51
|
Saitou M, Gokcumen O. Resolving the Insertion Sites of Polymorphic Duplications Reveals a HERC2 Haplotype under Selection. Genome Biol Evol 2019; 11:1679-1690. [PMID: 31124564 PMCID: PMC6587411 DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evz107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Polymorphic duplications in humans have been shown to contribute to phenotypic diversity. However, the evolutionary forces that maintain variable duplications across the human genome are largely unexplored. We developed a linkage-disequilibrium based method to detect insertion sites of polymorphic duplications not represented in reference genomes. This method also allows resolution of haplotypes harboring the duplications. Using this approach, we conducted genome-wide analyses and identified the insertion sites of 22 common polymorphic duplications. We found that the majority of these duplications is intrachromosomal and only one of them is an interchromosomal insertion. Further characterization of these duplications revealed significant associations to blood and skin phenotypes. On the basis of population genetics analyses, we found that the duplication of a well-characterized pigmentation-related region, including the HERC2 gene, may be selected against in European populations. We further demonstrated that the haplotype harboring this duplication significantly affects the expression of the HERC2P9 gene in multiple tissues. Our study sheds light onto the evolutionary impact of understudied polymorphic duplications in human populations and presents methodological insights for future studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marie Saitou
- Department of Biological Sciences, SUNY at Buffalo
| | | |
Collapse
|
52
|
Gurung RL, Yiamunaa M, Liu S, Liu JJ, Chan C, Choo RWM, Ang K, Sum CF, Tavintharan S, Lim SC. Association of haptoglobin phenotype with incident acute myocardial infarction in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2019; 18:65. [PMID: 31146758 PMCID: PMC6542096 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-019-0867-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Haptoglobin (Hp) is an abundant plasma protein with anti-oxidant properties. Hp polymorphism is associated with cardio-metabolic dysfunction but the allele conferring risk of developing acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients is unclear. This study aimed to investigate the association of Hp phenotype (Hp 1-1, 2-1 and 2-2) with incident AMI in Chinese T2D patients. Methods This prospective study included Chinese T2D participants from the Singapore Study of Macro-angiopathy and Micro-vascular Reactivity in Type 2 Diabetes (SMART2D) and Diabetic Nephropathy (DN) cohorts. Information on incidence of non-fatal AMI was collected by data linkage with the Singapore Myocardial Infarction Registry. Hp phenotype was determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to evaluate the association of Hp phenotype with incident AMI, adjusted for traditional risk factors separately in two cohorts, then meta-analysed. Results In total, 2324 Chinese participants (SMART2D; N = 1034, mean age [SD] of 59 [11]) and (DN: N = 1290, mean age [SD] of 58 [12]) were included in this study. There were total of 30 (56 events per 10,000 patient-years) and 99 (128 events per 10,000 patient-years) AMI events in SMART2D and DN cohorts respectively. In meta-analysis, presence of Hp 1 allele conferred 43% (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.43 [95% CI 1.10–1.87], P = 0.008, Phet = 0.413) increased risk of incident AMI, independent of age, sex, smoking, body mass index, HbA1c, diabetes duration, lipids, hypertension, renal function and usage of insulin and RAS antagonist. In adjusted model, compared to Hp 2-2 groups, individuals with Hp 1-1 (HR = 2.18 [95% CI 1.19–3.76], P = 0.010, Phet = 0.193) and Hp 2-1 (HR = 1.45 [95% CI 0.98–2.14], P = 0.065, Phet = 0.576) were at a higher risk of incident AMI. Moreover, compared to Hp 2-2 groups, non-Hp 2-2 groups (Hp 1-1 and Hp 2-1) were at 55% increased risk of incident AMI (HR = 1.55 [95% CI 1.07–2.24], P = 0.021, Phet = 0.940). Conclusions Hp 1-1 phenotype was associated with increased risk of incident AMI, independent of traditional risk factors, in Chinese patients with T2D. Hp phenotyping may allow for identification of T2D individuals at higher risk for onset of AMI. However, further studies are needed to understand the underlying mechanism between Hp alleles and risk for AMI. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12933-019-0867-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Resham L Gurung
- Clinical Research Unit, Khoo Teck Puat Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - M Yiamunaa
- Clinical Research Unit, Khoo Teck Puat Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sylvia Liu
- Clinical Research Unit, Khoo Teck Puat Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jian Jun Liu
- Clinical Research Unit, Khoo Teck Puat Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Clara Chan
- Clinical Research Unit, Khoo Teck Puat Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Keven Ang
- Clinical Research Unit, Khoo Teck Puat Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Chee Fang Sum
- Diabetes Centre, Admiralty Medical Centre, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Su Chi Lim
- Clinical Research Unit, Khoo Teck Puat Hospital, Singapore, Singapore. .,Diabetes Centre, Admiralty Medical Centre, Singapore, Singapore. .,Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
| |
Collapse
|
53
|
Lin YL, Gokcumen O. Fine-Scale Characterization of Genomic Structural Variation in the Human Genome Reveals Adaptive and Biomedically Relevant Hotspots. Genome Biol Evol 2019; 11:1136-1151. [PMID: 30887040 PMCID: PMC6475128 DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evz058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Genomic structural variants (SVs) are distributed nonrandomly across the human genome. The "hotspots" of SVs have been implicated in evolutionary innovations, as well as medical conditions. However, the evolutionary and biomedical features of these hotspots remain incompletely understood. Here, we analyzed data from 2,504 genomes to construct a refined map of 1,148 SV hotspots in human genomes. We confirmed that segmental duplication-related nonallelic homologous recombination is an important mechanistic driver of SV hotspot formation. However, to our surprise, we also found that a majority of SVs in hotspots do not form through such recombination-based mechanisms, suggesting diverse mechanistic and selective forces shaping hotspots. Indeed, our evolutionary analyses showed that the majority of SV hotspots are within gene-poor regions and evolve under relaxed negative selection or neutrality. However, we still found a small subset of SV hotspots harboring genes that are enriched for anthropologically crucial functions and evolve under geography-specific and balancing adaptive forces. These include two independent hotspots on different chromosomes affecting alpha and beta hemoglobin gene clusters. Biomedically, we found that the SV hotspots coincide with breakpoints of clinically relevant, large de novo SVs, significantly more often than genome-wide expectations. For example, we showed that the breakpoints of multiple large SVs, which lead to idiopathic short stature, coincide with SV hotspots. Therefore, the mutational instability in SV hotpots likely enables chromosomal breaks that lead to pathogenic structural variation formations. Overall, our study contributes to a better understanding of the mutational and adaptive landscape of the genome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yen-Lung Lin
- Department of Biological Sciences, University at Buffalo
| | - Omer Gokcumen
- Department of Biological Sciences, University at Buffalo
- Corresponding author: E-mail: or
| |
Collapse
|
54
|
Zhou J, Liu J, Sheng H, You N, Chen J, Mi X, Yang W, Zang S, Shi J. Haptoglobin 2-2 Genotype is Associated with More Advanced Disease in Subjects with Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis: A Retrospective Study. Adv Ther 2019; 36:880-895. [PMID: 30820874 DOI: 10.1007/s12325-019-00902-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Haptoglobin (Hp) genotypes were reported as an independent risk factor for metabolic diseases. This study aimed to investigate the association between Hp gene polymorphism and the severity of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). METHODS A total of 441 subjects (NAFLD group, n = 272; healthy control, n = 169) were recruited, and their clinical biochemical parameters were measured in all subjects. Haptoglobin genotyping was performed using genomic DNA extracted from peripheral blood leukocytes. Among the NAFLD group, 107 patients underwent liver biopsy, and histology was evaluated by a pathologist on the basis of the CRN scoring system. RESULTS NAFLD patients had much lower frequency of Hp 1-1 genotype and higher frequency of Hp 2-2 than healthy controls (0.4% vs 9.5%, 55.8% vs 47.9%, P < 0.001). NAFLD patients with Hp 2-2 genotype had much higher levels of body mass index (BMI), total cholesterol (TC), liver enzymes, ferritin, and controlled attenuation parameter (CAP) values than non-Hp 2-2 genotype (P < 0.05). In histology, patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) had higher frequency of Hp 2-2 genotype than non-NASH patients (71.3% vs 22.2%, P < 0.001); patients with significant fibrosis had higher frequency of Hp 2-2 genotype (78.3% vs 54.8%, P < 0.05) than no/mild fibrosis patients. NAFLD patients with Hp 2-2 genotype had higher proportion with higher steatosis scores, lobular inflammation scores, ballooning scores, NAFLD activity scores (NAS), and fibrosis stages (P < 0.05 for all) than Hp 2-2 groups. Furthermore, Hp 2-2 genotype was independently associated with NASH (OR = 5.985, P < 0.05) and significant fibrosis (OR = 6.584, P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Hp 2-2 genotype is closely associated with the severity of NAFLD.
