51
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Cohen G, Galperin M. Green’s function methods for single molecule junctions. J Chem Phys 2020; 152:090901. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5145210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Guy Cohen
- The Raymond and Beverley Sackler Center for Computational Molecular and Materials Science, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
- School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Michael Galperin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
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52
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Zhang C, Guo Z, Cao H. Symmetry-Like Relation of Relative Entropy Measure of Quantum Coherence. ENTROPY 2020; 22:e22030297. [PMID: 33286071 PMCID: PMC7516754 DOI: 10.3390/e22030297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Quantum coherence is an important physical resource in quantum information science, and also as one of the most fundamental and striking features in quantum physics. To quantify coherence, two proper measures were introduced in the literature, the one is the relative entropy of coherence Cr(ρ)=S(ρdiag)−S(ρ) and the other is the ℓ1-norm of coherence Cℓ1(ρ)=∑i≠j|ρij|. In this paper, we obtain a symmetry-like relation of relative entropy measure Cr(ρA1A2⋯An) of coherence for an n-partite quantum states ρA1A2⋯An, which gives lower and upper bounds for Cr(ρ). As application of our inequalities, we conclude that when each reduced states ρAi is pure, ρA1⋯An is incoherent if and only if the reduced states ρAi and trAiρA1⋯An(i=1,2,…,n) are all incoherent. Meanwhile, we discuss the conjecture that Cr(ρ)≤Cℓ1(ρ) for any state ρ, which was proved to be valid for any mixed qubit state and any pure state, and open for a general state. We observe that every mixture η of a state ρ satisfying the conjecture with any incoherent state σ also satisfies the conjecture. We also observe that when the von Neumann entropy is defined by the natural logarithm ln instead of log2, the reduced relative entropy measure of coherence C¯r(ρ)=−ρdiaglnρdiag+ρlnρ satisfies the inequality C¯r(ρ)≤Cℓ1(ρ) for any state ρ.
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53
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Shen P, Huang M, Qian J, Li J, Ding S, Zhou X, Xu B, Zhao Z, Tang BZ. Achieving Efficient Multichannel Conductance in Through‐Space Conjugated Single‐Molecule Parallel Circuits. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:4581-4588. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202000061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Pingchuan Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and DevicesGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Luminescence from Molecular AggregatesSouth China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 China
| | - Miaoling Huang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis MaterialsInstitute of Physical ChemistryZhejiang Normal University Jinhua Zhejiang 321004 China
| | - Jingyu Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and MaterialsJilin University 2699 Qianjin Street Changchun 130012 China
| | - Jinshi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and DevicesGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Luminescence from Molecular AggregatesSouth China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 China
| | - Siyang Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and DevicesGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Luminescence from Molecular AggregatesSouth China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 China
| | - Xiao‐Shun Zhou
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis MaterialsInstitute of Physical ChemistryZhejiang Normal University Jinhua Zhejiang 321004 China
| | - Bin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and MaterialsJilin University 2699 Qianjin Street Changchun 130012 China
| | - Zujin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and DevicesGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Luminescence from Molecular AggregatesSouth China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 China
| | - Ben Zhong Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and DevicesGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Luminescence from Molecular AggregatesSouth China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 China
- Department of ChemistryThe Hong Kong University of Science & Technology Clear Water Bay Kowloon, Hong Kong China
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54
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Nonmagnetic single-molecule spin-filter based on quantum interference. Nat Commun 2019; 10:5565. [PMID: 31804498 PMCID: PMC6895237 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-13537-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Key spin transport phenomena, including magnetoresistance and spin transfer torque, cannot be activated without spin-polarized currents, in which one electron spin is dominant. At the nanoscale, the relevant length-scale for modern spintronics, spin current generation is rather limited due to unwanted contributions from poorly spin-polarized frontier states in ferromagnetic electrodes, or too short length-scales for efficient spin splitting by spin-orbit interaction and magnetic fields. Here, we show that spin-polarized currents can be generated in silver-vanadocene-silver single molecule junctions without magnetic components or magnetic fields. In some cases, the measured spin currents approach the limit of ideal ballistic spin transport. Comparison between conductance and shot-noise measurements to detailed calculations reveals a mechanism based on spin-dependent quantum interference that yields very efficient spin filtering. Our findings pave the way for nanoscale spintronics based on quantum interference, with the advantages of low sensitivity to decoherence effects and the freedom to use non-magnetic materials.
