51
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Chapman EM, Lant B, Ohashi Y, Yu B, Schertzberg M, Go C, Dogra D, Koskimäki J, Girard R, Li Y, Fraser AG, Awad IA, Abdelilah-Seyfried S, Gingras AC, Derry WB. A conserved CCM complex promotes apoptosis non-autonomously by regulating zinc homeostasis. Nat Commun 2019; 10:1791. [PMID: 30996251 PMCID: PMC6470173 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-09829-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Apoptotic death of cells damaged by genotoxic stress requires regulatory input from surrounding tissues. The C. elegans scaffold protein KRI-1, ortholog of mammalian KRIT1/CCM1, permits DNA damage-induced apoptosis of cells in the germline by an unknown cell non-autonomous mechanism. We reveal that KRI-1 exists in a complex with CCM-2 in the intestine to negatively regulate the ERK-5/MAPK pathway. This allows the KLF-3 transcription factor to facilitate expression of the SLC39 zinc transporter gene zipt-2.3, which functions to sequester zinc in the intestine. Ablation of KRI-1 results in reduced zinc sequestration in the intestine, inhibition of IR-induced MPK-1/ERK1 activation, and apoptosis in the germline. Zinc localization is also perturbed in the vasculature of krit1-/- zebrafish, and SLC39 zinc transporters are mis-expressed in Cerebral Cavernous Malformations (CCM) patient tissues. This study provides new insights into the regulation of apoptosis by cross-tissue communication, and suggests a link between zinc localization and CCM disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric M Chapman
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5S 1A8, ON, Canada
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, M5G 0A4, ON, Canada
| | - Benjamin Lant
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, M5G 0A4, ON, Canada
| | - Yota Ohashi
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5S 1A8, ON, Canada
| | - Bin Yu
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, M5G 0A4, ON, Canada
| | - Michael Schertzberg
- The Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5S 3E1, ON, Canada
| | - Christopher Go
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5S 1A8, ON, Canada
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute at Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, M5G 1X5, ON, Canada
| | - Deepika Dogra
- Institute for Biochemistry and Biology, Potsdam University, Potsdam, 14476, Germany
| | - Janne Koskimäki
- Neurovascular Surgery Program, Section of Neurosurgery, The University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Romuald Girard
- Neurovascular Surgery Program, Section of Neurosurgery, The University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Yan Li
- University of Chicago Center for Research Informatics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Andrew G Fraser
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5S 1A8, ON, Canada
- The Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5S 3E1, ON, Canada
| | - Issam A Awad
- Neurovascular Surgery Program, Section of Neurosurgery, The University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | | | - Anne-Claude Gingras
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5S 1A8, ON, Canada
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute at Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, M5G 1X5, ON, Canada
| | - W Brent Derry
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5S 1A8, ON, Canada.
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, M5G 0A4, ON, Canada.
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52
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Aramburu J, López-Rodríguez C. Regulation of Inflammatory Functions of Macrophages and T Lymphocytes by NFAT5. Front Immunol 2019; 10:535. [PMID: 30949179 PMCID: PMC6435587 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor NFAT5, also known as TonEBP, belongs to the family of Rel homology domain-containing factors, which comprises the NF-κB proteins and the calcineurin-dependent NFAT1 to NFAT4. NFAT5 shares several structural and functional features with other Rel-family factors, for instance it recognizes DNA elements with the same core sequence as those bound by NFAT1 to 4, and like NF-κB it responds to Toll-like receptors (TLR) and activates macrophage responses to microbial products. On the other hand, NFAT5 is quite unique among Rel-family factors as it can be activated by hyperosmotic stress caused by elevated concentrations of extracellular sodium ions. NFAT5 regulates specific genes but also others that are inducible by NF-κB and NFAT1 to 4. The ability of NFAT5 to do so in response to hypertonicity, microbial products, and inflammatory stimuli may extend the capabilities of immune cells to mount effective anti-pathogen responses in diverse microenvironment and signaling conditions. Recent studies identifying osmostress-dependent and -independent functions of NFAT5 have broadened our understanding of how NFAT5 may modulate immune function. In this review we focus on the role of NFAT5 in macrophages and T cells in different contexts, discussing findings from in vivo mouse models of NFAT5 deficiency and reviewing current knowledge on its mechanisms of regulation. Finally, we propose several questions for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Aramburu
- Immunology Unit, Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristina López-Rodríguez
- Immunology Unit, Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
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53
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Karschnia P, Nishimura S, Louvi A. Cerebrovascular disorders associated with genetic lesions. Cell Mol Life Sci 2019; 76:283-300. [PMID: 30327838 PMCID: PMC6450555 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-018-2934-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Revised: 09/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Cerebrovascular disorders are underlain by perturbations in cerebral blood flow and abnormalities in blood vessel structure. Here, we provide an overview of the current knowledge of select cerebrovascular disorders that are associated with genetic lesions and connect genomic findings with analyses aiming to elucidate the cellular and molecular mechanisms of disease pathogenesis. We argue that a mechanistic understanding of genetic (familial) forms of cerebrovascular disease is a prerequisite for the development of rational therapeutic approaches, and has wider implications for treatment of sporadic (non-familial) forms, which are usually more common.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Karschnia
- Departments of Neurosurgery and Neuroscience, Program on Neurogenetics, Yale School of Medicine, P.O. Box 208082, New Haven, CT, 06520-8082, USA
| | - Sayoko Nishimura
- Departments of Neurosurgery and Neuroscience, Program on Neurogenetics, Yale School of Medicine, P.O. Box 208082, New Haven, CT, 06520-8082, USA
| | - Angeliki Louvi
- Departments of Neurosurgery and Neuroscience, Program on Neurogenetics, Yale School of Medicine, P.O. Box 208082, New Haven, CT, 06520-8082, USA.
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54
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Pham TND, Kumar K, DeCant BT, Shang M, Munshi SZ, Matsangou M, Ebine K, Munshi HG. Induction of MNK Kinase-dependent eIF4E Phosphorylation by Inhibitors Targeting BET Proteins Limits Efficacy of BET Inhibitors. Mol Cancer Ther 2018; 18:235-244. [PMID: 30446586 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-18-0768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Revised: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BET inhibitors (BETi), which target transcription of key oncogenic genes, are currently being evaluated in early-phase clinical trials. However, because BETis show limited single-agent activity, there is increasing interest in identifying signaling pathways to enhance the efficacy of BETis. Here, we demonstrate increased MNK kinase-dependent eIF4E phosphorylation following treatment with BETis, indicating activation of a prosurvival feedback mechanism in response to BETis. BET PROTACs, which promote degradation of BET proteins, also induced eIF4E phosphorylation in cancer cells. Mechanistically, we show that the effect of BETis on MNK-eIF4E phosphorylation was mediated by p38 MAPKs. We also show that BETis suppressed RacGAP1 to induce Rac signaling-mediated eIF4E phosphorylation. Significantly, MNK inhibitors and MNK1/2 knockdown enhanced the efficacy of BETis in suppressing proliferation of cancer cells in vitro and in a syngeneic mouse model. Together, these results demonstrate a novel prosurvival feedback signaling induced by BETis, providing a mechanistic rationale for combination therapy with BET and MNK inhibitors for synergistic inhibition of cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thao N D Pham
- Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois.
| | - Krishan Kumar
- Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois.,The Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Brian T DeCant
- Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Meng Shang
- Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois.,Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Samad Z Munshi
- Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Maria Matsangou
- Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois.,The Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Kazumi Ebine
- Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois.,Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Hidayatullah G Munshi
- Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois. .,The Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chicago, Illinois.,Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
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55
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Choi JP, Wang R, Yang X, Wang X, Wang L, Ting KK, Foley M, Cogger V, Yang Z, Liu F, Han Z, Liu R, Baell J, Zheng X. Ponatinib (AP24534) inhibits MEKK3-KLF signaling and prevents formation and progression of cerebral cavernous malformations. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2018; 4:eaau0731. [PMID: 30417093 PMCID: PMC6221540 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aau0731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Cerebral cavernous malformation (CCM) is a common cerebrovascular disease that can occur sporadically or be inherited. They are major causes of stroke, cerebral hemorrhage, and neurological deficits in the younger population. Loss-of-function mutations in three genes, CCM1, CCM2, and CCM3, have been identified as the cause of human CCMs. Currently, no drug is available to treat CCM disease. Hyperactive mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase Kinase 3 (MEKK3) kinase signaling as a consequence of loss of CCM genes is an underlying cause of CCM lesion development. Using a U.S. Food and Drug Administration-approved kinase inhibitor library combined with virtual modeling and biochemical and cellular assays, we have identified a clinically approved small compound, ponatinib, that is capable of inhibiting MEKK3 activity and normalizing expression of downstream kruppel-like factor (KLF) target genes. Treatment with this compound in neonatal mouse models of CCM can prevent the formation of new CCM lesions and reduce the growth of already formed lesions. At the ultracellular level, ponatinib can normalize the flattening and disorganization of the endothelium caused by CCM deficiency. Collectively, our study demonstrates ponatinib as a novel compound that may prevent CCM initiation and progression in mouse models through inhibition of MEKK3-KLF signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaesung P. Choi
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Signaling, Centenary Institute, and Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia
| | - Rui Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Xi Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Xian Wang
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Signaling, Centenary Institute, and Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia
| | - Lu Wang
- Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ka Ka Ting
- Centre for the Endothelium, Centenary Institute, and Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia
| | - Matthew Foley
- Australian Centre for Microscopy & Microanalysis, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Victoria Cogger
- ANZAC Research Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Zhuo Yang
- Shanghai Institute of Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Feng Liu
- Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiming Han
- Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Renjing Liu
- Agnes Ginges Laboratory for Diseases of the Aorta, Centenary Institute, and Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia
| | - Jonathan Baell
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Xiangjian Zheng
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Signaling, Centenary Institute, and Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
- Corresponding author.
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56
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Sec6 enhances cell migration and suppresses apoptosis by elevating the phosphorylation of p38 MAPK, MK2, and HSP27. Cell Signal 2018; 49:1-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2018.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Revised: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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57
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Abstract
Cerebral cavernous malformations (CCM) are manifested by microvascular lesions characterized by leaky endothelial cells with minimal intervening parenchyma predominantly in the central nervous system predisposed to hemorrhagic stroke, resulting in focal neurological defects. Till date, three proteins are implicated in this condition: CCM1 (KRIT1), CCM2 (MGC4607), and CCM3 (PDCD10). These multi-domain proteins form a protein complex via CCM2 that function as a docking site for the CCM signaling complex, which modulates many signaling pathways. Defects in the formation of this signaling complex have been shown to affect a wide range of cellular processes including cell-cell contact stability, vascular angiogenesis, oxidative damage protection and multiple biogenic events. In this review we provide an update on recent advances in structure and function of these CCM proteins, especially focusing on the signaling cascades involved in CCM pathogenesis and the resultant CCM cellular phenotypes in the past decade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akhil Padarti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Science Center El Paso, El Paso, TX 79905, USA
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Science Center El Paso, El Paso, TX 79905, USA
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58
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Jones MR, Yue J, Wilson AK. Impact of intracellular ionic strength on dimer binding in the NF-kB Inducing kinase. J Struct Biol 2018; 202:183-190. [PMID: 29326084 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsb.2018.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Revised: 01/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/06/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Improper signaling of the nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) pathway plays a critical role in many inflammatory disease states including cancer, stroke, and viral infections. Although the signaling pathways are known, how these molecular mechanisms respond to changes in the intracellular microenvironment such as pH, ionic strength, and temperature, remains elusive. Molecular dynamics simulations were employed to differentiate the structural dynamics of the NF-κB Inducing Kinase (NIK), a protein kinase responsible for invoking the non-canonical NF-κB pathway, in its native and mutant form, and in the absence and presence of salt concentration in efforts to probe whether changes in the ionic environment stabilize or destabilize the NIK dimer. Analyses of structure-activity and conformational-activity relationships indicate that the protein-protein interactions are sensitive to changes in the ionic strength. Ligand binding pockets as well as regions between the oligomer interface either compress or expand, affecting both local and distal intermolecular interactions that result in stabilization or destabilization in the protein assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael R Jones
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, 578 S. Shaw Ln., East Lansing, MI 48824, United States
| | - Joshua Yue
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Advanced Scientific Computing and Modeling (CASCaM), University of North Texas, 1155 Union Circle #305070, Denton, TX 76203-5017, United States
| | - Angela K Wilson
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, 578 S. Shaw Ln., East Lansing, MI 48824, United States; Department of Chemistry and Center for Advanced Scientific Computing and Modeling (CASCaM), University of North Texas, 1155 Union Circle #305070, Denton, TX 76203-5017, United States.