Collapse
|
55
|
Wang S, Zhang R, Wang T, Jiang F, Hu C, Jia W. Association of the genetic variant rs2000999 with haptoglobin and diabetic macrovascular diseases in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes. J Diabetes Complications 2019; 33:178-181. [PMID: 30366827 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2018.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Revised: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The common copy number variant (CNV) in the haptoglobin (Hp) gene may influence the susceptibility to diabetic macrovascular diseases. We aimed to investigate the relationship of the genetic variant rs2000999, located in the haptoglobin-related protein (HPR) gene, with serum Hp levels and diabetic macrovascular diseases in Chinese type 2 diabetes patients. METHODS The Hp CNV and rs2000999 were genotyped in a group of 5457 Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes. Associations of rs2000999 with the common Hp CNV, susceptibility to diabetic macrovascular diseases and related metabolic traits were analysed. Furthermore, 886 patients were selected to detect serum Hp levels and to evaluate the correlation between rs2000999 and serum Hp levels. RESULTS The genetic variant rs2000999 was not associated with diabetic macrovascular diseases (P = 0.6109), while subjects carrying the A allele had higher levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (P = 0.0578) and a smaller inter-adventitial diameter of the common carotid artery (P = 0.0266). Additionally, rs2000999 exhibited strong association with serum Hp levels (P = 2.03 × 10-21). CONCLUSIONS The genetic variant rs2000999 was not associated with diabetic macrovascular diseases but showed an association with metabolic traits and serum Hp levels in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shiyun Wang
- Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai 200233, People's Republic of China.
| | - Rong Zhang
- Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai 200233, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Wang
- Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai 200233, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Jiang
- Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai 200233, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng Hu
- Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai 200233, People's Republic of China; Institute for Metabolic Disease, Fengxian Central Hospital Affiliated to Southern Medical University, 6600 Nanfeng Road, Shanghai 201499, People's Republic of China.
| | - Weiping Jia
- Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai 200233, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
56
|
Tang KY, Huang SY, Cheng TM, Bai CH, Chang JS. Haptoglobin phenotype influences the effectiveness of diet-induced weight loss in middle-age abdominally obese women with metabolic abnormalities. Clin Nutr 2019; 39:225-233. [PMID: 30737047 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2019.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Revised: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Haptoglobin (Hp) is associated with risks of obesity and cardiometabolic dysfunction; however, the role of the Hp phenotype in diet-induced weight loss remains to be elucidated. This study investigated whether the Hp phenotype contributes to inter-individual variations in body weight reduction as well as changes in the metabolic profile. METHODS Secondary data analysis from a randomized controlled trial. In total, 151 abdominally obese Taiwanese women with ≥2 metabolic components were randomized to each of four dietary programs [calorie restriction (CR), calorie restriction plus fish oil supplementation (CRF), calorie restricted meal replacement (CRMR), and calorie restricted meal replacement with fish oil supplementation (CRMRF)] for 12 weeks. Abdominal obesity was defined as a waist circumference (WC) ≥ 80 cm in women. Hp phenotyping was performed by plasma gel electrophoresis. RESULTS The prevalence of the Hp 1-1, 2-1, and 2-2 phenotypes were 12.58%, 41.06% and 46.35%, respectively. The mean age was 50.59 ± 12.22 years, and mean reduction in the percent body weight was 4.7% ± 3.8%. The Hp 1-1 phenotype exhibited significant decreases in the WC, body fat mass, plasma insulin levels, free hemoglobin and homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) compared to the Hp 2-1 or Hp 2-2 phenotypes after adjusting for the baseline age, WC, metabolic syndrome (MetS), and dietary programs (all adjusted p < 0.05). A greater improvement in the prevalence of central obesity and, to a lesser extent, MetS was also found in women with the Hp 1-1 phenotype. CONCLUSIONS Obese women with the Hp 1-1 phenotype might obtain greater benefits in terms of reducing abdominal fat and improving insulin sensitivity in response to hypocaloric diet-induced weight reduction. The findings from this study support potential gene-diet interactions affecting weight loss. This trial was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov as NCT01768169. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRY This trial was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov as NCT01768169.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kelvin Yohanes Tang
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Yi Huang
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Metabolism and Obesity Sciences, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tsai-Mu Cheng
- Graduate Institute of Translational Medicine, College of Medical Sciences and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chyi-Huey Bai
- Department of Public Health, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Public Health, College of Public Health, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jung-Su Chang
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Metabolism and Obesity Sciences, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Nutrition Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Chinese Taipei Society for the Study of Obesity, CTSSO, Taipei, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
57
|
Alonso I, Matos A, Ribeiro R, Gil Â, Cardoso C, Sardinha LB, Bicho M. Mountain Cycling Ultramarathon Effects on Inflammatory and Hemoglobin Responses. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2018; 50:353-360. [PMID: 28991044 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000001440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to analyze the cumulative physiological burden of repetitive, strenuous exercise held during mountain cycling ultramarathon on regulatory mechanisms of hemoglobin degradation. METHODS Fifty-five nonprofessional athletes (mean age, 44.8 ± 7.1 yr) participating in a 9-consecutive-day mountain cycling ultramarathon (TransPortugal) underwent anthropometric, hematological, and biochemical assessments before and immediately after the race. Participants were further stratified as completers (nine courses) or noncompleters and were divided according to the time they took to complete the race. The heme oxygenase-1 (HMOX1) functional genetic polymorphism and haptoglobin (HP) phenotypic variants were also analyzed. RESULTS Total leukocytes, neutrophil count, and monocyte count increased, whereas decreases in erythrocyte counts and hemoglobin were found between pre- and postultramarathon. Circulating haptoglobin (Hp) was increased, whereas its soluble receptor (sCD163) decreased. Athletes who completed all nine courses presented with increased leukocyte, neutrophil, and erythrocyte counts, as well as hemoglobin, red cell distribution width, total bilirubin, and total cholesterol levels. High-sensitivity C-reactive protein and Hp decreased in comparison with noncompleters. HMOX1 and HP genetic polymorphisms were associated with biochemical profile, notably with Hp levels. Analysis of covariance showed a significant effect of HP phenotype in Hp circulating levels at the end of race and on the magnitude of variation from pre- to postrace. CONCLUSIONS Present findings support a comodulatory influence of genetic- and exercise-associated factors on resulting inflammatory and hemoglobin catabolic marker Hp after highly demanding endurance exercise.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Isanete Alonso
- Laboratory of Genetics and Environmental Health Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, PORTUGAL.,Laboratory of Genetics and Environmental Health Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, PORTUGAL.,Laboratory of Genetics and Environmental Health Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, PORTUGAL
| | - Andreia Matos
- Laboratory of Genetics and Environmental Health Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, PORTUGAL.,Laboratory of Genetics and Environmental Health Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, PORTUGAL
| | - Ricardo Ribeiro
- Laboratory of Genetics and Environmental Health Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, PORTUGAL.,Laboratory of Genetics and Environmental Health Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, PORTUGAL.,Laboratory of Genetics and Environmental Health Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, PORTUGAL.,Laboratory of Genetics and Environmental Health Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, PORTUGAL
