51
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Zeitler SM, Chakma P, Golder MR. Diaryliodonium salts facilitate metal-free mechanoredox free radical polymerizations. Chem Sci 2022; 13:4131-4138. [PMID: 35440983 PMCID: PMC8985515 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc00313a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanically-induced redox processes offer a promising alternative to more conventional thermal and photochemical synthetic methods. For macromolecule synthesis, current methods utilize sensitive transition metal additives and suffer from background reactivity. Alternative methodology will offer exquisite control over these stimuli-induced mechanoredox reactions to couple force with redox-driven chemical transformations. Herein, we present the iodonium-initiated free-radical polymerization of (meth)acrylate monomers under ultrasonic irradiation and ball-milling conditions. We explore the kinetic and structural consequences of these complementary mechanical inputs to access high molecular weight polymers. This methodology will undoubtedly find broad utility across stimuli-controlled polymerization reactions and adaptive material design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah M Zeitler
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Engineering & Science Institute, University of Washington 36 Bagley Hall Seattle WA 98195 USA
| | - Progyateg Chakma
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Engineering & Science Institute, University of Washington 36 Bagley Hall Seattle WA 98195 USA
| | - Matthew R Golder
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Engineering & Science Institute, University of Washington 36 Bagley Hall Seattle WA 98195 USA
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52
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Habibi M, Foroughi S, Karamzadeh V, Packirisamy M. Direct sound printing. Nat Commun 2022; 13:1800. [PMID: 35387993 PMCID: PMC8986813 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-29395-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Photo- and thermo-activated reactions are dominant in Additive Manufacturing (AM) processes for polymerization or melting/deposition of polymers. However, ultrasound activated sonochemical reactions present a unique way to generate hotspots in cavitation bubbles with extraordinary high temperature and pressure along with high heating and cooling rates which are out of reach for the current AM technologies. Here, we demonstrate 3D printing of structures using acoustic cavitation produced directly by focused ultrasound which creates sonochemical reactions in highly localized cavitation regions. Complex geometries with zero to varying porosities and 280 μm feature size are printed by our method, Direct Sound Printing (DSP), in a heat curing thermoset, Poly(dimethylsiloxane) that cannot be printed directly so far by any method. Sonochemiluminescnce, high speed imaging and process characterization experiments of DSP and potential applications such as remote distance printing are presented. Our method establishes an alternative route in AM using ultrasound as the energy source. Photo- and thermo-activated polymerization and melting processes are dominant in Additive Manufacturing (AM) while ultrasound activated sonochemical reactions have not been explored for AM so far. Here, the authors demonstrate 3D printing of structures using acoustic cavitation produced directly by focused ultrasound which creates sonochemical reactions in highly localized cavitation regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Habibi
- Optical Bio Microsystems Laboratory, Micro-Nano-Bio Integration Center, Department of Mechanical, Industrial and Aerospace Engineering, Concordia University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Shervin Foroughi
- Optical Bio Microsystems Laboratory, Micro-Nano-Bio Integration Center, Department of Mechanical, Industrial and Aerospace Engineering, Concordia University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Vahid Karamzadeh
- Optical Bio Microsystems Laboratory, Micro-Nano-Bio Integration Center, Department of Mechanical, Industrial and Aerospace Engineering, Concordia University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Muthukumaran Packirisamy
- Optical Bio Microsystems Laboratory, Micro-Nano-Bio Integration Center, Department of Mechanical, Industrial and Aerospace Engineering, Concordia University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
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53
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Krusenbaum A, Grätz S, Tigineh GT, Borchardt L, Kim JG. The mechanochemical synthesis of polymers. Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:2873-2905. [PMID: 35302564 PMCID: PMC8978534 DOI: 10.1039/d1cs01093j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Mechanochemistry - the utilization of mechanical forces to induce chemical reactions - is a rarely considered tool for polymer synthesis. It offers numerous advantages such as reduced solvent consumption, accessibility of novel structures, and the avoidance of problems posed by low monomer solubility and fast precipitation. Consequently, the development of new high-performance materials based on mechanochemically synthesised polymers has drawn much interest, particularly from the perspective of green chemistry. This review covers the constructive mechanochemical synthesis of polymers, starting from early examples and progressing to the current state of the art while emphasising linear and porous polymers as well as post-polymerisation modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annika Krusenbaum
- Anorganische Chemie I, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, 44801 Bochum, Germany.
| | - Sven Grätz
- Anorganische Chemie I, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, 44801 Bochum, Germany.
| | - Getinet Tamiru Tigineh
- Department of Chemistry, Bahir Dar University, Peda Street 07, PO Box 79, Bahir Dar, Amhara, Ethiopia
- Department of Chemistry and Research Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Jeonbuk National University, Jeon-Ju, Jeollabuk-do, 54896, Republic of Korea.
| | - Lars Borchardt
- Anorganische Chemie I, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, 44801 Bochum, Germany.
| | - Jeung Gon Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Research Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Jeonbuk National University, Jeon-Ju, Jeollabuk-do, 54896, Republic of Korea.
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54
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Jiang J, Song S, Guo J, Zhou J, Li J. Mechanically induced transition metal free C(sp)-H arylation of quinoxalin(on)es with diaryliodonium salts and piezoelectric BaTiO3. Tetrahedron Lett 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2022.153820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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55
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Abstract
Copper ions bind to biomolecules (e.g., peptides and proteins) playing an essential role in many biological and physiological pathways in the human body. The resulting complexes may contribute to the initiation of neurodegenerative diseases, cancer, and bacterial and viral diseases, or act as therapeutics. Some compounds can chemically damage biological macromolecules and initiate the development of pathogenic states. Conversely, a number of these compounds may have antibacterial, antiviral, and even anticancer properties. One of the most significant current discussions in Cu biochemistry relates to the mechanisms of the positive and negative actions of Cu ions based on the generation of reactive oxygen species, including radicals that can interact with DNA molecules. This review aims to analyze various peptide–copper complexes and the mechanism of their action.
