should be directed toward clarifying the precise mechanisms of cancer neuroscience, which hold enormous promise to improve outcomes for a wide range of malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu‐Long Lan
- Department of NeurosurgerySecond Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiangChina
- Key Laboratory of Precise Treatment and Clinical Translational Research of Neurological DiseasesHangzhouZhejiangChina
- Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases of Zhejiang ProvinceHangzhouChina
| | - Shuang Zou
- Key Laboratory of Neuropharmacology and Translational Medicine of Zhejiang Province, School of Pharmaceutical ScienceZhejiang Chinese Medical UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Wen Wang
- Department of NeurosurgeryBeijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Qi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Neuropharmacology and Translational Medicine of Zhejiang Province, School of Pharmaceutical ScienceZhejiang Chinese Medical UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Yongjian Zhu
- Department of NeurosurgerySecond Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiangChina
- Key Laboratory of Precise Treatment and Clinical Translational Research of Neurological DiseasesHangzhouZhejiangChina
- Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases of Zhejiang ProvinceHangzhouChina
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Winkler F. Neuroscience and oncology: state-of-the-art and new perspectives. Curr Opin Neurol 2023; 36:544-548. [PMID: 37973023 DOI: 10.1097/wco.0000000000001207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Emerging discoveries suggest that both the central (CNS) and peripheral (PNS) nervous system are an important driver of cancer initiation, promotion, dissemination, and therapy resistance, not only in the brain but also in multiple cancer types throughout the body. This article highlights the most recent developments in this emerging field of research over the last year and provides a roadmap for the future, emphasizing its translational potential. RECENT FINDINGS Excitatory synapses between neurons and cancer cells that drive growth and invasion have been detected and characterized. In addition, a plethora of paracrine, mostly tumor-promoting neuro-cancer interactions are reported, and a neuro-immuno-cancer axis emerges. Cancer cell-intrinsic neural properties, and cancer (therapy) effects on the nervous system that cause morbidity in patients and can establish harmful feedback loops receive increasing attention. Despite the relative novelty of these findings, therapies that inhibit key mechanisms of this neuro-cancer crosstalk are developed, and already tested in clinical trials, largely by repurposing of approved drugs. SUMMARY Neuro-cancer interactions are manyfold, have multiple clinical implications, and can lead to novel neuroscience-instructed cancer therapies and improved therapies of neurological dysfunctions and cancer pain. The development of biomarkers and identification of most promising therapeutic targets is crucial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Winkler
- Neurology Clinic and National Center for Tumor Diseases, University Hospital Heidelberg
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Neurooncology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
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Maas DA, Douw L. Multiscale network neuroscience in neuro-oncology: How tumors, brain networks, and behavior connect across scales. Neurooncol Pract 2023; 10:506-517. [PMID: 38026586 PMCID: PMC10666814 DOI: 10.1093/nop/npad044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Network neuroscience refers to the investigation of brain networks across different spatial and temporal scales, and has become a leading framework to understand the biology and functioning of the brain. In neuro-oncology, the study of brain networks has revealed many insights into the structure and function of cells, circuits, and the entire brain, and their association with both functional status (e.g., cognition) and survival. This review connects network findings from different scales of investigation, with the combined aim of informing neuro-oncological healthcare professionals on this exciting new field and also delineating the promising avenues for future translational and clinical research that may allow for application of network methods in neuro-oncological care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorien A Maas
- Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Linda Douw
- Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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79
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Taylor KR, Monje M. Neuron-oligodendroglial interactions in health and malignant disease. Nat Rev Neurosci 2023; 24:733-746. [PMID: 37857838 PMCID: PMC10859969 DOI: 10.1038/s41583-023-00744-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Experience sculpts brain structure and function. Activity-dependent modulation of the myelinated infrastructure of the nervous system has emerged as a dimension of adaptive change during childhood development and in adulthood. Myelination is a richly dynamic process, with neuronal activity regulating oligodendrocyte precursor cell proliferation, oligodendrogenesis and myelin structural changes in some axonal subtypes and in some regions of the nervous system. This myelin plasticity and consequent changes to conduction velocity and circuit dynamics can powerfully influence neurological functions, including learning and memory. Conversely, disruption of the mechanisms mediating adaptive myelination can contribute to cognitive impairment. The robust effects of neuronal activity on normal oligodendroglial precursor cells, a putative cellular origin for many forms of glioma, indicates that dysregulated or 'hijacked' mechanisms of myelin plasticity could similarly promote growth in this devastating group of brain cancers. Indeed, neuronal activity promotes the pathogenesis of many forms of glioma in preclinical models through activity-regulated paracrine factors and direct neuron-to-glioma synapses. This synaptic integration of glioma into neural circuits is central to tumour growth and invasion. Thus, not only do neuron-oligodendroglial interactions modulate neural circuit structure and function in the healthy brain, but neuron-glioma interactions also have important roles in the pathogenesis of glial malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn R Taylor
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Michelle Monje
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
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80
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Hillen T, Loy N, Painter KJ, Thiessen R. Modelling microtube driven invasion of glioma. J Math Biol 2023; 88:4. [PMID: 38015257 PMCID: PMC10684558 DOI: 10.1007/s00285-023-02025-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Malignant gliomas are notoriously invasive, a major impediment against their successful treatment. This invasive growth has motivated the use of predictive partial differential equation models, formulated at varying levels of detail, and including (i) "proliferation-infiltration" models, (ii) "go-or-grow" models, and (iii) anisotropic diffusion models. Often, these models use macroscopic observations of a diffuse tumour interface to motivate a phenomenological description of invasion, rather than performing a detailed and mechanistic modelling of glioma cell invasion processes. Here we close this gap. Based on experiments that support an important role played by long cellular protrusions, termed tumour microtubes, we formulate a new model for microtube-driven glioma invasion. In particular, we model a population of tumour cells that extend tissue-infiltrating microtubes. Mitosis leads to new nuclei that migrate along the microtubes and settle elsewhere. A combination of steady state analysis and numerical simulation is employed to show that the model can predict an expanding tumour, with travelling wave solutions led by microtube dynamics. A sequence of scaling arguments allows us reduce the detailed model into simpler formulations, including models falling into each of the general classes (i), (ii), and (iii) above. This analysis allows us to clearly identify the assumptions under which these various models can be a posteriori justified in the context of microtube-driven glioma invasion. Numerical simulations are used to compare the various model classes and we discuss their advantages and disadvantages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Hillen
- Department of Mathematical and Statistical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada.