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55
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Herrmann C. Electronic Communication as a Transferable Property of Molecular Bridges? J Phys Chem A 2019; 123:10205-10223. [PMID: 31380640 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.9b05618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Electronic communication through molecular bridges is important for different types of experiments, such as single-molecule conductance, electron transfer, superexchange spin coupling, and intramolecular singlet fission. In many instances, the chemical structure of the bridge determines how the two parts it is connecting communicate, and does so in ways that are transferable between these different manifestations (for example, high conductance often correlates with strong antiferromagnetic spin coupling, and low conductance due to destructive quantum interference correlates with ferromagnetic coupling). Defining electronic communication as a transferable property of the bridge can help transfer knowledge between these different areas of research. Examples and limits of such transferability are discussed here, along with some possible directions for future research, such as employing spin-coupled and mixed-valence systems as structurally well-controlled proxies for understanding molecular conductance and for validating first-principles theoretical methodologies, building conceptual understanding for the growing experimental work on intramolecular singlet fission, and developing measures for the transferability of electronic communication as a bridge property.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Herrmann
- Department of Chemistry , University of Hamburg , Martin-Luther-King-Platz 6 , Hamburg 20146 , Germany
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56
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Cao XH, Wu D, Feng YX, Zhou WX, Tang LM, Chen KQ. Effect of electrophilic substitution and destructive quantum interference on the thermoelectric performance in molecular devices. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2019; 31:345303. [PMID: 31100744 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ab2299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Using density function theory combined with the non-equilibrium Green's function method, the thermoelectric properties of para-Xylene-based molecular devices are investigated. It is found that destructive quantum interference can be triggered in n-type of para-connected para-Xylene-based molecular device and can obviously enhance the thermoelectric performance of the devices. Moreover, bridge atom electrophilic substitution can significantly improve the thermoelectric properties of p-type monolayer molecular device. The ZT value of p-type monolayer molecular device with doped electrodes can be optimized to 2.2 at 300 K and 2.8 at 500 K, and n-type bilayer molecular device can achieve the value of 1.2 at 300 K and 2.0 at 500 K. These results offer the information to design the complete molecular thermoelectric device with p-type and n-type of components and to promote the thermoelectric properties of bilayer molecular junctions by employing destructive quantum interference effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan-Hao Cao
- Department of Applied Physics, School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, People's Republic of China
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57
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Fu B, Hsu LY. Photoinduced anomalous Coulomb blockade and the role of triplet states in electron transport through an irradiated molecular transistor. II. Effects of electron-phonon coupling and vibrational relaxation. J Chem Phys 2019. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5112095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Fu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60201, USA
| | - Liang-Yan Hsu
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
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58
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Šebera J, Lindner M, Gasior J, Mészáros G, Fuhr O, Mayor M, Valášek M, Kolivoška V, Hromadová M. Tuning the contact conductance of anchoring groups in single molecule junctions by molecular design. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:12959-12964. [PMID: 31259338 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr04071d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A tetraphenylmethane tripod functionalized with three thiol moieties in the para position can serve as a supporting platform for functional molecular electronic elements. A combined experimental scanning tunneling microscopy break junction technique with theoretical approaches based on density functional theory and non-equilibrium Green's function formalism was used for detailed charge transport analysis to find configurations, geometries and charge transport pathways in the molecular junctions of single molecule oligo-1,4-phenylene conductors containing this tripodal anchoring group. The effect of molecular length (n = 1 to 4 repeating phenylene units) on the charge transport properties and junction configurations is addressed. The number of covalent attachments between the electrode and the tripodal platform changes with n affecting the contact conductance of the junction. The longest homologue n = 4 adopts an upright configuration with all three para thiolate moieties of the tripod attached to the gold electrode. The contact conductance of the tetraphenylmethane tripod substituted by thiols in the para position is higher than that substituted in the meta position. Such molecular arrangement is highly conducting and allows well-defined directional positioning of a variety of functional groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Šebera
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Dolejškova 3, 18223 Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Marcin Lindner
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Nanotechnology, P. O. Box 3640, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany.
| | - Jindřich Gasior
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Dolejškova 3, 18223 Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Gábor Mészáros
- Research Centre for Natural Sciences, HAS, Magyar tudósok krt. 2, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Olaf Fuhr
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Nanotechnology, P. O. Box 3640, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany.
| | - Marcel Mayor
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Nanotechnology, P. O. Box 3640, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany. and Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, St. Johanns-Ring 19, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Michal Valášek
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Nanotechnology, P. O. Box 3640, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany.
| | - Viliam Kolivoška
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Dolejškova 3, 18223 Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Magdaléna Hromadová
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Dolejškova 3, 18223 Prague, Czech Republic.
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59
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Phelan BT, Schultz JD, Zhang J, Huang GJ, Young RM, Wasielewski MR. Quantum coherence in ultrafast photo-driven charge separation. Faraday Discuss 2019; 216:319-338. [PMID: 31066389 DOI: 10.1039/c8fd00218e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Coherent interactions are prevalent in photodriven processes, ranging from photosynthetic energy transfer to superexchange-mediated electron transfer, resulting in numerous studies aimed towards identifying and understanding these interactions. A key motivator of this interest is the non-statistical scaling laws that result from coherently traversing multiple pathways due to quantum interference. To that end, we employed ultrafast transient absorption spectroscopy to measure electron transfer in two donor-acceptor molecular systems comprising a p-(9-anthryl)-N,N-dimethylaniline chromophore/electron donor and either one or two equivalent naphthalene-1,8:4,5-bis(dicarboximide) electron acceptors at both ambient and cryogenic temperatures. The two-acceptor compound shows a statistical factor of 2.1 ± 0.2 rate enhancement at room temperature and a non-statistical factor of 2.6 ± 0.2 rate enhancement at cryogenic temperatures, suggesting correlated interactions between the two acceptors with the donor and with the bath modes. Comparing the charge recombination rates indicates that the electron is delocalized over both acceptors at low temperature but localized on a single acceptor at room temperature. These results highlight the importance of shielding the system from bath fluctuations to preserve and ultimately exploit the coherent interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian T Phelan
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Sustainability and Energy at Northwestern, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208-3113, USA.
| | - Jonathan D Schultz
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Sustainability and Energy at Northwestern, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208-3113, USA.
| | - Jinyuan Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Sustainability and Energy at Northwestern, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208-3113, USA.
| | - Guan-Jhih Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Sustainability and Energy at Northwestern, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208-3113, USA.
| | - Ryan M Young
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Sustainability and Energy at Northwestern, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208-3113, USA.
| | - Michael R Wasielewski
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Sustainability and Energy at Northwestern, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208-3113, USA.
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60
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Taninaka A, Yoshida S, Sugita Y, Takeuchi O, Shigekawa H. Evolution of local conductance pathways in a single-molecule junction studied using the three-dimensional dynamic probe method. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:5951-5959. [PMID: 30869706 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr00717b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Understanding of the dynamics of the bonding states of molecules with electrodes while the molecular conformation is changed is particularly important for elucidating the details of electrochemical devices as well as molecular devices in which the reaction dynamics of the electrodes and molecules plays an important role, such as in fuel cells, catalysis and bioelectrochemical devices. However, it has been difficult to make measurements when the distance between counter electrodes is short, namely, the molecule is raised from a lying form, almost parallel and close to the electrodes, toward a standing form and vice versa. We previously have developed a method called the three-dimensional (3D) dynamic probe method, which enables conductance measurement while the conformation of a single-molecule junction is precisely controlled by scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) techniques. Here, by combining this method with density functional theory (DFT) calculations, it has become possible to simultaneously consider the effects of the dynamics of molecular structures and the bonding states at the electrodes on the local transmission pathways, local-bond contributions to conductance. Here, by performing an analysis on 1,4-benzenediamine (BDA) and 1,4-benzenedithiol (BDT) single molecule junctions, we have observed, for the first time, the effect of a change in the molecular conformations and bonding states on the local transmission pathways for a short Au electrode distance condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Taninaka
- Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8571, Japan.
| | - Shoji Yoshida
- Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8571, Japan.
| | - Yoshihiro Sugita
- Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8571, Japan.
| | - Osamu Takeuchi
- Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8571, Japan.
| | - Hidemi Shigekawa
- Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8571, Japan.