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56
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Athanassiadis AG, Ma Z, Moreno-Gomez N, Melde K, Choi E, Goyal R, Fischer P. Ultrasound-Responsive Systems as Components for Smart Materials. Chem Rev 2022; 122:5165-5208. [PMID: 34767350 PMCID: PMC8915171 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Smart materials can respond to stimuli and adapt their responses based on external cues from their environments. Such behavior requires a way to transport energy efficiently and then convert it for use in applications such as actuation, sensing, or signaling. Ultrasound can carry energy safely and with low losses through complex and opaque media. It can be localized to small regions of space and couple to systems over a wide range of time scales. However, the same characteristics that allow ultrasound to propagate efficiently through materials make it difficult to convert acoustic energy into other useful forms. Recent work across diverse fields has begun to address this challenge, demonstrating ultrasonic effects that provide control over physical and chemical systems with surprisingly high specificity. Here, we review recent progress in ultrasound-matter interactions, focusing on effects that can be incorporated as components in smart materials. These techniques build on fundamental phenomena such as cavitation, microstreaming, scattering, and acoustic radiation forces to enable capabilities such as actuation, sensing, payload delivery, and the initiation of chemical or biological processes. The diversity of emerging techniques holds great promise for a wide range of smart capabilities supported by ultrasound and poses interesting questions for further investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athanasios G. Athanassiadis
- Micro,
Nano, and Molecular Systems Group, Max Planck
Institute for Intelligent Systems, Heisenbergstrasse 3, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Zhichao Ma
- Micro,
Nano, and Molecular Systems Group, Max Planck
Institute for Intelligent Systems, Heisenbergstrasse 3, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Nicolas Moreno-Gomez
- Micro,
Nano, and Molecular Systems Group, Max Planck
Institute for Intelligent Systems, Heisenbergstrasse 3, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
- Institute
of Physical Chemistry, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Kai Melde
- Micro,
Nano, and Molecular Systems Group, Max Planck
Institute for Intelligent Systems, Heisenbergstrasse 3, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Eunjin Choi
- Micro,
Nano, and Molecular Systems Group, Max Planck
Institute for Intelligent Systems, Heisenbergstrasse 3, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
- Institute
of Physical Chemistry, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Rahul Goyal
- Micro,
Nano, and Molecular Systems Group, Max Planck
Institute for Intelligent Systems, Heisenbergstrasse 3, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Peer Fischer
- Micro,
Nano, and Molecular Systems Group, Max Planck
Institute for Intelligent Systems, Heisenbergstrasse 3, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
- Institute
of Physical Chemistry, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
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57
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Kang Z, Lin E, Qin N, Wu J, Bao D. Bismuth Vacancy-Mediated Quantum Dot Precipitation to Trigger Efficient Piezocatalytic Activity of Bi 2WO 6 Nanosheets. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:11375-11387. [PMID: 35191663 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c23282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Point defects in piezoelectric semiconductors play a significant role in regulating the piezocatalytic performance. However, the role of metal vacancies in piezocatalysis has been less explored than that of oxygen vacancies. Herein, Bi2WO6 (BWO) nanosheets with tunable Bi defects were synthesized using an ion exchange method. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy directly revealed the existence of Bi vacancies in the lattice of BWO nanosheets and the precipitation of Bi quasiparticles. The BWO nanosheets with the highest concentration of Bi vacancies exhibited an excellent decomposition efficiency (7.83 × 10-2 min-1) over rhodamine B under ultrasound. The phenomenon is mainly attributed to the increased charge carrier concentration as a consequence of defect energy levels. In addition, the significant enhancement of light absorption capacity caused by the surface plasmon resonance effect of quasiparticles indicates that Bi ions escape from the lattice and combine with free electrons around BWO to form Bi quantum dots, which function as electron traps to facilitate the separation of charge carriers during the piezocatalytic process. This work systematically reveals the essential affiliation of metal vacancies and surface metal clusters in piezocatalysts and verifies the significance of vacancy engineering in piezocatalytic application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihan Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Enzhu Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Ni Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Jiang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Dinghua Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
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58
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Expanding the toolbox of controlled/living branching radical polymerization through simulation-informed reaction design. Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chempr.2022.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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59
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Tripodal Heptadentate Amine Ligands with Different Nitrogen Substituents for SARA- and Photo-ATRP. Eur Polym J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2022.111143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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60
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Haridharan N, Sundar D, Kurrupasamy L, Anandan S, Liu C, Wu JJ. Oil spills adsorption and cleanup by polymeric materials: A review. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.5636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Neelamegan Haridharan
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Science Feng Chia University Taichung Taiwan
- Department of Chemistry Vel Tech Rangarajan Dr. Sagunthala R & D Institute of Science and Technology Avadi Tamilnadu India
| | - Dhivyasundar Sundar
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Science Feng Chia University Taichung Taiwan
| | - Lakshmanan Kurrupasamy
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Science Feng Chia University Taichung Taiwan
| | - Sambandam Anandan
- Department of Chemistry National Institute of Technology Trichy India
| | - Chen‐Hua Liu
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Science Feng Chia University Taichung Taiwan
| | - Jerry J. Wu
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Science Feng Chia University Taichung Taiwan
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61
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Wang C, Fan W, Li Z, Xiong J, Zhang W, Wang Z. Sonochemistry-assisted photocontrolled atom transfer radical polymerization enabled by manganese carbonyl. Polym Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2py00682k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Sonochemistry-assisted photocontrolled atom transfer radical polymerization (SAP-ATRP) is developed to circumvent the problem caused by the low penetration depth of light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Wang
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics & Xi'an Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering (IBME), Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Wenru Fan
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics & Xi'an Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering (IBME), Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Zexuan Li
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics & Xi'an Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering (IBME), Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Jiaqiang Xiong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Zhenhua Wang
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics & Xi'an Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering (IBME), Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
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62
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Padmakumar AK, Santha Kumar ARS, Allison-Logan S, Ashokkumar M, Singha NK, Qiao GG. High chain-end fidelity in sono-RAFT polymerization. Polym Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2py00982j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
This study presents the preparation of well-defined multi-block copolymers and understanding of the chain-end fidelity of polymers prepared via sono-RAFT technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amrish Kumar Padmakumar
- Polymer Science Group, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, Australia
| | - Arunjunai R. S. Santha Kumar
- School of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, Australia
- Rubber Technology Centre, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur 721302, India
| | - Stephanie Allison-Logan
- Polymer Science Group, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, Australia
| | | | - Nikhil K. Singha
- Rubber Technology Centre, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur 721302, India
| | - Greg G. Qiao
- Polymer Science Group, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, Australia
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63
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Zhou Q, Li N, Chen D, Xu Q, Li H, He J, Lu J. Efficient removal of Bisphenol A in water via piezocatalytic degradation by equivalent-vanadium-doped SrTiO3 nanofibers. Chem Eng Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2021.116707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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64
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Wang G, Jia J, He Y, Wei D, Song M, Zhang L, Li G, Li H, Yuan B. Solid-state molecular oxygen activation using ball milling and a piezoelectric material for aerobic oxidation of thiols. RSC Adv 2022; 12:18407-18411. [PMID: 35799932 PMCID: PMC9214485 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra02255a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The agitation of BaTiO3via ball milling converts mechanical energy into electrical energy, leading to the reduction of molecular oxygen via a single electron transfer pathway analogous to the photocatalytic reaction. This mechanoredox strategy for the oxidative coupling of thiols could eliminate waste and develop a recyclable methodology to accomplish organic transformations in a greener fashion, exhibiting promising potential for large-scale chemical manufacturing. The agitation of BaTiO3via ball milling converts mechanical energy into electrical energy, leading to the reduction of molecular oxygen via a single electron transfer pathway analogous to the photocatalytic reaction.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Gefei Wang
- Green Catalysis Center, College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China
| | - Jiajia Jia
- Green Catalysis Center, College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China
| | - Yu He
- Green Catalysis Center, College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China
| | - Diandian Wei
- Green Catalysis Center, College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China
| | - Mingyu Song
- Green Catalysis Center, College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Green Catalysis Center, College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China
| | - Ganzhong Li
- Green Catalysis Center, College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China
| | - Heng Li
- Green Catalysis Center, College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China
| | - Bingxin Yuan
- Green Catalysis Center, College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China
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65
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Awad M, Dhib R, Duever T. Atom transfer radical polymerization initiated by activator generated by electron transfer in emulsion media: a review of recent advances and challenges from an engineering perspective. J DISPER SCI TECHNOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/01932691.2021.2021089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Awad
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Ryerson University, Toronto, Canada
