51
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Guerreiro MR, Freitas DF, Alves PM, Coroadinha AS. Detection and Quantification of Label-Free Infectious Adenovirus Using a Switch-On Cell-Based Fluorescent Biosensor. ACS Sens 2019; 4:1654-1661. [PMID: 31117363 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.9b00489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Reliable and fast viral detection and quantification protocols are a requirement for the advance of basic research and clinical approaches with wild type or recombinant viruses. However, available cell-based assays are either time-consuming or require labeled viral particles, which may alter virus biology or pose safety issues in clinical applications. Since adenoviruses constitute a major healthcare burden but also, when engineered, widely used vectors in vaccination and gene and oncolytic therapies, herein we developed a genetically encoded switch-on fluorescent biosensor consisting of a cyclized Green fluorescent protein-cVisensor-with an adenoviral protease cleavable site as a switch. After initial sensor optimization (35% increase in performance), whole-cell biosensors were established-by stably expressing cVisensor in mammalian cells-and used for live-cell monitoring of adenovirus infection as the intracellular biosensor is specifically activated by the viral protease. A rapid flow cytometry-based bioassay using cVisensor cells was established 48 h postinfection, showing an estimated limit of detection of 105 infectious particles/mL, in-line with previously reported flow cytometry assays requiring labeled virus, and significantly faster than standard plaque-forming assays requiring up to 14 days. cVisensor was also successfully applied in the detection of HIV-1 protease activity, validating its wider potential for the detection of other viruses. Overall, this work presents a fast and easy method for detection and quantification of label-free infectious virus, allowing the establishment of new biosensing platforms for basic research in virology and biotechnological applications of recombinant virus biopharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Ricardo Guerreiro
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado 12, 2781-901 Oeiras, Portugal
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Avenida da República, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Daniela Filipa Freitas
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado 12, 2781-901 Oeiras, Portugal
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Avenida da República, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Paula Marques Alves
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado 12, 2781-901 Oeiras, Portugal
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Avenida da República, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Ana Sofia Coroadinha
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado 12, 2781-901 Oeiras, Portugal
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Avenida da República, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
- The Discoveries Centre for Regenerative and Precision Medicine, NOVA University Lisbon, Oeiras Campus, Avenida da República, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
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52
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Ambrosini A, Rayer M, Monier B, Suzanne M. Mechanical Function of the Nucleus in Force Generation during Epithelial Morphogenesis. Dev Cell 2019; 50:197-211.e5. [PMID: 31204174 PMCID: PMC6658619 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2019.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Revised: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Mechanical forces are critical regulators of cell shape changes and developmental morphogenetic processes. Forces generated along the epithelium apico-basal cell axis have recently emerged as essential for tissue remodeling in three dimensions. Yet the cellular machinery underlying those orthogonal forces remains poorly described. We found that during Drosophila leg folding cells eventually committed to die produce apico-basal forces through the formation of a dynamic actomyosin contractile tether connecting the apical surface to a basally relocalized nucleus. We show that the nucleus is anchored to basal adhesions by a basal F-actin network and constitutes an essential component of the force-producing machinery. Finally, we demonstrate force transmission to the apical surface and the basal nucleus by laser ablation. Thus, this work reveals that the nucleus, in addition to its role in genome protection, actively participates in mechanical force production and connects the contractile actomyosin cytoskeleton to basal adhesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnaud Ambrosini
- LBCMCP, Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 118 route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Mégane Rayer
- LBCMCP, Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 118 route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Bruno Monier
- LBCMCP, Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 118 route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse, France.
| | - Magali Suzanne
- LBCMCP, Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 118 route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse, France.
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53
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Abstract
Creative engineering of fluorescent proteins has yielded a variety of tools for visualization of biochemical events in vivo. In this issue of Cell Chemical Biology, To et al. (2016) describe a fluorogenic green fluorescent protein that is activated by caspase-3 activity and enables imaging of apoptosis in developing zebrafish embryos (To et al., 2016).
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew D Wiens
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Xiaocen Lu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Robert E Campbell
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G2, Canada.
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54
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Fernández-Fernández ÁD, Van der Hoorn RAL, Gevaert K, Van Breusegem F, Stael S. Caught green-handed: methods for in vivo detection and visualization of protease activity. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2019; 70:2125-2141. [PMID: 30805604 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erz076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2018] [Revised: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Proteases are enzymes that cleave peptide bonds of other proteins. Their omnipresence and diverse activities make them important players in protein homeostasis and turnover of the total cell proteome as well as in signal transduction in plant stress responses and development. To understand protease function, it is of paramount importance to assess when and where a specific protease is active. Here, we review the existing methods to detect in vivo protease activity by means of imaging chemical activity-based probes and genetically encoded sensors. We focus on the diverse fluorescent and luminescent sensors at the researcher's disposal and evaluate the potential of imaging techniques to deliver in vivo spatiotemporal detail of protease activity. We predict that in the coming years, revised techniques will help to elucidate plant protease activity and functions and hence expand the current status of the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Álvaro Daniel Fernández-Fernández
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Kris Gevaert
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Medical Biotechnology, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Frank Van Breusegem
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Simon Stael
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Medical Biotechnology, Ghent, Belgium
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55
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Zhang Q, Schepis A, Huang H, Yang J, Ma W, Torra J, Zhang SQ, Yang L, Wu H, Nonell S, Dong Z, Kornberg TB, Coughlin SR, Shu X. Designing a Green Fluorogenic Protease Reporter by Flipping a Beta Strand of GFP for Imaging Apoptosis in Animals. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:4526-4530. [PMID: 30821975 PMCID: PMC6486793 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b13042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
A family of proteases called caspases mediate apoptosis signaling in animals. We report a GFP-based fluorogenic protease reporter, dubbed "FlipGFP", by flipping a beta strand of the GFP. Upon protease activation and cleavage, the beta strand is restored, leading to reconstitution of the GFP and fluorescence. FlipGFP-based TEV protease reporter achieves 100-fold fluorescence change. A FlipGFP-based executioner caspase reporter visualized apoptosis in live zebrafish embryos with spatiotemporal resolution. FlipGFP also visualized apoptotic cells in the midgut of Drosophila. Thus, the FlipGFP-based caspase reporter will be useful for monitoring apoptosis during animal development and for designing reporters of proteases beyond caspases. The design strategy can be further applied to a red fluorescent protein for engineering a red fluorogenic protease reporter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California–San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California–San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - Antonino Schepis