| | - Nadia Loy
- Department of Mathematical Sciences (DISMA), Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Kevin J Painter
- Interuniversity Department of Regional and Urban Studies and Planning (DIST), Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Ryan Thiessen
- Department of Mathematical and Statistical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
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81
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Belian S, Korenkova O, Zurzolo C. Actin-based protrusions at a glance. J Cell Sci 2023; 136:jcs261156. [PMID: 37987375 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.261156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Actin-based protrusions are at the base of many fundamental cellular processes, such as cell adhesion, migration and intercellular communication. In recent decades, the discovery of new types of actin-based protrusions with unique functions has enriched our comprehension of cellular processes. However, as the repertoire of protrusions continues to expand, the rationale behind the classification of newly identified and previously known structures becomes unclear. Although current nomenclature allows good categorization of protrusions based on their functions, it struggles to distinguish them when it comes to structure, composition or formation mechanisms. In this Cell Science at a Glance article, we discuss the different types of actin-based protrusions, focusing on filopodia, cytonemes and tunneling nanotubes, to help better distinguish and categorize them based on their structural and functional differences and similarities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sevan Belian
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR 3691, Membrane Traffic and Pathogenesis, F-75015 Paris, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Olga Korenkova
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR 3691, Membrane Traffic and Pathogenesis, F-75015 Paris, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Chiara Zurzolo
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR 3691, Membrane Traffic and Pathogenesis, F-75015 Paris, France
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82
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Sarkari A, Korenfeld S, Deniz K, Ladner K, Wong P, Padmanabhan S, Vogel RI, Sherer LA, Courtemanche N, Steer C, Wainer-Katsir K, Lou E. Treatment with tumor-treating fields (TTFields) suppresses intercellular tunneling nanotube formation in vitro and upregulates immuno-oncologic biomarkers in vivo in malignant mesothelioma. eLife 2023; 12:e85383. [PMID: 37955637 PMCID: PMC10642963 DOI: 10.7554/elife.85383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Disruption of intercellular communication within tumors is emerging as a novel potential strategy for cancer-directed therapy. Tumor-Treating Fields (TTFields) therapy is a treatment modality that has itself emerged over the past decade in active clinical use for patients with glioblastoma and malignant mesothelioma, based on the principle of using low-intensity alternating electric fields to disrupt microtubules in cancer cells undergoing mitosis. There is a need to identify other cellular and molecular effects of this treatment approach that could explain reported increased overall survival when TTFields are added to standard systemic agents. Tunneling nanotube (TNTs) are cell-contact-dependent filamentous-actin-based cellular protrusions that can connect two or more cells at long-range. They are upregulated in cancer, facilitating cell growth, differentiation, and in the case of invasive cancer phenotypes, a more chemoresistant phenotype. To determine whether TNTs present a potential therapeutic target for TTFields, we applied TTFields to malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) cells forming TNTs in vitro. TTFields at 1.0 V/cm significantly suppressed TNT formation in biphasic subtype MPM, but not sarcomatoid MPM, independent of effects on cell number. TTFields did not significantly affect function of TNTs assessed by measuring intercellular transport of mitochondrial cargo via intact TNTs. We further leveraged a spatial transcriptomic approach to characterize TTFields-induced changes to molecular profiles in vivo using an animal model of MPM. We discovered TTFields induced upregulation of immuno-oncologic biomarkers with simultaneous downregulation of pathways associated with cell hyperproliferation, invasion, and other critical regulators of oncogenic growth. Several molecular classes and pathways coincide with markers that we and others have found to be differentially expressed in cancer cell TNTs, including MPM specifically. We visualized short TNTs in the dense stromatous tumor material selected as regions of interest for spatial genomic assessment. Superimposing these regions of interest from spatial genomics over the plane of TNT clusters imaged in intact tissue is a new method that we designate Spatial Profiling of Tunneling nanoTubes (SPOTT). In sum, these results position TNTs as potential therapeutic targets for TTFields-directed cancer treatment strategies. We also identified the ability of TTFields to remodel the tumor microenvironment landscape at the molecular level, thereby presenting a potential novel strategy for converting tumors at the cellular level from 'cold' to 'hot' for potential response to immunotherapeutic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akshat Sarkari
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Oncology and Transplantation, University of MinnesotaMinneapolisUnited States
| | - Sophie Korenfeld
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Oncology and Transplantation, University of MinnesotaMinneapolisUnited States
| | - Karina Deniz
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Oncology and Transplantation, University of MinnesotaMinneapolisUnited States
| | - Katherine Ladner
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Oncology and Transplantation, University of MinnesotaMinneapolisUnited States
| | - Phillip Wong
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Oncology and Transplantation, University of MinnesotaMinneapolisUnited States
| | - Sanyukta Padmanabhan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Oncology and Transplantation, University of MinnesotaMinneapolisUnited States
| | - Rachel I Vogel
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Women's Health, University of MinnesotaMinneapolisUnited States
| | - Laura A Sherer
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, University of MinnesotaMinneapolisUnited States
| | - Naomi Courtemanche
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, University of MinnesotaMinneapolisUnited States
| | - Clifford Steer
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, University of MinnesotaMinneapolisUnited States
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of MinnesotaMinneapolisUnited States
| | | | - Emil Lou
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Oncology and Transplantation, University of MinnesotaMinneapolisUnited States
- Graduate Faculty, Integrative Biology and Physiology Department, University of MinnesotaMinneapolisUnited States
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83
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Kuliesiute U, Joseph K, Straehle J, Madapusi Ravi V, Kueckelhaus J, Kada Benotmane J, Zhang J, Vlachos A, Beck J, Schnell O, Neniskyte U, Heiland DH. Sialic acid metabolism orchestrates transcellular connectivity and signaling in glioblastoma. Neuro Oncol 2023; 25:1963-1975. [PMID: 37288604 PMCID: PMC10628944 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noad101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In glioblastoma (GBM), the effects of altered glycocalyx are largely unexplored. The terminal moiety of cell coating glycans, sialic acid, is of paramount importance for cell-cell contacts. However, sialic acid turnover in gliomas and its impact on tumor networks remain unknown. METHODS We streamlined an experimental setup using organotypic human brain slice cultures as a framework for exploring brain glycobiology, including metabolic labeling of sialic acid moieties and quantification of glycocalyx changes. By live, 2-photon and high-resolution microscopy we have examined morphological and functional effects of altered sialic acid metabolism in GBM. By calcium imaging we investigated the effects of the altered glycocalyx on a functional level of GBM networks. RESULTS The visualization and quantitative analysis of newly synthesized sialic acids revealed a high rate of de novo sialylation in GBM cells. Sialyltrasferases and sialidases were highly expressed in GBM, indicating that significant turnover of sialic acids is involved in GBM pathology. Inhibition of either sialic acid biosynthesis or desialylation affected the pattern of tumor growth and lead to the alterations in the connectivity of glioblastoma cells network. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that sialic acid is essential for the establishment of GBM tumor and its cellular network. They highlight the importance of sialic acid for glioblastoma pathology and suggest that dynamics of sialylation have the potential to be targeted therapeutically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ugne Kuliesiute
