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Tiemeijer BM, Descamps L, Hulleman J, Sleeboom JJF, Tel J. A Microfluidic Approach for Probing Heterogeneity in Cytotoxic T-Cells by Cell Pairing in Hydrogel Droplets. MICROMACHINES 2022; 13:1910. [PMID: 36363930 PMCID: PMC9692327 DOI: 10.3390/mi13111910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Cytotoxic T-cells (CTLs) exhibit strong effector functions to leverage antigen-specific anti-tumoral and anti-viral immunity. When naïve CTLs are activated by antigen-presenting cells (APCs) they display various levels of functional heterogeneity. To investigate this, we developed a single-cell droplet microfluidics platform that allows for deciphering single CTL activation profiles by multi-parameter analysis. We identified and correlated functional heterogeneity based on secretion profiles of IFNγ, TNFα, IL-2, and CD69 and CD25 surface marker expression levels. Furthermore, we strengthened our approach by incorporating low-melting agarose to encapsulate pairs of single CTLs and artificial APCs in hydrogel droplets, thereby preserving spatial information over cell pairs. This approach provides a robust tool for high-throughput and single-cell analysis of CTLs compatible with flow cytometry for subsequent analysis and sorting. The ability to score CTL quality, combined with various potential downstream analyses, could pave the way for the selection of potent CTLs for cell-based therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bart M. Tiemeijer
- Laboratory of Immunoengineering, Department Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Lucie Descamps
- Laboratory of Immunoengineering, Department Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Jesse Hulleman
- Laboratory of Immunoengineering, Department Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Jelle J. F. Sleeboom
- Microsystems, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Jurjen Tel
- Laboratory of Immunoengineering, Department Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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52
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Nie M, Kong B, Chen G, Xie Y, Zhao Y, Sun L. MSCs-laden injectable self-healing hydrogel for systemic sclerosis treatment. Bioact Mater 2022; 17:369-378. [PMID: 35386467 PMCID: PMC8964965 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2022.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
As a novel cellular therapy, the anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory virtues of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) make them promising candidates for systemic sclerosis (SSc) treatment. However, the clinical efficacy of this stratagem is limited because of the short persistence time, poor survival, and engraftment of MSCs after injection in vivo. Herein, we develop a novel MSCs-laden injectable self-healing hydrogel for SSc treatment. The hydrogel is prepared using N, O-carboxymethyl chitosan (CS-CM) and 4-armed benzaldehyde-terminated polyethylene glycol (PEG-BA) as the main components, imparting with self-healing capacity via the reversible Schiff-base connection between the amino and benzaldehyde groups. We demonstrate that the hydrogel laden with MSCs not only promoted the proliferation of MSCs and increased the cellular half-life in vivo, but also improve their immune-modulating functions. The tube formation assay indicates that the MSCs could significantly promote angiopoiesis. Moreover, the MSCs-laden hydrogel could inhibit fibrosis by modulating the synthesis of collagen and ameliorate disease progression in SSc disease model mice after subcutaneous injection of bleomycin. All these results highlight this novel MSCs-laden hydrogel and its distinctive functions in treatment of chronic SSc, indicating the additional potential to be used widely in the clinic. We proposed novel MSCs-laden injectable self-healing hydrogel for SSc treatment. The hydrogel was constructed by PEG-BA and CS-CM. MSCs-laden hydrogel promotes angiopoiesis and inhibit fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Nie
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Institute of Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, 210002, China
| | - Bin Kong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Health Science Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, 518035, China
| | - Guopu Chen
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Institute of Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, 210002, China
| | - Ying Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau (SAR), China
| | - Yuanjin Zhao
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Institute of Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, 210002, China
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Lingyun Sun
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Institute of Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, 210002, China
- Corresponding author.
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53
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Aqueous two-phase emulsions toward biologically relevant applications. TRENDS IN CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trechm.2022.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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54
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Recent Advances in Drug Delivery System Fabricated by Microfluidics for Disease Therapy. Bioengineering (Basel) 2022; 9:bioengineering9110625. [DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering9110625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Traditional drug therapy faces challenges such as drug distribution throughout the body, rapid degradation and excretion, and extensive adverse reactions. In contrast, micro/nanoparticles can controllably deliver drugs to target sites to improve drug efficacy. Unlike traditional large-scale synthetic systems, microfluidics allows manipulation of fluids at the microscale and shows great potential in drug delivery and precision medicine. Well-designed microfluidic devices have been used to fabricate multifunctional drug carriers using stimuli-responsive materials. In this review, we first introduce the selection of materials and processing techniques for microfluidic devices. Then, various well-designed microfluidic chips are shown for the fabrication of multifunctional micro/nanoparticles as drug delivery vehicles. Finally, we describe the interaction of drugs with lymphatic vessels that are neglected in organs-on-chips. Overall, the accelerated development of microfluidics holds great potential for the clinical translation of micro/nanoparticle drug delivery systems for disease treatment.
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55
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Seeto WJ, Tian Y, Pradhan S, Minond D, Lipke EA. Droplet Microfluidics-Based Fabrication of Monodisperse Poly(ethylene glycol)-Fibrinogen Breast Cancer Microspheres for Automated Drug Screening Applications. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2022; 8:3831-3841. [PMID: 35969206 PMCID: PMC9472798 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.2c00285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Spheroidal cancer microtissues are highly advantageous for a wide range of biomedical applications, including high-throughput drug screening, multiplexed target validation, mechanistic investigation of tumor-extracellular matrix (ECM) interactions, among others. Current techniques for spheroidal tissue formation rely heavily on self-aggregation of single cancer cells and have substantial limitations in terms of cell-type-specific heterogeneities, uniformity, ease of production and handling, and most importantly, mimicking the complex native tumor microenvironmental conditions in simplistic models. These constraints can be overcome by using engineered tunable hydrogels that closely mimic the tumor ECM and elucidate pathologically relevant cell behavior, coupled with microfluidics-based high-throughput fabrication technologies to encapsulate cells and create cancer microtissues. In this study, we employ biosynthetic hybrid hydrogels composed of poly(ethylene glycol diacrylate) (PEGDA) covalently conjugated to natural protein (fibrinogen) (PEG-fibrinogen, PF) to create monodisperse microspheres encapsulating breast cancer cells for 3D culture and tumorigenic characterization. A previously developed droplet-based microfluidic system is used for rapid, facile, and reproducible fabrication of uniform cancer microspheres with either MCF7 or MDA-MB-231 (metastatic) breast cancer cells. Cancer cell-type-dependent variations in cell viability, metabolic activity, and 3D morphology, as well as microsphere stiffness, are quantified over time. Particularly, MCF7 cells grew as tight cellular clusters in the PF microspheres, characteristic of their epithelial morphology, while MDA-MB-231 cells displayed elongated and invasive morphology, characteristic of their mesenchymal and metastatic nature. Finally, the translational potential of the cancer microsphere platform toward high-throughput drug screening is also demonstrated. With high uniformity, scalability, and control over engineered microenvironments, the established cancer microsphere model can be potentially used for mechanistic studies, fabrication of modular cancer microtissues, and future drug-testing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen J. Seeto
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama 36849, United States
| | - Yuan Tian
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama 36849, United States
| | - Shantanu Pradhan
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama 36849, United States
| | - Dmitriy Minond
- College
of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nova Southeastern University, Lauderdale, Florida 33314, United States
- Rumbaugh-Goodwin
Institute for Cancer Research, Nova Southeastern
University, Lauderdale, Florida 33314, United States
| | - Elizabeth A. Lipke
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama 36849, United States
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56
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Li Y, Wong IY, Guo M. Reciprocity of Cell Mechanics with Extracellular Stimuli: Emerging Opportunities for Translational Medicine. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2107305. [PMID: 35319155 PMCID: PMC9463119 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202107305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 02/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Human cells encounter dynamic mechanical cues in healthy and diseased tissues, which regulate their molecular and biophysical phenotype, including intracellular mechanics as well as force generation. Recent developments in bio/nanomaterials and microfluidics permit exquisitely sensitive measurements of cell mechanics, as well as spatiotemporal control over external mechanical stimuli to regulate cell behavior. In this review, the mechanobiology of cells interacting bidirectionally with their surrounding microenvironment, and the potential relevance for translational medicine are considered. Key fundamental concepts underlying the mechanics of living cells as well as the extracelluar matrix are first introduced. Then the authors consider case studies based on 1) microfluidic measurements of nonadherent cell deformability, 2) cell migration on micro/nano-topographies, 3) traction measurements of cells in three-dimensional (3D) matrix, 4) mechanical programming of organoid morphogenesis, as well as 5) active mechanical stimuli for potential therapeutics. These examples highlight the promise of disease diagnosis using mechanical measurements, a systems-level understanding linking molecular with biophysical phenotype, as well as therapies based on mechanical perturbations. This review concludes with a critical discussion of these emerging technologies and future directions at the interface of engineering, biology, and medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiwei Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, China
| | - Ian Y Wong
- School of Engineering, Center for Biomedical Engineering, Joint Program in Cancer Biology, Brown University, 184 Hope St Box D, Providence, RI, 02912, USA
| | - Ming Guo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
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57
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Hasturk O, Smiley JA, Arnett M, Sahoo JK, Staii C, Kaplan DL. Cytoprotection of Human Progenitor and Stem Cells through Encapsulation in Alginate Templated, Dual Crosslinked Silk and Silk-Gelatin Composite Hydrogel Microbeads. Adv Healthc Mater 2022; 11:e2200293. [PMID: 35686928 PMCID: PMC9463115 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202200293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Susceptibility of mammalian cells against harsh processing conditions limit their use in cell transplantation and tissue engineering applications. Besides modulation of the cell microenvironment, encapsulation of mammalian cells within hydrogel microbeads attract attention for cytoprotection through physical isolation of the encapsulated cells. The hydrogel formulations used for cell microencapsulation are largely dominated by ionically crosslinked alginate (Alg), which suffer from low structural stability under physiological culture conditions and poor cell-matrix interactions. Here the fabrication of Alg templated silk and silk/gelatin composite hydrogel microspheres with permanent or on-demand cleavable enzymatic crosslinks using simple and cost-effective centrifugation-based droplet processing are demonstrated. The composite microbeads display structural stability under ion exchange conditions with improved mechanical properties compared to ionically crosslinked Alg microspheres. Human mesenchymal stem and neural progenitor cells are successfully encapsulated in the composite beads and protected against environmental factors, including exposure to polycations, extracellular acidosis, apoptotic cytokines, ultraviolet (UV) irradiation, anoikis, immune recognition, and particularly mechanical stress. The microbeads preserve viability, growth, and differentiation of encapsulated stem and progenitor cells after extrusion in viscous polyethylene oxide solution through a 27-gauge fine needle, suggesting potential applications in injection-based delivery and three-dimensional bioprinting of mammalian cells with higher success rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Onur Hasturk
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, 4 Colby Street, Medford, MA 02155, USA
| | - Jordan A. Smiley
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, 4 Colby Street, Medford, MA 02155, USA
| | - Miles Arnett
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, 4 Colby Street, Medford, MA 02155, USA
| | - Jugal Kishore Sahoo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, 4 Colby Street, Medford, MA 02155, USA
| | - Cristian Staii
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA
| | - David L. Kaplan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, 4 Colby Street, Medford, MA 02155, USA
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58
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Interactions between infernan and calcium: From the molecular level to the mechanical properties of microgels. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 292:119629. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.119629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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59
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Lou J, Mooney DJ. Chemical strategies to engineer hydrogels for cell culture. Nat Rev Chem 2022; 6:726-744. [PMID: 37117490 DOI: 10.1038/s41570-022-00420-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Two-dimensional and three-dimensional cell culture systems are widely used for biological studies, and are the basis of the organoid, tissue engineering and organ-on-chip research fields in applications such as disease modelling and drug screening. The natural extracellular matrix of tissues, a complex scaffold with varying chemical and mechanical properties, has a critical role in regulating important cellular functions such as spreading, migration, proliferation and differentiation, as well as tissue morphogenesis. Hydrogels are biomaterials that are used in cell culture systems to imitate critical features of a natural extracellular matrix. Chemical strategies to synthesize and tailor the properties of these hydrogels in a controlled manner, and manipulate their biological functions in situ, have been developed. In this Review, we provide the rational design criteria for predictably engineering hydrogels to mimic the properties of the natural extracellular matrix. We highlight the advances in using biocompatible strategies to engineer hydrogels for cell culture along with recent developments to dynamically control the cellular environment by exploiting stimuli-responsive chemistries. Finally, future opportunities to engineer hydrogels are discussed, in which the development of novel chemical methods will probably have an important role.
