51
|
|
52
|
Avestro AJ, Gardner DM, Vermeulen NA, Wilson EA, Schneebeli ST, Whalley AC, Belowich ME, Carmieli R, Wasielewski MR, Stoddart JF. Gated electron sharing within dynamic naphthalene diimide-based oligorotaxanes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:4442-9. [PMID: 24623608 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201309680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The controlled self-assembly of well-defined and spatially ordered π-systems has attracted considerable interest because of their potential applications in organic electronics. An important contemporary pursuit relates to the investigation of charge transport across noncovalently coupled components in a stepwise fashion. Dynamic oligorotaxanes, prepared by template-directed methods, provide a scaffold for directing the construction of monodisperse one-dimensional assemblies in which the functional units communicate electronically through-space by way of π-orbital interactions. Reported herein is a series of oligorotaxanes containing one, two, three and four naphthalene diimide (NDI) redox-active units, which have been shown by cyclic voltammetry, and by EPR and ENDOR spectroscopies, to share electrons across the NDI stacks. Thermally driven motions between the neighboring NDI units in the oligorotaxanes influence the passage of electrons through the NDI stacks in a manner reminiscent of the conformationally gated charge transfer observed in DNA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa-Jennifer Avestro
- Center for the Chemistry of Integrated Systems (CCIS) and Argonne-Northwestern Solar Energy Research (ANSER) Center, Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208 (USA) http://chemgroups.northwestern.edu/wasielewski http://stoddart.northwestern.edu
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
53
|
Avestro AJ, Gardner DM, Vermeulen NA, Wilson EA, Schneebeli ST, Whalley AC, Belowich ME, Carmieli R, Wasielewski MR, Stoddart JF. Gated Electron Sharing Within Dynamic Naphthalene Diimide-Based Oligorotaxanes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201309680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
|
54
|
Vaiyapuri R, Greenland BW, Colquhoun HM, Elliott JM, Hayes W. Evolution of supramolecular healable composites: a minireview. POLYM INT 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.4685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rajendran Vaiyapuri
- Department of Chemistry; University of Reading; Whiteknights Reading RG6 6 AD UK
| | - Barnaby W Greenland
- Reading School of Pharmacy; University of Reading; Whiteknights Reading RG6 6 AD UK
| | - Howard M Colquhoun
- Department of Chemistry; University of Reading; Whiteknights Reading RG6 6 AD UK
| | - Joanne M Elliott
- Department of Chemistry; University of Reading; Whiteknights Reading RG6 6 AD UK
| | - Wayne Hayes
- Department of Chemistry; University of Reading; Whiteknights Reading RG6 6 AD UK
| |
Collapse
|
55
|
Hart LR, Hunter JH, Nguyen NA, Harries JL, Greenland BW, Mackay ME, Colquhoun HM, Hayes W. Multivalency in healable supramolecular polymers: the effect of supramolecular cross-link density on the mechanical properties and healing of non-covalent polymer networks. Polym Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4py00292j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Mechanical properties of healable supramolecular polymer blends correlate to non-covalent “crosslink density”.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lewis R. Hart
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Reading
- Reading, UK
| | | | - Ngoc A. Nguyen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- University of Delaware
- Newark, USA
| | | | | | - Michael E. Mackay
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- University of Delaware
- Newark, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering
- University of Delaware
| | | | - Wayne Hayes
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Reading
- Reading, UK
| |
Collapse
|
56
|
Kim SK, Lim JM, Pradhan T, Jung HS, Lynch VM, Kim JS, Kim D, Sessler JL. Self-association and nitroaromatic-induced deaggregation of pyrene substituted pyridine amides. J Am Chem Soc 2013; 136:495-505. [PMID: 24328304 DOI: 10.1021/ja411672f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The self-assembly features of the bis-pyrene methyl amide functionalized pyridine and benzene "tweezers" 1 and 2 were studied in organic solution and in the solid state. These systems were found to display remarkably different self-association features and optical properties, which was rationalized by control experiments using compounds bearing pyrenemethyl esters, alkyl groups, or a single pyrene substituent (3-6). As dilute solutions in chloroform, tweezers 1 displays both pyrene monomer and excimer emission features reflecting intramolecular contacts between the pyrene subunits. At higher concentrations in chloroform, as well as in the solid state, tweezers 1 self-assembles to form a linear supramolecular polymer. In contrast, tweezers 2 does not interact in an intermolecular fashion and photoexcitation produces emission features characteristic of a pyrene monomer. DFT (density functional theory) and TDDFT (time dependent density functional theory) calculations revealed that the lowest vertical transitions are forbidden and that S1 of 1 is an emissive state. In contrast to 1 and 2, both pyrene-free control systems 5 and 6 were found to form linearly self-assembled supramolecular arrays in the solid state, albeit of differing structure. Upon exposure to trinitrobenzene (TNB), the self-assembled structures formed from 1 undergo deaggregation to form TNB complexes. This change is reflected in both an easily discernible color change and a quenching of the fluorescence emission intensity. Changes in the optical features were also seen in the case of 2. However, notable differences between these two ostensibly similar systems were seen.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sung Kuk Kim