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59
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60
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Donat S, Lourenço M, Paolini A, Otten C, Renz M, Abdelilah-Seyfried S. Heg1 and Ccm1/2 proteins control endocardial mechanosensitivity during zebrafish valvulogenesis. eLife 2018; 7:28939. [PMID: 29364115 PMCID: PMC5794256 DOI: 10.7554/elife.28939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial cells respond to different levels of fluid shear stress through adaptations of their mechanosensitivity. Currently, we lack a good understanding of how this contributes to sculpting of the cardiovascular system. Cerebral cavernous malformation (CCM) is an inherited vascular disease that occurs when a second somatic mutation causes a loss of CCM1/KRIT1, CCM2, or CCM3 proteins. Here, we demonstrate that zebrafish Krit1 regulates the formation of cardiac valves. Expression of heg1, which encodes a binding partner of Krit1, is positively regulated by blood-flow. In turn, Heg1 stabilizes levels of Krit1 protein, and both Heg1 and Krit1 dampen expression levels of klf2a, a major mechanosensitive gene. Conversely, loss of Krit1 results in increased expression of klf2a and notch1b throughout the endocardium and prevents cardiac valve leaflet formation. Hence, the correct balance of blood-flow-dependent induction and Krit1 protein-mediated repression of klf2a and notch1b ultimately shapes cardiac valve leaflet morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Donat
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, Potsdam University, Potsdam, Germany.,Institute of Molecular Biology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Marta Lourenço
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, Potsdam University, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Alessio Paolini
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, Potsdam University, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Cécile Otten
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, Potsdam University, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Marc Renz
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, Potsdam University, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Salim Abdelilah-Seyfried
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, Potsdam University, Potsdam, Germany.,Institute of Molecular Biology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
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61
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Lisowska J, Rödel CJ, Manet S, Miroshnikova YA, Boyault C, Planus E, De Mets R, Lee HH, Destaing O, Mertani H, Boulday G, Tournier-Lasserve E, Balland M, Abdelilah-Seyfried S, Albiges-Rizo C, Faurobert E. Cerebral Cavernous Malformation 1/2 complex controls ROCK1 and ROCK2 complementary functions for endothelial integrity. J Cell Sci 2018; 131:jcs.216093. [DOI: 10.1242/jcs.216093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial integrity relies on a mechanical crosstalk between intercellular and cell-matrix interactions. This cross-talk is compromised in hemorrhagic vascular lesions of patients carrying loss-of-function mutations in CCM genes. RhoA/ROCK-dependent cytoskeletal remodeling is central to the disease as it causes unbalanced cell adhesion towards increased cell-extracellular matrix adhesions and destabilized cell-cell junctions. Our study reveals that CCM proteins directly orchestrate ROCK1 and ROCK2 complementary roles on the mechanics of the endothelium. CCM proteins act as a scaffold promoting ROCK2 interactions with VE-cadherin and limiting ROCK1 kinase activity. Loss of CCM1 produces excessive ROCK1-dependent actin stress fibers and destabilizes intercellular junctions. Silencing of ROCK1 but not ROCK2 restores the adhesive and mechanical homeostasis of CCM1/2-depleted endothelial monolayers and rescues cardiovascular defects of ccm1 mutant zebrafish embryos. Conversely, knocking down of Rock2 but not Rock1 in WT zebrafish embryos generates defects reminiscent of the ccm1 mutant phenotypes. Our study uncovers the role of the CCM complex in controlling ROCK1 and ROCK2 to preserve endothelial integrity and drive heart morphogenesis. Moreover, it identifies solely the ROCK1 isoform as therapeutic target for the CCM disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Lisowska
- INSERM U1209, Institute for Advanced Biosciences, F-38700 La Tronche, France
- Université Grenoble Alpes , F-38042 Grenoble, France
- CNRS UMR 5309, Institute for Advanced Biosciences F-38700 La Tronche, France
| | - Claudia Jasmin Rödel
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, Potsdam University, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Sandra Manet
- INSERM U1209, Institute for Advanced Biosciences, F-38700 La Tronche, France
- Université Grenoble Alpes , F-38042 Grenoble, France
- CNRS UMR 5309, Institute for Advanced Biosciences F-38700 La Tronche, France
| | - Yekaterina A. Miroshnikova
- INSERM U1209, Institute for Advanced Biosciences, F-38700 La Tronche, France
- Université Grenoble Alpes , F-38042 Grenoble, France
- CNRS UMR 5309, Institute for Advanced Biosciences F-38700 La Tronche, France
| | - Cyril Boyault
- INSERM U1209, Institute for Advanced Biosciences, F-38700 La Tronche, France
- Université Grenoble Alpes , F-38042 Grenoble, France
- CNRS UMR 5309, Institute for Advanced Biosciences F-38700 La Tronche, France
| | - Emmanuelle Planus
- INSERM U1209, Institute for Advanced Biosciences, F-38700 La Tronche, France
- Université Grenoble Alpes , F-38042 Grenoble, France
- CNRS UMR 5309, Institute for Advanced Biosciences F-38700 La Tronche, France
| | - Richard De Mets
- Université Grenoble Alpes , F-38042 Grenoble, France
- CNRS UMR 5588 LIPhy, F-38041 Grenoble, France
| | - Hsiao-Hui Lee
- Department of Life Sciences & Institute of Genome Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei City 112, Taiwan
| | - Olivier Destaing
- INSERM U1209, Institute for Advanced Biosciences, F-38700 La Tronche, France
- Université Grenoble Alpes , F-38042 Grenoble, France
- CNRS UMR 5309, Institute for Advanced Biosciences F-38700 La Tronche, France
| | - Hichem Mertani
- INSERM UMR 1052, CNRS 5286 CRCL Centre Léon Bérard F-69373 Lyon Cedex 08, France
| | - Gwénola Boulday
- INSERM, UMR-S1161, Paris, F-75010, France
- Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UMR-S1161, Paris, F-75010, France
- AP-HP, Groupe hospitalier Saint-Louis Lariboisiere-Fernand-Widal, Paris, F-75010, France
| | - Elisabeth Tournier-Lasserve
- INSERM, UMR-S1161, Paris, F-75010, France
- Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UMR-S1161, Paris, F-75010, France
- AP-HP, Groupe hospitalier Saint-Louis Lariboisiere-Fernand-Widal, Paris, F-75010, France
| | - Martial Balland
- Université Grenoble Alpes , F-38042 Grenoble, France
- CNRS UMR 5588 LIPhy, F-38041 Grenoble, France
| | - Salim Abdelilah-Seyfried
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, Potsdam University, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Hannover Medical School, D-30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Corinne Albiges-Rizo
- INSERM U1209, Institute for Advanced Biosciences, F-38700 La Tronche, France
- Université Grenoble Alpes , F-38042 Grenoble, France
- CNRS UMR 5309, Institute for Advanced Biosciences F-38700 La Tronche, France
| | - Eva Faurobert
- INSERM U1209, Institute for Advanced Biosciences, F-38700 La Tronche, France
- Université Grenoble Alpes , F-38042 Grenoble, France
- CNRS UMR 5309, Institute for Advanced Biosciences F-38700 La Tronche, France
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62
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Zhang WC, Du LJ, Zheng XJ, Chen XQ, Shi C, Chen BY, Sun XN, Li C, Zhang YY, Liu Y, Xiao H, Leng Q, Jiang X, Zhang Z, Sun S, Duan SZ. Elevated sodium chloride drives type I interferon signaling in macrophages and increases antiviral resistance. J Biol Chem 2017; 293:1030-1039. [PMID: 29203528 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.805093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2017] [Revised: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Type I IFN production and signaling in macrophages play critical roles in innate immune responses. High salt (i.e. high concentrations of NaCl) has been proposed to be an important environmental factor that influences immune responses in multiple ways. However, it remains unknown whether high salt regulates type I IFN production and signaling in macrophages. Here, we demonstrated that high salt promoted IFNβ production and its signaling in both human and mouse macrophages, and consequentially primed macrophages for strengthened immune sensing and signaling when challenged with viruses or viral nucleic acid analogues. Using both pharmacological inhibitors and RNA interference we showed that these effects of high salt on IFNβ signaling were mediated by the p38 MAPK/ATF2/AP1 signaling pathway. Consistently, high salt increased resistance to vesicle stomatitis virus (VSV) infection in vitro. In vivo data indicated that a high-salt diet protected mice from lethal VSV infection. Taken together, these results identify high salt as a crucial regulator of type I IFN production and signaling, shedding important new light on the regulation of innate immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wu-Chang Zhang
- From the Ninth People's Hospital, School of Stomatology and.,the Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011
| | - Lin-Juan Du
- From the Ninth People's Hospital, School of Stomatology and.,the Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011.,the Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031
| | - Xiao-Jun Zheng
- From the Ninth People's Hospital, School of Stomatology and.,the Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011.,the Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031
| | - Xiao-Qing Chen
- the Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, and
| | - Chaoji Shi
- From the Ninth People's Hospital, School of Stomatology and.,the Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011
| | - Bo-Yan Chen
- From the Ninth People's Hospital, School of Stomatology and.,the Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011
| | - Xue-Nan Sun
- From the Ninth People's Hospital, School of Stomatology and.,the Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011.,the Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031
| | - Chao Li
- From the Ninth People's Hospital, School of Stomatology and.,the Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011.,the Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031
| | - Yu-Yao Zhang
- From the Ninth People's Hospital, School of Stomatology and.,the Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011.,the Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031
| | - Yan Liu
- From the Ninth People's Hospital, School of Stomatology and.,the Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011
| | - Hui Xiao
- the Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Qibin Leng
- the Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Xinquan Jiang
- From the Ninth People's Hospital, School of Stomatology and.,the Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011
| | - Zhiyuan Zhang
- From the Ninth People's Hospital, School of Stomatology and.,the Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011
| | - Shuyang Sun
- From the Ninth People's Hospital, School of Stomatology and .,the Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011
| | - Sheng-Zhong Duan
- From the Ninth People's Hospital, School of Stomatology and .,the Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Endothelial cells dysfunctions are crucial determinants of several human diseases. We review here the most recent reports on endothelial cell defects in cerebral cavernous malformations (CCMs), particularly focusing on adherens junctions. CCM is a vascular disease that affects specifically the venous microvessels of the central nervous system and which is caused by loss-of-function mutation in any one of the three CCM genes (CCM1, 2 or 3) in endothelial cells. The phenotypic result of these mutations are focal vascular malformations that are permeable and fragile causing neurological symptoms and occasionally haemorrhagic stroke. RECENT FINDINGS CCM is still an incurable disease, as no pharmacological treatment is available, besides surgery. The definition of the molecular alterations ensuing loss of function mutation of CCM genes is contributing to orientate the testing of targeted pharmacological tools.Several signalling pathways are altered in the three genotypes in a similar way and concur in the acquisition of mesenchymal markers in endothelial cells. However, also genotype-specific defects are reported, in particular for the CCM1 and CCM3 mutation. SUMMARY Besides the specific CCM disease, the characterization of endothelial alterations in CCM has the potentiality to shed light on basic molecular regulations as the acquisition and maintenance of organ and vascular site specificity of endothelial cells.