- Microenvironment and Immunology Research Laboratory, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, Freiburg University, Freiburg, Germany
- Institute of Biosciences, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
- VU LSC-EMBL Partnership for Genome Editing Technologies, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Kevin Joseph
- Microenvironment and Immunology Research Laboratory, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, Freiburg University, Freiburg, Germany
- Department of Neuroanatomy, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Center Brain Links Brain Tools, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jakob Straehle
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, Freiburg University, Freiburg, Germany
- Department of Neuroanatomy, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Vidhya Madapusi Ravi
- Microenvironment and Immunology Research Laboratory, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, Freiburg University, Freiburg, Germany
- Department of Neuroanatomy, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Center Brain Links Brain Tools, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jan Kueckelhaus
- Microenvironment and Immunology Research Laboratory, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, Freiburg University, Freiburg, Germany
- Department of Neuroanatomy, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Center Brain Links Brain Tools, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jasim Kada Benotmane
- Microenvironment and Immunology Research Laboratory, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, Freiburg University, Freiburg, Germany
- Department of Neuroanatomy, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Center Brain Links Brain Tools, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Junyi Zhang
- Microenvironment and Immunology Research Laboratory, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, Freiburg University, Freiburg, Germany
- Department of Neuroanatomy, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Center Brain Links Brain Tools, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Vlachos
- Department of Neuroanatomy, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Center Brain Links Brain Tools, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Center for Basics in Neuromodulation, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Juergen Beck
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, Freiburg University, Freiburg, Germany
- Department of Neuroanatomy, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Oliver Schnell
- Microenvironment and Immunology Research Laboratory, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, Freiburg University, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Urte Neniskyte
- Institute of Biosciences, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
- VU LSC-EMBL Partnership for Genome Editing Technologies, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Dieter Henrik Heiland
- Microenvironment and Immunology Research Laboratory, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, Freiburg University, Freiburg, Germany
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Lou and Jean Malnati Brain Tumor Institute, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Freiburg (CCCF), Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center—University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner siteFreiburg
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84
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Heuer S, Winkler F. Glioblastoma revisited: from neuronal-like invasion to pacemaking. Trends Cancer 2023; 9:887-896. [PMID: 37586918 DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2023.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, two developments have helped us to better understand the fundamental biology of glioblastoma: the description of a striking intratumoral heterogeneity including gene expression-based cell states, and the discovery that neuro-cancer interactions and cancer-intrinsic neurodevelopmental mechanisms are fundamental features of glioblastoma. In this opinion article, we aim to integrate both developments. We explain how two key disease features are characterized by different neural mechanisms related to distinct but plastic cancer cell states: first, the single cell-dominated invasive parts and second, the more solid parts which are dominated by communicating cell networks constantly activated by pacemaker-like glioblastoma cells. The resulting integrative roadmap of molecular and functional heterogeneity contributes to the Cancer Neuroscience of glioblastoma and suggests novel therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Heuer
- Neurology Clinic and National Center for Tumor Diseases, University Hospital Heidelberg, INF 400, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Clinical Cooperation Unit Neurooncology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Frank Winkler
- Neurology Clinic and National Center for Tumor Diseases, University Hospital Heidelberg, INF 400, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Clinical Cooperation Unit Neurooncology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
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85
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Jaraíz-Rodríguez M, Del Prado L, Balsa E. Metabolic remodeling in astrocytes: Paving the path to brain tumor development. Neurobiol Dis 2023; 188:106327. [PMID: 37839712 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2023.106327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The brain is a highly metabolic organ, composed of multiple cell classes, that controls crucial functions of the body. Although neurons have traditionally been the main protagonist, astrocytes have gained significant attention over the last decade. In this regard, astrocytes are a type of glial cells that have recently emerged as critical regulators of central nervous system (CNS) function and play a significant role in maintaining brain energy metabolism. However, in certain scenarios, astrocyte behavior can go awry, which poses a significant threat to brain integrity and function. This is definitively the case for mutations that turn normal astrocytes and astrocytic precursors into gliomas, an aggressive type of brain tumor. In addition, healthy astrocytes can interact with tumor cells, becoming part of the tumor microenvironment and influencing disease progression. In this review, we discuss the recent evidence suggesting that disturbed metabolism in astrocytes can contribute to the development and progression of fatal human diseases such as cancer. Emphasis is placed on detailing the molecular bases and metabolic pathways of this disease and highlighting unique metabolic vulnerabilities that can potentially be exploited to develop successful therapeutic opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myriam Jaraíz-Rodríguez
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CBMSO), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Lucia Del Prado
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CBMSO), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Eduardo Balsa
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CBMSO), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain; Instituto Universitario de Biología Molecular - IUBM (Universidad Autónoma de Madrid), Madrid, Spain.
