51
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Bigley V, Collin M. Insights from Patients with Dendritic Cell Immunodeficiency. Mol Immunol 2020; 122:116-123. [PMID: 32344243 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2020.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Dendritic Cells (DCs), derived from haematopoietic stem cells, are critical to the dynamic and balanced functioning of the intact immune system and are of great interest as vehicles of immunotherapy. Genetically modified mouse models have proved powerful tools to map DC development and function in vivo but human studies have previously relied heavily on in vitro systems. Human dendritic cell immunodeficiency, resulting from single gene mutations, offers new opportunities to dissect the role of human DCs in vivo, determine the genetic requirements for their development and map their haematopoietic differentiation pathways. This review will summarise the clinical phenotypes of mutations in GATA2, IRF8 and IKZF1 genes which result in global or subset specific dendritic cell deficiencies, discuss the functional consequences of these cytopenias and how these syndromes have informed our knowledge of DC differentiation and human haematopoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venetia Bigley
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK; NIHR Newcastle Biomedical Research Centre at Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
| | - Matthew Collin
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK; NIHR Newcastle Biomedical Research Centre at Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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52
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Transcriptional regulation of DC fate specification. Mol Immunol 2020; 121:38-46. [PMID: 32151907 PMCID: PMC7187805 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2020.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Revised: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Dendritic cells function in the immune system to instruct adaptive immune cells to respond accordingly to different threats. While conventional dendritic cells can be subdivided into two main subtypes, termed cDC1s and cDC2s, it is clear that further heterogeneity exists within these subtypes, particularly for cDC2s. Understanding the signals involved in specifying each of these lineages and subtypes thereof is crucial to (i) enable us to determine their specific functions and (ii) put us in a position to be able to target these cells to promote or prevent a specific function in any given disease setting. Although we still have much to learn regarding the specification of these cells, here we review the most recent advances in our understanding of this and highlight some of the next questions for the future.
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53
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Models for Monocytic Cells in the Tumor Microenvironment. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020. [PMID: 32036607 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-35723-8_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
Monocytes (Mos) are immune cells that critically regulate cancer, enabling tumor growth and modulating metastasis. Mos can give rise to tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) and Mo-derived dendritic cells (moDCs), all of which shape the tumor microenvironment (TME). Thus, understanding their roles in the TME is key for improved immunotherapy. Concurrently, various biological and mechanical factors including changes in local cytokines, extracellular matrix production, and metabolic changes in the TME affect the roles of monocytic cells. As such, relevant TME models are critical to achieve meaningful insight on the precise functions, mechanisms, and effects of monocytic cells. Notably, murine models have yielded significant insight into human Mo biology. However, many of these results have yet to be confirmed in humans, reinforcing the need for improved in vitro human TME models for the development of cancer interventions. Thus, this chapter (1) summarizes current insight on the tumor biology of Mos, TAMs, and moDCs, (2) highlights key therapeutic applications relevant to these cells, and (3) discusses various TME models to study their TME-related activity. We conclude with a perspective on the future research trajectory of this topic.
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54
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Wang L, Gao S, Wang H, Xue C, Liu X, Yuan H, Wang Z, Chen S, Chen Z, de Thé H, Zhang Y, Zhang W, Zhu J, Zhou J. Interferon regulatory factor 2 binding protein 2b regulates neutrophil versus macrophage fate during zebrafish definitive myelopoiesis. Haematologica 2020; 105:325-337. [PMID: 31123027 PMCID: PMC7012491 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2019.217596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Aproper choice of neutrophil-macrophage progenitor cell fate is essential for the generation of adequate myeloid subpopulations during embryonic development and in adulthood. The network governing neutrophil-macrophage progenitor cell fate has several key determinants, such as myeloid master regulators CCAAT enhancer binding protein alpha (C/EBPα) and spleen focus forming virus proviral integration oncogene (PU.1). Nevertheless, more regulators remain to be identified and characterized. To ensure balanced commitment of neutrophil-macrophage progenitors toward each lineage, the interplay among these determinants is not only synergistic, but also antagonistic. Depletion of interferon regulatory factor 2 binding protein 2b (Irf2bp2b), a well-known negative transcription regulator, results in a bias in neutrophil-macrophage progenitor cell fate in favor of macrophages at the expense of neutrophils during the stage of definitive myelopoiesis in zebrafish embryos. Mechanistic studies indicate that Irf2bp2b acts as a downstream target of C/EBPα, repressing PU.1 expression, and that SUMOylation confers the repressive function of Irf2bp2b. Thus, Irf2bp2b is a novel determinant in the choice of fate of neutrophil-macrophage progenitor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luxiang Wang
- CNRS-LIA Hematology and Cancer, Sino-French Research Center for Life Sciences and Genomics, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Rui-Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuo Gao
- CNRS-LIA Hematology and Cancer, Sino-French Research Center for Life Sciences and Genomics, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Rui-Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Haihong Wang
- CNRS-LIA Hematology and Cancer, Sino-French Research Center for Life Sciences and Genomics, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Rui-Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chang Xue
- CNRS-LIA Hematology and Cancer, Sino-French Research Center for Life Sciences and Genomics, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Rui-Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaohui Liu
- CNRS-LIA Hematology and Cancer, Sino-French Research Center for Life Sciences and Genomics, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Rui-Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hao Yuan
- CNRS-LIA Hematology and Cancer, Sino-French Research Center for Life Sciences and Genomics, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Rui-Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zixuan Wang
- CNRS-LIA Hematology and Cancer, Sino-French Research Center for Life Sciences and Genomics, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Rui-Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Saijuan Chen
- CNRS-LIA Hematology and Cancer, Sino-French Research Center for Life Sciences and Genomics, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Rui-Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhu Chen
- CNRS-LIA Hematology and Cancer, Sino-French Research Center for Life Sciences and Genomics, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Rui-Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hugues de Thé
- CNRS-LIA Hematology and Cancer, Sino-French Research Center for Life Sciences and Genomics, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Rui-Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Université de Paris 7/INSERM/CNRS UMR 944/7212, Equipe Labellisée No. 11 Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Hôpital St. Louis, Paris, France
| | - Yiyue Zhang
- Division of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenqing Zhang
- Division of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jun Zhu
- CNRS-LIA Hematology and Cancer, Sino-French Research Center for Life Sciences and Genomics, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Rui-Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China .,Université de Paris 7/INSERM/CNRS UMR 944/7212, Equipe Labellisée No. 11 Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Hôpital St. Louis, Paris, France
| | - Jun Zhou
- CNRS-LIA Hematology and Cancer, Sino-French Research Center for Life Sciences and Genomics, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Rui-Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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55
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Abstract
Structured models of ontogenic, phenotypic and functional diversity have been instrumental for a renewed understanding of the biology of immune cells, such as macrophages and lymphoid cells. However, there are no established models that can be used to define the diversity of neutrophils, the most abundant myeloid cells. This lack of an established model is largely due to the uniquely short lives of neutrophils, a consequence of their inability to divide once terminally differentiated, which has been perceived as a roadblock to functional diversity. This perception is rapidly evolving as multiple phenotypic and functional variants of neutrophils have been found, both in homeostatic and disease conditions. In this Opinion article, we present an overview of neutrophil heterogeneity and discuss possible mechanisms of diversification, including genomic regulation. We suggest that neutrophil heterogeneity is an important feature of immune pathophysiology, such that co-option of the mechanisms of diversification by cancer or other disorders contributes to disease progression.
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56
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Guermonprez P, Gerber-Ferder Y, Vaivode K, Bourdely P, Helft J. Origin and development of classical dendritic cells. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2019; 349:1-54. [PMID: 31759429 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2019.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Classical dendritic cells (cDCs) are mononuclear phagocytes of hematopoietic origin specialized in the induction and regulation of adaptive immunity. Initially defined by their unique T cell activation potential, it became quickly apparent that cDCs would be difficult to distinguish from other phagocyte lineages, by solely relying on marker-based approaches. Today, cDCs definition increasingly embed their unique ontogenetic features. A growing consensus defines cDCs on multiple criteria including: (1) dependency on the fms-like tyrosine kinase 3 ligand hematopoietic growth factor, (2) development from the common DC bone marrow progenitor, (3) constitutive expression of the transcription factor ZBTB46 and (4) the ability to induce, after adequate stimulation, the activation of naïve T lymphocytes. cDCs are a heterogeneous cell population that contains two main subsets, named type 1 and type 2 cDCs, arising from divergent ontogenetic pathways and populating multiple lymphoid and non-lymphoid tissues. Here, we present recent knowledge on the cellular and molecular pathways controlling the specification and commitment of cDC subsets from murine and human hematopoietic stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Guermonprez
- King's College London, Centre for Inflammation Biology and Cancer Immunology, The Peter Gorer Department of Immmunobiology, London, United Kingdom; Université de Paris, CNRS ERL8252, INSERM1149, Centre for Inflammation Research, Paris, France.
| | - Yohan Gerber-Ferder
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, INSERM U932, SiRIC «Translational Immunotherapy Team», Paris, France; Université de Paris, Immunity and Cancer Department, INSERM U932, Institut Curie, Paris, France
| | - Kristine Vaivode
- King's College London, Centre for Inflammation Biology and Cancer Immunology, The Peter Gorer Department of Immmunobiology, London, United Kingdom
| | - Pierre Bourdely
- King's College London, Centre for Inflammation Biology and Cancer Immunology, The Peter Gorer Department of Immmunobiology, London, United Kingdom
| | - Julie Helft
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, INSERM U932, SiRIC «Translational Immunotherapy Team», Paris, France; Université de Paris, Immunity and Cancer Department, INSERM U932, Institut Curie, Paris, France.