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60
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Ling SD, Liu Z, Ma W, Chen Z, Du Y, Xu J. A Novel Step-T-Junction Microchannel for the Cell Encapsulation in Monodisperse Alginate-Gelatin Microspheres of Varying Mechanical Properties at High Throughput. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:bios12080659. [PMID: 36005055 PMCID: PMC9406195 DOI: 10.3390/bios12080659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Cell encapsulation has been widely employed in cell therapy, characterization, and analysis, as well as many other biomedical applications. While droplet-based microfluidic technology is advantageous in cell microencapsulation because of its modularity, controllability, mild conditions, and easy operation when compared to other state-of-art methods, it faces the dilemma between high throughput and monodispersity of generated cell-laden microdroplets. In addition, the lack of a biocompatible method of de-emulsification transferring cell-laden hydrogel from cytotoxic oil phase into cell culture medium also hurtles the practical application of microfluidic technology. Here, a novel step-T-junction microchannel was employed to encapsulate cells into monodisperse microspheres at the high-throughput jetting regime. An alginate–gelatin co-polymer system was employed to enable the microfluidic-based fabrication of cell-laden microgels with mild cross-linking conditions and great biocompatibility, notably for the process of de-emulsification. The mechanical properties of alginate-gelatin hydrogel, e.g., stiffness, stress–relaxation, and viscoelasticity, are fully adjustable in offering a 3D biomechanical microenvironment that is optimal for the specific encapsulated cell type. Finally, the encapsulation of HepG2 cells into monodisperse alginate–gelatin microgels with the novel microfluidic system and the subsequent cultivation proved the maintenance of the long-term viability, proliferation, and functionalities of encapsulated cells, indicating the promising potential of the as-designed system in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si Da Ling
- The State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Zhiqiang Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Wenjun Ma
- The State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Zhuo Chen
- The State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Correspondence: (Z.C.); (Y.D.); (J.X.)
| | - Yanan Du
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Correspondence: (Z.C.); (Y.D.); (J.X.)
| | - Jianhong Xu
- The State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Correspondence: (Z.C.); (Y.D.); (J.X.)
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61
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Wei Z, Wang S, Hirvonen J, Santos HA, Li W. Microfluidics Fabrication of Micrometer-Sized Hydrogels with Precisely Controlled Geometries for Biomedical Applications. Adv Healthc Mater 2022; 11:e2200846. [PMID: 35678152 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202200846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Micrometer-sized hydrogels are cross-linked three-dimensional network matrices with high-water contents and dimensions ranging from several to hundreds of micrometers. Due to their excellent biocompatibility and capability to mimic physiological microenvironments in vivo, micrometer-sized hydrogels have attracted much attention in the biomedical engineering field. Their biological properties and applications are primarily influenced by their chemical compositions and geometries. However, inhomogeneous morphologies and uncontrollable geometries limit traditional micrometer-sized hydrogels obtained by bulk mixing. In contrast, microfluidic technology holds great potential for the fabrication of micrometer-sized hydrogels since their geometries, sizes, structures, compositions, and physicochemical properties can be precisely manipulated on demand based on the excellent control over fluids. Therefore, micrometer-sized hydrogels fabricated by microfluidic technology have been applied in the biomedical field, including drug encapsulation, cell encapsulation, and tissue engineering. This review introduces micrometer-sized hydrogels with various geometries synthesized by different microfluidic devices, highlighting their advantages in various biomedical applications over those from traditional approaches. Overall, emerging microfluidic technologies enrich the geometries and morphologies of hydrogels and accelerate translation for industrial production and clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyang Wei
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00014, Finland
| | - Shiqi Wang
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00014, Finland
| | - Jouni Hirvonen
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00014, Finland
| | - Hélder A Santos
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00014, Finland.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, W.J. Kolff Institute for Biomedical Engineering and Materials Science, University Medical Center Groningen/University of Groningen, Ant. Deusinglaan 1, Groningen, 9713 AV, The Netherlands
| | - Wei Li
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00014, Finland
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62
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Xu Y, Zhu H, Denduluri A, Ou Y, Erkamp NA, Qi R, Shen Y, Knowles TPJ. Recent Advances in Microgels: From Biomolecules to Functionality. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2200180. [PMID: 35790106 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202200180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The emerging applications of hydrogel materials at different length scales, in areas ranging from sustainability to health, have driven the progress in the design and manufacturing of microgels. Microgels can provide miniaturized, monodisperse, and regulatable compartments, which can be spatially separated or interconnected. These microscopic materials provide novel opportunities for generating biomimetic cell culture environments and are thus key to the advances of modern biomedical research. The evolution of the physical and chemical properties has, furthermore, highlighted the potentials of microgels in the context of materials science and bioengineering. This review describes the recent research progress in the fabrication, characterization, and applications of microgels generated from biomolecular building blocks. A key enabling technology allowing the tailoring of the properties of microgels is their synthesis through microfluidic technologies, and this paper highlights recent advances in these areas and their impact on expanding the physicochemical parameter space accessible using microgels. This review finally discusses the emerging roles that microgels play in liquid-liquid phase separation, micromechanics, biosensors, and regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufan Xu
- Centre for Misfolding Diseases, Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Hongjia Zhu
- Centre for Misfolding Diseases, Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Akhila Denduluri
- Centre for Misfolding Diseases, Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Yangteng Ou
- Centre for Misfolding Diseases, Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Nadia A Erkamp
- Centre for Misfolding Diseases, Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Runzhang Qi
- Centre for Misfolding Diseases, Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Yi Shen
- Centre for Misfolding Diseases, Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
- The University of Sydney Nano Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Tuomas P J Knowles
- Centre for Misfolding Diseases, Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
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63
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Fang J, Li JJ, Zhong X, Zhou Y, Lee RJ, Cheng K, Li S. Engineering stem cell therapeutics for cardiac repair. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2022; 171:56-68. [PMID: 35863282 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2022.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/25/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in the world. Stem cell-based therapies have been widely investigated for cardiac regeneration in patients with heart failure or myocardial infarction (MI) and surged ahead on multiple fronts over the past two decades. To enhance cellular therapy for cardiac regeneration, numerous engineering techniques have been explored to engineer cells, develop novel scaffolds, make constructs, and deliver cells or their derivatives. This review summarizes the state-of-art stem cell-based therapeutics for cardiac regeneration and discusses the emerged bioengineering approaches toward the enhancement of therapeutic efficacy of stem cell therapies in cardiac repair. We cover the topics in stem cell source and engineering, followed by stem cell-based therapies such as cell aggregates and cell sheets, and biomaterial-mediated stem cell therapies such as stem cell delivery with injectable hydrogel, three-dimensional scaffolds, and microneedle patches. Finally, we discuss future directions and challenges of engineering stem cell therapies for clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Fang
- Department of Bioengineering, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA; School of Biomedical Engineering and Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
| | - Jennifer J Li
- Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA; Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute and Institute for Regeneration Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Xintong Zhong
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yue Zhou
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Randall J Lee
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute and Institute for Regeneration Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Ke Cheng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Carolina State University, NC, USA
| | - Song Li
- Department of Bioengineering, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA; Eli and Edythe Broad Stem Cell Research Center, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA.
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64
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Cuenot S, Gélébart P, Sinquin C, Colliec-Jouault S, Zykwinska A. Mechanical relaxations of hydrogels governed by their physical or chemical crosslinks. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2022; 133:105343. [PMID: 35780569 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2022.105343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
In the field of tissue engineering, in order to restore tissue functionality hydrogels that closely mimic biological and mechanical properties of the extracellular matrix are intensely developed. Mechanical properties including relaxation of the surrounding microenvironment regulate essential cellular processes. However, the mechanical properties of engineered hydrogels are particularly complex since they involve not only a nonlinear elastic behavior but also time-dependent responses. An accurate determination of these properties at microscale, i.e. as probed by cells, becomes an essential step to further design hydrogel-based biomaterials able to induce specific cellular responses. Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) with contact sizes of the order of few micrometers constitutes an appropriate technique to determine the origin of relaxation mechanisms occurring in hydrogels. In the present study, AFM force relaxation experiments are conducted on chemically and physically crosslinked hydrogels respectively based on a synthetic polymer, polyacrylamide and a natural polymer, a bacterial exopolysaccharide infernan, produced by the deep-sea hydrothermal vent bacterium, Alteromonas infernus. Two distinct relaxation mechanisms are clearly evidenced depending on the nature of hydrogel network crosslinks. Chemically crosslinked hydrogel exhibits poroelastic relaxations, whereas physically crosslinked hydrogel shows time-dependent responses arising from viscoelastic effects. In addition, two relaxation processes are revealed in ionic physical hydrogel originating from chain rearrangement and breaking/reforming of the ionic crosslinks. The effect of the ionic strength on both the long-term elastic modulus and relaxation times of physical hydrogels was also shown. These findings highlight that physical hydrogels with well-defined time-dependent mechanical properties could be tuned for an optimized response of cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphane Cuenot
- Nantes Université, CNRS, Institut des Matériaux Jean Rouxel, IMN, 2, Rue de la Houssinière, 44322, Nantes, Cedex 3, France.