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86
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Taylor KR, Barron T, Hui A, Spitzer A, Yalçin B, Ivec AE, Geraghty AC, Hartmann GG, Arzt M, Gillespie SM, Kim YS, Maleki Jahan S, Zhang H, Shamardani K, Su M, Ni L, Du PP, Woo PJ, Silva-Torres A, Venkatesh HS, Mancusi R, Ponnuswami A, Mulinyawe S, Keough MB, Chau I, Aziz-Bose R, Tirosh I, Suvà ML, Monje M. Glioma synapses recruit mechanisms of adaptive plasticity. Nature 2023; 623:366-374. [PMID: 37914930 PMCID: PMC10632140 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06678-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
The role of the nervous system in the regulation of cancer is increasingly appreciated. In gliomas, neuronal activity drives tumour progression through paracrine signalling factors such as neuroligin-3 and brain-derived neurotrophic factor1-3 (BDNF), and also through electrophysiologically functional neuron-to-glioma synapses mediated by AMPA (α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionic acid) receptors4,5. The consequent glioma cell membrane depolarization drives tumour proliferation4,6. In the healthy brain, activity-regulated secretion of BDNF promotes adaptive plasticity of synaptic connectivity7,8 and strength9-15. Here we show that malignant synapses exhibit similar plasticity regulated by BDNF. Signalling through the receptor tropomyosin-related kinase B16 (TrkB) to CAMKII, BDNF promotes AMPA receptor trafficking to the glioma cell membrane, resulting in increased amplitude of glutamate-evoked currents in the malignant cells. Linking plasticity of glioma synaptic strength to tumour growth, graded optogenetic control of glioma membrane potential demonstrates that greater depolarizing current amplitude promotes increased glioma proliferation. This potentiation of malignant synaptic strength shares mechanistic features with synaptic plasticity17-22 that contributes to memory and learning in the healthy brain23-26. BDNF-TrkB signalling also regulates the number of neuron-to-glioma synapses. Abrogation of activity-regulated BDNF secretion from the brain microenvironment or loss of glioma TrkB expression robustly inhibits tumour progression. Blocking TrkB genetically or pharmacologically abrogates these effects of BDNF on glioma synapses and substantially prolongs survival in xenograft models of paediatric glioblastoma and diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma. Together, these findings indicate that BDNF-TrkB signalling promotes malignant synaptic plasticity and augments tumour progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn R Taylor
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Tara Barron
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Alexa Hui
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Avishay Spitzer
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Belgin Yalçin
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Alexis E Ivec
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Anna C Geraghty
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Griffin G Hartmann
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Marlene Arzt
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Shawn M Gillespie
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Yoon Seok Kim
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Samin Maleki Jahan
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Helena Zhang
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Kiarash Shamardani
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Minhui Su
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Lijun Ni
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Peter P Du
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Pamelyn J Woo
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Arianna Silva-Torres
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Humsa S Venkatesh
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Rebecca Mancusi
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Anitha Ponnuswami
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Sara Mulinyawe
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Michael B Keough
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Isabelle Chau
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Razina Aziz-Bose
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Itay Tirosh
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Mario L Suvà
- Department of Pathology and Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michelle Monje
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford California, Stanford, CA, USA.
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87
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Murnan KM, Horbinski C, Stegh AH. Redox Homeostasis and Beyond: The Role of Wild-Type Isocitrate Dehydrogenases for the Pathogenesis of Glioblastoma. Antioxid Redox Signal 2023; 39:923-941. [PMID: 37132598 PMCID: PMC10654994 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2023.0262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Significance: Glioblastoma is an aggressive and devastating brain tumor characterized by a dismal prognosis and resistance to therapeutic intervention. To support catabolic processes critical for unabated cellular growth and defend against harmful reactive oxygen species, glioblastoma tumors upregulate the expression of wild-type isocitrate dehydrogenases (IDHs). IDH enzymes catalyze the oxidative decarboxylation of isocitrate to α-ketoglutarate (α-KG), NAD(P)H, and CO2. On molecular levels, IDHs epigenetically control gene expression through effects on α-KG-dependent dioxygenases, maintain redox balance, and promote anaplerosis by providing cells with NADPH and precursor substrates for macromolecular synthesis. Recent Advances: While gain-of-function mutations in IDH1 and IDH2 represent one of the most comprehensively studied mechanisms of IDH pathogenic effects, recent studies identified wild-type IDHs as critical regulators of normal organ physiology and, when transcriptionally induced or down regulated, as contributing to glioblastoma progression. Critical Issues: Here, we will discuss molecular mechanisms of how wild-type IDHs control glioma pathogenesis, including the regulation of oxidative stress and de novo lipid biosynthesis, and provide an overview of current and future research directives that aim to fully characterize wild-type IDH-driven metabolic reprogramming and its contribution to the pathogenesis of glioblastoma. Future Directions: Future studies are required to further dissect mechanisms of metabolic and epigenomic reprogramming in tumors and the tumor microenvironment, and to develop pharmacological approaches to inhibit wild-type IDH function. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 39, 923-941.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin M. Murnan
- Ken and Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, Feinberg School of Medicine, The Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Malnati Brain Tumor Institute, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Craig Horbinski
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Malnati Brain Tumor Institute, The Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Malnati Brain Tumor Institute, The Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Alexander H. Stegh
- Department of Neurological Surgery, The Brain Tumor Center, Alvin J. Siteman Comprehensive Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
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88
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Jiang P, Huo X, Dong B, Zhou N, Zhang X. Multi-omics analysis of expression profile and prognostic values of connexin family in LUAD. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2023; 149:12791-12806. [PMID: 37458803 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-023-05075-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Our study first explored the expression differences and prognostic significance of Cx genes in pan-cancer and then focused on LUAD. Our objectives were to conducted a comprehensive analysis of the expression profile, prognostic significance, genetic alterations, potential biological functions and drug sensitivity of the Connexin gene family in LUAD. METHODS We developed a comprehensive prognostic model for LUAD by combining risk scores with clinical features and created a nomogram to predict 1-, 3-, and 5-year overall survival. Using single-cell sequencing, we examined the expression and biological functions of the identified prognostic markers. RESULTS Our risk model revealed that GJB2-5 play a critical role in the prognosis of LUAD patients, associated with many biological processes such as cell cycle, DNA damage, EMT, hypoxia, invasion, and metastasis. Furthermore, the connexin gene family is linked to transcriptional mechanisms such as the extracellular matrix (ECM), migration, mobility, angiogenesis, and the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) genetic program. CONCLUSION The risk model can be used as a potential prognostic factor for LUAD patients and may provide new insights into cancer treatment from perspective of the expression of Cx genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Jiang
- Precision Medicine Center of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
- Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Xingfa Huo
- Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Bowen Dong
- Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Na Zhou
- Precision Medicine Center of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China.
| | - Xiaochun Zhang
- Precision Medicine Center of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China.