| | - Ângela Gil
- Laboratory of Genetics and Environmental Health Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, PORTUGAL.,Laboratory of Genetics and Environmental Health Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, PORTUGAL
| | - Carlos Cardoso
- Laboratory of Genetics and Environmental Health Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, PORTUGAL
| | - Luís B Sardinha
- Laboratory of Genetics and Environmental Health Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, PORTUGAL
| | - Manuel Bicho
- Laboratory of Genetics and Environmental Health Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, PORTUGAL.,Laboratory of Genetics and Environmental Health Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, PORTUGAL
| |
Collapse
|
58
|
Saini S, Mitra I, Mousavi N, Fotsing SF, Gymrek M. A reference haplotype panel for genome-wide imputation of short tandem repeats. Nat Commun 2018; 9:4397. [PMID: 30353011 PMCID: PMC6199332 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-06694-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Short tandem repeats (STRs) are involved in dozens of Mendelian disorders and have been implicated in complex traits. However, genotyping arrays used in genome-wide association studies focus on single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and do not readily allow identification of STR associations. We leverage next-generation sequencing (NGS) from 479 families to create a SNP + STR reference haplotype panel. Our panel enables imputing STR genotypes into SNP array data when NGS is not available for directly genotyping STRs. Imputed genotypes achieve mean concordance of 97% with observed genotypes in an external dataset compared to 71% expected under a naive model. Performance varies widely across STRs, with near perfect concordance at bi-allelic STRs vs. 70% at highly polymorphic repeats. Imputation increases power over individual SNPs to detect STR associations with gene expression. Imputing STRs into existing SNP datasets will enable the first large-scale STR association studies across a range of complex traits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shubham Saini
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Ileena Mitra
- Bioinformatics and Systems Biology Program, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Nima Mousavi
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Stephanie Feupe Fotsing
- Bioinformatics and Systems Biology Program, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Melissa Gymrek
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
59
|
Complex Haplotypes of GSTM1 Gene Deletions Harbor Signatures of a Selective Sweep in East Asian Populations. G3-GENES GENOMES GENETICS 2018; 8:2953-2966. [PMID: 30061374 PMCID: PMC6118300 DOI: 10.1534/g3.118.200462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The deletion of the metabolizing Glutathione S-transferase Mu 1 (GSTM1) gene has been associated with multiple cancers, metabolic and autoimmune disorders, as well as drug response. It is unusually common, with allele frequency reaching up to 75% in some human populations. Such high allele frequency of a derived allele with apparent impact on an otherwise conserved gene is a rare phenomenon. To investigate the evolutionary history of this locus, we analyzed 310 genomes using population genetics tools. Our analysis revealed a surprising lack of linkage disequilibrium between the deletion and the flanking single nucleotide variants in this locus. Tests that measure extended homozygosity and rapid change in allele frequency revealed signatures of an incomplete sweep in the locus. Using empirical approaches, we identified the Tanuki haplogroup, which carries the GSTM1 deletion and is found in approximately 70% of East Asian chromosomes. This haplogroup has rapidly increased in frequency in East Asian populations, contributing to a high population differentiation among continental human groups. We showed that extended homozygosity and population differentiation for this haplogroup is incompatible with simulated neutral expectations in East Asian populations. In parallel, we found that the Tanuki haplogroup is significantly associated with the expression levels of other GSTM genes. Collectively, our results suggest that standing variation in this locus has likely undergone an incomplete sweep in East Asia with regulatory impact on multiple GSTM genes. Our study provides the necessary framework for further studies to elucidate the evolutionary reasons that maintain disease-susceptibility variants in the GSTM1 locus.
Collapse
|
60
|
The haptoglobin promoter polymorphism rs5471 is the most definitive genetic determinant of serum haptoglobin level in a Ghanaian population. Clin Chim Acta 2018; 483:303-307. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2018.05.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Revised: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
61
|
Dalan R, Liuh Ling G. The protean role of haptoglobin and haptoglobin genotypes on vascular complications in diabetes mellitus. Eur J Prev Cardiol 2018; 25:1502-1519. [PMID: 29799294 DOI: 10.1177/2047487318776829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Introduction and background Haptoglobin (Hp) is considered to be an antioxidant and protective against cardiovascular complications. Polymorphisms in the Hp gene interact with diabetes mellitus to affect the risk of vascular complications. Methods We review the updated literature about the protean role of Hp and Hp genotypes spanning genomics, molecular, translational and clinical studies. We searched Pubmed, SCOPUS and Google Scholar for all articles using the keywords: haptoglobin and/or haptoglobin polymorphism and diabetes. We review the diverse Hp genotypes, phenotypes and the impact on diabetes complications, including lessons from animal models and in vitro models. We describe the clinical studies on the associations of Hp genotypes with vascular complications in type 1 and type 2 diabetes comprehensively. We review the studies looking at vitamin E supplementation in a personalized manner in Hp2-2 diabetes individuals. Results and conclusion Hp genotypes have evolved as a result of deletions in the traditional Hp genes. The Hp genotypes have been associated with microvascular and macrovascular complications in type 1 diabetes mellitus but the association in type 2 diabetes is more consistent with cardiovascular complications. A preferential benefit of vitamin E and other antioxidants in the Hp2-2 genotype for cardiovascular complications in type 2 diabetes has been seen presumably secondary to interaction with high-density lipoprotein function. Hence, the Hp genotype can be used to personalize antioxidant therapeutics in diabetes patients. These results need to be corroborated in large, global, pragmatic, prospective, cardiovascular outcome trials in type 2 diabetes patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rinkoo Dalan
- 1 Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore.,2 NTU-Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Singapore.,3 Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, Singapore
| | | |
Collapse
|
62
|
Genetic markers for urine haptoglobin is associated with decline in renal function in type 2 diabetes in East Asians. Sci Rep 2018; 8:5109. [PMID: 29572449 PMCID: PMC5865208 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-23407-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 03/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Urine haptoglobin (uHP) level prospectively predicts diabetic kidney disease (DKD) progression. Here, we aim to identify genetic determinants of uHP level and evaluate association with renal function in East Asians (EA) with type 2 diabetes (T2D). Genome-wide association study (GWAS) among 805 [236 Chinese (discovery) and 569 (57 Malay and 512 Chinese) (validation)] found that rs75444904/kgp16506790 variant was robustly associated with uHP level (MetaP = 1.21 × 10-60). rs75444904 correlates well with plasma HP protein levels and multimerization in EA but was not in perfect LD (r2 = 0.911 in Chinese, r2 = 0.536 in Malay) and is monomorphic in Europeans (1000 G data). Conditional probability analysis indicated weakening of effects but residual significant associations between rs75444904 and uHP when adjusted on HP structural variant (MetaP = 8.22 × 10-7). The rs75444904 variant was associated with DKD progression (OR = 1.77, P = 0.014) independent of traditional risk factors. In an additional validation-cohort of EA (410 end-stage renal disease (ESRD) cases and 1308 controls), rs75444904 was associated with ESRD (OR = 1.22, P = 0.036). Furthermore, increased risk of DKD progression (OR = 2.09, P = 0.007) with elevated uHP level through Mendelian randomisation analysis provide support for potential causal role of uHP in DKD progression in EA. However, further replication of our findings in larger study populations is warranted.
