51
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Wekell P, Berg S, Karlsson A, Fasth A. Toward an Inclusive, Congruent, and Precise Definition of Autoinflammatory Diseases. Front Immunol 2017; 8:497. [PMID: 28496446 PMCID: PMC5406409 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Autoinflammatory disease was introduced as a concept in 1999, demarcating an entirely new group of diseases in clinical, immunological, and conceptual terms. During recent years, the preconditions for the definition of autoinflammatory conditions have changed. This includes the recent discovery of a number of monogenic autoinflammatory conditions with complex phenotypes that combine autoinflammation with defects of the adaptive and/or innate immune system, resulting in the occurrence of infection, autoimmunity, and/or uncontrolled hyperinflammation in addition to autoinflammation. Further, there are strong indications that classical IL-1-driven autoinflammatory diseases are associated with activation of adaptive immunity. As suggested by this development, we are of the opinion that an all-encompassing definition of autoinflammatory diseases should regard autoinflammatory conditions and innate dysregulation as inseparable and integral parts of the immune system as a whole. Hence, in this article, we try to advance the conceptual understanding of autoinflammatory disease by, proposing a modification of the definition by Daniel Kastner et al., which allows for a congruent and precise description of conditions that expand the immunological spectrum of autoinflammatory disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Per Wekell
- Department of Pediatrics, NU-Hospital Group, Uddevalla, Sweden.,Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Clinical Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Stefan Berg
- Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Clinical Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,The Queen Silvia Children's Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anna Karlsson
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anders Fasth
- Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Clinical Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,The Queen Silvia Children's Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
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52
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Abstract
Autoinflammatory disorders are sterile inflammatory conditions characterized by episodes of early-onset fever, rash, and disease-specific patterns of organ inflammation. Gain-of-function mutations in innate danger-sensing pathways, including the inflammasomes and the nucleic acid sensing pathways, play critical roles in the pathogenesis of IL-1 and Type-I IFN-mediated disorders and point to an important role of excessive proinflammatory cytokine signaling, including interleukin (IL)-1b , Type-I interferons, IL-18, TNF and others in causing the organ specific immune dysregulation. The article discusses the concept of targeting proinflammatory cytokines and their signaling pathways with cytokine blocking treatments that have been life changing for some patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyawt Win Shwin
- Translational Autoinflammatory Disease Studies, Rheumatology Fellowship Program, National Institutes of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Building 10, Room 6D-52, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Division of Rheumatic Diseases, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas VA Medical Center, North Texas Health Care System, 4500 S. Lancaster Road, Dallas, TX 75216, USA
| | - Chyi-Chia Richard Lee
- Dermatopathology Section, Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research (CCR), National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Building 10, Room 2S235J, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Raphaela Goldbach-Mansky
- Translational Autoinflammatory Disease Studies, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Building 10, Room 6D-47B, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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53
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Urban DJ, Anthwal N, Luo ZX, Maier JA, Sadier A, Tucker AS, Sears KE. A new developmental mechanism for the separation of the mammalian middle ear ossicles from the jaw. Proc Biol Sci 2017; 284:20162416. [PMID: 28179517 PMCID: PMC5310609 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2016.2416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple mammalian lineages independently evolved a definitive mammalian middle ear (DMME) through breakdown of Meckel's cartilage (MC). However, the cellular and molecular drivers of this evolutionary transition remain unknown for most mammal groups. Here, we identify such drivers in the living marsupial opossum Monodelphis domestica, whose MC transformation during development anatomically mirrors the evolutionary transformation observed in fossils. Specifically, we link increases in cellular apoptosis and TGF-BR2 signalling to MC breakdown in opossums. We demonstrate that a simple change in TGF-β signalling is sufficient to inhibit MC breakdown during opossum development, indicating that changes in TGF-β signalling might be key during mammalian evolution. Furthermore, the apoptosis that we observe during opossum MC breakdown does not seemingly occur in mouse, consistent with homoplastic DMME evolution in the marsupial and placental lineages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Urban
- School of Integrative Biology, University of Illinois, 505 S Goodwin Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Neal Anthwal
- Department of Craniofacial Development and Stem Cell Biology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Zhe-Xi Luo
- Department of Organismal Biology and Anatomy, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Jennifer A Maier
- School of Integrative Biology, University of Illinois, 505 S Goodwin Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Alexa Sadier
- School of Integrative Biology, University of Illinois, 505 S Goodwin Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Abigail S Tucker
- Department of Craniofacial Development and Stem Cell Biology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Karen E Sears
- School of Integrative Biology, University of Illinois, 505 S Goodwin Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Carl Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois, 1206 W Gregory Drive, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
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54
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Rigante D. A systematic approach to autoinflammatory syndromes: a spelling booklet for the beginner. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2017; 13:571-597. [PMID: 28064547 DOI: 10.1080/1744666x.2017.1280396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Donato Rigante
- Institute of Pediatrics, Periodic Fever Research Center, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, Università Cattolica Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
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55
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Sacri AS, Bruwier A, Baujat G, Breton S, Blanche S, Briggs TA, Bader-Meunier B. Childhood-onset autoimmune cytopenia as the presenting feature of biallelic ACP5 mutations. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2017; 64:306-310. [PMID: 27718324 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.26195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2016] [Revised: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Childhood-onset chronic and refractory cytopenias are rare and may be genetic in etiology. We report three pediatric cases of severe autoimmune thrombocytopenia or anemia associated with growth retardation and spastic diplegia with intracranial calcification. The identification of platyspondyly and metaphyseal lesions suggested a potential diagnosis of spondyloenchondrodysplasia (SPENCD), which was confirmed with the identification of biallelic ACP5 mutations. Two patients demonstrated elevated serum interferon alpha levels. Our report highlights ACP5-associated disease as a cause of childhood-onset autoimmune cytopenia, particularly combined with growth retardation and/or spasticity. Furthermore, a role for type I interferon in the pathogenesis of autoimmune cytopenias is supported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Sylvia Sacri
- Department of Pediatric Immunology, Hematology and Rheumatology, Hôpital Necker, APHP, Paris, France
| | - Annelyse Bruwier
- Department of Pediatric Hematology Oncology, Clinique Universitaire Saint-Luc, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Geneviève Baujat
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Hôpital Necker, APHP, Paris, France
- Institut IMAGINE, Paris, France
| | - Sylvain Breton
- Department of Pediatric Radiology, Hôpital Necker, APHP, Paris
| | - Stéphane Blanche
- Department of Pediatric Immunology, Hematology and Rheumatology, Hôpital Necker, APHP, Paris, France
- Institut IMAGINE, Paris, France
| | - Tracy A Briggs
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, St Mary's Hospital, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
- Division of Evolution and Genomic Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT
| | - Brigitte Bader-Meunier
- Department of Pediatric Immunology, Hematology and Rheumatology, Hôpital Necker, APHP, Paris, France
- Institut IMAGINE, Paris, France
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56
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Utsumi T, Okada S, Izawa K, Honda Y, Nishimura G, Nishikomori R, Okano R, Kobayashi M. A Case with Spondyloenchondrodysplasia Treated with Growth Hormone. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2017; 8:157. [PMID: 28740483 PMCID: PMC5502255 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2017.00157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Spondyloenchondrodysplasia (SPENCD) is an autosomal recessive skeletal dysplasia caused by loss of function mutations in acid phosphatase 5, tartrate resistant (ACP5). Hypomorphic ACP5 mutations impair endochondral bone growth and create an interferon (INF) signature, which lead to distinctive spondylar and metaphyseal dysplasias, and extraskeletal morbidity, such as neurological involvement and immune dysregulation, respectively. We report an affected boy with novel ACP5 mutations, a splice-site mutation (736-2 A>C) and a nonsense mutation (R176X). He presented with postnatal short stature, which led to a diagnosis of partial growth hormone (GH) deficiency at 3 years of age. GH therapy was beneficial in accelerating his growth velocity. At 6 years of age, however, metaphyseal abnormalities of the knee attracted medical attention, and subsequent assessment ascertained the typical skeletal phenotype of SPENCD, brain calcifications, and an INF signature. This anecdotal experience indicates the potential efficacy of GH for growth failure in SPENCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takanori Utsumi
- Department of Pediatrics, Onomichi General Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
- *Correspondence: Takanori Utsumi,
| | - Satoshi Okada
- Department of Pediatrics, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Kazushi Izawa
- Department of Pediatrics, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Honda
- Department of Pediatrics, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Gen Nishimura
- Department of Pediatric Imaging, Tokyo Metropolitan Children’s Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryuta Nishikomori
- Department of Pediatrics, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Rika Okano
- Department of Pediatrics, Onomichi General Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Masao Kobayashi
- Department of Pediatrics, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan
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57
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Assessment of Type I Interferon Signaling in Pediatric Inflammatory Disease. J Clin Immunol 2016; 37:123-132. [PMID: 27943079 PMCID: PMC5325846 DOI: 10.1007/s10875-016-0359-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Increased type I interferon is considered relevant to the pathology of a number of monogenic and complex disorders spanning pediatric rheumatology, neurology, and dermatology. However, no test exists in routine clinical practice to identify enhanced interferon signaling, thus limiting the ability to diagnose and monitor treatment of these diseases. Here, we set out to investigate the use of an assay measuring the expression of a panel of interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) in children affected by a range of inflammatory diseases. Design, Setting, and Participants A cohort study was conducted between 2011 and 2016 at the University of Manchester, UK, and the Institut Imagine, Paris, France. RNA PAXgene blood samples and clinical data were collected from controls and symptomatic patients with a genetically confirmed or clinically well-defined inflammatory phenotype. The expression of six ISGs was measured by quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and the median fold change was used to calculate an interferon score (IS) for each subject compared to a previously derived panel of 29 controls (where +2 SD of the control data, an IS of >2.466, is considered as abnormal). Results were correlated with genetic and clinical data. Results Nine hundred ninety-two samples were analyzed from 630 individuals comprising symptomatic patients across 24 inflammatory genotypes/phenotypes, unaffected heterozygous carriers, and controls. A consistent upregulation of ISG expression was seen in 13 monogenic conditions (455 samples, 265 patients; median IS 10.73, interquartile range (IQR) 5.90–18.41), juvenile systemic lupus erythematosus (78 samples, 55 patients; median IS 10.60, IQR 3.99–17.27), and juvenile dermatomyositis (101 samples, 59 patients; median IS 9.02, IQR 2.51–21.73) compared to controls (78 samples, 65 subjects; median IS 0.688, IQR 0.427–1.196), heterozygous mutation carriers (89 samples, 76 subjects; median IS 0.862, IQR 0.493–1.942), and individuals with non-molecularly defined autoinflammation (89 samples, 69 patients; median IS 1.07, IQR 0.491–3.74). Conclusions and Relevance An assessment of six ISGs can be used to define a spectrum of inflammatory diseases related to enhanced type I interferon signaling. If future studies demonstrate that the IS is a reactive biomarker, this measure may prove useful both in the diagnosis and the assessment of treatment efficacy. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s10875-016-0359-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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58
