51
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Ju Y, Guo H, Edman M, Hamm-Alvarez SF. Application of advances in endocytosis and membrane trafficking to drug delivery. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2020; 157:118-141. [PMID: 32758615 PMCID: PMC7853512 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2020.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Multidisciplinary research efforts in the field of drug delivery have led to the development of a variety of drug delivery systems (DDS) designed for site-specific delivery of diagnostic and therapeutic agents. Since efficient uptake of drug carriers into target cells is central to effective drug delivery, a comprehensive understanding of the biological pathways for cellular internalization of DDS can facilitate the development of DDS capable of precise tissue targeting and enhanced therapeutic outcomes. Diverse methods have been applied to study the internalization mechanisms responsible for endocytotic uptake of extracellular materials, which are also the principal pathways exploited by many DDS. Chemical inhibitors remain the most commonly used method to explore endocytotic internalization mechanisms, although genetic methods are increasingly accessible and may constitute more specific approaches. This review highlights the molecular basis of internalization pathways most relevant to internalization of DDS, and the principal methods used to study each route. This review also showcases examples of DDS that are internalized by each route, and reviews the general effects of biophysical properties of DDS on the internalization efficiency. Finally, options for intracellular trafficking and targeting of internalized DDS are briefly reviewed, representing an additional opportunity for multi-level targeting to achieve further specificity and therapeutic efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaping Ju
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, USC School of Pharmacy, USA
| | - Hao Guo
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, USC School of Pharmacy, USA
| | - Maria Edman
- Department of Ophthalmology, Roski Eye Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, USA
| | - Sarah F Hamm-Alvarez
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, USC School of Pharmacy, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, Roski Eye Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, USA.
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52
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de Winde CM, Munday C, Acton SE. Molecular mechanisms of dendritic cell migration in immunity and cancer. Med Microbiol Immunol 2020; 209:515-529. [PMID: 32451606 PMCID: PMC7395046 DOI: 10.1007/s00430-020-00680-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are a heterogeneous population of antigen-presenting cells that act to bridge innate and adaptive immunity. DCs are critical in mounting effective immune responses to tissue damage, pathogens and cancer. Immature DCs continuously sample tissues and engulf antigens via endocytic pathways such as phagocytosis or macropinocytosis, which result in DC activation. Activated DCs undergo a maturation process by downregulating endocytosis and upregulating surface proteins controlling migration to lymphoid tissues where DC-mediated antigen presentation initiates adaptive immune responses. To traffic to lymphoid tissues, DCs must adapt their motility mechanisms to migrate within a wide variety of tissue types and cross barriers to enter lymphatics. All steps of DC migration involve cell-cell or cell-substrate interactions. This review discusses DC migration mechanisms in immunity and cancer with a focus on the role of cytoskeletal processes and cell surface proteins, including integrins, lectins and tetraspanins. Understanding the adapting molecular mechanisms controlling DC migration in immunity provides the basis for therapeutic interventions to dampen immune activation in autoimmunity, or to improve anti-tumour immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte M de Winde
- Stromal Immunology Group, MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK.
| | - Clare Munday
- Stromal Immunology Group, MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Sophie E Acton
- Stromal Immunology Group, MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
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53
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Oliveira MMS, Westerberg LS. Cytoskeletal regulation of dendritic cells: An intricate balance between migration and presentation for tumor therapy. J Leukoc Biol 2020; 108:1051-1065. [PMID: 32557835 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.1mr0520-014rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are the main players in many approaches for cancer therapy. The idea with DC tumor therapy is to promote activation of tumor infiltrating cytotoxic T cells that kill tumor cells. This requires that DCs take up tumor Ag and present peptides on MHC class I molecules in a process called cross-presentation. For this process to be efficient, DCs have to migrate to the tumor draining lymph node and there activate the machinery for cross-presentation. In this review, we will discuss recent progress in understanding the role of actin regulators for control of DC migration and Ag presentation. The potential to target actin regulators for better DC-based tumor therapy will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana M S Oliveira
- Department of Microbiology Tumor and Cell Biology, Biomedicum, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lisa S Westerberg
- Department of Microbiology Tumor and Cell Biology, Biomedicum, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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54
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Fortuna I, Perrone GC, Krug MS, Susin E, Belmonte JM, Thomas GL, Glazier JA, de Almeida RMC. CompuCell3D Simulations Reproduce Mesenchymal Cell Migration on Flat Substrates. Biophys J 2020; 118:2801-2815. [PMID: 32407685 PMCID: PMC7264849 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2020.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal cell crawling is a critical process in normal development, in tissue function, and in many diseases. Quantitatively predictive numerical simulations of cell crawling thus have multiple scientific, medical, and technological applications. However, we still lack a low-computational-cost approach to simulate mesenchymal three-dimensional (3D) cell crawling. Here, we develop a computationally tractable 3D model (implemented as a simulation in the CompuCell3D simulation environment) of mesenchymal cells crawling on a two-dimensional substrate. The Fürth equation, the usual characterization of mean-squared displacement (MSD) curves for migrating cells, describes a motion in which, for increasing time intervals, cell movement transitions from a ballistic to a diffusive regime. Recent experiments have shown that for very short time intervals, cells exhibit an additional fast diffusive regime. Our simulations' MSD curves reproduce the three experimentally observed temporal regimes, with fast diffusion for short time intervals, slow diffusion for long time intervals, and intermediate time -interval-ballistic motion. The resulting parameterization of the trajectories for both experiments and simulations allows the definition of time- and length scales that translate between computational and laboratory units. Rescaling by these scales allows direct quantitative comparisons among MSD curves and between velocity autocorrelation functions from experiments and simulations. Although our simulations replicate experimentally observed spontaneous symmetry breaking, short-timescale diffusive motion, and spontaneous cell-motion reorientation, their computational cost is low, allowing their use in multiscale virtual-tissue simulations. Comparisons between experimental and simulated cell motion support the hypothesis that short-time actomyosin dynamics affects longer-time cell motility. The success of the base cell-migration simulation model suggests its future application in more complex situations, including chemotaxis, migration through complex 3D matrices, and collective cell motion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ismael Fortuna
- Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Gabriel C Perrone
- Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Monique S Krug
- Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Eduarda Susin
- Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Julio M Belmonte
- Biocomplexity Institute and Department of Intelligent Systems Engineering, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana; Department of Physics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina
| | - Gilberto L Thomas
- Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
| | - James A Glazier
- Biocomplexity Institute and Department of Intelligent Systems Engineering, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana
| | - Rita M C de Almeida
- Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia, Sistemas Complexos, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; Program de Pós Graduação em Bioinformática, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil.
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55
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The Scribble Complex PDZ Proteins in Immune Cell Polarities. J Immunol Res 2020; 2020:5649790. [PMID: 32411799 PMCID: PMC7210543 DOI: 10.1155/2020/5649790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
hScrib and hDlg belong to the PDZ family of proteins. Since the identification of these highly phylogenetically conserved scaffolds, an increasing amount of experiments has elucidated the roles of hScrib and hDlg in a variety of cell functions. Remarkably, their participation during the establishment of polarity in epithelial cells is well documented. Although the role of both proteins in the immune system is scantly known, it has become a growing field of investigation. Here, we summarize the interactions and functions of hScrib and hDlg1, which participate in diverse functions involving cell polarization in immune cells, and discuss their relevance in the immune cell biology. The fundamental role of hScrib and hDlg1 during the establishment of the immunological synapse, hence T cell activation, and the recently described role of hScrib in reactive oxygen species production in macrophages and of hDlg1 in cytokine production by dendritic cells highlight the importance of both proteins in immune cell biology. The expression of these proteins in other leukocytes can be anticipated and needs to be confirmed. Due to their multiple interaction domains, there is a wide range of possible interactions of hScrib and hDlg1 that remains to be explored in the immune system.