Collapse
|
63
|
Phenotype-specific recombinant haptoglobin polymers co-expressed with C1r-like protein as optimized hemoglobin-binding therapeutics. BMC Biotechnol 2018; 18:15. [PMID: 29544494 PMCID: PMC5856381 DOI: 10.1186/s12896-018-0424-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Preclinical studies have evaluated haptoglobin (Hp) polymers from pooled human plasma as a therapeutic protein to attenuate toxic effects of cell-free hemoglobin (Hb). Proof of concept studies have demonstrated efficacy of Hp in hemolysis associated with transfusion and sickle cell anemia. However, phenotype-specific Hp products might be desirable to exploit phenotype specific activities of Hp 1-1 versus Hp 2-2, offering opportunities for recombinant therapeutics. Prohaptoglobin (proHp) is the primary translation product of the Hp mRNA. ProHp is proteolytically cleaved by complement C1r subcomponent-like protein (C1r-LP) in the endoplasmic reticulum. Two main allelic Hp variants, HP1 and HP2 exist. The larger HP2 is considered to be the ancestor variant of all human Hp alleles and is characterized by an α2-chain, which contains an extra cysteine residue that pairs with additional α-chains generating multimers with molecular weights of 200-900 kDa. The two human HP1 alleles (HP1F and HP1S) differ by a two-amino-acid substitution polymorphism within the α-chain and are derived from HP2 by recurring exon deletions. RESULTS In the present study, we describe a process for the production of recombinant phenotype specific Hp polymers in mammalian FS293F cells. This approach demonstrates that efficient expression of mature and fully functional protein products requires co-expression of active C1r-LP. The functional characterization of our proteins, which included monomer/polymer distribution, binding affinities as well as NO-sparing and antioxidant functions, demonstrated that C1r-LP-processed recombinant Hp demonstrates equal protective functions as plasma derived Hp in vitro as well as in animal studies. CONCLUSIONS We present a recombinant production process for fully functional phenotype-specific Hp therapeutics. The proposed process could accelerate the development of Hb scavengers to treat patients with cell-free Hb associated disease states, such as sickle cell disease and other hemolytic conditions.
Collapse
|
64
|
Xu D, Pavlidis P, Taskent RO, Alachiotis N, Flanagan C, DeGiorgio M, Blekhman R, Ruhl S, Gokcumen O. Archaic Hominin Introgression in Africa Contributes to Functional Salivary MUC7 Genetic Variation. Mol Biol Evol 2017; 34:2704-2715. [PMID: 28957509 PMCID: PMC5850612 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msx206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the most abundant proteins in human saliva, mucin-7, is encoded by the MUC7 gene, which harbors copy number variable subexonic repeats (PTS-repeats) that affect the size and glycosylation potential of this protein. We recently documented the adaptive evolution of MUC7 subexonic copy number variation among primates. Yet, the evolution of MUC7 genetic variation in humans remained unexplored. Here, we found that PTS-repeat copy number variation has evolved recurrently in the human lineage, thereby generating multiple haplotypic backgrounds carrying five or six PTS-repeat copy number alleles. Contrary to previous studies, we found no associations between the copy number of PTS-repeats and protection against asthma. Instead, we revealed a significant association of MUC7 haplotypic variation with the composition of the oral microbiome. Furthermore, based on in-depth simulations, we conclude that a divergent MUC7 haplotype likely originated in an unknown African hominin population and introgressed into ancestors of modern Africans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Duo Xu
- Department of Biological Sciences, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY
| | - Pavlos Pavlidis
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (IMBB), Foundation for Research and Technology - Hellas, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Recep Ozgur Taskent
- Department of Biological Sciences, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY
| | - Nikolaos Alachiotis
- Institute of Computer Science (ICS), Foundation for Research and Technology - Hellas, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Colin Flanagan
- Department of Biological Sciences, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY
| | - Michael DeGiorgio
- Department of Biology and the Institute for CyberScience, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA
| | - Ran Blekhman
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology, and Development, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, MN
| | - Stefan Ruhl
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY
| | - Omer Gokcumen
- Department of Biological Sciences, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY
| |
Collapse
|
65
|
A polymorphism in the haptoglobin, haptoglobin related protein locus is associated with risk of human sleeping sickness within Cameroonian populations. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2017; 11:e0005979. [PMID: 29077717 PMCID: PMC5697879 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0005979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Revised: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Human African Trypanosomiasis (HAT) is a neglected disease targeted for elimination as a public health problem by 2020. Elimination requires a better understanding of the epidemiology and clinical evolution of HAT. In addition to the classical clinical evolution of HAT, asymptomatic carriers and spontaneous cure have been reported in West Africa. A genetic component to human susceptibility to HAT has been suggested to explain these newly observed responses to infection. In order to test for genetic associations with infection response, genetic polymorphism in 17 genes were tested (APOL1, IL1B, IL4, IL4R, IL6, IL8, IL12B, IL12RB1, IL10, TNFA, INFG, MIF, HLA-G, HLA-A, HP, HPR and CFH). Methodology A case-control study was performed on 180 blood samples collected from 56 cases and 124 controls from Cameroon. DNA was extracted from blood samples. After quality control, 25 samples (24 controls and 1 case) were eliminated. The genotyping undertaken on 155 individuals including 55 cases and 100 controls were investigated at 96 loci (88 SNPs and 8 indels) located on 17 genes. Associations between these loci and HAT were estimated via a case-control association test. Results Analyses of 64 SNPs and 4 indels out of 96 identified in the selected genes reveal that the minor allele (T) of rs8062041 in haptoglobin (HP) appeared to be protective against HAT (p = 0.0002395, OR 0.359 (CI95 [0.204–0.6319])); indicating higher frequency in cases compared to controls. This minor allele with adjusted p value of 0.0163 is associated with a lower risk (protective effect) of developing sleeping sickness. Conclusion The haptoglobin related protein HPR and HP are tightly linked and both are duplicated in some people and may lead to higher activity. This increased production could be responsible of the protection associated with rs8062041 even though this SNP is within HP. Human African trypanosomiasis (HAT) or sleeping sickness is a neglected tropical disease targeted for elimination by 2020. This elimination requires a better understanding of the epidemiology and clinical evolution of this disease. Beside the classical clinical evolution, asymptomatic carriers, seropositive and spontaneous cure of infected persons have been reported in West Africa. Arguments in favor of human genetic susceptibility to HAT have been raised to explain this variability in clinical presentation. This study investigated the genetic polymorphism of 17 genes between controls and sleeping sickness patients in Southern Cameroon in order to improve our knowledge of human susceptibility to trypanosome infections. We identified single nucleotide polymorphisms and indels in 17 selected genes involved in immune responses and carried out a case-control candidate gene association study and demonstrated differences between variants associated with the disease. From these genes, only haptoglobin (HP) at the SNP rs8062041 was found to have polymorphisms which were strongly associated with trypanosomiasis. The minor allele (T) at this SNP position appeared to be protective against HAT (p = 0.0002395, OR 0.359 (CI95 [0.204–0.6319])) reducing the risk of developing disease approximately threefold. The haptoglobin related protein (HPR) is adjacent to HP and is a component of the Trypanolytic factor that kills trypanosomes. The HP and HPR locus is duplicated in some people. The rs8062041 variant may be associated with this duplication and it is possible that increased production of HPR is the cause of the protection associated with rs8062041. The results reported here will contribute to the knowledge of the role of human genetics in disease progression, and thus lead to the identification of novel biomarkers which could involve development of new diagnostics, treatments and intervention strategies.