| | - Ramdhane Dhib
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Ryerson University, Toronto, Canada
| | - Thomas Duever
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Ryerson University, Toronto, Canada
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66
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Ishaqat A, Herrmann A. Polymers Strive for Accuracy: From Sequence-Defined Polymers to mRNA Vaccines against COVID-19 and Polymers in Nucleic Acid Therapeutics. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:20529-20545. [PMID: 34841867 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c08484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Unquestionably, polymers have influenced the world over the past 100 years. They are now more crucial than ever since the COVID-19 pandemic outbreak. The pandemic paved the way for certain polymers to be in the spotlight, namely sequence-defined polymers such as messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA), which was the first type of vaccine to be authorized in the U.S. and Europe to protect against the SARS-CoV-2 virus. This rise of mRNA will probably influence scientific research concerning nucleic acids in general and RNA therapeutics in specific. In this Perspective, we highlight the recent trends in sequence-controlled and sequence-defined polymers. Then we discuss mRNA vaccines as an example to illustrate the need of ultimate sequence control to achieve complex functions such as specific activation of the immune system. We briefly present how mRNA vaccines are produced, the importance of modified nucleotides, the characteristic features, and the advantages and challenges associated with this class of vaccines. Finally, we discuss the chances and opportunities for polymer chemistry to provide solutions and contribute to the future progress of RNA-based therapeutics. We highlight two particular roles of polymers in this context. One represents conjugation of polymers to nucleic acids to form biohybrids. The other is concerned with advanced polymer-based carrier systems for nucleic acids. We believe that polymers can help to address present problems of RNA-based therapeutic technologies and impact the field beyond the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aman Ishaqat
- DWI - Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials, Forckenbeckstraße 50, 52074 Aachen, Germany.,Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 2, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Andreas Herrmann
- DWI - Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials, Forckenbeckstraße 50, 52074 Aachen, Germany.,Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 2, 52074 Aachen, Germany
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67
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Wang K, Han C, Li J, Qiu J, Sunarso J, Liu S. The Mechanism of Piezocatalysis: Energy Band Theory or Screening Charge Effect? Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202110429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kai Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Soft Matter Science and Engineering College of Chemical Engineering Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing 100029 China
- WA School of Mines: Minerals, Energy and Chemical Engineering Curtin University Perth WA 6102 Australia
| | - Chen Han
- WA School of Mines: Minerals, Energy and Chemical Engineering Curtin University Perth WA 6102 Australia
| | - Jiaquan Li
- WA School of Mines: Minerals, Energy and Chemical Engineering Curtin University Perth WA 6102 Australia
| | - Jieshan Qiu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Soft Matter Science and Engineering College of Chemical Engineering Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing 100029 China
| | - Jaka Sunarso
- Research Centre for Sustainable Technologies Faculty of Engineering, Computing and Science Swinburne University of Technology Sarawak Campus Kuching Sarawak 93350 Malaysia
| | - Shaomin Liu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Soft Matter Science and Engineering College of Chemical Engineering Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing 100029 China
- WA School of Mines: Minerals, Energy and Chemical Engineering Curtin University Perth WA 6102 Australia
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68
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A comparison of RAFT and ATRP methods for controlled radical polymerization. Nat Rev Chem 2021; 5:859-869. [PMID: 37117386 DOI: 10.1038/s41570-021-00328-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Reversible addition-fragmentation chain-transfer (RAFT) polymerization and atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) are the two most common controlled radical polymerization methods. Both methods afford functional polymers with a predefined length, composition, dispersity and end group. Further, RAFT and ATRP tame radicals by reversibly converting active polymeric radicals into dormant chains. However, the mechanisms by which the ATRP and RAFT methods control chain growth are distinct, so each method presents unique opportunities and challenges, depending on the desired application. This Perspective compares RAFT and ATRP by identifying their mechanistic strengths and weaknesses, and their latest synthetic applications.
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69
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Martínez RF, Cravotto G, Cintas P. Organic Sonochemistry: A Chemist's Timely Perspective on Mechanisms and Reactivity. J Org Chem 2021; 86:13833-13856. [PMID: 34156841 PMCID: PMC8562878 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c00805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Sonochemistry, the use of sound waves, usually within the ultrasonic range (>20 kHz), to boost or alter chemical properties and reactivity constitutes a long-standing and sustainable technique that has, however, received less attention than other activation protocols despite affordable setups. Even if unnecessary to underline the impact of ultrasound-based strategies in a broad range of chemical and biological applications, there is considerable misunderstanding and pitfalls regarding the interpretation of cavitational effects and the actual role played by the acoustic field. In this Perspective, with an eye on mechanisms in particular, we discuss the potentiality of sonochemistry in synthetic organic chemistry through selected examples of past and recent developments. Such examples illustrate specific controlling effects and working rules. Looking back at the past while looking forward to advancing the field, some essentials of sonochemical activation will be distilled.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Fernando Martínez
- Department
of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, and IACYS-Green
Chemistry and Sustainable Development Unit, University of Extremadura, 06006 Badajoz, Spain
| | - Giancarlo Cravotto
- Dipartimento
di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco, Universita
degli Studi di Torino, via P. Giuria 9, Torino 10125, Italy
| | - Pedro Cintas
- Department
of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, and IACYS-Green
Chemistry and Sustainable Development Unit, University of Extremadura, 06006 Badajoz, Spain
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70
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Wang K, Han C, Li J, Qiu J, Sunarso J, Liu S. The Mechanism of Piezocatalysis: Energy Band Theory or Screening Charge Effect? Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 61:e202110429. [PMID: 34612568 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202110429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Piezocatalysis, a newly emerging catalysis technology that relies on the piezopotential and piezoelectric properties of the catalysts, is attracting unprecedented research enthusiasm for applications in energy conversion, organic synthesis, and environmental remediation. Despite the rapid development in the past three years, the mechanism of piezocatalysis is still under debate. A fundamental understanding of the working principles of this technology should enable the future design and optimization of piezocatalysts. Herein, we provide an overview of the two popular theories used to explain the observed piezocatalysis: energy band theory and screening charge effect. A comprehensive discussion and clarification of the differences, relevance, evidence, and contradiction of the two mechanisms are provided. Finally, challenges and perspectives for future mechanistic studies are highlighted. Hopefully, this Review can help readers gain a better understanding of piezocatalysis and enable its application in their own research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China.,WA School of Mines: Minerals, Energy and Chemical Engineering, Curtin University, Perth, WA, 6102, Australia
| | - Chen Han
- WA School of Mines: Minerals, Energy and Chemical Engineering, Curtin University, Perth, WA, 6102, Australia
| | - Jiaquan Li
- WA School of Mines: Minerals, Energy and Chemical Engineering, Curtin University, Perth, WA, 6102, Australia
| | - Jieshan Qiu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Jaka Sunarso
- Research Centre for Sustainable Technologies, Faculty of Engineering, Computing and Science, Swinburne University of Technology Sarawak Campus, Kuching Sarawak, 93350, Malaysia
| | - Shaomin Liu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China.,WA School of Mines: Minerals, Energy and Chemical Engineering, Curtin University, Perth, WA, 6102, Australia
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71
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Kim D, Do J, Kim K, Kim Y, Lee H, Seo B, Lee W, Jeon HB, Cho HY, Paik HJ. Branch-Controlled ATRP Via Sulfoxide Chemistry. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c00968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dongwoo Kim
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
| | - Juhyuk Do
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
| | - Kyungho Kim
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
| | - Yeonji Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 01897, Korea
| | - Hana Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 01897, Korea
| | - Bongkuk Seo
- Advanced Industrial Chemistry Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Ulsan 44412, Korea
| | - Wonjoo Lee
- Advanced Industrial Chemistry Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Ulsan 44412, Korea
| | - Heung Bae Jeon
- Department of Chemistry, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 01897, Korea
| | - Hong Y. Cho
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
| | - Hyun-jong Paik
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
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72
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Xiao H, Dong W, Zhao Q, Wang F, Guo Y. Visible/near-infrared light absorbed nano-ferroelectric for efficient photo-piezocatalytic water splitting and pollutants degradation. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 416:125808. [PMID: 33873031 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.125808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The band structure of ferroelectrics can be modulated by mechanical stress induced piezoelectric polarization charges, and thus to promote the separation of photo-excited carriers, endowing photo-piezocatalysts with good performance in hydrogen production and pollutants degradation. However, the catalytic performance of these conventional photo-piezocatalysts is restricted since they mainly harvest UV light and generally have limited piezoelectricity. Here, in this study, by using self-propagation high-temperature synthesis process, highly piezoelectric gap-state-engineered nano relaxor ferroelectric at the morphotropic phase boundary, such as (Na0.5Bi0.5)TiO3-Ba(Ti0.5Ni0.5)O3 is synthesized for the first time and shows unprecedently light harvesting from UV to near-infrared (λ < 1300 nm). We demonstrate a significantly enhanced photo-piezocatalytic performance for this photo-piezocatalyst. A high hydrogen production rate of ~ 450 μmol g-1 h-1 is obtained and the decomposition of Rhodamine B dye is nearly completed after 20 min under irradiation and ultrasonic vibration. Moreover, an unprecedently efficient NIR-driven photocatalytic degradation of RhB is also demonstrated by using photo-piezocatalysts. This kind of novel multifunctional nano photo-piezocatalysts opens up new horizons to all-day available photo-piezocatalytic technology for a more efficient use of multisource energies from environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyuan Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Wen Dong
- School of Optical and Electronic Information and Engineering Research Centre for Functional Ceramics of the Ministry of Education Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China.