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56
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Chabaud M, Paillon N, Gaus K, Hivroz C. Mechanobiology of antigen‐induced T cell arrest. Biol Cell 2020; 112:196-212. [DOI: 10.1111/boc.201900093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Revised: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mélanie Chabaud
- Institut Curie‐PSL Research University INSERM U932 Paris France
- EMBL Australia Node in Single Molecule Science, School of Medical SciencesUniversity of New South Wales Sydney NSW Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular ImagingUniversity of New South Wales Sydney NSW Australia
| | - Noémie Paillon
- Institut Curie‐PSL Research University INSERM U932 Paris France
| | - Katharina Gaus
- EMBL Australia Node in Single Molecule Science, School of Medical SciencesUniversity of New South Wales Sydney NSW Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular ImagingUniversity of New South Wales Sydney NSW Australia
| | - Claire Hivroz
- Institut Curie‐PSL Research University INSERM U932 Paris France
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57
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Moreau HD, Lennon-Duménil AM, Pierobon P. “If you please… draw me a cell”. Insights from immune cells. J Cell Sci 2020; 133:133/5/jcs244806. [DOI: 10.1242/jcs.244806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Studies in recent years have shed light on the particular features of cytoskeleton dynamics in immune cells, challenging the classical picture drawn from typical adherent cell lines. New mechanisms linking the dynamics of the membrane–cytoskeleton interface to the mechanical properties of immune cells have been uncovered and shown to be essential for immune surveillance functions. In this Essay, we discuss these features, and propose immune cells as a new playground for cell biologists who try to understand how cells adapt to different microenvironments to fulfil their functions efficiently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hélène D. Moreau
- INSERM U932, Institut Curie, ANR-10-IDEX-0001-02 PSL and ANR-11-LABX-0043, 26 rue d'Ulm, 75248 Paris, Cedex 05, France
| | - Ana-Maria Lennon-Duménil
- INSERM U932, Institut Curie, ANR-10-IDEX-0001-02 PSL and ANR-11-LABX-0043, 26 rue d'Ulm, 75248 Paris, Cedex 05, France
| | - Paolo Pierobon
- INSERM U932, Institut Curie, ANR-10-IDEX-0001-02 PSL and ANR-11-LABX-0043, 26 rue d'Ulm, 75248 Paris, Cedex 05, France
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58
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Stankevicins L, Ecker N, Terriac E, Maiuri P, Schoppmeyer R, Vargas P, Lennon-Duménil AM, Piel M, Qu B, Hoth M, Kruse K, Lautenschläger F. Deterministic actin waves as generators of cell polarization cues. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:826-835. [PMID: 31882452 PMCID: PMC6969493 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1907845117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells "patrol" the human body to detect pathogens. In their search, dendritic cells perform a random walk by amoeboid migration. The efficiency of pathogen detection depends on the properties of the random walk. It is not known how the dendritic cells control these properties. Here, we quantify dendritic cell migration under well-defined 2-dimensional confinement and in a 3-dimensional collagen matrix through recording their long-term trajectories. We find 2 different migration states: persistent migration, during which the dendritic cells move along curved paths, and diffusive migration, which is characterized by successive sharp turns. These states exhibit differences in the actin distributions. Our theoretical and experimental analyses indicate that this kind of motion can be generated by spontaneous actin polymerization waves that contribute to dendritic cell polarization and migration. The relative distributions of persistent and diffusive migration can be changed by modification of the molecular actin filament nucleation and assembly rates. Thus, dendritic cells can control their migration patterns and adapt to specific environments. Our study offers an additional perspective on how dendritic cells tune their searches for pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiza Stankevicins
- Bio Interfaces, Leibniz Institute for New Materials, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Nicolas Ecker
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Theoretical Physics, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Emmanuel Terriac
- Bio Interfaces, Leibniz Institute for New Materials, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Paolo Maiuri
- International Foundations of Medicine (IFOM), The Fondazione Italiana per la Ricerca sul Cancro (FIRC) Institute of Molecular Oncology, 20139 Milano, Italy
| | - Rouven Schoppmeyer
- Department of Biophysics, Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Pablo Vargas
- INSERM U932, Institut Curie, 75005 Paris, France
- CNRS UMR144, Institut Curie, 75005 Paris, France
| | | | - Matthieu Piel
- Institut Curie, CNRS, UMR 144, Université Paris Sciences et Lettres (PSL) Research University, 75005 Paris, France
- Institut Pierre-Gilles de Gennes, PSL Research University, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Bin Qu
- International Foundations of Medicine (IFOM), The Fondazione Italiana per la Ricerca sul Cancro (FIRC) Institute of Molecular Oncology, 20139 Milano, Italy
| | - Markus Hoth
- Department of Biophysics, Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Karsten Kruse
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Theoretical Physics, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
- National Center for Competence in Research Chemical Biology, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Franziska Lautenschläger
- Bio Interfaces, Leibniz Institute for New Materials, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany;
- Department of Natural Sciences, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
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59
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Small Molecule Effectors of Myosin Function. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1239:61-84. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-38062-5_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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60
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Novel morphometric analysis of higher order structure of human radial peri-papillary capillaries: relevance to retinal perfusion efficiency and age. Sci Rep 2019; 9:13464. [PMID: 31530831 PMCID: PMC6748979 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-49443-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 08/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
We apply novel analyses to images of superficial capillaries that are located near and around the optic disc of the human retina: the radial peri-papillary capillaries (RPCs). Due to their unique perfusion of the nerve fibre layer the RPCs are particularly significant for optic-neuropathies. The inputs to the analysis were z-stacks from 3D confocal fluorescence microscopy from 62 human retinas aged 9 to 84 years. Our aim was to find morphometric correlates of age. The retinas had no ophthalmic history. The analysis was undertaken in two stages: (1) converting the z-stacks to 3D tubular networks of vessels, and (2) characterizing the tubular networks using features derived from the Minkowski functionals (MFs). The MFs measure: the capillary volume, surface area, mean breadth, and Euler number. The mean breadth is related to tortuosity, wall shear stress and resistance to flow, and the Euler number is related to the density of loops (collaterals). Features derived from the surface area, mean breadth and Euler number were most related to age (all p ≤ 0.006). The results indicate the importance of pressure-equalizing loops and tortuosity as quantitative measures related to perfusion efficiency. The novel morphometric analysis could quantify disease-related accelerated aging and vessel malformation.
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61
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Simu-dependent clearance of dying cells regulates macrophage function and inflammation resolution. PLoS Biol 2019; 17:e2006741. [PMID: 31086359 PMCID: PMC6516643 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.2006741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages encounter and clear apoptotic cells during normal development and homeostasis, including at numerous sites of pathology. Clearance of apoptotic cells has been intensively studied, but the effects of macrophage-apoptotic cell interactions on macrophage behaviour are poorly understood. Using Drosophila embryos, we have exploited the ease of manipulating cell death and apoptotic cell clearance in this model to identify that the loss of the apoptotic cell clearance receptor Six-microns-under (Simu) leads to perturbation of macrophage migration and inflammatory responses via pathological levels of apoptotic cells. Removal of apoptosis ameliorates these phenotypes, while acute induction of apoptosis phenocopies these defects and reveals that phagocytosis of apoptotic cells is not necessary for their anti-inflammatory action. Furthermore, Simu is necessary for clearance of necrotic debris and retention of macrophages at wounds. Thus, Simu is a general detector of damaged self and represents a novel molecular player regulating macrophages during resolution of inflammation.
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62
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Liu S, Hao C, Bao L, Zhao D, Zhang H, Hou J, Wang D, Chen H, Feng F, Yao W. Silica Particles Mediate Phenotypic and Functional Alteration of Dendritic Cells and Induce Th2 Cell Polarization. Front Immunol 2019; 10:787. [PMID: 31068929 PMCID: PMC6491578 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
During silicosis, immune cells, including macrophages, T cells, B cells, and NK cells, participate in fibrosis development through alteration of the immune status. Dendritic cells (DCs) are professional antigen-presenting cells (APCs) with a key role in initiating immune responses and sustaining immune tolerance to maintain homeostasis. The relative contribution of DCs to silicosis progression is not well-documented. In the current study, we investigated the phenotypic and functional alterations of peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC)-derived DCs of Sprague-Dawley (SD) rat during immune responses to silica exposure. We established models for direct and indirect exposure of DCs to silica by either treating DCs with silica or coculturing them with alveolar macrophages (AMs) treated with silica, respectively. The functional activity of DCs was analyzed by measuring their expression of costimulatory molecules, fluorescent microparticle uptake, cytokine production, and ability to mediate T cell polarization in vitro. In vivo, we demonstrated that silica could induce DC migration in response to silica exposure. Our results show that cytokine production by DCs was increased in response to direct silica direct exposure, while indirect silica exposure led to reduced cytokine levels. Moreover, the phagocytic capacity of DCs increased in cocultures after silica exposure. Gene and protein expression analyses showed that silica exposure altered the expression levels of Toll-like receptor pathway proteins and inflammatory factors. DC surface expression of the costimulatory molecules, CD80, CD86, and major histocompatibility complex, was inhibited by exposure to silica, which mediated a Th2-polarizing response in vitro. In rats, silica exposure induced migration of DCs from the peripheral blood into the alveoli. These results demonstrate that direct and indirect exposure to silica particles alter the phenotype and function of DCs, thereby regulating immune responses. Such changes may contribute to the development of silicosis by altering DC phenotype, function, and migration and by influencing the balance between Th1 and Th2 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suna Liu
- Department of Henan Newborn Screening Center, Department of Pediatrics, Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Changfu Hao
- Department of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Lei Bao
- Department of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Dehua Zhao
- Department of Henan Newborn Screening Center, Department of Pediatrics, Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hongyi Zhang
- Hospital Infection Management, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Jianyong Hou
- Department of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Di Wang
- Department of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Huiting Chen
- Department of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Feifei Feng
- Department of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wu Yao
- Department of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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63
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Um E, Oh JM, Park J, Song T, Kim TE, Choi Y, Shin C, Kolygina D, Jeon JH, Grzybowski BA, Cho YK. Immature dendritic cells navigate microscopic mazes to find tumor cells. LAB ON A CHIP 2019; 19:1665-1675. [PMID: 30931468 DOI: 10.1039/c9lc00150f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are potent antigen-presenting cells with high sentinel ability to scan their neighborhood and to initiate an adaptive immune response. Whereas chemotactic migration of mature DCs (mDCs) towards lymph nodes is relatively well documented, the migratory behavior of immature DCs (imDCs) in tumor microenvironments is still poorly understood. Here, microfluidic systems of various geometries, including mazes, are used to investigate how the physical and chemical microenvironment influences the migration pattern of imDCs. Under proper degree of confinement, the imDCs are preferentially recruited towards cancer vs. normal cells, accompanied by increased cell speed and persistence. Furthermore, a systematic screen of cytokines, reveals that Gas6 is a major chemokine responsible for the chemotactic preference. These results and the accompanying theoretical model suggest that imDC migration in complex tissue environments is tuned by a proper balance between the strength of the chemical gradients and the degree of spatial confinement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eujin Um
- Center for Soft and Living Matter, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
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64
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Barbier L, Sáez PJ, Attia R, Lennon-Duménil AM, Lavi I, Piel M, Vargas P. Myosin II Activity Is Selectively Needed for Migration in Highly Confined Microenvironments in Mature Dendritic Cells. Front Immunol 2019; 10:747. [PMID: 31031752 PMCID: PMC6474329 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Upon infection, mature dendritic cells (mDCs) migrate from peripheral tissue to lymph nodes (LNs) to activate T lymphocytes and initiate the adaptive immune response. This fast and tightly regulated process is tuned by different microenvironmental factors, such as the physical properties of the tissue. Mechanistically, mDCs migration mostly relies on acto-myosin flow and contractility that depend on non-muscular Myosin IIA (MyoII) activity. However, the specific contribution of this molecular motor for mDCs navigation in complex microenvironments has yet to be fully established. Here, we identified a specific role of MyoII activity in the regulation of mDCs migration in highly confined microenvironments. Using microfluidic systems, we observed that during mDCs chemotaxis in 3D collagen gels under defined CCL21 gradients, MyoII activity was required to sustain their fast speed but not to orientate them toward the chemokine. Indeed, despite the fact that mDCs speed declined, these cells still migrated through the 3D gels, indicating that this molecular motor has a discrete function during their motility in this irregular microenvironment. Consistently, using microchannels of different sizes, we found that MyoII activity was essential to maintain fast cell speed specifically under strong confinement. Analysis of cell motility through micrometric holes further demonstrated that cell contractility facilitated mDCs passage only over very small gaps. Altogether, this work highlights that high contractility acts as an adaptation mechanism exhibited by mDCs to optimize their motility in restricted landscapes. Hence, MyoII activity ultimately facilitates their navigation in highly confined areas of structurally irregular tissues, contributing to the fine-tuning of their homing to LNs to initiate adaptive immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Barbier
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS, UMR 144, Paris, France.,Institut Pierre-Gilles de Gennes, PSL Research University, Paris, France.,Université Paris Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - Pablo J Sáez
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS, UMR 144, Paris, France.,Institut Pierre-Gilles de Gennes, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Rafaele Attia
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS, UMR 144, Paris, France.,Institut Pierre-Gilles de Gennes, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | | | - Ido Lavi
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS, UMR 144, Paris, France.,Institut Pierre-Gilles de Gennes, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Matthieu Piel
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS, UMR 144, Paris, France.,Institut Pierre-Gilles de Gennes, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Pablo Vargas
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS, UMR 144, Paris, France.,Institut Pierre-Gilles de Gennes, PSL Research University, Paris, France
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65
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Macropinocytosis Overcomes Directional Bias in Dendritic Cells Due to Hydraulic Resistance and Facilitates Space Exploration. Dev Cell 2019; 49:171-188.e5. [PMID: 30982662 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2019.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Revised: 12/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The migration of immune cells can be guided by physical cues imposed by the environment, such as geometry, rigidity, or hydraulic resistance (HR). Neutrophils preferentially follow paths of least HR in vitro, a phenomenon known as barotaxis. The mechanisms and physiological relevance of barotaxis remain unclear. We show that barotaxis results from the amplification of a small force imbalance by the actomyosin cytoskeleton, resulting in biased directional choices. In immature dendritic cells (DCs), actomyosin is recruited to the cell front to build macropinosomes. These cells are therefore insensitive to HR, as macropinocytosis allows fluid transport across these cells. This may enhance their space exploration capacity in vivo. Conversely, mature DCs down-regulate macropinocytosis and are thus barotactic. Modeling suggests that HR may help guide these cells to lymph nodes where they initiate immune responses. Hence, DCs can either overcome or capitalize on the physical obstacles they encounter, helping their immune-surveillance function.