Collapse
|
66
|
Haptoglobin Genotype and Outcome after Subarachnoid Haemorrhage: New Insights from a Meta-Analysis. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2017; 2017:6747940. [PMID: 29104730 PMCID: PMC5634574 DOI: 10.1155/2017/6747940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Revised: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Haptoglobin (Hp) is a plasma protein involved in clearing extracellular haemoglobin and regulating inflammation; it exists as two genetic variants (Hp1 and Hp2). In a meta-analysis of six published studies, we confirm that Hp genotype affects short-term outcome (cerebral vasospasm and/or delayed cerebral ischemia) after subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH) but not long-term outcome (Glasgow Outcome Score and modified Rankin Scale between one and three months). A closer examination of the heterozygous group revealed that the short-term outcome of Hp2-1 individuals clustered with that of Hp1-1 and not Hp2-2, suggesting that the presence of one Hp1 allele was sufficient to confer protection. Since the presence of the Hp dimer is the only common feature between Hp1-1 and Hp2-1 individuals, the absence of this Hp moiety is most likely to underlie vasospasm in Hp2-2 individuals. These results have implications for prognosis after SAH and will inform further research into Hp-based mechanism of action and treatment.
Collapse
|
67
|
Carvalho LML, Ferreira CN, de Oliveira DKD, Rodrigues KF, Duarte RCF, Teixeira MFA, Xavier LB, Candido AL, Reis FM, Silva IFO, Campos FMF, Gomes KB. Haptoglobin levels, but not Hp1-Hp2 polymorphism, are associated with polycystic ovary syndrome. J Assist Reprod Genet 2017; 34:1691-1698. [PMID: 28900795 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-017-1030-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Proteomic studies suggest an association between haptoglobin (Hp) and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Hp is a classic inflammatory marker and binds to the intravascular hemoglobin, avoiding the oxidative damages that can be caused by free hemoglobin. Inflammation and oxidative stress are important in the pathogenesis of the PCOS, one of the most frequent metabolic diseases in women. METHODS To validate these proteomic studies, we developed a controlled cross-sectional study that aimed to evaluate the Hp levels and allelic and genotypic frequencies of Hp1-Hp2 polymorphism in Brazilian women with PCOS. We also investigated the correlation between Hp levels and several important parameters in PCOS as follows: body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), fasting glucose, post-prandial glucose, homeostatic model assessment (HOMA), lipid accumulation product (LAP), C-reactive protein (CRP), and metabolization test of tetrazolium salts (MTTs-serum antioxidant capacity). RESULTS Plasma Hp levels were higher in the PCOS group than in controls [8.20 (4.04) g/L; 7.98 (3.31) g/L; p = 0.018]. No significant difference was observed in the frequency of Hp1-Hp2 genotypes under additive, recessive, or dominant model of inheritance between the PCOS and the control groups. Plasma Hp levels did not differ according to the genotype. However, plasma Hp showed a negative correlation with MTT (r = - 0.383; p = 0.028), as well as a positive correlation with CRP (r = 0.361; p = 0.014) in the PCOS group. CONCLUSION Hp1-Hp2 polymorphism is not associated with PCOS but plasma Hp could be a potential biomarker for PCOS and its complications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura M L Carvalho
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Cláudia N Ferreira
- Colégio Técnico, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Daisy K D de Oliveira
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Kathryna F Rodrigues
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Rita C F Duarte
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Márcia F A Teixeira
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Luana B Xavier
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Ana Lúcia Candido
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Fernando M Reis
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Ieda F O Silva
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Fernanda M F Campos
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Karina B Gomes
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil. .,Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
68
|
A common deletion in the haptoglobin gene associated with blood cholesterol levels among Chinese women. J Hum Genet 2017; 62:911-914. [PMID: 28659611 DOI: 10.1038/jhg.2017.66] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Revised: 04/28/2017] [Accepted: 05/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Haptoglobin (HP) protein plays a critical role in binding and removing free hemoglobin from blood. A deletion in the HP gene affects the protein structure and function. A recent study developed a novel method to impute this variant and discovered significant association of this variant with low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and total cholesterol levels among European descendants. In the present study, we investigated this variant among 3608 Chinese women. Consistent with findings from Europeans, we found significant associations between the deletion with lower cholesterol levels; women homozygous for the deletion allele (HP1-HP1), had a lower level of total cholesterol (-4.24 mg dl-1, P=0.02) and LDL cholesterol (-3.43 mg dl-1, P=0.03) than those not carrying the deletion allele (HP2-HP2). Especially, women carrying the HP1S-HP1S, had an even lower level of total cholesterol (-5.59 mg dl-1, P=7.0 × 10-3) and LDL cholesterol (-4.68 mg dl-1, P=8.0 × 10-3) compared to those carrying HP2-HP2. These associations remained significant after an adjustment for an established cholesterol level-related variant, rs2000999. Our study extends the previous findings regarding the association of HP structure variant with blood cholesterol levels to East Asians and affirms the validity of the new methodology for assessing HP structure variation.
Collapse
|
69
|
Fifteen new risk loci for coronary artery disease highlight arterial-wall-specific mechanisms. Nat Genet 2017; 49:1113-1119. [PMID: 28530674 DOI: 10.1038/ng.3874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 223] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Although 58 genomic regions have been associated with CAD thus far, most of the heritability is unexplained, indicating that additional susceptibility loci await identification. An efficient discovery strategy may be larger-scale evaluation of promising associations suggested by genome-wide association studies (GWAS). Hence, we genotyped 56,309 participants using a targeted gene array derived from earlier GWAS results and performed meta-analysis of results with 194,427 participants previously genotyped, totaling 88,192 CAD cases and 162,544 controls. We identified 25 new SNP-CAD associations (P < 5 × 10-8, in fixed-effects meta-analysis) from 15 genomic regions, including SNPs in or near genes involved in cellular adhesion, leukocyte migration and atherosclerosis (PECAM1, rs1867624), coagulation and inflammation (PROCR, rs867186 (p.Ser219Gly)) and vascular smooth muscle cell differentiation (LMOD1, rs2820315). Correlation of these regions with cell-type-specific gene expression and plasma protein levels sheds light on potential disease mechanisms.