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An J, Briggs TA, Dumax-Vorzet A, Alarcón-Riquelme ME, Belot A, Beresford M, Bruce IN, Carvalho C, Chaperot L, Frostegård J, Plumas J, Rice GI, Vyse TJ, Wiedeman A, Crow YJ, Elkon KB. Tartrate-Resistant Acid Phosphatase Deficiency in the Predisposition to Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. Arthritis Rheumatol 2016; 69:131-142. [PMID: 27390188 DOI: 10.1002/art.39810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2015] [Accepted: 06/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Mutations in the ACP5 gene, which encodes tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP), cause the immuno-osseous disorder spondyloenchondrodysplasia, which includes as disease features systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and a type I interferon (IFN) signature. Our aims were to identify TRAP substrates, determine the consequences of TRAP deficiency in immune cells, and assess whether ACP5 mutations are enriched in sporadic cases of SLE. METHODS Interaction between TRAP and its binding partners was tested by a yeast 2-hybrid screening, confocal microscopy, and immunoprecipitation/Western blotting. TRAP knockdown was performed using small interfering RNA. Phosphorylation of osteopontin (OPN) was analyzed by mass spectrometry. Nucleotide sequence analysis of ACP5 was performed by Sanger sequencing or next-generation sequencing. RESULTS TRAP and OPN colocalized and interacted in human macrophages and plasmacytoid dendritic cells (PDCs). TRAP dephosphorylated 3 serine residues on specific OPN peptides. TRAP knockdown resulted in increased OPN phosphorylation and increased nuclear translocation of IRF7 and P65, with resultant heightened expression of IFN-stimulated genes and IL6 and TNF following Toll-like receptor 9 stimulation. An excess of heterozygous ACP5 missense variants was observed in SLE compared to controls (P = 0.04), and transfection experiments revealed a significant reduction in TRAP activity in a number of variants. CONCLUSION Our findings indicate that TRAP and OPN colocalize and that OPN is a substrate for TRAP in human immune cells. TRAP deficiency in PDCs leads to increased IFNα production, providing at least a partial explanation for how ACP5 mutations cause lupus in the context of spondyloenchondrodysplasia. Detection of ACP5 missense variants in a lupus cohort suggests that impaired TRAP functioning may increase susceptibility to sporadic lupus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie An
- University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Tracy A Briggs
- University of Manchester and St. Mary's Hospital, Central Manchester Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | | | - Marta E Alarcón-Riquelme
- Universidad de Granada-Junta de Andalucía, Granada, Spain, and Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City
| | - Alexandre Belot
- Pediatric Rheumatology Unit, Femme Mère Enfant Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, INSERM U1111, University of Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Michael Beresford
- Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Ian N Bruce
- University of Manchester and Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Claudia Carvalho
- Universidade do Porto, Abel Salazar Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Porto, Portugal
| | - Laurence Chaperot
- INSERM U823/UJF/EFS, UGA, INSERM U1209, CNRS 5309, Immunobiology and Immunotherapy of Cancers and Chronic Diseases, Grenoble, France
| | | | - Joel Plumas
- INSERM U823/UJF/EFS, UGA, INSERM U1209, CNRS 5309, Immunobiology and Immunotherapy of Cancers and Chronic Diseases, Grenoble, France
| | | | | | | | - Yanick J Crow
- University of Manchester, Manchester, UK, and Institut Imagine, Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Neuroinflammation, Paris, France
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59
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Machol K, Jain M, Almannai M, Orand T, Lu JT, Tran A, Chen Y, Schlesinger A, Gibbs R, Bonafe L, Campos-Xavier AB, Unger S, Superti-Furga A, Lee BH, Campeau PM, Burrage LC. Corner fracture type spondylometaphyseal dysplasia: Overlap with type II collagenopathies. Am J Med Genet A 2016; 173:733-739. [PMID: 27888646 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.38059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Spondylometaphyseal dysplasia (SMD) corner fracture type (also known as SMD "Sutcliffe" type, MIM 184255) is a rare skeletal dysplasia that presents with mild to moderate short stature, developmental coxa vara, mild platyspondyly, corner fracture-like lesions, and metaphyseal abnormalities with sparing of the epiphyses. The molecular basis for this disorder has yet to be clarified. We describe two patients with SMD corner fracture type and heterozygous pathogenic variants in COL2A1. These two cases together with a third case of SMD corner fracture type with a heterozygous COL2A1 pathogenic variant previously described suggest that this disorder overlaps with type II collagenopathies. The finding of one of the pathogenic variants in a previously reported case of spondyloepimetaphyseal dysplasia (SEMD) Strudwick type and the significant clinical similarity suggest an overlap between SMD corner fracture and SEMD Strudwick types. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keren Machol
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Mahim Jain
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Mohammed Almannai
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Thibault Orand
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - James T Lu
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.,Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Alyssa Tran
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Yuqing Chen
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Alan Schlesinger
- Department of Pediatric Radiology, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas
| | - Richard Gibbs
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.,Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Luisa Bonafe
- Centre for Molecular Diseases and Department of Pediatrics, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ana Belinda Campos-Xavier
- Centre for Molecular Diseases and Department of Pediatrics, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sheila Unger
- Service of Medical Genetics, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Superti-Furga
- Service of Medical Genetics, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Brendan H Lee
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Philippe M Campeau
- Department of Pediatrics, CHU Sainte-Justine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Lindsay C Burrage
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
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60
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Rodero MP, Crow YJ. Type I interferon-mediated monogenic autoinflammation: The type I interferonopathies, a conceptual overview. J Exp Med 2016; 213:2527-2538. [PMID: 27821552 PMCID: PMC5110029 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20161596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 293] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2016] [Revised: 10/17/2016] [Accepted: 10/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Type I interferon is a potent substance. As such, the induction, transmission, and resolution of the type I interferon-mediated immune response are tightly regulated. As defined, the type I interferonopathies represent discrete examples of a disturbance of the homeostatic control of this system caused by Mendelian mutations. Considering the complexity of the interferon response, the identification of further monogenic diseases belonging to this disease grouping seems likely, with the recognition of type I interferonopathies becoming of increasing clinical importance as treatment options are developed based on an understanding of disease pathology and innate immune signaling. Definition of the type I interferonopathies indicates that autoinflammation can be both interferon and noninterferon related, and that a primary disturbance of the innate immune system can "spill over" into autoimmunity in some cases. Indeed, that several non-Mendelian disorders, most particularly systemic lupus erythematosus and dermatomyositis, are also characterized by an up-regulation of type I interferon signaling suggests the possibility that insights derived from this work will have relevance to a broader field of clinical medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu P Rodero
- INSERM UMR 1163, Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Neuroinflammation, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Yanick J Crow
- INSERM UMR 1163, Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Neuroinflammation, 75015 Paris, France
- Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne-Paris-Cité, Institut Imagine, Hôpital Necker, 75015 Paris, France
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine, and Health, Division of Evolution and Genomic Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9NT, England, UK
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61
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Abstract
Type I interferons (IFNs) play a central role in the immune defense against viral infections. Type I IFN activation is induced by pattern-recognition receptors of the innate immune system that sense pathogen-derived nucleic acids. Cellular responses to type I IFN signaling are orchestrated by a complex network of regulatory pathways that involve both the innate and adaptive immune system. The genetic and molecular dissection of rare Mendelian disorders associated with constitutive overproduction of type I IFN has provided unique insight into cell-intrinsic disease mechanisms that initiate and sustain autoinflammation and autoimmunity and that are caused by disturbances in the intracellular nucleic acid metabolism or in cytosolic nucleic acid-sensing pathways. Collectively, these findings have greatly advanced our understanding of mechanisms that protect the organism against inappropriate immune activation triggered by self nucleic acids while maintaining a prompt and efficient immune response to foreign nucleic acids derived from invading pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Ae Lee-Kirsch
- Department of Pediatrics, Medizinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany;
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62
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Lam MMW, Mapletoft JP, Miller MS. Abnormal regulation of the antiviral response in neurological/neurodegenerative diseases. Cytokine 2016; 88:251-258. [PMID: 27697702 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2016.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Revised: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 09/02/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis are a few examples of debilitating neurological/neurodegenerative diseases for which there are currently no curative treatments. Recent evidence has strongly suggested a role for neuroinflammation in both the onset and progression of these diseases. However, the mechanisms that initiate neuroinflammation are presently unclear. Mounting evidence suggests that environmental factors are likely involved. One proposed mechanism linking both genetic and environmental factors is dysregulation of the antiviral response. Indeed, many mutations that have been linked to neurological conditions occur in genes related to the antiviral response. Although the products of these genes may have potent antiviral activities - they can also have deleterious effects when their expression is not appropriately regulated. For that reason, expression of antiviral genes is a tightly controlled process. Herein, we review the various antiviral genes that have been linked to neurological conditions. We focus specifically on type I interferonopathies, the symptoms of which are often evident at birth, and neurodegenerative diseases, which frequently onset later in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mannie Man Wai Lam
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Infectious Diseases Research, McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jonathan P Mapletoft
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Infectious Diseases Research, McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Ontario, Canada
| | - Matthew S Miller
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Infectious Diseases Research, McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Ontario, Canada.