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66
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Modelling actin polymerization: the effect on confined cell migration. Biomech Model Mechanobiol 2019; 18:1177-1187. [PMID: 30843134 PMCID: PMC6647863 DOI: 10.1007/s10237-019-01136-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this work is to model cell motility under conditions of mechanical confinement. This cell migration mode may occur in extravasation of tumour and neutrophil-like cells. Cell migration is the result of the complex action of different forces exerted by the interplay between myosin contractility forces and actin processes. Here, we propose and implement a finite element model of the confined migration of a single cell. In this model, we consider the effects of actin and myosin in cell motility. Both filament and globular actin are modelled. We model the cell considering cytoplasm and nucleus with different mechanical properties. The migration speed in the simulation is around 0.1 μm/min, which is in agreement with existing literature. From our simulation, we observe that the nucleus size has an important role in cell migration inside the channel. In the simulation the cell moves further when the nucleus is smaller. However, this speed is less sensitive to nucleus stiffness. The results show that the cell displacement is lower when the nucleus is stiffer. The degree of adhesion between the channel walls and the cell is also very important in confined migration. We observe an increment of cell velocity when the friction coefficient is higher.
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67
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Chakraborty A, Boer JC, Selomulya C, Plebanski M, Royce SG. Insights into endotoxin-mediated lung inflammation and future treatment strategies. Expert Rev Respir Med 2018; 12:941-955. [PMID: 30221563 DOI: 10.1080/17476348.2018.1523009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Airway inflammatory disorders are prevalent diseases in need of better management and new therapeutics. Immunotherapies offer a solution to the problem of corticosteroid resistance. Areas covered: The current review focuses on lipopolysaccharide (Gram-negative bacterial endotoxin)-mediated inflammation in the lung and the animal models used to study related diseases. Endotoxin-induced lung pathology is usually initiated by antigen presenting cells (APC). We will discuss different subsets of APC including lung dendritic cells and macrophages, and their role in responding to endotoxin and environmental challenges. Expert commentary: The pharmacotherapeutic considerations to combat airway inflammation should cost-effectively improve quality of life with sustainable and safe strategies. Selectively targeting APCs in the lung offer the potential for a promising new strategy for the better management and treatment of inflammatory lung disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amlan Chakraborty
- a Department of Chemical Engineering , Monash University , Clayton , Australia.,b Department of Immunology and Pathology , Central Clinical School, Monash University , Melbourne , Australia
| | - Jennifer C Boer
- b Department of Immunology and Pathology , Central Clinical School, Monash University , Melbourne , Australia
| | - Cordelia Selomulya
- a Department of Chemical Engineering , Monash University , Clayton , Australia
| | - Magdalena Plebanski
- b Department of Immunology and Pathology , Central Clinical School, Monash University , Melbourne , Australia.,c School of Health and Biomedical Sciences and Enabling Capability platforms, Biomedical and Health Innovation , RMIT University , Melbourne , Australia
| | - Simon G Royce
- d Central Clinical School , Monash University , Clayton , Victoria , Australia.,e Department of Pharmacology , Monash University , Clayton , Australia
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Najafi J, Shaebani MR, John T, Altegoer F, Bange G, Wagner C. Flagellar number governs bacterial spreading and transport efficiency. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2018; 4:eaar6425. [PMID: 30263953 PMCID: PMC6157962 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aar6425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Peritrichous bacteria synchronize and bundle their flagella to actively swim, while disruption of the bundle leads to a slow motility phase with a weak propulsion. It is still not known whether the number of flagella represents an evolutionary adaptation toward optimizing bacterial navigation. We study the swimming dynamics of differentially flagellated Bacillus subtilis strains in a quasi-two-dimensional system. We find that decreasing the number of flagella N f reduces the average turning angle between two successive run phases and enhances the run time and the directional persistence of the run phase. As a result, having fewer flagella is beneficial for long-distance transport and fast spreading, while having a lot of flagella is advantageous for the processes that require a slower spreading, such as biofilm formation. We develop a two-state random walk model that incorporates spontaneous switchings between the states and yields exact analytical expressions for transport properties, in remarkable agreement with experiments. The results of numerical simulations based on our two-state model suggest that the efficiency of searching and exploring the environment is optimized at intermediate values of N f. The optimal choice of N f, for which the search time is minimized, decreases with increasing the size of the environment in which the bacteria swim.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javad Najafi
- Center for Biophysics, Saarland University, 66041 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | | | - Thomas John
- Center for Biophysics, Saarland University, 66041 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Florian Altegoer
- Department of Chemistry and LOEWE Center for Synthetic Microbiology, Philipps University Marburg, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Gert Bange
- Department of Chemistry and LOEWE Center for Synthetic Microbiology, Philipps University Marburg, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Christian Wagner
- Center for Biophysics, Saarland University, 66041 Saarbrücken, Germany
- Physics and Materials Science Research Unit, University of Luxembourg, 1511 Luxembourg, Luxembourg
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69
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Edwards SS, Delgado MG, Nader GPDF, Piel M, Bellaïche Y, Lennon-Duménil AM, Glavic Á. An in vitro method for studying subcellular rearrangements during cell polarization in Drosophila melanogaster hemocytes. Mech Dev 2018; 154:277-286. [PMID: 30096416 DOI: 10.1016/j.mod.2018.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Revised: 08/04/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Thanks to the power of Drosophila genetics, this animal model has been a precious tool for scientists to uncover key processes associated to innate immunity. The fly immune system relies on a population of macrophage-like cells, also referred to as hemocytes, which are highly migratory and phagocytic, and can easily be followed in vivo. These cells have shown to play important roles in fly development, both at the embryonic and pupal stages. However, there is no robust assay for the study of hemocyte migration in vitro, which limits our understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved. Here, we contribute to fill this gap by showing that hemocytes adopt a polarized morphology upon ecdysone stimulation, allowing the study of the cytoskeleton rearrangements and organelle reorganization that take place during the first step of cell locomotion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Sofía Edwards
- Centro de Regulación del Genoma, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 7800024, Chile.
| | - María Graciela Delgado
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, INSERM U932 Immunité et Cancer, F-75248 Paris Cedex 05, France.
| | - Guilherme Pedreira de Freitas Nader
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS, UMR 144, F-75005 Paris, France; Institut Pierre-Gilles de Gennes, PSL Research University, F-75005 Paris, France.
| | - Matthieu Piel
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS, UMR 144, F-75005 Paris, France; Institut Pierre-Gilles de Gennes, PSL Research University, F-75005 Paris, France.
| | - Yohanns Bellaïche
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR 3215, INSERM U934, F-75248 Paris Cedex 05, France; Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS UMR 3215, INSERM U934, F-75005, France.
| | - Ana María Lennon-Duménil
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, INSERM U932 Immunité et Cancer, F-75248 Paris Cedex 05, France.
| | - Álvaro Glavic
- Centro de Regulación del Genoma, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 7800024, Chile.