| | - Qi Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Feifei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Device, Department of Physics, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
| | - Yiping Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
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73
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Sun M, Lorandi F, Yuan R, Dadashi-Silab S, Kowalewski T, Matyjaszewski K. Assemblies of Polyacrylonitrile-Derived Photoactive Polymers as Blue and Green Light Photo-Cocatalysts for Cu-Catalyzed ATRP in Water and Organic Solvents. Front Chem 2021; 9:734076. [PMID: 34476232 PMCID: PMC8407075 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.734076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Photoluminescent nanosized quasi-spherical polymeric assemblies prepared by the hydrothermal reaction of polyacrylonitrile (PAN), ht-PLPPAN, were demonstrated to have the ability to photo-induce atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) catalyzed by low, parts per million concentrations of CuII complex with tris(2-pyridylmethyl)amine (TPMA). Such photo induced ATRP reactions of acrylate and methacrylate monomers were performed in water or organic solvents, using ht-PLPPAN as the photo-cocatalyst under blue or green light irradiation. Mechanistic studies indicate that ht-PLPPAN helps to sustain the polymerization by facilitating the activation of alkyl bromide species by two modes: 1) green or blue light-driven photoreduction of the CuII catalyst to the activating CuI form, and 2) direct activation of dormant alkyl bromide species which occurs only under blue light. The photoreduction of the CuII complex by ht-PLPPAN was confirmed by linear sweep voltammetry performed under illumination. Analysis of the polymerization kinetics in aqueous media indicated even though CuI complexes comprised only 1-1.4% of all Cu species at equilibrium, they exhibited high activation rate constant and activated the alkyl bromide initiators five to six orders of magnitude faster than ht-PLPPAN.
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74
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Supej MJ, McLoughlin EA, Hsu JH, Fors BP. Reversible redox controlled acids for cationic ring-opening polymerization. Chem Sci 2021; 12:10544-10549. [PMID: 34447548 PMCID: PMC8356742 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc03011f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Advancements in externally controlled polymerization methodologies have enabled the synthesis of novel polymeric structures and architectures, and they have been pivotal to the development of new photocontrolled lithographic and 3D printing technologies. In particular, the development of externally controlled ring-opening polymerization (ROP) methodologies is of great interest, as these methods provide access to novel biocompatible and biodegradable block polymer structures. Although ROPs mediated by photoacid generators have made significant contributions to the fields of lithography and microelectronics development, these methodologies rely upon catalysts with poor stability and thus poor temporal control. Herein, we report a class of ferrocene-derived acid catalysts whose acidity can be altered through reversible oxidation and reduction of the ferrocenyl moiety to chemically and electrochemically control the ROP of cyclic esters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Supej
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University Ithaca New York 14853 USA
| | - Elizabeth A McLoughlin
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University Ithaca New York 14853 USA
| | - Jesse H Hsu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University Ithaca New York 14853 USA
| | - Brett P Fors
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University Ithaca New York 14853 USA
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75
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Luo J, Durante C, Gennaro A, Isse AA. Electrochemical study of the effect of Al3+ on the stability and performance of Cu-based ATRP catalysts in organic media. Electrochim Acta 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2021.138589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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76
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Abstract
Electrochemically mediated atom transfer radical polymerization (eATRP) of styrene was studied in detail by using CuBr2/TPMA (TPMA = tris(2-pyridylmethyl)amine) as a catalyst. Redox properties of various Cu(II) species were investigated in CH3CN, dimethylformamide (DMF), and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) both in the absence and presence of 50% (v/v) styrene. This investigation together with preliminary eATRP experiments at 80 °C indicated DMF as the best solvent. The effects of catalyst, monomer, and initiator concentrations were also examined. The livingness of the polymerization was studied by chain extension and electrochemical temporal control of polymerization.
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77
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Ayarza J, Wang Z, Wang J, Esser-Kahn AP. Mechanically Promoted Synthesis of Polymer Organogels via Disulfide Bond Cross-Linking. ACS Macro Lett 2021; 10:799-804. [PMID: 35549197 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.1c00337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Mechanically adaptive polymers could significantly improve the life-cycle of current materials. Piezo-polymerization is a novel approach that harnesses vibrational mechanical energy through piezoelectric nanoparticles to generate chemical promoters for linear polymerization and cross-linking reactions. However, the available piezo-polymerization systems rely on reactions forming irreversible covalent bonds. Dynamic covalent linkages could impart further adaptability to these polymeric systems. Here we show the first example of the piezoelectrochemical synthesis of disulfide bonds to form organogels from polymers with thiol side groups. We demonstrate that the reaction proceeds via piezo-oxidation of the thiol to disulfide in the presence of ZnO nanoparticles and iodide anions under mechanical agitation. We use mechanical energy in the form of ultrasound (40 kHz) and low frequency vibrations (2 kHz) to synthesize a variety of organogels from common synthetic polymers. Additionally, we show that the polymers in these gels can be chemically recycled with a reducing agent. Finally, we study the thermal and mechanical properties of the composites obtained after drying the gels. We believe this new system adds to the piezo-polymerization repertoire and serves as the basis to fabricate mechanically adaptive polymeric materials via dynamic covalent bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Ayarza
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Zhao Wang
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Jun Wang
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Aaron P. Esser-Kahn
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
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78
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Su R, Wang Z, Zhu L, Pan Y, Zhang D, Wen H, Luo ZD, Li L, Li FT, Wu M, He L, Sharma P, Seidel J. Strain-Engineered Nano-Ferroelectrics for High-Efficiency Piezocatalytic Overall Water Splitting. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:16019-16026. [PMID: 33871146 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202103112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Developing nano-ferroelectric materials with excellent piezoelectric performance for piezocatalysts used in water splitting is highly desired but also challenging, especially with respect to reaching large piezo-potentials that fully align with required redox levels. Herein, heteroepitaxial strain in BaTiO3 nanoparticles with a designed porous structure is successfully induced by engineering their surface reconstruction to dramatically enhance their piezoelectricity. The strain coherence can be maintained throughout the nanoparticle bulk, resulting in a significant increase of the BaTiO3 tetragonality and thus its piezoelectricity. Benefiting from high piezoelectricity, the as-synthesized blue-colored BaTiO3 nanoparticles possess a superb overall water-splitting activity, with H2 production rates of 159 μmol g-1 h-1 , which is almost 130 times higher than that of the pristine BaTiO3 nanoparticles. Thus, this work provides a generic approach for designing highly efficient piezoelectric nanomaterials by strain engineering that can be further extended to various other perovskite oxides, including SrTiO3 , thereby enhancing their potential for piezoelectric catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Su
- College of Science, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang, 050018, China
| | - Zhipeng Wang
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory for Mechanical behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Lina Zhu
- College of Science, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang, 050018, China
| | - Ying Pan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South, Wales, 2052, Australia
| | - Dawei Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South, Wales, 2052, Australia
| | - Hui Wen
- College of Electrical Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang, 050018, China
| | - Zheng-Dong Luo
- Interuniversity Microelectronics Centre, Kapeldreef 75, 3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Linglong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Quantum Physics and Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Fa-Tang Li
- College of Science, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang, 050018, China
| | - Ming Wu
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory for Mechanical behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Liqiang He
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory for Mechanical behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Pankaj Sharma
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South, Wales, 2052, Australia
| | - Jan Seidel
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South, Wales, 2052, Australia
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79
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Abstract