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California–San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - Hai Huang
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California–San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - Junjiao Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California–San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California–San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - Wen Ma
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Joaquim Torra
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California–San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California–San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
- institut Quimic de Sarria, Universitat Ramon Llull, Via Augusta 390, 08017 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Shao-Qing Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School and MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, United States
| | - Lina Yang
- Bio-Medical Center, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Haifan Wu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California–San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California–San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - Santi Nonell
- institut Quimic de Sarria, Universitat Ramon Llull, Via Augusta 390, 08017 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Zhiqiang Dong
- Bio-Medical Center, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Thomas B. Kornberg
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California–San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - Shaun R. Coughlin
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California–San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - Xiaokun Shu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California–San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California–San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
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56
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Zlobovskaya OA, Shirmanova MV, Kovaleva TF, Sarkisyan KS, Zagaynova EV, Lukyanov KA. Sensors for Caspase Activities. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF BIOORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2019. [DOI: 10.1134/s1068162018060109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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57
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Fujisawa Y, Kosakamoto H, Chihara T, Miura M. Non-apoptotic function of Drosophila caspase activation in epithelial thorax closure and wound healing. Development 2019; 146:146/4/dev169037. [DOI: 10.1242/dev.169037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Non-apoptotic caspase activation involves multiple cellular events. However, the link between visible non-apoptotic caspase activation and its function in living organisms has not yet been revealed. Here, we visualized sub-lethal activation of apoptotic signaling with the combination of a sensitive indicator for caspase 3 activation and in vivo live-imaging analysis of Drosophila. During thorax closure in pupal development, caspase 3 activation was specifically observed at the leading edge cells, with no signs of apoptosis. Inhibition of caspase activation led to an increase in thorax closing speed, which suggests a role of non-apoptotic caspase activity in cell motility. Importantly, sub-lethal activation of caspase 3 was also observed during wound closure at the fusion sites at which thorax closure had previously taken place. Further genetic analysis revealed that the activation of the initiator caspase Dronc is coupled with the generation of reactive oxygen species. The activation of Dronc also regulates myosin levels and delays wound healing. Our findings suggest a possible function for non-apoptotic caspase activation in the fine-tuning of cell migratory behavior during epithelial closure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuya Fujisawa
- Department of Genetics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Hina Kosakamoto
- Department of Genetics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Takahiro Chihara
- Department of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
| | - Masayuki Miura
- Department of Genetics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
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58
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Jin XH, Jia YS, Shi YH, Li QY, Bao SQ, Lu WP, Tong ZS. ACT001 can prevent and reverse tamoxifen resistance in human breast cancer cell lines by inhibiting NF-κB activation. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:1386-1397. [PMID: 30450651 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.27146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Endocrine therapy is one of the main treatments for estrogen receptor-positive breast cancers. Tamoxifen is the most commonly used drug for endocrine therapy. However, primary or acquired tamoxifen resistance occurs in a large proportion of breast cancer patients, leading to therapeutic failure. We found that the combination of tamoxifen and ACT001, a nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling pathway inhibitor, effectively inhibited the proliferation of both tamoxifen-sensitive and tamoxifen-resistant cells. The tamoxifen-resistant cell line MCF7R/LCC9 showed active NF-κB signaling and high apoptosis-related gene transcription, especially for antiapoptotic genes, which could be diminished by treatment with ACT001. These results demonstrate that ACT001 can prevent and reverse tamoxifen resistance by inhibiting NF-κB activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Han Jin
- Department of Breast Oncology, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Yong-Sheng Jia
- Department of Breast Oncology, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Ye-Hui Shi
- Department of Breast Oncology, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Qiu-Ying Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | | | - Wen-Ping Lu
- Oncology Department, Guang'anmen Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhong-Sheng Tong
- Department of Breast Oncology, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
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59
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Coordinative metabolism of glutamine carbon and nitrogen in proliferating cancer cells under hypoxia. Nat Commun 2019; 10:201. [PMID: 30643150 PMCID: PMC6331631 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-08033-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Under hypoxia, most of glucose is converted to secretory lactate, which leads to the overuse of glutamine-carbon. However, under such a condition how glutamine nitrogen is disposed to avoid over-accumulating ammonia remains to be determined. Here we identify a metabolic flux of glutamine to secretory dihydroorotate, which is indispensable to glutamine-carbon metabolism under hypoxia. We found that glutamine nitrogen is necessary to nucleotide biosynthesis, but enriched in dihyroorotate and orotate rather than processing to its downstream uridine monophosphate under hypoxia. Dihyroorotate, not orotate, is then secreted out of cells. Furthermore, we found that the specific metabolic pathway occurs in vivo and is required for tumor growth. The identified metabolic pathway renders glutamine mainly to acetyl coenzyme A for lipogenesis, with the rest carbon and nitrogen being safely removed. Therefore, our results reveal how glutamine carbon and nitrogen are coordinatively metabolized under hypoxia, and provide a comprehensive understanding on glutamine metabolism. Glutamine metabolism is increased in proliferating cells under hypoxia potentially generating exceeding nitrogen. Here the authors show that under hypoxia a specific metabolic pathway is activated to push glutamine carbons and excess nitrogen via the reductive pathway to dihyroorotate which is then secreted by the cells and that such pathway is necessary for tumor growth.
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60
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Khalilzadeh B, Shadjou N, Kanberoglu GS, Afsharan H, de la Guardia M, Charoudeh HN, Ostadrahimi A, Rashidi MR. Advances in nanomaterial based optical biosensing and bioimaging of apoptosis via caspase-3 activity: a review. Mikrochim Acta 2018; 185:434. [PMID: 30159750 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-018-2980-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Caspase-3 plays a vital role in intrinsic and extrinsic pathways of programed cell death and in cell proliferation. Its detection is an important tool for early detection of some cancers and apoptosis-related diseases, and for monitoring the efficacy of pharmaceuticals and of chemo- and radiotherapy of cancers. This review (with 72 references) summarizes nanomaterial based methods for signal amplification in optical methods for the determination of caspase-3 activity. Following an introduction into the field, a first large section covers optical assays, with subsections on luminescent and chemiluminescence, fluorometric (including FRET based), and colorimetric assays. Further section summarize methods for bioimaging of caspase-3. A concluding section covers current challenges and future perspectives. Graphical Abstract ᅟ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balal Khalilzadeh
- Stem Cell Research Center (SCRC), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, 51664-14766, Iran.
| | - Nasrin Shadjou
- Department of Nanochemistry and Nanotechnology Center, Urmia University, Urmia, 57154, Iran.