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57
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Kawamura S, Ohteki T. Monopoiesis in humans and mice. Int Immunol 2019; 30:503-509. [PMID: 30247712 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxy063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Monocytes are a widely conserved cell population in vertebrates with important roles in both inflammation and homeostasis. Under both settings, monocytes continuously arise from hematopoietic progenitors in the bone marrow and, on demand, migrate into tissues through the bloodstream. Monocytes are classified into three subsets-classical, intermediate and non-classical-based on their cell surface expression of CD14 and CD16 in humans and Ly6C, CX3CR1 and CCR2 in mice. In tissues, monocytes differentiate further into monocyte-derived macrophages and dendritic cells to mediate innate and adaptive immune responses and maintain tissue homeostasis. Recently, the progenitors that strictly give rise to monocytes were identified in both humans and mice, thereby revealing the monocyte differentiation pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunsuke Kawamura
- Department of Biodefense Research, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering (D-BSSE), ETH Zurich, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Toshiaki Ohteki
- Department of Biodefense Research, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
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58
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Olingy CE, Dinh HQ, Hedrick CC. Monocyte heterogeneity and functions in cancer. J Leukoc Biol 2019; 106:309-322. [PMID: 30776148 PMCID: PMC6658332 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.4ri0818-311r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 300] [Impact Index Per Article: 60.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Revised: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Monocytes are innate immune cells of the mononuclear phagocyte system that have emerged as important regulators of cancer development and progression. Our understanding of monocytes has advanced from viewing these cells as a homogenous population to a heterogeneous system of cells that display diverse responses to different stimuli. During cancer, different monocyte subsets perform functions that contribute to both pro- and antitumoral immunity, including phagocytosis, secretion of tumoricidal mediators, promotion of angiogenesis, remodeling of the extracellular matrix, recruitment of lymphocytes, and differentiation into tumor-associated macrophages and dendritic cells. The ability of cancer to evade immune recognition and clearance requires protumoral signals to outweigh ongoing attempts by the host immune system to prevent tumor growth. This review discusses current understanding of monocyte heterogeneity during homeostasis, highlights monocyte functions in cancer progression, and describes monocyte-targeted therapeutic strategies for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire E. Olingy
- La Jolla Institute for Allergy and ImmunologyLa JollaCaliforniaUSA
| | - Huy Q. Dinh
- La Jolla Institute for Allergy and ImmunologyLa JollaCaliforniaUSA
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59
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Wolf AA, Yáñez A, Barman PK, Goodridge HS. The Ontogeny of Monocyte Subsets. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1642. [PMID: 31379841 PMCID: PMC6650567 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Classical and non-classical monocytes, and the macrophages and monocyte-derived dendritic cells they produce, play key roles in host defense against pathogens, immune regulation, tissue repair and many other processes throughout the body. Recent studies have revealed previously unappreciated heterogeneity among monocytes that may explain this functional diversity, but our understanding of mechanisms controlling the functional programming of distinct monocyte subsets remains incomplete. Resolving monocyte heterogeneity and understanding how their functional identity is determined holds great promise for therapeutic immune modulation. In this review, we examine how monocyte origins and developmental influences shape the phenotypic and functional characteristics of monocyte subsets during homeostasis and in the context of infection, inflammation, and cancer. We consider how extrinsic signals and transcriptional regulators impact monocyte production and functional programming, as well as the influence of epigenetic and metabolic mechanisms. We also examine the evidence that functionally distinct monocyte subsets are produced via different developmental pathways during homeostasis and that inflammatory stimuli differentially target progenitors during an emergency response. We highlight the need for a more comprehensive understanding of the relationship between monocyte ontogeny and heterogeneity, including multiparametric single-cell profiling and functional analyses. Studies defining mechanisms of monocyte subset production and maintenance of unique monocyte identities have the potential to facilitate the design of therapeutic interventions to target specific monocyte subsets in a variety of disease contexts, including infectious and inflammatory diseases, cancer, and aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja A Wolf
- Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,Research Division of Immunology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Alberto Yáñez
- Departament de Microbiologia i Ecologia, Universitat de València, Burjassot, Spain.,Estructura de Recerca Interdisciplinar en Biotecnologia i Biomedicina, Universitat de València, Burjassot, Spain
| | - Pijus K Barman
- Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,Research Division of Immunology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Helen S Goodridge
- Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,Research Division of Immunology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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60
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Mastio J, Condamine T, Dominguez G, Kossenkov AV, Donthireddy L, Veglia F, Lin C, Wang F, Fu S, Zhou J, Viatour P, Lavilla-Alonso S, Polo AT, Tcyganov EN, Mulligan C, Nam B, Bennett J, Masters G, Guarino M, Kumar A, Nefedova Y, Vonderheide RH, Languino LR, Abrams SI, Gabrilovich DI. Identification of monocyte-like precursors of granulocytes in cancer as a mechanism for accumulation of PMN-MDSCs. J Exp Med 2019; 216:2150-2169. [PMID: 31239386 PMCID: PMC6719429 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20181952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Revised: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Mastio et al. describe monocytic precursors of granulocytes. These precursors are barely detectable in steady state conditions and are not consequential for differentiation of granulocytes. However, they accumulate in cancer and substantially contribute to PMN-MDSC expansion. We have identified a precursor that differentiates into granulocytes in vitro and in vivo yet belongs to the monocytic lineage. We have termed these cells monocyte-like precursors of granulocytes (MLPGs). Under steady state conditions, MLPGs were absent in the spleen and barely detectable in the bone marrow (BM). In contrast, these cells significantly expanded in tumor-bearing mice and differentiated to polymorphonuclear myeloid-derived suppressor cells (PMN-MDSCs). Selective depletion of monocytic cells had no effect on the number of granulocytes in naive mice but decreased the population of PMN-MDSCs in tumor-bearing mice by 50%. The expansion of MLPGs was found to be controlled by the down-regulation of Rb1, but not IRF8, which is known to regulate the expansion of PMN-MDSCs from classic granulocyte precursors. In cancer patients, putative MLPGs were found within the population of CXCR1+CD15−CD14+HLA-DR−/lo monocytic cells. These findings describe a mechanism of abnormal myelopoiesis in cancer and suggest potential new approaches for selective targeting of MDSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérôme Mastio
- Immunology, Microenvironment and Metastasis Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Thomas Condamine
- Immunology, Microenvironment and Metastasis Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA
| | - George Dominguez
- Immunology, Microenvironment and Metastasis Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA.,Anixa Diagnostic Corporation, San Jose, CA
| | - Andrew V Kossenkov
- Immunology, Microenvironment and Metastasis Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA
| | | | - Filippo Veglia
- Immunology, Microenvironment and Metastasis Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Cindy Lin
- Immunology, Microenvironment and Metastasis Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Fang Wang
- Immunology, Microenvironment and Metastasis Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Shuyu Fu
- Immunology, Microenvironment and Metastasis Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA.,Institute of Human Virology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jie Zhou
- Institute of Human Virology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Patrick Viatour
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Sergio Lavilla-Alonso
- Immunology, Microenvironment and Metastasis Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA
| | | | - Evgenii N Tcyganov
- Immunology, Microenvironment and Metastasis Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Charles Mulligan
- Helen F Graham Cancer Center at Christiana Care Health System, Newark, DE
| | - Brian Nam
- Helen F Graham Cancer Center at Christiana Care Health System, Newark, DE
| | - Joseph Bennett
- Helen F Graham Cancer Center at Christiana Care Health System, Newark, DE
| | - Gregory Masters
- Helen F Graham Cancer Center at Christiana Care Health System, Newark, DE
| | - Michael Guarino
- Helen F Graham Cancer Center at Christiana Care Health System, Newark, DE
| | - Amit Kumar
- Anixa Diagnostic Corporation, San Jose, CA
| | - Yulia Nefedova
- Immunology, Microenvironment and Metastasis Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Robert H Vonderheide
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
| | | | - Scott I Abrams
- Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY
| | - Dmitry I Gabrilovich
- Immunology, Microenvironment and Metastasis Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA
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61
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Kurotaki D, Nakabayashi J, Nishiyama A, Sasaki H, Kawase W, Kaneko N, Ochiai K, Igarashi K, Ozato K, Suzuki Y, Tamura T. Transcription Factor IRF8 Governs Enhancer Landscape Dynamics in Mononuclear Phagocyte Progenitors. Cell Rep 2019. [PMID: 29514092 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.02.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Monocytes and dendritic cells (DCs), mononuclear phagocytes essential for immune responses, develop from hematopoietic stem cells via monocyte-DC progenitors (MDPs). The molecular basis of their development remains unclear. Because promoter-distal enhancers are key to cell fate decisions, we analyzed enhancer landscapes during mononuclear phagocyte development in vivo. Monocyte- and DC-specific enhancers were gradually established at progenitor stages before the expression of associated genes. Of the transcription factors predicted to bind to these enhancers, IRF8, essential for monocyte and DC development, was found to be required for the establishment of these enhancers, particularly those common to both monocyte and DC lineages. Although Irf8-/- mononuclear phagocyte progenitors, including MDPs, displayed grossly normal gene expression patterns, their enhancer landscapes resembled that of an upstream progenitor population. Our results illustrate the dynamic process by which key transcription factors regulate enhancer formation and, therefore, direct future gene expression to achieve mononuclear phagocyte development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Kurotaki
- Department of Immunology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
| | - Jun Nakabayashi
- Advanced Medical Research Center, Yokohama City University, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
| | - Akira Nishiyama
- Department of Immunology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
| | - Haruka Sasaki
- Department of Immunology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
| | - Wataru Kawase
- Department of Immunology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
| | - Naofumi Kaneko
- Department of Immunology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
| | - Kyoko Ochiai
- Department of Biochemistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Igarashi
- Department of Biochemistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Keiko Ozato
- Program in Genomics of Differentiation, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Yutaka Suzuki
- Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, University of Tokyo, Chiba 277-8562, Japan
| | - Tomohiko Tamura
- Department of Immunology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan; Advanced Medical Research Center, Yokohama City University, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan.