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65
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Rima XY, Zhang J, Nguyen LTH, Rajasuriyar A, Yoon MJ, Chiang CL, Walters N, Kwak KJ, Lee LJ, Reátegui E. Microfluidic harvesting of breast cancer tumor spheroid-derived extracellular vesicles from immobilized microgels for single-vesicle analysis. LAB ON A CHIP 2022; 22:2502-2518. [PMID: 35579189 PMCID: PMC9383696 DOI: 10.1039/d1lc01053k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Investigating cellular and vesicular heterogeneity in breast cancer remains a challenge, which encourages the development of controllable in vitro systems that mimic the tumor microenvironment. Although three-dimensional cell culture better recapitulates the heterogeneity observed in tumor growth and extracellular vesicle (EV) biogenesis, the physiological relevance is often contrasted with the control offered by two-dimensional cell culture. Therefore, to challenge this misconception we developed a novel microfluidic system harboring highly tunable three-dimensional EV microbioreactors (EVμBRs) to model micrometastatic EV release in breast cancer while capitalizing on the convenient, low-volume, and sterile interface provided by microfluidics. The diameter and cellular occupancy of the EVμBRs could be precisely tailored to various configurations, supporting the formation of breast cancer tumor spheroids. To immobilize the EVμBRs within a microchannel and facilitate EV extraction, oxygen inhibition in free-radical polymerization was repurposed to rapidly generate two-layer hydrodynamic traps in situ using a digital-micromirror device (DMD)-based ultraviolet (UV) projection system. Breast cancer tumor spheroid-derived EVs were harvested with as little as 20 μL from the microfluidic system and quantified by single-EV immunofluorescence for CD63 and CD81. Despite the low-volume extraction, differences in biomarker expression and coexpression of the tetraspanins on single EVs were observed. Furthermore, the EVμBRs were capable of recapitulating heterogeneity at a cellular and vesicular degree, indicating the utility and robustness of the microfluidic system to investigate physiologically relevant EVs in breast cancer and other disease models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xilal Y Rima
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
| | - Jingjing Zhang
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
| | - Luong T H Nguyen
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
| | - Aaron Rajasuriyar
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
| | - Min Jin Yoon
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
| | - Chi-Ling Chiang
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
| | - Nicole Walters
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
| | | | - L James Lee
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
- Spot Biosystems Ltd., Palo Alto, CA 94301, USA
| | - Eduardo Reátegui
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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66
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Marikar SN, El-Osta A, Johnston A, Such G, Al-Hasani K. Microencapsulation-based cell therapies. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:351. [PMID: 35674842 PMCID: PMC9177480 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04369-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Mapping a new therapeutic route can be fraught with challenges, but recent developments in the preparation and properties of small particles combined with significant improvements to tried and tested techniques offer refined cell targeting with tremendous translational potential. Regenerating new cells through the use of compounds that regulate epigenetic pathways represents an attractive approach that is gaining increased attention for the treatment of several diseases including Type 1 Diabetes and cardiomyopathy. However, cells that have been regenerated using epigenetic agents will still encounter immunological barriers as well as limitations associated with their longevity and potency during transplantation. Strategies aimed at protecting these epigenetically regenerated cells from the host immune response include microencapsulation. Microencapsulation can provide new solutions for the treatment of many diseases. In particular, it offers an advantageous method of administering therapeutic materials and molecules that cannot be substituted by pharmacological substances. Promising clinical findings have shown the potential beneficial use of microencapsulation for islet transplantation as well as for cardiac, hepatic, and neuronal repair. For the treatment of diseases such as type I diabetes that requires insulin release regulated by the patient's metabolic needs, microencapsulation may be the most effective therapeutic strategy. However, new materials need to be developed, so that transplanted encapsulated cells are able to survive for longer periods in the host. In this article, we discuss microencapsulation strategies and chart recent progress in nanomedicine that offers new potential for this area in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safiya Naina Marikar
- Epigenetics in Human Health and Disease, Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
| | - Assam El-Osta
- Epigenetics in Human Health and Disease, Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
| | - Angus Johnston
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Georgina Such
- School of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Keith Al-Hasani
- Epigenetics in Human Health and Disease, Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia.
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67
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Li Y, Zhang S, Jiang H, Guan X, Ngai T. Multifunctional Silica-Modified Hybrid Microgels Templated from Inverse Pickering Emulsions. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:6571-6578. [PMID: 35587898 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c00349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Microgels are regarded as soft colloids with environmental responsiveness. However, the majority of reported microgels are inherently hydrophilic, resulting in aqueous dispersions, and only used in water-based applications. Herein, we reported an efficient method for hybridization of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) microgel by coating hydrophobic silica nanoparticles on their surface. The resultant hybrid microgel had switchable surface wettability and could be dispersed in both aqueous and oil phases. Meanwhile, the coated hydrophobic silica nanoparticles solved the difficulty in redispersing microgels caused by particle aggregation and film formation during the drying process, providing a significant advantage in dried storage. Furthermore, the introduction of hydrophobic silica nanoparticles endowed the hybrid microgel with a variety of applications, including cargo encapsulation, active release induced by emulsion reversion, and trace water absorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunxing Li
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, P. R. China
| | - Shengwei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, P. R. China
| | - Hang Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, P. R. China
| | - Xin Guan
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N. T., Hong Kong 999077, P. R. China
| | - To Ngai
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N. T., Hong Kong 999077, P. R. China
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68
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Özkale B, Lou J, Özelçi E, Elosegui-Artola A, Tringides CM, Mao AS, Sakar MS, Mooney DJ. Actuated 3D microgels for single cell mechanobiology. LAB ON A CHIP 2022; 22:1962-1970. [PMID: 35437554 PMCID: PMC10116575 DOI: 10.1039/d2lc00203e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
We present a new cell culture technology for large-scale mechanobiology studies capable of generating and applying optically controlled uniform compression on single cells in 3D. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are individually encapsulated inside an optically triggered nanoactuator-alginate hybrid biomaterial using microfluidics, and the encapsulating network isotropically compresses the cell upon activation by light. The favorable biomolecular properties of alginate allow cell culture in vitro up to a week. The mechanically active microgels are capable of generating up to 15% compressive strain and forces reaching 400 nN. As a proof of concept, we demonstrate the use of the mechanically active cell culture system in mechanobiology by subjecting singly encapsulated MSCs to optically generated isotropic compression and monitoring changes in intracellular calcium intensity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berna Özkale
- Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA.
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Junzhe Lou
- Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA.
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Ece Özelçi
- Institute of Mechanical Engineering and Institute of Bioengineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Alberto Elosegui-Artola
- Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA.
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Christina M Tringides
- Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA.
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Angelo S Mao
- Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA.
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Mahmut Selman Sakar
- Institute of Mechanical Engineering and Institute of Bioengineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - David J Mooney
- Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA.
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
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69
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Bruschi M, Sahu N, Singla M, Grandi F, Agarwal P, Chu C, Bhutani N. A Quick and Efficient Method for the Generation of Immunomodulatory Mesenchymal Stromal Cell from Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell. Tissue Eng Part A 2022; 28:433-446. [PMID: 34693750 PMCID: PMC9131357 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2021.0172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have been widely investigated for their regenerative capacity, anti-inflammatory properties and beneficial immunomodulatory effects across multiple clinical indications. Nevertheless, their widespread clinical utilization is limited by the variability in MSC quality, impacted by donor age, metabolism, and disease. Human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) generated from readily accessible donor tissues, are a promising source of stable and rejuvenated MSC but differentiation methods generally require prolonged culture and result in low frequencies of stable MSCs. To overcome this limitation, we have optimized a quick and efficient method for hiPSC differentiation into footprint-free MSCs (human induced MSCs [hiMSCs]) in this study. This method capitalizes on the synergistic action of growth factors Wnt3a and Activin A with bone morphogenetic protein-4 (BMP4), leading to an enrichment of MSC after only 4 days of treatment. These hiMSCs demonstrate a significant upregulation of mesenchymal stromal markers (CD105+, CD90+, CD73, and cadherin 11) compared with bone marrow-derived MSCs (bmMSCs), with reduced expression of the pluripotency genes (octamer-binding transcription factor [Oct-4], cellular myelocytomatosis oncogene [c-Myc], Klf4, and Nanog homebox [Nanog]) compared with hiPSC. Moreover, they show improved proliferation capacity in culture without inducing any teratoma formation in vivo. Osteogenesis, chondrogenesis, and adipogenesis assays confirmed the ability of hiMSCs to differentiate into the three different lineages. Secretome analyses showed cytokine profiles compared with bmMSCs. Encapsulated hiMSCs in alginate beads cocultured with osteoarthritic (OA) cartilage explants showed robust immunomodulation, with stimulation of cell growth and proteoglycan production in OA cartilage. Our quick and efficient protocol for derivation of hiMSC from hiPSC, and their encapsulation in microbeads, therefore, presents a reliable and reproducible method to boost the clinical applications of MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Bruschi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Neety Sahu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Mamta Singla
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Fiorella Grandi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Pranay Agarwal
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Constance Chu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, PAVAHCS, Palo Alto, California, USA
| | - Nidhi Bhutani
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
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70
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Sanchez Rezza A, Kulahci Y, Gorantla VS, Zor F, Drzeniek NM. Implantable Biomaterials for Peripheral Nerve Regeneration–Technology Trends and Translational Tribulations. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:863969. [PMID: 35573254 PMCID: PMC9092979 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.863969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of autografted nerve in surgical repair of peripheral nerve injuries (PNI) is severely limited due to donor site morbidity and restricted tissue availability. As an alternative, synthetic nerve guidance channels (NGCs) are available on the market for surgical nerve repair, but they fail to promote nerve regeneration across larger critical gap nerve injuries. Therefore, such injuries remain unaddressed, result in poor healing outcomes and are a limiting factor in limb reconstruction and transplantation. On the other hand, a myriad of advanced biomaterial strategies to address critical nerve injuries are proposed in preclinical literature but only few of those have found their way into clinical practice. The design of synthetic nerve grafts should follow rational criteria and make use of a combination of bioinstructive cues to actively promote nerve regeneration. To identify the most promising NGC designs for translation into applicable products, thorough mode of action studies, standardized readouts and validation in large animals are needed. We identify design criteria for NGC fabrication according to the current state of research, give a broad overview of bioactive and functionalized biomaterials and highlight emerging composite implant strategies using therapeutic cells, soluble factors, structural features and intrinsically conductive substrates. Finally, we discuss translational progress in bioartificial conduits for nerve repair from the surgeon’s perspective and give an outlook toward future challenges in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Sanchez Rezza
- Charité— Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt–Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Medical Immunology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Yalcin Kulahci