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63
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Insights from Mendelian Interferonopathies: Comparison of CANDLE, SAVI with AGS, Monogenic Lupus. J Mol Med (Berl) 2016; 94:1111-1127. [PMID: 27678529 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-016-1465-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Revised: 08/16/2016] [Accepted: 08/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Autoinflammatory disorders are sterile inflammatory conditions characterized by episodes of early-onset fever and disease-specific patterns of organ inflammation. Recently, the discoveries of monogenic disorders with strong type I interferon (IFN) signatures caused by mutations in proteasome degradation and cytoplasmic RNA and DNA sensing pathways suggest a pathogenic role of IFNs in causing autoinflammatory phenotypes. The IFN response gene signature (IGS) has been associated with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and other autoimmune diseases. In this review, we compare the clinical presentations and pathogenesis of two IFN-mediated autoinflammatory diseases, CANDLE and SAVI, with Aicardi Goutières syndrome (AGS) and monogenic forms of SLE (monoSLE) caused by loss-of-function mutations in complement 1 (C1q) or the DNA nucleases, DNASE1 and DNASE1L3. We outline differences in intracellular signaling pathways that fuel a pathologic type I IFN amplification cycle. While IFN amplification is caused by predominantly innate immune cell dysfunction in SAVI, CANDLE, and AGS, autoantibodies to modified RNA and DNA antigens interact with tissues and immune cells including neutrophils and contribute to IFN upregulation in some SLE patients including monoSLE, thus justifying a grouping of "autoinflammatory" and "autoimmune" interferonopathies. Understanding of the differences in the cellular sources and signaling pathways will guide new drug development and the use of emerging targeted therapies.
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64
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Exome sequencing a review of new strategies for rare genomic disease research. Genomics 2016; 108:109-114. [PMID: 27387609 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2016.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2016] [Revised: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 06/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The journey related to genomic information access and utilization by researchers and clinicians has barely begun to be travelled. There remains a broad horizon in the research and clinical arenas for fulfillment of that journey. Exciting is the potential depth and breadth of research, clinical applications, and more personalized medicine, that remain on the horizon. Exome sequencing has clarified the responsibilities of over 130 genes, greatly expanding the medical genetics database and enabling the development of orphan disease-based pharmaceuticals. Our research focus was to review >50 literature sources that related to rare genomic disease research and exome sequencing, as well as the new research and diagnostic strategies that were utilized. Using a systems approach, under discussion are ciliopathy, dermatology, otorhinolaryngology, immunology, gastroenterology, hematopoiesis, metabolic diseases, and the cardiovascular system. Also discussed are genetic, syndromic, and mitochondrial exome research. Recommendations for future research will also be discussed.
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Abstract
Defective regulation of type I interferon response is associated with severe inflammatory phenotypes and autoimmunity. Type I interferonopathies are a clinically heterogenic group of Mendelian diseases with a constitutive activation of this pathway that might present as atypical, severe, early onset rheumatic diseases. Skin vasculopathy with chilblains and livedo reticularis, interstitial lung disease, and panniculitis are common. Recent studies have implicated abnormal responses to nucleic acid stimuli or defective regulation of downstream effector molecules in disease pathogenesis. As observed for IL1-β and autoinflammatory diseases, knowledge of the defects responsible for type I interferonopathies will likely promote the development of targeted therapy.
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66
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Volpi S, Picco P, Caorsi R, Candotti F, Gattorno M. Type I interferonopathies in pediatric rheumatology. Pediatr Rheumatol Online J 2016; 14:35. [PMID: 27260006 PMCID: PMC4893274 DOI: 10.1186/s12969-016-0094-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 05/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Defective regulation of type I interferon response is associated with severe inflammatory phenotypes and autoimmunity. Type I interferonopathies are a clinically heterogenic group of Mendelian diseases with a constitutive activation of this pathway that might present as atypical, severe, early onset rheumatic diseases. Skin vasculopathy with chilblains and livedo reticularis, interstitial lung disease, and panniculitis are common. Recent studies have implicated abnormal responses to nucleic acid stimuli or defective regulation of downstream effector molecules in disease pathogenesis. As observed for IL1-β and autoinflammatory diseases, knowledge of the defects responsible for type I interferonopathies will likely promote the development of targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Volpi
- U.O. Pediatria 2, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Paolo Picco
- U.O. Pediatria 2, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Roberta Caorsi
- U.O. Pediatria 2, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Fabio Candotti
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, University Hospital of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Marco Gattorno
- U.O. Pediatria 2, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy.
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67
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de Jesus AA, Goldbach-Mansky R. Genetically defined autoinflammatory diseases. Oral Dis 2016; 22:591-604. [PMID: 26837051 DOI: 10.1111/odi.12448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2016] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Autoinflammatory diseases are hyperinflammatory, immune dysregulatory conditions that typically present in early childhood with fever and rashes and disease-specific patterns of organ inflammation. This review provides a historic background of autoinflammatory disease research, an overview of the currently genetically defined autoinflammatory diseases, and insights into treatment strategies derived from understanding of the disease pathogenesis. The integrative assessment of autoinflammatory conditions led to the identification of innate pro-inflammatory cytokine 'amplification loops' as the cause of the systemic and organ-specific disease manifestations, which initially centered around increased IL-1 production and signaling. More recently, additional innate pro-inflammatory cytokine amplification loops resulting in increased Type I IFN, IL-17, IL-18, or IL-36 signaling or production have led to the successful use of targeted therapies in some of these conditions. Clinical findings such as fever patterns, type of skin lesions, genetic mutation testing, and the prevalent cytokine abnormalities can be used to group autoinflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A de Jesus
- Translational Autoinflammatory Diseases Section, National Institute of Arthritis, Musculoskeletal and Skin diseases (NIAMS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - R Goldbach-Mansky
- Translational Autoinflammatory Diseases Section, National Institute of Arthritis, Musculoskeletal and Skin diseases (NIAMS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA.
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68
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Briggs TA, Rice GI, Adib N, Ades L, Barete S, Baskar K, Baudouin V, Cebeci AN, Clapuyt P, Coman D, De Somer L, Finezilber Y, Frydman M, Guven A, Heritier S, Karall D, Kulkarni ML, Lebon P, Levitt D, Le Merrer M, Linglart A, Livingston JH, Navarro V, Okenfuss E, Puel A, Revencu N, Scholl-Bürgi S, Vivarelli M, Wouters C, Bader-Meunier B, Crow YJ. Spondyloenchondrodysplasia Due to Mutations in ACP5: A Comprehensive Survey. J Clin Immunol 2016; 36:220-34. [PMID: 26951490 PMCID: PMC4792361 DOI: 10.1007/s10875-016-0252-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Purpose Spondyloenchondrodysplasia is a rare immuno-osseous dysplasia caused by biallelic mutations in ACP5. We aimed to provide a survey of the skeletal, neurological and immune manifestations of this disease in a cohort of molecularly confirmed cases. Methods We compiled clinical, genetic and serological data from a total of 26 patients from 18 pedigrees, all with biallelic ACP5 mutations. Results We observed a variability in skeletal, neurological and immune phenotypes, which was sometimes marked even between affected siblings. In total, 22 of 26 patients manifested autoimmune disease, most frequently autoimmune thrombocytopenia and systemic lupus erythematosus. Four patients were considered to demonstrate no clinical autoimmune disease, although two were positive for autoantibodies. In the majority of patients tested we detected upregulated expression of interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs), in keeping with the autoimmune phenotype and the likely immune-regulatory function of the deficient protein tartrate resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP). Two mutation positive patients did not demonstrate an upregulation of ISGs, including one patient with significant autoimmune disease controlled by immunosuppressive therapy. Conclusions Our data expand the known phenotype of SPENCD. We propose that the OMIM differentiation between spondyloenchondrodysplasia and spondyloenchondrodysplasia with immune dysregulation is no longer appropriate, since the molecular evidence that we provide suggests that these phenotypes represent a continuum of the same disorder. In addition, the absence of an interferon signature following immunomodulatory treatments in a patient with significant autoimmune disease may indicate a therapeutic response important for the immune manifestations of spondyloenchondrodysplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tracy A Briggs
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, Institute of Human Development, Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK. .,St Mary's Hospital, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK.