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62
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Izawa N, Kurotaki D, Nomura S, Fujita T, Omata Y, Yasui T, Hirose J, Matsumoto T, Saito T, Kadono Y, Okada H, Miyamoto T, Tamura T, Aburatani H, Tanaka S. Cooperation of PU.1 With IRF8 and NFATc1 Defines Chromatin Landscapes During RANKL-Induced Osteoclastogenesis. J Bone Miner Res 2019; 34:1143-1154. [PMID: 30721543 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.3689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2017] [Revised: 01/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand (RANKL) induces osteoclast (OC) differentiation from bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMMs). The transcription factors nuclear factor of activated T cells 1 (NFATc1) and interferon regulatory factor (IRF) 8 play positive and negative roles, respectively, in this process. However, genomewide mapping of the active cis-regulatory elements regulating OC differentiation has not been performed, and little is known about the global landscape of OC-specific gene regulation. We used chromatin immunoprecipitation and formaldehyde-assisted isolation of regulatory elements followed by sequencing to show that PU.1 transcription factor binding motifs were overrepresented at active cis-regulatory regions in both murine BMMs and OCs, while IRF and NFAT binding motifs were selectively enriched at these regions in BMMs and OCs, respectively. We also found that RANKL induced the downregulation of Irf8 and upregulation of Nfatc1 expression, which was associated with dramatic alterations in histone modification. BMM-specific PU.1 binding sites were observed to overlap with IRF8 binding sites in BMMs, and this also occurred for OC-specific PU.1 binding sites and NFATc1 binding sites in OCs. The expression of genes with IRF8 peaks within BMM-specific PU.1 binding sites was significantly higher in BMMs than in OCs, while that of genes with NFATc1 peaks within OC-specific PU.1 binding sites was significantly higher in OCs than in BMMs. Our results suggest that PU.1 switches its transcription partner from IRF8 to NFATc1 and alters the binding regions during RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis, which is associated with changes in epigenetic profiles and the control of cell type-specific gene expression. © 2019 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naohiro Izawa
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Genome Science Division, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology (RCAST), The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daisuke Kurotaki
- Department of Immunology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Seitaro Nomura
- Genome Science Division, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology (RCAST), The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takanori Fujita
- Genome Science Division, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology (RCAST), The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasunori Omata
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tetsuro Yasui
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University Hospital Mizonokuchi, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Jun Hirose
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takumi Matsumoto
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Taku Saito
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuho Kadono
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Okada
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takeshi Miyamoto
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomohiko Tamura
- Department of Immunology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan.,Advanced Medical Research Center, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Aburatani
- Genome Science Division, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology (RCAST), The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sakae Tanaka
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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Narasimhan PB, Marcovecchio P, Hamers AA, Hedrick CC. Nonclassical Monocytes in Health and Disease. Annu Rev Immunol 2019; 37:439-456. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-immunol-042617-053119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Monocytes are innate blood cells that maintain vascular homeostasis and are early responders to pathogens in acute infections. There are three well-characterized classes of monocytes: classical (CD14+CD16−in humans and Ly6Chiin mice), intermediate (CD14+CD16+in humans and Ly6C+Treml4+in mice), and nonclassical (CD14−CD16+in humans and Ly6Cloin mice). Classical monocytes are critical for the initial inflammatory response. Classical monocytes can differentiate into macrophages in tissue and can contribute to chronic disease. Nonclassical monocytes have been widely viewed as anti-inflammatory, as they maintain vascular homeostasis. They are a first line of defense in recognition and clearance of pathogens. However, their roles in chronic disease are less clear. They have been shown to be protective as well as positively associated with disease burden. This review focuses on the state of the monocyte biology field and the functions of monocytes, particularly nonclassical monocytes, in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prakash Babu Narasimhan
- Division of Inflammation Biology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, California 92037, USA;, , ,
| | - Paola Marcovecchio
- Division of Inflammation Biology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, California 92037, USA;, , ,
| | - Anouk A.J. Hamers
- Division of Inflammation Biology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, California 92037, USA;, , ,
| | - Catherine C. Hedrick
- Division of Inflammation Biology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, California 92037, USA;, , ,
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Epigenetic control of early dendritic cell lineage specification by the transcription factor IRF8 in mice. Blood 2019; 133:1803-1813. [PMID: 30796024 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2018-06-857789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs), which are vital for immune responses, are derived from bone marrow hematopoietic stem cells via common DC progenitors (CDPs). DC lineage fate decisions occurring at stages much earlier than CDPs have recently been recognized, yet the mechanism remains elusive. By single-cell RNA-sequencing, in vivo cell transfer experiments, and an assay for transposase-accessible chromatin sequencing using wild-type, IRF8-GFP chimera knock-in or IRF8-knockout mice, we demonstrate that IRF8 regulates chromatin at the lymphoid-primed multipotent progenitor (LMPP) stage to induce early commitment toward DCs. A low but significant expression of IRF8, a transcription factor essential for DC and monocyte development, was initiated in a subpopulation within LMPPs. These IRF8+ LMPPs were derived from IRF8- LMPPs and predominantly produced DCs, especially classical DC1s, potentially via known progenitors, such as monocyte-DC progenitors, CDPs, and preclassical DCs. IRF8+ LMPPs did not generate significant numbers of monocytes, neutrophils, or lymphocytes. Although IRF8- and IRF8+ LMPPs displayed very similar global gene expression patterns, the chromatin of enhancers near DC lineage genes was more accessible in IRF8+ LMPPs than in IRF8- LMPPs, an epigenetic change dependent on IRF8. The majority of the genes epigenetically primed by IRF8 were still transcriptionally inactive at the LMPP stage, but were highly expressed in the downstream DC lineage populations such as CDPs. Therefore, early expression of the key transcription factor IRF8 changes chromatin states in otherwise multipotent progenitors, biasing their fate decision toward DCs.
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65
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Katakura F, Nishiya K, Wentzel AS, Hino E, Miyamae J, Okano M, Wiegertjes GF, Moritomo T. Paralogs of Common Carp Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor (G-CSF) Have Different Functions Regarding Development, Trafficking and Activation of Neutrophils. Front Immunol 2019; 10:255. [PMID: 30837998 PMCID: PMC6389648 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Mammalian granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF; CSF3) is a primary cytokine that promotes the development, mobilization, and activation of neutrophils and their precursors. Teleosts have been reported to possess two paralogs as a likely result of the teleost-wide whole genome duplication (WGD) event, but functional divergence of G-CSF paralogs remains poorly understood. Common carp are an allotetraploid species owing to an additional WGD event in the carp lineage and here, we report on genomic synteny, sequence similarity, and phylogeny of four common carp G-CSF paralogs (g-csfa1 and g-csfa2; g-csfb1 and g-csfb2). G-csfa1 and g-csfa2 show differential and relatively high gene expression levels, while g-csfb1 and g-csfb2 show low basal gene expression levels in most tissues. All paralogs are expressed higher in macrophages than in other leukocyte sub-types and are highly up-regulated by treatment of macrophages with mitogens. Recombinant G-CSFa1 and G-CSFb1 both promoted the proliferation of kidney hematopoietic cells, while only G-CSFb1 induced the differentiation of kidney cells along the neutrophil-lineage. Colony-forming unit assays revealed that G-CSFb1 alone stimulates the formation of CFU-G colonies from head- and trunk-kidney whereas the combination of G-CSFa1 and G-CSFb1 stimulates the formation of both CFU-G and CFU-GM colonies. Recombinant G-CSFa1 and G-CSFb1 also exhibit chemotactic activity against kidney neutrophils and up-regulation of cxcr1 mRNA expression was highest in neutrophils after G-CSFb1 stimulation. Furthermore, G-CSFb1 more than G-CSFa1 induced priming of kidney neutrophils through up-regulation of a NADPH-oxidase component p47 phox . In vivo administration of G-CSF paralogs increased the number of circulating blood neutrophils of carp. Our findings demonstrate that gene duplications in teleosts can lead to functional divergence between paralogs and shed light on the sub-functionalization of G-CSF paralogs in cyprinid fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumihiko Katakura
- Laboratory of Comparative Immunology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Nihon University, Fujisawa, Japan
| | - Kohei Nishiya
- Laboratory of Comparative Immunology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Nihon University, Fujisawa, Japan
| | - Annelieke S. Wentzel
- Cell Biology and Immunology Group, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Erika Hino
- Laboratory of Comparative Immunology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Nihon University, Fujisawa, Japan
| | - Jiro Miyamae
- Laboratory of Comparative Immunology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Nihon University, Fujisawa, Japan
| | - Masaharu Okano
- Laboratory of Comparative Immunology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Nihon University, Fujisawa, Japan
| | - Geert F. Wiegertjes
- Cell Biology and Immunology Group, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
- Aquaculture and Fisheries Group, Wageningen Institute of Animal Science, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Tadaaki Moritomo
- Laboratory of Comparative Immunology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Nihon University, Fujisawa, Japan
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66
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Murine CMV induces type 1 IFN that impairs differentiation of MDSCs critical for transplantation tolerance. Blood Adv 2019; 2:669-680. [PMID: 29563123 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2017012187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 03/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Clinical tolerance without immunosuppression has now been achieved for organ transplantation, and its scope will likely continue to expand. In this context, a previously understudied and now increasingly relevant area is how microbial infections might affect the efficacy of tolerance. A highly prevalent and clinically relevant posttransplant pathogen is cytomegalovirus (CMV). Its impact on transplantation tolerance and graft outcomes is not well defined. Employing a mouse model of CMV (MCMV) infection and allogeneic pancreatic islet transplantation in which donor-specific tolerance was induced by infusing donor splenocytes rendered apoptotic by treatment with ethylenecarbodiimide, we investigated the effect of CMV infection on transplantation tolerance induction. We found that acute MCMV infection abrogated tolerance induction and that this abrogation correlated with an alteration in the differentiation and function of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs). These effects on MDSCs were mediated in part through MCMV induced type 1 interferon (IFN) production. During MCMV infection, the highly immunosuppressive Gr1HI-granulocytic MDSCs were markedly reduced in numbers, and the accumulating Ly6CHI-monocytic cells lost their MDSC-like function but instead acquired an immunostimulatory phenotype to cross-present alloantigens and prime alloreactive CD8 T cells. Consequently, the islet allograft exhibited an altered effector to regulatory T-cell ratio that correlated with the ultimate graft demise. Blocking type 1 IFN signaling during MCMV infection rescued MDSC populations and partially restored transplantation tolerance. Our mechanistic studies now provide a solid foundation for seeking effective therapies for promoting transplantation tolerance in settings of CMV infection.