| | | | - Hadi Afsharan
- Faculty of Physics, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, 16846-13114, Iran
| | - Miguel de la Guardia
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Valencia, Dr. Moliner 50, 46100, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Alireza Ostadrahimi
- Nutrition Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, 51666-14711, Iran
| | - Mohammad-Reza Rashidi
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology (RCPN), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, 51664-14766, Iran
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61
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Jeon H, Lee E, Kim D, Lee M, Ryu J, Kang C, Kim S, Kwon Y. Cell-Based Biosensors Based on Intein-Mediated Protein Engineering for Detection of Biologically Active Signaling Molecules. Anal Chem 2018; 90:9779-9786. [PMID: 30028129 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b01481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Live-cell-based biosensors have emerged as a useful tool for biotechnology and chemical biology. Genetically encoded sensor cells often use bimolecular fluorescence complementation or fluorescence resonance energy transfer to build a reporter unit that suffers from nonspecific signal activation at high concentrations. Here, we designed genetically encoded sensor cells that can report the presence of biologically active molecules via fluorescence-translocation based on split intein-mediated conditional protein trans-splicing (PTS) and conditional protein trans-cleavage (PTC) reactions. In this work, the target molecules or the external stimuli activated intein-mediated reactions, which resulted in activation of the fluorophore-conjugated signal peptide. This approach fully valued the bond-making and bond-breaking features of intein-mediated reactions in sensor construction and thus eliminated the interference of false-positive signals resulting from the mere binding of fragmented reporters. We could also avoid the necessity of designing split reporters to refold into active structures upon reconstitution. These live-cell-based sensors were able to detect biologically active signaling molecules, such as Ca2+ and cortisol, as well as relevant biological stimuli, such as histamine-induced Ca2+ stimuli and the glucocorticoid receptor agonist, dexamethasone. These live-cell-based sensing systems hold large potential for applications such as drug screening and toxicology studies, which require functional information about targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunjin Jeon
- Department of Biomedical Engineering (BK21 plus) , Dongguk University , Seoul 04620 , Korea
| | - Euiyeon Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering (BK21 plus) , Dongguk University , Seoul 04620 , Korea
| | - Dahee Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering (BK21 plus) , Dongguk University , Seoul 04620 , Korea
| | - Minhyung Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering (BK21 plus) , Dongguk University , Seoul 04620 , Korea
| | - Jeahee Ryu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering (BK21 plus) , Dongguk University , Seoul 04620 , Korea
| | - Chungwon Kang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering (BK21 plus) , Dongguk University , Seoul 04620 , Korea
| | - Soyoun Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering (BK21 plus) , Dongguk University , Seoul 04620 , Korea
| | - Youngeun Kwon
- Department of Biomedical Engineering (BK21 plus) , Dongguk University , Seoul 04620 , Korea
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62
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Lossi L, Merighi A. The Use of ex Vivo Rodent Platforms in Neuroscience Translational Research With Attention to the 3Rs Philosophy. Front Vet Sci 2018; 5:164. [PMID: 30073174 PMCID: PMC6060265 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2018.00164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The principles of the 3Rs—Replacement, Reduction, and Refinement—are at the basis of most advanced national and supranational (EU) regulations on animal experimentation and welfare. In the perspective to reduce and refine the use of these animals in translational research, we here discuss the use of rodent acute and organotypically cultured central nervous system slices. We describe novel applications of these ex vivo platforms in medium-throughput screening of neuroactive molecules of potential pharmacological interest, with particular attention to more recent developments that permit to fully exploit the potential of direct genetic engineering of organotypic cultures using transfection techniques. We then describe the perspectives for expanding the use ex vivo platforms in neuroscience studies under the 3Rs philosophy using the following approaches: (1) Use of co-cultures of two brain regions physiologically connected to each other (source-target) to analyze axon regeneration and reconstruction of circuitries; (2) Microinjection or co-cultures of primary cells and/or cell lines releasing one or more neuroactive molecules to screen their physiological and/or pharmacological effects onto neuronal survival and slice circuitry. Microinjected or co-cultured cells are ideally made fluorescent after transfection with a plasmid construct encoding green or red fluorescent protein under the control of a general promoter such as hCMV; (3) Use of “sniffer” cells sensing the release of biologically active molecules from organotypic cultures by means of fluorescent probes. These cells can be prepared with activatable green fluorescent protein, a unique chromophore that remains in a “dark” state because its maturation is inhibited, and can be made fluorescent (de-quenched) if specific cellular enzymes, such as proteases or kinases, are activated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Lossi
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Adalberto Merighi
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
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63
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Cui Y, Wang Y, Liu M, Qiu L, Xing P, Wang X, Ying G, Li B. Determination of glucose deficiency-induced cell death by mitochondrial ATP generation-driven proton homeostasis. J Mol Cell Biol 2018; 9:395-408. [PMID: 28369514 DOI: 10.1093/jmcb/mjx011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Glucose is one of major nutrients and its catabolism provides energy and/or building bricks for cell proliferation. Glucose deficiency results in cell death. However, the underlying mechanism still remains elusive. By using our recently developed method to monitor real-time cellular apoptosis and necrosis, we show that glucose deprivation can directly elicit necrosis, which is promoted by mitochondrial impairment, depending on mitochondrial adenosine triphosphate (ATP) generation instead of ATP depletion. We demonstrate that glucose metabolism is the major source to produce protons. Glucose deficiency leads to lack of proton provision while mitochondrial electron transfer chain continues consuming protons to generate energy, which provokes a compensatory lysosomal proton efflux and resultant increased lysosomal pH. This lysosomal alkalinization can trigger apoptosis or necrosis depending on the extent of alkalinization. Taken together, our results build up a metabolic connection between glycolysis, mitochondrion, and lysosome, and reveal an essential role of glucose metabolism in maintaining proton homeostasis to support cell survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfen Cui
- Laboratory of Cancer Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- Laboratory of Cancer Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Miao Liu
- Laboratory of Cancer Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Li Qiu
- Laboratory of Cancer Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Pan Xing
- Laboratory of Cancer Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Xin Wang
- The First Department of Breast Tumor, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Guoguang Ying
- Laboratory of Cancer Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Binghui Li
- Laboratory of Cancer Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
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64
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Cui Y, Xing P, Wang Y, Liu M, Qiu L, Ying G, Li B. NADPH accumulation is responsible for apoptosis in breast cancer cells induced by fatty acid synthase inhibition. Oncotarget 2018; 8:32576-32585. [PMID: 28427229 PMCID: PMC5464810 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.15936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Fatty acid synthase (FAS), as a key enzyme involved in de novo lipogenesis, is highly expressed in many cancers. FAS inhibition induces cell death in vivo and in vitro, rendering FAS as an attractive target for cancer therapy, but the defined mechanism is still not well understood. Herein, we confirmed that FAS was highly expressed in breast cancers and FAS inhibition by its inhibitors or knockdown induced apoptosis in breast cancer cells. Our results showed that a significantly high level of reactive oxygen species was induced but not responsible for apoptosis in breast cancer cells by FAS inhibition. Instead, NADPH accumulation resulting from FAS inhibition was found to stimulate NADPH oxidase to generate reactive oxygen species and highly associated with apoptosis induction. Suppression of NADPH oxidase almost totally blocked reactive oxygen species generation while significantly potentiated the in vitro and in vivo killing of breast cancers by FAS inhibition. Taken together, these data suggest that FAS plays a critical role in maintaining cellular redox homeostasis and its inhibition leads to NADPH accumulation-mediated apoptosis. Our finding may provide new insights into cancer metabolism and aid in designing effective anticancer treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfen Cui
- Laboratory of Cancer Cell Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Pan Xing
- Laboratory of Cancer Cell Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- Laboratory of Cancer Cell Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Miao Liu
- Laboratory of Cancer Cell Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Li Qiu
- Laboratory of Cancer Cell Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Guoguang Ying
- Laboratory of Cancer Cell Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Binghui Li
- Laboratory of Cancer Cell Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin 300060, China