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Nguyen HL, Boon LM, Vikkula M. Vascular Anomalies Caused by Abnormal Signaling within Endothelial Cells: Targets for Novel Therapies. Semin Intervent Radiol 2017; 34:233-238. [PMID: 28955112 DOI: 10.1055/s-0037-1604296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Vascular anomalies arise as a consequence of improper development and maintenance of the vasculature. Our knowledge on the pathophysiological bases of vascular anomalies has skyrocketed during the past 5 years. It is becoming clear that common intracellular signaling pathways are often activated by mutations, causing endothelial cell dysfunction. These mutations cause hyperactivation of two major intracellular signaling pathways that may be controlled by inhibitors developed for cancer treatment. Although we do not know yet all the downstream effects, it has become evident that normalization of the abnormal signaling is an interesting target for therapy. This is a major paradigm change, as developmental malformations were considered to be inert to any molecular treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ha-Long Nguyen
- Laboratory of Human Molecular Genetics, de Duve Institute, University of Louvain (UCL), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Laurence M Boon
- Laboratory of Human Molecular Genetics, de Duve Institute, University of Louvain (UCL), Brussels, Belgium.,Center for Vascular Anomalies, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, University of Louvain (UCL), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Miikka Vikkula
- Laboratory of Human Molecular Genetics, de Duve Institute, University of Louvain (UCL), Brussels, Belgium.,Center for Vascular Anomalies, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, University of Louvain (UCL), Brussels, Belgium
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65
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Schmitz M, Ziv T, Admon A, Baekelandt S, Mandiki SN, L'Hoir M, Kestemont P. Salinity stress, enhancing basal and induced immune responses in striped catfish Pangasianodon hypophthalmus (Sauvage). J Proteomics 2017; 167:12-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2017.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Revised: 08/02/2017] [Accepted: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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66
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Zhang J, Dubey P, Padarti A, Zhang A, Patel R, Patel V, Cistola D, Badr A. Novel functions of CCM1 delimit the relationship of PTB/PH domains. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2017; 1865:1274-1286. [PMID: 28698152 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2017.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Revised: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 07/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Three NPXY motifs and one FERM domain in CCM1 makes it a versatile scaffold protein for tethering the signaling components together within the CCM signaling complex (CSC). The cellular role of CCM1 protein remains inadequately expounded. Both phosphotyrosine binding (PTB) and pleckstrin homology (PH) domains were recognized as structurally related but functionally distinct domains. METHODS By utilizing molecular cloning, protein binding assays and RT-qPCR to identify novel cellular partners of CCM1 and its cellular expression patterns; by screening candidate PTB/PH proteins and subsequently structurally simulation in combining with current X-ray crystallography and NMR data to defined the essential structure of PTB/PH domain for NPXY-binding and the relationship among PTB, PH and FERM domain(s). RESULTS We identified a group of 28 novel cellular partners of CCM1, all of which contain either PTB or PH domain(s), and developed a novel classification system for these PTB/PH proteins based on their relationship with different NPXY motifs of CCM1. Our results demonstrated that CCM1 has a wide spectrum of binding to different PTB/PH proteins and perpetuates their specificity to interact with certain PTB/PH domains through selective combination of three NPXY motifs. We also demonstrated that CCM1 can be assembled into oligomers through intermolecular interaction between its F3 lobe in FERM domain and one of the three NPXY motifs. Despite being embedded in FERM domain as F3 lobe, F3 module acts as a fully functional PH domain to interact with NPXY motif. The most salient feature of the study was that both PTB and PH domains are structurally and functionally comparable, suggesting that PTB domain is likely evolved from PH domain with polymorphic structural additions at its N-terminus. CONCLUSIONS A new β1A-strand of the PTB domain was discovered and new minimum structural requirement of PTB/PH domain for NPXY motif-binding was determined. Based on our data, a novel theory of structure, function and relationship of PTB, PH and FERM domains has been proposed, which extends the importance of the NPXY-PTB/PH interaction on the CSC signaling and/or other cell receptors with great potential pointing to new therapeutic strategies. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE The study provides new insight into the structural characteristics of PTB/PH domains, essential structural elements of PTB/PH domain required for NPXY motif-binding, and function and relationship among PTB, PH and FERM domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, TX 79905, USA.
| | - Pallavi Dubey
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, TX 79905, USA
| | - Akhil Padarti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, TX 79905, USA
| | - Aileen Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, TX 79905, USA
| | - Rinkal Patel
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, TX 79905, USA
| | - Vipulkumar Patel
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, TX 79905, USA
| | - David Cistola
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, TX 79905, USA
| | - Ahmed Badr
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, TX 79905, USA
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Rac1 signaling regulates cigarette smoke-induced inflammation in the lung via the Erk1/2 MAPK and STAT3 pathways. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2017; 1863:1778-1788. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2017.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Revised: 03/24/2017] [Accepted: 04/16/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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68
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Corre I, Paris F, Huot J. The p38 pathway, a major pleiotropic cascade that transduces stress and metastatic signals in endothelial cells. Oncotarget 2017; 8:55684-55714. [PMID: 28903453 PMCID: PMC5589692 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.18264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
By gating the traffic of molecules and cells across the vessel wall, endothelial cells play a central role in regulating cardiovascular functions and systemic homeostasis and in modulating pathophysiological processes such as inflammation and immunity. Accordingly, the loss of endothelial cell integrity is associated with pathological disorders that include atherosclerosis and cancer. The p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades are major signaling pathways that regulate several functions of endothelial cells in response to exogenous and endogenous stimuli including growth factors, stress and cytokines. The p38 MAPK family contains four isoforms p38α, p38β, p38γ and p38δ that are encoded by four different genes. They are all widely expressed although to different levels in almost all human tissues. p38α/MAPK14, that is ubiquitously expressed is the prototype member of the family and is referred here as p38. It regulates the production of inflammatory mediators, and controls cell proliferation, differentiation, migration and survival. Its activation in endothelial cells leads to actin remodeling, angiogenesis, DNA damage response and thereby has major impact on cardiovascular homeostasis, and on cancer progression. In this manuscript, we review the biology of p38 in regulating endothelial functions especially in response to oxidative stress and during the metastatic process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Corre
- CRCINA, INSERM, CNRS, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - François Paris
- CRCINA, INSERM, CNRS, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Jacques Huot
- Le Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval et le Centre de Recherche sur le Cancer de l'Université Laval, Québec, Canada
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69
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Wang L, Lu L. Ultraviolet Irradiation-Induced Volume Alteration of Corneal Epithelial Cells. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2016; 57:6747-6756. [PMID: 27978555 PMCID: PMC5172162 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.16-19763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose The purpose of the study is to understand how extracellular stresses, such as ultraviolet (UV) irradiation, affect corneal epithelial cells. Cell volume changes, damage to corneal epithelial integrity, and cellular responses were assessed after exposure to UVC stresses. Methods Primary human and rabbit corneal epithelial cells were exposed to UVC light in culture conditions. Ultraviolet C irradiation–induced changes in cell size and volume were measured by real-time microscopy and self-quenching of the fluorescent dye calcein, respectively. The effects of UVC irradiation on Src and focal adhesion kinase (FAK) phosphorylation and FAK-dependent integrin signaling were detected by ELISA, immunoblotting, and immunostaining. Results Ultraviolet C irradiation induced both size and volume shifts in human and rabbit corneal epithelial cells. Ultraviolet C irradiation-induced decrease of cell volume elicited activation of Src and FAK, characterized by increased phosphorylations of SrcY416, FAKY397, and FAKY925. In addition, immunostaining studies showed UVC irradiation–induced increases in phosphorylation of FAK and formation of integrin β5 clustering. Application of Kv channel blockers, including 4-aminopyridine (4-AP), α-DTX, and depressing substance-1 (BDS-1), effectively suppressed UVC irradiation–induced cell volume changes, and subsequently inhibited UVC irradiation–induced phosphorylation of Src/FAK, and formation of integrin β5 clustering, suggesting UVC irradiation–induced volume changes and Src/FAK activation. Hyperosmotic pressure–induced volume decreases were measured in comparison with effects of UVC irradiation on volume and Src/FAK activation. However, Kv channel blocker, 4-AP, had no effect on hyperosmotic pressure–induced responses. Conclusions The present study demonstrates that UVC irradiation–induced decreases in cell volume lead to Src/FAK activation due to a rapid loss of K ions through membrane Kv channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Wang
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine University of California Los Angeles, Torrance, California, United States
| | - Luo Lu
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine University of California Los Angeles, Torrance, California, United States
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70
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Quantitative analysis of protease recognition by inhibitors in plasma using microscale thermophoresis. Sci Rep 2016; 6:35413. [PMID: 27739542 PMCID: PMC5064372 DOI: 10.1038/srep35413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2016] [Accepted: 09/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
High abundance proteins like protease inhibitors of plasma display a multitude of interactions in natural environments. Quantitative analysis of such interactions in vivo is essential to study diseases, but have not been forthcoming, as most methods cannot be directly applied in a complex biological environment. Here, we report a quantitative microscale thermophoresis assay capable of deciphering functional deviations from in vitro inhibition data by combining concentration and affinity measurements. We obtained stable measurement signals for the substrate-like interaction of the disease relevant inhibitor α-1-antitrypsin (AAT) Z-variant with catalytically inactive elastase. The signal differentiates between healthy and sick AAT-deficient individuals suggesting that affinity between AAT and elastase is strongly modulated by so-far overlooked additional binding partners from the plasma.
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71
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Zou X, Blank M. Targeting p38 MAP kinase signaling in cancer through post-translational modifications. Cancer Lett 2016; 384:19-26. [PMID: 27725227 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2016.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2016] [Revised: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 10/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The p38 MAPK signaling pathway is a key signal transduction cascade that cancer cells employ to sense and adapt to a plethora of environmental stimuli, and has attracted much attention as a promising target for cancer therapy. Accumulating evidence suggests a dual role of p38 signaling in various types of cancers, wherein the p38 pathway can both suppress and promote tumor growth, metastasis and chemoresistance. This dual role of p38 signaling, along with its context dependence and versatility, poses a great challenge for developing efficient anticancer treatment. An increasing number of studies showed that p38 signaling is subject to regulation by a variety of post-translational modifications (PTMs). Recently, large-scale proteomics profilings have identified a large number of PTMs on key components of the p38 pathway. However, the majority of these modifications and their biological significance in cancer remain uncharacterized. In this review, we highlight a series of studies that focus on the PTMs in the p38 cascade landscape, and discuss the complexity and implications of these PTMs in p38 MAPK signaling regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Zou
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Cancer Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel
| | - Michael Blank
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Cancer Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel.