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70
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Zehrer A, Pick R, Salvermoser M, Boda A, Miller M, Stark K, Weckbach LT, Walzog B, Begandt D. A Fundamental Role of Myh9 for Neutrophil Migration in Innate Immunity. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 201:1748-1764. [PMID: 30068598 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1701400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Neutrophils are the first leukocytes to arrive at sites of injury during the acute inflammatory response. To maintain the polarized morphology during migration, nonmuscle myosins class II are essential, but studies using genetic models to investigate the role of Myh9 for neutrophil migration were missing. In this study, we analyzed the functional role of Myh9 on neutrophil trafficking using genetic downregulation of Myh9 in Vav-iCre+/Myh9wt/fl mice because the complete knockout of Myh9 in the hematopoietic system was lethal. Migration velocity and Euclidean distance were significantly diminished during mechanotactic migration of Vav-iCre+/Myh9wt/fl neutrophils compared with Vav-iCre-/Myh9wt/fl control neutrophils. Similar results were obtained for transmigration and migration in confined three-dimensional environments. Stimulated emission depletion nanoscopy revealed that a certain threshold of Myh9 was required to maintain proper F-actin dynamics in the front of the migrating cell. In laser-induced skin injury and in acute peritonitis, reduced Myh9 expression in the hematopoietic system resulted in significantly diminished neutrophil extravasation. Investigation of bone marrow chimeric mice in the peritonitis model revealed that the migration defect was cell intrinsic. Expression of Myh9-EGFP rescued the Myh9-related defects in two-dimensional and three-dimensional migration of Hoxb8-SCF cell-derived neutrophils generated from fetal liver cells with a Myh9 knockdown. Live cell imaging provided evidence that Myh9 was localized in branching lamellipodia and in the uropod where it may enable fast neutrophil migration. In summary, the severe migration defects indicate an essential and fundamental role of Myh9 for neutrophil trafficking in innate immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annette Zehrer
- Walter Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine, University Hospital and Institute of Cardiovascular Physiology and Pathophysiology, Biomedical Center, LMU Munich, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany; and
| | - Robert Pick
- Walter Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine, University Hospital and Institute of Cardiovascular Physiology and Pathophysiology, Biomedical Center, LMU Munich, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany; and
| | - Melanie Salvermoser
- Walter Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine, University Hospital and Institute of Cardiovascular Physiology and Pathophysiology, Biomedical Center, LMU Munich, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany; and
| | - Annegret Boda
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, Klinikum der Universität, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Meike Miller
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, Klinikum der Universität, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Konstantin Stark
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, Klinikum der Universität, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Ludwig T Weckbach
- Walter Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine, University Hospital and Institute of Cardiovascular Physiology and Pathophysiology, Biomedical Center, LMU Munich, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany; and.,Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, Klinikum der Universität, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Barbara Walzog
- Walter Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine, University Hospital and Institute of Cardiovascular Physiology and Pathophysiology, Biomedical Center, LMU Munich, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany; and
| | - Daniela Begandt
- Walter Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine, University Hospital and Institute of Cardiovascular Physiology and Pathophysiology, Biomedical Center, LMU Munich, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany; and
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71
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Rauscher AÁ, Gyimesi M, Kovács M, Málnási-Csizmadia A. Targeting Myosin by Blebbistatin Derivatives: Optimization and Pharmacological Potential. Trends Biochem Sci 2018; 43:700-713. [PMID: 30057142 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2018.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Revised: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Blebbistatin is a widely used inhibitor of myosin 2 that enables the study of a broad range of cytoskeleton-related processes. However, blebbistatin has several limitations hindering its applicability: it is fluorescent, poorly water soluble, cytotoxic, and prone to (photo)degradation. Despite these adverse effects, being the only available myosin 2-specific inhibitor, blebbistatin is rather a choice of necessity. Blebbistatin has been modified to improve its properties and some of the new compounds have proven to be useful replacements of the original molecule. This review summarizes recent results on blebbistatin development. We also discuss the pharmacological perspectives of these efforts, as myosins are becoming promising drug target candidates for a variety of conditions ranging from neurodegeneration to muscle disease, wound healing, and cancer metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Á Rauscher
- Motor Pharmacology Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Máté Gyimesi
- Motor Pharmacology Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Mihály Kovács
- Motor Pharmacology Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary.
| | - András Málnási-Csizmadia
- Motor Pharmacology Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary.
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72
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Abstract
Precisely controlled cell deformations are key to cell migration, division and tissue morphogenesis, and have been implicated in cell differentiation during development, as well as cancer progression. In animal cells, shape changes are primarily driven by the cellular cortex, a thin actomyosin network that lies directly underneath the plasma membrane. Myosin-generated forces create tension in the cortical network, and gradients in tension lead to cellular deformations. Recent studies have provided important insight into the molecular control of cortical tension by progressively unveiling cortex composition and organization. In this Cell Science at a Glance article and the accompanying poster, we review our current understanding of cortex composition and architecture. We then discuss how the microscopic properties of the cortex control cortical tension. While many open questions remain, it is now clear that cortical tension can be modulated through both cortex composition and organization, providing multiple levels of regulation for this key cellular property during cell and tissue morphogenesis. Summary: A summary of the composition, architecture, mechanics and function of the cellular actin cortex, which determines the shape of animal cells, and, thus, provides the foundation for cell and tissue morphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyamvada Chugh
- MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK .,Institute for the Physics of Living Systems, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Ewa K Paluch
- MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK .,Institute for the Physics of Living Systems, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK.,Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3DY, UK
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73
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Bretou M, Sáez PJ, Sanséau D, Maurin M, Lankar D, Chabaud M, Spampanato C, Malbec O, Barbier L, Muallem S, Maiuri P, Ballabio A, Helft J, Piel M, Vargas P, Lennon-Duménil AM. Lysosome signaling controls the migration of dendritic cells. Sci Immunol 2018; 2:2/16/eaak9573. [PMID: 29079589 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.aak9573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Revised: 05/26/2017] [Accepted: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) patrol their environment by linking antigen acquisition by macropinocytosis to cell locomotion. DC activation upon bacterial sensing inhibits macropinocytosis and increases DC migration, thus promoting the arrival of DCs to lymph nodes for antigen presentation to T cells. The signaling events that trigger such changes are not fully understood. We show that lysosome signaling plays a critical role in this process. Upon bacterial sensing, lysosomal calcium is released by the ionic channel TRPML1 (transient receptor potential cation channel, mucolipin subfamily, member 1), which activates the actin-based motor protein myosin II at the cell rear, promoting fast and directional migration. Lysosomal calcium further induces the activation of the transcription factor EB (TFEB), which translocates to the nucleus to maintain TRPML1 expression. We found that the TRPML1-TFEB axis results from the down-regulation of macropinocytosis after bacterial sensing by DCs. Lysosomal signaling therefore emerges as a hitherto unexpected link between macropinocytosis, actomyosin cytoskeleton organization, and DC migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marine Bretou
- INSERM U932 Immunité et Cancer, Institut Curie, Paris Sciences & Lettres Research University, F-75248 Paris, Cedex 05, France.
| | - Pablo J Sáez
- INSERM U932 Immunité et Cancer, Institut Curie, Paris Sciences & Lettres Research University, F-75248 Paris, Cedex 05, France.,Institut Curie, Paris Sciences & Lettres Research University, CNRS, UMR 144, F-75005 Paris, France.,Institut Pierre-Gilles de Gennes, Paris Sciences & Lettres Research University, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Doriane Sanséau
- INSERM U932 Immunité et Cancer, Institut Curie, Paris Sciences & Lettres Research University, F-75248 Paris, Cedex 05, France
| | - Mathieu Maurin
- INSERM U932 Immunité et Cancer, Institut Curie, Paris Sciences & Lettres Research University, F-75248 Paris, Cedex 05, France
| | - Danielle Lankar
- INSERM U932 Immunité et Cancer, Institut Curie, Paris Sciences & Lettres Research University, F-75248 Paris, Cedex 05, France
| | - Melanie Chabaud
- INSERM U932 Immunité et Cancer, Institut Curie, Paris Sciences & Lettres Research University, F-75248 Paris, Cedex 05, France
| | - Carmine Spampanato
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), I-80078 Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy
| | - Odile Malbec
- INSERM U932 Immunité et Cancer, Institut Curie, Paris Sciences & Lettres Research University, F-75248 Paris, Cedex 05, France
| | - Lucie Barbier
- Institut Curie, Paris Sciences & Lettres Research University, CNRS, UMR 144, F-75005 Paris, France.,Institut Pierre-Gilles de Gennes, Paris Sciences & Lettres Research University, F-75005 Paris, France.,Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91405 Orsay, France
| | - Shmuel Muallem
- Epithelial Signaling and Transport Section, Molecular Physiology and Therapeutics Branch, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Paolo Maiuri
- Institut Curie, Paris Sciences & Lettres Research University, CNRS, UMR 144, F-75005 Paris, France.,Institut Pierre-Gilles de Gennes, Paris Sciences & Lettres Research University, F-75005 Paris, France.,Institute FIRC (Italian Foundation for Cancer Research) of Molecular Oncology (IFOM-FIRC), I-20139 Milano, Italy.,Istituto di Genetica Molecolare-Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (IGM-CNR), Via Abbiategrasso 207, I-27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Andrea Ballabio
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), I-80078 Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy.,Medical Genetics, Department of Translational Medicine, Federico II University, I-80131 Naples, Italy.,Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine and Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Julie Helft
- INSERM U932 Immunité et Cancer, Institut Curie, Paris Sciences & Lettres Research University, F-75248 Paris, Cedex 05, France
| | - Matthieu Piel
- Institut Curie, Paris Sciences & Lettres Research University, CNRS, UMR 144, F-75005 Paris, France.,Institut Pierre-Gilles de Gennes, Paris Sciences & Lettres Research University, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Pablo Vargas
- INSERM U932 Immunité et Cancer, Institut Curie, Paris Sciences & Lettres Research University, F-75248 Paris, Cedex 05, France. .,Institut Curie, Paris Sciences & Lettres Research University, CNRS, UMR 144, F-75005 Paris, France.,Institut Pierre-Gilles de Gennes, Paris Sciences & Lettres Research University, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Ana-Maria Lennon-Duménil
- INSERM U932 Immunité et Cancer, Institut Curie, Paris Sciences & Lettres Research University, F-75248 Paris, Cedex 05, France.
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74
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Vétillard M, Schlecht-Louf G. Glucocorticoid-Induced Leucine Zipper: Fine-Tuning of Dendritic Cells Function. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1232. [PMID: 29915587 PMCID: PMC5994841 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are key antigen-presenting cells that control the induction of both tolerance and immunity. Understanding the molecular mechanisms regulating DCs commitment toward a regulatory- or effector-inducing profile is critical for better designing prophylactic and therapeutic approaches. Initially identified in dexamethasone-treated thymocytes, the glucocorticoid-induced leucine zipper (GILZ) protein has emerged as a critical factor mediating most, but not all, glucocorticoids effects in both non-immune and immune cells. This intracellular protein exerts pleiotropic effects through interactions with transcription factors and signaling proteins, thus modulating signal transduction and gene expression. GILZ has been reported to control the proliferation, survival, and differentiation of lymphocytes, while its expression confers anti-inflammatory phenotype to monocytes and macrophages. In the past twelve years, a growing set of data has also established that GILZ expression in DCs is a molecular switch controlling their T-cell-priming capacity. Here, after a brief presentation of GILZ isoforms and functions, we summarize current knowledge regarding GILZ expression and regulation in DCs, in both health and disease. We further present the functional consequences of GILZ expression on DCs capacity to prime effector or regulatory T-cell responses and highlight recent findings pointing to a broader role of GILZ in the fine tuning of antigen capture, processing, and presentation by DCs. Finally, we discuss future prospects regarding the possible roles for GILZ in the control of DCs function in the steady state and in the context of infections and chronic pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathias Vétillard
- UMR996-Inflammation, Chimiokines et Immunopathologie, INSERM, Faculté de médecine, Univ Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Clamart, France
| | - Géraldine Schlecht-Louf
- UMR996-Inflammation, Chimiokines et Immunopathologie, INSERM, Faculté de médecine, Univ Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Clamart, France
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75
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Zaritsky A. Sharing and reusing cell image data. Mol Biol Cell 2018; 29:1274-1280. [PMID: 29851565 PMCID: PMC5994892 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e17-10-0606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Revised: 04/02/2018] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The rapid growth in content and complexity of cell image data creates an opportunity for synergy between experimental and computational scientists. Sharing microscopy data enables computational scientists to develop algorithms and tools for data analysis, integration, and mining. These tools can be applied by experimentalists to promote hypothesis-generation and discovery. We are now at the dawn of this revolution: infrastructure is being developed for data standardization, deposition, sharing, and analysis; some journals and funding agencies mandate data deposition; data journals publish high-content microscopy data sets; quantification becomes standard in scientific publications; new analytic tools are being developed and dispatched to the community; and huge data sets are being generated by individual labs and philanthropic initiatives. In this Perspective, I reflect on sharing and reusing cell image data and the opportunities that will come along with it.