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65
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Tang HM, Fung MC, Tang HL. Detecting Anastasis In Vivo by CaspaseTracker Biosensor. J Vis Exp 2018. [PMID: 29443051 DOI: 10.3791/54107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Anastasis (Greek for "rising to life") is a recently discovered cell recovery phenomenon whereby dying cells can reverse late-stage cell death processes that are generally assumed to be intrinsically irreversible. Promoting anastasis could in principle rescue or preserve injured cells that are difficult to replace such as cardiomyocytes or neurons, thereby facilitating tissue recovery. Conversely, suppressing anastasis in cancer cells, undergoing apoptosis after anti-cancer therapies, may ensure cancer cell death and reduce the chances of recurrence. However, these studies have been hampered by the lack of tools for tracking the fate of cells that undergo anastasis in live animals. The challenge is to identify the cells that have reversed the cell death process despite their morphologically normal appearance after recovery. To overcome this difficulty, we have developed Drosophila and mammalian CaspaseTracker biosensor systems that can identify and permanently track the anastatic cells in vitro or in vivo. Here, we present in vivo protocols for the generation and use of the CaspaseTracker dual biosensor system to detect and track anastasis in Drosophila melanogaster after transient exposure to cell death stimuli. While conventional biosensors and protocols can label cells actively undergoing apoptotic cell death, the CaspaseTracker biosensor can permanently label cells that have recovered after caspase activation - a hallmark of late-stage apoptosis, and simultaneously identify active apoptotic processes. This biosensor can also track the recovery of the cells that attempted other forms of cell death that directly or indirectly involved caspase activity. Therefore, this protocol enables us to continuously track the fate of these cells and their progeny, facilitating future studies of the biological functions, molecular mechanisms, physiological and pathological consequences, and therapeutic implications of anastasis. We also discuss the appropriate controls to distinguish cells that undergo anastasis from those that display non-apoptotic caspase activity in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ho Man Tang
- Institute for Basic Biomedical Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; School of Life Sciences, Chinese University of Hong Kong;
| | - Ming Chiu Fung
- School of Life Sciences, Chinese University of Hong Kong;
| | - Ho Lam Tang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine;
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66
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Wang HH, Wu ZQ, Qian D, Zaorsky NG, Qiu MH, Cheng JJ, Jiang C, Wang J, Zeng XL, Liu CL, Tian LJ, Ying GG, Meng MB, Hao XS, Yuan ZY. Ablative Hypofractionated Radiation Therapy Enhances Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Cell Killing via Preferential Stimulation of Necroptosis In Vitro and In Vivo. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2018; 101:49-62. [PMID: 29619976 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2018.01.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2017] [Revised: 01/04/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate how necroptosis (ie, programmed necrosis) is involved in killing of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) after ablative hypofractionated radiation therapy (HFRT). METHODS AND MATERIALS Deoxyribonucleic acid damage, DNA repair, and the death form of NSCLC cells were assessed after radiation therapy. The overexpression and silencing of receptor-interacting protein kinases 3 (RIP3, a key protein involved activation of necroptosis)-stable NSCLC cell lines were successfully constructed. The form of cell death, the number and area of colonies, and the regulatory proteins of necroptosis were characterized after radiation therapy in vitro. Finally, NSCLC xenografts and patient specimens were used to examine involvement of necroptosis after ablative HFRT in vivo. RESULTS Radiation therapy induced expected DNA damage and repair of NSCLC cell lines, but ablative HFRT at ≥10 Gy per fraction preferentially stimulated necroptosis in NSCLC cells and xenografts with high RIP3 expression, as characterized by induction and activation of RIP3 and mixed-lineage kinase domain-like protein and release of immune-activating chemokine high-mobility group box 1. In contrast, RNA interference of RIP3 attenuated ablative HFRT-induced necroptosis and activation of its regulatory proteins. Among central early-stage NSCLC patients receiving stereotactic body radiation therapy, high expression of RIP3 was associated with improved local control and progression-free survival (all P < .05). CONCLUSIONS Ablative HFRT at ≥10 Gy per fraction enhances killing of NSCLC with high RIP3 expression via preferential stimulation of necroptosis. RIP3 may serve as a useful biomarker to predict favorable response to stereotactic body radiation therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan-Huan Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, CyberKnife Center, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhi-Qiang Wu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, CyberKnife Center, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Dong Qian
- Department of Radiation Oncology, CyberKnife Center, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Nicholas G Zaorsky
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Ming-Han Qiu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, CyberKnife Center, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Jing-Jing Cheng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, CyberKnife Center, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Chao Jiang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, CyberKnife Center, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Juan Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, CyberKnife Center, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Xian-Liang Zeng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, CyberKnife Center, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Chun-Lei Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, CyberKnife Center, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Li-Jun Tian
- Department of Radiation Oncology, CyberKnife Center, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Guo-Guang Ying
- Department of Cancer Cell Biology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Mao-Bin Meng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, CyberKnife Center, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China.
| | - Xi-Shan Hao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Cancer Biology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhi-Yong Yuan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, CyberKnife Center, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China.
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67
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Rational Design of a GFP-Based Fluorogenic Caspase Reporter for Imaging Apoptosis In Vivo. Cell Chem Biol 2017; 23:875-882. [PMID: 27447051 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2016.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2016] [Revised: 05/31/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Fluorescence resonance energy transfer-based executioner caspase reporters using GFP are important tools for imaging apoptosis. While these reporters are useful for imaging apoptosis in cultured cells, their in vivo application has been handicapped by poor signal to noise. Here, we report the design and characterization of a GFP-based fluorogenic protease reporter, dubbed ZipGFP. ZipGFP-based TEV protease reporter increased fluorescence 10-fold after activation by protease. A ZipGFP-based executioner caspase reporter visualized apoptosis in live zebrafish embryos with spatiotemporal resolution. Thus, the ZipGFP-based caspase reporter may be useful for monitoring apoptosis during animal development and for designing reporters of proteases beyond the executioner caspases.
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68
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Schott S, Ambrosini A, Barbaste A, Benassayag C, Gracia M, Proag A, Rayer M, Monier B, Suzanne M. A fluorescent toolkit for spatiotemporal tracking of apoptotic cells in living Drosophila tissues. Development 2017; 144:3840-3846. [PMID: 28870988 DOI: 10.1242/dev.149807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Far from being passive, apoptotic cells influence their environment. For example, they promote tissue folding, myoblast fusion and modulate tumor growth. Understanding the role of apoptotic cells necessitates their efficient tracking within living tissues, a task that is currently challenging. In order to easily spot apoptotic cells in developing Drosophila tissues, we generated a series of fly lines expressing different fluorescent sensors of caspase activity. We show that three of these reporters (GFP-, Cerulean- and Venus-derived molecules) are detected specifically in apoptotic cells and throughout the whole process of programmed cell death. These reporters allow the specific visualization of apoptotic cells directly within living tissues, without any post-acquisition processing. They overcome the limitations of other apoptosis detection methods developed so far and, notably, they can be combined with any kind of fluorophore.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Schott
- LBCMCP, Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), Université de Toulouse, CNRS/UPS, 118 route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Arnaud Ambrosini
- LBCMCP, Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), Université de Toulouse, CNRS/UPS, 118 route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Audrey Barbaste
- LBCMCP, Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), Université de Toulouse, CNRS/UPS, 118 route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Corinne Benassayag
- LBCMCP, Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), Université de Toulouse, CNRS/UPS, 118 route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Mélanie Gracia
- LBCMCP, Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), Université de Toulouse, CNRS/UPS, 118 route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Amsha Proag