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61
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Czap G, Han Z, Wagner PJ, Ho W. Detection and Characterization of Anharmonic Overtone Vibrations of Single Molecules on a Metal Surface. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 122:106801. [PMID: 30932655 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.122.106801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Inelastic electron tunneling spectroscopy (IETS) with the scanning tunneling microscope (STM) is a powerful technique used to characterize the vibration and spin states at the single-molecule level. While IETS lacks hard selection rules, historically it has been assumed that vibrational overtones are rarely seen or even absent. Here we provide definitive experimental evidence that the hindered rotation overtone excitation of carbon monoxide molecules adsorbed on Ag(110) can be detected with STM-IETS via isotope substitution. We also demonstrate that the anharmonicity of the overtone excitation can be characterized and compared between adsorption sites and find evidence of anisotropy in the vibrational anharmonicity for CO adsorbed on the [11[over ¯]0] step edge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory Czap
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-4575, USA
| | - Zhumin Han
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-4575, USA
| | - Peter J Wagner
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-4575, USA
| | - W Ho
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-4575, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2025, USA
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62
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On the resilience of magic number theory for conductance ratios of aromatic molecules. Sci Rep 2019; 9:3478. [PMID: 30837553 PMCID: PMC6401003 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-39937-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
If simple guidelines could be established for understanding how quantum interference (QI) can be exploited to control the flow of electricity through single molecules, then new functional molecules, which exploit room-temperature QI could be rapidly identified and subsequently screened. Recently it was demonstrated that conductance ratios of molecules with aromatic cores, with different connectivities to electrodes, can be predicted using a simple and easy-to-use "magic number theory." In contrast with counting rules and "curly-arrow" descriptions of destructive QI, magic number theory captures the many forms of constructive QI, which can occur in molecular cores. Here we address the question of how conductance ratios are affected by electron-electron interactions. We find that due to cancellations of opposing trends, when Coulomb interactions and screening due to electrodes are switched on, conductance ratios are rather resilient. Consequently, qualitative trends in conductance ratios of molecules with extended pi systems can be predicted using simple 'non-interacting' magic number tables, without the need for large-scale computations. On the other hand, for certain connectivities, deviations from non-interacting conductance ratios can be significant and therefore such connectivities are of interest for probing the interplay between Coulomb interactions, connectivity and QI in single-molecule electron transport.
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63
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Wang K, Vezzoli A, Grace IM, McLaughlin M, Nichols RJ, Xu B, Lambert CJ, Higgins SJ. Charge transfer complexation boosts molecular conductance through Fermi level pinning. Chem Sci 2019; 10:2396-2403. [PMID: 30881668 PMCID: PMC6385675 DOI: 10.1039/c8sc04199g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Interference features in the transmission spectra can dominate charge transport in metal-molecule-metal junctions when they occur close to the contact Fermi energy (E F). Here, we show that by forming a charge-transfer complex with tetracyanoethylene (TCNE) we can introduce new constructive interference features in the transmission profile of electron-rich, thiophene-based molecular wires that almost coincide with E F. Complexation can result in a large enhancement of junction conductance, with very efficient charge transport even at relatively large molecular lengths. For instance, we report a conductance of 10-3 G 0 (∼78 nS) for the ∼2 nm long α-quaterthiophene:TCNE complex, almost two orders of magnitude higher than the conductance of the bare molecular wire. As the conductance of the complexes is remarkably independent of features such as the molecular backbone and the nature of the contacts to the electrodes, our results strongly suggest that the interference features are consistently pinned near to the Fermi energy of the metallic leads. Theoretical studies indicate that the semi-occupied nature of the charge-transfer orbital is not only important in giving rise to the latter effect, but also could result in spin-dependent transport for the charge-transfer complexes. These results therefore present a simple yet effective way to increase charge transport efficiency in long and poorly conductive molecular wires, with important repercussions in single-entity thermoelectronics and spintronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Wang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy & NanoSEC , University of Georgia , 220 Riverbend Road , Athens , GA 30602 , USA .
| | - Andrea Vezzoli
- Department of Chemistry , University of Liverpool , Crown Street , Liverpool L69 7ZD , UK .
| | - Iain M Grace
- Department of Physics , Lancaster University , Lancaster LA1 4YB , UK .
| | - Maeve McLaughlin
- Department of Chemistry , University of Liverpool , Crown Street , Liverpool L69 7ZD , UK .
| | - Richard J Nichols
- Department of Chemistry , University of Liverpool , Crown Street , Liverpool L69 7ZD , UK .
| | - Bingqian Xu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy & NanoSEC , University of Georgia , 220 Riverbend Road , Athens , GA 30602 , USA .
- College of Engineering & NanoSEC , University of Georgia , 220 Riverbend Road , Athens , GA 30602 , USA
| | - Colin J Lambert
- Department of Physics , Lancaster University , Lancaster LA1 4YB , UK .
| | - Simon J Higgins
- Department of Chemistry , University of Liverpool , Crown Street , Liverpool L69 7ZD , UK .