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89
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Sáenz-de-Santa-María I, Henderson JM, Pepe A, Zurzolo C. Identification and Characterization of Tunneling Nanotubes for Intercellular Trafficking. Curr Protoc 2023; 3:e939. [PMID: 37994667 DOI: 10.1002/cpz1.939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
Tunneling nanotubes (TNTs) are thin membranous channels providing a direct cytoplasmic connection between remote cells. They are commonly observed in different cell cultures and increasing evidence supports their role in intercellular communication, and pathogen and amyloid protein transfer. However, the study of TNTs presents several pitfalls (e.g., difficulty in preserving such delicate structures, possible confusion with other protrusions, structural and functional heterogeneity, etc.) and therefore requires thoroughly designed approaches. The methods described in this protocol represent a guideline for the characterization of TNTs (or TNT-like structures) in cell culture. Specifically, optimized protocols to (1) identify TNTs and the cytoskeletal elements present inside them; (2) evaluate TNT frequency in cell culture; (3) unambiguously distinguish them from other cellular connections or protrusions; (4) monitor their formation in living cells; (5) characterize TNTs by a micropatterning approach; and (6) investigate TNT ultrastructure by cryo-EM are provided. Finally, this article describes how to assess TNT-mediated cell-to-cell transfer of cellular components, which is a fundamental criterion for identifying functional TNTs. © 2023 Wiley Periodicals LLC. Basic Protocol 1: Identification of tunneling nanotubes Alternate Protocol 1: Identifying the cytoskeletal elements present in tunneling nanotubes Alternate Protocol 2: Distinguishing tunneling nanotubes from intercellular bridges formed during cell division Basic Protocol 2: Deciphering tunneling nanotube formation and lifetime by live fluorescent microscopy Alternate Protocol 3: Deciphering tunneling nanotube formation using a live-compatible dye Basic Protocol 3: Assessing tunneling nanotubes functionality in intercellular transfer Alternate Protocol 4: Flow cytometry approach to quantify the rate of vesicle or mitochondria transfer Support Protocol: Controls to support TNT-mediated transfer Basic Protocol 4: Studies of tunneling nanotubes by cell micropatterning Basic Protocol 5: Characterization of the ultrastructure of tunneling nanotubes by cryo-EM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inés Sáenz-de-Santa-María
- Unité de Trafic Membranaire et Pathogénèse, Département de Biologie Cellulaire et Infection, Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR3691, Paris, France
| | - J Michael Henderson
- Unité de Trafic Membranaire et Pathogénèse, Département de Biologie Cellulaire et Infection, Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR3691, Paris, France
| | - Anna Pepe
- Unité de Trafic Membranaire et Pathogénèse, Département de Biologie Cellulaire et Infection, Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR3691, Paris, France
| | - Chiara Zurzolo
- Unité de Trafic Membranaire et Pathogénèse, Département de Biologie Cellulaire et Infection, Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR3691, Paris, France
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
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90
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Borcherding N, Brestoff JR. The power and potential of mitochondria transfer. Nature 2023; 623:283-291. [PMID: 37938702 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06537-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria are believed to have originated through an ancient endosymbiotic process in which proteobacteria were captured and co-opted for energy production and cellular metabolism. Mitochondria segregate during cell division and differentiation, with vertical inheritance of mitochondria and the mitochondrial DNA genome from parent to daughter cells. However, an emerging body of literature indicates that some cell types export their mitochondria for delivery to developmentally unrelated cell types, a process called intercellular mitochondria transfer. In this Review, we describe the mechanisms by which mitochondria are transferred between cells and discuss how intercellular mitochondria transfer regulates the physiology and function of various organ systems in health and disease. In particular, we discuss the role of mitochondria transfer in regulating cellular metabolism, cancer, the immune system, maintenance of tissue homeostasis, mitochondrial quality control, wound healing and adipose tissue function. We also highlight the potential of targeting intercellular mitochondria transfer as a therapeutic strategy to treat human diseases and augment cellular therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Borcherding
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Jonathan R Brestoff
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA.
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91
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Melwani PK, Pandey BN. Tunneling nanotubes: The intercellular conduits contributing to cancer pathogenesis and its therapy. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2023; 1878:189028. [PMID: 37993000 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2023.189028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
Tunneling nanotubes (TNTs) are intercellular conduits which meet the communication needs of non-adjacent cells situated in the same tissue but at distances up to a few hundred microns. TNTs are unique type of membrane protrusion which contain F-actin and freely hover over substratum in the extracellular space to connect the distant cells. TNTs, known to form through actin remodeling mechanisms, are intercellular bridges that connect cytoplasm of two cells, and facilitate the transfer of organelles, molecules, and pathogens among the cells. In tumor microenvironment, TNTs act as communication channel among cancer, normal, and immune cells to facilitate the transfer of calcium waves, mitochondria, lysosomes, and proteins, which in turn contribute to the survival, metastasis, and chemo-resistance in cancer cells. Recently, TNTs were shown to mediate the transfer of nanoparticles, drugs, and viruses between cells, suggesting that TNTs could be exploited as a potential route for delivery of anti-cancer agents and oncolytic viruses to the target cells. The present review discusses the emerging concepts and role of TNTs in the context of chemo- and radio-resistance with implications in the cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Kamal Melwani
- Radiation Biology & Health Sciences Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai 400094, India
| | - Badri Narain Pandey
- Radiation Biology & Health Sciences Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai 400094, India.