- LBCMCP, Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), Université de Toulouse, CNRS/UPS, 118 route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Mégane Rayer
- LBCMCP, Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), Université de Toulouse, CNRS/UPS, 118 route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Bruno Monier
- LBCMCP, Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), Université de Toulouse, CNRS/UPS, 118 route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Magali Suzanne
- LBCMCP, Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), Université de Toulouse, CNRS/UPS, 118 route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse, France
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69
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Sun G, Guzman E, Balasanyan V, Conner CM, Wong K, Zhou HR, Kosik KS, Montell DJ. A molecular signature for anastasis, recovery from the brink of apoptotic cell death. J Cell Biol 2017; 216:3355-3368. [PMID: 28768686 PMCID: PMC5626555 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201706134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Revised: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Cells can survive executioner caspase activation following transient apoptotic stimuli, a process called anastasis. Using whole-transcriptome RNA sequencing, Sun et al. show that anastasis is an active, two-stage program and characterize the cell behaviors and molecular signature involved in the process. During apoptosis, executioner caspase activity has been considered a point of no return. However, recent studies show that cells can survive caspase activation following transient apoptotic stimuli, a process called anastasis. To identify a molecular signature, we performed whole-transcriptome RNA sequencing of untreated, apoptotic, and recovering HeLa cells. We found that anastasis is an active, two-stage program. During the early stage, cells transition from growth-arrested to growing. In the late stage, HeLa cells change from proliferating to migratory. Recovering cells also exhibited prolonged elevation of proangiogenic factors. Strikingly, some early-recovery mRNAs, including Snail, were elevated first during apoptosis, implying that dying cells poise to recover, even while under apoptotic stress. Snail was also required for recovery. This study reveals similarities in the anastasis genes, pathways, and cell behaviors to those activated in wound healing and identifies a repertoire of potential targets for therapeutic manipulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gongping Sun
- Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology Department, Neuroscience Research Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA
| | - Elmer Guzman
- Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology Department, Neuroscience Research Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA
| | - Varuzhan Balasanyan
- Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology Department, Neuroscience Research Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA
| | - Christopher M Conner
- Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology Department, Neuroscience Research Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA
| | - Kirsten Wong
- Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology Department, Neuroscience Research Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA
| | - Hongjun Robin Zhou
- Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology Department, Neuroscience Research Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA
| | - Kenneth S Kosik
- Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology Department, Neuroscience Research Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA
| | - Denise J Montell
- Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology Department, Neuroscience Research Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA
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70
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Veelken C, Bakker GJ, Drell D, Friedl P. Single cell-based automated quantification of therapy responses of invasive cancer spheroids in organotypic 3D culture. Methods 2017; 128:139-149. [PMID: 28739118 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2017.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2017] [Revised: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Organotypic in vitro culture of 3D spheroids in an extracellular matrix represent a promising cancer therapy prediction model for personalized medicine screens due to their controlled experimental conditions and physiological similarities to in vivo conditions. As in tumors in vivo, 3D invasion cultures identify intratumor heterogeneity of growth, invasion and apoptosis induction by cytotoxic therapy. We here combine in vitro 3D spheroid invasion culture with irradiation and automated nucleus-based segmentation for single cell analysis to quantify growth, survival, apoptosis and invasion response during experimental radiation therapy. As output, multi-parameter histogram-based representations deliver an integrated insight into therapy response and resistance. This workflow may be suited for high-throughput screening and identification of invasive and therapy-resistant tumor sub-populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cornelia Veelken
- Department of Cell Biology, Radboudumc Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Geert Grooteplein 28, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Gert-Jan Bakker
- Department of Cell Biology, Radboudumc Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Geert Grooteplein 28, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - David Drell
- MetaViLabs, 16238 Ranch Road 620 North Suite F-347, Austin TX 78717, USA
| | - Peter Friedl
- Department of Cell Biology, Radboudumc Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Geert Grooteplein 28, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Cancer Genomics Center, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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71
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Zhou J, Wang D, Xi Y, Zhu X, Yang Y, Lv M, Luo C, Chen J, Ye X, Fang L, Xiao S. Assessing activity of Hepatitis A virus 3C protease using a cyclized luciferase-based biosensor. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 488:621-627. [PMID: 28501618 PMCID: PMC7092888 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.05.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Hepatitis A is an acute infection caused by Hepatitis A virus (HAV), which is widely distributed throughout the world. The HAV 3C cysteine protease (3Cpro), an important nonstructural protein, is responsible for most cleavage within the viral polyprotein and is critical for the processes of viral replication. Our group has previously demonstrated that HAV 3Cpro cleaves human NF-κB essential modulator (NEMO), a kinase required in interferon signaling. Based on this finding, we generated four luciferase-based biosensors containing the NEMO sequence (PVLKAQ↓ADIYKA) that is cleaved by HAV 3Cpro and/or the Nostoc punctiforme DnaE intein, to monitor the activity of HAV 3Cpro in human embryonic kidney cells (HEK-293T). Western blotting showed that HAV 3Cpro recognized and cleaved the NEMO cleavage sequence incorporated in the four biosensors, whereas only one cyclized luciferase-based biosensor (233-DnaE-HAV, 233DH) showed a measurable and reliable increase in firefly luciferase activity, with very low background, in the presence of HAV 3Cpro. With this biosensor (233DH), we monitored HAV 3Cpro activity in HEK-293T cells, and tested it against a catalytically deficient mutant HAV 3Cpro and other virus-encoded proteases. The results showed that the activity of this luciferase biosensor is specifically dependent on HAV 3Cpro. Collectively, our data demonstrate that the luciferase biosensor developed here might provide a rapid, sensitive, and efficient evaluation of HAV 3Cpro activity, and should extend our better understanding of the biological relevance of HAV 3Cpro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junwei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Dang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Yongqiang Xi
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xinyu Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yuting Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Mengting Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Chuanzhen Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jiyao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xu Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Liurong Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Shaobo Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan 430070, China
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72
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Gu C. Quantum dots-based fluorescence resonance energy transfer biosensor for monitoring cell apoptosis. LUMINESCENCE 2017; 32:1186-1191. [PMID: 28422382 DOI: 10.1002/bio.3309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2016] [Revised: 02/03/2017] [Accepted: 02/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The development of advanced methods for accurately monitoring cell apoptosis has extensive significance in the diagnostic and pharmaceutical fields. In this study, we developed a rapid, sensitive and selective approach for the detection of cell apoptosis by combining the site-specific recognition and cleavage of the DEVD-peptide with quantum dots (QDs)-based fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET). Firstly, biotin-peptide was conjugated on the surface of AuNPs to form AuNPs-pep through the formation of an Au-S bond. Then, AuNPs-pep-QDs nanoprobe was obtained through the connection between AuNPs-pep and QDs. FRET is on and the fluorescence of QDs is quenched at this point. The evidence of UV-vis spectra, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy revealed that the connection was successful. Upon the addition of apoptosis cell lysis solution, peptide was cleaved by caspase-3, and AuNPs was dissociated from the QDs. At this time, FRET is off, and thus the QDs fluorescence was recovered. The experimental conditions were optimized in terms of ratio of peptide to AuNPs, buffer solution, and the temperature of conjugation and enzyme reaction. The biosensor was successfully applied to distinguishing apoptosis cells and normal cells within 2 h. This study demonstrated that the biosensor could be utilized to evaluate anticancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunchuan Gu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Hangzhou Cancer Hospital, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, China