- Wake Forest School of Medicine, Department of Surgery, Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
| | - Vijay S. Gorantla
- Wake Forest School of Medicine, Department of Surgery, Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
| | - Fatih Zor
- Wake Forest School of Medicine, Department of Surgery, Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
- *Correspondence: Fatih Zor, ; Norman M. Drzeniek,
| | - Norman M. Drzeniek
- Charité— Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt–Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Medical Immunology, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Berlin, Germany
- Charité — Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt- Universität zu Berlin, Berlin-Brandenburg School for Regenerative Therapies (BSRT), Berlin, Germany
- *Correspondence: Fatih Zor, ; Norman M. Drzeniek,
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71
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Adeyemi SA, Choonara YE. Current advances in cell therapeutics: A biomacromolecules application perspective. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2022; 19:521-538. [PMID: 35395914 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2022.2064844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Many chronic diseases have evolved and to circumvent the limitations of using conventional drug therapies, smart cell encapsulating delivery systems have been explored to customize the treatment with alignment to disease longevity. Cell therapeutics has advanced in tandem with improvements in biomaterials that can suitably deliver therapeutic cells to achieve targeted therapy. Among the promising biomacromolecules for cell delivery are those that share bio-relevant architecture with the extracellular matrix and display extraordinary compatibility in the presence of therapeutic cells. Interestingly, many biomacromolecules that fulfil these tenets occur naturally and can form hydrogels. AREAS COVERED This review provides a concise incursion into the paradigm shift to cell therapeutics using biomacromolecules. Advances in the design and use of biomacromolecules to assemble smart therapeutic cell carriers is discussed in light of their pivotal role in enhancing cell encapsulation and delivery. In addition, the principles that govern the application of cell therapeutics in diabetes, neuronal disorders, cancers and cardiovascular disease are outlined. EXPERT OPINION Cell therapeutics promises to revolutionize the treatment of various secretory cell dysfunctions. Current and future advances in designing functional biomacromolecules will be critical to ensure that optimal delivery of therapeutic cells is achieved with desired biosafety and potency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samson A Adeyemi
- Wits Advanced Drug Delivery Platform Research Unit, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, School of Therapeutic Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 7 York Road, Parktown, 2193, South Africa
| | - Yahya E Choonara
- Wits Advanced Drug Delivery Platform Research Unit, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, School of Therapeutic Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 7 York Road, Parktown, 2193, South Africa
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72
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Nadine S, Chung A, Diltemiz SE, Yasuda B, Lee C, Hosseini V, Karamikamkar S, de Barros NR, Mandal K, Advani S, Zamanian BB, Mecwan M, Zhu Y, Mofidfar M, Zare MR, Mano J, Dokmeci MR, Alambeigi F, Ahadian S. Advances in microfabrication technologies in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Artif Organs 2022; 46:E211-E243. [PMID: 35349178 DOI: 10.1111/aor.14232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tissue engineering provides various strategies to fabricate an appropriate microenvironment to support the repair and regeneration of lost or damaged tissues. In this matter, several technologies have been implemented to construct close-to-native three-dimensional structures at numerous physiological scales, which are essential to confer the functional characteristics of living tissues. METHODS In this article, we review a variety of microfabrication technologies that are currently utilized for several tissue engineering applications, such as soft lithography, microneedles, templated and self-assembly of microstructures, microfluidics, fiber spinning, and bioprinting. RESULTS These technologies have considerably helped us to precisely manipulate cells or cellular constructs for the fabrication of biomimetic tissues and organs. Although currently available tissues still lack some crucial functionalities, including vascular networks, innervation, and lymphatic system, microfabrication strategies are being proposed to overcome these issues. Moreover, the microfabrication techniques that have progressed to the preclinical stage are also discussed. CONCLUSIONS This article aims to highlight the advantages and drawbacks of each technique and areas of further research for a more comprehensive and evolving understanding of microfabrication techniques in terms of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Nadine
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation (TIBI), Los Angeles, California, USA.,CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Ada Chung
- Department of Psychology, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | | | - Brooke Yasuda
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation (TIBI), Los Angeles, California, USA.,Department of Psychology, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Charles Lee
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation (TIBI), Los Angeles, California, USA.,Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA.,Station 1, Lawrence, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Vahid Hosseini
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation (TIBI), Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Solmaz Karamikamkar
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation (TIBI), Los Angeles, California, USA
| | | | - Kalpana Mandal
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation (TIBI), Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Shailesh Advani
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation (TIBI), Los Angeles, California, USA
| | | | - Marvin Mecwan
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation (TIBI), Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Yangzhi Zhu
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation (TIBI), Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Mohammad Mofidfar
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California, USA
| | | | - João Mano
- CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Mehmet Remzi Dokmeci
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation (TIBI), Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Farshid Alambeigi
- Walker Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Samad Ahadian
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation (TIBI), Los Angeles, California, USA
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73
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Steinacher M, Amstad E. Spray-Assisted Formation of Micrometer-Sized Emulsions. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:13952-13961. [PMID: 35258934 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c00963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Emulsion drops with defined sizes are frequently used to conduct chemical reactions on picoliter scales or as templates to form microparticles. Despite tremendous progress that has been achieved in the production of emulsions, the high throughput formation of drops with well-defined diameters of a few micrometers remains challenging. Drops of this size, however, are in high demand, for example, for many pharmaceutical, food, and materials science applications. Here, we introduce a scalable method to produce water-in-oil emulsion drops possessing controlled diameters of just a few micrometers: We fabricate calibrated aerosol drops and transfer them into an oil bath to form stable emulsions at rates up to 480 μL min-1 of the dispersed phase. We demonstrate that the emulsification is thermodynamically driven such that design principles to successfully form emulsions can easily be deduced. We employ these emulsion drops as templates to form well-defined micrometer-sized hydrogel spheres and capsules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathias Steinacher
- Soft Materials Laboratory, Institute of Materials, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne 1015, Switzerland
| | - Esther Amstad
- Soft Materials Laboratory, Institute of Materials, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne 1015, Switzerland
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74
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Omar J, Ponsford D, Dreiss CA, Lee TC, Loh XJ. Supramolecular Hydrogels: Design Strategies and Contemporary Biomedical Applications. Chem Asian J 2022; 17:e202200081. [PMID: 35304978 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202200081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Self-assembly of supramolecular hydrogels is driven by dynamic, non-covalent interactions between molecules. Considerable research effort has been exerted to fabricate and optimise supramolecular hydrogels that display shear-thinning, self-healing, and reversibility, in order to develop materials for biomedical applications. This review provides a detailed overview of the chemistry behind the dynamic physicochemical interactions that sustain hydrogel formation (hydrogen bonding, hydrophobic interactions, ionic interactions, metal-ligand coordination, and host-guest interactions). Novel design strategies and methodologies to create supramolecular hydrogels are highlighted, which offer promise for a wide range of applications, specifically drug delivery, wound healing, tissue engineering and 3D bioprinting. To conclude, future prospects are briefly discussed, and consideration given to the steps required to ultimately bring these biomaterials into clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmin Omar
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, 150 Stamford Street, SE1 9NH, London, UK.,Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Daniel Ponsford
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore.,Department of Chemistry, University College London, London, WC1H 0AJ, UK.,Institute for Materials Discovery, University College London, London, WC1E 7JE, UK
| | - Cécile A Dreiss
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, 150 Stamford Street, SE1 9NH, London, UK
| | - Tung-Chun Lee
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, London, WC1H 0AJ, UK.,Institute for Materials Discovery, University College London, London, WC1E 7JE, UK
| | - Xian Jun Loh
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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75
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Wang W, Wang S. Cell-based biocomposite engineering directed by polymers. LAB ON A CHIP 2022; 22:1042-1067. [PMID: 35244136 DOI: 10.1039/d2lc00067a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Biological cells such as bacterial, fungal, and mammalian cells always exploit sophisticated chemistries and exquisite micro- and nano-structures to execute life activities, providing numerous templates for engineering bioactive and biomorphic materials, devices, and systems. To transform biological cells into functional biocomposites, polymer-directed cell surface engineering and intracellular functionalization have been developed over the past two decades. Polymeric materials can be easily adopted by various cells through polymer grafting or in situ hydrogelation and can successfully bridge cells with other functional materials as interfacial layers, thus achieving the manufacture of advanced biocomposites through bioaugmentation of living cells and transformation of cells into templated materials. This review article summarizes the recent progress in the design and construction of cell-based biocomposites by polymer-directed strategies. Furthermore, the applications of cell-based biocomposites in broad fields such as cell research, biomedicine, and bioenergy are discussed. Last, we provide personal perspectives on challenges and future trends in this interdisciplinary area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenshuo Wang
- Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
- Shandong Energy Institute, Qingdao, 266101, China
| | - Shutao Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Materials and Interfacial Science, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
- School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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76
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Bjørge IM, Correia CR, Mano JF. Hipster microcarriers: exploring geometrical and topographical cues of non-spherical microcarriers in biomedical applications. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2022; 9:908-933. [PMID: 34908074 DOI: 10.1039/d1mh01694f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Structure and organisation are key aspects of the native tissue environment, which ultimately condition cell fate via a myriad of processes, including the activation of mechanotransduction pathways. By modulating the formation of integrin-mediated adhesions and consequently impacting cell contractility, engineered geometrical and topographical cues may be introduced to activate downstream signalling and ultimately control cell morphology, proliferation, and differentiation. Microcarriers appear as attractive vehicles for cell-based tissue engineering strategies aiming to modulate this 3D environment, but also as vehicles for cell-free applications, given the ease in tuning their chemical and physical properties. In this review, geometry and topography are highlighted as two preponderant features in actively regulating interactions between cells and the extracellular matrix. While most studies focus on the 2D environment, we focus on how the incorporation of these strategies in 3D systems could be beneficial. The techniques applied to design 3D microcarriers with unique geometries and surface topographical cues are covered, as well as specific tissue engineering approaches employing these microcarriers. In fact, successfully achieving a functional histoarchitecture may depend on a combination of fine-tuned geometrically shaped microcarriers presenting intricately tailored topographical cues. Lastly, we pinpoint microcarrier geometry as a key player in cell-free biomaterial-based strategies, and its impact on drug release kinetics, the production of steerable microcarriers to target tumour cells, and as protein or antibody biosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel M Bjørge
- Department of Chemistry, CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Clara R Correia
- Department of Chemistry, CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - João F Mano
- Department of Chemistry, CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal.