| | - Gillian I Rice
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, Institute of Human Development, Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Navid Adib
- Department of Rheumatology, The Lady Cilento Children's Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Lesley Ades
- Department of Clinical Genetics, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, Australia.,Discipline of Paedatrics and Child Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Stephane Barete
- Dermatology Department, Pitie-Salpetriere Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Kannan Baskar
- Creighton University, 2500 California Plaza, NE 68178, Omaha, USA
| | - Veronique Baudouin
- Pediatric Nephrology Department, Robert Debré University Hospital - APHP, 48 boulevard Sérurier, 75019, Paris, France
| | - Ayse N Cebeci
- Goztepe Educational and Research Hospital Pediatric Endocrinology Clinic, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Philippe Clapuyt
- Pediatric Imaging Unit, Cliniques universitaires Saint-Luc, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - David Coman
- Neuroscience Department, The Lady Cilento Children's Hospital, Brisbane, Australia.,School of Medicine, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia
| | - Lien De Somer
- Pediatric Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospitals Leuven, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Yael Finezilber
- Danek Gertner Institute of Human Genetics, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Moshe Frydman
- Danek Gertner Institute of Human Genetics, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Ayla Guven
- Goztepe Educational and Research Hospital Pediatric Endocrinology Clinic, Istanbul, Türkiye.,Amasya University Medical Faculty, Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Sébastien Heritier
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Trousseau Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), Paris, France
| | - Daniela Karall
- Clinic for Pediatrics I, Inherited Metabolic Disorders, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstr. 35, A-6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | - Pierre Lebon
- Service de Virologie, AP-HP Hôpital Cochin, Paris, France
| | - David Levitt
- Department of Paediatrics, The Lady Cilento Children's Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Martine Le Merrer
- Centre de Référence des Maladies Osseuses Constitutionnelles et Institut Imagine, Hopital Necker 149 rue de Sevres, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Agnes Linglart
- APHP, Bicêtre Paris Sud, Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology for Children, 94270, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France.,Reference Center for Rare Disorders of the Mineral Metabolism and Plateforme d'expertise Paris Sud Maladies Rares, APHP, 94270, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
| | - John H Livingston
- Department of Paediatric Neurology, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK
| | | | - Ericka Okenfuss
- Kaiser Permanente - Genetics, 1650 Response Rd, Sacramento, CA, 95815, USA
| | - Anne Puel
- Génétique Humaine des Maladies Infectieuses, INSERM UMR 1163, Université Paris Descartes Sorbonne Paris Cité, Institut Imagine, Pièce 421-B1, 24 boulevard du Montparnasse, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Nicole Revencu
- Centre for Human Genetics, Cliniques universitaires Saint-Luc, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sabine Scholl-Bürgi
- Clinic for Pediatrics I, Inherited Metabolic Disorders, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstr. 35, A-6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Marina Vivarelli
- Division of Nephrology, IRCCS Bambino Gesu' Pediatric Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Carine Wouters
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Pediatric Immunology, KU Leuven, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Brigitte Bader-Meunier
- Pediatric Immunology and Rheumatology Unit, Hôpital Necker, APHP, Paris, France.,Institut Imagine, Paris, France
| | - Yanick J Crow
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, Institute of Human Development, Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.,Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Neuroinflammation, Institut Imagine, 24 boulevard du Montparnasse, 75015, Paris, France
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69
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Bilginer Y, Düzova A, Topaloğlu R, Batu ED, Boduroğlu K, Güçer Ş, Bodur İ, Alanay Y. Three cases of spondyloenchondrodysplasia (SPENCD) with systemic lupus erythematosus: a case series and review of the literature. Lupus 2016; 25:760-5. [DOI: 10.1177/0961203316629000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2015] [Accepted: 12/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Spondyloenchondrodysplasia (SPENCD) is a rare autosomal recessive skeletal dysplasia caused by recessive mutations in the ACP5 gene, and it is characterized by the persistence of chondroid tissue islands within the bone. The clinical spectrum of SPENCD includes neurological involvement and immune dysfunction, such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). To date, there are only 12 reported cases of SPENCD associated with SLE in the literature; however, detailed clinical follow-up data is absent for this comorbidity. This report presents clinical and laboratory data of three patients diagnosed with SPENCD-associated SLE. All three patients had short stature, arthralgia/arthritis, lupus nephritis, hypocomplementemia, and positive autoantibodies, including anti-nuclear and anti-dsDNA antibodies. Two patients exhibited class IV and one patient exhibited class V lupus nephritis. The early recognition of SPENCD is imperative, and this condition should be considered in patients with SLE, particularly in individuals with short stature and skeletal abnormalities. The cases presented here demonstrate that timely diagnosis and follow-up are key factors for the successful management of these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Bilginer
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Rheumatology, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - A Düzova
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Nephrology, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - R Topaloğlu
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Nephrology, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - E D Batu
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Rheumatology, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - K Boduroğlu
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Genetics, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ş Güçer
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pathology, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - İ Bodur
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Nephrology, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Y Alanay
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Genetic Unit, Acıbadem University School of Medicine, İstanbul, Turkey
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70
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Li Y, Salfelder A, Schwab KO, Grünert SC, Velten T, Lütjohann D, Villavicencio-Lorini P, Matysiak-Scholze U, Zabel B, Köttgen A, Lausch E. Against all odds: blended phenotypes of three single-gene defects. Eur J Hum Genet 2016; 24:1274-9. [PMID: 26813946 DOI: 10.1038/ejhg.2015.285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Revised: 11/21/2015] [Accepted: 12/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Whole-exome sequencing allows for an unbiased and comprehensive mutation screening. Although successfully used to facilitate the diagnosis of single-gene disorders, the genetic cause(s) of a substantial proportion of presumed monogenic diseases remain to be identified. We used whole-exome sequencing to examine offspring from a consanguineous marriage featuring a novel combination of congenital hypothyroidism, hypomagnesemia and hypercholesterolemia. Rather than identifying one causative variant, we report the first instance in which three independent autosomal-recessive single-gene disorders were identified in one patient. Together, the causal variants give rise to a blended and seemingly novel phenotype: we experimentally characterized a novel splice variant in the thyroglobulin gene (c.638+5G>A), resulting in skipping of exon 5, and detected a pathogenic splice variant in the magnesium transporter gene TRPM6 (c.2667+1G>A), causing familial hypomagnesemia. Based on the third variant, a stop variant in ABCG5 (p.(Arg446*)), we established a diagnosis of sitosterolemia, confirmed by elevated blood plant sterol levels and successfully initiated targeted lipid-lowering treatment. We propose that blended phenotypes resulting from several concomitant single-gene disorders in the same patient likely account for a proportion of presumed monogenic disorders of currently unknown cause and contribute to variable genotype-phenotype correlations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Li
- Renal Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Anika Salfelder
- Center for Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Karl Otfried Schwab
- Center for Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Sarah Catharina Grünert
- Center for Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Tanja Velten
- Center for Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Dieter Lütjohann
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University Clinics of Bonn, Germany
| | - Pablo Villavicencio-Lorini
- Center for Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Uta Matysiak-Scholze
- Center for Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Bernhard Zabel
- Center for Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Anna Köttgen
- Renal Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ekkehart Lausch
- Center for Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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72
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The crossroads of autoimmunity and immunodeficiency: Lessons from polygenic traits and monogenic defects. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2016; 137:3-17. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2015.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2015] [Revised: 11/16/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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73
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de Bruin C, Orbak Z, Andrew M, Hwa V, Dauber A. Severe Short Stature in Two Siblings as the Presenting Sign of ACP5 Deficiency. Horm Res Paediatr 2016; 85:358-62. [PMID: 26789720 PMCID: PMC4891295 DOI: 10.1159/000443684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2015] [Accepted: 12/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND ACP5 deficiency is known to cause spondyloenchondrodysplasia (SPENCD), which is characterized by various autoimmune and neurological symptoms in addition to short stature. METHODS Two siblings from a consanguineous Turkish family, a girl aged 13 years (P1) and a boy aged 8 years (P2), presented to their endocrinologist with progressive growth failure and severe short stature (-5 SDS). They had no comorbid conditions and, on physical examination, there were no signs of an overt skeletal dysplasia with normal appearance of extremities. Other than a low baseline IGF-1, extensive laboratory workup, including growth hormone stimulation and IGF-1 generation tests, was normal. Exome sequencing was performed. RESULTS Exome sequencing identified the presence of a homozygous frameshift mutation (p.Ser258Trpfs*39) in ACP5 in both siblings, which was confirmed by Sanger sequencing. This specific mutation has previously been described in patients with SPENCD. Additional workup in the two siblings showed distinct features of skeletal dysplasia on X-rays consistent with SPENCD, but none of the common autoimmune or neurological abnormalities associated with this condition. CONCLUSION Severe short stature can be the only presenting sign of ACP5 deficiency and the latter could therefore be considered as a rare cause in the differential diagnosis of severe, proportionate growth failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christiaan de Bruin
- Cincinnati Center for Growth Disorders, Division of Endocrinology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Zerrin Orbak
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Melissa Andrew
- Cincinnati Center for Growth Disorders, Division of Endocrinology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Vivian Hwa
- Cincinnati Center for Growth Disorders, Division of Endocrinology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Andrew Dauber
- Cincinnati Center for Growth Disorders, Division of Endocrinology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
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74
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Alonso A, Pulido R. The extended human PTPome: a growing tyrosine phosphatase family. FEBS J 2015; 283:1404-29. [PMID: 26573778 DOI: 10.1111/febs.13600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2015] [Revised: 10/02/2015] [Accepted: 11/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Tyr phosphatases are, by definition, enzymes that dephosphorylate phospho-Tyr (pTyr) from proteins. This activity is found in several structurally diverse protein families, including the protein Tyr phosphatase (PTP), arsenate reductase, rhodanese, haloacid dehalogenase (HAD) and His phosphatase (HP) families. Most of these families include members with substrate specificity for non-pTyr substrates, such as phospho-Ser/phospho-Thr, phosphoinositides, phosphorylated carbohydrates, mRNAs, or inorganic moieties. A Cys is essential for catalysis in PTPs, rhodanese and arsenate reductase enzymes, whereas this work is performed by an Asp in HAD phosphatases and by a His in HPs, via a catalytic mechanism shared by all of the different families. The category that contains most Tyr phosphatases is the PTP family, which, although it received its name from this activity, includes Ser, Thr, inositide, carbohydrate and RNA phosphatases, as well as some inactive pseudophosphatase proteins. Here, we propose an extended collection of human Tyr phosphatases, which we call the extended human PTPome. The addition of new members (SACs, paladin, INPP4s, TMEM55s, SSU72, and acid phosphatases) to the currently categorized PTP group of enzymes means that the extended human PTPome contains up to 125 proteins, of which ~ 40 are selective for pTyr. We set criteria to ascribe proteins to the extended PTPome, and summarize the more important features of the new PTPome members in the context of their phosphatase activity and their relationship with human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrés Alonso
- Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular (IBGM), CSIC-Universidad de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Rafael Pulido
- Biocruces Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain.,IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain
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75
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Neutrophilic dermatoses and autoinflammatory diseases with skin involvement—innate immune disorders. Semin Immunopathol 2015; 38:45-56. [DOI: 10.1007/s00281-015-0549-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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76
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Klinische Symptome und Pathogenese der Typ-1-Interferonopathien. Monatsschr Kinderheilkd 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s00112-015-3478-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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77
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Belot A. [Are all pediatric-onset inflammatory diseases genetically driven?]. Arch Pediatr 2015; 22:1103-6. [PMID: 26385647 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcped.2015.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Accepted: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A Belot
- Inserm U1111, service de néphrologie rhumatologie et dermatologie pédiatriques, hôpital Femme-Mère-Enfant, hospices civils de Lyon, université Claude-Bernard Lyon-1, 69000 Lyon, France.