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73
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Yang Y, Liang Y, Zhang CY. Label-Free and Homogenous Detection of Caspase-3-Like Proteases by Disrupting Homodimerization-Directed Bipartite Tetracysteine Display. Anal Chem 2017; 89:4055-4061. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b04771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yong Yang
- Laboratory
for Food Safety and Environmental Technology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yan Liang
- Laboratory
for Food Safety and Environmental Technology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Chun-yang Zhang
- College
of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical
Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular and
Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory
of Clean Production of Fine Chemicals, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
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74
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Abstract
Apoptotic cell death is widely considered a positive process that both prevents and treats cancer. Although undoubtedly having a beneficial role, paradoxically, apoptosis can also cause unwanted effects that may even promote cancer. In this Opinion article we highlight some of the ways by which apoptosis can exert oncogenic functions. We argue that fully understanding this dark side will be required to optimally engage apoptosis, thereby maximizing tumour cell kill while minimizing unwanted pro-tumorigenic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Ichim
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute and Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - Stephen W G Tait
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute and Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
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75
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Du JB, Cheng Y, Teng ZH, Huan ML, Liu M, Cui H, Zhang BL, Zhou SY. pH-Triggered Surface Charge Reversed Nanoparticle with Active Targeting To Enhance the Antitumor Activity of Doxorubicin. Mol Pharm 2016; 13:1711-22. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.6b00158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiang-bo Du
- Department of Pharmaceutics,
School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, 710032, China
| | - Ying Cheng
- Department of Pharmaceutics,
School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, 710032, China
| | - Zeng-hui Teng
- Department of Pharmaceutics,
School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, 710032, China
| | - Meng-lei Huan
- Department of Pharmaceutics,
School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, 710032, China
| | - Miao Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutics,
School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, 710032, China
| | - Han Cui
- Department of Pharmaceutics,
School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, 710032, China
| | - Bang-le Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics,
School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, 710032, China
| | - Si-yuan Zhou
- Department of Pharmaceutics,
School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, 710032, China
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76
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Yin P, Jia J, Li J, Song Y, Zhang Y, Chen F. ABT-737, a Bcl-2 Selective Inhibitor, and Chloroquine Synergistically Kill Renal Cancer Cells. Oncol Res 2016; 24:65-72. [PMID: 27178823 PMCID: PMC7838628 DOI: 10.3727/096504016x14587366983838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the most common malignancy in the kidney in the world, and the 5-year overall survival for patients remains poor due to the lack of effective treatment strategies. Although ABT-737, as a Bcl-2/Bcl-xL inhibitor, has recently emerged as a novel cancer therapeutic reagent, apoptosis induced by ABT-737 is often blocked in several types of cancer cells. This study investigated whether the combination of the small-molecule BH3 mimetic ABT-737 and the lysosome inhibitor chloroquine was an effective strategy for treating renal cancer cells. We found that the combination of ABT-737 and chloroquine synergistically decreased cell viability when compared to treatment with either single reagent. Cell apoptosis induced by a combined treatment was markedly inhibited by the caspase inhibitors z-DEVD-FMK and z-VAD-FMK. It was also inhibited by cathepsin inhibitor E-64 and CTSI (cathepsin inhibitor), which suggested that apoptosis was dependent on the cascade of caspase activation and cathepsins released from lysosomes. Furthermore, we found that ABT-737 could increase the cell level of ROS, which triggers cathepsin-mediated cell death and augments the role of chloroquine in cell death. So the combination of ABT-737 and chloroquine was an effective strategy for the treatment of renal cancer cells, and this combined strategy may widen the therapeutic window of ABT-737 and chloroquine as well as enhance the clinical efficacy of synergistic drug combinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Yin
- *Department of Nephrology, First Affiliated Hospital of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jinpeng Jia
- †Department of Orthopaedics, General Hospital of Chinese People’s Liberation Army, Beijing, China
| | - Jijun Li
- *Department of Nephrology, First Affiliated Hospital of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Song
- *Department of Nephrology, First Affiliated Hospital of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yiyan Zhang
- *Department of Nephrology, First Affiliated Hospital of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Fengkun Chen
- *Department of Nephrology, First Affiliated Hospital of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
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77
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Jia Y, Zhang C, Zhou L, Xu H, Shi Y, Tong Z. Micheliolide overcomes KLF4-mediated cisplatin resistance in breast cancer cells by downregulating glutathione. Onco Targets Ther 2015; 8:2319-27. [PMID: 26356142 PMCID: PMC4559251 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s88661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Micheliolide (MCL) is a promising novel compound with broad-spectrum anticancer activity. However, little is known regarding its action and mechanism in breast cancer. To explore the potential therapeutic application of MCL as a chemosensitivity modulator, this study investigated the effects of MCL on cisplatin sensitivity in breast cancer and the underlying mechanisms. In the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide cytotoxicity assay and a xenograft tumor model, MCL enhanced the cisplatin sensitivity of the breast cancer cell line MCF-7 both in vitro and in vivo. Treatment of MCF-7 cells with low-dose cisplatin (10 µM) was sufficient to enrich the proportion of ALDH(+) cells and upregulate Krüppel-like factor 4 (KLF4) expression. The results obtained from knockdown and overexpression experiments demonstrate that KLF4 is both necessary and sufficient to induce a cisplatin resistance phenotype in breast cancer cells. Furthermore, the glutathione (GSH) content was elevated in MCF-7 cells after overexpression of KLF4. KLF4-mediated resistance to cisplatin was found to be abrogated by treatment with buthionine sulfoximine, an inhibitor of GSH synthesis. MCL induced GSH depletion and severe cell death in KLF4-overexpressing MCF-7 cells following exposure to cisplatin. Therefore, these results suggest that MCL-mediated direct depletion of GSH represents a major mechanism in reversing KLF4-induced cisplatin resistance in MCF-7 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongsheng Jia
- Department of Breast Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunze Zhang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Tianjin Union Medicine Center, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Liyan Zhou
- Department of Breast Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Huijun Xu
- Department of Oncology, Anhui Provincial Tumor Hospital, Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Yehui Shi
- Department of Breast Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhongsheng Tong
- Department of Breast Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
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78
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Zhang L, Lei J, Liu J, Ma F, Ju H. Persistent luminescence nanoprobe for biosensing and lifetime imaging of cell apoptosis via time-resolved fluorescence resonance energy transfer. Biomaterials 2015; 67:323-34. [PMID: 26232881 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2015.07.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2015] [Revised: 07/17/2015] [Accepted: 07/20/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Time-resolved fluorescence technique can reduce the short-lived background luminescence and auto-fluorescence interference from cells and tissues by exerting the delay time between pulsed excitation light and signal acquisition. Here, we prepared persistent luminescence nanoparticles (PLNPs) to design a universal time-resolved fluorescence resonance energy transfer (TR-FRET) platform for biosensing, lifetime imaging of cell apoptosis and in situ lifetime quantification of intracellular caspase-3. Three kinds of PLNPs-based nanoprobes are assembled by covalently binding dye-labeled peptides or DNA to carboxyl-functionalized PLNPs for the efficient detection of caspase-3, microRNA and protein. The peptides-functionalized nanoprobe is also employed for fluorescence lifetime imaging to monitor cell apoptosis, which shows a dependence of cellular fluorescence lifetime on caspase-3 activity and thus leads to an in situ quantification method. This work provides a proof-of-concept for PLNPs-based TR-FRET analysis and demonstrates its potential in exploring dynamical information of life process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, PR China
| | - Jianping Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, PR China.
| | - Jintong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, PR China
| | - Fengjiao Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, PR China
| | - Huangxian Ju
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, PR China.