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76
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Abstract
Cancer cell migration is essential for metastasis, during which cancer cells move through the tumor and reach the blood vessels. In vivo, cancer cells are exposed to contact guidance and chemotactic cues. Depending on the strength of such cues, cells will migrate in a random or directed manner. While similar cues may also stimulate cell proliferation, it is not clear whether cell cycle progression affects migration of cancer cells and whether this effect is different in random versus directed migration. In this study, we tested the effect of cell cycle progression on contact guided migration in 2D and 3D environments, in the breast carcinoma cell line, FUCCI-MDA-MB-231. The results were quantified from live cell microscopy images using the open source lineage editing and validation image analysis tools (LEVER). In 2D, cells were placed inside 10 μm-wide microchannels to stimulate contact guidance, with or without an additional chemotactic gradient of the soluble epidermal growth factor. In 3D, contact guidance was modeled by aligned collagen fibers. In both 2D and 3D, contact guidance was cell cycle-dependent, while the addition of the chemo-attractant gradient in 2D increased cell velocity and persistence in directionally migrating cells, regardless of their cell cycle phases. In both 2D and 3D contact guidance, cells in the G1 phase of the cell cycle outperformed cells in the S/G2 phase in terms of migration persistence and instantaneous velocity. These data suggest that in the presence of contact guidance cues in vivo, breast carcinoma cells in the G1 phase of the cell cycle may be more efficient in reaching the neighboring vasculature.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Edgar Cardenas De La Hoz
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Andrew R Cohen
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Bojana Gligorijevic
- Bioengineering department, College of Engineering, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA.,Cancer Biology Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19111, USA
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77
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Manich M, Hernandez-Cuevas N, Ospina-Villa JD, Syan S, Marchat LA, Olivo-Marin JC, Guillén N. Morphodynamics of the Actin-Rich Cytoskeleton in Entamoeba histolytica. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2018; 8:179. [PMID: 29896453 PMCID: PMC5986921 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2018.00179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Entamoeba histolytica is the anaerobic protozoan parasite responsible for human amoebiasis, the third most deadly parasitic disease worldwide. This highly motile eukaryotic cell invades human tissues and constitutes an excellent experimental model of cell motility and cell shape deformation. The absence of extranuclear microtubules in Entamoeba histolytica means that the actin-rich cytoskeleton takes on a crucial role in not only amoebic motility but also other processes sustaining pathogenesis, such as the phagocytosis of human cells and the parasite's resistance of host immune responses. Actin is highly conserved among eukaryotes, although diverse isoforms exist in almost all organisms studied to date. However, E. histolytica has a single actin protein, the structure of which differs significantly from those of its human homologs. Here, we studied the expression, structure and dynamics of actin in E. histolytica. We used molecular and cellular approaches to evaluate actin gene expression during intestinal invasion by E. histolytica trophozoites. Based on a three-dimensional structural bioinformatics analysis, we characterized protein domains differences between amoebic actin and human actin. Fine-tuned molecular dynamics simulations enabled us to examine protein motion and refine the three-dimensional structures of both actins, including elements potentially accounting for differences changes in the affinity properties of amoebic actin and deoxyribonuclease I. The dynamic, multifunctional nature of the amoebic cytoskeleton prompted us to examine the pleiotropic forms of actin structures within live E. histolytica cells; we observed the cortical cytoskeleton, stress fibers, "dot-like" structures, adhesion plates, and macropinosomes. In line with these data, a proteomics study of actin-binding proteins highlighted the Arp2/3 protein complex as a crucial element for the development of macropinosomes and adhesion plaques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Manich
- BioImaging Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.,Cell Biology of Parasitism Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | | | - Juan D Ospina-Villa
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Escuela Nacional de Medicina y Homeopatía, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Sylvie Syan
- Cell Biology of Parasitism Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Laurence A Marchat
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Escuela Nacional de Medicina y Homeopatía, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Nancy Guillén
- Cell Biology of Parasitism Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, CNRS-ERL9195, Paris, France
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78
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Moreau HD, Piel M, Voituriez R, Lennon-Duménil AM. Integrating Physical and Molecular Insights on Immune Cell Migration. Trends Immunol 2018; 39:632-643. [PMID: 29779848 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2018.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Revised: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The function of most immune cells depends on their ability to migrate through complex microenvironments, either randomly to patrol for the presence of antigens or directionally to reach their next site of action. The actin cytoskeleton and its partners are key conductors of immune cell migration as they control the intrinsic migratory properties of leukocytes as well as their capacity to respond to cues present in their environment. In this review we focus on the latest discoveries regarding the role of the actomyosin cytoskeleton in optimizing immune cell migration in complex environments, with a special focus on recent insights provided by physical modeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hélène D Moreau
- INSERM U932, Institut Curie, ANR-10-IDEX-0001-02 PSL* and ANR-11-LABX-0043, Paris, France.
| | - Matthieu Piel
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS, UMR 144, F-75005 Paris, France; Institut Pierre-Gilles de Gennes, PSL Research University, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Raphaël Voituriez
- Laboratoire Jean Perrin, UM 8237 CNRS/UPMC, 4 place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France
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79
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Sáez PJ, Sáez JC, Lennon-Duménil AM, Vargas P. Role of calcium permeable channels in dendritic cell migration. Curr Opin Immunol 2018; 52:74-80. [PMID: 29715579 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2018.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Revised: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Calcium ion (Ca2+) is an essential second messenger involved in multiple cellular and subcellular processes. Ca2+ can be released and sensed globally or locally within cells, providing complex signals of variable amplitudes and time-scales. The key function of Ca2+ in the regulation of acto-myosin contractility has provided a simple explanation for its role in the regulation of immune cell migration. However, many questions remain, including the identity of the Ca2+ stores, channels and upstream signals involved in this process. Here, we focus on dendritic cells (DCs), because their immune sentinel function heavily relies on their capacity to migrate within tissues and later on between tissues and lymphoid organs. Deciphering the mechanisms by which cytoplasmic Ca2+ regulate DC migration should shed light on their role in initiating and tuning immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo J Sáez
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS, UMR144, F-75005, France; Instittut Pierre-Gilles de Gennes, PSL Research University, F-75005, France.
| | - Juan C Sáez
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica, Santiago 6513677, Chile; Instituto Milenio, Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencias de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2360103, Chile
| | | | - Pablo Vargas
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS, UMR144, F-75005, France; Instittut Pierre-Gilles de Gennes, PSL Research University, F-75005, France.