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78
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Bonilla FA, Khan DA, Ballas ZK, Chinen J, Frank MM, Hsu JT, Keller M, Kobrynski LJ, Komarow HD, Mazer B, Nelson RP, Orange JS, Routes JM, Shearer WT, Sorensen RU, Verbsky JW, Bernstein DI, Blessing-Moore J, Lang D, Nicklas RA, Oppenheimer J, Portnoy JM, Randolph CR, Schuller D, Spector SL, Tilles S, Wallace D. Practice parameter for the diagnosis and management of primary immunodeficiency. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2015; 136:1186-205.e1-78. [PMID: 26371839 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2015.04.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 421] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2014] [Revised: 04/18/2015] [Accepted: 04/23/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology (AAAAI) and the American College of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology (ACAAI) have jointly accepted responsibility for establishing the "Practice parameter for the diagnosis and management of primary immunodeficiency." This is a complete and comprehensive document at the current time. The medical environment is a changing environment, and not all recommendations will be appropriate for all patients. Because this document incorporated the efforts of many participants, no single individual, including those who served on the Joint Task Force, is authorized to provide an official AAAAI or ACAAI interpretation of these practice parameters. Any request for information about or an interpretation of these practice parameters by the AAAAI or ACAAI should be directed to the Executive Offices of the AAAAI, the ACAAI, and the Joint Council of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology. These parameters are not designed for use by pharmaceutical companies in drug promotion.
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79
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Girschick H, Wolf C, Morbach H, Hertzberg C, Lee-Kirsch MA. Severe immune dysregulation with neurological impairment and minor bone changes in a child with spondyloenchondrodysplasia due to two novel mutations in the ACP5 gene. Pediatr Rheumatol Online J 2015; 13:37. [PMID: 26346816 PMCID: PMC4562156 DOI: 10.1186/s12969-015-0035-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2015] [Accepted: 09/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Spondyloenchondrodysplasia (SPENCD) is a rare skeletal dysplasia, characterized by metaphyseal lesions, neurological impairment and immune dysregulation associated with lupus-like features. SPENCD is caused by biallelic mutations in the ACP5 gene encoding tartrate-resistant phosphatase. We report on a child, who presented with spasticity, multisystem inflammation, autoimmunity and immunodeficiency with minimal metaphyseal changes due to compound heterozygosity for two novel ACP5 mutations. These findings extend the phenotypic spectrum of SPENCD and indicate that ACP5 mutations can cause severe immune dysregulation and neurological impairment even in the absence of metaphyseal dysplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hermann Girschick
- Children's Hospital, Vivantes Hospital im Friedrichshain, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Christine Wolf
- Department of Pediatrics, Medizinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
| | - Henner Morbach
- Department of Pediatrics, University Clinics of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Christoph Hertzberg
- Socialpediatric Centre, Children's Hospital, Vivantes Hospital Neukölln, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Min Ae Lee-Kirsch
- Department of Pediatrics, Medizinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
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80
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Ghodke-Puranik Y, Niewold TB. Immunogenetics of systemic lupus erythematosus: A comprehensive review. J Autoimmun 2015; 64:125-36. [PMID: 26324017 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2015.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2015] [Accepted: 08/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Our understanding of the genetic basis of systemic lupus erythematosus has progressed rapidly in recent years. While many genetic polymorphisms have been associated with disease susceptibility, the next major step involves integrating these genetic polymorphisms into the molecular mechanisms and cellular immunology of the human disease. In this review, we summarize some recent work in this area, including the genetics of the type I IFN response in SLE, including polygenic and monogenic factors, as well as epigenetic influences. Contributions of both HLA and non-HLA polymorphisms to the complex genetics of SLE are reviewed. We also review recent reports of specific gene deficits leading to monogenic SLE-like syndromes. The molecular functions of common SLE-risk variants are reviewed in depth, including regulatory variations in promoter and enhancer elements and coding-change polymorphisms, and studies which are beginning to define the molecular and cellular functions of these polymorphisms in the immune system. We discuss epigenetic influences on lupus, with an emphasis on micro-RNA expression and binding, as well as epigenetic modifications that regulate the expression levels of various genes involved in SLE pathogenesis and the ways epigenetic marks modify SLE susceptibility genes. The work summarized in this review provides a fascinating window into the biology and molecular mechanisms of human SLE. Understanding the functional mechanisms of causal genetic variants underlying the human disease greatly facilitates our ability to translate genetic associations toward personalized care, and may identify new therapeutic targets relevant to human SLE disease mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Timothy B Niewold
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
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81
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Deng H, Zheng W, Jankovic J. Genetics and molecular biology of brain calcification. Ageing Res Rev 2015; 22:20-38. [PMID: 25906927 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2015.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2014] [Revised: 04/14/2015] [Accepted: 04/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Brain calcification is a common neuroimaging finding in patients with neurological, metabolic, or developmental disorders, mitochondrial diseases, infectious diseases, traumatic or toxic history, as well as in otherwise normal older people. Patients with brain calcification may exhibit movement disorders, seizures, cognitive impairment, and a variety of other neurologic and psychiatric symptoms. Brain calcification may also present as a single, isolated neuroimaging finding. When no specific cause is evident, a genetic etiology should be considered. The aim of the review is to highlight clinical disorders associated with brain calcification and provide summary of current knowledge of diagnosis, genetics, and pathogenesis of brain calcification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Deng
- Department of Neurology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; Center for Experimental Medicine, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.
| | - Wen Zheng
- Department of Neurology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; Center for Experimental Medicine, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Joseph Jankovic
- Department of Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
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82
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Canna SW, Goldbach-Mansky R. New monogenic autoinflammatory diseases--a clinical overview. Semin Immunopathol 2015; 37:387-94. [PMID: 25963521 PMCID: PMC4556430 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-015-0493-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2015] [Accepted: 04/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Translating pathogenic insights gained from monogenic defects that cause autoinflammatory diseases into novel therapies has dramatically improved the lives of patients with these syndromes. The last 15 years have focused on the central role of IL-1 in driving autoinflammatory phenotypes and on therapies blocking IL-1 signaling. Recent discoveries from patients unresponsive to IL-1 blockade have highlighted other key inflammatory mediators and pathways. New genetic discoveries have confirmed unifying mechanisms of autoinflammation, including dysregulation of danger sensing, cell stress, and immune-receptor signaling. Recent gene discovery in novel diseases has demonstrated new concepts. First, several complex clinical syndromes, caused by mutations leading to chronic type I interferon (IFN) production present with organ manifestations different from IL-1 mediated diseases including cerebral calcifications, myositis, and interstitial lung disease and the frequent occurrence of autoantibodies. These disorders introduce type I IFN's as inflammatory mediators that cause autoinflammatory phenotypes. Second, conditions associated with high IL-18 production may provide a direct link between autoinflammation and macrophage activation syndrome. Third, dysregulation of inflammatory and cell differentiation pathways in nonhematopoietic cells, such as aberrant calcium signaling and impaired endothelial or keratinocyte development, provide an understanding of organ specificity in autoinflammatory disorders. Many of these discoveries highlight the intricate interconnections between autoinflammation, autoimmunity, immunodeficiency, and lymphoproliferation and suggest ways in which we may better diagnose and treat autoinflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott W. Canna
- Autoinflammatory Pathogenesis Unit, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, NIH, Bldg. 10, room 13c103, 10 Center Dr., Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Raphaela Goldbach-Mansky
- Translational Autoinflammatory Disease Section, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, NIH, Bldg. 10, room 6D47B, 10 Center Dr., Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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83
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Abstract
Dissection of the genetic basis of Aicardi-Goutières syndrome has highlighted a fundamental link between nucleic acid metabolism, innate immune sensors and type I interferon induction. This had led to the concept of the human interferonopathies as a broader set of Mendelian disorders in which a constitutive upregulation of type I interferon activity directly relates to disease pathology. Here, we discuss the molecular and cellular basis of the interferonopathies, their categorization, future treatment strategies and the insights they provide into normal physiology.