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92
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Alarcon-Martinez L, Shiga Y, Villafranca-Baughman D, Cueva Vargas JL, Vidal Paredes IA, Quintero H, Fortune B, Danesh-Meyer H, Di Polo A. Neurovascular dysfunction in glaucoma. Prog Retin Eye Res 2023; 97:101217. [PMID: 37778617 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2023.101217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Retinal ganglion cells, the neurons that die in glaucoma, are endowed with a high metabolism requiring optimal provision of oxygen and nutrients to sustain their activity. The timely regulation of blood flow is, therefore, essential to supply firing neurons in active areas with the oxygen and glucose they need for energy. Many glaucoma patients suffer from vascular deficits including reduced blood flow, impaired autoregulation, neurovascular coupling dysfunction, and blood-retina/brain-barrier breakdown. These processes are tightly regulated by a community of cells known as the neurovascular unit comprising neurons, endothelial cells, pericytes, Müller cells, astrocytes, and microglia. In this review, the neurovascular unit takes center stage as we examine the ability of its members to regulate neurovascular interactions and how their function might be altered during glaucomatous stress. Pericytes receive special attention based on recent data demonstrating their key role in the regulation of neurovascular coupling in physiological and pathological conditions. Of particular interest is the discovery and characterization of tunneling nanotubes, thin actin-based conduits that connect distal pericytes, which play essential roles in the complex spatial and temporal distribution of blood within the retinal capillary network. We discuss cellular and molecular mechanisms of neurovascular interactions and their pathophysiological implications, while highlighting opportunities to develop strategies for vascular protection and regeneration to improve functional outcomes in glaucoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Alarcon-Martinez
- Department of Neuroscience, Université de Montréal, PO Box 6128, Station centre-ville, Montreal, QC, Canada; Neuroscience Division, Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), 900 Saint Denis Street, Montreal, QC, Canada; Centre for Eye Research Australia, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Yukihiro Shiga
- Department of Neuroscience, Université de Montréal, PO Box 6128, Station centre-ville, Montreal, QC, Canada; Neuroscience Division, Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), 900 Saint Denis Street, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Deborah Villafranca-Baughman
- Department of Neuroscience, Université de Montréal, PO Box 6128, Station centre-ville, Montreal, QC, Canada; Neuroscience Division, Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), 900 Saint Denis Street, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Jorge L Cueva Vargas
- Department of Neuroscience, Université de Montréal, PO Box 6128, Station centre-ville, Montreal, QC, Canada; Neuroscience Division, Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), 900 Saint Denis Street, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Isaac A Vidal Paredes
- Department of Neuroscience, Université de Montréal, PO Box 6128, Station centre-ville, Montreal, QC, Canada; Neuroscience Division, Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), 900 Saint Denis Street, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Heberto Quintero
- Department of Neuroscience, Université de Montréal, PO Box 6128, Station centre-ville, Montreal, QC, Canada; Neuroscience Division, Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), 900 Saint Denis Street, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Brad Fortune
- Discoveries in Sight Research Laboratories, Devers Eye Institute and Legacy Research Institute, Legacy Healthy, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Helen Danesh-Meyer
- Department of Ophthalmology, New Zealand National Eye Centre, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Adriana Di Polo
- Department of Neuroscience, Université de Montréal, PO Box 6128, Station centre-ville, Montreal, QC, Canada; Neuroscience Division, Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), 900 Saint Denis Street, Montreal, QC, Canada.
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93
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Chakraborty C, Nissen I, Vincent CA, Hägglund AC, Hörnblad A, Remeseiro S. Rewiring of the promoter-enhancer interactome and regulatory landscape in glioblastoma orchestrates gene expression underlying neurogliomal synaptic communication. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6446. [PMID: 37833281 PMCID: PMC10576091 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41919-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Chromatin organization controls transcription by modulating 3D-interactions between enhancers and promoters in the nucleus. Alterations in epigenetic states and 3D-chromatin organization result in gene expression changes contributing to cancer. Here, we map the promoter-enhancer interactome and regulatory landscape of glioblastoma, the most aggressive primary brain tumour. Our data reveals profound rewiring of promoter-enhancer interactions, chromatin accessibility and redistribution of histone marks in glioblastoma. This leads to loss of long-range regulatory interactions and overall activation of promoters, which orchestrate changes in the expression of genes associated to glutamatergic synapses, axon guidance, axonogenesis and chromatin remodelling. SMAD3 and PITX1 emerge as major transcription factors controlling genes related to synapse organization and axon guidance. Inhibition of SMAD3 and neuronal activity stimulation cooperate to promote proliferation of glioblastoma cells in co-culture with glutamatergic neurons, and in mice bearing patient-derived xenografts. Our findings provide mechanistic insight into the regulatory networks that mediate neurogliomal synaptic communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaitali Chakraborty
- Umeå Centre for Molecular Medicine (UCMM), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine (WCMM), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Itzel Nissen
- Umeå Centre for Molecular Medicine (UCMM), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine (WCMM), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Craig A Vincent
- Umeå Centre for Molecular Medicine (UCMM), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine (WCMM), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Anna-Carin Hägglund
- Umeå Centre for Molecular Medicine (UCMM), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine (WCMM), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Andreas Hörnblad
- Umeå Centre for Molecular Medicine (UCMM), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Silvia Remeseiro
- Umeå Centre for Molecular Medicine (UCMM), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine (WCMM), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.