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72
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Bai JA, jie H, wei S, Wang S, Guo H, Tang Q. GART mediates the renewal of intestinal epithelial barrier via p38/p53/PUMA cascade in colitis. Apoptosis 2016; 21:1386-1397. [DOI: 10.1007/s10495-016-1301-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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73
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Cuttano R, Rudini N, Bravi L, Corada M, Giampietro C, Papa E, Morini MF, Maddaluno L, Baeyens N, Adams RH, Jain MK, Owens GK, Schwartz M, Lampugnani MG, Dejana E. KLF4 is a key determinant in the development and progression of cerebral cavernous malformations. EMBO Mol Med 2016; 8:6-24. [PMID: 26612856 PMCID: PMC4718159 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.201505433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Cerebral cavernous malformations (CCMs) are vascular malformations located within the central nervous system often resulting in cerebral hemorrhage. Pharmacological treatment is needed, since current therapy is limited to neurosurgery. Familial CCM is caused by loss‐of‐function mutations in any of Ccm1, Ccm2, and Ccm3 genes. CCM cavernomas are lined by endothelial cells (ECs) undergoing endothelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition (EndMT). This switch in phenotype is due to the activation of the transforming growth factor beta/bone morphogenetic protein (TGFβ/BMP) signaling. However, the mechanism linking Ccm gene inactivation and TGFβ/BMP‐dependent EndMT remains undefined. Here, we report that Ccm1 ablation leads to the activation of a MEKK3‐MEK5‐ERK5‐MEF2 signaling axis that induces a strong increase in Kruppel‐like factor 4 (KLF4) in ECs in vivo. KLF4 transcriptional activity is responsible for the EndMT occurring in CCM1‐null ECs. KLF4 promotes TGFβ/BMP signaling through the production of BMP6. Importantly, in endothelial‐specific Ccm1 and Klf4 double knockout mice, we observe a strong reduction in the development of CCM and mouse mortality. Our data unveil KLF4 as a therapeutic target for CCM.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Noemi Rudini
- IFOM the FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Luca Bravi
- IFOM the FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Monica Corada
- IFOM the FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Costanza Giampietro
- IFOM the FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Eleanna Papa
- IFOM the FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy on leave of absence at Department of Neurology, Laboratory for Molecular Neuro-Oncology University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Marco Francesco Morini
- IFOM the FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy on leave of absence at Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Luigi Maddaluno
- IFOM the FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy on leave of absence at Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Ralf H Adams
- Department of Tissue Morphogenesis, Faculty of Medicine, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Mukesh K Jain
- Case Cardiovascular Research Institute, Cleveland, OH, USA Harrington Heart & Vascular Institute, Cleveland, OH, USA Department of Medicine University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Gary K Owens
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | | | - Maria Grazia Lampugnani
- IFOM the FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy Mario Negri Institute of Pharmacological Research, Milan, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Dejana
- IFOM the FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden Department of Oncology and Oncohematology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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74
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Huang WQ, Lu CX, Zhang Y, Yi KH, Cai LL, Li ML, Wang H, Lin Q, Tzeng CM. A Novel CCM2 Gene Mutation Associated with Familial Cerebral Cavernous Malformation. Front Aging Neurosci 2016; 8:220. [PMID: 27708576 PMCID: PMC5030299 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2016.00220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Accepted: 09/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Cerebral cavernous malformations (CCMs) are common vascular malformations that predominantly arise in the central nervous system and are mainly characterized by enlarged vascular cavities without intervening brain parenchyma. Familial CCMs (FCCMs) is inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern with incomplete penetrance and variable symptoms. Methods: Mutations of three pathogenic genes, CCM1, CCM2, and CCM3, were investigated by direct DNA sequencing in a Chinese family with multiple CCM lesions. Results: Four heterozygous variants in the CCM2 gene, including one deletion (c.95delC), a missense mutation (c.358G>A, p.V120I), one silent mutation (c.915G>A, p.T305T), and a substitution (c. *1452 T>C), were identified in the subjects with multiple CCM lesions, but not in a healthy sibling. Among these variants, the c.95delC deletion is a novel mutation which is expected to cause a premature termination codon. It is predicted to produce a truncated CCM2 protein lacking the PTB and C-terminal domains, thus disrupting the molecular functions of CCM2. Conclusions: The novel truncating mutation in the CCM2 gene, c.95delC, may be responsible for multiple CCM lesions in a part of FCCM. In addition, it may represent a potential genetic biomarker for early diagnosis of FCCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Qing Huang
- Translational Medicine Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen UniversityXiamen, China; Key Laboratory for Cancer T-Cell Theranostics and Clinical TranslationXiamen, China
| | - Cong-Xia Lu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University Xiamen, China
| | - Ya Zhang
- Translational Medicine Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen UniversityXiamen, China; Key Laboratory for Cancer T-Cell Theranostics and Clinical TranslationXiamen, China
| | - Ke-Hui Yi
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen UniversityXiamen, China; The First Clinical College of Fujian Medical UniversityFuzhou, China
| | - Liang-Liang Cai
- Translational Medicine Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen UniversityXiamen, China; Key Laboratory for Cancer T-Cell Theranostics and Clinical TranslationXiamen, China
| | - Ming-Li Li
- Translational Medicine Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen UniversityXiamen, China; Key Laboratory for Cancer T-Cell Theranostics and Clinical TranslationXiamen, China
| | - Han Wang
- Translational Medicine Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen UniversityXiamen, China; Key Laboratory for Cancer T-Cell Theranostics and Clinical TranslationXiamen, China
| | - Qing Lin
- Translational Medicine Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen UniversityXiamen, China; Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen UniversityXiamen, China
| | - Chi-Meng Tzeng
- Translational Medicine Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen UniversityXiamen, China; Key Laboratory for Cancer T-Cell Theranostics and Clinical TranslationXiamen, China; INNOVA Cell: TDx/Clinics and TRANSLATE Health GroupYangzhou, China
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75
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Retta SF, Glading AJ. Oxidative stress and inflammation in cerebral cavernous malformation disease pathogenesis: Two sides of the same coin. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2016; 81:254-270. [PMID: 27639680 PMCID: PMC5155701 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2016.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2016] [Revised: 09/08/2016] [Accepted: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
CCM proteins play pleiotropic roles in various redox-sensitive signaling pathways. CCM proteins modulate the crosstalk between redox signaling and autophagy that govern cell homeostasis and stress responses. Oxidative stress and inflammation are emerging as key focal determinants of CCM lesion formation, progression and severity. The pleiotropic functions of CCM proteins may prevent vascular dysfunctions triggered by local oxidative stress and inflammatory events. The distinct therapeutic compounds proposed so far for CCM disease share the ability to modulate redox signaling and autophagy.
Cerebral Cavernous Malformation (CCM) is a vascular disease of proven genetic origin, which may arise sporadically or is inherited as an autosomal dominant condition with incomplete penetrance and highly variable expressivity. CCM lesions exhibit a range of different phenotypes, including wide inter-individual differences in lesion number, size, and susceptibility to intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). Lesions may remain asymptomatic or result in pathological conditions of various type and severity at any age, with symptoms ranging from recurrent headaches to severe neurological deficits, seizures, and stroke. To date there are no direct therapeutic approaches for CCM disease besides the surgical removal of accessible lesions. Novel pharmacological strategies are particularly needed to limit disease progression and severity and prevent de novo formation of CCM lesions in susceptible individuals. Useful insights into innovative approaches for CCM disease prevention and treatment are emerging from a growing understanding of the biological functions of the three known CCM proteins, CCM1/KRIT1, CCM2 and CCM3/PDCD10. In particular, accumulating evidence indicates that these proteins play major roles in distinct signaling pathways, including those involved in cellular responses to oxidative stress, inflammation and angiogenesis, pointing to pathophysiological mechanisms whereby the function of CCM proteins may be relevant in preventing vascular dysfunctions triggered by these events. Indeed, emerging findings demonstrate that the pleiotropic roles of CCM proteins reflect their critical capacity to modulate the fine-tuned crosstalk between redox signaling and autophagy that govern cell homeostasis and stress responses, providing a novel mechanistic scenario that reconciles both the multiple signaling pathways linked to CCM proteins and the distinct therapeutic approaches proposed so far. In addition, recent studies in CCM patient cohorts suggest that genetic susceptibility factors related to differences in vascular sensitivity to oxidative stress and inflammation contribute to inter-individual differences in CCM disease susceptibility and severity. This review discusses recent progress into the understanding of the molecular basis and mechanisms of CCM disease pathogenesis, with specific emphasis on the potential contribution of altered cell responses to oxidative stress and inflammatory events occurring locally in the microvascular environment, and consequent implications for the development of novel, safe, and effective preventive and therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saverio Francesco Retta
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Torino, Regione Gonzole 10, 10043 Orbassano, Torino, Italy; CCM Italia Research Network(1).
| | - Angela J Glading
- University of Rochester Medical Center, School of Medicine and Dentistry, 601 Elmwood Ave, 14642 Rochester, NY, USA.