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79
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Hamacher-Brady A, Brady NR. Bax/Bak-dependent, Drp1-independent Targeting of X-linked Inhibitor of Apoptosis Protein (XIAP) into Inner Mitochondrial Compartments Counteracts Smac/DIABLO-dependent Effector Caspase Activation. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:22005-18. [PMID: 26134559 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.643064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Efficient apoptosis requires Bax/Bak-mediated mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization (MOMP), which releases death-promoting proteins cytochrome c and Smac to the cytosol, which activate apoptosis and inhibit X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP) suppression of executioner caspases, respectively. We recently identified that in response to Bcl-2 homology domain 3 (BH3)-only proteins and mitochondrial depolarization, XIAP can permeabilize and enter mitochondria. Consequently, XIAP E3 ligase activity recruits endolysosomes into mitochondria, resulting in Smac degradation. Here, we explored mitochondrial XIAP action within the intrinsic apoptosis signaling pathway. Mechanistically, we demonstrate that mitochondrial XIAP entry requires Bax or Bak and is antagonized by pro-survival Bcl-2 proteins. Moreover, intramitochondrial Smac degradation by XIAP occurs independently of Drp1-regulated cytochrome c release. Importantly, mitochondrial XIAP actions are activated cell-intrinsically by typical apoptosis inducers TNF and staurosporine, and XIAP overexpression reduces the lag time between the administration of an apoptotic stimuli and the onset of mitochondrial permeabilization. To elucidate the role of mitochondrial XIAP action during apoptosis, we integrated our findings within a mathematical model of intrinsic apoptosis signaling. Simulations suggest that moderate increases of XIAP, combined with mitochondrial XIAP preconditioning, would reduce MOMP signaling. To test this scenario, we pre-activated XIAP at mitochondria via mitochondrial depolarization or by artificially targeting XIAP to the intermembrane space. Both approaches resulted in suppression of TNF-mediated caspase activation. Taken together, we propose that XIAP enters mitochondria through a novel mode of mitochondrial permeabilization and through Smac degradation can compete with canonical MOMP to act as an anti-apoptotic tuning mechanism, reducing the mitochondrial contribution to the cellular apoptosis capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Hamacher-Brady
- From the Lysosomal Systems Biology, German Cancer Research Center, Bioquant, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Nathan Ryan Brady
- Bioquant, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany the Systems Biology of Cell Death Mechanisms, German Cancer Research Center, the Department of Surgery, Heidelberg University Hospital, and
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80
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Adiponectin promotes pancreatic cancer progression by inhibiting apoptosis via the activation of AMPK/Sirt1/PGC-1α signaling. Oncotarget 2015; 5:4732-45. [PMID: 25051362 PMCID: PMC4148095 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.1963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Adiponectin is an adipocyte-secreted adipokine with pleiotropic actions. Clinical evidence has shown that serum adiponectin levels are increased and that adiponectin can protect pancreatic beta cells against apoptosis, which suggests that adiponectin may play an anti-apoptotic role in pancreatic cancer (PC). Here, we investigated the effects of adiponectin on PC development and elucidated the underlying molecular mechanisms. Adiponectin deficiency markedly attenuated pancreatic tumorigenesis in vivo. We found that adiponectin significantly inhibited the apoptosis of both human and mouse pancreatic cancer cells via adipoR1, but not adipoR2. Furthermore, adiponectin can increase AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) phosphorylation and NAD-dependent deacetylase sirtuin-1 (Sirt1) of PC cells. Knockdown of AMPK or Sirt1 can increase the apoptosis in PC cells. AMPK up-regulated Sirt1, and Sirt1 can inversely phosphorylate AMPK. Further studies have shown that Sirt1 can deacetylate peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC1α), which can increase the expression levels of mitochondrial genes. Thus, adiponectin exerts potent anti-apoptotic effects on PC cells via the activation of AMPK/Sirt1/PGC1α signaling. Finally, adiponectin can elevate β-catenin levels. Taken together, these novel findings reveal an unconventional role of adiponectin in promoting pancreatic cancers, and suggest that the effects of adiponectin on tumorigenesis are highly tissue-dependent.
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81
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Eling N, Reuter L, Hazin J, Hamacher-Brady A, Brady NR. Identification of artesunate as a specific activator of ferroptosis in pancreatic cancer cells. Oncoscience 2015; 2:517-32. [PMID: 26097885 PMCID: PMC4468338 DOI: 10.18632/oncoscience.160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 369] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2015] [Accepted: 04/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Oncogenic KRas reprograms pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) cells to states which are highly resistant to apoptosis. Thus, a major preclinical goal is to identify effective strategies for killing PDAC cells. Artesunate (ART) is an anti-malarial that specifically induces programmed cell death in different cancer cell types, in a manner initiated by reactive oxygen species (ROS)-generation. In this study we demonstrate that ART specifically induced ROS- and lysosomal iron-dependent cell death in PDAC cell lines. Highest cytotoxicity was obtained in PDAC cell lines with constitutively-active KRas, and ART did not affect non-neoplastic human pancreatic ductal epithelial (HPDE) cells. We determined that ART did not induce apoptosis or necroptosis. Instead, ART induced ferroptosis, a recently described mode of ROS- and iron-dependent programmed necrosis which can be activated in Ras-transformed cells. Co-treatment with the ferroptosis inhibitor ferrostatin-1 blocked ART-induced lipid peroxidation and cell death, and increased long-term cell survival and proliferation. Importantly, analysis of PDAC patient mRNA expression indicates a dependency on antioxidant homeostasis and increased sensitivity to free intracellular iron, both of which correlate with Ras-driven sensitivity to ferroptosis. Overall, our findings suggest that ART activation of ferroptosis is an effective, novel pathway for killing PDAC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nils Eling
- Lysosomal Systems Biology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany ; Systems Biology of Cell Death Mechanisms, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany ; BioQuant, University of Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lukas Reuter
- Lysosomal Systems Biology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany ; Systems Biology of Cell Death Mechanisms, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany ; BioQuant, University of Heidelberg, Germany
| | - John Hazin
- Systems Biology of Cell Death Mechanisms, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany ; Department of Surgery, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany ; BioQuant, University of Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anne Hamacher-Brady
- Lysosomal Systems Biology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany ; BioQuant, University of Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Nathan R Brady
- Systems Biology of Cell Death Mechanisms, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany ; Department of Surgery, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany ; BioQuant, University of Heidelberg, Germany
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82
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83
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Lu C, Wang W, Jia Y, Liu X, Tong Z, Li B. Inhibition of AMPK/autophagy potentiates parthenolide-induced apoptosis in human breast cancer cells. J Cell Biochem 2015; 115:1458-66. [PMID: 24619908 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.24808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2013] [Accepted: 03/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Parthenolide is the main bioactive component in feverfew, a common used herbal medicine, and has been extensively studied in relation to its anti-cancer properties. However there have been very few in-depth studies of the activities of this compound at the molecular level. Here, we showed that parthenolide increased reactive oxygen species (ROS), induced cell death, activated AMPK and autophagy, and led to M phase cell cycle arrest in breast cancer cells. Removal of ROS inhibited all parthenolide-associated events, such as cell death, AMPK activation, autophagy induction, and cell cycle arrest. Blockade of autophagy relieved cell cycle arrest, whereas inhibition of AMPK activity significantly repressed the induction of both autophagy and cell cycle arrest. These observations clearly showed that parthenolide-driven ROS activated AMPK-autophagy pathway. Furthermore, inhibition of either AMPK or autophagy significantly potentiated parthenolide-induced apoptosis. Therefore, our results show that parthenolide activates both apoptosis pathway and AMPK-autophagy survival pathway through the generation of ROS, and that suppression of AMPK or autophagy can potentially enhance the anti-cancer effect of parthenolide on breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Can Lu
- Laboratory of Cancer Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, 300060, P.R. China; Department of Breast Oncology, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, 300060, P.R. China
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84