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77
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Jiang Z, Lin FY, Jiang K, Nguyen H, Chang CY, Lin CC. Dissolvable microgel-templated macroporous hydrogels for controlled cell assembly. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2022; 134:112712. [PMID: 35581097 PMCID: PMC9358784 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2022.112712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2021] [Revised: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs)-based therapies have been widely used to promote tissue regeneration and to modulate immune/inflammatory response. The therapeutic potential of MSCs can be further improved by forming multi-cellular spheroids. Meanwhile, hydrogels with macroporous structures are advantageous for improving mass transport properties for the cell-laden matrices. Herein, we report the fabrication of MSC-laden macroporous hydrogel scaffolds through incorporating rapidly dissolvable spherical cell-laden microgels. Dissolvable microgels were fabricated by tandem droplet-microfluidics and thiol-norbornene photopolymerization using a novel fast-degrading macromer poly(ethylene glycol)-norbornene-dopamine (PEGNB-Dopa). The cell-laden PEGNB-Dopa microgels were subsequently encapsulated within another bulk hydrogel matrix, whose porous structure was generated efficiently by the rapid degradation of the PEGNB-Dopa microgels. The cytocompatibility of this in situ pore-forming approach was demonstrated with multiple cell types. Furthermore, adjusting the stiffness and cell adhesiveness of the bulk hydrogels afforded the formation of solid cell spheroids or hollow spheres. The assembly of solid or hollow MSC spheroids led to differential activation of AKT pathway. Finally, MSCs solid spheroids formed in situ within the macroporous hydrogels exhibited robust secretion of HGF, VEGF-A, IL-6, IL-8, and TIMP-2. In summary, this platform provides an innovative method for forming cell-laden macroporous hydrogels for a variety of future biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongliang Jiang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA
| | - Fang-Yi Lin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA
| | - Kun Jiang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA
| | - Han Nguyen
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907 USA
| | - Chun-Yi Chang
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907 USA
| | - Chien-Chi Lin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; Indiana University Simon Comprehensive Cancer Center, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
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78
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Kittel Y, Kuehne AJC, De Laporte L. Translating Therapeutic Microgels into Clinical Applications. Adv Healthc Mater 2022; 11:e2101989. [PMID: 34826201 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202101989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Microgels are crosslinked, water-swollen networks with a 10 nm to 100 µm diameter and can be modified chemically or biologically to render them biocompatible for advanced clinical applications. Depending on their intended use, microgels require different mechanical and structural properties, which can be engineered on demand by altering the biochemical composition, crosslink density of the polymer network, and the fabrication method. Here, the fundamental aspects of microgel research and development, as well as their specific applications for theranostics and therapy in the clinic, are discussed. A detailed overview of microgel fabrication techniques with regards to their intended clinical application is presented, while focusing on how microgels can be employed as local drug delivery materials, scavengers, and contrast agents. Moreover, microgels can act as scaffolds for tissue engineering and regeneration application. Finally, an overview of microgels is given, which already made it into pre-clinical and clinical trials, while future challenges and chances are discussed. This review presents an instructive guideline for chemists, material scientists, and researchers in the biomedical field to introduce them to the fundamental physicochemical properties of microgels and guide them from fabrication methods via characterization techniques and functionalization of microgels toward specific applications in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonca Kittel
- DWI – Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials Forckenbeckstrasse 50 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Alexander J. C. Kuehne
- DWI – Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials Forckenbeckstrasse 50 52074 Aachen Germany
- Institute of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry Ulm University Albert‐Einstein‐Allee 11 89081 Ulm Germany
- Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry (ITMC) Polymeric Biomaterials RWTH University Aachen Worringerweg 2 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Laura De Laporte
- DWI – Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials Forckenbeckstrasse 50 52074 Aachen Germany
- Max Planck School‐Matter to Life (MtL) Jahnstraße 29 69120 Heidelberg Germany
- Advanced Materials for Biomedicine (AMB) Institute of Applied Medical Engineering (AME) Center for Biohybrid Medical Systems (CBMS) University Hospital RWTH 52074 Aachen Germany
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79
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Hsu CC, George JH, Waller S, Besnard C, Nagel DA, Hill EJ, Coleman MD, Korsunsky AM, Cui Z, Ye H. Increased connectivity of hiPSC-derived neural networks in multiphase granular hydrogel scaffolds. Bioact Mater 2022; 9:358-372. [PMID: 34820576 PMCID: PMC8586009 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2021.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
To reflect human development, it is critical to create a substrate that can support long-term cell survival, differentiation, and maturation. Hydrogels are promising materials for 3D cultures. However, a bulk structure consisting of dense polymer networks often leads to suboptimal microenvironments that impedes nutrient exchange and cell-to-cell interaction. Herein, granular hydrogel-based scaffolds were used to support 3D human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived neural networks. A custom designed 3D printed toolset was developed to extrude hyaluronic acid hydrogel through a porous nylon fabric to generate hydrogel granules. Cells and hydrogel granules were combined using a weaker secondary gelation step, forming self-supporting cell laden scaffolds. At three and seven days, granular scaffolds supported higher cell viability compared to bulk hydrogels, whereas granular scaffolds supported more neurite bearing cells and longer neurite extensions (65.52 ± 11.59 μm) after seven days compared to bulk hydrogels (22.90 ± 4.70 μm). Long-term (three-month) cultures of clinically relevant hiPSC-derived neural cells in granular hydrogels supported well established neuronal and astrocytic colonies and a high level of neurite extension both inside and beyond the scaffold. This approach is significant as it provides a simple, rapid and efficient way to achieve a tissue-relevant granular structure within hydrogel cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Chen Hsu
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Julian H. George
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Sharlayne Waller
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Cyril Besnard
- MBLEM, Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PJ, UK
| | - David A Nagel
- School of Biosciences, College of Health and Life Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, B4 7ET, UK
- Translational Medicine Research Group, Aston Medical School, College of Health and Life Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, B4 7ET, UK
| | - Eric J Hill
- School of Biosciences, College of Health and Life Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, B4 7ET, UK
| | - Michael D. Coleman
- School of Biosciences, College of Health and Life Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, B4 7ET, UK
| | - Alexander M. Korsunsky
- MBLEM, Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PJ, UK
| | - Zhanfeng Cui
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Hua Ye
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK
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80
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Nanocell hybrids for green chemistry. Trends Biotechnol 2022; 40:974-986. [PMID: 35210123 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2022.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Global concerns about reducing or minimizing the costs associated with toxic waste materials have driven the continuing development of green-cell-based biosynthesis methods. Inspired by the hybridization phenomenon of living organisms, recent interest has arisen in nanocell hybrids that possess multiple new functions. They have potential to propel biosynthesis into a new generation of green chemistry. This review article discusses the development of applications for nanocell hybrids in the areas of sustainable energy, clean environment, and green catalysis. Continuing advances in these hybrids will require combining knowledge from the fields of biology, physics, chemistry, material science, and engineering.
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81
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Bognár Z, de Jonge MI, Gyurcsányi RE. In situ silver nanoparticle coating of virions for quantification at single virus level. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:2296-2303. [PMID: 35081610 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr07607h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In situ labelling and encapsulation of biological entities, such as of single viruses, may provide a versatile approach to modulate their functionality and facilitate their detection at single particle level. Here, we introduce a novel virus metallization approach based on in situ coating of viruses in solution with silver nanoparticles (AgNP) in a two-step synthetic process, i.e. surface activation with a tannic acid - Sn(II) coordination complex, which subsequently induces silver ion (I) reduction. The metalic coating on the virus surface opens the opportunity for electrochemical quantification of the AgNP-tagged viruses by nano-impact electrochemistry on a microelectrode with single particle sensitivity, i.e. enable the detection of particles oherwise undetectable. We show that the silver coating of the virus particles impacting the electrode can be oxidized to produce distinct current peaks the frequency of which show a linear correlation with the virus count. The proof of the concept was done with inactivated Influenza A (H3N2) viruses resulting in their quantitation down to the femtomolar concentrations (ca. 5 × 107 particles per mL) using 50 s counting sequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zsófia Bognár
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Műegyetem rkp. 3, H-1111 Budapest, Hungary.
- MTA-BME Lendület Chemical Nanosensors Research Group, Műegyetem rkp. 3, H-1111 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Marien I de Jonge
- Section Paediatric Infectious Diseases, Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Philips van Leydenlaan 15, 6525 EX Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Róbert E Gyurcsányi
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Műegyetem rkp. 3, H-1111 Budapest, Hungary.