Collapse
|
70
|
Andersen CBF, Stødkilde K, Sæderup KL, Kuhlee A, Raunser S, Graversen JH, Moestrup SK. Haptoglobin. Antioxid Redox Signal 2017; 26:814-831. [PMID: 27650279 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2016.6793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Haptoglobin (Hp) is an abundant human plasma protein that tightly captures hemoglobin (Hb) during hemolysis. The Hb-Hp complex formation reduces the oxidative properties of heme/Hb and promotes recognition by the macrophage scavenger receptor CD163. This leads to Hb-Hp breakdown and heme catabolism by heme oxygenase and biliverdin reductase. Gene duplications of a part of or the entire Hp gene in the primate evolution have led to variant Hp gene products that collectively may be designated "the haptoglobins (Hps)" as they all bind Hb. These variant products include the human-specific multimeric Hp phenotypes in individuals, which are hetero- or homozygous for an Hp2 gene allele. The Hp-related protein (Hpr) is another Hp duplication product in humans and other primates. Alternative functions of the variant Hps are indicated by numerous reports on association between Hp phenotypes and disease as well as the elucidation of a specific role of Hpr in the innate immune defense. Recent Advances: Recent functional and structural information on Hp and receptor systems for Hb removal now provides insight on how Hp carries out essential functions such as the Hb detoxification/removal, and how Hpr, by acting as an Hp-lookalike, can sneak a lethal toxin into trypanosome parasites that cause mammalian sleeping sickness. Critical Issues and Future Directions: The new structural insight may facilitate ongoing attempts of developing Hp derivatives for prevention of Hb toxicity in hemolytic diseases such as sickle cell disease and other hemoglobinopathies. Furthermore, the new structural knowledge may help identifying yet unknown functions based on other disease-relevant biological interactions involving Hps. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 26, 814-831.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kirstine Lindhardt Sæderup
- 2 Cancer and Inflammation, Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark , Odense C, Denmark
| | - Anne Kuhlee
- 3 Department of Structural Biochemistry, Max-Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology , Dortmund, Germany
| | - Stefan Raunser
- 3 Department of Structural Biochemistry, Max-Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology , Dortmund, Germany
| | - Jonas H Graversen
- 2 Cancer and Inflammation, Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark , Odense C, Denmark
| | - Søren Kragh Moestrup
- 1 Department of Biomedicine, University of Aarhus , Aarhus C, Denmark .,2 Cancer and Inflammation, Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark , Odense C, Denmark .,4 Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Odense University Hospital , Odense C, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
71
|
Ijäs P, Melkas S, Saksi J, Jula A, Jauhiainen M, Oksala N, Pohjasvaara T, Kaste M, Karhunen PJ, Lindsberg P, Erkinjuntti T. Haptoglobin Hp2 Variant Promotes Premature Cardiovascular Death in Stroke Survivors. Stroke 2017; 48:1463-1469. [PMID: 28487337 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.116.015683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2016] [Revised: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Haptoglobin (Hp) is an acute phase plasma protein protecting tissues from oxidative damage. It exists in 2 variant alleles (hp1/hp2) giving rise to 3 protein isoforms with different biochemical properties and efficiency to limit oxidative stress. We previously found that hp2 variant is associated with stroke risk in the patients with carotid stenosis and the risk of ischemic cardiovascular events in a general population cohort. This study examined the hypothesis that Hp genotype is associated with general cardiovascular risk in patients with stroke. METHODS Hp was genotyped in SAM study (Helsinki Stroke Aging Memory, n=378). A total of 1426 individuals ascertained from a nationally representative cross-sectional health survey served as population controls. RESULTS Hp genotype frequencies were 15.6% (hp1-1), 44.2% (hp1-2), and 40.2% (hp2-2) in patients with stroke. During a mean of 7.5-year follow-up after first-ever stroke, hp2 carriers had a substantially higher rate of cardiac deaths (24.5% versus 8.5%; P=0.006) and a trend toward more fatal strokes (23.5% versus 13.6%; P=0.122). The combined risk of ischemic cardiovascular deaths was 2.4-fold higher among hp2 carriers (95% confidence interval, 1.28-4.43) after adjustment for major cardiovascular risk factors. CONCLUSIONS Hp2 allele is associated with premature ischemic cardiovascular deaths after first-ever ischemic stroke.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Petra Ijäs
- From the Clinical Neurosciences, Neurology (I.P., S.M., T.P., M.K., P.L., T.E.) and Research Programs Unit, Molecular Neurology, Biomedicum Helsinki (I.P., J.S., P.L.), University of Helsinki, Finland; Department of Neurology, Helsinki University Hospital, Finland (I.P., S.M., T.P., M.K., P.L., T.E.); National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland (A.J., M.J.); Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Biomedicum, Helsinki, Finland (M.J.); School of Medicine, University of Tampere, Finland (N.O., P.J.K.); and FimLab Laboratories Ltd (N.O., P.J.K.) and Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery (N.O.), Tampere University Hospital, Finland.
| | - Susanna Melkas
- From the Clinical Neurosciences, Neurology (I.P., S.M., T.P., M.K., P.L., T.E.) and Research Programs Unit, Molecular Neurology, Biomedicum Helsinki (I.P., J.S., P.L.), University of Helsinki, Finland; Department of Neurology, Helsinki University Hospital, Finland (I.P., S.M., T.P., M.K., P.L., T.E.); National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland (A.J., M.J.); Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Biomedicum, Helsinki, Finland (M.J.); School of Medicine, University of Tampere, Finland (N.O., P.J.K.); and FimLab Laboratories Ltd (N.O., P.J.K.) and Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery (N.O.), Tampere University Hospital, Finland
| | - Jani Saksi
- From the Clinical Neurosciences, Neurology (I.P., S.M., T.P., M.K., P.L., T.E.) and Research Programs Unit, Molecular Neurology, Biomedicum Helsinki (I.P., J.S., P.L.), University of Helsinki, Finland; Department of Neurology, Helsinki University Hospital, Finland (I.P., S.M., T.P., M.K., P.L., T.E.); National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland (A.J., M.J.); Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Biomedicum, Helsinki, Finland (M.J.); School of Medicine, University of Tampere, Finland (N.O., P.J.K.); and FimLab Laboratories Ltd (N.O., P.J.K.) and Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery (N.O.), Tampere University Hospital, Finland
| | - Antti Jula
- From the Clinical Neurosciences, Neurology (I.P., S.M., T.P., M.K., P.L., T.E.) and Research Programs Unit, Molecular Neurology, Biomedicum Helsinki (I.P., J.S., P.L.), University of Helsinki, Finland; Department of Neurology, Helsinki University Hospital, Finland (I.P., S.M., T.P., M.K., P.L., T.E.); National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland (A.J., M.J.); Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Biomedicum, Helsinki, Finland (M.J.); School of Medicine, University of Tampere, Finland (N.O., P.J.K.); and FimLab Laboratories Ltd (N.O., P.J.K.) and Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery (N.O.), Tampere University Hospital, Finland
| | - Matti Jauhiainen
- From the Clinical Neurosciences, Neurology (I.P., S.M., T.P., M.K., P.L., T.E.) and Research Programs Unit, Molecular Neurology, Biomedicum Helsinki (I.P., J.S., P.L.), University of Helsinki, Finland; Department of Neurology, Helsinki University Hospital, Finland (I.P., S.M., T.P., M.K., P.L., T.E.); National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland (A.J., M.J.); Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Biomedicum, Helsinki, Finland (M.J.); School of Medicine, University of Tampere, Finland (N.O., P.J.K.); and FimLab Laboratories Ltd (N.O., P.J.K.) and Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery (N.O.), Tampere University Hospital, Finland
| | - Niku Oksala
- From the Clinical Neurosciences, Neurology (I.P., S.M., T.P., M.K., P.L., T.E.) and Research Programs Unit, Molecular Neurology, Biomedicum Helsinki (I.P., J.S., P.L.), University of Helsinki, Finland; Department of Neurology, Helsinki University Hospital, Finland (I.P., S.M., T.P., M.K., P.L., T.E.); National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland (A.J., M.J.); Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Biomedicum, Helsinki, Finland (M.J.); School of Medicine, University of Tampere, Finland (N.O., P.J.K.); and FimLab Laboratories Ltd (N.O., P.J.K.) and Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery (N.O.), Tampere University Hospital, Finland
| | - Tarja Pohjasvaara
- From the Clinical Neurosciences, Neurology (I.P., S.M., T.P., M.K., P.L., T.E.) and Research Programs Unit, Molecular Neurology, Biomedicum Helsinki (I.P., J.S., P.L.), University of Helsinki, Finland; Department of Neurology, Helsinki University Hospital, Finland (I.P., S.M., T.P., M.K., P.L., T.E.); National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland (A.J., M.J.); Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Biomedicum, Helsinki, Finland (M.J.); School of Medicine, University of Tampere, Finland (N.O., P.J.K.); and FimLab Laboratories Ltd (N.O., P.J.K.) and Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery (N.O.), Tampere University Hospital, Finland
| | - Markku Kaste