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64
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Gryn'ova G, Corminboeuf C. Topology-Driven Single-Molecule Conductance of Carbon Nanothreads. J Phys Chem Lett 2019; 10:825-830. [PMID: 30668127 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.8b03556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Highly conductive single-molecule junctions typically involve π-conjugated molecular bridges, whose frontier molecular orbital energy levels can be fine-tuned to best match the Fermi level of the leads. Fully saturated wires, e.g., alkanes, are typically thought of as insulating rather than highly conductive. However, in this work, we demonstrate in silico that significant zero-bias conductance can be achieved in such systems by means of topology. Specifically, caged saturated hydrocarbons offering multiple σ-conductance channels afford transmission far beyond what could be expected based upon conventional superposition laws, particularly if these pathways are composed entirely from quaternary carbon atoms. Computed conductance of molecular bridges based on carbon nanothreads, e.g., polytwistane, is not only of appreciable magnitude; it also shows a very slow decay with increasing nanogap, similarly to the case of π-conjugated wires. These findings offer a way to manipulate the transport properties of molecular systems by means of their topology, alternatively to the traditionally invoked electronic structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganna Gryn'ova
- Laboratory for Computational Molecular Design, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering , École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne , CH-1015 Lausanne , Switzerland
| | - Clémence Corminboeuf
- Laboratory for Computational Molecular Design, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering , École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne , CH-1015 Lausanne , Switzerland
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65
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Liu J, Zhao X, Zheng J, Huang X, Tang Y, Wang F, Li R, Pi J, Huang C, Wang L, Yang Y, Shi J, Mao BW, Tian ZQ, Bryce MR, Hong W. Transition from Tunneling Leakage Current to Molecular Tunneling in Single-Molecule Junctions. Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chempr.2018.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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66
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67
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Donarini A, Niklas M, Schafberger M, Paradiso N, Strunk C, Grifoni M. Coherent population trapping by dark state formation in a carbon nanotube quantum dot. Nat Commun 2019; 10:381. [PMID: 30670686 PMCID: PMC6343009 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-08112-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Illumination of atoms by resonant lasers can pump electrons into a coherent superposition of hyperfine levels which can no longer absorb the light. Such superposition is known as a dark state, because fluorescent light emission is then suppressed. Here we report an all-electric analogue of this destructive interference effect in a carbon nanotube quantum dot. The dark states are a coherent superposition of valley (angular momentum) states which are decoupled from either the drain or the source leads. Their emergence is visible in asymmetric current−voltage characteristics, with missing current steps and current suppression which depend on the polarity of the applied source-drain bias. Our results demonstrate coherent-population trapping by all-electric means in an artificial atom. Transport in quantum systems is complex and can be suppressed by coherent superposition of the involved states. Here, the authors find all-electronic suppression of transport in a carbon nanotube originating from coherent population trapping and give criteria for the presence of such a dark state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Donarini
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of Regensburg, 93040, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Michael Niklas
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of Regensburg, 93040, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Michael Schafberger
- Institute for Experimental and Applied Physics, University of Regensburg, 93040, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Nicola Paradiso
- Institute for Experimental and Applied Physics, University of Regensburg, 93040, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Strunk
- Institute for Experimental and Applied Physics, University of Regensburg, 93040, Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Milena Grifoni
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of Regensburg, 93040, Regensburg, Germany.
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68
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Liu J, Huang X, Wang F, Hong W. Quantum Interference Effects in Charge Transport through Single-Molecule Junctions: Detection, Manipulation, and Application. Acc Chem Res 2019; 52:151-160. [PMID: 30500161 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.8b00429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Quantum interference effects (QIEs), which offer unique opportunities for the fine-tuning of charge transport through molecular building blocks by constructive or destructive quantum interference, have become an emerging area in single-molecule electronics. Benefiting from the QIEs, charge transport through molecular systems can be controlled through minor structural and environmental variations, which cause various charge transport states to be significantly changed from conductive to insulative states and offer promising applications in future functional single-molecule devices. Although QIEs were predicted by theoreticians more than two decades ago, only since 2011 have the challenges in ultralow conductance detection originating from destructive quantum interference been overcome experimentally. Currently, a series of single-molecule conductance investigations have been carried out experimentally to detect constructive and destructive QIEs in charge transport through various types of molecular junctions by altering molecular patterns and connectivities. Furthermore, the use of QIEs to tune the properties of charge transport through single-molecule junctions using external gating shows vital potential in future molecular electronic devices. The experimental and theoretical investigations of QIEs offer new fundamental understanding of the structural-electronic relationships in molecular devices and materials at the nanoscale. In this Account, we discuss our progress toward the experimental detection, manipulation, and further application of QIEs in charge transport through single-molecule junctions. These experiments were carried out continuously in our previous group at the University of Bern and in our lab at Xiamen University. As a result of the development of mechanically controllable break junction (MCBJ) and scanning tunneling microscope break junction (STM-BJ) techniques, we could detect ultralow charge transport through the cross-conjugated anthraquinone center, which was one of the earliest experimental studies of QIEs. In close cooperation with organic chemists and theoretical physicists, we systematically investigated charge transport through single-molecule junctions originating from QIEs in conjugated centers ranging from simple single benzene to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), heteroaromatics, and even complicated metalla-aromatics at room temperature. Then we further investigated the quantitative correlation between molecular structure and quantum interference by altering different molecular patterns and connectivities in homologous series of PAHs and heteroatom systems. Additionally, external chemical and electrochemical gating of single-molecule devices can be used for direct QIE manipulation via not only tuning molecular conjugation but also shifting the electrode Fermi level. Our study further suggested that distinguishable differences in conductance resulting from QIEs offer opportunities to detect photothermal reaction kinetics and to recognize isomers at the single-molecule scale. These investigations demonstrate the universality of QIEs in charge transport through various molecular building blocks. Moreover, effective manipulation of QIEs leads to various novel phenomena and promising applications in molecular electronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, iChEM, NEL, Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Xiaoyan Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, iChEM, NEL, Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Fei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, iChEM, NEL, Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Wenjing Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, iChEM, NEL, Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