Recent research endeavors have established that the mechanochemical activation of piezoelectric materials can open new avenues in redox chemistry. Impact forces, such as those imparted by a ball mill, have been shown to transform piezoelectric materials such as barium titanate (BaTiO3) into a highly polarized state, which can then donate an electron to a suitable oxidant and receive an electron from a suitable reductant, mimicking established photoredox catalytic cycles. Proof‐of‐concept studies have elucidated that mechanoredox chemistry holds great potential in sustainable and efficient radical‐based synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie A Leitch
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biological Chemistry, UCL School of Pharmacy, 29-39 Brunswick Square, Bloomsbury, WC1N 1AX, London, United Kingdom
| | - Duncan L Browne
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biological Chemistry, UCL School of Pharmacy, 29-39 Brunswick Square, Bloomsbury, WC1N 1AX, London, United Kingdom
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80
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Soheilmoghaddam F, Rumble M, Cooper-White J. High-Throughput Routes to Biomaterials Discovery. Chem Rev 2021; 121:10792-10864. [PMID: 34213880 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c01026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Many existing clinical treatments are limited in their ability to completely restore decreased or lost tissue and organ function, an unenviable situation only further exacerbated by a globally aging population. As a result, the demand for new medical interventions has increased substantially over the past 20 years, with the burgeoning fields of gene therapy, tissue engineering, and regenerative medicine showing promise to offer solutions for full repair or replacement of damaged or aging tissues. Success in these fields, however, inherently relies on biomaterials that are engendered with the ability to provide the necessary biological cues mimicking native extracellular matrixes that support cell fate. Accelerating the development of such "directive" biomaterials requires a shift in current design practices toward those that enable rapid synthesis and characterization of polymeric materials and the coupling of these processes with techniques that enable similarly rapid quantification and optimization of the interactions between these new material systems and target cells and tissues. This manuscript reviews recent advances in combinatorial and high-throughput (HT) technologies applied to polymeric biomaterial synthesis, fabrication, and chemical, physical, and biological screening with targeted end-point applications in the fields of gene therapy, tissue engineering, and regenerative medicine. Limitations of, and future opportunities for, the further application of these research tools and methodologies are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farhad Soheilmoghaddam
- Tissue Engineering and Microfluidics Laboratory (TEaM), Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), University Of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia 4072.,School of Chemical Engineering, University Of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia 4072
| | - Madeleine Rumble
- Tissue Engineering and Microfluidics Laboratory (TEaM), Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), University Of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia 4072.,School of Chemical Engineering, University Of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia 4072
| | - Justin Cooper-White
- Tissue Engineering and Microfluidics Laboratory (TEaM), Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), University Of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia 4072.,School of Chemical Engineering, University Of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia 4072
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81
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Pavan P, Lorandi F, De Bon F, Gennaro A, Isse AA. Enhancement of the Rate of Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization in Organic Solvents by Addition of Water: An Electrochemical Study. ChemElectroChem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.202100430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paola Pavan
- Department of Chemical Sciences University of Padova Via Marzolo 1 35131 Padova Italy
| | - Francesca Lorandi
- Department of Chemistry Carnegie Mellon University 4400 Fifth Avenue Pittsburgh Pennsylvania 15213 USA
| | - Francesco De Bon
- Department of Chemical Sciences University of Padova Via Marzolo 1 35131 Padova Italy
- Present address: Centre for Mechanical Engineering Materials and Processes (CEMMPRE) Department of Chemical Engineering University of Coimbra Rua Silvio Lima, Polo II 3030-790 Coimbra Portugal
| | - Armando Gennaro
- Department of Chemical Sciences University of Padova Via Marzolo 1 35131 Padova Italy
| | - Abdirisak A. Isse
- Department of Chemical Sciences University of Padova Via Marzolo 1 35131 Padova Italy
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82
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Su R, Wang Z, Zhu L, Pan Y, Zhang D, Wen H, Luo Z, Li L, Li F, Wu M, He L, Sharma P, Seidel J. Strain‐Engineered Nano‐Ferroelectrics for High‐Efficiency Piezocatalytic Overall Water Splitting. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202103112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ran Su
- College of Science Hebei University of Science and Technology Shijiazhuang 050018 China
| | - Zhipeng Wang
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology State Key Laboratory for Mechanical behavior of Materials Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710049 China
| | - Lina Zhu
- College of Science Hebei University of Science and Technology Shijiazhuang 050018 China
| | - Ying Pan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering University of New South Wales Sydney, New South Wales 2052 Australia
| | - Dawei Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering University of New South Wales Sydney, New South Wales 2052 Australia
| | - Hui Wen
- College of Electrical Engineering Hebei University of Science and Technology Shijiazhuang 050018 China
| | - Zheng‐Dong Luo
- Interuniversity Microelectronics Centre Kapeldreef 75 3001 Leuven Belgium
| | - Linglong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Quantum Physics and Department of Physics Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
| | - Fa‐tang Li
- College of Science Hebei University of Science and Technology Shijiazhuang 050018 China
| | - Ming Wu
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology State Key Laboratory for Mechanical behavior of Materials Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710049 China
| | - Liqiang He
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology State Key Laboratory for Mechanical behavior of Materials Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710049 China
| | - Pankaj Sharma
- School of Materials Science and Engineering University of New South Wales Sydney, New South Wales 2052 Australia
| | - Jan Seidel
- School of Materials Science and Engineering University of New South Wales Sydney, New South Wales 2052 Australia
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83
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Zhou X, Shen B, Zhai J, Conesa JC. High Performance Generation of H 2 O 2 under Piezophototronic Effect with Multi-Layer In 2 S 3 Nanosheets Modified by Spherical ZnS and BaTiO 3 Nanopiezoelectrics. SMALL METHODS 2021; 5:e2100269. [PMID: 34927907 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202100269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Manipulating the separation and transportation of photoexcited charge carriers in photoresponsive semiconductors via the piezoelectric polarization effect is an emerging strategy in the field of artificial photosynthesis. However, existing semiconductor photocatalysts, both with a wide range absorption for visible light and superior piezoelectricity are very scarce, leading to a low reactivity of photocatalysis. Here, a multi-layer In2 S3 nanosheet modified with spherical ZnS and BaTiO3 nanopiezoelectrics (ZnS/In2 S3 /BTO) is reported, generating approximately 378 µm of H2 O2 in 100 min (and the concentration is still increasing) under co-irradiation of visible light and ultrasound (piezophotocatalysis) in ethanol-water solution; this concentration is higher compared with two phases piezoelectric heterostructures (i.e., ZnS/BTO, In2 S3 /BTO, and ZnS/In2 S3 ) and pure compounds (i.e., ZnS, In2 S3 , and BTO), and also higher than that of independent piezo- (≈254 µm) and photocatalysis (≈120 µm). Moreover, the concentration of H2 O2 generated on ZnS/In2 S3 /BTO can be as high as approximately 1160 µm in 5 h of piezophotoreaction after experiencing six cycles of visible light concurrent with ultrasound irradiation. The enhancement of H2 O2 yield on ZnS/In2 S3 /BTO in piezophotocatalysis can be attributed to the piezopotential-induced internal electric polarization field promoting the separation of photoexcited charge carriers, thus boosting the rate of surface photoreaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Zhou
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for R&D and Application of Metallic Functional Materials, Functional Materials Research Laboratory, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 201804, China
| | - Bo Shen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for R&D and Application of Metallic Functional Materials, Functional Materials Research Laboratory, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 201804, China
| | - Jiwei Zhai
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for R&D and Application of Metallic Functional Materials, Functional Materials Research Laboratory, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 201804, China
| | - José C Conesa
- Instituto de Catálisis y Petroleoquímica, CSIC, Marie Curie 2, Cantoblanco, Madrid, 28049, Spain
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84
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Wang Z, Wang J, Ayarza J, Steeves T, Hu Z, Manna S, Esser-Kahn AP. Bio-inspired mechanically adaptive materials through vibration-induced crosslinking. NATURE MATERIALS 2021; 20:869-874. [PMID: 33619367 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-021-00932-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