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94
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Simone L, Capobianco DL, Di Palma F, Binda E, Legnani FG, Vescovi AL, Svelto M, Pisani F. GFAP serves as a structural element of tunneling nanotubes between glioblastoma cells and could play a role in the intercellular transfer of mitochondria. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1221671. [PMID: 37886397 PMCID: PMC10598779 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1221671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Tunneling nanotubes (TNTs) are long F-actin-positive plasma membrane bridges connecting distant cells, allowing the intercellular transfer of cellular cargoes, and are found to be involved in glioblastoma (GBM) intercellular crosstalk. Glial fibrillary acid protein (GFAP) is a key intermediate filament protein of glial cells involved in cytoskeleton remodeling and linked to GBM progression. Whether GFAP plays a role in TNT structure and function in GBM is unknown. Here, analyzing F-actin and GFAP localization by laser-scan confocal microscopy followed by 3D reconstruction (3D-LSCM) and mitochondria dynamic by live-cell time-lapse fluorescence microscopy, we show the presence of GFAP in TNTs containing functional mitochondria connecting distant human GBM cells. Taking advantage of super-resolution 3D-LSCM, we show the presence of GFAP-positive TNT-like structures in resected human GBM as well. Using H2O2 or the pro-apoptotic toxin staurosporine (STS), we show that GFAP-positive TNTs strongly increase during oxidative stress and apoptosis in the GBM cell line. Culturing GBM cells with STS-treated GBM cells, we show that STS triggers the formation of GFAP-positive TNTs between them. Finally, we provide evidence that mitochondria co-localize with GFAP at the tip of close-ended GFAP-positive TNTs and inside receiving STS-GBM cells. Summarizing, here we found that GFAP is a structural component of TNTs generated by GBM cells, that GFAP-positive TNTs are upregulated in response to oxidative stress and pro-apoptotic stress, and that GFAP interacts with mitochondria during the intercellular transfer. These findings contribute to elucidate the molecular structure of TNTs generated by GBM cells, highlighting the structural role of GFAP in TNTs and suggesting a functional role of this intermediate filament component in the intercellular mitochondria transfer between GBM cells in response to pro-apoptotic stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. Simone
- Cancer Stem Cells Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - D. L. Capobianco
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Environment, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Bari, Italy
| | - F. Di Palma
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Environment, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Bari, Italy
| | - E. Binda
- Cancer Stem Cells Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - F. G. Legnani
- Department of Neurosurgery, National Neurologic Institute IRCCS Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - A. L. Vescovi
- Cellular Reprogramming Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - M. Svelto
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Environment, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Bari, Italy
- Institute of Biomembranes and Bioenergetics, National Research Council, Bari, Italy
- National Institute of Biostructures and Biosystems (INBB), Rome, Italy
| | - F. Pisani
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Environment, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Bari, Italy
- Center for Synaptic Neuroscience and Technology, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genoa, Italy
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95
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Lia A, Di Spiezio A, Vitalini L, Tore M, Puja G, Losi G. Ion Channels and Ionotropic Receptors in Astrocytes: Physiological Functions and Alterations in Alzheimer's Disease and Glioblastoma. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:2038. [PMID: 37895420 PMCID: PMC10608464 DOI: 10.3390/life13102038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The human brain is composed of nearly one hundred billion neurons and an equal number of glial cells, including macroglia, i.e., astrocytes and oligodendrocytes, and microglia, the resident immune cells of the brain. In the last few decades, compelling evidence has revealed that glial cells are far more active and complex than previously thought. In particular, astrocytes, the most abundant glial cell population, not only take part in brain development, metabolism, and defense against pathogens and insults, but they also affect sensory, motor, and cognitive functions by constantly modulating synaptic activity. Not surprisingly, astrocytes are actively involved in neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) and other neurological disorders like brain tumors, in which they rapidly become reactive and mediate neuroinflammation. Reactive astrocytes acquire or lose specific functions that differently modulate disease progression and symptoms, including cognitive impairments. Astrocytes express several types of ion channels, including K+, Na+, and Ca2+ channels, transient receptor potential channels (TRP), aquaporins, mechanoreceptors, and anion channels, whose properties and functions are only partially understood, particularly in small processes that contact synapses. In addition, astrocytes express ionotropic receptors for several neurotransmitters. Here, we provide an extensive and up-to-date review of the roles of ion channels and ionotropic receptors in astrocyte physiology and pathology. As examples of two different brain pathologies, we focus on Alzheimer's disease (AD), one of the most diffuse neurodegenerative disorders, and glioblastoma (GBM), the most common brain tumor. Understanding how ion channels and ionotropic receptors in astrocytes participate in NDs and tumors is necessary for developing new therapeutic tools for these increasingly common neurological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annamaria Lia
- Department Biomedical Science, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy; (A.L.); (A.D.S.)
| | - Alessandro Di Spiezio
- Department Biomedical Science, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy; (A.L.); (A.D.S.)
- Neuroscience Institute (CNR-IN), Padova Section, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Vitalini
- Department Life Science, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy; (L.V.); (G.P.)
| | - Manuela Tore
- Institute of Nanoscience (CNR-NANO), Modena Section, 41125 Modena, Italy;
- Department Biomedical Science, Metabolic and Neuroscience, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Giulia Puja
- Department Life Science, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy; (L.V.); (G.P.)
| | - Gabriele Losi
- Institute of Nanoscience (CNR-NANO), Modena Section, 41125 Modena, Italy;
- Department Biomedical Science, Metabolic and Neuroscience, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy
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96
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Liu G, Zhang P, Chen S, Chen Z, Qiu Y, Peng P, Huang W, Cheng F, Zhang Y, Li H, Xiao Q, Mao F, Wang B, Jiang X, Wan F, Guo D, Yu X. FAM129A promotes self-renewal and maintains invasive status via stabilizing the Notch intracellular domain in glioma stem cells. Neuro Oncol 2023; 25:1788-1801. [PMID: 37083136 PMCID: PMC10547521 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noad079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 04/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glioma stem cells (GSCs) are a subpopulation of tumor cells with self-renewal and tumorigenic capabilities in glioblastomas (GBMs). Diffuse infiltration of GSCs facilitates tumor progression and frustrates efforts at effective treatment. Further compounding this situation is the currently limited understanding of what drives GSC invasion. Here we comprehensively evaluated the significance of a novel invasion-related protein, Family with Sequence Similarity 129 Member A (FAM129A), in infiltrative GSCs. METHODS Western blotting, immunohistochemistry, and gene expression analysis were used to quantify FAM129A in glioma specimens and cancer datasets. Overexpression and knockdown of FAM129A in GSCs were used to investigate its effects on tumor growth and invasion. RNA-seq, qRT-PCR, western blotting, and co-precipitation assays were used to investigate FAM129A signaling mechanisms. RESULTS FAM129A is preferentially expressed in invasive frontiers. Targeting FAM129A impairs GSC invasion and self-renewal. Mechanistically, FAM129A acted as a positive regulator of Notch signaling by binding with the Notch1 intracellular domain (NICD1) and preventing its degradation. CONCLUSIONS FAM129A and NICD1 provide a precise indicator for identifying tumor margins and aiding prognosis. Targeting them may provide a significantly therapeutic strategy for GSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guohao Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Po Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Sui Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zirong Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yanmei Qiu
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Peng Peng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital to Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, China
| | - Wenda Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Fangling Cheng
- Hepatic Surgery Centre, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Huan Li
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qungen Xiao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Feng Mao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Baofeng Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaobing Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Feng Wan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dongsheng Guo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xingjiang Yu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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97