- From the Clinical Neurosciences, Neurology (I.P., S.M., T.P., M.K., P.L., T.E.) and Research Programs Unit, Molecular Neurology, Biomedicum Helsinki (I.P., J.S., P.L.), University of Helsinki, Finland; Department of Neurology, Helsinki University Hospital, Finland (I.P., S.M., T.P., M.K., P.L., T.E.); National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland (A.J., M.J.); Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Biomedicum, Helsinki, Finland (M.J.); School of Medicine, University of Tampere, Finland (N.O., P.J.K.); and FimLab Laboratories Ltd (N.O., P.J.K.) and Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery (N.O.), Tampere University Hospital, Finland
| | - Pekka J Karhunen
- From the Clinical Neurosciences, Neurology (I.P., S.M., T.P., M.K., P.L., T.E.) and Research Programs Unit, Molecular Neurology, Biomedicum Helsinki (I.P., J.S., P.L.), University of Helsinki, Finland; Department of Neurology, Helsinki University Hospital, Finland (I.P., S.M., T.P., M.K., P.L., T.E.); National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland (A.J., M.J.); Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Biomedicum, Helsinki, Finland (M.J.); School of Medicine, University of Tampere, Finland (N.O., P.J.K.); and FimLab Laboratories Ltd (N.O., P.J.K.) and Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery (N.O.), Tampere University Hospital, Finland
| | - Perttu Lindsberg
- From the Clinical Neurosciences, Neurology (I.P., S.M., T.P., M.K., P.L., T.E.) and Research Programs Unit, Molecular Neurology, Biomedicum Helsinki (I.P., J.S., P.L.), University of Helsinki, Finland; Department of Neurology, Helsinki University Hospital, Finland (I.P., S.M., T.P., M.K., P.L., T.E.); National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland (A.J., M.J.); Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Biomedicum, Helsinki, Finland (M.J.); School of Medicine, University of Tampere, Finland (N.O., P.J.K.); and FimLab Laboratories Ltd (N.O., P.J.K.) and Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery (N.O.), Tampere University Hospital, Finland
| | - Timo Erkinjuntti
- From the Clinical Neurosciences, Neurology (I.P., S.M., T.P., M.K., P.L., T.E.) and Research Programs Unit, Molecular Neurology, Biomedicum Helsinki (I.P., J.S., P.L.), University of Helsinki, Finland; Department of Neurology, Helsinki University Hospital, Finland (I.P., S.M., T.P., M.K., P.L., T.E.); National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland (A.J., M.J.); Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Biomedicum, Helsinki, Finland (M.J.); School of Medicine, University of Tampere, Finland (N.O., P.J.K.); and FimLab Laboratories Ltd (N.O., P.J.K.) and Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery (N.O.), Tampere University Hospital, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
72
|
Bjornsson E, Helgason H, Halldorsson G, Helgadottir A, Gylfason A, Kehr B, Jonasdottir A, Jonasdottir A, Sigurdsson A, Oddsson A, Thorleifsson G, Magnusson OT, Gretarsdottir S, Zink F, Kristjansson RP, Asgeirsdottir M, Swinkels DW, Kiemeney LA, Eyjolfsson GI, Sigurdardottir O, Masson G, Olafsson I, Thorgeirsson G, Holm H, Thorsteinsdottir U, Gudbjartsson DF, Sulem P, Stefansson K. A rare splice donor mutation in the haptoglobin gene associates with blood lipid levels and coronary artery disease. Hum Mol Genet 2017; 26:2364-2376. [DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddx123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
|
73
|
Collins RL, Brand H, Redin CE, Hanscom C, Antolik C, Stone MR, Glessner JT, Mason T, Pregno G, Dorrani N, Mandrile G, Giachino D, Perrin D, Walsh C, Cipicchio M, Costello M, Stortchevoi A, An JY, Currall BB, Seabra CM, Ragavendran A, Margolin L, Martinez-Agosto JA, Lucente D, Levy B, Sanders SJ, Wapner RJ, Quintero-Rivera F, Kloosterman W, Talkowski ME. Defining the diverse spectrum of inversions, complex structural variation, and chromothripsis in the morbid human genome. Genome Biol 2017; 18:36. [PMID: 28260531 PMCID: PMC5338099 DOI: 10.1186/s13059-017-1158-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Accepted: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Structural variation (SV) influences genome organization and contributes to human disease. However, the complete mutational spectrum of SV has not been routinely captured in disease association studies. Results We sequenced 689 participants with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and other developmental abnormalities to construct a genome-wide map of large SV. Using long-insert jumping libraries at 105X mean physical coverage and linked-read whole-genome sequencing from 10X Genomics, we document seven major SV classes at ~5 kb SV resolution. Our results encompass 11,735 distinct large SV sites, 38.1% of which are novel and 16.8% of which are balanced or complex. We characterize 16 recurrent subclasses of complex SV (cxSV), revealing that: (1) cxSV are larger and rarer than canonical SV; (2) each genome harbors 14 large cxSV on average; (3) 84.4% of large cxSVs involve inversion; and (4) most large cxSV (93.8%) have not been delineated in previous studies. Rare SVs are more likely to disrupt coding and regulatory non-coding loci, particularly when truncating constrained and disease-associated genes. We also identify multiple cases of catastrophic chromosomal rearrangements known as chromoanagenesis, including somatic chromoanasynthesis, and extreme balanced germline chromothripsis events involving up to 65 breakpoints and 60.6 Mb across four chromosomes, further defining rare categories of extreme cxSV. Conclusions These data provide a foundational map of large SV in the morbid human genome and demonstrate a previously underappreciated abundance and diversity of cxSV that should be considered in genomic studies of human disease. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13059-017-1158-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryan L Collins
- Molecular Neurogenetics Unit and Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Genomic Medicine, and Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.,Program in Bioinformatics and Integrative Genomics, Division of Medical Sciences, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.,Program in Population and Medical Genetics and Genomics Platform, The Broad Institute of M.I.T. and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Harrison Brand
- Molecular Neurogenetics Unit and Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Genomic Medicine, and Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.,Program in Population and Medical Genetics and Genomics Platform, The Broad Institute of M.I.T. and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Claire E Redin
- Molecular Neurogenetics Unit and Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Genomic Medicine, and Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.,Program in Population and Medical Genetics and Genomics Platform, The Broad Institute of M.I.T. and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Carrie Hanscom
- Molecular Neurogenetics Unit and Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Genomic Medicine, and Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.,Program in Population and Medical Genetics and Genomics Platform, The Broad Institute of M.I.T. and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Caroline Antolik
- Molecular Neurogenetics Unit and Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Genomic Medicine, and Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.,Program in Population and Medical Genetics and Genomics Platform, The Broad Institute of M.I.T. and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Matthew R Stone
- Molecular Neurogenetics Unit and Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Genomic Medicine, and Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.,Program in Population and Medical Genetics and Genomics Platform, The Broad Institute of M.I.T. and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Joseph T Glessner
- Molecular Neurogenetics Unit and Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Genomic Medicine, and Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.,Program in Population and Medical Genetics and Genomics Platform, The Broad Institute of M.I.T. and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Tamara Mason
- Program in Population and Medical Genetics and Genomics Platform, The Broad Institute of M.I.T. and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Giulia Pregno
- Medical Genetics Unit, Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, Orbassano, Italy
| | - Naghmeh Dorrani
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine and UCLA Clinical Genomics Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Giorgia Mandrile
- Medical Genetics Unit, Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, Orbassano, Italy
| | - Daniela Giachino
- Medical Genetics Unit, Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, Orbassano, Italy
| | - Danielle Perrin
- Program in Population and Medical Genetics and Genomics Platform, The Broad Institute of M.I.T. and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Cole Walsh
- Program in Population and Medical Genetics and Genomics Platform, The Broad Institute of M.I.T. and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Michelle Cipicchio
- Program in Population and Medical Genetics and Genomics Platform, The Broad Institute of M.I.T. and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Maura Costello
- Program in Population and Medical Genetics and Genomics Platform, The Broad Institute of M.I.T. and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Alexei Stortchevoi
- Molecular Neurogenetics Unit and Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Genomic Medicine, and Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.,Program in Population and Medical Genetics and Genomics Platform, The Broad Institute of M.I.T. and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Joon-Yong An
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94103, USA
| | - Benjamin B Currall