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Choi JP, Foley M, Zhou Z, Wong WY, Gokoolparsadh N, Arthur JSC, Li DY, Zheng X. Micro-CT Imaging Reveals Mekk3 Heterozygosity Prevents Cerebral Cavernous Malformations in Ccm2-Deficient Mice. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0160833. [PMID: 27513872 PMCID: PMC4981389 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0160833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in CCM1 (aka KRIT1), CCM2, or CCM3 (aka PDCD10) gene cause cerebral cavernous malformation in humans. Mouse models of CCM disease have been established by deleting Ccm genes in postnatal animals. These mouse models provide invaluable tools to investigate molecular mechanism and therapeutic approaches for CCM disease. However, the full value of these animal models is limited by the lack of an accurate and quantitative method to assess lesion burden and progression. In the present study we have established a refined and detailed contrast enhanced X-ray micro-CT method to measure CCM lesion burden in mouse brains. As this study utilized a voxel dimension of 9.5μm (leading to a minimum feature size of approximately 25μm), it is therefore sufficient to measure CCM lesion volume and number globally and accurately, and provide high-resolution 3-D mapping of CCM lesions in mouse brains. Using this method, we found loss of Ccm1 or Ccm2 in neonatal endothelium confers CCM lesions in the mouse hindbrain with similar total volume and number. This quantitative approach also demonstrated a rescue of CCM lesions with simultaneous deletion of one allele of Mekk3. This method would enhance the value of the established mouse models to study the molecular basis and potential therapies for CCM and other cerebrovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaesung P. Choi
- Lab of Cardiovascular Signaling, Centenary Institute, Sydney, NSW, 2050, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2050, Australia
| | - Matthew Foley
- Australian Centre for Microscopy & Microanalysis, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Zinan Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology and Cardiovascular Institute, University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Civic Center Blvd, Philadelphia, PA, 19104
| | - Weng-Yew Wong
- Lab of Cardiovascular Signaling, Centenary Institute, Sydney, NSW, 2050, Australia
| | - Naveena Gokoolparsadh
- Australian Centre for Microscopy & Microanalysis, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - J. Simon C. Arthur
- Division of Cell Signaling and Immunology, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 5EH, United Kingdom
| | - Dean Y. Li
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine and the Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, United States of America
| | - Xiangjian Zheng
- Lab of Cardiovascular Signaling, Centenary Institute, Sydney, NSW, 2050, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2050, Australia
- * E-mail:
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77
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Zhou J, Liu Y, Luo X, Shen R, Yang C, Yang T, Shi S. Identification and association of RAC1 gene polymorphisms with mRNA and protein expression levels of Rac1 in solid organ (kidney, liver, heart) transplant recipients. Mol Med Rep 2016; 14:1379-88. [PMID: 27279566 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.5383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2015] [Accepted: 05/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The activation of Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 (Rac1) is critical in the renal, hepatic and cardiac diseases that lead to the requirement for transplantation, however, no investigations have been performed in Chinese populations to determine the association between RAC1 genotypes and the activation of Rac1. In the present study, 304 solid organ transplant recipients (SOTRs), consisting of 164 renal transplantations, 85 hepatic transplantations and 55 cardiac transplantations, and 332 Chinese healthy control subjects were recruited to investigate whether differences existed in the mRNA and protein expression levels of Rac1 in the different groups. Furthermore, the present study identified and investigated associations of the RAC1 (rs702482, rs10951982, rs702483 and rs6954996) genotypes with the mRNA expression levels of RAC1, and the protein expression levels of total Rac1 and active Rac1‑guanosine triphosphatase (GTP). It was identified that the healthy population had significantly higher levels of Rac1 and Rac1‑GTP, compared with the kidney, liver and heart transplantation populations (P<0.001 for all comparisons). Significant associations (P<0.05) were observed between the RAC1 genotypes and the expression levels of mRNA, Rac1 and Rac1‑GTP. However, the changes in the mRNA expression levels of RAC1 with genotypes were different from those of the proteins. The results of the present study represent the first, to the best of our knowledge, to report that Rac1 and Rac1‑GTP proteins can be downregulated in SOTRs, and that RAC1 genetic polymorphisms can potentially affect the mRNA expression of RAC1, and the protein expression of Rac1 and Rac1‑GTP. These results provide a foundation for further functional investigations to determine the biological and molecular functions of the RAC1 gene in SOTRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiali Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
| | - Yani Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
| | - Xiaomei Luo
- Department of Pharmacy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
| | - Rufei Shen
- Department of Pharmacy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
| | - Chunxiao Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
| | - Tingyu Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
| | - Shaojun Shi
- Department of Pharmacy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
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78
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Zhou X, Naguro I, Ichijo H, Watanabe K. Mitogen-activated protein kinases as key players in osmotic stress signaling. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2016; 1860:2037-52. [PMID: 27261090 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2016.05.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2016] [Accepted: 05/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osmotic stress arises from the difference between intracellular and extracellular osmolality. It induces cell swelling or shrinkage as a consequence of water influx or efflux, which threatens cellular activities. Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) play central roles in signaling pathways in osmotic stress responses, including the regulation of intracellular levels of inorganic ions and organic osmolytes. SCOPE OF REVIEW The present review summarizes the cellular osmotic stress response and the function and regulation of the vertebrate MAPK signaling pathways involved. We also describe recent findings regarding apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 3 (ASK3), a MAP3K member, to demonstrate its regulatory effects on signaling molecules beyond MAPKs. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS MAPKs are rapidly activated by osmotic stress and have diverse roles, such as cell volume regulation, gene expression, and cell survival/death. There is significant cell type specificity in the function and regulation of MAPKs. Based on its activity change during osmotic stress and its regulation of the WNK1-SPAK/OSR1 pathway, ASK3 is expected to play important roles in osmosensing mechanisms and cellular functions related to osmoregulation. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE MAPKs are essential for various cellular responses to osmotic stress; thus, the identification of the upstream regulators of MAPK pathways will provide valuable clues regarding the cellular osmosensing mechanism, which remains elusive in mammals. The elucidation of in vivo MAPK functions is also important because osmotic stress in physiological and pathophysiological conditions often results from changes in the intracellular osmolality. These studies potentially contribute to the establishment of therapeutic strategies against diseases that accompany osmotic perturbation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyu Zhou
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Isao Naguro
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Hidenori Ichijo
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Kengo Watanabe
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
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79
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Yang Y, Andersson P, Hosaka K, Zhang Y, Cao R, Iwamoto H, Yang X, Nakamura M, Wang J, Zhuang R, Morikawa H, Xue Y, Braun H, Beyaert R, Samani N, Nakae S, Hams E, Dissing S, Fallon PG, Langer R, Cao Y. The PDGF-BB-SOX7 axis-modulated IL-33 in pericytes and stromal cells promotes metastasis through tumour-associated macrophages. Nat Commun 2016; 7:11385. [PMID: 27150562 PMCID: PMC4859070 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms11385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2016] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Signalling molecules and pathways that mediate crosstalk between various tumour cellular compartments in cancer metastasis remain largely unknown. We report a mechanism of the interaction between perivascular cells and tumour-associated macrophages (TAMs) in promoting metastasis through the IL-33–ST2-dependent pathway in xenograft mouse models of cancer. IL-33 is the highest upregulated gene through activation of SOX7 transcription factor in PDGF-BB-stimulated pericytes. Gain- and loss-of-function experiments validate that IL-33 promotes metastasis through recruitment of TAMs. Pharmacological inhibition of the IL-33–ST2 signalling by a soluble ST2 significantly inhibits TAMs and metastasis. Genetic deletion of host IL-33 in mice also blocks PDGF-BB-induced TAM recruitment and metastasis. These findings shed light on the role of tumour stroma in promoting metastasis and have therapeutic implications for cancer therapy. Elevated IL-33 levels have been correlated with metastasis and poor prognosis. Here the authors show in mouse tumour xenograft models that PDGF-BB produced by tumour cells induces IL-33 via Sox7 in tumour pericytes, and IL-33 promotes metastasis through its effects on tumour-associated macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunlong Yang
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institute, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Patrik Andersson
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institute, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kayoko Hosaka
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institute, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Yin Zhang
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institute, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Renhai Cao
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institute, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hideki Iwamoto
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institute, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Xiaojuan Yang
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institute, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Masaki Nakamura
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institute, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institute, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Rujie Zhuang
- The TCM Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, China
| | - Hiromasa Morikawa
- Unit of Computational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institute, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Yuan Xue
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institute, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden.,Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Harald Braun
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium.,Unit of Molecular Signal Transduction in Inflammation, Inflammation Research Center VIB, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Rudi Beyaert
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium.,Unit of Molecular Signal Transduction in Inflammation, Inflammation Research Center VIB, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Nilesh Samani
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester and NIHR Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester LE3 9QP, UK
| | - Susumu Nakae
- Laboratory of Systems Biology, Center for Experimental Medicine and Systems Biology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Emily Hams
- School of Medicine, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, College Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Steen Dissing
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen, 2200N Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Padraic G Fallon
- School of Medicine, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, College Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Robert Langer
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Yihai Cao
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institute, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester and NIHR Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester LE3 9QP, UK.,Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, Linköping University, 581 83 Linköping, Sweden
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80
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Zhou Z, Tang AT, Wong WY, Bamezai S, Goddard LM, Shenkar R, Zhou S, Yang J, Wright AC, Foley M, Arthur JSC, Whitehead KJ, Awad IA, Li DY, Zheng X, Kahn ML. Cerebral cavernous malformations arise from endothelial gain of MEKK3-KLF2/4 signalling. Nature 2016; 532:122-6. [PMID: 27027284 PMCID: PMC4864035 DOI: 10.1038/nature17178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 212] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2015] [Accepted: 01/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Cerebral cavernous malformations (CCMs) are common inherited and sporadic vascular malformations that cause stroke and seizures in younger individuals1. CCMs arise from endothelial cell loss of KRIT1, CCM2, or PDCD10, non-homologous proteins that form an adaptor complex2. How disruption of the CCM complex results in disease remains controversial, with numerous signaling pathways (including Rho3,4, SMAD5 and Wnt/β-catenin6) and processes such as endothelial-mesenchymal transition (EndMT)5 proposed to play causal roles. CCM2 binds MEKK37–11, and we have recently demonstrated that CCM complex regulation of MEKK3 is essential during vertebrate heart development12. Here, we investigate this mechanism in CCM disease pathogenesis. Using a neonatal mouse model of CCM disease, we find that expression of the MEKK3 target genes KLF2 and KLF4, as well as Rho and ADAMTS protease activity, are increased in the endothelial cells of early CCM lesions. In contrast, we find no evidence of EndMT or increased SMAD or Wnt signaling during early CCM formation. Endothelial-specific loss of Mekk3, Klf2, or Klf4 dramatically prevents lesion formation, reverses the increase in Rho activity, and rescues lethality. Consistent with these findings in mice, we demonstrate that endothelial expression of KLF2 and KLF4 is elevated in human familial and sporadic CCM lesions, and that a disease-causing human CCM2 mutation abrogates MEKK3 interaction without affecting CCM complex formation. These studies identify gain of MEKK3 signaling and KLF2/4 function as causal mechanisms for CCM pathogenesis that may be targeted to develop new CCM therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zinan Zhou
- Department of Medicine and Cardiovascular Institute, University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Civic Center Blvd, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Alan T Tang
- Department of Medicine and Cardiovascular Institute, University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Civic Center Blvd, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Weng-Yew Wong
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Signaling, Centenary Institute, Sydney, New South Wales 2050, Australia