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Ichim G, Lopez J, Ahmed SU, Muthalagu N, Giampazolias E, Delgado ME, Haller M, Riley JS, Mason SM, Athineos D, Parsons MJ, van de Kooij B, Bouchier-Hayes L, Chalmers AJ, Rooswinkel RW, Oberst A, Blyth K, Rehm M, Murphy DJ, Tait SWG. Limited mitochondrial permeabilization causes DNA damage and genomic instability in the absence of cell death. Mol Cell 2015; 57:860-872. [PMID: 25702873 PMCID: PMC4352766 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2015.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 314] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2014] [Revised: 10/24/2014] [Accepted: 01/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
During apoptosis, the mitochondrial outer membrane is permeabilized, leading to the release of cytochrome c that activates downstream caspases. Mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization (MOMP) has historically been thought to occur synchronously and completely throughout a cell, leading to rapid caspase activation and apoptosis. Using a new imaging approach, we demonstrate that MOMP is not an all-or-nothing event. Rather, we find that a minority of mitochondria can undergo MOMP in a stress-regulated manner, a phenomenon we term “minority MOMP.” Crucially, minority MOMP leads to limited caspase activation, which is insufficient to trigger cell death. Instead, this caspase activity leads to DNA damage that, in turn, promotes genomic instability, cellular transformation, and tumorigenesis. Our data demonstrate that, in contrast to its well-established tumor suppressor function, apoptosis also has oncogenic potential that is regulated by the extent of MOMP. These findings have important implications for oncogenesis following either physiological or therapeutic engagement of apoptosis. MOMP can occur in a minority of mitochondria Minority MOMP triggers caspase activity but fails to kill cells Minority MOMP-induced caspase activity causes DNA damage and genomic instability Minority MOMP promotes cellular transformation and tumorigenesis
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Ichim
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK; Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - Jonathan Lopez
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK; Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - Shafiq U Ahmed
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - Nathiya Muthalagu
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK; Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - Evangelos Giampazolias
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK; Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - M Eugenia Delgado
- Centre for Systems Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Martina Haller
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK; Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - Joel S Riley
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK; Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - Susan M Mason
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - Dimitris Athineos
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - Melissa J Parsons
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Pediatrics-Hematology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Bert van de Kooij
- Division of Immunology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, Amsterdam 1066 CX, the Netherlands
| | - Lisa Bouchier-Hayes
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Pediatrics-Hematology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Anthony J Chalmers
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - Rogier W Rooswinkel
- Division of Immunology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, Amsterdam 1066 CX, the Netherlands
| | - Andrew Oberst
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, 750 Republican Street, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Karen Blyth
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - Markus Rehm
- Centre for Systems Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Daniel J Murphy
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK; Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - Stephen W G Tait
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK; Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK.
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85
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Fan H, Kou J, Han D, Li P, Zhang D, Wu Q, He Q. Sensitive proteolysis assay based on the detection of a highly characteristic solid-state process. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra05749c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper reported a sensitive proteolysis assay based on the detection of a highly characteristic solid-state process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Fan
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery
- Beijing Chaoyang Hospital
- Capital Medical University
- Beijing
- P. R. China
| | - Jiantao Kou
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery
- Beijing Chaoyang Hospital
- Capital Medical University
- Beijing
- P. R. China
| | - Dongdong Han
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery
- Beijing Chaoyang Hospital
- Capital Medical University
- Beijing
- P. R. China
| | - Ping Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery
- Beijing Chaoyang Hospital
- Capital Medical University
- Beijing
- P. R. China
| | - Dong Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery
- Beijing Chaoyang Hospital
- Capital Medical University
- Beijing
- P. R. China
| | - Qiao Wu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery
- Beijing Chaoyang Hospital
- Capital Medical University
- Beijing
- P. R. China
| | - Qiang He
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery
- Beijing Chaoyang Hospital
- Capital Medical University
- Beijing
- P. R. China
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86
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Khalilzadeh B, Shadjou N, Eskandani M, Charoudeh HN, Omidi Y, Rashidi MR. A reliable self-assembled peptide based electrochemical biosensor for detection of caspase 3 activity and apoptosis. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra08561f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A sensitive electrochemical self-assembled peptide based biosensor was developed for the detection of caspase 3 activity and apoptosis using a Asp-Glu-Val-Asp (DEVD) modified peptide and horseradish peroxidase (HRP) as cleaving and electron transfer agents, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balal Khalilzadeh
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology (RCPN)
- Tabriz University of Medical Sciences
- Tabriz
- Iran
| | - Nasrin Shadjou
- Department of Nanochemistry and Nanotechnology Center
- Urmia University
- Urmia
- Iran
| | - Morteza Eskandani
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology (RCPN)
- Tabriz University of Medical Sciences
- Tabriz
- Iran
| | | | - Yadollah Omidi
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology (RCPN)
- Tabriz University of Medical Sciences
- Tabriz
- Iran
- Faculty of Pharmacy
| | - Mohammad-Reza Rashidi
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology (RCPN)
- Tabriz University of Medical Sciences
- Tabriz
- Iran
- Faculty of Pharmacy
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87
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Shi J, Zhang H, Fang L, Xi Y, Zhou Y, Luo R, Wang D, Xiao S, Chen H. A novel firefly luciferase biosensor enhances the detection of apoptosis induced by ESAT-6 family proteins of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2014; 452:1046-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.09.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2014] [Accepted: 09/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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88
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Jian C, Dong W, Wang J, Guo K, Ning P, Zhang Y. Retracted article: Using firefly luciferase-based apoptosis detection to determine the participation of rotavirus NSP4-induced NF-κB activation in apoptosis. Jian et al. 2014, Virus Genes. Virus Genes 2014; 50:349. [PMID: 25216914 DOI: 10.1007/s11262-014-1115-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2014] [Accepted: 09/05/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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89
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Anticancer compound Oplopantriol A kills cancer cells through inducing ER stress and BH3 proteins Bim and Noxa. Cell Death Dis 2014; 5:e1190. [PMID: 24763047 PMCID: PMC4001317 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2014.169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2013] [Revised: 01/28/2014] [Accepted: 01/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Oplopantriol-A (OPT) is a natural polyyne from Oplopanax horridus. We show here that OPT preferentially kills cancer cells and inhibits tumor growth. We demonstrate that OPT-induced cancer cell death is mediated by excessive endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. Decreasing the level of ER stress either by inactivating components of the unfolded protein response (UPR) pathway or by expression of ER chaperone protein glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78) decreases OPT-induced cell death. We show that OPT induces the accumulation of ubiquitinated proteins and the stabilization of unstable proteins, suggesting that OPT functions, at least in part, through interfering with the ubiquitin/proteasome pathway. In support of this, inhibition of protein synthesis significantly decreased the accumulation of ubiquitinated proteins, which is correlated with significantly decreased OPT-induced ER stress and cell death. Finally, we show that OPT treatment significantly induced the expression of BH3-only proteins, Noxa and Bim. Knockdown of both Noxa and Bim significantly blocked OPT-induced cell death. Taken together, our results suggest that OPT is a potential new anticancer agent that induces cancer cell death through inducing ER stress and BH3 proteins Noxa and Bim.
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90
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Yamaguchi Y, Kuranaga E, Nakajima YI, Koto A, Takemoto K, Miura M. In Vivo Monitoring of Caspase Activation Using a Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer-Based Fluorescent Probe. Methods Enzymol 2014; 544:299-325. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-417158-9.00012-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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