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80
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Cougoule C, Lastrucci C, Guiet R, Mascarau R, Meunier E, Lugo-Villarino G, Neyrolles O, Poincloux R, Maridonneau-Parini I. Podosomes, But Not the Maturation Status, Determine the Protease-Dependent 3D Migration in Human Dendritic Cells. Front Immunol 2018; 9:846. [PMID: 29760696 PMCID: PMC5936769 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DC) are professional Antigen-Presenting Cells scattered throughout antigen-exposed tissues and draining lymph nodes, and survey the body for pathogens. Their ability to migrate through tissues, a 3D environment, is essential for an effective immune response. Upon infection, recognition of Pathogen-Associated Molecular Patterns (PAMP) by Toll-like receptors (TLR) triggers DC maturation. Mature DC (mDC) essentially use the protease-independent, ROCK-dependent amoeboid mode in vivo, or in collagen matrices in vitro. However, the mechanisms of 3D migration used by human immature DC (iDC) are still poorly characterized. Here, we reveal that human monocyte-derived DC are able to use two migration modes in 3D. In porous matrices of fibrillar collagen I, iDC adopted the amoeboid migration mode. In dense matrices of gelled collagen I or Matrigel, iDC used the protease-dependent, ROCK-independent mesenchymal migration mode. Upon TLR4 activation by LPS, mDC-LPS lose the capacity to form podosomes and degrade the matrix along with impaired mesenchymal migration. TLR2 activation by Pam3CSK4 resulted in DC maturation, podosome maintenance, and efficient mesenchymal migration. Under all these conditions, when DC used the mesenchymal mode in dense matrices, they formed 3D podosomes at the tip of cell protrusions. Using PGE2, known to disrupt podosomes in DC, we observed that the cells remained in an immature status and the mesenchymal migration mode was abolished. We also observed that, while CCL5 (attractant of iDC) enhanced both amoeboid and mesenchymal migration of iDC, CCL19 and CCL21 (attractants of mDC) only enhanced mDC-LPS amoeboid migration without triggering mesenchymal migration. Finally, we examined the migration of iDC in tumor cell spheroids, a tissue-like 3D environment. We observed that iDC infiltrated spheroids of tumor cells using both migration modes. Altogether, these results demonstrate that human DC adopt the mesenchymal mode to migrate in 3D dense environments, which relies on their capacity to form podosomes independent of their maturation status, paving the way of further investigations on in vivo DC migration in dense tissues and its regulation during infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Céline Cougoule
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, IPBS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Claire Lastrucci
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, IPBS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Romain Guiet
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, IPBS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Rémi Mascarau
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, IPBS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Etienne Meunier
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, IPBS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Geanncarlo Lugo-Villarino
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, IPBS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Olivier Neyrolles
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, IPBS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Renaud Poincloux
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, IPBS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Isabelle Maridonneau-Parini
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, IPBS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
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81
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Shutova MS, Svitkina TM. Mammalian nonmuscle myosin II comes in three flavors. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 506:394-402. [PMID: 29550471 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.03.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Nonmuscle myosin II is an actin-based motor that executes numerous mechanical tasks in cells including spatiotemporal organization of the actin cytoskeleton, adhesion, migration, cytokinesis, tissue remodeling, and membrane trafficking. Nonmuscle myosin II is ubiquitously expressed in mammalian cells as a tissue-specific combination of three paralogs. Recent studies reveal novel specific aspects of their kinetics, intracellular regulation and functions. On the other hand, the three paralogs also can copolymerize and cooperate in cells. Here we review the recent advances from the prospective of how distinct features of the three myosin II paralogs adapt them to perform specialized and joint tasks in the cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria S Shutova
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Tatyana M Svitkina
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
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82
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Juszczak GR, Stankiewicz AM. Glucocorticoids, genes and brain function. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2018; 82:136-168. [PMID: 29180230 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2017.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Revised: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 11/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The identification of key genes in transcriptomic data constitutes a huge challenge. Our review of microarray reports revealed 88 genes whose transcription is consistently regulated by glucocorticoids (GCs), such as cortisol, corticosterone and dexamethasone, in the brain. Replicable transcriptomic data were combined with biochemical and physiological data to create an integrated view of the effects induced by GCs. The most frequently reported genes were Errfi1 and Ddit4. Their up-regulation was associated with the altered transcription of genes regulating growth factor and mTORC1 signaling (Gab1, Tsc22d3, Dusp1, Ndrg2, Ppp5c and Sesn1) and progression of the cell cycle (Ccnd1, Cdkn1a and Cables1). The GC-induced reprogramming of cell function involves changes in the mRNA level of genes responsible for the regulation of transcription (Klf9, Bcl6, Klf15, Tle3, Cxxc5, Litaf, Tle4, Jun, Sox4, Sox2, Sox9, Irf1, Sall2, Nfkbia and Id1) and the selective degradation of mRNA (Tob2). Other genes are involved in the regulation of metabolism (Gpd1, Aldoc and Pdk4), actin cytoskeleton (Myh2, Nedd9, Mical2, Rhou, Arl4d, Osbpl3, Arhgef3, Sdc4, Rdx, Wipf3, Chst1 and Hepacam), autophagy (Eva1a and Plekhf1), vesicular transport (Rhob, Ehd3, Vps37b and Scamp2), gap junctions (Gjb6), immune response (Tiparp, Mertk, Lyve1 and Il6r), signaling mediated by thyroid hormones (Thra and Sult1a1), calcium (Calm2), adrenaline/noradrenaline (Adcy9 and Adra1d), neuropeptide Y (Npy1r) and histamine (Hdc). GCs also affected genes involved in the synthesis of polyamines (Azin1) and taurine (Cdo1). The actions of GCs are restrained by feedback mechanisms depending on the transcription of Sgk1, Fkbp5 and Nr3c1. A side effect induced by GCs is increased production of reactive oxygen species. Available data show that the brain's response to GCs is part of an emergency mode characterized by inactivation of non-core activities, restrained inflammation, restriction of investments (growth), improved efficiency of energy production and the removal of unnecessary or malfunctioning cellular components to conserve energy and maintain nutrient supply during the stress response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grzegorz R Juszczak
- Department of Animal Behavior, Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Jastrzebiec, ul. Postepu 36A, 05-552 Magdalenka, Poland.
| | - Adrian M Stankiewicz
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Jastrzebiec, ul. Postepu 36A, 05-552 Magdalenka, Poland
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83
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Loh JT, Su IH. Post-translational modification-regulated leukocyte adhesion and migration. Oncotarget 2018; 7:37347-37360. [PMID: 26993608 PMCID: PMC5095081 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2015] [Accepted: 02/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Leukocytes undergo frequent phenotypic changes and rapidly infiltrate peripheral and lymphoid tissues in order to carry out immune responses. The recruitment of circulating leukocytes into inflamed tissues depends on integrin-mediated tethering and rolling of these cells on the vascular endothelium, followed by transmigration into the tissues. This dynamic process of migration requires the coordination of large numbers of cytosolic and transmembrane proteins whose functional activities are typically regulated by post-translational modifications (PTMs). Our recent studies have shown that the lysine methyltransferase, Ezh2, critically regulates integrin signalling and governs the adhesion dynamics of leukocytes via direct methylation of talin, a key molecule that controls these processes by linking integrins to the actin cytoskeleton. In this review, we will discuss the various modes of leukocyte migration and examine how PTMs of cytoskeletal/adhesion associated proteins play fundamental roles in the dynamic regulation of leukocyte migration. Furthermore, we will discuss molecular details of the adhesion dynamics controlled by Ezh2-mediated talin methylation and the potential implications of this novel regulatory mechanism for leukocyte migration, immune responses, and pathogenic processes, such as allergic contact dermatitis and tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Tong Loh
- School of Biological Sciences, College of Science, Nanyang Technological University, Republic of Singapore
| | - I-Hsin Su
- School of Biological Sciences, College of Science, Nanyang Technological University, Republic of Singapore
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84
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Sáez PJ, Vargas P, Shoji KF, Harcha PA, Lennon-Duménil AM, Sáez JC. ATP promotes the fast migration of dendritic cells through the activity of pannexin 1 channels and P2X 7 receptors. Sci Signal 2017; 10:10/506/eaah7107. [PMID: 29162744 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aah7107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Upon its release from injured cells, such as infected, transformed, inflamed, or necrotic cells, extracellular adenosine-5'-triphosphate (ATP) acts as a danger signal that recruits phagocytes, such as neutrophils, macrophages, and dendritic cells (DCs), to the site of injury. The sensing of extracellular ATP occurs through purinergic (P2) receptors. We investigated the cellular mechanisms linking purinergic signaling to DC motility. We found that ATP stimulated fast DC motility through an autocrine signaling loop, which was initiated by the activation of P2X7 receptors and further amplified by pannexin 1 (Panx1) channels. Upon stimulation of the P2X7 receptor by ATP, Panx1 contributed to fast DC motility by increasing the permeability of the plasma membrane, which resulted in supplementary ATP release. In the absence of Panx1, DCs failed to increase their speed of migration in response to ATP, despite exhibiting a normal P2X7 receptor-mediated Ca2+ response. In addition to DC migration, Panx1 channel- and P2X7 receptor-dependent signaling was further required to stimulate the reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton. In vivo, functional Panx1 channels were required for the homing of DCs to lymph nodes, although they were dispensable for DC maturation. These data suggest that P2X7 receptors and Panx1 channels are crucial players in the regulation of DC migration to endogenous danger signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo J Sáez
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 6513677, Chile. .,INSERM U932 Immunité et Cancer, Institut Curie, Paris Sciences et Lettres (PSL) Research University, 12 Rue Lhomond, Paris 75005, France
| | - Pablo Vargas
- INSERM U932 Immunité et Cancer, Institut Curie, Paris Sciences et Lettres (PSL) Research University, 12 Rue Lhomond, Paris 75005, France.,CNRS UMR144, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, 12 Rue Lhomond, Paris 75005, France
| | - Kenji F Shoji
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 6513677, Chile
| | - Paloma A Harcha
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 6513677, Chile.,Instituto Milenio, Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencias de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2360103, Chile
| | - Ana-María Lennon-Duménil
- INSERM U932 Immunité et Cancer, Institut Curie, Paris Sciences et Lettres (PSL) Research University, 12 Rue Lhomond, Paris 75005, France.
| | - Juan C Sáez
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 6513677, Chile. .,Instituto Milenio, Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencias de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2360103, Chile
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85
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Critical role for PI3-kinase in regulating the use of proteins as an amino acid source. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:E8628-E8636. [PMID: 28973876 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1712726114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Ras-transformed cells can grow in amino acid-poor environments by recovering amino acids through macropinocytosis and lysosomal catabolism of extracellular proteins. However, when studying nontransformed fibroblasts, we found that Ras GTPases are dispensable for growth-factor-stimulated macropinocytosis and lysosomal catabolism of extracellular proteins. Instead, we establish a critical role for phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3-kinase) signaling in cell proliferation that is supported by protein macropinocytosis. Downstream of PI3-kinase, distinct effectors have opposing roles in regulating uptake and catabolism of extracellular proteins. Rac1 and PLC are required for nutritional use of extracellular proteins. In contrast, Akt suppresses lysosomal catabolism of ingested proteins when free amino acids are abundant. The interplay between these pathways allows cells with oncogenic PIK3CA mutations or PTEN deletion to grow using diverse amino acid sources. Thus, the prevalence of PI3-kinase and PTEN mutations in cancer may result in part because they allow cells to cope with fluctuating nutrient availability.