| | - Sharika Bamezai
- Department of Medicine and Cardiovascular Institute, University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Civic Center Blvd, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Lauren M Goddard
- Department of Medicine and Cardiovascular Institute, University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Civic Center Blvd, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Robert Shenkar
- Neurovascular Surgery Program, Section of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago Medicine and Biological Sciences, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - Su Zhou
- Department of Medicine and Cardiovascular Institute, University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Civic Center Blvd, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Jisheng Yang
- Department of Medicine and Cardiovascular Institute, University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Civic Center Blvd, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Alexander C Wright
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania Medical Center, 3400 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Matthew Foley
- Sydney Microscopy &Microanalysis, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2050, Australia
| | - J Simon C Arthur
- Division of Cell Signaling and Immunology, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK
| | - Kevin J Whitehead
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine and the Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USA
| | - Issam A Awad
- Neurovascular Surgery Program, Section of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago Medicine and Biological Sciences, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - Dean Y Li
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine and the Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USA.,The Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study of Sichuan Province, Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences &Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, China
| | - Xiangjian Zheng
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Signaling, Centenary Institute, Sydney, New South Wales 2050, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2050, Australia
| | - Mark L Kahn
- Department of Medicine and Cardiovascular Institute, University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Civic Center Blvd, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
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81
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Hsu Y, Tran M, Linninger AA. Dynamic regulation of aquaporin-4 water channels in neurological disorders. Croat Med J 2016; 56:401-21. [PMID: 26526878 PMCID: PMC4655926 DOI: 10.3325/cmj.2015.56.401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Aquaporin-4 water channels play a central role in brain water regulation in neurological disorders. Aquaporin-4 is abundantly expressed at the astroglial endfeet facing the cerebral vasculature and the pial membrane, and both its expression level and subcellular localization significantly influence brain water transport. However, measurements of aquaporin-4 levels in animal models of brain injury often report opposite trends of change at the injury core and the penumbra. Furthermore, aquaporin-4 channels play a beneficial role in brain water clearance in vasogenic edema, but a detrimental role in cytotoxic edema and exacerbate cell swelling. In light of current evidence, we still do not have a complete understanding of the role of aquaporin-4 in brain water transport. In this review, we propose that the regulatory mechanisms of aquaporin-4 at the transcriptional, translational, and post-translational levels jointly regulate water permeability in the short and long time scale after injury. Furthermore, in order to understand why aquaporin-4 channels play opposing roles in cytotoxic and vasogenic edema, we discuss experimental evidence on the dynamically changing osmotic gradients between blood, extracellular space, and the cytosol during the formation of cytotoxic and vasogenic edema. We conclude with an emerging picture of the distinct osmotic environments in cytotoxic and vasogenic edema, and propose that the directions of aquaporin-4-mediated water clearance in these two types of edema are distinct. The difference in water clearance pathways may provide an explanation for the conflicting observations of the roles of aquaporin-4 in edema resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Andreas A Linninger
- Andreas Linninger, 851 S Morgan St., SEO 218, MC 063, Chicago, IL 60607, USA,
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82
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Shi M, Zhang Y, Liu L, Zhang T, Han F, Cleveland J, Wang F, McKeehan WL, Li Y, Zhang D. MAP1S Protein Regulates the Phagocytosis of Bacteria and Toll-like Receptor (TLR) Signaling. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:1243-50. [PMID: 26565030 PMCID: PMC4714212 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.687376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2015] [Revised: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Phagocytosis is a critical cellular process for innate immune defense against microbial infection. The regulation of phagocytosis process is complex and has not been well defined. An intracellular molecule might regulate cell surface-initiated phagocytosis, but the underlying molecular mechanism is poorly understood (1). In this study, we found that microtubule-associated protein 1S (MAP1S), a protein identified recently that is involved in autophagy (2), is expressed primarily in macrophages. MAP1S-deficient macrophages are impaired in the phagocytosis of bacteria. Furthermore, we demonstrate that MAP1S interacts directly with MyD88, a key adaptor of Toll-like receptors (TLRs), upon TLR activation and affects the TLR signaling pathway. Intriguingly, we also observe that, upon TLR activation, MyD88 participates in autophagy processing in a MAP1S-dependent manner by co-localizing with MAP1 light chain 3 (MAP1-LC3 or LC3). Therefore, we reveal that an intracellular autophagy-related molecule of MAP1S controls bacterial phagocytosis through TLR signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Shi
- From the Center for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases and Center for Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Houston, Texas 77030 and
| | - Yifan Zhang
- From the Center for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases and
| | - Leyuan Liu
- the School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Tingting Zhang
- From the Center for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases and
| | - Fang Han
- From the Center for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases and Center for Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Houston, Texas 77030 and
| | | | - Fen Wang
- the School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Wallace L McKeehan
- the School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Yu Li
- Center for Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Houston, Texas 77030 and
| | - Dekai Zhang
- From the Center for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases and
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83
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Zhou X. How do kinases contribute to tonicity-dependent regulation of the transcription factor NFAT5? World J Nephrol 2016; 5:20-32. [PMID: 26788461 PMCID: PMC4707165 DOI: 10.5527/wjn.v5.i1.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2015] [Revised: 10/12/2015] [Accepted: 12/11/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
NFAT5 plays a critical role in maintaining the renal functions. Its dis-regulation in the kidney leads to or is associated with certain renal diseases or disorders, most notably the urinary concentration defect. Hypertonicity, which the kidney medulla is normally exposed to, activates NFAT5 through phosphorylation of a signaling molecule or NFAT5 itself. Hypotonicity inhibits NFAT5 through a similar mechanism. More than a dozen of protein and lipid kinases have been identified to contribute to tonicity-dependent regulation of NFAT5. Hypertonicity activates NFAT5 by increasing its nuclear localization and transactivating activity in the early phase and protein abundance in the late phase. The known mechanism for inhibition of NFAT5 by hypotonicity is a decrease of nuclear NFAT5. The present article reviews the effect of each kinase on NFAT5 nuclear localization, transactivation and protein abundance, and the relationship among these kinases, if known. Cyclosporine A and tacrolimus suppress immune reactions by inhibiting the phosphatase calcineurin-dependent activation of NFAT1. It is hoped that this review would stimulate the interest to seek explanations from the NFAT5 regulatory pathways for certain clinical presentations and to explore novel therapeutic approaches based on the pathways. On the basic science front, this review raises two interesting questions. The first one is how these kinases can specifically signal to NFAT5 in the context of hypertonicity or hypotonicity, because they also regulate other cellular activities and even opposite activities in some cases. The second one is why these many kinases, some of which might have redundant functions, are needed to regulate NFAT5 activity. This review reiterates the concept of signaling through cooperation. Cells need these kinases working in a coordinated way to provide the signaling specificity that is lacking in the individual one. Redundancy in regulation of NFAT5 is a critical strategy for cells to maintain robustness against hypertonic or hypotonic stress.
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84
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Osmotic stress induces the phosphorylation of WNK4 Ser575 via the p38MAPK-MK pathway. Sci Rep 2016; 6:18710. [PMID: 26732173 PMCID: PMC4702109 DOI: 10.1038/srep18710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2015] [Accepted: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The With No lysine [K] (WNK)-Ste20-related proline/alanine-rich kinase (SPAK)/oxidative stress-responsive kinase 1 (OSR1) pathway has been reported to be a crucial signaling pathway for triggering pseudohypoaldosteronism type II (PHAII), an autosomal dominant hereditary disease that is characterized by hypertension. However, the molecular mechanism(s) by which the WNK-SPAK/OSR1 pathway is regulated remain unclear. In this report, we identified WNK4 as an interacting partner of a recently identified MAP3K, apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 3 (ASK3). We found that WNK4 is phosphorylated in an ASK3 kinase activity-dependent manner. By exploring the ASK3-dependent phosphorylation sites, we identified Ser575 as a novel phosphorylation site in WNK4 by LC-MS/MS analysis. ASK3-dependent WNK4 Ser575 phosphorylation was mediated by the p38MAPK-MAPK-activated protein kinase (MK) pathway. Osmotic stress, as well as hypotonic low-chloride stimulation, increased WNK4 Ser575 phosphorylation via the p38MAPK-MK pathway. ASK3 was required for the p38MAPK activation induced by hypotonic stimulation but was not required for that induced by hypertonic stimulation or hypotonic low-chloride stimulation. Our results suggest that the p38MAPK-MK pathway might regulate WNK4 in an osmotic stress-dependent manner but its upstream regulators might be divergent depending on the types of osmotic stimuli.
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85
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Fadini GP, Menegazzo L, Scattolini V, Gintoli M, Albiero M, Avogaro A. A perspective on NETosis in diabetes and cardiometabolic disorders. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2016; 26:1-8. [PMID: 26719220 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2015.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2015] [Revised: 11/12/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
AIMS To review the significance of a new type of neutrophil cell death (NETosis) in diabetes and cardiometabolic diseases. DATA SYNTHESIS Diabetes and the metabolic syndrome are characterized by activation of the innate immune system. In this framework, neutrophils are front line defences against infections, but can also turn deleterious if abnormally stimulated. NETosis refers to a type of cell death whereby neutrophils release nuclear material and granule enzymes that together form the NETs (neutrophil extracellular traps). As NETs entrap bacteria, NETosis is instrumental to the clearance of microorganisms, but an exaggerated NETosis response can also lead to tissue damage in several pathological conditions. In diabetes, the finely tuned balance of NETosis required to protect the human body from microorganisms yet avoiding self-damage seems to be lost. In fact, in vitro induction of NETosis and circulating concentrations of NET-associated proteins appear to be enhanced in diabetic patients. Furthermore, NETs contribute to endothelial damage, thrombosis, and ischemia/reperfusion injury, making it a novel player in the pathobiology of cardiovascular disease. Though the cellular events taking place during NETosis have been described and directly visualized, its molecular machinery is still incompletely understood. Protein kinase C (PKC) and NADPH oxidase (NOX) are two important targets to counter NETosis in the setting of diabetes. CONCLUSIONS NETosis appears to be part of an abnormal response to damage in diabetes that, in turn, can promote or aggravate end-organ complications. We suggest that this will be a hot topic of investigation in diabetology in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- G P Fadini
- Department of Medicine, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy; Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, 35129 Padova, Italy.
| | - L Menegazzo
- Department of Medicine, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy; Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, 35129 Padova, Italy
| | - V Scattolini
- Department of Medicine, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy; Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, 35129 Padova, Italy
| | - M Gintoli
- Department of Physics and Astronomy "G. Galilei", University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - M Albiero
- Department of Medicine, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy; Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, 35129 Padova, Italy
| | - A Avogaro
- Department of Medicine, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy; Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, 35129 Padova, Italy
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86
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The cerebral cavernous malformation proteins CCM2L and CCM2 prevent the activation of the MAP kinase MEKK3. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2015; 112:14284-9. [PMID: 26540726 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1510495112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Three genes, CCM1, CCM2, and CCM3, interact genetically and biochemically and are mutated in cerebral cavernous malformations (CCM). A recently described member of this CCM family of proteins, CCM2-like (CCM2L), has high homology to CCM2. Here we show that its relative expression in different tissues differs from that of CCM2 and, unlike CCM2, the expression of CCM2L in endothelial cells is regulated by density, flow, and statins. In vitro, both CCM2L and CCM2 bind MEKK3 in a complex with CCM1. Both CCM2L and CCM2 interfere with MEKK3 activation and its ability to phosphorylate MEK5, a downstream target. The in vivo relevance of this regulation was investigated in zebrafish. A knockdown of ccm2l and ccm2 in zebrafish leads to a more severe "big heart" and circulation defects compared with loss of function of ccm2 alone, and also leads to substantial body axis abnormalities. Silencing of mekk3 rescues the big heart and body axis phenotype, suggesting cross-talk between the CCM proteins and MEKK3 in vivo. In endothelial cells, CCM2 deletion leads to activation of ERK5 and a transcriptional program that are downstream of MEKK3. These findings suggest that CCM2L and CCM2 cooperate to regulate the activity of MEKK3.