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84
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Dyment NA, Hagiwara Y, Jiang X, Huang J, Adams DJ, Rowe DW. Response of knee fibrocartilage to joint destabilization. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2015; 23:996-1006. [PMID: 25680653 PMCID: PMC4757847 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2015.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2014] [Revised: 01/16/2015] [Accepted: 01/28/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A major challenge to understanding osteoarthritis (OA) pathology is identifying the cellular events that precede the onset of cartilage damage. The objective of this study is to determine the effect of joint destabilization on early changes to fibrocartilage in the joint. DESIGN/METHODS The anterior cruciate ligament was transected in collagen reporter mice (Col1CFP and ColXRFP). Mineralization labels were given every 2 weeks to measure new mineralized cartilage apposition. Novel fluorescent histology of mineralized tissue was used to characterize the changes in fibrocartilage at 2 and 4 weeks post-injury. RESULTS Changes in fibrocartilaginous structures of the joint occur as early as 2 weeks after injury and are well developed by 4 weeks. The alterations are seen in multiple entheses and in the medial surface of the femoral and tibial condyles. In the responding entheses, mineral apposition towards the ligament midsubstance results in thickening of the mineralize fibrocartilage. These changes are associated with increases in ColX-RFP, Col1-CFP reporter activity and alkaline phosphatase enzyme activity. Mineral apposition also occurs in the fibrocartilage of the non-articular regions of the medial condyles by 2 weeks and develops into osteophytes by 4 weeks post-injury. An unexpected observation is punctate expression of tartrate resistant acid phosphatase activity in unmineralized fibrochondrocytes adjacent to active appositional mineralization. DISCUSSION These observations suggest that fibrocartilage activates prior to degradation of the articular cartilage. Thus clinical and histological imaging of fibrocartilage may be an earlier indicator of disease initiation and may indicate a more appropriate time to start preventative treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- N A Dyment
- Center for Regenerative Medicine and Skeletal Development, School of Dental Medicine and Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, New England Musculoskeletal Institute, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06032, USA.
| | - Y Hagiwara
- Center for Regenerative Medicine and Skeletal Development, School of Dental Medicine and Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, New England Musculoskeletal Institute, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06032, USA; Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nippon Medical School Hospital, Tokyo 113, Japan.
| | - X Jiang
- Center for Regenerative Medicine and Skeletal Development, School of Dental Medicine and Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, New England Musculoskeletal Institute, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06032, USA.
| | - J Huang
- Center for Regenerative Medicine and Skeletal Development, School of Dental Medicine and Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, New England Musculoskeletal Institute, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06032, USA.
| | - D J Adams
- Center for Regenerative Medicine and Skeletal Development, School of Dental Medicine and Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, New England Musculoskeletal Institute, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06032, USA.
| | - D W Rowe
- Center for Regenerative Medicine and Skeletal Development, School of Dental Medicine and Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, New England Musculoskeletal Institute, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06032, USA.
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85
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Lee-Kirsch MA, Wolf C, Kretschmer S, Roers A. Type I interferonopathies--an expanding disease spectrum of immunodysregulation. Semin Immunopathol 2015; 37:349-57. [PMID: 25998914 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-015-0500-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2015] [Accepted: 05/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Type I interferons (IFNs) play a central role in the immune defense against viral infections. Type I IFN signaling is activated by pattern recognition receptors upon sensing of viral nucleic acids and induces antiviral programs through modulation of innate and adaptive immune responses. Type I interferonopathies comprise a heterogenous group of genetically determined diseases that are characterized by inappropriate activation of type I IFN. While their phenotypic spectrum is broad, ranging from severe neurological impairment to mild cutaneous disease, systemic autoinflammation, and autoimmunity are commonly shared signs of type I interferonopathies. Although the mechanisms underlying various disease phenotypes associated with inappropriate type I IFN activation have yet to be fully elucidated, our current understanding of the molecular pathogenesis of type I interferonopathies has provided a set of candidate molecules that can be interrogated in search of targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Ae Lee-Kirsch
- Department of Pediatrics, Medizinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstr. 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany,
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86
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Tahir S, Fukushima Y, Sakamoto K, Sato K, Fujita H, Inoue J, Uede T, Hamazaki Y, Hattori M, Minato N. A CD153+CD4+ T Follicular Cell Population with Cell-Senescence Features Plays a Crucial Role in Lupus Pathogenesis via Osteopontin Production. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 194:5725-35. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1500319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2015] [Accepted: 04/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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87
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Kurt-Sukur ED, Simsek-Kiper PO, Utine GE, Boduroglu K, Alanay Y. Experience of a skeletal dysplasia registry in Turkey: A five-years retrospective analysis. Am J Med Genet A 2015; 167A:2065-74. [DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.37122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2015] [Accepted: 04/04/2015] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Eda Didem Kurt-Sukur
- Pediatric Genetics Unit, Department of Pediatrics; Ihsan Doğramacı Children's Hospital, Hacettepe School of Medicine; Ankara Turkey
| | - Pelin Ozlem Simsek-Kiper
- Pediatric Genetics Unit, Department of Pediatrics; Ihsan Doğramacı Children's Hospital, Hacettepe School of Medicine; Ankara Turkey
| | - Gülen Eda Utine
- Pediatric Genetics Unit, Department of Pediatrics; Ihsan Doğramacı Children's Hospital, Hacettepe School of Medicine; Ankara Turkey
| | - Koray Boduroglu
- Pediatric Genetics Unit, Department of Pediatrics; Ihsan Doğramacı Children's Hospital, Hacettepe School of Medicine; Ankara Turkey
| | - Yasemin Alanay
- Pediatric Genetics Unit, Department of Pediatrics; Ihsan Doğramacı Children's Hospital, Hacettepe School of Medicine; Ankara Turkey
- Pediatric Genetics, Department of Pediatrics; Acibadem University School of Medicine; İstanbul Turkey
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88
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Moghaddas F, Masters SL. Monogenic autoinflammatory diseases: Cytokinopathies. Cytokine 2015; 74:237-46. [PMID: 25814341 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2015.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2015] [Accepted: 02/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Rapid advances in genetics are providing unprecedented insight into functions of the innate immune system with identification of the mutations that cause monogenic autoinflammatory disease. Cytokine antagonism is profoundly effective in a subset of these conditions, particularly those associated with increased interleukin-1 (IL-1) activity, the inflammasomopathies. These include syndromes where the production of IL-1 is increased by mutation of innate immune sensors such as NLRP3, upstream signalling molecules such as PSTPIP1 and receptors or downstream signalling molecules, such as IL-1Ra. Another example of this is interferon (IFN) and the interferonopathies, with mutations in the sensors STING and MDA5, the upstream signalling regulator AP1S3, and a downstream inhibitor of IFN signalling, ISG15. We propose that this can be extended to cytokines such as IL-36, with mutations in IL-36Ra, and IL-10, with mutations in IL-10RA and IL-10RB, however mutations in sensors or upstream signalling molecules are yet to be described in these instances. Additionally, autoinflammatory diseases can be caused by multiple cytokines, for example with the activation of NF-κB/Rel, for which we propose the term Relopathies. This nosology is limited in that some cytokine pathways may be degenerate in their generation or execution, however provides insight into likely autoinflammatory disease candidates and the cytokines with which newly identified mutations may be associated, and therefore targeted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona Moghaddas
- Inflammation Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, Australia
| | - Seth L Masters
- Inflammation Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, Australia.