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69
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Xie Z, Bâldea I, Haugstad G, Daniel Frisbie C. Mechanical Deformation Distinguishes Tunneling Pathways in Molecular Junctions. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 141:497-504. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b11248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ioan Bâldea
- Theoretische Chemie, Universität Heidelberg, INF 229, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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70
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Aragonès AC, Darwish N, Ciampi S, Jiang L, Roesch R, Ruiz E, Nijhuis CA, Díez-Pérez I. Control over Near-Ballistic Electron Transport through Formation of Parallel Pathways in a Single-Molecule Wire. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 141:240-250. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b09086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Albert C. Aragonès
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural & Mathematical Sciences, King’s College London, Britannia House, 7 Trinity Street, London SE1 1DB, United Kingdom
- Institut de Química Teòrica i Computacional (IQTC), Universitat de Barcelona, Diagonal 645, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nadim Darwish
- School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley WA 6102, Australia
| | - Simone Ciampi
- School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley WA 6102, Australia
| | - Li Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543
| | - Raphael Roesch
- Center for Biosensors and Bioelectronics, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
| | - Eliseo Ruiz
- Institut de Química Teòrica i Computacional (IQTC), Universitat de Barcelona, Diagonal 645, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica, Universitat de Barcelona, Diagonal 645, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Christian A. Nijhuis
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543
- Centre for Advanced 2D Materials, National University of Singapore, 6 Science Drive 2, Singapore 117546
| | - Ismael Díez-Pérez
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural & Mathematical Sciences, King’s College London, Britannia House, 7 Trinity Street, London SE1 1DB, United Kingdom
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71
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Huang B, Liu X, Yuan Y, Hong ZW, Zheng JF, Pei LQ, Shao Y, Li JF, Zhou XS, Chen JZ, Jin S, Mao BW. Controlling and Observing Sharp-Valleyed Quantum Interference Effect in Single Molecular Junctions. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:17685-17690. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b10450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bing Huang
- Key Laboratory
of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, Institute
of Physical Chemistry, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Xu Liu
- Key Laboratory
of Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Ying Yuan
- Department of Physics, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Ze-Wen Hong
- Key Laboratory
of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, Institute
of Physical Chemistry, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Ju-Fang Zheng
- Key Laboratory
of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, Institute
of Physical Chemistry, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Lin-Qi Pei
- Key Laboratory
of Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Yong Shao
- Key Laboratory
of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, Institute
of Physical Chemistry, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Jian-Feng Li
- State Key Laboratory
of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Department of Chemistry,
iChEM, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Xiao-Shun Zhou
- Key Laboratory
of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, Institute
of Physical Chemistry, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Jing-Zhe Chen
- Department of Physics, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
- Zhejiang Tianyan Technology Co., Ltd, Hangzhou 311215, China
| | - Shan Jin
- Key Laboratory
of Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Bing-Wei Mao
- State Key Laboratory
of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Department of Chemistry,
iChEM, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
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72
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Gorbatsevich AA, Krasnikov GY, Shubin NM. [Formula: see text]-symmetric interference transistor. Sci Rep 2018; 8:15780. [PMID: 30361561 PMCID: PMC6202334 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-34132-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
We present a model of the molecular transistor, operation of which is based on the interplay between two physical mechanisms, peculiar to open quantum systems that act in concert: [Formula: see text] -symmetry breaking corresponding to coalescence of resonances at the exceptional point of the molecule, connected to the leads, and Fano-Feshbach antiresonance. This switching mechanism can be realised in particular in a special class of molecules with degenerate energy levels, e.g. diradicals, which possess mirror symmetry. At zero gate voltage infinitesimally small interaction of the molecule with the leads breaks the [Formula: see text] -symmetry of the system that, however, can be restored by application of the gate voltage preserving the mirror symmetry. [Formula: see text] -symmetry broken state at zero gate voltage with minimal transmission corresponds to the "off" state while the [Formula: see text] -symmetric state at non-zero gate voltage with maximum transmission - to the "on" state. At zero gate voltage energy of the antiresonance coincides with exceptional point. We construct a model of an all-electrical molecular switch based on such transistors acting as a conventional CMOS inverter and show that essentially lower power consumption and switching energy can be achieved, compared to the CMOS analogues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander A. Gorbatsevich
- P.N. Lebedev Physical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Division of solid state physics, Moscow, 119991 Russia
- JSC Molecular Electronics Research Institute, Zelenograd, Moscow 124460 Russia
| | | | - Nikolay M. Shubin
- P.N. Lebedev Physical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Division of solid state physics, Moscow, 119991 Russia
- JSC Molecular Electronics Research Institute, Zelenograd, Moscow 124460 Russia
- Department of quantum physics and nanoelectronics, National Research University of Electronic Technology, Zelenograd, Moscow 124498 Russia
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73
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Zhang Y, Soni S, Krijger TL, Gordiichuk P, Qiu X, Ye G, Jonkman HT, Herrmann A, Zojer K, Zojer E, Chiechi RC. Tunneling Probability Increases with Distance in Junctions Comprising Self-Assembled Monolayers of Oligothiophenes. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:15048-15055. [PMID: 30359013 PMCID: PMC6225337 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b09793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Molecular tunneling junctions should enable the tailoring of charge-transport at the quantum level through synthetic chemistry but are hindered by the dominance of the electrodes. We show that the frontier orbitals of molecules can be decoupled from the electrodes, preserving their relative energies in self-assembled monolayers even when a top-contact is applied. This decoupling leads to the remarkable observation of tunneling probabilities that increase with distance in a series of oligothiophenes, which we explain using a two-barrier tunneling model. This model is generalizable to any conjugated oligomers for which the frontier orbital gap can be determined and predicts that the molecular orbitals that dominate tunneling charge-transport can be positioned via molecular design rather than by domination of Fermi-level pinning arising from strong hybridization. The ability to preserve the electronic structure of molecules in tunneling junctions facilitates the application of well-established synthetic design rules to tailor the properties of molecular-electronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanxi Zhang