- Molecular Neurogenetics Unit and Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Genomic Medicine, and Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.,Program in Population and Medical Genetics and Genomics Platform, The Broad Institute of M.I.T. and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Catarina M Seabra
- Molecular Neurogenetics Unit and Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Genomic Medicine, and Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.,Program in Population and Medical Genetics and Genomics Platform, The Broad Institute of M.I.T. and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA.,GABBA Program, University of Porto, Porto, 4099-002, Portugal
| | - Ashok Ragavendran
- Molecular Neurogenetics Unit and Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Genomic Medicine, and Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.,Program in Population and Medical Genetics and Genomics Platform, The Broad Institute of M.I.T. and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Lauren Margolin
- Program in Population and Medical Genetics and Genomics Platform, The Broad Institute of M.I.T. and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Julian A Martinez-Agosto
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine and UCLA Clinical Genomics Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Diane Lucente
- Molecular Neurogenetics Unit and Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Genomic Medicine, and Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Brynn Levy
- Department of Pathology, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Stephan J Sanders
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94103, USA
| | - Ronald J Wapner
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Fabiola Quintero-Rivera
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine and UCLA Clinical Genomics Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Wigard Kloosterman
- Department of Medical Genetics, Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, 3584CG, The Netherlands
| | - Michael E Talkowski
- Molecular Neurogenetics Unit and Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Genomic Medicine, and Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA. .,Program in Bioinformatics and Integrative Genomics, Division of Medical Sciences, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA. .,Program in Population and Medical Genetics and Genomics Platform, The Broad Institute of M.I.T. and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
74
|
Bonnefond A, Yengo L, Dechaume A, Canouil M, Castelain M, Roger E, Allegaert F, Caiazzo R, Raverdy V, Pigeyre M, Arredouani A, Borys JM, Lévy-Marchal C, Weill J, Roussel R, Balkau B, Marre M, Pattou F, Brousseau T, Froguel P. Relationship between salivary/pancreatic amylase and body mass index: a systems biology approach. BMC Med 2017; 15:37. [PMID: 28228143 PMCID: PMC5322607 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-017-0784-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Salivary (AMY1) and pancreatic (AMY2) amylases hydrolyze starch. Copy number of AMY1A (encoding AMY1) was reported to be higher in populations with a high-starch diet and reduced in obese people. These results based on quantitative PCR have been challenged recently. We aimed to re-assess the relationship between amylase and adiposity using a systems biology approach. METHODS We assessed the association between plasma enzymatic activity of AMY1 or AMY2, and several metabolic traits in almost 4000 French individuals from D.E.S.I.R. longitudinal study. The effect of the number of copies of AMY1A (encoding AMY1) or AMY2A (encoding AMY2) measured through droplet digital PCR was then analyzed on the same parameters in the same study. A Mendelian randomization analysis was also performed. We subsequently assessed the association between AMY1A copy number and obesity risk in two case-control studies (5000 samples in total). Finally, we assessed the association between body mass index (BMI)-related plasma metabolites and AMY1 or AMY2 activity. RESULTS We evidenced strong associations between AMY1 or AMY2 activity and lower BMI. However, we found a modest contribution of AMY1A copy number to lower BMI. Mendelian randomization identified a causal negative effect of BMI on AMY1 and AMY2 activities. Yet, we also found a significant negative contribution of AMY1 activity at baseline to the change in BMI during the 9-year follow-up, and a significant contribution of AMY1A copy number to lower obesity risk in children, suggesting a bidirectional relationship between AMY1 activity and adiposity. Metabonomics identified a BMI-independent association between AMY1 activity and lactate, a product of complex carbohydrate fermentation. CONCLUSIONS These findings provide new insights into the involvement of amylase in adiposity and starch metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amélie Bonnefond
- University of Lille, CNRS, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR 8199 - EGID, Lille, 59000, France.
| | - Loïc Yengo
- University of Lille, CNRS, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR 8199 - EGID, Lille, 59000, France.,Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4067, Australia
| | - Aurélie Dechaume
- University of Lille, CNRS, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR 8199 - EGID, Lille, 59000, France
| | - Mickaël Canouil
- University of Lille, CNRS, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR 8199 - EGID, Lille, 59000, France
| | - Maxime Castelain
- University of Lille, CNRS, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR 8199 - EGID, Lille, 59000, France
| | - Estelle Roger
- University of Lille, CNRS, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR 8199 - EGID, Lille, 59000, France
| | - Frédéric Allegaert
- University of Lille, CNRS, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR 8199 - EGID, Lille, 59000, France
| | - Robert Caiazzo
- University of Lille, Inserm, U1190 - EGID, Lille, 59000, France.,Endocrine Surgery Department, CHU of Lille, Lille, 59000, France
| | - Violeta Raverdy
- University of Lille, Inserm, U1190 - EGID, Lille, 59000, France.,Endocrine Surgery Department, CHU of Lille, Lille, 59000, France
| | - Marie Pigeyre
- University of Lille, Inserm, U1190 - EGID, Lille, 59000, France.,Endocrine Surgery Department, CHU of Lille, Lille, 59000, France
| | | | | | - Claire Lévy-Marchal
- Inserm CIE 05 - Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Robert Debré Hospital, Paris, 75019, France
| | - Jacques Weill
- Pediatric Endocrine Department, CHU of Lille, Lille, 59000, France
| | - Ronan Roussel
- Inserm, U1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, 75006, France.,Paris-Diderot University, Sorbonne Paris-Cité, Paris, 75013, France.,Department of Endocrinology-Diabetology and Nutrition, DHU-FIRE, Bichat Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, 75018, France
| | - Beverley Balkau
- Inserm, U1018, CESP, Team 5 (EpReC, Renal and cardiovascular Epidemiology), UVSQ-UPS, Villejuif, 94807, France
| | - Michel Marre
- Inserm, U1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, 75006, France.,Paris-Diderot University, Sorbonne Paris-Cité, Paris, 75013, France.,Department of Endocrinology-Diabetology and Nutrition, DHU-FIRE, Bichat Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, 75018, France
| | - François Pattou
- University of Lille, Inserm, U1190 - EGID, Lille, 59000, France.,Endocrine Surgery Department, CHU of Lille, Lille, 59000, France
| | - Thierry Brousseau
- UF8832 - Biochimie Automatisée, Pôle de Biologie Pathologie Génétique, CHU of Lille, Lille, 59000, France
| | - Philippe Froguel
- University of Lille, CNRS, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR 8199 - EGID, Lille, 59000, France. .,Department of Genomics of Common Disease, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, W12 0NN, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
75
|
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Plasma lipids, namely cholesterol and triglyceride, and lipoproteins, such as low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and high-density lipoprotein, serve numerous physiological roles. Perturbed levels of these traits underlie monogenic dyslipidemias, a diverse group of multisystem disorders. We are on the verge of having a relatively complete picture of the human dyslipidemias and their components. RECENT FINDINGS Recent advances in genetics of plasma lipids and lipoproteins include the following: (1) expanding the range of genes causing monogenic dyslipidemias, particularly elevated LDL cholesterol; (2) appreciating the role of polygenic effects in such traits as familial hypercholesterolemia and combined hyperlipidemia; (3) accumulating a list of common variants that determine plasma lipids and lipoproteins; (4) applying exome sequencing to identify collections of rare variants determining plasma lipids and lipoproteins that via Mendelian randomization have also implicated gene products such as NPC1L1, APOC3, LDLR, APOA5, and ANGPTL4 as causal for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease; and (5) using naturally occurring genetic variation to identify new drug targets, including inhibitors of apolipoprotein (apo) C-III, apo(a), ANGPTL3, and ANGPTL4. SUMMARY Here, we compile this disparate range of data linking human genetic variation to plasma lipids and lipoproteins, providing a "one stop shop" for the interested reader.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline S. Dron
- Departments of Medicine and Biochemistry, and Robarts Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, 4288A - 1151 Richmond Street North, London, ON N6A 5B7 Canada
| | - Robert A. Hegele
- Departments of Medicine and Biochemistry, and Robarts Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, 4288A - 1151 Richmond Street North, London, ON N6A 5B7 Canada
| |
Collapse
|
76
|
Hollox EJ, Wain LV. Recurrent mutation at the classical haptoglobin structural polymorphism. Nat Genet 2016; 48:347-8. [DOI: 10.1038/ng.3534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|