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87
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Zhao J, Yin M, Deng H, Jin FQ, Xu S, Lu Y, Mastrangelo MA, Luo H, Jin ZG. Cardiac Gab1 deletion leads to dilated cardiomyopathy associated with mitochondrial damage and cardiomyocyte apoptosis. Cell Death Differ 2015; 23:695-706. [PMID: 26517531 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2015.143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2015] [Revised: 09/01/2015] [Accepted: 09/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
A vital step in the development of heart failure is the transition from compensatory cardiac hypertrophy to decompensated dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) during cardiac remodeling under mechanical or pathological stress. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the development of DCM and heart failure remain incompletely understood. In the present study, we investigate whether Gab1, a scaffolding adaptor protein, protects against hemodynamic stress-induced DCM and heat failure. We first observed that the protein levels of Gab1 were markedly reduced in hearts from human patients with DCM and from mice with experimental viral myocarditis in which DCM developed. Next, we generated cardiac-specific Gab1 knockout mice (Gab1-cKO) and found that Gab-cKO mice developed DCM in hemodynamic stress-dependent and age-dependent manners. Under transverse aorta constriction (TAC), Gab1-cKO mice rapidly developed decompensated DCM and heart failure, whereas Gab1 wild-type littermates exhibited adaptive left ventricular hypertrophy without changes in cardiac function. Mechanistically, we showed that Gab1-cKO mouse hearts displayed severe mitochondrial damages and increased cardiomyocyte apoptosis. Loss of cardiac Gab1 in mice impaired Gab1 downstream MAPK signaling pathways in the heart under TAC. Gene profiles further revealed that ablation of Gab1 in heart disrupts the balance of anti- and pro-apoptotic genes in cardiomyocytes. These results demonstrate that cardiomyocyte Gab1 is a critical regulator of the compensatory cardiac response to aging and hemodynamic stress. These findings may provide new mechanistic insights and potential therapeutic target for DCM and heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Zhao
- Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - M Yin
- Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - H Deng
- Center for Heart Lung Innovation/Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - F Q Jin
- Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - S Xu
- Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Y Lu
- Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - M A Mastrangelo
- Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - H Luo
- Center for Heart Lung Innovation/Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Z G Jin
- Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA
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88
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Fisher OS, Deng H, Liu D, Zhang Y, Wei R, Deng Y, Zhang F, Louvi A, Turk BE, Boggon TJ, Su B. Structure and vascular function of MEKK3-cerebral cavernous malformations 2 complex. Nat Commun 2015; 6:7937. [PMID: 26235885 PMCID: PMC4526114 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms8937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2015] [Accepted: 06/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Cerebral cavernous malformations 2 (CCM2) loss is associated with the familial form of CCM disease. The protein kinase MEKK3 (MAP3K3) is essential for embryonic angiogenesis in mice and interacts physically with CCM2, but how this interaction is mediated and its relevance to cerebral vasculature are unknown. Here we report that Mekk3 plays an intrinsic role in embryonic vascular development. Inducible endothelial Mekk3 knockout in neonatal mice is lethal due to multiple intracranial haemorrhages and brain blood vessels leakage. We discover direct interaction between CCM2 harmonin homology domain (HHD) and the N terminus of MEKK3, and determine a 2.35 Å cocrystal structure. We find Mekk3 deficiency impairs neurovascular integrity, which is partially dependent on Rho-ROCK signalling, and that disruption of MEKK3:CCM2 interaction leads to similar neurovascular leakage. We conclude that CCM2:MEKK3-mediated regulation of Rho signalling is required for maintenance of neurovascular integrity, unravelling a mechanism by which CCM2 loss leads to disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oriana S. Fisher
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - Hanqiang Deng
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTU-SM), Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Dou Liu
- Department of Immunobiology and the Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - Ya Zhang
- Department of Immunobiology and the Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
- Departments of Hematology and Dermotology, XiangYa Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Rong Wei
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTU-SM), Shanghai 200025, China
- Department of Immunobiology and the Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
- Departments of Hematology and Dermotology, XiangYa Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Yong Deng
- Department of Immunobiology and the Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - Fan Zhang
- Department of Immunobiology and the Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
- Departments of Hematology and Dermotology, XiangYa Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Angeliki Louvi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - Benjamin E. Turk
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - Titus J. Boggon
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - Bing Su
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTU-SM), Shanghai 200025, China
- Department of Immunobiology and the Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
- Departments of Hematology and Dermotology, XiangYa Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
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89
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Detection of Novel Mutation in Ccm3 Causes Familial Cerebral Cavernous Malformations. J Mol Neurosci 2015; 57:400-3. [PMID: 26115622 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-015-0606-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2015] [Accepted: 06/19/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Cerebral cavernous malformations are vascular lesions that usually involve brain micro-vessels. They can occur both in a sporadic form and familial one. Causes of familial forms are mutations at three loci: CCM1/KRIT1, CCM2/MGC4607, and CCM3/PDCD10. Here, we describe a novel CCM3 missense mutation (c.422T>G) detected in two Greek brothers showing multiple lesions at magnetic resonance imaging; to date, only the youngest is symptomatic. Bioinformatics tools showed this novel variant causes a loss of function in Pdcd10 protein due to its localization in the eighth helix and, particularly, affects Leu141, a highly conserved amino acid. Roles of Pdcd10 in angiogenesis regulation and its association with early development of cerebral cavernous malformations were also considered.
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90
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Wang X, Hou Y, Deng K, Zhang Y, Wang DC, Ding J. Structural Insights into the Molecular Recognition between Cerebral Cavernous Malformation 2 and Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinase Kinase 3. Structure 2015; 23:1087-96. [PMID: 25982527 DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2015.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2014] [Revised: 03/16/2015] [Accepted: 04/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Cerebral cavernous malformation 2 (CCM2) functions as an adaptor protein implicated in various biological processes. By interacting with the mitogen-activated protein kinase MEKK3, CCM2 either mediates the activation of MEKK3 signaling in response to osmotic stress or negatively regulates MEKK3 signaling, which is important for normal cardiovascular development. However, the molecular basis governing CCM2-MEKK3 interaction is largely unknown. Here we report the crystal structure of the CCM2 C-terminal part (CCM2ct) containing both the five-helix domain (CCM2cts) and the following C-terminal tail. The end of the C-terminal tail forms an isolated helix, which interacts intramolecularly with CCM2cts. By biochemical studies we identified the N-terminal amphiphilic helix of MEKK3 (MEKK3-nhelix) as the essential structural element for CCM2ct binding. We further determined the crystal structure of CCM2cts-MEKK3-nhelix complex, in which MEKK3-nhelix binds to the same site of CCM2cts for CCM2ct intramolecular interaction. These findings build a structural framework for understanding CCM2ct-MEKK3 molecular recognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Wang
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, People's Republic of China; Department of Clinical Oncology, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Hubei 442000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanjie Hou
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai Deng
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, People's Republic of China; Reproductive Medicine Center, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Hubei 442000, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Zhang
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, People's Republic of China
| | - Da-Cheng Wang
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jingjin Ding
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, People's Republic of China.
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91
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The cerebral cavernous malformation pathway controls cardiac development via regulation of endocardial MEKK3 signaling and KLF expression. Dev Cell 2015; 32:168-80. [PMID: 25625206 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2014.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2014] [Revised: 09/21/2014] [Accepted: 12/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The cerebral cavernous malformation (CCM) pathway is required in endothelial cells for normal cardiovascular development and to prevent postnatal vascular malformations, but its molecular effectors are not well defined. Here we show that loss of CCM signaling in endocardial cells results in mid-gestation heart failure associated with premature degradation of cardiac jelly. CCM deficiency dramatically alters endocardial and endothelial gene expression, including increased expression of the Klf2 and Klf4 transcription factors and the Adamts4 and Adamts5 proteases that degrade cardiac jelly. These changes in gene expression result from increased activity of MEKK3, a mitogen-activated protein kinase that binds CCM2 in endothelial cells. MEKK3 is both necessary and sufficient for expression of these genes, and partial loss of MEKK3 rescues cardiac defects in CCM-deficient embryos. These findings reveal a molecular mechanism by which CCM signaling controls endothelial gene expression during cardiovascular development that may also underlie CCM formation.
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92
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Cigoli MS, De Benedetti S, Marocchi A, Bacigaluppi S, Primignani P, Gesu G, Citterio A, Tassi L, Mecarelli O, Pulitano P, Penco S. A Novel MGC4607/CCM2 Gene Mutation Associated with Cerebral Spinal and Cutaneous Cavernous Angiomas. J Mol Neurosci 2015; 56:602-7. [PMID: 25869611 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-015-0555-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2015] [Accepted: 03/24/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Cerebral cavernous malformations (CCMs) are vascular abnormalities that may cause seizures, headaches, intracerebral hemorrhages, and focal neurological deficits; they can also be clinically silent and occur as a sporadic or an autosomal dominant condition. Three genes have been identified as causing familial CCM: KRIT1/CCM1, MGC4607/CCM2, and PDCD10/CCM3, mapping, respectively, on chromosomes 7q, 7p, and 3q. Here, we report an Italian family affected by CCM due to a MGC4607 gene mutation, on exon 4. All the affected subjects suffered from seizures, and some of them underwent surgery for removal of a cavernous angioma. Brain MRI showed multiple lesions consistent with CCMs in all patients. Spinal and cutaneous cavernous angiomas were present too. This report underlines the need for a careful interdisciplinarity among neurologists, neuroradiologists, neurosurgeons, geneticists, ophthalmologists, and dermatologists for a total evaluation of the different manifestations of familial CCM. This points out that only referral centers are organized to offer a multidisciplinary management of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Cigoli
- Department of Laboratory Medicine - Medical Genetics Unit, Niguarda Ca' Granda Hospital, Milano, Italy
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93
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Silva RA, Palladino MV, Cavalheiro RP, Machado D, Cruz BLG, Paredes-Gamero EJ, Gomes-Marcondes MCC, Zambuzzi WF, Vasques L, Nader HB, Souza ACS, Justo GZ. Activation of the low molecular weight protein tyrosine phosphatase in keratinocytes exposed to hyperosmotic stress. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0119020. [PMID: 25781955 PMCID: PMC4363792 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0119020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2014] [Accepted: 01/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Herein, we provide new contribution to the mechanisms involved in keratinocytes response to hyperosmotic shock showing, for the first time, the participation of Low Molecular Weight Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase (LMWPTP) activity in this event. We reported that sorbitol-induced osmotic stress mediates alterations in the phosphorylation of pivotal cytoskeletal proteins, particularly Src and cofilin. Furthermore, an increase in the expression of the phosphorylated form of LMWPTP, which was followed by an augment in its catalytic activity, was observed. Of particular importance, these responses occurred in an intracellular milieu characterized by elevated levels of reduced glutathione (GSH) and increased expression of the antioxidant enzymes glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase. Altogether, our results suggest that hyperosmostic stress provides a favorable cellular environment to the activation of LMWPTP, which is associated with increased expression of antioxidant enzymes, high levels of GSH and inhibition of Src kinase. Finally, the real contribution of LMWPTP in the hyperosmotic stress response of keratinocytes was demonstrated through analysis of the effects of ACP1 gene knockdown in stressed and non-stressed cells. LMWPTP knockdown attenuates the effects of sorbitol induced-stress in HaCaT cells, mainly in the status of Src kinase, Rac and STAT5 phosphorylation and activity. These results describe for the first time the participation of LMWPTP in the dynamics of cytoskeleton rearrangement during exposure of human keratinocytes to hyperosmotic shock, which may contribute to cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo A. Silva
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcelly V. Palladino
- Departamento de Bioquímica (Campus São Paulo), Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Renan P. Cavalheiro
- Departamento de Bioquímica (Campus São Paulo), Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Daisy Machado
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bread L. G. Cruz
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Edgar J. Paredes-Gamero
- Departamento de Bioquímica (Campus São Paulo), Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria C. C. Gomes-Marcondes
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Willian F. Zambuzzi
- Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, IBB, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luciana Vasques
- Departamento de Genética e Biologia Evolutiva, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Helena B. Nader
- Departamento de Bioquímica (Campus São Paulo), Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina S. Souza
- Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas, Universidade Federal do ABC, Santo André, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Giselle Z. Justo
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
- Departamento de Bioquímica (Campus São Paulo) and Departamento de Ciências Biológicas (Campus Diadema), Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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94
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Gajadhar AS, Johnson H, Slebos RJC, Shaddox K, Wiles K, Washington MK, Herline AJ, Levine DA, Liebler DC, White FM. Phosphotyrosine signaling analysis in human tumors is confounded by systemic ischemia-driven artifacts and intra-specimen heterogeneity. Cancer Res 2015; 75:1495-503. [PMID: 25670172 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-14-2309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2014] [Accepted: 01/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Tumor protein phosphorylation analysis may provide insight into intracellular signaling networks underlying tumor behavior, revealing diagnostic, prognostic or therapeutic information. Human tumors collected by The Cancer Genome Atlas program potentially offer the opportunity to characterize activated networks driving tumor progression, in parallel with the genetic and transcriptional landscape already documented for these tumors. However, a critical question is whether cellular signaling networks can be reliably analyzed in surgical specimens, where freezing delays and spatial sampling disparities may potentially obscure physiologic signaling. To quantify the extent of these effects, we analyzed the stability of phosphotyrosine (pTyr) sites in ovarian and colon tumors collected under conditions of controlled ischemia and in the context of defined intratumoral sampling. Cold-ischemia produced a rapid, unpredictable, and widespread impact on tumor pTyr networks within 5 minutes of resection, altering up to 50% of pTyr sites by more than 2-fold. Effects on adhesion and migration, inflammatory response, proliferation, and stress response pathways were recapitulated in both ovarian and colon tumors. In addition, sampling of spatially distinct colon tumor biopsies revealed pTyr differences as dramatic as those associated with ischemic times, despite uniform protein expression profiles. Moreover, intratumoral spatial heterogeneity and pTyr dynamic response to ischemia varied dramatically between tumors collected from different patients. Overall, these findings reveal unforeseen phosphorylation complexity, thereby increasing the difficulty of extracting physiologically relevant pTyr signaling networks from archived tissue specimens. In light of this data, prospective tumor pTyr analysis will require appropriate sampling and collection protocols to preserve in vivo signaling features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron S Gajadhar
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts. David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Hannah Johnson
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts. David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Robbert J C Slebos
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee. The Jim Ayers Institute for Precancer Detection and Diagnosis, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Kent Shaddox
- The Jim Ayers Institute for Precancer Detection and Diagnosis, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Kerry Wiles
- Cooperative Human Tissue Network Western Division, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Mary Kay Washington
- Department of Pathology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Alan J Herline
- Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Douglas A Levine
- Gynecology Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Daniel C Liebler
- The Jim Ayers Institute for Precancer Detection and Diagnosis, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, Tennessee. Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Forest M White
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts. David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts.