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry , University of Groningen , Nijenborgh 4 , 9747 AG Groningen , The Netherlands.,Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials , Nijenborgh 4 , 9747 AG Groningen , The Netherlands
| | - Saurabh Soni
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry , University of Groningen , Nijenborgh 4 , 9747 AG Groningen , The Netherlands.,Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials , Nijenborgh 4 , 9747 AG Groningen , The Netherlands
| | - Theodorus L Krijger
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry , University of Groningen , Nijenborgh 4 , 9747 AG Groningen , The Netherlands
| | - Pavlo Gordiichuk
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials , Nijenborgh 4 , 9747 AG Groningen , The Netherlands
| | - Xinkai Qiu
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry , University of Groningen , Nijenborgh 4 , 9747 AG Groningen , The Netherlands.,Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials , Nijenborgh 4 , 9747 AG Groningen , The Netherlands
| | - Gang Ye
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry , University of Groningen , Nijenborgh 4 , 9747 AG Groningen , The Netherlands.,Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials , Nijenborgh 4 , 9747 AG Groningen , The Netherlands
| | - Harry T Jonkman
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials , Nijenborgh 4 , 9747 AG Groningen , The Netherlands
| | - Andreas Herrmann
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials , Nijenborgh 4 , 9747 AG Groningen , The Netherlands
| | - Karin Zojer
- Institute of Solid State Physics , NAWI Graz, Graz University of Technology , Graz , Austria
| | - Egbert Zojer
- Institute of Solid State Physics , NAWI Graz, Graz University of Technology , Graz , Austria
| | - Ryan C Chiechi
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry , University of Groningen , Nijenborgh 4 , 9747 AG Groningen , The Netherlands.,Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials , Nijenborgh 4 , 9747 AG Groningen , The Netherlands
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74
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Li H, Garner MH, Shangguan Z, Chen Y, Zheng Q, Su TA, Neupane M, Liu T, Steigerwald ML, Ng F, Nuckolls C, Xiao S, Solomon GC, Venkataraman L. Large Variations in the Single-Molecule Conductance of Cyclic and Bicyclic Silanes. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:15080-15088. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b10296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Marc H. Garner
- Nano-Science Center and Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Zhichun Shangguan
- The Education Ministry Key Lab of Resource Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Functional Materials, Optoelectronic Nano Materials and Devices Institute, Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
| | - Yan Chen
- The Education Ministry Key Lab of Resource Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Functional Materials, Optoelectronic Nano Materials and Devices Institute, Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
| | - Qianwen Zheng
- The Education Ministry Key Lab of Resource Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Functional Materials, Optoelectronic Nano Materials and Devices Institute, Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
| | | | | | - Taifeng Liu
- The Education Ministry Key Lab of Resource Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Functional Materials, Optoelectronic Nano Materials and Devices Institute, Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
| | | | | | | | - Shengxiong Xiao
- The Education Ministry Key Lab of Resource Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Functional Materials, Optoelectronic Nano Materials and Devices Institute, Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
| | - Gemma C. Solomon
- Nano-Science Center and Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
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75
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Olavarría-Contreras IJ, Etcheverry-Berríos A, Qian W, Gutiérrez-Cerón C, Campos-Olguín A, Sañudo EC, Dulić D, Ruiz E, Aliaga-Alcalde N, Soler M, van der Zant HSJ. Electric-field induced bistability in single-molecule conductance measurements for boron coordinated curcuminoid compounds. Chem Sci 2018; 9:6988-6996. [PMID: 30210774 PMCID: PMC6124902 DOI: 10.1039/c8sc02337a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We have studied the single-molecule conductance of a family of curcuminoid molecules (CCMs) using the mechanically controlled break junction (MCBJ) technique. The CCMs under study contain methylthio (MeS-) as anchoring groups: MeS-CCM (1), the free-ligand organic molecule, and two coordination compounds, MeS-CCM-BF2 (2) and MeS-CCM-Cu (3), where ligand 1 coordinates to a boron center (BF2 group) and to a CuII moiety, respectively. We found that the three molecules present stable molecular junctions allowing detailed statistical analysis of their electronic properties. Compound 3 shows a slight increase in the conductance with respect to free ligand 1, whereas incorporation of BF2 (compound 2) promotes the presence of two conductance states in the measurements. Additional experiments with control molecules point out that this bistability is related to the combination of MeS- anchoring groups and the BF2 moiety within the structure of the molecules. Theoretical calculations show that this can be explained by the presence of two conformers once compound 2 is anchored between the gold electrodes. An energy minimum is found for a flat structure but there is a dramatic change in the magnitude and orientation of dipole moment (favouring a non-flat conformer in the presence of an external electric field) due to a conformational change of one of the terminal MeS- groups. The results thus point to an intricate interplay between the applied bias voltage and the molecule dipole moment which could be the basis for designing new molecules aiming at controlling their conformation in devices.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alvaro Etcheverry-Berríos
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química , Biotecnología y Materiales , Facultad de Ciencias Físicas y Matemáticas , Universidad de Chile , Beauchef 851 , Santiago , Chile .
| | - Wenjie Qian
- ICMAB-CSIC (Institut de Ciència dels Materials de Barcelona) , Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona , 08193 Bellaterra , Spain .
| | - Cristian Gutiérrez-Cerón
- Departamento de Física , Facultad de Ciencias Físicas y Matemáticas , Universidad de Chile , Av. Blanco Encalada 2008 , Santiago , Chile
| | - Aldo Campos-Olguín
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química , Biotecnología y Materiales , Facultad de Ciencias Físicas y Matemáticas , Universidad de Chile , Beauchef 851 , Santiago , Chile .
| | - E Carolina Sañudo
- Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica , Universitat de Barcelona , Diagonal 645 , 08028 , Barcelona , Spain
- Institut de Nanociència i Nanotecnologia , Universitat de Barcelona , Diagonal 645 , 08028 , Barcelona , Spain
| | - Diana Dulić
- Departamento de Física , Facultad de Ciencias Físicas y Matemáticas , Universidad de Chile , Av. Blanco Encalada 2008 , Santiago , Chile
| | - Eliseo Ruiz
- Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica , Universitat de Barcelona , Diagonal 645 , 08028 , Barcelona , Spain
- Institut de Química Teòrica i Computacional , Universitat de Barcelona , Diagonal 645 , E-08028 Barcelona , Spain
| | - Núria Aliaga-Alcalde
- ICMAB-CSIC (Institut de Ciència dels Materials de Barcelona) , Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona , 08193 Bellaterra , Spain .
- ICREA (Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats) , Passeig Lluís Companys, 23 , 08018 Barcelona , Spain
| | - Monica Soler
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química , Biotecnología y Materiales , Facultad de Ciencias Físicas y Matemáticas , Universidad de Chile , Beauchef 851 , Santiago , Chile .
| | - Herre S J van der Zant
- Kavli Institute of Nanoscience , Delft University of Technology , Lorentzweg 1 , Delft 2628 CJ , The Netherlands .