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86
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Abstract
Leukocytes can completely reorganize their cytoskeletal architecture within minutes. This structural plasticity, which facilitates their migration and communicative function, also enables them to exert a substantial amount of mechanical force against the extracellular matrix and the surfaces of interacting cells. In recent years, it has become increasingly clear that these forces have crucial roles in immune cell activation and subsequent effector responses. Here, I review our current understanding of how mechanical force regulates cell-surface receptor activation, cell migration, intracellular signalling and intercellular communication, highlighting the biological ramifications of these effects in various immune cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgan Huse
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, New York 10065, USA
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87
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Alvey CM, Spinler KR, Irianto J, Pfeifer CR, Hayes B, Xia Y, Cho S, Dingal PCPD, Hsu J, Smith L, Tewari M, Discher DE. SIRPA-Inhibited, Marrow-Derived Macrophages Engorge, Accumulate, and Differentiate in Antibody-Targeted Regression of Solid Tumors. Curr Biol 2017; 27:2065-2077.e6. [PMID: 28669759 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2017.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2017] [Revised: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Marrow-derived macrophages are highly phagocytic, but whether they can also traffic into solid tumors and engulf cancer cells is questionable, given the well-known limitations of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs). Here, SIRPα on macrophages from mouse and human marrow was inhibited to block recognition of its ligand, the "marker of self" CD47 on all other cells. These macrophages were then systemically injected into mice with fluorescent human tumors that had been antibody targeted. Within days, the tumors regressed, and single-cell fluorescence analyses showed that the more the macrophages engulfed, the more they accumulated within regressing tumors. Human-marrow-derived macrophages engorged on the human tumors, while TAMs were minimally phagocytic, even toward CD47-knockdown tumors. Past studies had opsonized tumors in situ with antibody and/or relied on mouse TAMs but had not injected SIRPα-inhibited cells; also, unlike past injections of anti-CD47, blood parameters remained normal and safe. Consistent with tumor-selective engorge-and-accumulate processes in vivo, phagocytosis in vitro inhibited macrophage migration through micropores that mimic features of dense 3D tissue. Accumulation of SIRPα-inhibited macrophages in tumors favored tumor regression for 1-2 weeks, but donor macrophages quickly differentiated toward non-phagocytic, high-SIRPα TAMs. Analyses of macrophages on soft (like marrow) or stiff (like solid tumors) collagenous gels demonstrated a stiffness-driven, retinoic-acid-modulated upregulation of SIRPα and the mechanosensitive nuclear marker lamin-A. Mechanosensitive differentiation was similarly evident in vivo and likely limited the anti-tumor effects, as confirmed by re-initiation of tumor regression by fresh injections of SIRPα-inhibited macrophages. Macrophage motility, phagocytosis, and differentiation in vivo are thus coupled.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cory M Alvey
- Molecular & Cell Biophysics Lab, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Graduate Group in Pharmacological Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Kyle R Spinler
- Molecular & Cell Biophysics Lab, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jerome Irianto
- Molecular & Cell Biophysics Lab, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Charlotte R Pfeifer
- Molecular & Cell Biophysics Lab, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Brandon Hayes
- Molecular & Cell Biophysics Lab, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Yuntao Xia
- Molecular & Cell Biophysics Lab, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Sangkyun Cho
- Molecular & Cell Biophysics Lab, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - P C P Dave Dingal
- Molecular & Cell Biophysics Lab, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jake Hsu
- Molecular & Cell Biophysics Lab, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Lucas Smith
- Molecular & Cell Biophysics Lab, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Manu Tewari
- Molecular & Cell Biophysics Lab, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Dennis E Discher
- Molecular & Cell Biophysics Lab, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Graduate Group in Pharmacological Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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88
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Vargas P, Barbier L, Sáez PJ, Piel M. Mechanisms for fast cell migration in complex environments. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2017. [PMID: 28641118 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2017.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Cell migration depends on a combination of the cell's intrinsic capacity to move and the proper interpretation of external cues. This multistep process enables leukocytes to travel long distances in organs in just a few hours. This fast migration is partly due to the leukocytes' high level of plasticity, which helps them to adapt to a changing environment. Here, we review recent progress in understanding the mechanisms used by leukocytes to move rapidly and efficiently in intricate anatomical landscapes. We shall focus on specific cytoskeletal rearrangements used by neutrophils and dendritic cells to migrate within confined environments. Lastly, we will describe the properties that facilitate the rapid migration of leukocyte in complex tissue geometries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Vargas
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS, UMR 144, F-75005 Paris, France; Institut Pierre-Gilles de Gennes, PSL Research University, F-75005 Paris, France.
| | - Lucie Barbier
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS, UMR 144, F-75005 Paris, France; Institut Pierre-Gilles de Gennes, PSL Research University, F-75005 Paris, France; Université Paris Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91405 Orsay, France
| | - Pablo José Sáez
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS, UMR 144, F-75005 Paris, France; Institut Pierre-Gilles de Gennes, PSL Research University, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Matthieu Piel
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS, UMR 144, F-75005 Paris, France; Institut Pierre-Gilles de Gennes, PSL Research University, F-75005 Paris, France
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89
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Chen FF, Lin HB, Li JC, Wang Y, Li J, Zhang DG, Yu WY. Grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus) invariant chain of the MHC class II chaperone protein associates with the class I molecule. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 63:1-8. [PMID: 28119143 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2017.01.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Revised: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The invariant chain (Ii) is an important immune molecule, as it assists major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II molecules to present antigenic peptides. The relationship between the Ii and MHC molecules in teleosts remains poorly understood. This study focused on the molecular structure of grass carp Ii (gIi), its organ distribution, correlations with gene transcription, and the association with MHC. gIi cDNA was cloned using designed degenerate primers and the rapid amplification of cDNA ends method (RACE). The gIi sequence was 92%-96% similar to that of other teleosts, but only 52%-67% similar to that of mammals, respectively. The gIi gene was distributed in all 12 organs examined by PCR. The gIi gene transcription levels were markedly higher in organs enriched with immune cells than in other organs (P < 0.01). Moreover, positive correlations were detected between transcription levels of the gIi and gMhcI or II genes in different organs (r = 8.415-8.523, P = 0.001). The gIi co-localized on endomembrane systems with either class I or II molecules in co-transfected cells observed by a laser confocal. Further testing confirmed that the gIi bound gMHCI and II molecules. Taken together, these results indicate that the gIi is associated with MHC class I and II molecules, suggesting homology of both MHC molecules.
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MESH Headings
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Animals
- Antigens, Differentiation, B-Lymphocyte/chemistry
- Antigens, Differentiation, B-Lymphocyte/genetics
- Antigens, Differentiation, B-Lymphocyte/metabolism
- Base Sequence
- Carps/genetics
- Carps/metabolism
- Cloning, Molecular
- DNA, Complementary/genetics
- DNA, Complementary/metabolism
- Female
- Fish Proteins/chemistry
- Fish Proteins/genetics
- Fish Proteins/metabolism
- Histocompatibility Antigens Class II/chemistry
- Histocompatibility Antigens Class II/genetics
- Histocompatibility Antigens Class II/metabolism
- Male
- Molecular Chaperones/chemistry
- Molecular Chaperones/genetics
- Molecular Chaperones/metabolism
- Organ Specificity
- Phylogeny
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Sequence Alignment/veterinary
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang-Fang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Zoonoses of Anhui Province, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, China
| | - Hai-Bin Lin
- Key Laboratory of Zoonoses of Anhui Province, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, China
| | - Jin-Chun Li
- Key Laboratory of Zoonoses of Anhui Province, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, China
| | - Yong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonoses of Anhui Province, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, China
| | - Juan Li
- Key Laboratory of Zoonoses of Anhui Province, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, China
| | - Da-Gan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonoses of Anhui Province, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, China
| | - Wei-Yi Yu
- Key Laboratory of Zoonoses of Anhui Province, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, China.
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90
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Aguilar-Cuenca R, Llorente-Gonzalez C, Vicente C, Vicente-Manzanares M. Microfilament-coordinated adhesion dynamics drives single cell migration and shapes whole tissues. F1000Res 2017; 6:160. [PMID: 28299195 PMCID: PMC5321130 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.10356.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell adhesion to the substratum and/or other cells is a crucial step of cell migration. While essential in the case of solitary migrating cells (for example, immune cells), it becomes particularly important in collective cell migration, in which cells maintain contact with their neighbors while moving directionally. Adhesive coordination is paramount in physiological contexts (for example, during organogenesis) but also in pathology (for example, tumor metastasis). In this review, we address the need for a coordinated regulation of cell-cell and cell-matrix adhesions during collective cell migration. We emphasize the role of the actin cytoskeleton as an intracellular integrator of cadherin- and integrin-based adhesions and the emerging role of mechanics in the maintenance, reinforcement, and turnover of adhesive contacts. Recent advances in understanding the mechanical regulation of several components of cadherin and integrin adhesions allow us to revisit the adhesive clutch hypothesis that controls the degree of adhesive engagement during protrusion. Finally, we provide a brief overview of the major impact of these discoveries when using more physiological three-dimensional models of single and collective cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocio Aguilar-Cuenca
- Universidad Autonoma de Madrid School of Medicine, Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Madrid, Spain
| | - Clara Llorente-Gonzalez
- Universidad Autonoma de Madrid School of Medicine, Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos Vicente
- Team of Cell Interactions in Plant Symbiosis, Faculty of Biology, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Vicente-Manzanares
- Universidad Autonoma de Madrid School of Medicine, Madrid, Spain; Team of Cell Interactions in Plant Symbiosis, Faculty of Biology, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
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91
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Siletti K. Ana-Maria Lennon-Duménil: A dynamic career. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 215:2-3. [PMID: 27738001 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.2151pi] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Lennon-Duménil uses quantitative biology to investigate the spatiotemporal regulation of antigen presentation.
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92
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Ufer F, Vargas P, Engler JB, Tintelnot J, Schattling B, Winkler H, Bauer S, Kursawe N, Willing A, Keminer O, Ohana O, Salinas-Riester G, Pless O, Kuhl D, Friese MA. Arc/Arg3.1 governs inflammatory dendritic cell migration from the skin and thereby controls T cell activation. Sci Immunol 2016; 1:eaaf8665. [PMID: 28783680 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.aaf8665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Skin-migratory dendritic cells (migDCs) are pivotal antigen-presenting cells that continuously transport antigens to draining lymph nodes and regulate immune responses. However, identification of migDCs is complicated by the lack of distinguishing markers, and it remains unclear which molecules determine their migratory capacity during inflammation. We show that, in the skin, the neuronal plasticity molecule activity-regulated cytoskeleton-associated protein/activity-regulated gene 3.1 (Arc/Arg3.1) was strictly confined to migDCs. Mechanistically, Arc/Arg3.1 was required for accelerated DC migration during inflammation because it regulated actin dynamics through nonmuscle myosin II. Accordingly, Arc/Arg3.1-dependent DC migration was critical for mounting T cell responses in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis and allergic contact dermatitis. Thus, Arc/Arg3.1 was restricted to migDCs in the skin and drove fast DC migration by exclusively coordinating cytoskeletal changes in response to inflammatory challenges. These findings commend Arc/Arg3.1 as a universal switch in migDCs that may be exploited to selectively modify immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Friederike Ufer
- Institut für Neuroimmunologie und Multiple Sklerose, Zentrum für Molekulare Neurobiologie Hamburg, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Pablo Vargas
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS, UMR 144, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Jan Broder Engler
- Institut für Neuroimmunologie und Multiple Sklerose, Zentrum für Molekulare Neurobiologie Hamburg, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Joseph Tintelnot
- Institut für Neuroimmunologie und Multiple Sklerose, Zentrum für Molekulare Neurobiologie Hamburg, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Benjamin Schattling
- Institut für Neuroimmunologie und Multiple Sklerose, Zentrum für Molekulare Neurobiologie Hamburg, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Hana Winkler
- Institut für Neuroimmunologie und Multiple Sklerose, Zentrum für Molekulare Neurobiologie Hamburg, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Simone Bauer
- Institut für Neuroimmunologie und Multiple Sklerose, Zentrum für Molekulare Neurobiologie Hamburg, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Nina Kursawe
- Institut für Neuroimmunologie und Multiple Sklerose, Zentrum für Molekulare Neurobiologie Hamburg, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Anne Willing
- Institut für Neuroimmunologie und Multiple Sklerose, Zentrum für Molekulare Neurobiologie Hamburg, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Oliver Keminer
- Fraunhofer-Institut für Molekularbiologie und Angewandte Oekologie IME, ScreeningPort, 22525 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ora Ohana
- Institut für Molekulare und Zelluläre Kognition, Zentrum für Molekulare Neurobiologie Hamburg, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Gabriela Salinas-Riester
- Microarray and Deep-Sequencing Core Facility, Universitätsmedizin Göttingen, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ole Pless
- Fraunhofer-Institut für Molekularbiologie und Angewandte Oekologie IME, ScreeningPort, 22525 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Dietmar Kuhl
- Institut für Molekulare und Zelluläre Kognition, Zentrum für Molekulare Neurobiologie Hamburg, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Manuel A Friese
- Institut für Neuroimmunologie und Multiple Sklerose, Zentrum für Molekulare Neurobiologie Hamburg, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany.