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95
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Tomida T. Visualization of the spatial and temporal dynamics of MAPK signaling using fluorescence imaging techniques. J Physiol Sci 2015; 65:37-49. [PMID: 25145828 PMCID: PMC10716987 DOI: 10.1007/s12576-014-0332-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2014] [Accepted: 08/07/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Conserved mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways are major mechanisms through which cells perceive and respond properly to their surrounding environment. Such homeostatic responses maintain the life of the organism. Since errors in MAPK signaling pathways can lead to cancers and to defects in immune responses, in the nervous system and metabolism, these pathways have been extensively studied as potential therapeutic targets. Although much has been studied about the roles of MAPKs in various cellular functions, less is known regarding regulation of MAPK in living organisms. This review will focus on the latest understanding of the dynamic regulation of MAPK signaling in intact cells that was revealed by using novel fluorescence imaging techniques and advanced systems-analytical methods. These techniques allowed quantitative analyses of signal transduction in situ with high spatio-temporal resolution and have revealed the nature of the molecular dynamics that determine cellular responses and fates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taichiro Tomida
- Division of Molecular Cell Signaling, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8639, Japan,
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96
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Fisher OS, Liu W, Zhang R, Stiegler AL, Ghedia S, Weber JL, Boggon TJ. Structural basis for the disruption of the cerebral cavernous malformations 2 (CCM2) interaction with Krev interaction trapped 1 (KRIT1) by disease-associated mutations. J Biol Chem 2014; 290:2842-53. [PMID: 25525273 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.616433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Familial cerebral cavernous malformations (CCMs) are predominantly neurovascular lesions and are associated with mutations within the KRIT1, CCM2, and PDCD10 genes. The protein products of KRIT1 and CCM2 (Krev interaction trapped 1 (KRIT1) and cerebral cavernous malformations 2 (CCM2), respectively) directly interact with each other. Disease-associated mutations in KRIT1 and CCM2 mostly result in loss of their protein products, although rare missense point mutations can also occur. From gene sequencing of patients known or suspected to have one or more CCMs, we discover a series of missense point mutations in KRIT1 and CCM2 that result in missense mutations in the CCM2 and KRIT1 proteins. To place these mutations in the context of the molecular level interactions of CCM2 and KRIT1, we map the interaction of KRIT1 and CCM2 and find that the CCM2 phosphotyrosine binding (PTB) domain displays a preference toward the third of the three KRIT1 NPX(Y/F) motifs. We determine the 2.75 Å co-crystal structure of the CCM2 PTB domain with a peptide corresponding to KRIT1(NPX(Y/F)3), revealing a Dab-like PTB fold for CCM2 and its interaction with KRIT1(NPX(Y/F)3). We find that several disease-associated missense mutations in CCM2 have the potential to interrupt the KRIT1-CCM2 interaction by destabilizing the CCM2 PTB domain and that a KRIT1 mutation also disrupts this interaction. We therefore provide new insights into the architecture of CCM2 and how the CCM complex is disrupted in CCM disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oriana S Fisher
- From the Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520
| | - Weizhi Liu
- From the Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520
| | - Rong Zhang
- From the Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520
| | - Amy L Stiegler
- From the Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520
| | - Sondhya Ghedia
- the Department of Clinical Genetics, Royal North Shore Hospital, Pacific Highway, St. Leonards, New South Wales 2065, Australia, and
| | | | - Titus J Boggon
- From the Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520,
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97
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Paul I, Ghosh MK. A CHIPotle in physiology and disease. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2014; 58:37-52. [PMID: 25448416 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2014.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2014] [Revised: 09/21/2014] [Accepted: 10/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The carboxy-terminus of Hsc70 interacting protein (CHIP) is known to function as a chaperone associated E3 ligase for several proteins and regulates a variety of physiological processes. Being a connecting link between molecular chaperones and 26S proteasomes, it is widely regarded as the central player in the cellular protein quality control system. Recent analyses have provided new insights on the biochemical and functional dynamics of CHIP. In this review article, we give a comprehensive account of our current knowledge on the biology of CHIP, which apart from shedding light on fundamental biological questions promises to provide a potential target for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indranil Paul
- Cancer Biology and Inflammatory Disorder Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research - Indian Institute of Chemical Biology (CSIR-IICB), 4, Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Mrinal K Ghosh
- Cancer Biology and Inflammatory Disorder Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research - Indian Institute of Chemical Biology (CSIR-IICB), 4, Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032, India.
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98
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Richardson BT, Dibble CF, Borikova AL, Johnson GL. Cerebral cavernous malformation is a vascular disease associated with activated RhoA signaling. Biol Chem 2014; 394:35-42. [PMID: 23096573 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2012-0243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2012] [Accepted: 08/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Cerebral cavernous malformation (CCM) involves the homozygous inactivating mutations of one of three genes, ccm1, -2, or -3 resulting in hyperpermeable blood vessels in the brain. The CCM1, -2, and -3 proteins form a complex to organize the signaling networks controlling endothelial cell physiology including actin dynamics, tube formation, and adherens junctions. The common biochemical defect with the loss of CCM1, -2, or -3 is increased RhoA activity leading to the activation of Rho-associated coiled coil-forming kinase (ROCK). Inhibition of the ROCK rescues CCM endothelial cell dysfunction, suggesting that the inhibition of RhoA-ROCK signaling may be a therapeutic strategy to prevent or arrest the progression of the CCM lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan T Richardson
- Department of Pharmacology and Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
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99
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Wang L, Dai W, Lu L. Osmotic stress-induced phosphorylation of H2AX by polo-like kinase 3 affects cell cycle progression in human corneal epithelial cells. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:29827-35. [PMID: 25202016 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.597161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased concentrations of extracellular solutes affect cell function and fate by stimulating cellular responses, such as evoking MAPK cascades, altering cell cycle progression, and causing apoptosis. Our study results here demonstrate that hyperosmotic stress induced H2AX phosphorylation (γH2AX) by an unrevealed kinase cascade involving polo-like kinase 3 (Plk3) in human corneal epithelial (HCE) cells. We found that hyperosmotic stress induced DNA-double strand breaks and increased γH2AX in HCE cells. Phosphorylation of H2AX at serine 139 was catalyzed by hyperosmotic stress-induced activation of Plk3. Plk3 directly interacted with H2AX and was colocalized with γH2AX in the nuclei of hyperosmotic stress-induced cells. Suppression of Plk3 activity by overexpression of a kinase-silencing mutant or by knocking down Plk3 mRNA effectively reduced γH2AX in hyperosmotic stress-induced cells. This was consistent with results that show γH2AX was markedly suppressed in the Plk3(-/-) knock-out mouse corneal epithelial layer in response to hyperosmotic stimulation. The effect of hyperosmotic stress-activated Plk3 and increased γH2AX in cell cycle progression showed an accumulation of G2/M phase, altered population in G1 and S phases, and increased apoptosis. Our results for the first time reveal that hyperosmotic stress-activated Plk3 elicited γH2AX. This Plk3-mediated activation of γH2AX subsequently regulates the cell cycle progression and cell fate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Wang
- From the Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Torrance, California 90502 and
| | - Wei Dai
- the Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, Tuxedo, New York 10987
| | - Luo Lu
- From the Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Torrance, California 90502 and
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100
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Abstract
Vascular anomalies are developmental defects of the vasculature and encompass a variety of disorders. The majority of these occur sporadically, yet a few are reported to be familial. The identification of genes mutated in the different malformations provides insight into their etiopathogenic mechanisms and the specific roles the associated proteins play in vascular development and maintenance. It is becoming evident that somatic mosaicism plays a major role in the formation of vascular lesions. The importance of utilizing Next-Generating Sequencing (NGS) for high-throughput and "deep" screening of both blood and lesional DNA and RNA is thus emphasized, as the somatic changes are present in low quantities. There are several examples where NGS has already accomplished discovering these changes. The identification of all the causative genes and unraveling of a holistic overview of the pathogenic mechanisms should enable generation of in vitro and in vivo models and lead to development of more effective treatments, not only targeted on symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ha-Long Nguyen
- Laboratory of Human Molecular Genetics, de Duve Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Laurence M Boon
- Center for Vascular Anomalies, Division of Plastic Surgery, Cliniques universitaires Saint-Luc, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Miikka Vikkula
- Laboratory of Human Molecular Genetics, de Duve Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Walloon Excellence in Lifesciences and Biotechnology (WELBIO), de Duve Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
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