- MTA-BME Lendület Chemical Nanosensors Research Group, Műegyetem rkp. 3, H-1111 Budapest, Hungary
- MTA-BME Computation Driven Chemistry Research Group, Műegyetem rkp. 3, H-1111 Budapest, Hungary
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82
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Guo Z, Zhang L, Yang Q, Peng R, Yuan X, Xu L, Wang Z, Chen F, Huang H, Liu Q, Tan W. Manipulation of Multiple Cell–Cell Interactions by Tunable DNA Scaffold Networks. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202111151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzhen Guo
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory (MBL) State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics College of Biology Aptamer Engineering Center of Hunan Province Hunan University Changsha Hunan 410082 China
| | - Lili Zhang
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory (MBL) State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics College of Biology Aptamer Engineering Center of Hunan Province Hunan University Changsha Hunan 410082 China
| | - Qiuxia Yang
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory (MBL) State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics College of Biology Aptamer Engineering Center of Hunan Province Hunan University Changsha Hunan 410082 China
| | - Ruizi Peng
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory (MBL) State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics College of Biology Aptamer Engineering Center of Hunan Province Hunan University Changsha Hunan 410082 China
- The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Zhejiang Cancer Hospital) Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC) Chinese Academy of Sciences Hangzhou Zhejiang 310022 China
| | - Xi Yuan
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory (MBL) State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics College of Biology Aptamer Engineering Center of Hunan Province Hunan University Changsha Hunan 410082 China
| | - Liujun Xu
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory (MBL) State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics College of Biology Aptamer Engineering Center of Hunan Province Hunan University Changsha Hunan 410082 China
| | - Zhimin Wang
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory (MBL) State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics College of Biology Aptamer Engineering Center of Hunan Province Hunan University Changsha Hunan 410082 China
| | - Fengming Chen
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory (MBL) State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics College of Biology Aptamer Engineering Center of Hunan Province Hunan University Changsha Hunan 410082 China
| | - Huidong Huang
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory (MBL) State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics College of Biology Aptamer Engineering Center of Hunan Province Hunan University Changsha Hunan 410082 China
| | - Qiaoling Liu
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory (MBL) State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics College of Biology Aptamer Engineering Center of Hunan Province Hunan University Changsha Hunan 410082 China
| | - Weihong Tan
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory (MBL) State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics College of Biology Aptamer Engineering Center of Hunan Province Hunan University Changsha Hunan 410082 China
- The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Zhejiang Cancer Hospital) Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC) Chinese Academy of Sciences Hangzhou Zhejiang 310022 China
- Institute of Molecular Medicine (IMM) Renji Hospital Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 China
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83
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Zhang T, Zhang H, Zhou W, Jiang K, Liu C, Wang R, Zhou Y, Zhang Z, Mei Q, Dong WF, Sun M, Li H. One-Step Generation and Purification of Cell-Encapsulated Hydrogel Microsphere With an Easily Assembled Microfluidic Device. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 9:816089. [PMID: 35155414 PMCID: PMC8831896 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.816089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell-laden hydrogel microspheres with uniform size show great potential for tissue repair and drug screening applications. Droplet microfluidic systems have been widely used for the generation of cell-laden hydrogel microspheres. However, existing droplet microfluidic systems are mostly based on complex chips and are not compatible with well culture plates. Moreover, microspheres produced by droplet microfluidics need demulsification and purification from oil, which requires time and effort and may compromise cell viability. Herein, we present a simple one-step approach for producing and purifying hydrogel microspheres with an easily assembled microfluidic device. Droplets were generated and solidified in the device tubing. The obtained hydrogel microspheres were then transferred to a tissue culture plate filled with cell culture media and demulsified through evaporation of the oil at 37°C. The removal of oil caused the gelled microspheres to be released into the cell culture media. The encapsulated cells demonstrated good viability and grew into tumor spheroids in 12–14 days. Single cell-laden hydrogel microspheres were also obtained and grown into spheroid in 14 days. This one-step microsphere generation method shows good potential for applications in automated spheroid and organoid cultures as well as drug screening, and could potentially offer benefits for translation of cell/microgel technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Zhang
- School of Biomedical Engineering (Suzhou), Division of Life Sciences and Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- CAS Key Lab of Bio-Medical Diagnostics, Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Science, Suzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Wen-Fei Dong, ; Minxuan Sun, ; Haiwen Li, ; Tao Zhang,
| | - Hong Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Optics, Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, China
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wuping Zhou
- School of Biomedical Engineering (Suzhou), Division of Life Sciences and Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- CAS Key Lab of Bio-Medical Diagnostics, Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Science, Suzhou, China
| | - Keming Jiang
- School of Biomedical Engineering (Suzhou), Division of Life Sciences and Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- CAS Key Lab of Bio-Medical Diagnostics, Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Science, Suzhou, China
| | - Cong Liu
- CAS Key Lab of Bio-Medical Diagnostics, Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Science, Suzhou, China
| | - Ru Wang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun, China
| | - Yuanshuai Zhou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Optics, Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, China
| | - Zhiqiang Zhang
- CAS Key Lab of Bio-Medical Diagnostics, Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Science, Suzhou, China
| | - Qian Mei
- CAS Key Lab of Bio-Medical Diagnostics, Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Science, Suzhou, China
| | - Wen-Fei Dong
- School of Biomedical Engineering (Suzhou), Division of Life Sciences and Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- CAS Key Lab of Bio-Medical Diagnostics, Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Science, Suzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Wen-Fei Dong, ; Minxuan Sun, ; Haiwen Li, ; Tao Zhang,
| | - Minxuan Sun
- School of Biomedical Engineering (Suzhou), Division of Life Sciences and Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Optics, Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Wen-Fei Dong, ; Minxuan Sun, ; Haiwen Li, ; Tao Zhang,
| | - Haiwen Li
- CAS Key Lab of Bio-Medical Diagnostics, Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Science, Suzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Wen-Fei Dong, ; Minxuan Sun, ; Haiwen Li, ; Tao Zhang,
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84
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Mohajeri M, Eskandari M, Ghazali ZS, Ghazali HS. Cell encapsulation in alginate-based microgels using droplet microfluidics; a review on gelation methods and applications. Biomed Phys Eng Express 2022; 8. [PMID: 35073537 DOI: 10.1088/2057-1976/ac4e2d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Cell encapsulation within the microspheres using a semi-permeable polymer allows the two-way transfer of molecules such as oxygen, nutrients, and growth factors. The main advantages of cell encapsulation technology include controlling the problems involved in transplanting rejection in tissue engineering applications and reducing the long-term need for immunosuppressive drugs following organ transplantation to eliminate the side effects. Cell-laden microgels can also be used in 3D cell cultures, wound healing, and cancerous clusters for drug testing. Since cell encapsulation is used for different purposes, several techniques have been developed to encapsulate cells. Droplet-based microfluidics is one of the most valuable techniques in cell encapsulating. This study aimed to review the geometries and the mechanisms proposed in microfluidic systems to precisely control cell-laden microgels production with different biopolymers. We also focused on alginate gelation techniques due to their essential role in cell encapsulation applications. Finally, some applications of these microgels and researches will be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Mohajeri
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Amirkabir University of Technology, Department of Biomedical Engineering No. 350, Hafez Ave, Valiasr Square, Tehran, Iran, Tehran, 159163-4311, Iran (the Islamic Republic of)
| | - Mahnaz Eskandari
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Amirkabir University of Technology, Department of Biomedical Engineering No. 350, Hafez Ave, Valiasr Square, Tehran, Iran, Tehran, 159163-4311, Iran (the Islamic Republic of)
| | - Zahra Sadat Ghazali
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Amirkabir University of Technology, No. 350, Hafez Ave, Valiasr Square, Tehran, Iran, Tehran, 159163-4311, Iran (the Islamic Republic of)
| | - Hanieh Sadat Ghazali
- Department of Nanobiotechnology, Tarbiat Modares University, Jalal Aleahmad-Tehran-Iran, Tehran, 14115-111, Iran (the Islamic Republic of)
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85
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Liu D, Sun M, Zhang J, Hu R, Fu W, Xuanyuan T, Liu W. Single-cell droplet microfluidics for biomedical applications. Analyst 2022; 147:2294-2316. [DOI: 10.1039/d1an02321g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
This review focuses on the recent advances in the fundamentals of single-cell droplet microfluidics and its applications in biomedicine, providing insights into design and establishment of single-cell microsystems and their further performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Liu
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering and Pathology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Meilin Sun
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering and Pathology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Jinwei Zhang
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering and Pathology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Rui Hu
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering and Pathology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Wenzhu Fu
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering and Pathology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Tingting Xuanyuan
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering and Pathology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Wenming Liu
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering and Pathology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
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86
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Inhibition of aberrant tissue remodelling by mesenchymal stromal cells singly coated with soft gels presenting defined chemomechanical cues. Nat Biomed Eng 2022; 6:54-66. [PMID: 34083763 PMCID: PMC8908879 DOI: 10.1038/s41551-021-00740-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The precise understanding and control of microenvironmental cues could be used to optimize the efficacy of cell therapeutics. Here, we show that mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) singly coated with a soft conformal gel presenting defined chemomechanical cues promote matrix remodelling by secreting soluble interstitial collagenases in response to the presence of tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α). In mice with fibrotic lung injury, treatment with the coated MSCs maintained normal collagen levels, fibre density and microelasticity in lung tissue, and the continuous presentation of recombinant TNF-α in the gel facilitated the reversal of aberrant tissue remodelling by the cells when inflammation subsided in the host. Gel coatings with predefined chemomechanical cues could be used to tailor cells with specific mechanisms of action for desired therapeutic outcomes.
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87
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Hu W, Shi J, Lv W, Jia X, Ariga K. Regulation of stem cell fate and function by using bioactive materials with nanoarchitectonics for regenerative medicine. SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF ADVANCED MATERIALS 2022; 23:393-412. [PMID: 35783540 PMCID: PMC9246028 DOI: 10.1080/14686996.2022.2082260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Nanoarchitectonics has emerged as a post-nanotechnology concept. As one of the applications of nanoarchitectonics, this review paper discusses the control of stem cell fate and function as an important issue. For hybrid nanoarchitectonics involving living cells, it is crucial to understand how biomaterials and their nanoarchitected structures regulate behaviours and fates of stem cells. In this review, biomaterials for the regulation of stem cell fate are firstly discussed. Besides multipotent differentiation, immunomodulation is an important biological function of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). MSCs can modulate immune cells to treat multiple immune- and inflammation-mediated diseases. The following sections summarize the recent advances of the regulation of the immunomodulatory functions of MSCs by biophysical signals. In the third part, we discussed how biomaterials direct the self-organization of pluripotent stem cells for organoid. Bioactive materials are constructed which mimic the biophysical cues of in vivo microenvironment such as elasticity, viscoelasticity, biodegradation, fluidity, topography, cell geometry, and etc. Stem cells interpret these biophysical cues by different cytoskeletal forces. The different cytoskeletal forces lead to substantial transcription and protein expression, which affect stem cell fate and function. Regulations of stem cells could not be utilized only for tissue repair and regenerative medicine but also potentially for production of advanced materials systems. Materials nanoarchitectonics with integration of stem cells and related biological substances would have high impacts in science and technology of advanced materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Hu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, ShenzhenP. R. China
| | - Jiaming Shi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, ShenzhenP. R. China
| | - Wenyan Lv
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, ShenzhenP. R. China
| | - Xiaofang Jia
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, ShenzhenP. R. China
- CONTACT Xiaofang Jia School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen518107, P. R. China
| | - Katsuhiko Ariga
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Ibaraki, Japan
- Department of Advanced Materials Science, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, the University of Tokyo, KashiwaJapan
- Katsuhiko Ariga International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Ibaraki305-0044, Japan
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88
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Wang C, Wang Q, Shang L. Microfluidic single-cell coating with defined chemomechanical cues for cell therapy. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2021; 66:2434-2436. [PMID: 36654197 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2021.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chong Wang
- Shanghai Xuhui Central Hospital, Zhongshan-Xuhui Hospital, the Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, International Co-laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism (Ministry of Science and Technology), Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Qiao Wang
- Shanghai Xuhui Central Hospital, Zhongshan-Xuhui Hospital, the Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, International Co-laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism (Ministry of Science and Technology), Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Luoran Shang
- Shanghai Xuhui Central Hospital, Zhongshan-Xuhui Hospital, the Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, International Co-laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism (Ministry of Science and Technology), Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
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89
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Enhancing Stem Cell Therapy for Cartilage Repair in Osteoarthritis-A Hydrogel Focused Approach. Gels 2021; 7:gels7040263. [PMID: 34940323 PMCID: PMC8701810 DOI: 10.3390/gels7040263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Sem cells hold tremendous promise for the treatment of cartilage repair in osteoarthritis. In addition to their multipotency, stem cells possess immunomodulatory effects that can alleviate inflammation and enhance cartilage repair. However, the widely clinical application of stem cell therapy to cartilage repair and osteoarthritis has proven difficult due to challenges in large-scale production, viability maintenance in pathological tissue site and limited therapeutic biological activity. This review aims to provide a perspective from hydrogel-focused approach to address few key challenges in stem cell-based therapy for cartilage repair and highlight recent progress in advanced hydrogels, particularly microgels and dynamic hydrogels systems for improving stem cell survival, retention and regulation of stem cell fate. Finally, progress in hydrogel-assisted gene delivery and genome editing approaches for the development of next generation of stem cell therapy for cartilage repair in osteoarthritis are highlighted.