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Abstract
Research during the last decade has generated numerous insights on the presence, phenotype, and function of myeloid cells in cardiovascular organs. Newer tools with improved detection sensitivities revealed sizable populations of tissue-resident macrophages in all major healthy tissues. The heart and blood vessels contain robust numbers of these cells; for instance, 8% of noncardiomyocytes in the heart are macrophages. This number and the cell's phenotype change dramatically in disease conditions. While steady-state macrophages are mostly monocyte independent, macrophages residing in the inflamed vascular wall and the diseased heart derive from hematopoietic organs. In this review, we will highlight signals that regulate macrophage supply and function, imaging applications that can detect changes in cell numbers and phenotype, and opportunities to modulate cardiovascular inflammation by targeting macrophage biology. We strive to provide a systems-wide picture, i.e., to focus not only on cardiovascular organs but also on tissues involved in regulating cell supply and phenotype, as well as comorbidities that promote cardiovascular disease. We will summarize current developments at the intersection of immunology, detection technology, and cardiovascular health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Frodermann
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School , Boston, Massachusetts ; and Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School , Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Matthias Nahrendorf
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School , Boston, Massachusetts ; and Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School , Boston, Massachusetts
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68
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Klement JD, Paschall AV, Redd PS, Ibrahim ML, Lu C, Yang D, Celis E, Abrams SI, Ozato K, Liu K. An osteopontin/CD44 immune checkpoint controls CD8+ T cell activation and tumor immune evasion. J Clin Invest 2018; 128:5549-5560. [PMID: 30395540 DOI: 10.1172/jci123360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite breakthroughs in immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) immunotherapy, not all human cancers respond to ICI immunotherapy and a large fraction of patients with the responsive types of cancers do not respond to current ICI immunotherapy. This clinical conundrum suggests that additional immune checkpoints exist. We report here that interferon regulatory factor 8 (IRF8) deficiency led to impairment of cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) activation and allograft tumor tolerance. However, analysis of chimera mice with competitive reconstitution of WT and IRF8-KO bone marrow cells as well as mice with IRF8 deficiency only in T cells indicated that IRF8 plays no intrinsic role in CTL activation. Instead, IRF8 functioned as a repressor of osteopontin (OPN), the physiological ligand for CD44 on T cells, in CD11b+Ly6CloLy6G+ myeloid cells and OPN acted as a potent T cell suppressor. IRF8 bound to the Spp1 promoter to repress OPN expression in colon epithelial cells, and colon carcinoma exhibited decreased IRF8 and increased OPN expression. The elevated expression of OPN in human colon carcinoma was correlated with decreased patient survival. Our data indicate that myeloid and tumor cell-expressed OPN acts as an immune checkpoint to suppress T cell activation and confer host tumor immune tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- John D Klement
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and.,Georgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, Georgia, USA.,Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, Georgia, USA
| | - Amy V Paschall
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and.,Georgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, Georgia, USA.,Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, Georgia, USA
| | - Priscilla S Redd
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and.,Georgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, Georgia, USA.,Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, Georgia, USA
| | - Mohammed L Ibrahim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and.,Georgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, Georgia, USA
| | - Chunwan Lu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and.,Georgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, Georgia, USA.,Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, Georgia, USA
| | - Dafeng Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and.,Georgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, Georgia, USA.,Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, Georgia, USA
| | - Esteban Celis
- Georgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, Georgia, USA
| | - Scott I Abrams
- Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Keiko Ozato
- Division of Developmental Biology, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Kebin Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and.,Georgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, Georgia, USA.,Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, Georgia, USA
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69
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Weston BR, Li L, Tyson JJ. Mathematical Analysis of Cytokine-Induced Differentiation of Granulocyte-Monocyte Progenitor Cells. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2048. [PMID: 30279691 PMCID: PMC6153365 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Granulocyte-monocyte progenitor (GMP) cells play a vital role in the immune system by maturing into a variety of white blood cells, including neutrophils and macrophages, depending on exposure to cytokines such as various types of colony stimulating factors (CSF). Granulocyte-CSF (G-CSF) induces granulopoiesis and macrophage-CSF (M-CSF) induces monopoiesis, while granulocyte/macrophage-CSF (GM-CSF) favors monocytic and granulocytic differentiation at low and high concentrations, respectively. Although these differentiation pathways are well documented, the mechanisms behind the diverse behavioral responses of GMP cells to CSFs are not well understood. In this paper, we propose a mechanism of interacting CSF-receptors and transcription factors that control GMP differentiation, convert the mechanism into a set of differential equations, and explore the properties of this mathematical model using dynamical systems theory. Our model reproduces numerous experimental observations of GMP cell differentiation in response to varying dosages of G-CSF, M-CSF, and GM-CSF. In particular, we are able to reproduce the concentration-dependent behavior of GM-CSF induced differentiation, and propose a mechanism driving this behavior. In addition, we explore the differentiation of a fourth phenotype, monocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells (M-MDSC), showing how they might fit into the classical pathways of GMP differentiation and how progenitor cells can be primed for M-MDSC differentiation. Finally, we use the model to make novel predictions that can be explored by future experimental studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bronson R Weston
- Program in Genetics, Bioinformatics, and Computational Biology, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Liwu Li
- Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - John J Tyson
- Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, United States
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70
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Hashimoto A, Gao C, Mastio J, Kossenkov A, Abrams SI, Purandare AV, Desilva H, Wee S, Hunt J, Jure-Kunkel M, Gabrilovich DI. Inhibition of Casein Kinase 2 Disrupts Differentiation of Myeloid Cells in Cancer and Enhances the Efficacy of Immunotherapy in Mice. Cancer Res 2018; 78:5644-5655. [PMID: 30139814 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-18-1229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Revised: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The role of myeloid cells as regulators of tumor progression that significantly impact the efficacy of cancer immunotherapies makes them an attractive target for inhibition. Here we explore the effect of a novel, potent, and selective inhibitor of serine/threonine protein kinase casein kinase 2 (CK2) on modulating myeloid cells in the tumor microenvironment. Although inhibition of CK2 caused only a modest effect on dendritic cells in tumor-bearing mice, it substantially reduced the amount of polymorphonuclear myeloid-derived suppressor cells and tumor-associated macrophages. This effect was not caused by the induction of apoptosis, but rather by a block of differentiation. Our results implicated downregulation of CCAAT-enhancer binding protein-α in this effect. Although CK2 inhibition did not directly affect tumor cells, it dramatically enhanced the antitumor activity of immune checkpoint receptor blockade using anti-CTLA-4 antibody. These results suggest a potential role of CK2 inhibitors in combination therapies against cancer.Significance: These findings demonstrate the modulatory effects of casein kinase 2 inhibitors on myeloid cell differentiation in the tumor microenvironment, which subsequently synergize with the antitumor effects of checkpoint inhibitor CTLA4. Cancer Res; 78(19); 5644-55. ©2018 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chan Gao
- Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, New Jersey
| | | | | | - Scott I Abrams
- Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Immunology, Buffalo, New York, Medimmune, Gaithersburg, Maryland
| | | | | | - Susan Wee
- Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, New Jersey
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71
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Bigley V, Maisuria S, Cytlak U, Jardine L, Care MA, Green K, Gunawan M, Milne P, Dickinson R, Wiscombe S, Parry D, Doffinger R, Laurence A, Fonseca C, Stoevesandt O, Gennery A, Cant A, Tooze R, Simpson AJ, Hambleton S, Savic S, Doody G, Collin M. Biallelic interferon regulatory factor 8 mutation: A complex immunodeficiency syndrome with dendritic cell deficiency, monocytopenia, and immune dysregulation. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2018; 141:2234-2248. [PMID: 29128673 PMCID: PMC5986711 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2017.08.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Revised: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 08/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The homozygous K108E mutation of interferon regulatory factor 8 (IRF8) is reported to cause dendritic cell (DC) and monocyte deficiency. However, more widespread immune dysfunction is predicted from the multiple roles ascribed to IRF8 in immune cell development and function. OBJECTIVE We sought to describe the effect on hematopoiesis and immunity of the compound heterozygous R83C/R291Q mutation of IRF8, which is present in a patient with recurrent viral infection, granuloproliferation, and intracerebral calcification. METHODS Variant IRF8 alleles were identified by means of exome sequencing, and their function was tested by using reporter assays. The cellular phenotype was studied in detail by using flow cytometry, functional immunologic assay transcriptional profiling, and antigen receptor profiling. RESULTS Both mutations affected conserved residues, and R291Q is orthologous to R294, which is mutated in the BXH2 IRF8-deficient mouse. R83C showed reduced nuclear translocation, and neither mutant was able to regulate the Ets/IRF composite element or interferon-stimulated response element, whereas R291Q retained BATF/JUN interactions. DC deficiency and monocytopenia were observed in blood, dermis, and lung lavage fluid. Granulocytes were consistently increased, dysplastic, and hypofunctional. Natural killer cell development and maturation were arrested. TH1, TH17, and CD8+ memory T-cell differentiation was significantly reduced, and T cells did not express CXCR3. B-cell development was impaired, with fewer memory cells, reduced class-switching, and lower frequency and complexity of somatic hypermutation. Cell-specific gene expression was widely disturbed in interferon- and IRF8-regulated transcripts. CONCLUSIONS This analysis defines the clinical features of human biallelic IRF8 deficiency, revealing a complex immunodeficiency syndrome caused by DC and monocyte deficiency combined with widespread immune dysregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venetia Bigley
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom; Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom.
| | - Sheetal Maisuria
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Urszula Cytlak
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Laura Jardine
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom; Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew A Care
- Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Kile Green
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Merry Gunawan
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Milne
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Rachel Dickinson
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah Wiscombe
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - David Parry
- Leeds Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Rainer Doffinger
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunology, Addenbrookes Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Arian Laurence
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom; Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Claudia Fonseca
- Cambridge Protein Arrays, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Oda Stoevesandt
- Cambridge Protein Arrays, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Gennery
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom; Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Cant
- Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Reuben Tooze
- Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - A John Simpson
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom; Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Sophie Hambleton
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom; Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Sinisa Savic
- National Institute for Health Research-Leeds Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit and Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Gina Doody
- Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew Collin
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom; Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
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mTOR masters monocyte development in bone marrow by decreasing the inhibition of STAT5 on IRF8. Blood 2018; 131:1587-1599. [PMID: 29463562 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2017-04-777128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Monocytes and macrophages play a key role in defending pathogens, removing the dead cells or cell debris, and wound healing. The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitor rapamycin (RPM) is widely used in clinics to treat patients with organ transplantation or tumors. The role of mTOR in monocyte/macrophage development remains to be clarified. Here we found that mTOR intrinsically controls monocyte/macrophage development, as evidenced by the decreased percentages and cell numbers of CD11b+F4/80+ cells resulting from mTOR inhibition in SCID mice, mTOR-deficient mice, and mixed chimera mice, and the in vitro colony formation and monocyte/macrophage induction assays. However, Lyzs-mTOR knockout mice displayed normal levels of monocytes/macrophages, indicating that mTOR is not essential for the survival and maturation of monocytes/macrophages. Further studies showed that mTOR deficiency significantly reduced macrophage colony-stimulating factor receptor CD115 expression at the transcriptional and translational levels. The molecular mechanism studies indicate that the impaired monocyte/macrophage development caused by mTOR deficiency is mainly a result of the overactivated STAT5 and subsequent downregulation of IRF8, but not the altered cell metabolism and autophagy. Therefore, our work identifies that mTOR is an intrinsic master for monocyte/macrophage development at the early stages through regulating STAT5-IRF8-dependent CD115-expressing pathway. Long-term usage of RPM may cause a defect of myeloid progenitors in bone marrow.