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93
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Caballero D, Comelles J, Piel M, Voituriez R, Riveline D. Ratchetaxis: Long-Range Directed Cell Migration by Local Cues. Trends Cell Biol 2016; 25:815-827. [PMID: 26615123 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2015.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2015] [Revised: 10/07/2015] [Accepted: 10/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Directed cell migration is usually thought to depend on the presence of long-range gradients of either chemoattractants or physical properties such as stiffness or adhesion. However, in vivo, chemical or mechanical gradients have not systematically been observed. Here we review recent in vitro experiments, which show that other types of spatial guidance cues can bias cell motility. Introducing local geometrical or mechanical anisotropy in the cell environment, such as adhesive/topographical microratchets or tilted micropillars, show that local and periodic external cues can direct cell motion. Together with modeling, these experiments suggest that cell motility can be viewed as a stochastic phenomenon, which can be biased by various types of local cues, leading to directional migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Caballero
- Laboratory of Cell Physics ISIS/IGBMC, CNRS and University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France; Development and Stem Cells Program, IGBMC, CNRS, INSERM and University of Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Jordi Comelles
- Laboratory of Cell Physics ISIS/IGBMC, CNRS and University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France; Development and Stem Cells Program, IGBMC, CNRS, INSERM and University of Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Matthieu Piel
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS, UMR 144, Bio6, F-75005, Paris, France.
| | - Raphaël Voituriez
- Laboratoire de Physique Théorique de la Matière Condensée, CNRS UMR 7600, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France; Laboratoire Jean Perrin, CNRS UMR 8237, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France.
| | - Daniel Riveline
- Laboratory of Cell Physics ISIS/IGBMC, CNRS and University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France; Development and Stem Cells Program, IGBMC, CNRS, INSERM and University of Strasbourg, Illkirch, France.
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94
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Liu X, Bretou M, Lennon-Duménil AM, Lemaître F, Guille-Collignon M. Indium Tin Oxide Microsystem for Electrochemical Detection of Exocytosis of Migratory Dendritic Cells. ELECTROANAL 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201600360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqing Liu
- Ecole normale supérieure; PSL Research University; UPMC Univ Paris 06 CNRS; Département de Chimie PASTEUR; 24, rue Lhomond 75005 Paris France
- Sorbonne Universités; UPMC Univ Paris 06, ENS, CNRS, PASTEUR; 75005 Paris France
| | - Marine Bretou
- INSERM U932; Inst Curie; 12, rue Lhomond 75005 Paris France
| | | | - Frédéric Lemaître
- Ecole normale supérieure; PSL Research University; UPMC Univ Paris 06 CNRS; Département de Chimie PASTEUR; 24, rue Lhomond 75005 Paris France
- Sorbonne Universités; UPMC Univ Paris 06, ENS, CNRS, PASTEUR; 75005 Paris France
| | - Manon Guille-Collignon
- Ecole normale supérieure; PSL Research University; UPMC Univ Paris 06 CNRS; Département de Chimie PASTEUR; 24, rue Lhomond 75005 Paris France
- Sorbonne Universités; UPMC Univ Paris 06, ENS, CNRS, PASTEUR; 75005 Paris France
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95
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Abstract
Macropinocytosis is a means by which eukaryotic cells ingest extracellular liquid and dissolved molecules. It is widely conserved amongst cells that can take on amoeboid form and, therefore, appears to be an ancient feature that can be traced back to an early stage of evolution. Recent advances have highlighted how this endocytic process can be subverted during pathology - certain cancer cells use macropinocytosis to feed on extracellular protein, and many viruses and bacteria use it to enter host cells. Prion and prion-like proteins can also spread and propagate from cell to cell through macropinocytosis. Progress is being made towards using macropinocytosis therapeutically, either to deliver drugs to or cause cell death by inducing catastrophically rapid fluid uptake. Mechanistically, the Ras signalling pathway plays a prominent and conserved activating role in amoebae and in mammals; mutant amoebae with abnormally high Ras activity resemble tumour cells in their increased capacity for growth using nutrients ingested through macropinocytosis. This Commentary takes a functional and evolutionary perspective to highlight progress in understanding and use of macropinocytosis, which is an ancient feeding process used by single-celled phagotrophs that has now been put to varied uses by metazoan cells and is abused in disease states, including infection and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gareth Bloomfield
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Robert R Kay
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK
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96
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Bretou M, Kumari A, Malbec O, Moreau HD, Obino D, Pierobon P, Randrian V, Sáez PJ, Lennon-Duménil AM. Dynamics of the membrane-cytoskeleton interface in MHC class II-restricted antigen presentation. Immunol Rev 2016; 272:39-51. [DOI: 10.1111/imr.12429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marine Bretou
- Inserm U932, Institut Curie; ANR-10-IDEX-0001-02 PSL* and ANR-11-LABX-0043; Paris France
| | - Anita Kumari
- Inserm U932, Institut Curie; ANR-10-IDEX-0001-02 PSL* and ANR-11-LABX-0043; Paris France
| | - Odile Malbec
- Inserm U932, Institut Curie; ANR-10-IDEX-0001-02 PSL* and ANR-11-LABX-0043; Paris France
| | - Hélène D. Moreau
- Inserm U932, Institut Curie; ANR-10-IDEX-0001-02 PSL* and ANR-11-LABX-0043; Paris France
| | - Dorian Obino
- Inserm U932, Institut Curie; ANR-10-IDEX-0001-02 PSL* and ANR-11-LABX-0043; Paris France
| | - Paolo Pierobon
- Inserm U932, Institut Curie; ANR-10-IDEX-0001-02 PSL* and ANR-11-LABX-0043; Paris France
| | - Violaine Randrian
- Inserm U932, Institut Curie; ANR-10-IDEX-0001-02 PSL* and ANR-11-LABX-0043; Paris France
| | - Pablo J. Sáez
- Inserm U932, Institut Curie; ANR-10-IDEX-0001-02 PSL* and ANR-11-LABX-0043; Paris France
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97
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Irimia D, Ellett F. Big insights from small volumes: deciphering complex leukocyte behaviors using microfluidics. J Leukoc Biol 2016; 100:291-304. [PMID: 27194799 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.5ru0216-056r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is an indispensable component of the immune response, and leukocytes provide the first line of defense against infection. Although the major stereotypic leukocyte behaviors in response to infection are well known, the complexities and idiosyncrasies of these phenotypes in conditions of disease are still emerging. Novel tools are indispensable for gaining insights into leukocyte behavior, and in the past decade, microfluidic technologies have emerged as an exciting development in the field. Microfluidic devices are readily customizable, provide tight control of experimental conditions, enable high precision of ex vivo measurements of individual as well as integrated leukocyte functions, and have facilitated the discovery of novel leukocyte phenotypes. Here, we review some of the most interesting insights resulting from the application of microfluidic approaches to the study of the inflammatory response. The aim is to encourage leukocyte biologists to integrate these new tools into increasingly more sophisticated experimental designs for probing complex leukocyte functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Irimia
- BioMEMS Resource Center, Division of Surgery, Innovation and Bioengineering, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Shriners Burns Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Felix Ellett
- BioMEMS Resource Center, Division of Surgery, Innovation and Bioengineering, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Shriners Burns Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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98
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Study of dendritic cell migration using micro-fabrication. J Immunol Methods 2016; 432:30-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2015.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2015] [Revised: 11/13/2015] [Accepted: 12/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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99
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Schröder B. The multifaceted roles of the invariant chain CD74--More than just a chaperone. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2016; 1863:1269-81. [PMID: 27033518 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2016.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Revised: 03/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The invariant chain (CD74) is well known for its essential role in antigen presentation by mediating assembly and subcellular trafficking of the MHCII complex. Beyond this, CD74 has also been implicated in a number of processes independent of MHCII. These include the regulation of endosomal trafficking, cell migration and cellular signalling as surface receptor of the pro-inflammatory cytokine macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF). In several forms of cancer, CD74 is up-regulated and associated with enhanced proliferation and metastatic potential. In this review, an overview of the diverse biological functions of the CD74 protein is provided with a particular focus on how these may be regulated. In particular, proteolysis of CD74 will be discussed as a central mechanism to control the actions of this important protein at different levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernd Schröder
- Biochemical Institute, Christian Albrechts University of Kiel, Otto-Hahn-Platz 9, D-24118 Kiel, Germany.
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100
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Perinuclear Arp2/3-driven actin polymerization enables nuclear deformation to facilitate cell migration through complex environments. Nat Commun 2016; 7:10997. [PMID: 26975831 PMCID: PMC4796365 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms10997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 230] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2015] [Accepted: 02/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell migration has two opposite faces: although necessary for physiological processes such as immune responses, it can also have detrimental effects by enabling metastatic cells to invade new organs. In vivo, migration occurs in complex environments and often requires a high cellular deformability, a property limited by the cell nucleus. Here we show that dendritic cells, the sentinels of the immune system, possess a mechanism to pass through micrometric constrictions. This mechanism is based on a rapid Arp2/3-dependent actin nucleation around the nucleus that disrupts the nuclear lamina, the main structure limiting nuclear deformability. The cells' requirement for Arp2/3 to pass through constrictions can be relieved when nuclear stiffness is decreased by suppressing lamin A/C expression. We propose a new role for Arp2/3 in three-dimensional cell migration, allowing fast-moving cells such as leukocytes to rapidly and efficiently migrate through narrow gaps, a process probably important for their function.
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