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76
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Zhen S, Mao JC, Chen L, Ding S, Luo W, Zhou XS, Qin A, Zhao Z, Tang BZ. Remarkable Multichannel Conductance of Novel Single-Molecule Wires Built on Through-Space Conjugated Hexaphenylbenzene. NANO LETTERS 2018; 18:4200-4205. [PMID: 29911870 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.8b01082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Through-bond conjugated molecules are the major frameworks for traditional molecular wires, while through-space conjugated units are rarely utilized and studied although they have shown unique conducting potential. Herein, we present novel single-molecule wires built on through-space conjugated hexaphenylbenzene. Their conductance, measured by the scanning tunneling microscopy based break-junction technique, increases with the improvement of through-space conjugation and finally reaches a remarkable value (12.28 nS) which greatly exceeds that of conventional through-bond conjugated counterpart (2.45 nS). The multichannel conducting model by integrating through-space and through-bond conjugations could be a promising strategy for the further design of robust single-molecule wires with advanced conductance and stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shijie Zhen
- Center for Aggregation-Induced Emission, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices , South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510640 , China
| | - Jin-Chuan Mao
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, Institute of Physical Chemistry , Zhejiang Normal University , Jinhua , Zhejiang 321004 , China
| | - Long Chen
- Center for Aggregation-Induced Emission, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices , South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510640 , China
| | - Siyang Ding
- Center for Aggregation-Induced Emission, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices , South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510640 , China
| | - Wenwen Luo
- Center for Aggregation-Induced Emission, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices , South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510640 , China
| | - Xiao-Shun Zhou
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, Institute of Physical Chemistry , Zhejiang Normal University , Jinhua , Zhejiang 321004 , China
| | - Anjun Qin
- Center for Aggregation-Induced Emission, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices , South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510640 , China
| | - Zujin Zhao
- Center for Aggregation-Induced Emission, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices , South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510640 , China
| | - Ben Zhong Tang
- Center for Aggregation-Induced Emission, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices , South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510640 , China
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction , The Hong Kong University of Science & Technology , Clear Water Bay , Kowloon, Hong Kong , China
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77
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Doud EA, Inkpen MS, Lovat G, Montes E, Paley DW, Steigerwald ML, Vázquez H, Venkataraman L, Roy X. In Situ Formation of N-Heterocyclic Carbene-Bound Single-Molecule Junctions. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:8944-8949. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b05184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Enrique Montes
- Institute of Physics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Cukrovarnická 10, Prague 16200, Czech Republic
| | | | | | - Héctor Vázquez
- Institute of Physics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Cukrovarnická 10, Prague 16200, Czech Republic
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78
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Zhang YP, Chen LC, Zhang ZQ, Cao JJ, Tang C, Liu J, Duan LL, Huo Y, Shao X, Hong W, Zhang HL. Distinguishing Diketopyrrolopyrrole Isomers in Single-Molecule Junctions via Reversible Stimuli-Responsive Quantum Interference. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:6531-6535. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b02825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Peng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry (SKLAOC), Key Laboratory of Special Function Materials and Structure Design (MOE), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Li-Chuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry (SKLAOC), Key Laboratory of Special Function Materials and Structure Design (MOE), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ze-Qi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry (SKLAOC), Key Laboratory of Special Function Materials and Structure Design (MOE), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jing-Jing Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry (SKLAOC), Key Laboratory of Special Function Materials and Structure Design (MOE), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chun Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, People’s Republic of China
| | - Junyang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lin-Lin Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry (SKLAOC), Key Laboratory of Special Function Materials and Structure Design (MOE), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yong Huo
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry (SKLAOC), Key Laboratory of Special Function Materials and Structure Design (MOE), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiangfeng Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry (SKLAOC), Key Laboratory of Special Function Materials and Structure Design (MOE), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenjing Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hao-Li Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry (SKLAOC), Key Laboratory of Special Function Materials and Structure Design (MOE), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, People’s Republic of China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, People’s Republic of China
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79
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Wu Q, Hou S, Sadeghi H, Lambert CJ. A single-molecule porphyrin-based switch for graphene nano-gaps. NANOSCALE 2018; 10:6524-6530. [PMID: 29570203 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr00025e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Stable single-molecule switches with high on-off ratios are an essential component for future molecular-scale circuitry. Unfortunately, devices using gold electrodes are neither complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) compatible nor stable at room temperature. To overcome these limitations, several groups have been developing electroburnt graphene electrodes for single molecule electronics. Here, in anticipation of these developments, we examine how the electrical switching properties of a series of porphyrin molecules with pendant dipoles can be tuned by systematically increasing the number of spacer units between the porphyrin core and graphene electrodes. The porphyrin is sandwiched between a graphene source and drain and gated by a third electrode. It is found that the system has two stable states with high and low conductances, which can be controlled by coupling the dipole of the functionalised porphyrin to an external electric field. The associated rotation leads to the breaking of conjugation and a decrease in electrical conductances. As the number of spacers is increased, the conductance ratio can increase from 100 with one spacer to 200 with four spacers. This switching ratio is further enhanced by decreasing the temperature, reaching approximately 2200 at 100 K. This design for a molecular switch using graphene electrodes could be extended to other aromatic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingqing Wu
- Quantum Technology Centre, Lancaster University, LA1 4YB Lancaster, UK.
| | - Songjun Hou
- Quantum Technology Centre, Lancaster University, LA1 4YB Lancaster, UK.
| | - Hatef Sadeghi
- Quantum Technology Centre, Lancaster University, LA1 4YB Lancaster, UK.
| | - Colin J Lambert
- Quantum Technology Centre, Lancaster University, LA1 4YB Lancaster, UK.
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80
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Thoss M, Evers F. Perspective: Theory of quantum transport in molecular junctions. J Chem Phys 2018; 148:030901. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5003306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Thoss
- Institute of Physics, University of Freiburg, Hermann-Herder-Str. 3, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ferdinand Evers
- Institute of Theoretical Physics, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstr. 31, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany
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81
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Yang G, Wu H, Wei J, Zheng J, Chen Z, Liu J, Shi J, Yang Y, Hong W. Quantum interference effect in the charge transport through single-molecule benzene dithiol junction at room temperature: An experimental investigation. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2017.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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82
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Thi Thu Huong V, Tai TB, Jiang JC, Nguyen MT. Spin-polarized transport properties in some transition metal dithiolene complexes. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 19:32536-32543. [PMID: 29188831 DOI: 10.1039/c7cp05962k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Spin filtering materials are of great current interest in part due to their applications in molecular electronics. In this study, we carried out a theoretical investigation on the charge transport properties of transition metal (TM) dithiolene complexes with TM = Ni, Fe and Mn by using non-equilibrium Green's function/density functional theory (NEGF-DFT) methods. The characteristics of current-voltage and spin-resolved transmission spectra pointed out that Ni complexes are non-polarized, while Fe and Mn complexes exhibit high polarization and can be regarded as excellent candidates for spin-filtering materials with high spin-filtering efficiency. These differences were rationalized on the basis of electron delocalization over the molecular junction of the partial distribution of α- and β-spin molecular projected self-consistent Hamiltonian (MPSH) orbitals, and also the first eigenchannels of molecular junctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vu Thi Thu Huong
- Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium.