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin , 105 East 24th Street, Stop A5300, Austin, Texas 78712-1224, United States
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
57
|
Trinh TT, Oswald L, Chan-Seng D, Lutz JF. Synthesis of Molecularly Encoded Oligomers Using a Chemoselective “AB + CD” Iterative Approach. Macromol Rapid Commun 2013; 35:141-145. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.201300774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2013] [Revised: 11/04/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Thanh Tam Trinh
- Precision Macromolecular Chemistry Group; Institut Charles Sadron; CNRS-UPR 22, 23 rue du Loess 67034 Strasbourg Cedex 2 France
| | - Laurence Oswald
- Precision Macromolecular Chemistry Group; Institut Charles Sadron; CNRS-UPR 22, 23 rue du Loess 67034 Strasbourg Cedex 2 France
| | - Delphine Chan-Seng
- Precision Macromolecular Chemistry Group; Institut Charles Sadron; CNRS-UPR 22, 23 rue du Loess 67034 Strasbourg Cedex 2 France
| | - Jean-François Lutz
- Precision Macromolecular Chemistry Group; Institut Charles Sadron; CNRS-UPR 22, 23 rue du Loess 67034 Strasbourg Cedex 2 France
| |
Collapse
|
58
|
Stojaković J, Whitis AM, MacGillivray LR. Discrete Double-to-Quadruple Aromatic Stacks: Stepwise Integration of Face-to-Face Geometries in Cocrystals Based on Indolocarbazole. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013; 52:12127-30. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201304615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2013] [Revised: 07/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
59
|
Stojaković J, Whitis AM, MacGillivray LR. Discrete Double-to-Quadruple Aromatic Stacks: Stepwise Integration of Face-to-Face Geometries in Cocrystals Based on Indolocarbazole. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201304615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
|
60
|
Shao C, Stolte M, Würthner F. Quadruple π Stack of Two Perylene Bisimide Tweezers: A Bimolecular Complex with Kinetic Stability. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201302479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
|
61
|
Shao C, Stolte M, Würthner F. Quadruple π stack of two perylene bisimide tweezers: a bimolecular complex with kinetic stability. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013; 52:7482-6. [PMID: 23757369 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201302479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Self-assembly: A tweezer-type perylene bisimide (PBI) dyad self-assembles into a defined bimolecular complex composed of a quadruple PBI π stack with remarkable kinetic stability, which is unprecedented for π-stacked dye aggregates (see picture). These persistent supramolecular species are of considerable interest for the elucidation of functional properties of dye aggregates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Changzhun Shao
- Universität Würzburg, Institut für Organische Chemie and Center for Nanosystems Chemistry, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
62
|
Greenland BW, Fiore GL, Rowan SJ, Weder C. Healable Supramolecular Polymeric Materials. HEALABLE POLYMER SYSTEMS 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/9781849737470-00092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
This chapter details the design, synthesis and evaluation techniques required to produce healable supramolecular materials. Key developments in supramolecular polymer chemistry that laid down the design concepts necessary to produce responsive materials are summarized. Subsequently, select examples from the literature concerning the synthesis and analysis of healable materials containing hydrogen bonding, π−π stacking and metal–ligand interactions are evaluated. The last section describes the most recent efforts to produce healable gels for niche applications, including electrolytes and tissue engineering scaffolds. The chapter also describes the design criteria and production of nano-composite materials that exhibit dramatically increased strength compared to previous generations of supramolecular materials, whilst still retaining the key healing characteristics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Barnaby W. Greenland
- Department of Chemistry The University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6AD UK
| | - Gina L. Fiore
- Adolphe Merkle Institute University of Fribourg, CH-1700 Fribourg Switzerland
| | - Stuart J. Rowan
- Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering Case Western Reserve University, 2100 Adelbert Road, Cleveland Ohio 44106-7202 USA
| | - Christoph Weder
- Adolphe Merkle Institute University of Fribourg, CH-1700 Fribourg Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
63
|
Mocilac P, Gallagher JF. Trezimides and Tennimides: New Imide-Based Macrocycles. J Org Chem 2013; 78:2355-61. [DOI: 10.1021/jo302448h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Pavle Mocilac
- School of Chemical
Sciences, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - John F. Gallagher
- School of Chemical
Sciences, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
64
|
Beavers CM, Prosverin AV, Cashion JD, Dunbar KR, Richards AF. An Unprecedented Fe36 Phosphonate Cage. Inorg Chem 2013; 52:1670-2. [DOI: 10.1021/ic3020145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christine M. Beavers
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, MS15R217, Berkeley, California 94720, United
States