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73
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Abrams SI, Netherby CS, Twum DYF, Messmer MN. Relevance of Interferon Regulatory Factor-8 Expression in Myeloid-Tumor Interactions. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2018; 36:442-53. [PMID: 27379866 DOI: 10.1089/jir.2015.0174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Perturbations in myelopoiesis are a common feature in solid tumor biology, reflecting the central premise that cancer is not only a localized affliction but also a systemic disease. Because the myeloid compartment is essential for the induction of adaptive immunity, these alterations in myeloid development contribute to the failure of the host to effectively manage tumor progression. These "dysfunctional" myeloid cells have been coined myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs). Interestingly, such cells not only arise in neoplasia but also are associated with many other inflammatory or pathologic conditions. MDSCs affect disease outcome through multiple mechanisms, including their ability to mediate generalized or antigen-specific immune suppression. Consequently, MDSCs pose a significant barrier to effective immunotherapy in multiple disease settings. Although much interest has been devoted to unraveling mechanisms by which MDSCs mediate immune suppression, a large gap has remained in our understanding of the mechanisms that drive their development in the first place. Investigations into this question have identified an unrecognized role of interferon regulatory factor-8 (IRF-8), a member of the IRF family of transcription factors, in tumor-induced myeloid dysfunction. Ordinarily, IRF-8 is involved in diverse stages of myelopoiesis, namely differentiation and lineage commitment toward monocytes, dendritic cells, and granulocytes. Several recent studies now support the hypothesis that IRF-8 functions as a "master" negative regulator of MDSC formation in vivo. This review focuses on IRF-8 as a potential target suppressed by tumors to cripple normal myelopoiesis, redirecting myeloid differentiation toward the emergence of MDSCs. Understanding the bases by which neoplasia drives MDSC accumulation has the potential to improve the efficacy of therapies that require a competent myeloid compartment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott I Abrams
- Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute , Buffalo, New York
| | - Colleen S Netherby
- Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute , Buffalo, New York
| | - Danielle Y F Twum
- Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute , Buffalo, New York
| | - Michelle N Messmer
- Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute , Buffalo, New York
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74
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Kurotaki D, Sasaki H, Tamura T. Transcriptional control of monocyte and macrophage development. Int Immunol 2018; 29:97-107. [PMID: 28379391 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxx016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Monocytes and macrophages play critical roles in immune responses, tissue homeostasis and disease progression. There are a number of functionally and phenotypically distinct subpopulations throughout the body. However, the mechanisms by which macrophage and monocyte heterogeneity is established remain unclear. Recent studies have suggested that most tissue-resident macrophages originate from fetal progenitors but not from hematopoietic stem cells, whereas some subpopulations are derived from adult monocytes. In addition, transcription factors specifically required for the development of each subpopulation have been identified. Interestingly, local environmental factors such as heme, retinoic acid and RANKL induce the expression and/or activation of tissue-specific transcription factors, thereby controlling transcriptional programs specific for the subpopulations. Thus, distinct differentiation pathways and local microenvironments appear to contribute to the determination of macrophage transcriptional identities. In this review, we highlight recent advances in our knowledge of the transcriptional control of macrophage and monocyte development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Kurotaki
- Department of Immunology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
| | - Haruka Sasaki
- Department of Immunology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
| | - Tomohiko Tamura
- Department of Immunology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
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75
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Abstract
Monocytes emerging from the bone marrow are the progenitors of monocyte-derived macrophages. An essential function of monocytes is to seed tissues with sufficient macrophages to replace loss from infection and tissue damage. Recent work from diverse inflammatory and homeostatic settings has shown monocytes also possess direct protective and pathogenic activities. Thus, monocytes are not simply needed to generate macrophages, but instead contribute to the overall orchestration of immunity. Some recently described properties of monocytes are both surprising and mechanistically specific; for example, inflammatory monocytes are required for the efficacy of transferred activated cytotoxic T cells, but can have potent tissue damaging effects while patrolling monocytes are required for anti-tumor immunity in some cases, but in another example provokes resistance to chemotherapy and thereby aid tumor growth. This summary will therefore focus on new findings about the regulatory activities of monocytes themselves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter J Murray
- Immunoregulation Group, Max-Planck-Institut für Biochemie, Am Klopferspitz 18, 82152 Martinsried, Germany.
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76
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Pak2 regulates myeloid-derived suppressor cell development in mice. Blood Adv 2017; 1:1923-1933. [PMID: 29296839 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2017007435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are CD11b+Gr1+ cells that induce T-cell hyporesponsiveness, thus impairing antitumor immunity. We have previously reported that disruption of Pak2, a member of the p21-activated kinases (Paks), in hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs) induces myeloid lineage skewing and expansion of CD11bhighGr1high cells in mice. In this study, we confirmed that Pak2-KO CD11bhighGr1high cells suppressed T-cell proliferation, consistent with an MDSC phenotype. Loss of Pak2 function in HSPCs led to (1) increased hematopoietic progenitor cell sensitivity to granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) signaling, (2) increased MDSC proliferation, (3) decreased MDSC sensitivity to both intrinsic and Fas-Fas ligand-mediated apoptosis, and (4) promotion of MDSCs by Pak2-deficient CD4+ T cells that produced more interferon γ, tumor necrosis factor α, and GM-CSF. Pak2 disruption activated STAT5 while downregulating the expression of IRF8, a well-described myeloid transcription factor. Together, our data reveal a previously unrecognized role of Pak2 in regulating MDSC development via both cell-intrinsic and extrinsic mechanisms. Our findings have potential translational implications, as the efficacy of targeting Paks in cancer therapeutics may be undermined by tumor escape from immune control and/or acceleration of tumorigenesis through MDSC expansion.
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77
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Li Q, Zhang P, Yu X, Zhao Y, Li Q, Zhang Y, Yang Z, Xie Y, Xue P, Sun S, Jia X, Zhou Z, He M, Zhang Y. Lead Transiently Promotes Granulocyte-Macrophage Progenitor Differentiation and Subsequently Suppresses Common Myeloid Progenitor Differentiation. Toxicol Sci 2017; 160:268-283. [DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfx176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Qian Li
- School of Public Health and Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, MOE, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Huzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhejiang 313000, China
| | - Xinchun Yu
- School of Public Health and Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, MOE, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yifan Zhao
- School of Public Health and Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, MOE, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Qiang Li
- Putuo District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Yandong Zhang
- School of Public Health and Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, MOE, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zhengli Yang
- School of Public Health and Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, MOE, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yunli Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Peng Xue
- School of Public Health and Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, MOE, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Shuhui Sun
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xiaodong Jia
- Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai 200336, China
| | - Zhijun Zhou
- School of Public Health and Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, MOE, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Miao He
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yubin Zhang
- School of Public Health and Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, MOE, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
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78
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Abstract
Macrophages play essential roles in the response to injury and infection and contribute to the development and/or homeostasis of the various tissues they reside in. Conversely, macrophages also influence the pathogenesis of metabolic, neurodegenerative, and neoplastic diseases. Mechanisms that contribute to the phenotypic diversity of macrophages in health and disease remain poorly understood. Here we review the recent application of genome-wide approaches to characterize the transcriptomes and epigenetic landscapes of tissue-resident macrophages. These studies are beginning to provide insights into how distinct tissue environments are interpreted by transcriptional regulatory elements to drive specialized programs of gene expression.
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79
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Abstract
The maintenance of monocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells (DCs) involves manifold pathways of ontogeny and homeostasis that have been the subject of intense study in recent years. The concept of a peripheral mononuclear phagocyte system continually renewed by blood-borne monocytes has been modified to include specialized DC pathways of development that do not involve monocytes, and longevity through self-renewal of tissue macrophages. The study of development remains difficult owing to the plasticity of phenotypes and misconceptions about the fundamental structure of hematopoiesis. However, greater clarity has been achieved in distinguishing inflammatory monocyte-derived DCs from DCs arising in the steady state, and new concepts of conjoined lymphomyeloid hematopoiesis more easily accommodate the shared lymphoid and myeloid phenotypes of some DCs. Cross-species comparisons have also yielded coherent systems of nomenclature for all mammalian monocytes, macrophages, and DCs. Finally, the clear relationships between ontogeny and functional specialization offer information about the regulation of immune responses and provide new tools for the therapeutic manipulation of myeloid mononuclear cells in medicine.