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90
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Guo Z, Zhang L, Yang Q, Peng R, Yuan X, Xu L, Wang Z, Chen F, Huang H, Liu Q, Tan W. Manipulation of Multiple Cell-Cell Interactions by Tunable DNA Scaffold Networks. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 61:e202111151. [PMID: 34873818 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202111151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Manipulation of cell-cell interactions via cell surface engineering has potential biomedical applications in tissue engineering and cell therapy. However, manipulation of the comprehensive and multiple intercellular interactions remains a challenge and missing elements. Herein, utilizing a DNA triangular prism (TP) and a branched polymer (BP) as functional modules, we fabricate tunable DNA scaffold networks on the cell surface. The responsiveness of cell-cell recognition, aggregation and dissociation could be modulated by aptamer-functionalized DNA scaffold networks with high accuracy and specificity. By regulating the DNA scaffold networks coated on the cell surface, controlled intercellular molecular transportation is achieved. Our tunable network provides a simple and extendible strategy which addresses a current need in cell surface engineering to precisely manipulate cell-cell interactions and shows promise as a general tool for controllable cell behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzhen Guo
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory (MBL), State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, Aptamer Engineering Center of Hunan Province, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, 410082, China
| | - Lili Zhang
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory (MBL), State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, Aptamer Engineering Center of Hunan Province, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, 410082, China
| | - Qiuxia Yang
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory (MBL), State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, Aptamer Engineering Center of Hunan Province, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, 410082, China
| | - Ruizi Peng
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory (MBL), State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, Aptamer Engineering Center of Hunan Province, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, 410082, China.,The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310022, China
| | - Xi Yuan
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory (MBL), State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, Aptamer Engineering Center of Hunan Province, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, 410082, China
| | - Liujun Xu
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory (MBL), State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, Aptamer Engineering Center of Hunan Province, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, 410082, China
| | - Zhimin Wang
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory (MBL), State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, Aptamer Engineering Center of Hunan Province, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, 410082, China
| | - Fengming Chen
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory (MBL), State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, Aptamer Engineering Center of Hunan Province, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, 410082, China
| | - Huidong Huang
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory (MBL), State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, Aptamer Engineering Center of Hunan Province, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, 410082, China
| | - Qiaoling Liu
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory (MBL), State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, Aptamer Engineering Center of Hunan Province, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, 410082, China
| | - Weihong Tan
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory (MBL), State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, Aptamer Engineering Center of Hunan Province, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, 410082, China.,The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310022, China.,Institute of Molecular Medicine (IMM), Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
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91
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Hao J, Bai B, Ci Z, Tang J, Hu G, Dai C, Yu M, Li M, Zhang W, Zhang Y, Ren W, Hua Y, Zhou G. Large-sized bone defect repair by combining a decalcified bone matrix framework and bone regeneration units based on photo-crosslinkable osteogenic microgels. Bioact Mater 2021; 14:97-109. [PMID: 35310359 PMCID: PMC8892219 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2021.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Physiological repair of large-sized bone defects is great challenging in clinic due to a lack of ideal grafts suitable for bone regeneration. Decalcified bone matrix (DBM) is considered as an ideal bone regeneration scaffold, but low cell seeding efficiency and a poor osteoinductive microenvironment greatly restrict its application in large-sized bone regeneration. To address these problems, we proposed a novel strategy of bone regeneration units (BRUs) based on microgels produced by photo-crosslinkable and microfluidic techniques, containing both the osteogenic ingredient DBM and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) for accurate biomimic of an osteoinductive microenvironment. The physicochemical properties of microgels could be precisely controlled and the microgels effectively promoted adhesion, proliferation, and osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) in vitro. BRUs were successfully constructed by seeding BMSCs onto microgels, which achieved reliable bone regeneration in vivo. Finally, by integrating the advantages of BRUs in bone regeneration and the advantages of DBM scaffolds in 3D morphology and mechanical strength, a BRU-loaded DBM framework successfully regenerated bone tissue with the desired 3D morphology and effectively repaired a large-sized bone defect of rabbit tibia. The current study developed an ideal bone biomimetic microcarrier and provided a novel strategy for bone regeneration and large-sized bone defect repair. The photo-crosslinkable microgels contained both osteogenic ingredient DBM powders and angiogenic growth factor VEGF. The photo-crosslinkable microgels effectively promote adhesion, proliferation, and osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs in vitro. Bone regeneration units (BRUs) successfully achieve reliable bone regeneration in vivo. The combination of DBM scaffold and BRUs successfully regenerate bone tissue with the desired 3D morphology and repair large-sized bone defect of rabbit tibia.
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92
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Droplet-based microfluidics platform for antifungal analysis against filamentous fungi. Sci Rep 2021; 11:22998. [PMID: 34836995 PMCID: PMC8626470 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-02350-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Fungicides are extensively used in agriculture to control fungal pathogens which are responsible for significant economic impact on plant yield and quality. The conventional antifungal screening techniques, such as water agar and 96-well plates, are based on laborious protocols and bulk analysis, restricting the analysis at the single spore level and are time consuming. In this study, we present a droplet-based microfluidic platform that enables antifungal analysis of single spores of filamentous fungus Alternaria alternata. A droplet-based viability assay was developed, allowing the germination and hyphal growth of single A. alternata spores within droplets. The viability was demonstrated over a period of 24 h and the antifungal screening was achieved using Kunshi/Tezuma as antifungal agent. The efficacy results of the droplet-based antifungal analysis were compared and validated with the results obtained from conventional protocols. The percentage inhibitions assessed by the droplet-based platform were equivalent with those obtained by the other two methods, and the Pearson correlation analysis showed high correlation between the three assays. Taken together, this droplet-based microfluidic platform provides a wide range of potential applications for the analysis of fungicide resistance development as well as combinatorial screening of other antimicrobial agents and even antagonistic fungi.
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93
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Liang W, Li Y, Cuellar-Camacho JL, Yu L, Zhou S, Li W, Haag R. Chemically defined stem cell microniche engineering by microfluidics compatible with iPSCs' growth in 3D culture. Biomaterials 2021; 280:121253. [PMID: 34801253 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2021.121253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
The development of induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSCs) has opened unprecedented opportunities for biomedical applications, but poorly defined animal-derived matrices yield cells with limited therapeutic value. Considerable challenges remain in improving cell-culturing approaches to create the conditions for iPSCs' reliable expansion. Herein we report the development of a chemically defined, artificial three-dimensional (3D) microniche for iPSCs' growth and reliable expansion, constructed with degradable polyethyleneglycol-co-polycaprolactone and RGDfk-functionalized dendritic polyglycerol precursors according to bioorthogonal strain-promoted azide-alkyne cycloaddition by droplet-based microfluidics. This compatible microniche can allow for the robust production of iPSCs that maintain high pluripotency expression and excellent viability without pathogen or immunogen transfer risks. This microniche technology shows great promise in enabling iPSCs to achieve their full therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanjun Liang
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustrasse 3, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Yan Li
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustrasse 3, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jose Luis Cuellar-Camacho
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustrasse 3, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Leixiao Yu
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustrasse 3, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Suqiong Zhou
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustrasse 3, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Wenzhong Li
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustrasse 3, 14195, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Rainer Haag
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustrasse 3, 14195, Berlin, Germany.
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94
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Zhao X, Li Q, Guo Z, Li Z. Constructing a cell microenvironment with biomaterial scaffolds for stem cell therapy. Stem Cell Res Ther 2021; 12:583. [PMID: 34809719 PMCID: PMC8607654 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-021-02650-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Stem cell therapy is widely recognized as a promising strategy for exerting therapeutic effects after injury in degenerative diseases. However, limitations such as low cell retention and survival rates after transplantation exist in clinical applications. In recent years, emerging biomaterials that provide a supportable cellular microenvironment for transplanted cells have optimized the therapeutic efficacy of stem cells in injured tissues or organs. Advances in the engineered microenvironment are revolutionizing our understanding of stem cell-based therapies by co-transplanting with synthetic and tissue-derived biomaterials, which offer a scaffold for stem cells and propose an unprecedented opportunity to further employ significant influences in tissue repair and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaotong Zhao
- Henan Key Laboratory of Medical Tissue Regeneration, Xinxiang Medical University, 601 Jinsui Road, Xinxiang, 453003, Henan, China.,Department of Cardiology, Zhengzhou Seventh People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Qiong Li
- Henan Key Laboratory of Medical Tissue Regeneration, Xinxiang Medical University, 601 Jinsui Road, Xinxiang, 453003, Henan, China
| | - Zhikun Guo
- Henan Key Laboratory of Medical Tissue Regeneration, Xinxiang Medical University, 601 Jinsui Road, Xinxiang, 453003, Henan, China. .,Department of Cardiology, Zhengzhou Seventh People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China.
| | - Zongjin Li
- Henan Key Laboratory of Medical Tissue Regeneration, Xinxiang Medical University, 601 Jinsui Road, Xinxiang, 453003, Henan, China. .,Nankai University School of Medicine, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300071, China.