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Dong W, Fekete A, Chen X, Liu H, Beilhartz GL, Chen X, Bahrampour S, Xiong Y, Yang Q, Zhao H, Kong T, Morioka MS, Jung G, Kim JE, Schramek D, Dirks PB, Song Y, Kim TH, He Y, Wanggou S, Li X, Melnyk RA, Wang LY, Huang X. A designer peptide against the EAG2-Kvβ2 potassium channel targets the interaction of cancer cells and neurons to treat glioblastoma. NATURE CANCER 2023; 4:1418-1436. [PMID: 37697045 DOI: 10.1038/s43018-023-00626-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is an incurable brain cancer that lacks effective therapies. Here we show that EAG2 and Kvβ2, which are predominantly expressed by GBM cells at the tumor-brain interface, physically interact to form a potassium channel complex due to a GBM-enriched Kvβ2 isoform. In GBM cells, EAG2 localizes at neuron-contacting regions in a Kvβ2-dependent manner. Genetic knockdown of the EAG2-Kvβ2 complex decreases calcium transients of GBM cells, suppresses tumor growth and invasion and extends the survival of tumor-bearing mice. We engineered a designer peptide to disrupt EAG2-Kvβ2 interaction, thereby mitigating tumor growth in patient-derived xenograft and syngeneic mouse models across GBM subtypes without overt toxicity. Neurons upregulate chemoresistant genes in GBM cells in an EAG2-Kvβ2-dependent manner. The designer peptide targets neuron-associated GBM cells and possesses robust efficacy in treating temozolomide-resistant GBM. Our findings may lead to the next-generation therapeutic agent to benefit patients with GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weifan Dong
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Adam Fekete
- Neurosciences and Mental Health Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Xiaodi Chen
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hongwei Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Brain Tumor Research, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Greg L Beilhartz
- Molecular Medicine Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Xin Chen
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Shahrzad Bahrampour
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yi Xiong
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Brain Tumor Research, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qi Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Brain Tumor Research, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hongyu Zhao
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Brain Tumor Research, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Tian Kong
- Neurosciences and Mental Health Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Malia S Morioka
- Macaulay Honors College, City College of New York, New York, NY, USA
- Advanced Science Research Center at the Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
| | - Geena Jung
- The Raymond G. Perelman Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ji-Eun Kim
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Daniel Schramek
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Centre for Molecular and Systems Biology, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Peter B Dirks
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yuanquan Song
- The Raymond G. Perelman Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Tae-Hee Kim
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ye He
- Macaulay Honors College, City College of New York, New York, NY, USA
- Advanced Science Research Center at the Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
| | - Siyi Wanggou
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Brain Tumor Research, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xuejun Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Brain Tumor Research, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Roman A Melnyk
- Molecular Medicine Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lu-Yang Wang
- Neurosciences and Mental Health Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Xi Huang
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
- Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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98
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Robbins SM, Senger DL. Targeting network circuitry in glioma. NATURE CANCER 2023; 4:1406-1407. [PMID: 37880415 DOI: 10.1038/s43018-023-00640-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Stephen M Robbins
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Gerald Bronfman Department of Oncology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Donna L Senger
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
- Gerald Bronfman Department of Oncology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
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99
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Sheikh MA, Alawathugoda TT, Vyas G, Emerald BS, Ansari SA. O-GlcNAc transferase promotes glioblastoma by modulating genes responsible for cell survival, invasion, and inflammation. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:105235. [PMID: 37689115 PMCID: PMC10570119 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.105235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic reprogramming has emerged as one of the key hallmarks of cancer cells. Various metabolic pathways are dysregulated in cancers, including the hexosamine biosynthesis pathway. Protein O-GlcNAcylation is catalyzed by the enzyme O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT), an effector of hexosamine biosynthesis pathway that is found to be upregulated in most cancers. Posttranslational O-GlcNAcylation of various signaling and transcriptional regulators could promote cancer cell maintenance and progression by regulating gene expression, as gene-specific transcription factors and chromatin regulators are among the most highly O-GlcNAcylated proteins. Here, we investigated the role of OGT in glioblastoma. We demonstrate that OGT knockdown and chemical inhibition led to reduced glioblastoma cell proliferation and downregulation of many genes known to play key roles in glioblastoma cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. We show that genes downregulated due to OGT reduction are also known to be transcriptionally regulated by transcriptional initiation/elongation cofactor BRD4. We found BRD4 to be O-GlcNAcylated in glioblastoma cells; however, OGT knockdown/inhibition neither changed its expression nor its chromatin association on promoters. Intriguingly, we observed OGT knockdown led to reduced Pol II-Ser2P chromatin association on target genes without affecting other transcription initiation/elongation factors. Finally, we found that chemical inhibition of BRD4 potentiated the effects of OGT inhibition in reducing glioblastoma cell proliferation, invasion, and migration. We propose BRD4 and OGT act independently in the transcriptional regulation of a common set of genes and that combined inhibition of OGT and BRD4 could be utilized therapeutically for more efficient glioblastoma cell targeting than targeting of either protein alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Abid Sheikh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Thilina T Alawathugoda
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Garima Vyas
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Bright Starling Emerald
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates; Zayed Center for Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates; Precision Medicine Research Institute Abu Dhabi (PMRIAD), United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Suraiya A Ansari
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates; Zayed Center for Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates; Precision Medicine Research Institute Abu Dhabi (PMRIAD), United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
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100
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Que Z, Zhou Z, Liu S, Zheng W, Lei B. Dihydroartemisinin inhibits EMT of glioma via gene BASP1 in extrachromosomal DNA. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 675:130-138. [PMID: 37473527 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
The mechanism of dihydroartemisinin (DHA) inhibiting the migration and invasion of glioma in an ROS-DSB-dependent manner has been revealed. Extrachromosomal DNAs (ecDNAs) which are generated by DNA damage have great potential in glioma treatment. However, the role of ecDNAs in DHA's pharmacological mechanisms in glioma is still unknown. In this study, DHA was found to inhibit proliferative activity, increase ROS levels and promote apoptosis in U87 and U251 cells. Migration and invasion have also been suppressed. ecDNA expression profiles were found in gliomas. EcDNA-BASP1 was found, by means of bioinformatics analysis, to be present in GBM tissues and positively correlated with patient prognosis. Proliferation, migration and invasion were upregulated after knockdown of ecDNA-BASP1. The expression of vimentin and N-cadherin also had the same tendency. Finally, we found that the ecDNA-BASP1 content in nude mouse transplant tumors was significantly increased after DHA treatment, which might exert a better suppressive effect on glioma. The upregulation of tumor suppressor ecDNA-BASP1 played an important role in the suppression of glioma progression induced by DHA. EcDNA-BASP1 may inhibit glioma migration and invasion through repressing epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT).
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongyou Que
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shenzhen Samii Medical Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhiwei Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, China
| | - Sheng Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shenzhen Samii Medical Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wenhua Zheng
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, China.
| | - Bingxi Lei
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
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