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80
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Abstract
Purpose of review Dendritic cells are specialized antigen-presenting cells which link innate and adaptive immunity, through recognition and presentation of antigen to T cells. Although the importance of dendritic cells has been demonstrated in many animal models, their contribution to human immunity remains relatively unexplored in vivo. Given their central role in infection, autoimmunity, and malignancy, dendritic cell deficiency or dysfunction would be expected to have clinical consequences. Recent findings Human dendritic cell deficiency disorders, related to GATA binding protein 2 (GATA2) and interferon regulatory factor 8 (IRF8) mutations, have highlighted the importance of dendritic cells and monocytes in primary immunodeficiency diseases and begun to shed light on their nonredundant roles in host defense and immune regulation in vivo. The contribution of dendritic cell and monocyte dysfunction to the pathogenesis of primary immunodeficiency disease phenotypes is becoming increasingly apparent. However, dendritic cell analysis is not yet a routine part of primary immunodeficiency disease workup. Summary Widespread uptake of dendritic cell/monocyte screening in clinical practice will facilitate the discovery of novel dendritic cell and monocyte disorders as well as advancing our understanding of human dendritic cell biology in health and disease.
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81
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Karmaus PWF, Herrada AA, Guy C, Neale G, Dhungana Y, Long L, Vogel P, Avila J, Clish CB, Chi H. Critical roles of mTORC1 signaling and metabolic reprogramming for M-CSF-mediated myelopoiesis. J Exp Med 2017; 214:2629-2647. [PMID: 28784627 PMCID: PMC5584119 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20161855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2016] [Revised: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Karmaus et al. show that loss of mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) signaling impairs myelopoiesis. M-CSF–dependent myelopoiesis requires mTORC1 signaling and anabolic metabolism, which in turn promote expression of M-CSFR and transcription factors PU.1 and IRF8, thereby constituting a feed-forward loop for myelopoiesis. Myelopoiesis is necessary for the generation of mature myeloid cells during homeostatic turnover and immunological insults; however, the metabolic requirements for this process remain poorly defined. Here, we demonstrate that myelopoiesis, including monocyte and macrophage differentiation, requires mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) signaling and anabolic metabolism. Loss of mTORC1 impaired myelopoiesis under steady state and dampened innate immune responses against Listeria monocytogenes infection. Stimulation of hematopoietic progenitors with macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) resulted in mTORC1-dependent anabolic metabolism, which in turn promoted expression of M-CSF receptor and transcription factors PU.1 and IRF8, thereby constituting a feed-forward loop for myelopoiesis. Mechanistically, mTORC1 engaged glucose metabolism and initiated a transcriptional program involving Myc activation and sterol biosynthesis after M-CSF stimulation. Perturbation of glucose metabolism or disruption of Myc function or sterol biosynthesis impaired myeloid differentiation. Integrative metabolomic and genomic profiling further identified one-carbon metabolism as a central node in mTORC1-dependent myelopoiesis. Therefore, the interplay between mTORC1 signaling and metabolic reprogramming underlies M-CSF–induced myelopoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peer W F Karmaus
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - Andrés A Herrada
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - Cliff Guy
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - Geoffrey Neale
- Hartwell Center for Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - Yogesh Dhungana
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - Lingyun Long
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - Peter Vogel
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - Julian Avila
- Metabolomics Platform, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA
| | - Clary B Clish
- Metabolomics Platform, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA
| | - Hongbo Chi
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
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82
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Sichien D, Lambrecht BN, Guilliams M, Scott CL. Development of conventional dendritic cells: from common bone marrow progenitors to multiple subsets in peripheral tissues. Mucosal Immunol 2017; 10:831-844. [PMID: 28198365 DOI: 10.1038/mi.2017.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2016] [Accepted: 01/14/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Our understanding of conventional dendritic cell (cDC) development and the functional specializations of distinct subsets in the peripheral tissues has increased greatly in recent years. Here, we review cDC development from the distinct progenitors in the bone marrow through to the distinct cDC subsets found in barrier tissues, providing an overview of the different subsets described in each location. In addition, we detail the transcription factors and local signals that have been proposed to control this developmental process. Importantly, despite these significant advances, numerous questions remain to be answered regarding cDC development. For example, it remains unclear whether the different subsets described, such as the CD103+CD11b+ and CD103-CD11b+ cDCs in the intestines, truly represent different populations or rather distinct developmental or activation stages. Furthermore, whether distinct progenitors exist for these cDC subsets remains to be determined. Thus in the last part of this review we discuss what we believe will be the main questions facing the field for the coming years.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Sichien
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation and Mucosal Immunology, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - B N Lambrecht
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation and Mucosal Immunology, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, ErasmusMC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M Guilliams
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation and Mucosal Immunology, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - C L Scott
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation and Mucosal Immunology, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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83
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Lineage specification of human dendritic cells is marked by IRF8 expression in hematopoietic stem cells and multipotent progenitors. Nat Immunol 2017. [PMID: 28650480 PMCID: PMC5743223 DOI: 10.1038/ni.3789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The origin and specification of human dendritic cells (DCs) have not been investigated at clonal level. Using clonal assays combined with statistical computation to quantify the yield of granulocytes, monocytes, lymphocytes and three subsets of DCs from single human CD34+ progenitor cells, we show DC lineage specification occurs in parallel with myeloid and lymphoid lineages in HSCs, starting as a lineage bias defined by specific transcriptional programs correlated with the relative IRF8/PU.1 ratios, which is transmitted to most progeny and reinforced by FLT3L-driven IRF8 upregulation over division. We propose a model in which DC lineage specification is driven by parallel and inheritable transcriptional programs in HSCs, and reinforced over cell division by recursive interaction between transcriptional programs and extrinsic signals.
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84
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Redd PS, Ibrahim ML, Klement JD, Sharman SK, Paschall AV, Yang D, Nayak-Kapoor A, Liu K. SETD1B Activates iNOS Expression in Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells. Cancer Res 2017; 77:2834-2843. [PMID: 28381543 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-16-2238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2016] [Revised: 09/19/2016] [Accepted: 03/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) generates nitric oxide (NO) in myeloid cells that acts as a defense mechanism to suppress invading microorganisms or neoplastic cells. In tumor-bearing mice, elevated iNOS expression is a hallmark of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC). MDSCs use NO to nitrate both the T-cell receptor and STAT1, thus inhibiting T-cell activation and the antitumor immune response. The molecular mechanisms underlying iNOS expression and regulation in tumor-induced MDSCs are unknown. We report here that deficiency in IRF8 results in diminished iNOS expression in both mature CD11b+Gr1- and immature CD11b+Gr1+ myeloid cells in vivo Strikingly, although IRF8 was silenced in tumor-induced MDSCs, iNOS expression was significantly elevated in tumor-induced MDSCs, suggesting that the expression of iNOS is regulated by an IRF8-independent mechanism under pathologic conditions. Furthermore, tumor-induced MDSCs exhibited diminished STAT1 and NF-κB Rel protein levels, the essential inducers of iNOS in myeloid cells. Instead, tumor-induced MDSCs showed increased SETD1B expression as compared with their cellular equivalents in tumor-free mice. Chromatin immunoprecipitation revealed that H3K4me3, the target of SETD1B, was enriched at the nos2 promoter in tumor-induced MDSCs, and inhibition or silencing of SETD1B diminished iNOS expression in tumor-induced MDSCs. Our results show how tumor cells use the SETD1B-H3K4me3 epigenetic axis to bypass a normal role for IRF8 expression in activating iNOS expression in MDSCs when they are generated under pathologic conditions. Cancer Res; 77(11); 2834-43. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priscilla S Redd
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, Georgia.,Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia.,Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Mohammed L Ibrahim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, Georgia.,Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - John D Klement
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, Georgia.,Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Sarah K Sharman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, Georgia.,Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Amy V Paschall
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, Georgia.,Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia.,Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Dafeng Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, Georgia.,Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Asha Nayak-Kapoor
- Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia.,Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Kebin Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, Georgia. .,Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia.,Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, Georgia
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85
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Netherby CS, Messmer MN, Burkard-Mandel L, Colligan S, Miller A, Cortes Gomez E, Wang J, Nemeth MJ, Abrams SI. The Granulocyte Progenitor Stage Is a Key Target of IRF8-Mediated Regulation of Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cell Production. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 198:4129-4139. [PMID: 28356386 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1601722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Alterations in myelopoiesis are common across various tumor types, resulting in immature populations termed myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs). MDSC burden correlates with poorer clinical outcomes, credited to their ability to suppress antitumor immunity. MDSCs consist of two major subsets, monocytic and polymorphonuclear (PMN). Intriguingly, the latter subset predominates in many patients and tumor models, although the mechanisms favoring PMN-MDSC responses remain poorly understood. Ordinarily, lineage-restricted transcription factors regulate myelopoiesis that collectively dictate cell fate. One integral player is IFN regulatory factor (IRF)-8, which promotes monocyte/dendritic cell differentiation while limiting granulocyte development. We recently showed that IRF8 inversely controls MDSC burden in tumor models, particularly the PMN-MDSC subset. However, where IRF8 acts in the pathway of myeloid differentiation to influence PMN-MDSC production has remained unknown. In this study, we showed that: 1) tumor growth was associated with a selective expansion of newly defined IRF8lo granulocyte progenitors (GPs); 2) tumor-derived GPs had an increased ability to form PMN-MDSCs; 3) tumor-derived GPs shared gene expression patterns with IRF8-/- GPs, suggesting that IRF8 loss underlies GP expansion; and 4) enforced IRF8 overexpression in vivo selectively constrained tumor-induced GP expansion. These findings support the hypothesis that PMN-MDSCs result from selective expansion of IRF8lo GPs, and that strategies targeting IRF8 expression may limit their load to improve immunotherapy efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colleen S Netherby
- Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263
| | - Michelle N Messmer
- Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263
| | | | - Sean Colligan
- Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263
| | - Austin Miller
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263; and
| | - Eduardo Cortes Gomez
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263; and
| | - Jianmin Wang
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263; and
| | - Michael J Nemeth
- Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263.,Department of Medicine, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263
| | - Scott I Abrams
- Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263;
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86
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Human haematopoietic stem cell lineage commitment is a continuous process. Nat Cell Biol 2017; 19:271-281. [PMID: 28319093 PMCID: PMC5496982 DOI: 10.1038/ncb3493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 606] [Impact Index Per Article: 86.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Blood formation is believed to occur through step-wise progression of haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) following a tree-like hierarchy of oligo-, bi- and unipotent progenitors. However, this model is based on the analysis of predefined flow-sorted cell populations. Here we integrated flow cytometric, transcriptomic and functional data at single-cell resolution to quantitatively map early differentiation of human HSCs towards lineage commitment. During homeostasis, individual HSCs gradually acquire lineage biases along multiple directions without passing through discrete hierarchically organized progenitor populations. Instead, unilineage-restricted cells emerge directly from a “Continuum of LOw primed UnDifferentiated hematopoietic stem- and progenitor cells” (CLOUD-HSPCs). Distinct gene expression modules operate in a combinatorial manner to control stemness, early lineage priming and the subsequent progression into all major branches of haematopoiesis. These data reveal a continuous landscape of human steady state haematopoiesis downstream of HSCs and provide a basis for the understanding of hematopoietic malignancies.