In nature, bone adapts to mechanical forces it experiences, strengthening itself to match the conditions placed upon it. Here we report a composite material that adapts to the mechanical environment it experiences-varying its modulus as a function of force, time and the frequency of mechanical agitation. Adaptation in the material is managed by mechanically responsive ZnO, which controls a crosslinking reaction between a thiol and an alkene within a polymer composite gel, resulting in a mechanically driven ×66 increase in modulus. As the amount of chemical energy is a function of the mechanical energy input, the material senses and adapts its modulus along the distribution of stress, resembling the bone remodelling behaviour that materials can adapt accordingly to the loading location. Such material design might find use in a wide range of applications, from adhesives to materials that interface with biological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Wang
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jun Wang
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jorge Ayarza
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Tim Steeves
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ziying Hu
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Saikat Manna
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Aaron P Esser-Kahn
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
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85
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Ardila-Fierro KJ, Hernández JG. Sustainability Assessment of Mechanochemistry by Using the Twelve Principles of Green Chemistry. CHEMSUSCHEM 2021; 14:2145-2162. [PMID: 33835716 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202100478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, mechanochemistry has been growing into a widely accepted alternative for chemical synthesis. In addition to their efficiency and practicality, mechanochemical reactions are also recognized for their sustainability. The association between mechanochemistry and Green Chemistry often originates from the solvent-free nature of most mechanochemical protocols, which can reduce waste production. However, mechanochemistry satisfies more than one of the Principles of Green Chemistry. In this Review we will present a series of examples that will clearly illustrate how mechanochemistry can significantly contribute to the fulfillment of Green Chemistry in a more holistic manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen J Ardila-Fierro
- Division of Physical Chemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička c. 54, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - José G Hernández
- Division of Physical Chemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička c. 54, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
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86
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Lattke YM, Corbin DA, Sartor SM, McCarthy BG, Miyake GM, Damrauer NH. Interrogation of O-ATRP Activation Conducted by Singlet and Triplet Excited States of Phenoxazine Photocatalysts. J Phys Chem A 2021; 125:3109-3121. [PMID: 33826326 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.1c00855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Organocatalyzed ATRP (O-ATRP) is a growing field exploiting organic chromophores as photoredox catalysts (PCs) that engage in dissociative electron-transfer (DET) activation of alkyl-halide initiators following absorption of light. Characterizing DET rate coefficients (kact) and photochemical yields across various reaction conditions and PC photophysical properties will inform catalyst design and efficient use during polymerization. The studies described herein consider a class of phenoxazine PCs, where synthetic handles of core substitution and N-aryl substitution enable tunability of the electronic and spin characters of the catalyst excited state as well as DET reaction driving force (ΔGET0). Using Stern-Volmer quenching experiments through variation of the diethyl 2-bromo-2-methylmalonate (DBMM) initiator concentration, collisional quenching is observed. Eight independent measurements of kact are reported as a function of ΔGET0 for four PCs: four triplet reactants and four singlets with kact values ranging from 1.1 × 108 M-1 s-1, where DET itself controls the rate, to 4.8 × 109 M-1 s-1, where diffusion is rate-limiting. This overall data set, as well as a second one inclusive of five literature values from related systems, is readily modeled with only a single parameter of reorganization energy under the frameworks of the adiabatic Marcus electron-transfer theory and Marcus-Savéant theory of DET. The results provide a predictive map where kact can be estimated if ΔGET0 is known and highlight that DET in these systems appears insensitive to PC reactant electronic and spin properties outside of their impact on the driving force. Next, on the basis of measured kact values in selected PC systems and knowledge of their photophysics, we also consider activation yields specific to the reactant spin states as the DBMM initiator concentration is varied. In N-naphthyl-containing PCs characterized by near-unity intersystem crossing, the T1 is certainly an important driver for efficient DET. However, at DBMM concentrations common to polymer synthesis, the S1 is also active and drives 33% of DET reaction events. Even in systems with low yields of ISC, such as in N-phenyl-containing PCs, reaction yields can be driven to useful values by exploiting the S1 under high DBMM concentration conditions. Finally, we have quantified photochemical reaction quantum yields, which take into account potential product loss processes after electron-transfer quenching events. Both S1 and T1 reactant states produce the PC•+ radical cation with a common yield of 71%, thus offering no evidence for spin selectivity in deleterious back electron transfer. The subunity PC•+ yields suggest that some combination of solvent (DMAc) oxidation and energy-wasting back electron transfer is likely at play and these pathways should be factored in subsequent mechanistic considerations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yisrael M Lattke
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Daniel A Corbin
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Steven M Sartor
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Blaine G McCarthy
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Garret M Miyake
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Niels H Damrauer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
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87
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Szczepaniak G, Fu L, Jafari H, Kapil K, Matyjaszewski K. Making ATRP More Practical: Oxygen Tolerance. Acc Chem Res 2021; 54:1779-1790. [PMID: 33751886 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.1c00032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Atom-transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) is a well-known technique for the controlled polymerization of vinyl monomers under mild conditions. However, as with any other radical polymerization, ATRP typically requires rigorous oxygen exclusion, making it time-consuming and challenging to use by nonexperts. In this Account, we discuss various approaches to achieving oxygen tolerance in ATRP, presenting the overall progress in the field.Copper-mediated ATRP, which we first discovered in the late 1990s, uses a CuI/L activator that reversibly reacts with the dormant C(sp3)-X polymer chain end, forming a X-CuII/L deactivator and a propagating radical. Oxygen interferes with activation and chain propagation by quenching the radicals and oxidizing the activator. At ATRP equilibrium, the activator is present at a much higher concentration than the propagating radicals. Thus, oxidation of the activator is the dominant inhibition pathway. In conventional ATRP, this reaction is irreversible, so oxygen must be strictly excluded to achieve good results.Over the last two decades, our group has developed several ATRP techniques based on the concept of regenerating the activator. When the oxidized activator is continuously converted back to its active reduced form, then the catalytic system itself can act as an oxygen scavenger. Regeneration can be accomplished by reducing agents and photo-, electro-, and mechanochemical stimuli. This family of methods offers a degree of oxygen tolerance, but most of them can tolerate only a limited amount of oxygen and do not allow polymerization in an open vessel.More recently, we discovered that enzymes can be used in auxiliary catalytic systems that directly deoxygenate the reaction medium and protect the polymerization process. We developed a method that uses glucose oxidase (GOx), glucose, and sodium pyruvate to very effectively scavenge oxygen and enable open-vessel ATRP. By adding a second enzyme, horseradish peroxidase (HPR), we managed to extend the role of the auxiliary enzymatic system to generating carbon-based radicals and changed ATRP from an oxygen-sensitive to an oxygen-fueled reaction.While performing control experiments for the enzymatic methods, we noticed that using sodium pyruvate under UV irradiation triggers polymerization without the presence of GOx. This serendipitous discovery allowed us to develop the first oxygen-proof, small-molecule-based, photoinduced ATRP system. It has oxygen tolerance similar to that of the enzymatic methods, exhibits superior compatibility with both aqueous media and organic solvents, and avoids problems associated with purifying polymers from enzymes. The system was able to rapidly polymerize N-isopropylacrylamide, a challenging monomer, with a high degree of control.These contributions have substantially simplified the use of ATRP, making it more practical and accessible to everyone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grzegorz Szczepaniak
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Żwirki i Wigury 101, 02-089 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Liye Fu
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Hossein Jafari
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Kriti Kapil
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Krzysztof Matyjaszewski
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
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88
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Zhao B, Mohammed M, A Jones B, Wilson P. Plug-and-play aqueous electrochemical atom transfer radical polymerization. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:3897-3900. [PMID: 33871536 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc01312b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
A simplified 'plug-and-play' approach to aqueous electrochemical atom transfer radical polymerization (eATRP) has been developed. Well-controlled polymerization of PEGA480 (Đm = 1.17-1.31) is reported under potentiostatic (3-electrodes, undivided cell) and galvanostatic (2-electrodes, 6-steps) conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boyu Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK.