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89
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de Jesus AA, Canna SW, Liu Y, Goldbach-Mansky R. Molecular mechanisms in genetically defined autoinflammatory diseases: disorders of amplified danger signaling. Annu Rev Immunol 2015; 33:823-74. [PMID: 25706096 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-immunol-032414-112227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Patients with autoinflammatory diseases present with noninfectious fever flares and systemic and/or disease-specific organ inflammation. Their excessive proinflammatory cytokine and chemokine responses can be life threatening and lead to organ damage over time. Studying such patients has revealed genetic defects that have helped unravel key innate immune pathways, including excessive IL-1 signaling, constitutive NF-κB activation, and, more recently, chronic type I IFN signaling. Discoveries of monogenic defects that lead to activation of proinflammatory cytokines have inspired the use of anticytokine-directed treatment approaches that have been life changing for many patients and have led to the approval of IL-1-blocking agents for a number of autoinflammatory conditions. In this review, we describe the genetically characterized autoinflammatory diseases, we summarize our understanding of the molecular pathways that drive clinical phenotypes and that continue to inspire the search for novel treatment targets, and we provide a conceptual framework for classification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Almeida de Jesus
- Translational Autoinflammatory Diseases Section, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland 20892;
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90
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Type I interferonopathies: Mendelian type I interferon up-regulation. Curr Opin Immunol 2015; 32:7-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2014.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2014] [Revised: 09/19/2014] [Accepted: 10/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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91
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Increased cerebrospinal fluid osteopontin levels and its involvement in macrophage infiltration in neuromyelitis optica. BBA CLINICAL 2015; 3:126-34. [PMID: 26673877 PMCID: PMC4661545 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbacli.2015.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2014] [Revised: 01/08/2015] [Accepted: 01/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuromyelitis optica (NMO) is an inflammatory disease of the central nervous system that predominantly affects the optic nerves and spinal cord. Although NMO has long been considered a subtype of multiple sclerosis (MS), the effects of interferon-β treatment are different between NMO and MS. Recent findings of NMO-IgG suggest that NMO could be a distinct disease rather than a subtype of MS. However, the underlying molecular mechanism of NMO pathology remains poorly understood. METHODS OPN in the cerebrospinal fluid and brain of patients with NMO and with MS, as well as of patients with other neurologic disease/idiopathic other neurologic disease was examined using Western blotting, ELISA, immunohistochemistry and Boyden chamber. RESULTS Here we show that osteopontin is significantly increased in the cerebrospinal fluid of NMO patients compared with MS patients. Immunohistochemical analyses revealed that osteopontin was markedly elevated in the cerebral white matter of NMO patients and produced by astrocytes, neurons, and oligodendroglia as well as infiltrating macrophages. We also demonstrate that the interaction of the cerebrospinal fluid osteopontin in NMO patients with integrin αvβ3 promoted macrophage chemotaxis by activating phosphoinositide 3-kinase and MEK1/2 signaling pathways. CONCLUSION These results indicate that osteopontin is involved in NMO pathology. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Thus therapeutic strategies that target osteopontin signaling may be useful to treat NMO.
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Key Words
- AQP4, aquaporin-4
- Ab, antibody
- Abs, antibodies
- Biomarker
- CNS, central nervous system
- CSF, cerebrospinal fluid
- Cerebrospinal fluid
- EAE, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis
- GFAP, glial fibrillary acidic protein
- IFN, interferon
- Integrin
- MS, multiple sclerosis
- Multiple sclerosis
- NMO, neuromyelitis optica
- Neuromyelitis optica
- OPN, osteopontin
- Osteopontin
- PI3K, phosphoinositide 3-kinase
- RGD, Arg–Gly–Asp
- RGE, Arg–Gly–Glu
- TRAP, tartrate-resistant form of acid phosphatase
- mAb, monoclonal antibody
- pAb, polyclonal antibody
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92
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Guerrini MM, Takayanagi H. The immune system, bone and RANKL. Arch Biochem Biophys 2014; 561:118-23. [PMID: 24929185 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2014.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2014] [Revised: 05/19/2014] [Accepted: 06/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Bone and immune systems are tightly linked. In the past years, many molecules originally believed to belong to the immune system were found to function in bone cells. It is now evident that the two systems are coregulated by many shared cytokines and signaling molecules. Here we exemplify the complex interaction between bone metabolism and immune response focusing on the multifaceted role of receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL). RANKL is expressed by cells of both systems, is an essential regulator of bone degradation and exerts either pro or anti-inflammatory effects on the immune response. In the present review, we summarize the multiple functions of RANKL in bone and in the immune systems, aiming to provide an overview of the field of osteoimmunology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo M Guerrini
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan; Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Explorative Research for Advanced Technology (ERATO) Program, Takayanagi Osteonetwork Project, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Takayanagi
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan; Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Explorative Research for Advanced Technology (ERATO) Program, Takayanagi Osteonetwork Project, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.
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93
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Gilbert M, Punaro M. Blood gene expression profiling in pediatric systemic lupus erythematosus and systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis: from bench to bedside. Pediatr Rheumatol Online J 2014; 12:16. [PMID: 24839407 PMCID: PMC4023703 DOI: 10.1186/1546-0096-12-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2014] [Accepted: 05/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Blood gene expression profiling has led to major advances in the field of rheumatology over the last few decades. Specifically, DNA microarray technology has been integral in increasing our knowledge of key players in the pathogenesis of some rare pediatric rheumatic diseases. Our group, using microarray analysis, identified the interferon (IFN) gene signature in pediatric systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and has published data that suggest high doses of intravenous corticosteroid treatment may have benefit over strictly oral regimens. Additionally, DNA microarray technology led to our discovery that the interleukin (IL)-1 gene signature is associated with systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis (sJIA) and to the use of IL-1 blockade with anakinra in this disease. We also reported the biologic rationale for use of anakinra early in the disease course. Anakinra is now being used as first-line treatment in sJIA in multiple centers. Herein, we review how information obtained from blood gene expression profiling has changed our clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mileka Gilbert
- Pediatric Rheumatology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Children’s Medical Center, Texas Scottish Rite Hospital for Children, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Marilynn Punaro
- Pediatric Rheumatology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Children’s Medical Center, Texas Scottish Rite Hospital for Children, Dallas, TX, USA
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94
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Abstract
Paediatric-onset systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is usually more severe than its adult counterpart. In particular, there is a higher incidence of renal and central nervous system involvement. Specific measures to assess disease activity and damage have been implemented. The disease is very rare before the fifth birthday and therefore the onset of an SLE picture in the first years of life should lead to the suspicion of the presence of one of the rare monogenic diseases that causes SLE or of one of those congenital diseases that has been showed to be closely associated with the SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Malattia
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Genoa and Pediatria e Reumatologia, G. Gaslini Institute, Genoa, Italy.
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95
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Gazal S, Sacre K, Allanore Y, Teruel M, Goodall AH, Tohma S, Alfredsson L, Okada Y, Xie G, Constantin A, Balsa A, Kawasaki A, Nicaise P, Amos C, Rodriguez-Rodriguez L, Chiocchia G, Boileau C, Zhang J, Vittecoq O, Barnetche T, Gonzalez Gay MA, Furukawa H, Cantagrel A, Le Loët X, Sumida T, Hurtado-Nedelec M, Richez C, Chollet-Martin S, Schaeverbeke T, Combe B, Khoryati L, Coustet B, El-Benna J, Siminovitch K, Plenge R, Padyukov L, Martin J, Tsuchiya N, Dieudé P. Identification of secreted phosphoprotein 1 gene as a new rheumatoid arthritis susceptibility gene. Ann Rheum Dis 2014; 74:e19. [PMID: 24448344 DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2013-204581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the contribution of the SPP1 rs11439060 and rs9138 polymorphisms, previously reported as autoimmune risk variants, in the rheumatoid arthritis (RA) genetic background according to anti-citrullinated protein antibodies (ACPAs) status of RA individuals. METHODS We analysed a total of 11,715 RA cases and 26,493 controls from nine independent cohorts; all individuals were genotyped or had imputed genotypes for SPP1 rs11439060 and rs9138. The effect of the SPP1 rs11439060 and rs9138 risk-allele combination on osteopontin (OPN) expression in macrophages and OPN serum levels was investigated. RESULTS We provide evidence for a distinct contribution of SPP1 to RA susceptibility according to ACPA status: the combination of ≥3 SPP1 rs11439060 and rs9138 common alleles was associated mainly with ACPA negativity (p=1.29×10(-5), ORACPA-negative 1.257 (1.135 to 1.394)) and less with ACPA positivity (p=0.0148, ORACPA-positive 1.072 (1.014 to 1.134)). The ORs between these subgroups (ie, ACPA-positive and ACPA-negative) significantly differed (p=7.33×10(-3)). Expression quantitative trait locus analysis revealed an association of the SPP1 risk-allele combination with decreased SPP1 expression in peripheral macrophages from 599 individuals. To corroborate these findings, we found an association of the SPP1 risk-allele combination and low serum level of secreted OPN (p=0.0157), as well as serum level of secreted OPN correlated positively with ACPA production (p=0.005; r=0.483). CONCLUSIONS We demonstrate a significant contribution of the combination of SPP1 rs11439060 and rs9138 frequent alleles to risk of RA, the magnitude of the association being greater in patients negative for ACPAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Gazal
- Plateforme de Génomique Constitutionnelle Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Bichat Hospital, Université Paris Diderot, PRES Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Karim Sacre
- Department of Internal Medicine, DHU FIRE, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Bichat Hospital, INSERM U699, Université Paris Diderot, PRES Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Yannick Allanore
- Department A of Rheumatology, Cochin Hospital, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris, University of Paris Descartes Paris, France INSERM U1016, University of Paris Descartes, Cochin Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Maria Teruel
- Instituto de Parasitologia y Biomedicina Lopez-Neyra, CSIC, Granada, Spain
| | - Alison H Goodall
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester & Leicester National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Unit in Cardiovascular Disease, Clinical Sciences Wing, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, UK
| | | | - Shigeto Tohma
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Lars Alfredsson