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87
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Netherby CS, Abrams SI. Mechanisms overseeing myeloid-derived suppressor cell production in neoplastic disease. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2017; 66:989-996. [PMID: 28224211 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-017-1963-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Accepted: 01/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Perturbations in myeloid cell differentiation are common in neoplasia, culminating in immature populations known as myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs). MDSCs favor tumor progression due to their ability to suppress host immunity or promote invasion and metastasis. They are thought to originate from the bone marrow as a result of exposure to stromal- or circulating tumor-derived factors (TDFs). Although great interest has been placed on understanding how MDSCs function, less is known regarding how MDSCs develop at a transcriptional level. Our work explores the premise that MDSCs arise because cancer cells, through the production of certain TDFs, inhibit the expression of interferon regulatory factor-8 (IRF8) that is ordinarily essential for controlling fundamental properties of myeloid cell differentiation. Our interest in IRF8 has been based on the following rationale. First, it is well-recognized that IRF8 is a 'master regulator' of normal myelopoiesis, critical not only for producing monocytes, dendritic cells (DCs), and neutrophils, but also for controlling the balance of all three major myeloid cell types. This became quite evident in IRF8-/- mice, whereby the loss of IRF8 leads to a disproportionate accumulation of neutrophils at the expense of monocytes and DCs. Second, we showed that such myeloid populations from IRF8-/- mice exhibit similar characteristics to MDSCs from tumor-bearing mice. Third, in a reciprocal fashion, we showed that enforced expression of IRF8 in the myeloid system significantly mitigates tumor-induced MDSC accumulation and improves immunotherapy efficacy. Altogether, these observations support the hypothesis that IRF8 is an integral negative regulator of MDSC biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colleen S Netherby
- Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA
| | - Scott I Abrams
- Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA.
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88
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Liu XF, Hummel M, Abecassis M. Epigenetic regulation of cellular and cytomegalovirus genes during myeloid cell development. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 3. [PMID: 28707002 DOI: 10.18103/imr.v3i3.385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Myeloid cells are important cell types that carry human cytomegalovirus. Latent viral DNA is present in CD34+ progenitor cells and their derived monocytes. However, differentiation of latently infected monocytes to mature macrophages or dendritic cells causes reactivation of latent viruses. During hematopoietic development, pluripotent genes are repressed, and lineage specific genes are activated in a step-wise manner. This process is governed by cell-type specific chromatin states. Enhancers in the hematopoietic system are highly dynamic and established by pioneer (first tier) transcription factors (TFs), which set the stage for second and third tier TF binding. In this review, we examine the epigenetic mechanisms that regulate myeloid cell development, cell identity, and activation with a special focus on factors that regulate viral gene expression and the status of viral infection in myeloid cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Feng Liu
- Comprehensive Transplant Center, Division of Organ Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60611
| | - Mary Hummel
- Comprehensive Transplant Center, Division of Organ Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60611
| | - Michael Abecassis
- Comprehensive Transplant Center, Division of Organ Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60611
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89
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Fernández JM, de la Torre V, Richardson D, Royo R, Puiggròs M, Moncunill V, Fragkogianni S, Clarke L, Flicek P, Rico D, Torrents D, Carrillo de Santa Pau E, Valencia A. The BLUEPRINT Data Analysis Portal. Cell Syst 2016; 3:491-495.e5. [PMID: 27863955 PMCID: PMC5919098 DOI: 10.1016/j.cels.2016.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Revised: 10/10/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The impact of large and complex epigenomic datasets on biological insights or clinical applications is limited by the lack of accessibility by easy, intuitive, and fast tools. Here, we describe an epigenomics comparative cyber-infrastructure (EPICO), an open-access reference set of libraries to develop comparative epigenomic data portals. Using EPICO, large epigenome projects can make available their rich datasets to the community without requiring specific technical skills. As a first instance of EPICO, we implemented the BLUEPRINT Data Analysis Portal (BDAP). BDAP provides a desktop for the comparative analysis of epigenomes of hematopoietic cell types based on results, such as the position of epigenetic features, from basic analysis pipelines. The BDAP interface facilitates interactive exploration of genomic regions, genes, and pathways in the context of differentiation of hematopoietic lineages. This work represents initial steps toward broadly accessible integrative analysis of epigenomic data across international consortia. EPICO can be accessed at https://github.com/inab, and BDAP can be accessed at http://blueprint-data.bsc.es.
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Affiliation(s)
- José María Fernández
- Structural Biology and BioComputing Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid 28029, Spain; Spanish Bioinformatics Institute INB-ISCIII ES-ELIXIR, Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Victor de la Torre
- Structural Biology and BioComputing Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid 28029, Spain; Spanish Bioinformatics Institute INB-ISCIII ES-ELIXIR, Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - David Richardson
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SD, UK
| | - Romina Royo
- Spanish Bioinformatics Institute INB-ISCIII ES-ELIXIR, Madrid 28029, Spain; Barcelona Supercomputing Center (BSC), Joint BSC-CRG-IRB, Research Program in Computational Biology, BSC - CRG - IRB, Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - Montserrat Puiggròs
- Barcelona Supercomputing Center (BSC), Joint BSC-CRG-IRB, Research Program in Computational Biology, BSC - CRG - IRB, Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - Valentí Moncunill
- Barcelona Supercomputing Center (BSC), Joint BSC-CRG-IRB, Research Program in Computational Biology, BSC - CRG - IRB, Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - Stamatina Fragkogianni
- Barcelona Supercomputing Center (BSC), Joint BSC-CRG-IRB, Research Program in Computational Biology, BSC - CRG - IRB, Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - Laura Clarke
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SD, UK
| | - Paul Flicek
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SD, UK
| | - Daniel Rico
- Structural Biology and BioComputing Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - David Torrents
- Barcelona Supercomputing Center (BSC), Joint BSC-CRG-IRB, Research Program in Computational Biology, BSC - CRG - IRB, Barcelona 08028, Spain; Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona 08010, Spain
| | | | - Alfonso Valencia
- Structural Biology and BioComputing Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid 28029, Spain; Spanish Bioinformatics Institute INB-ISCIII ES-ELIXIR, Madrid 28029, Spain.
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90
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Lu C, Redd PS, Lee JR, Savage N, Liu K. The expression profiles and regulation of PD-L1 in tumor-induced myeloid-derived suppressor cells. Oncoimmunology 2016; 5:e1247135. [PMID: 28123883 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2016.1247135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Revised: 09/27/2016] [Accepted: 10/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) is an inhibitory ligand that binds to PD-1 to suppress T cell activation. PD-L1 is constitutively expressed and inducible in tumor cells, but the expression profiles and regulatory mechanism of PD-L1 in myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are largely unknown. We report that PD-L1 is abundantly expressed in tumor-infiltrating leukocytes in human patients with both microsatellite instable and microsatellite stable colon cancer. About 60% CD11b+CD33+HLA-DR- MDSCs from peripheral blood of human colon cancer patients are PD-L1+. PD-L1+ MDSCs are also significantly higher in tumor-bearing mice than in tumor-free mice. Interestingly, the highest PD-L1+ MDSCs were observed in the tumor microenvironment in which 56-71% tumor-infiltrating MDSCs are PD-L1+in vivo. In contrast, PD-L1+ MDSCs are significantly less in secondary lymphoid organs and peripheral blood as compared to the tumor tissues, whereas bone marrow MDSCs are essentially PD-L1- in tumor-bearing mice. IFNγ is highly expressed in cells of the tumor tissues and IFNγ neutralization significantly decreased PD-L1+ MDSCs in the tumor microenvironment in vivo. However, IFNγ-activated pSTAT1 does not bind to the cd274 promoter in MDSCs. Instead, pSTAT1 activates expression of IRF1, IRF5, IRF7 and IRF8 in MDSCs, and only pSTAT1-activated IRF1 binds to a unique IRF-binding sequence element in vitro and chromatin in vivo in the cd274 promoter to activate PD-L1 transcription. Our data determine that PD-L1 is highly expressed in tumor-infiltrating MDSCs and in a lesser degree in lymphoid organs, and the pSTAT1-IRF1 axis regulates PD-L1 expression in MDSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunwan Lu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA, USA; Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Priscilla S Redd
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA, USA; Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA, USA; Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Jeffrey R Lee
- Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA, USA; Pathology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Natasha Savage
- Pathology, Medical College of Georgia , Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Kebin Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA, USA; Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA, USA; Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
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91
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Guo Y, Yang Z, Wu S, Xu P, Peng Y, Yao M. Inhibition of IRF8 Negatively Regulates Macrophage Function and Impairs Cutaneous Wound Healing. Inflammation 2016; 40:68-78. [DOI: 10.1007/s10753-016-0454-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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92
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Sichien D, Scott C, Martens L, Vanderkerken M, Van Gassen S, Plantinga M, Joeris T, De Prijck S, Vanhoutte L, Vanheerswynghels M, Van Isterdael G, Toussaint W, Madeira F, Vergote K, Agace W, Clausen B, Hammad H, Dalod M, Saeys Y, Lambrecht B, Guilliams M. IRF8 Transcription Factor Controls Survival and Function of Terminally Differentiated Conventional and Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells, Respectively. Immunity 2016; 45:626-640. [DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2016.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Revised: 06/13/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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93
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Kurotaki D, Tamura T. Transcriptional and Epigenetic Regulation of Innate Immune Cell Development by the Transcription Factor, Interferon Regulatory Factor-8. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2016; 36:433-41. [DOI: 10.1089/jir.2015.0138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Kurotaki
- Department of Immunology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Tomohiko Tamura
- Department of Immunology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
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94
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Mysm1 is required for interferon regulatory factor expression in maintaining HSC quiescence and thymocyte development. Cell Death Dis 2016; 7:e2260. [PMID: 27277682 PMCID: PMC5143390 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2016.162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2015] [Revised: 04/28/2016] [Accepted: 05/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Mysm1(-/-) mice have severely decreased cellularity in hematopoietic organs. We previously revealed that Mysm1 knockout impairs self-renewal and lineage reconstitution of HSCs by abolishing the recruitment of key transcriptional factors to the Gfi-1 locus, an intrinsic regulator of HSC function. The present study further defines a large LSKs in >8-week-old Mysm1(-/-) mice that exhibit increased proliferation and reduced cell lineage differentiation compared with those of WT LSKs. We found that IRF2 and IRF8, which are important for HSC homeostasis and commitment as transcription repressors, were expressed at lower levels in Mysm1(-/-) HSCs, and Mysm1 enhanced function of the IRF2 and IRF8 promoters, suggesting that Mysm1 governs the IRFs for HSC homeostasis. We further found that the lower expressions of IRF2 and IRF8 led to an enhanced transcription of p53 in Mysm1(-/-) HSCs, which was recently defined to have an important role in mediating Mysm1(-/-)-associated defects. The study also revealed that Mysm1(-/-) thymocytes exhibited lower IRF2 expression, but had higher Sca1 expression, which has a role in mediating thymocyte death. Furthermore, we found that the thymocytes from B16 melanoma-bearing mice, which display severe thymus atrophy at late tumor stages, exhibited reduced Mysm1 and IRF2 expression but enhanced Sca1 expression, suggesting that tumors may downregulate Mysm1 and IRF2 for thymic T-cell elimination.