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95
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Zheng Y, Wu Z, Lin L, Zheng X, Hou Y, Lin JM. Microfluidic droplet-based functional materials for cell manipulation. LAB ON A CHIP 2021; 21:4311-4329. [PMID: 34668510 DOI: 10.1039/d1lc00618e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Functional materials from the microfluidic-based droplet community are emerging as enabling tools for various applications in tissue engineering and cell biology. The innovative micro- and nano-scale materials with diverse sizes, shapes and components can be fabricated without the use of complicated devices, allowing unprecedented control over the cells that interact with them. Here, we review the current development of microfluidic-based droplet techniques for creation of functional materials (i.e., liquid droplet, microcapsule, and microparticle). We also describe their various applications for manipulating cell fate and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajing Zheng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Microanalytical Methods and Instrumentation, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
| | - Zengnan Wu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Microanalytical Methods and Instrumentation, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
| | - Ling Lin
- Department of Bioengineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, China.
| | - Xiaonan Zheng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Microanalytical Methods and Instrumentation, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
| | - Ying Hou
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Microanalytical Methods and Instrumentation, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
| | - Jin-Ming Lin
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Microanalytical Methods and Instrumentation, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
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96
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Ou Y, Cao S, Zhang J, Dong W, Yang Z, Yu Z. Droplet microfluidics on analysis of pathogenic microbes for wastewater-based epidemiology. Trends Analyt Chem 2021; 143:116333. [PMID: 34720276 PMCID: PMC8547957 DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2021.116333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Infectious diseases caused by pathogenic microbes have posed a major health issue for the public, such as the ongoing COVID-19 global pandemic. In recent years, wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) is emerging as an effective and unbiased method for monitoring public health. Despite its increasing importance, the advancement of WBE requires more competent and streamlined analytical platforms. Herein we discuss the interactions between WBE and droplet microfluidics, focusing on the analysis of pathogens in droplets, which is hard to be tackled by traditional analytical tools. We highlight research works from three aspects, namely, quantitation of pathogen biomarkers in droplets, single-cell analysis in droplets, and living cell biosensors in droplets, as well as providing future perspectives on the synergy between WBE and droplet microfluidics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangteng Ou
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 Puzhu South Road, Nanjing, 211816, PR China.,Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Shixiang Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 Puzhu South Road, Nanjing, 211816, PR China
| | - Jing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 Puzhu South Road, Nanjing, 211816, PR China
| | - Weiliang Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 Puzhu South Road, Nanjing, 211816, PR China
| | - Zhugen Yang
- School of Water, Energy and Environment, Cranfield University, Cranfield, MK43 0AL, UK
| | - Ziyi Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 Puzhu South Road, Nanjing, 211816, PR China
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97
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Wang WY, Kent RN, Huang SA, Jarman EH, Shikanov EH, Davidson CD, Hiraki HL, Lin D, Wall MA, Matera DL, Shin JW, Polacheck WJ, Shikanov A, Baker BM. Direct comparison of angiogenesis in natural and synthetic biomaterials reveals that matrix porosity regulates endothelial cell invasion speed and sprout diameter. Acta Biomater 2021; 135:260-273. [PMID: 34469789 PMCID: PMC8595798 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2021.08.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Vascularization of large, diffusion-hindered biomaterial implants requires an understanding of how extracellular matrix (ECM) properties regulate angiogenesis. Sundry biomaterials assessed across many disparate angiogenesis assays have highlighted ECM determinants that influence this complex multicellular process. However, the abundance of material platforms, each with unique parameters to model endothelial cell (EC) sprouting presents additional challenges of interpretation and comparison between studies. In this work we directly compared the angiogenic potential of commonly utilized natural (collagen and fibrin) and synthetic dextran vinyl sulfone (DexVS) hydrogels in a multiplexed angiogenesis-on-a-chip platform. Modulating matrix density of collagen and fibrin hydrogels confirmed prior findings that increases in matrix density correspond to increased EC invasion as connected, multicellular sprouts, but with decreased invasion speeds. Angiogenesis in synthetic DexVS hydrogels, however, resulted in fewer multicellular sprouts. Characterizing hydrogel Young's modulus and permeability (a measure of matrix porosity), we identified matrix permeability to significantly correlate with EC invasion depth and sprout diameter. Although microporous collagen and fibrin hydrogels produced lumenized sprouts in vitro, they rapidly resorbed post-implantation into the murine epididymal fat pad. In contrast, DexVS hydrogels proved comparatively stable. To enhance angiogenesis within DexVS hydrogels, we incorporated sacrificial microgels to generate cell-scale pores throughout the hydrogel. Microporous DexVS hydrogels resulted in lumenized sprouts in vitro and enhanced cell invasion in vivo. Towards the design of vascularized biomaterials for long-term regenerative therapies, this work suggests that synthetic biomaterials offer improved size and shape control following implantation and that tuning matrix porosity may better support host angiogenesis. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Understanding how extracellular matrix properties govern angiogenesis will inform biomaterial design for engineering vascularized implantable grafts. Here, we utilized a multiplexed angiogenesis-on-a-chip platform to compare the angiogenic potential of natural (collagen and fibrin) and synthetic dextran vinyl sulfone (DexVS) hydrogels. Characterization of matrix properties and sprout morphometrics across these materials points to matrix porosity as a critical regulator of sprout invasion speed and diameter, supported by the observation that nanoporous DexVS hydrogels yielded endothelial cell sprouts that were not perfusable. To enhance angiogenesis into synthetic hydrogels, we incorporated sacrificial microgels to generate microporosity. We find that microporosity increased sprout diameter in vitro and cell invasion in vivo. This work establishes a composite materials approach to enhance the vascularization of synthetic hydrogels.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Y Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
| | - Robert N Kent
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
| | - Stephanie A Huang
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, United States
| | - Evan H Jarman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
| | - Eve H Shikanov
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
| | - Christopher D Davidson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
| | - Harrison L Hiraki
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
| | - Daphne Lin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
| | - Monica A Wall
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
| | - Daniel L Matera
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
| | - Jae-Won Shin
- Department of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine & Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60607, United States
| | - William J Polacheck
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, United States; McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27514, United States
| | - Ariella Shikanov
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States; Department of Macromolecular Science & Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, United States; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, United States
| | - Brendon M Baker
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States; Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States.
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98
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Dubay R, Urban JN, Darling EM. Single-Cell Microgels for Diagnostics and Therapeutics. ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS 2021; 31:2009946. [PMID: 36329867 PMCID: PMC9629779 DOI: 10.1002/adfm.202009946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Cell encapsulation within hydrogel droplets is transforming what is feasible in multiple fields of biomedical science such as tissue engineering and regenerative medicine, in vitro modeling, and cell-based therapies. Recent advances have allowed researchers to miniaturize material encapsulation complexes down to single-cell scales, where each complex, termed a single-cell microgel, contains only one cell surrounded by a hydrogel matrix while remaining <100 μm in size. With this achievement, studies requiring single-cell resolution are now possible, similar to those done using liquid droplet encapsulation. Of particular note, applications involving long-term in vitro cultures, modular bioinks, high-throughput screenings, and formation of 3D cellular microenvironments can be tuned independently to suit the needs of individual cells and experimental goals. In this progress report, an overview of established materials and techniques used to fabricate single-cell microgels, as well as insight into potential alternatives is provided. This focused review is concluded by discussing applications that have already benefited from single-cell microgel technologies, as well as prospective applications on the cusp of achieving important new capabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Dubay
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, Brown University, 175 Meeting St., Providence, RI 02912, USA
- Draper, 555 Technology Sq., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Joseph N Urban
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, Brown University, 175 Meeting St., Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Eric M Darling
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Physiology, and Biotechnology, Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Department of Orthopaedics, Brown University, 175 Meeting St., Providence, RI 02912, USA
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Matrix biophysical cues direct mesenchymal stromal cell functions in immunity. Acta Biomater 2021; 133:126-138. [PMID: 34365041 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2021.07.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogels have been used to design synthetic matrices that capture salient features of matrix microenvironments to study and control cellular functions. Recent advances in understanding of both extracellular matrix biology and biomaterial design have shown that biophysical cues are powerful mediators of cell biology, especially that of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs). MSCs have been tested in many clinical trials because of their ability to modulate immune cells in different pathological conditions. While roles of biophysical cues in MSC biology have been studied in the context of multilineage differentiation, their significance in regulating immunomodulatory functions of MSCs is just beginning to be elucidated. This review first describes design principles behind how biophysical cues in native microenvironments influence the ability of MSCs to regulate immune cell production and functions. We will then discuss how biophysical cues can be leveraged to optimize cell isolation, priming, and delivery, which can help improve the success of MSC therapy for immunomodulation. Finally, a perspective is presented on how implementing biophysical cues in MSC potency assay can be important in predicting clinical outcomes. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Stromal cells of mesenchymal origin are known to direct immune cell functions in vivo by secreting paracrine mediators. This property has been leveraged in developing mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC)-based therapeutics by adoptive transfer to treat immunological rejection and tissue injuries, which have been tested in over one thousand clinical trials to date, but with mixed success. Advances in biomaterial design have enabled precise control of biophysical cues based on how stromal cells interact with the extracellular matrix in microenvironments in situ. Investigators have begun to use this approach to understand how different matrix biophysical parameters, such as fiber orientation, porosity, dimensionality, and viscoelasticity impact stromal cell-mediated immunomodulation. The insights gained from this effort can potentially be used to precisely define the microenvironmental cues for isolation, priming, and delivery of MSCs, which can be tailored based on different disease indications for optimal therapeutic outcomes.
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Grubb ML, Caliari SR. Fabrication approaches for high-throughput and biomimetic disease modeling. Acta Biomater 2021; 132:52-82. [PMID: 33716174 PMCID: PMC8433272 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2021.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
There is often a tradeoff between in vitro disease modeling platforms that capture pathophysiologic complexity and those that are amenable to high-throughput fabrication and analysis. However, this divide is closing through the application of a handful of fabrication approaches-parallel fabrication, automation, and flow-driven assembly-to design sophisticated cellular and biomaterial systems. The purpose of this review is to highlight methods for the fabrication of high-throughput biomaterial-based platforms and showcase examples that demonstrate their utility over a range of throughput and complexity. We conclude with a discussion of future considerations for the continued development of higher-throughput in vitro platforms that capture the appropriate level of biological complexity for the desired application. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: There is a pressing need for new biomedical tools to study and understand disease. These platforms should mimic the complex properties of the body while also permitting investigation of many combinations of cells, extracellular cues, and/or therapeutics in high-throughput. This review summarizes emerging strategies to fabricate biomimetic disease models that bridge the gap between complex tissue-mimicking microenvironments and high-throughput screens for personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mackenzie L Grubb
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Unites States
| | - Steven R Caliari
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Unites States; Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Virginia, Unites States.
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