| | - Mahir Mohammed
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK.
| | - Bryn A Jones
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK.
| | - Paul Wilson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK.
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89
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Chen L, Jia Y, Zhao J, Ma J, Wu Z, Yuan G, Cui X. Strong piezocatalysis in barium titanate/carbon hybrid nanocomposites for dye wastewater decomposition. J Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 586:758-765. [PMID: 33213868 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2020.10.145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
In this work, the strong piezocatalysis is found in the two-step hydrothermally-synthesized barium titanate/carbon hybrid nanocomposites and is used for rhodamine B dye decomposition. As the carbon content increases from 0 to 5 wt%, the catalytic performance of hybrid nanocomposites first increases and then slightly decreases. When the carbon content increases to 2 wt%, the barium titanate/carbon hybrid nanocomposites exhibit the optimal piezocatalytic performance, which have the ~75.5% dye decomposition ratio and the ~0.04901 min-1 reaction rate constant after the 40 min vibration stimulation, while that of the pure barium titanate are 48.4% and 0.01942 min-1, respectively. The improvement of piezocatalytic performance in barium titanate/carbon hybrid nanocomposites can be ascribed to the action of carbon's charge transfer which promotes the effective separation of the piezoelectrically-induced electric charges. After three runs recycle utilization tests, the barium titanate/carbon hybrid nanocomposites still exhibit ~70% decomposition ratio of rhodamine B dye. The strong piezocatalytic performance and the good reusability make the barium titanate/carbon hybrid nanocomposites potential in the field of wastewater treatment through utilizing natural vibration energy in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Chen
- School of Science, Xi'an University of Posts and Telecommunications, Xi'an 710121, China; College of Physics and Electronic Information Engineering, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Yanmin Jia
- School of Science, Xi'an University of Posts and Telecommunications, Xi'an 710121, China; College of Physics and Electronic Information Engineering, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China.
| | - Jinhe Zhao
- College of Physics and Electronic Information Engineering, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Jiangping Ma
- College of Physics and Electronic Information Engineering, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Zheng Wu
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Textile Chemical Engineering Auxiliaries, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an Polytechnic University, Xi'an 710000, China; Centre for Advanced Materials and Technology, The University of Sydney, Sydney NSW 2006, Australia.
| | - Guoliang Yuan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Xiangzhi Cui
- State Key Lab of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Shanghai 200050, China
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90
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Grishin DF, Grishin ID. Modern trends in controlled synthesis of functional polymers: fundamental aspects and practical applications. RUSSIAN CHEMICAL REVIEWS 2021. [DOI: 10.1070/rcr4964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Major trends in controlled radical polymerization (CRP) or reversible-deactivation radical polymerization (RDRP), the most efficient method of synthesis of well-defined homo- and copolymers with specified parameters and properties, are critically analyzed. Recent advances associated with the three classical versions of CRP: nitroxide mediated polymerization, reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer polymerization and atom transfer radical polymerization, are considered. Particular attention is paid to the prospects for the application of photoinitiation and photocatalysis in CRP. This approach, which has been intensively explored recently, brings synthetic methods of polymer chemistry closer to the light-induced processes of macromolecular synthesis occurring in living organisms. Examples are given of practical application of CRP techniques to obtain industrially valuable, high-tech polymeric products.
The bibliography includes 429 references.
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91
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Li Z, Zhuang T, Dong J, Wang L, Xia J, Wang H, Cui X, Wang Z. Sonochemical fabrication of inorganic nanoparticles for applications in catalysis. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2021; 71:105384. [PMID: 33221623 PMCID: PMC7786602 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2020.105384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Catalysis covers almost all the chemical reactions or processes aiming for many applications. Sonochemistry has emerged in designing and developing the synthesis of nano-structured materials, and the latest progress mainly focuses on the synthetic strategies, product properties as well as catalytic applications. This current review simply presents the sonochemical effects under ultrasound irradiation, roughly describes the ultrasound-synthesized inorganic nano-materials, and highlights the sonochemistry applications in the inorganics-based catalysis processes including reduction, oxidation, degradation, polymerization, etc. Or all in all, the review hopes to provide an integrated understanding of sonochemistry, emphasize the great significance of ultrasound-assisted synthesis in structured materials as a unique strategy, and broaden the updated applications of ultrasound irradiation in the catalysis fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanfeng Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong Sino-Japanese Center for Collaborative Research of Carbon Nanomaterials, Instrumental Analysis Center, Qingdao University, 266071 Qingdao, China
| | - Tingting Zhuang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong Sino-Japanese Center for Collaborative Research of Carbon Nanomaterials, Instrumental Analysis Center, Qingdao University, 266071 Qingdao, China
| | - Jun Dong
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong Sino-Japanese Center for Collaborative Research of Carbon Nanomaterials, Instrumental Analysis Center, Qingdao University, 266071 Qingdao, China
| | - Lun Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong Sino-Japanese Center for Collaborative Research of Carbon Nanomaterials, Instrumental Analysis Center, Qingdao University, 266071 Qingdao, China
| | - Jianfei Xia
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong Sino-Japanese Center for Collaborative Research of Carbon Nanomaterials, Instrumental Analysis Center, Qingdao University, 266071 Qingdao, China
| | - Huiqi Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong Sino-Japanese Center for Collaborative Research of Carbon Nanomaterials, Instrumental Analysis Center, Qingdao University, 266071 Qingdao, China
| | - Xuejun Cui
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 130012 Changchun, China
| | - Zonghua Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong Sino-Japanese Center for Collaborative Research of Carbon Nanomaterials, Instrumental Analysis Center, Qingdao University, 266071 Qingdao, China.