| | - Andrey V. Prosverin
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77842, United States
| | - John D. Cashion
- School of Physics, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia 3800
| | - Kim R. Dunbar
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77842, United States
| | - Anne F. Richards
- Department of Chemistry, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Sciences, Melbourne, Australia 3086
| |
Collapse
|
65
|
Vaiyapuri R, Greenland BW, Colquhoun HM, Elliott JM, Hayes W. Molecular recognition between functionalized gold nanoparticles and healable, supramolecular polymer blends – a route to property enhancement. Polym Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3py00086a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
66
|
Zhu Z, Bruns CJ, Li H, Lei J, Ke C, Liu Z, Shafaie S, Colquhoun HM, Stoddart JF. Synthesis and solution-state dynamics of donor–acceptor oligorotaxane foldamers. Chem Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3sc00015j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
|
67
|
Hart LR, Harries JL, Greenland BW, Colquhoun HM, Hayes W. Healable supramolecular polymers. Polym Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3py00081h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
|
68
|
Mechanically Interlaced and Interlocked Donor–Acceptor Foldamers. HIERARCHICAL MACROMOLECULAR STRUCTURES: 60 YEARS AFTER THE STAUDINGER NOBEL PRIZE I 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/12_2013_245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
|
69
|
Greenland BW, Bird MB, Burattini S, Cramer R, O'Reilly RK, Patterson JP, Hayes W, Cardin CJ, Colquhoun HM. Mutual binding of polymer end-groups by complementary π–π-stacking: a molecular “Roman Handshake”. Chem Commun (Camb) 2013; 49:454-6. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cc35965k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
70
|
Khorasani S, Fernandes MA. 2-(2-Carboxyethyl)-1,3-dioxoisoindoline-5,6-dicarboxylic acid methanol monosolvate. Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online 2012; 68:o121. [PMID: 22259409 PMCID: PMC3254468 DOI: 10.1107/s1600536811052755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2011] [Accepted: 12/07/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
|
71
|
Zhu Z, Cardin CJ, Gan Y, Murray CA, White AJP, Williams DJ, Colquhoun HM. Conformational Modulation of Sequence Recognition in Synthetic Macromolecules. J Am Chem Soc 2011; 133:19442-7. [DOI: 10.1021/ja2067115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhixue Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6AD, United Kingdom
| | - Christine J. Cardin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6AD, United Kingdom
| | - Yu Gan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6AD, United Kingdom
| | - Claire A. Murray
- Department of Chemistry, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6AD, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew J. P. White
- Chemical Crystallography Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Imperial College, London, SW7 2AY, United Kingdom
| | - David J. Williams
- Chemical Crystallography Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Imperial College, London, SW7 2AY, United Kingdom
| | - Howard M. Colquhoun
- Department of Chemistry, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6AD, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
72
|
Leblond J, Petitjean A. Molecular tweezers: concepts and applications. Chemphyschem 2011; 12:1043-51. [PMID: 21442716 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201001050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2010] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Taken to the molecular level, the concept of "tweezers" opens a rich and fascinating field at the convergence of molecular recognition, biomimetic chemistry and nanomachines. Composed of a spacer bridging two interaction sites, the behaviour of molecular tweezers is strongly influenced by the flexibility of their spacer. Operating through an "induced-fit" recognition mechanism, flexible molecular tweezers select the conformation(s) most appropriate for substrate binding. Their adaptability allows them to be used in a variety of binding modes and they have found applications in chirality signalling. Rigid spacers, on the contrary, display a limited number of binding states, which lead to selective and strong substrate binding following a "lock and key" model. Exquisite selectivity may be expressed with substrates as varied as C(60) , nanotubes and natural cofactors, and applications to molecular electronics and enzyme inhibition are emerging. At the crossroad between flexible and rigid spacers, stimulus-responsive molecular tweezers controlled by ionic, redox or light triggers belong to the realm of molecular machines, and, applied to molecular tweezing, open doors to the selective binding, transport and release of their cargo. Applications to controlled drug delivery are already appearing. The past 30 years have seen the birth of molecular tweezers; the next many years to come will surely see them blooming in exciting applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeanne Leblond
- Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | | |
Collapse
|
73
|
Basu S, Coskun A, Friedman DC, Olson MA, Benítez D, Tkatchouk E, Barin G, Yang J, Fahrenbach AC, Goddard WA, Stoddart JF. Donor-Acceptor Oligorotaxanes Made to Order. Chemistry 2011; 17:2107-19. [PMID: 21274953 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201001822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2010] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Subhadeep Basu
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
74
|
|