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Yukinori Okada
- Department of Human Genetics and Disease Diversity, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan Laboratory for Statistical Analysis, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Gang Xie
- Samuel Lunenfeld and Toronto General Research Institutes and the Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Arnaud Constantin
- Department of Rheumatology, UMR 1027, INSERM, Toulouse III University, Purpan Hospital, CHU Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Aya Kawasaki
- Faculty of Medicine, Molecular and Genetic Epidemiology Laboratory, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Pascale Nicaise
- Department of Immunology, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Bichat Hospital, Université Paris Diderot, PRES Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Christopher Amos
- Genomic Medicine Department of Community, Family Medicine Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, USA
| | | | - Gilles Chiocchia
- INSERM U1016, University of Paris Descartes, Cochin Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Catherine Boileau
- INSERM U698, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Bichat Hospital, Université Paris Diderot, PRES Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Jinyi Zhang
- Samuel Lunenfeld and Toronto General Research Institutes and the Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Olivier Vittecoq
- Department of Rheumatology, CHU de Rouen-Hopitaux de Rouen and INSERM U905, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), Rouen University, Normandy, France
| | - Thomas Barnetche
- Department of Rheumatology, Pellegrin Hospital, Bordeaux Selagen University, Bordeaux, France
| | - Miguel A Gonzalez Gay
- Department of Rheumatology, Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, IFIMAV, Santander, Spain
| | - Hiroshi Furukawa
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Alain Cantagrel
- Department of Rheumatology, UMR 1027, INSERM, Toulouse III University, Purpan Hospital, CHU Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Xavier Le Loët
- Department of Rheumatology, CHU de Rouen-Hopitaux de Rouen and INSERM U905, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), Rouen University, Normandy, France
| | - Takayuki Sumida
- Clinical Research Center for Allergy and Rheumatology, Sagamihara National Hospital, National Hospital Organization, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Margarita Hurtado-Nedelec
- INSERM U773 CRB3, F-75018, Paris, France Department of Hematology and Immunology, UF Dysfonctionnements Immunitaires Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Bichat Hospital, Université Paris Diderot, PRES Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Christophe Richez
- Department of Rheumatology, Pellegrin Hospital, Bordeaux Selagen University, Bordeaux, France
| | - Sylvie Chollet-Martin
- Department of Immunology, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Bichat Hospital, Université Paris Diderot, PRES Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Thierry Schaeverbeke
- Department of Rheumatology, Pellegrin Hospital, Bordeaux Selagen University, Bordeaux, France
| | - Bernard Combe
- Department of Rheumatology, Montpellier University Hospital, Montpellier, France
| | - Liliane Khoryati
- Department of Rheumatology, Pellegrin Hospital, Bordeaux Selagen University, Bordeaux, France
| | - Baptiste Coustet
- Department of Rheumatology, DHU FIRE, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Bichat Hospital, Université Paris Diderot, PRES Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | | | - Katherine Siminovitch
- Samuel Lunenfeld and Toronto General Research Institutes and the Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Robert Plenge
- Department of Genetics and Pharmacogenomics, Merck Research Laboratories, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Leonid Padyukov
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Javier Martin
- Instituto de Parasitologia y Biomedicina Lopez-Neyra, CSIC, Granada, Spain
| | - Naoyuki Tsuchiya
- Faculty of Medicine, Molecular and Genetic Epidemiology Laboratory, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Philippe Dieudé
- Department of Rheumatology, DHU FIRE, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Bichat Hospital, Université Paris Diderot, PRES Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France Bichat Faculty of Medicine, INSERM U699, Université Paris Diderot, PRES Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
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96
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Abstract
Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) were initially identified as the prominent natural type I interferon-producing cells during viral infection. Over the past decade, the aberrant production of interferon α/β by pDCs in response to self-derived molecular entities has been critically implicated in the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus and recognized as a general feature underlying other autoimmune diseases. On top of imperative studies on human pDCs, the functional involvement and mechanism by which the pDC-interferon α/β pathway facilitates the progression of autoimmunity have been unraveled recently from investigations with several experimental lupus models. This article reviews correlating information obtained from human in vitro characterization and murine in vivo studies and highlights the fundamental and multifaceted contribution of pDCs to the pathogenesis of systemic autoimmune manifestation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Cao
- Department of Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
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97
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Lauwerys BR, Ducreux J, Houssiau FA. Type I interferon blockade in systemic lupus erythematosus: where do we stand? Rheumatology (Oxford) 2013; 53:1369-76. [PMID: 24344319 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/ket403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
SLE is an autoimmune condition characterized by loss of tolerance to chromatin constituents and the production of ANAs. The majority of SLE patients display spontaneous expression of type I IFN-induced genes in circulating mononuclear cells and peripheral tissues, and type I IFNs play a role in the pathogenesis of the disease via the sustained activation of autoreactive T and B cells necessary for the production of pathogenic autoantibodies. Several IFN-blocking strategies are currently being evaluated in clinical trials: monoclonal antibodies directed against IFN-α and type I IFN-α receptor (IFNAR), as well as active immunization against IFN-α. This review describes the rationale behind these trials and the results obtained, and discusses the perspectives for further development of these drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernard R Lauwerys
- Pôle de Rhumatologie, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université catholique de Louvain and Service de Rhumatologie, Clinique Universitaire Saint-Luc, Bruxelles, Belgium.Pôle de Rhumatologie, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université catholique de Louvain and Service de Rhumatologie, Clinique Universitaire Saint-Luc, Bruxelles, Belgium.
| | - Julie Ducreux
- Pôle de Rhumatologie, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université catholique de Louvain and Service de Rhumatologie, Clinique Universitaire Saint-Luc, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Frédéric A Houssiau
- Pôle de Rhumatologie, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université catholique de Louvain and Service de Rhumatologie, Clinique Universitaire Saint-Luc, Bruxelles, Belgium.Pôle de Rhumatologie, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université catholique de Louvain and Service de Rhumatologie, Clinique Universitaire Saint-Luc, Bruxelles, Belgium
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98
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Elliott R, Li F, Dragomir I, Chua MMW, Gregory BD, Weiss SR. Analysis of the host transcriptome from demyelinating spinal cord of murine coronavirus-infected mice. PLoS One 2013; 8:e75346. [PMID: 24058676 PMCID: PMC3776850 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0075346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2013] [Accepted: 08/12/2013] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Persistent infection of the mouse central nervous system (CNS) with mouse hepatitis virus (MHV) induces a demyelinating disease pathologically similar to multiple sclerosis and is therefore used as a model system. There is little information regarding the host factors that correlate with and contribute to MHV-induced demyelination. Here, we detail the genes and pathways associated with MHV-induced demyelinating disease in the spinal cord. High-throughput sequencing of the host transcriptome revealed that demyelination is accompanied by numerous transcriptional changes indicative of immune infiltration as well as changes in the cytokine milieu and lipid metabolism. We found evidence that a Th1-biased cytokine/chemokine response and eicosanoid-derived inflammation accompany persistent MHV infection and that antigen presentation is ongoing. Interestingly, increased expression of genes involved in lipid transport, processing, and catabolism, including some with known roles in neurodegenerative diseases, coincided with demyelination. Lastly, expression of several genes involved in osteoclast or bone-resident macrophage function, most notably TREM2 and DAP12, was upregulated in persistently infected mouse spinal cord. This study highlights the complexity of the host antiviral response, which accompany MHV-induced demyelination, and further supports previous findings that MHV-induced demyelination is immune-mediated. Interestingly, these data suggest a parallel between bone reabsorption by osteoclasts and myelin debris clearance by microglia in the bone and the CNS, respectively. To our knowledge, this is the first report of using an RNA-seq approach to study the host CNS response to persistent viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Elliott
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Fan Li
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Isabelle Dragomir
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Ming Ming W. Chua
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Brian D. Gregory
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Susan R. Weiss
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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99
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Banchereau R, Cepika AM, Pascual V. Systems approaches to human autoimmune diseases. Curr Opin Immunol 2013; 25:598-605. [PMID: 24055331 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2013.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2013] [Accepted: 08/22/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Systemic autoimmune diseases result from interactions between genes and environmental triggers that lead to dysregulation of both innate and adaptive immunity. Systems biology approaches enable the global characterization of complex systems at the DNA, RNA and protein levels. Recent technological breakthroughs such as deep sequencing or high-throughput proteomics are revealing novel inflammatory pathways involved in autoimmunity. Herein, we review recent developments, challenges and promising avenues in the use of systems approaches to understand human systemic autoimmune and autoinflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romain Banchereau
- Baylor Institute for Immunology Research, 3434 Live Oak, Dallas, TX 75204, USA
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100
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Lacombe J, Karsenty G, Ferron M. Regulation of lysosome biogenesis and functions in osteoclasts. Cell Cycle 2013; 12:2744-52. [PMID: 23966172 DOI: 10.4161/cc.25825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to resorb the mineralized bone extracellular matrix, the osteoclast relies on the generation of a resorption lacuna characterized by the presence of specific proteases and a low pH. Hence, bone resorption by osteoclasts is highly dependent on lysosomes, the organelles specialized in intra- and extracellular material degradation. This is best illustrated by the fact that multiple forms of human osteopetrosis are caused by mutations in genes encoding for lysosomal proteins. Yet, until recently, the molecular mechanisms regulating lysosomal biogenesis and function in osteoclasts were poorly understood. Here we review the latest developments in the study of lysosomal biogenesis and function in osteoclasts with an emphasis on the transcriptional control of these processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Lacombe
- Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal; Montréal, Québec, Canada
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