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92
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Hu W, Xu L. Investigation of eATRP for a Carboxylic‐Acid‐Functionalized Ionic Liquid Monomer. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.202000348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Weiling Hu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Southwest University Chongqing 400715 P. R. China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Soft‐Matter Material Chemistry and Function Manufacturing Southwest University Chongqing 400715 P. R. China
| | - Lan Xu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Southwest University Chongqing 400715 P. R. China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Soft‐Matter Material Chemistry and Function Manufacturing Southwest University Chongqing 400715 P. R. China
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93
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Liu J, Wang T, Luo Z, Zhou Y. In silico
mechanically mediated atom transfer radical polymerization: A detailed kinetic study. AIChE J 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/aic.17151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Liu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai P.R. China
| | - Tian‐Tian Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai P.R. China
| | - Zheng‐Hong Luo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai P.R. China
| | - Yin‐Ning Zhou
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai P.R. China
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94
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Yin R, Wang Z, Bockstaller MR, Matyjaszewski K. Tuning dispersity of linear polymers and polymeric brushes grown from nanoparticles by atom transfer radical polymerization. Polym Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1py01178b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Molecular weight distribution imposes considerable influence on the properties of polymers, making it an important parameter, impacting morphology and structural behavior of polymeric materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongguan Yin
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - Zongyu Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - Michael R. Bockstaller
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
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95
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Zhu Y, Gao L, Li Z, Liu B, Zhang Z, Tong H, Qu Y, Quan Y, Zou X, Guo K. Merging of cationic RAFT and radical RAFT polymerizations with ring-opening polymerizations for the synthesis of asymmetric ABCD type tetrablock copolymers in one pot. Polym Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1py00971k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A new bifunctional and switchable RAFT agent and a mechanism switching strategy were proposed to control the cationic RAFT polymerization, radical RAFT polymerization and ring-opening polymerization of vinyl and cyclic ester monomers and to produce block copolymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuejia Zhu
- State Key Laboratory Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 Puzhu Road South, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Luoyu Gao
- State Key Laboratory Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 Puzhu Road South, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Zhenjiang Li
- State Key Laboratory Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 Puzhu Road South, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Bo Liu
- State Key Laboratory Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 Puzhu Road South, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Zhihao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 Puzhu Road South, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Haoying Tong
- State Key Laboratory Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 Puzhu Road South, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Yuanyuan Qu
- State Key Laboratory Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 Puzhu Road South, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Yusheng Quan
- State Key Laboratory Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 Puzhu Road South, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Xin Zou
- State Key Laboratory Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 Puzhu Road South, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Kai Guo
- State Key Laboratory Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 Puzhu Road South, Nanjing 211816, China
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96
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Cvek M, Kollar J, Mrlik M, Masar M, Suly P, Urbanek M, Mosnacek J. Surface-initiated mechano-ATRP as a convenient tool for tuning of bidisperse magnetorheological suspensions toward extreme kinetic stability. Polym Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1py00930c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Magnetic NPs grafted via mechano-ATRP served as a powerful agent for enhancing performance and stability of magnetorheological suspensions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Cvek
- Centre of Polymer Systems, University Institute, Tomas Bata University in Zlín, Trida T. Bati 5678, 760 01 Zlín, Czech Republic
| | - Jozef Kollar
- Polymer Institute, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 845 41 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Miroslav Mrlik
- Centre of Polymer Systems, University Institute, Tomas Bata University in Zlín, Trida T. Bati 5678, 760 01 Zlín, Czech Republic
| | - Milan Masar
- Centre of Polymer Systems, University Institute, Tomas Bata University in Zlín, Trida T. Bati 5678, 760 01 Zlín, Czech Republic
| | - Pavol Suly
- Centre of Polymer Systems, University Institute, Tomas Bata University in Zlín, Trida T. Bati 5678, 760 01 Zlín, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Urbanek
- Centre of Polymer Systems, University Institute, Tomas Bata University in Zlín, Trida T. Bati 5678, 760 01 Zlín, Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslav Mosnacek
- Polymer Institute, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 845 41 Bratislava, Slovakia
- Centre for Advanced Materials Application, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 845 11 Bratislava, Slovakia
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97
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Liu Y, Zhang W, Wang H. Synthesis and application of core-shell liquid metal particles: a perspective of surface engineering. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2021; 8:56-77. [PMID: 34821290 DOI: 10.1039/d0mh01117g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Liquid metal micro/nano particles (LMPs) from gallium and its alloys have attracted tremendous attention in the last decade due to the unique combination of their metallic and fluidic properties at relatively low temperatures. Unfortunately, there is limited success so far in realizing the highly controllable fabrication and functionalization of this emerging material, posing great obstacles to further promoting its fundamental and applied studies. This review aims to explore solutions for the on-demand design and manipulation of LMPs through physicochemically engineering their surface microenvironment, including compositions, structures, and properties, which are featured by the encapsulation of LMPs inside a variety of synthetic shell architectures. These heterophase, core-shell liquid metal composites display adjustable size and structure-property relationships, rendering improved performances in several attractive scenarios including but not limited to soft electronics, nano/biomedicine, catalysis, and energy storage/conversion. Challenges and opportunities regarding this burgeoning field are also disclosed at the end of this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for NanoScience and Technology, No. 11 Zhongguancun Beiyitiao, Beijing 100190, P. R. China.
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98
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De Bon F, Abreu CMR, Serra AC, Gennaro A, Coelho JFJ, Isse AA. Catalytic Halogen Exchange in Supplementary Activator and Reducing Agent Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization for the Synthesis of Block Copolymers. Macromol Rapid Commun 2020; 42:e2000532. [PMID: 33289265 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202000532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 10/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Synthesis of block copolymers (BCPs) by catalytic halogen exchange (cHE) is reported, using supplemental activator and reducing agent Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization (SARA ATRP). The cHE mechanism is based on the use of a small amount of a copper catalyst in the presence of a suitable excess of halide ions, for the synthesis of block copolymers from macroinitiators with monomers of mismatching reactivity. cHE overcomes the problem of inefficient initiation in block copolymerizations in which the second monomer provides dormant species that are more reactive than the initiator. Model macroinitiators with low dispersity are prepared and extended to afford well-defined block copolymers of various compositions. Combined cHE/SARA ATRP is therefore a simple and potent polymerization tool for the copolymerization of a wide range of monomers allowing the production of tailored block copolymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco De Bon
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 1, Padova, 35131, Italy
- Centre for Mechanical Engineering, Materials and Processes, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Coimbra, Rua Sílvio Lima, Pólo II, Coimbra, 3030-790, Portugal
| | - Carlos M R Abreu
- Centre for Mechanical Engineering, Materials and Processes, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Coimbra, Rua Sílvio Lima, Pólo II, Coimbra, 3030-790, Portugal
| | - Arménio C Serra
- Centre for Mechanical Engineering, Materials and Processes, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Coimbra, Rua Sílvio Lima, Pólo II, Coimbra, 3030-790, Portugal
| | - Armando Gennaro
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 1, Padova, 35131, Italy
| | - Jorge F J Coelho
- Centre for Mechanical Engineering, Materials and Processes, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Coimbra, Rua Sílvio Lima, Pólo II, Coimbra, 3030-790, Portugal
| | - Abdirisak A Isse
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 1, Padova, 35131, Italy
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99
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Li R, An Z. Achieving Ultrahigh Molecular Weights with Diverse Architectures for Unconjugated Monomers through Oxygen-Tolerant Photoenzymatic RAFT Polymerization. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:22258-22264. [PMID: 32844514 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202010722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Achieving well-defined polymers with ultrahigh molecular weight (UHMW) is an enduring pursuit in the field of reversible deactivation radical polymerization. Synthetic protocols have been successfully developed to achieve UHMWs with low dispersities exclusively from conjugated monomers while no polymerization of unconjugated monomers has provided the same level of control. Herein, an oxygen-tolerant photoenzymatic RAFT (reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer) polymerization was exploited to tackle this challenge for unconjugated monomers at 10 °C, enabling facile synthesis of well-defined, linear and star polymers with near-quantitative conversions, unprecedented UHMWs and low dispersities. The exquisite level of control over composition, MW and architecture, coupled with operational ease, mild conditions and environmental friendliness, broadens the monomer scope to include unconjugated monomers, and to achieve previously inaccessible low-dispersity UHMWs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruoyu Li
- Institute of Nanochemistry and Nanobiology, College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Zesheng An
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
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100
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Reversible-deactivation radical polymerization (Controlled/living radical polymerization): From discovery to materials design and applications. Prog Polym Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2020.101311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 302] [Impact Index Per Article: 75.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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