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95
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Epigenetic regulation of neutrophil development and function. Semin Immunol 2016; 28:83-93. [PMID: 27084194 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2016.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2016] [Revised: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In addition to performing well-defined effector functions, neutrophils are now recognized as versatile and sophisticated cells with critical immunoregulatory roles. These include the release of a variety of proinflammatory or immunosuppressive cytokines, as well as the expression of genes with regulatory functions. Neutrophils share broad transcriptional features with monocytes, in keeping with the close developmental relation between the two cell types. However, neutrophil-specific gene expression patterns conferring cell type-specific responses to bacterial, viral or fungal components have been identified. Accumulating evidence suggest that these differences reflect the peculiar epigenomic and regulatory landscapes of neutrophils and monocytes, in turn controlled by the specific lineage-determining transcription factors shaping their identity. In this review, we will describe current knowledge on how neutrophil identity and function are controlled at the molecular level, focusing on transcriptional and chromatin regulation of neutrophil development and activation in response to inflammatory stimuli.
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96
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Sasaki H, Kurotaki D, Tamura T. Regulation of basophil and mast cell development by transcription factors. Allergol Int 2016; 65:127-134. [PMID: 26972050 DOI: 10.1016/j.alit.2016.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2015] [Revised: 01/26/2016] [Accepted: 01/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Basophils and mast cells play important roles in host defense against parasitic infections and allergic responses. Several progenitor populations, either shared or specific, for basophils and/or mast cells have been identified, thus elucidating the developmental pathways of these cells. Multiple transcription factors essential for their development and the relationships between them have been also revealed. For example, IRF8 induces GATA2 expression to promote the generation of both basophils and mast cells. The STAT5-GATA2 axis induces C/EBPα and MITF expression, facilitating the differentiation into basophils and mast cells, respectively. In addition, C/EBPα and MITF mutually suppress each other's expression. This review provides an overview of recent advances in our understanding of how transcription factors regulate the development of basophils and mast cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruka Sasaki
- Department of Immunology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Daisuke Kurotaki
- Department of Immunology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Tomohiko Tamura
- Department of Immunology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan.
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97
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Langlais D, Barreiro LB, Gros P. The macrophage IRF8/IRF1 regulome is required for protection against infections and is associated with chronic inflammation. J Exp Med 2016; 213:585-603. [PMID: 27001747 PMCID: PMC4821649 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20151764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2015] [Accepted: 02/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
IRF8 and IRF1 are transcriptional regulators that play critical roles in the development and function of myeloid cells, including activation of macrophages by proinflammatory signals such as interferon-γ (IFN-γ). Loss of IRF8 or IRF1 function causes severe susceptibility to infections in mice and in humans. We used chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing and RNA sequencing in wild type and inIRF8andIRF1mutant primary macrophages to systematically catalog all of the genes bound by (cistromes) and transcriptionally activated by (regulomes) IRF8, IRF1, PU.1, and STAT1, including modulation of epigenetic histone marks. Of the seven binding combinations identified, two (cluster 1 [IRF8/IRF1/STAT1/PU.1] and cluster 5 [IRF1/STAT1/PU.1]) were found to have a major role in controlling macrophage transcriptional programs both at the basal level and after IFN-γ activation. They direct the expression of a set of genes, the IRF8/IRF1 regulome, that play critical roles in host inflammatory and antimicrobial defenses in mouse models of neuroinflammation and of pulmonary tuberculosis, respectively. In addition, this IRF8/IRF1 regulome is enriched for genes mutated in human primary immunodeficiencies and with loci associated with several inflammatory diseases in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Langlais
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, H3G 0B1 Montreal, Quebec, Canada Complex Traits Group, McGill University, H3G 0B1 Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Luis B Barreiro
- Sainte Justine Hospital Research Centre, H3T 1C5 Montreal, Quebec, Canada Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, H3T 1J4 Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Philippe Gros
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, H3G 0B1 Montreal, Quebec, Canada Complex Traits Group, McGill University, H3G 0B1 Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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98
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Interferon regulatory factor 8 and the regulation of neutrophil, monocyte, and dendritic cell production. Curr Opin Hematol 2016; 23:11-7. [DOI: 10.1097/moh.0000000000000196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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99
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Murphy TL, Grajales-Reyes GE, Wu X, Tussiwand R, Briseño CG, Iwata A, Kretzer NM, Durai V, Murphy KM. Transcriptional Control of Dendritic Cell Development. Annu Rev Immunol 2015; 34:93-119. [PMID: 26735697 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-immunol-032713-120204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 294] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The dendritic cells (DCs) of the immune system function in innate and adaptive responses by directing activity of various effector cells rather than serving as effectors themselves. DCs and closely related myeloid lineages share expression of many surface receptors, presenting a challenge in distinguishing their unique in vivo functions. Recent work has taken advantage of unique transcriptional programs to identify and manipulate murine DCs in vivo. This work has assigned several nonredundant in vivo functions to distinct DC lineages, consisting of plasmacytoid DCs and several subsets of classical DCs that promote different immune effector modules in response to pathogens. In parallel, a correspondence between human and murine DC subsets has emerged, underlying structural similarities for the DC lineages between these species. Recent work has begun to unravel the transcriptional circuitry that controls the development and diversification of DCs from common progenitors in the bone marrow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa L Murphy
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, Missouri 63110;
| | - Gary E Grajales-Reyes
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, Missouri 63110;
| | - Xiaodi Wu
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, Missouri 63110;
| | - Roxane Tussiwand
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Carlos G Briseño
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, Missouri 63110;
| | - Arifumi Iwata
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, Missouri 63110;
| | - Nicole M Kretzer
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, Missouri 63110;
| | - Vivek Durai
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, Missouri 63110;
| | - Kenneth M Murphy
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, Missouri 63110; .,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, Missouri 63110
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100
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Hu L, Huang W, Hjort EE, Bei L, Platanias LC, Eklund EA. The Interferon Consensus Sequence Binding Protein (Icsbp/Irf8) Is Required for Termination of Emergency Granulopoiesis. J Biol Chem 2015; 291:4107-20. [PMID: 26683374 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.681361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Emergency granulopoiesis occurs in response to infectious or inflammatory challenge and is a component of the innate immune response. Some molecular events involved in initiating emergency granulopoiesis are known, but termination of this process is less well defined. In this study, we found that the interferon consensus sequence binding protein (Icsbp/Irf8) was required to terminate emergency granulopoiesis. Icsbp is an interferon regulatory transcription factor with leukemia suppressor activity. Expression of Icsbp is decreased in chronic myeloid leukemia, and Icsbp(-/-) mice exhibit progressive granulocytosis with evolution to blast crisis, similar to the course of human chronic myeloid leukemia. In this study, we found aberrantly sustained granulocyte production in Icsbp(-/-) mice after stimulation of an emergency granulopoiesis response. Icsbp represses transcription of the genes encoding Fas-associated phosphatase 1 (Fap1) and growth arrest-specific 2 (Gas2) and activates genes encoding Fanconi C and F. After stimulation of emergency granulopoiesis, we found increased and sustained expression of Fap1 and Gas2 in bone marrow myeloid progenitor cells from Icsbp(-/-) mice in comparison with the wild type. This was associated with resistance to Fas-induced apoptosis and increased β-catenin activity in these cells. We also found that repeated episodes of emergency granulopoiesis accelerated progression to acute myeloid leukemia in Icsbp(-/-) mice. This was associated with impaired Fanconi C and F expression and increased sensitivity to DNA damage in bone marrow myeloid progenitors. Our results suggest that impaired Icsbp expression enhances leukemogenesis by deregulating processes that normally limit granulocyte expansion during the innate immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Hu
- From the Feinberg School of Medicine and
| | - Weiqi Huang
- From the Feinberg School of Medicine and the Jesse Brown Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois 60612
| | | | - Ling Bei
- From the Feinberg School of Medicine and the Jesse Brown Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois 60612
| | - Leonidas C Platanias
- From the Feinberg School of Medicine and the Jesse Brown Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois 60612 Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611 and
| | - Elizabeth A Eklund
- From the Feinberg School of Medicine and the Jesse Brown Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois 60612 Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611 and
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