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83
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Jiang Y. Quantum interference in multi-branched molecules: The exact transfer matrix solutions. J Chem Phys 2017; 147:214115. [PMID: 29221391 DOI: 10.1063/1.4989872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
We present a transfer matrix formalism for studying quantum interference in a single molecule electronic system with internal branched structures. Based on the Schrödinger equation with the Bethe ansatz and employing Kirchhoff's rule for quantum wires, we derive a general closed-form expression for the transmission and reflection amplitudes of a two-port quantum network. We show that the transport through a molecule with complex internal structures can be reduced to that of a single two-port scattering unit, which contains all the information of the original composite molecule. Our method allows for the calculation of the transmission coefficient for various types of individual molecular modules giving rise to different resonant transport behaviors such as the Breit-Wigner, Fano, and Mach-Zehnder resonances. As an illustration, we first re-derive the transmittance of the Aharonov-Bohm ring, and then we apply our formulation to N identical parity-time (PT)-symmetric potentials, connected in series as well as in parallel. It is shown that the spectral singularities and PT-symmetric transitions of single scattering cells may be observed in coupled systems. Such transitions may occur at the same or distinct values of the critical parameters, depending on the connection modes under which the scattering objects are coupled.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Jiang
- Departamento de Física, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, A. P. 55-534, 09340 México D.F., Mexico
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84
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Kolmer M, Olszowski P, Zuzak R, Godlewski S, Joachim C, Szymonski M. Two-probe STM experiments at the atomic level. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2017; 29:444004. [PMID: 28869213 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/aa8a05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Direct characterization of planar atomic or molecular scale devices and circuits on a supporting surface by multi-probe measurements requires unprecedented stability of single atom contacts and manipulation of scanning probes over large, nanometer scale area with atomic precision. In this work, we describe the full methodology behind atomically defined two-probe scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) experiments performed on a model system: dangling bond dimer wire supported on a hydrogenated germanium (0 0 1) surface. We show that 70 nm long atomic wire can be simultaneously approached by two independent STM scanners with exact probe to probe distance reaching down to 30 nm. This allows direct wire characterization by two-probe I-V characteristics at distances below 50 nm. Our technical results presented in this work open a new area for multi-probe research, which can be now performed with precision so far accessible only by single-probe scanning probe microscopy (SPM) experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marek Kolmer
- Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Centre for Nanometer-Scale Science and Advanced Materials, NANOSAM, Jagiellonian University, Lojasiewicza 11, 30-348 Krakow, Poland
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85
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Bag S, Chandra S, Bhattacharya A. Molecular attochemistry in non-polar liquid environments: ultrafast charge migration dynamics through gold-thiolate and gold-selenolate linkages. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 19:26679-26696. [PMID: 28876015 DOI: 10.1039/c7cp03738d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Molecular attosecond science has already started contributing to our fundamental understanding of ultrafast purely electron dynamics in isolated molecules under vacuum. Extending attosecond science to the liquid phase is expected to offer new insight into the influence of a surrounding solvent environment on the attosecond electron dynamics in solvated molecules. A systematic theoretical investigation of the attochemistry of solvated molecules would help one design attosecond experiments under ambient conditions to explore the attochemistry in a liquid environment. With this goal in mind, for the first time, we have explored the attochemistry of molecules surrounded by different non-polar solvent environments. For this work, we have focused on the attosecond charge conduction through gold-thiolate and gold-selenolate linkages following the vertical ionization of the S/Se(CH3)-CH2-phenyl-X unit anchored to a gold dimeric cluster (Au2), where X represents either a strong electron donating N(CH3)2 group or a strong electron withdrawing NO2 group. To model solvation effects on the attochemistry of molecules containing gold-chalcogen linkages, we have used an implicit solvent model (Polarizable Continuum Model) under the density functional theory (DFT) formalism for non-polar solvents. We have found that the charge migration time scale in molecules becomes faster in the presence of the solvent environment as compared to that under vacuum. Charge oscillation does not damp quickly in molecules surrounded by the solvent environment as compared to that under vacuum. Furthermore, the direction of the charge migration may change in molecules when they are surrounded by the solvent environment as compared to that under vacuum. Thus, the present work has laid the foundation, for the first time, for thinking of the attochemistry into the realm of liquids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sampad Bag
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India.
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86
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Nonlinear and Nonsymmetric Single-Molecule Electronic Properties Towards Molecular Information Processing. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2017; 375:79. [DOI: 10.1007/s41061-017-0167-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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87
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88
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Wang M, Wang Y, Sanvito S, Hou S. The low-bias conducting mechanism of single-molecule junctions constructed with methylsulfide linker groups and gold electrodes. J Chem Phys 2017; 147:054702. [PMID: 28789544 DOI: 10.1063/1.4996745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Minglang Wang
- Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices, Department of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yongfeng Wang
- Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices, Department of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Beida Information Research (BIR), Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Stefano Sanvito
- School of Physics, AMBER and CRANN Institute, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Shimin Hou
- Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices, Department of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Beida Information Research (BIR), Tianjin 300457, China
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89
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Yu P, Kocić N, Repp J, Siegert B, Donarini A. Apparent Reversal of Molecular Orbitals Reveals Entanglement. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2017; 119:056801. [PMID: 28949707 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.119.056801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The frontier orbital sequence of individual dicyanovinyl-substituted oligothiophene molecules is studied by means of scanning tunneling microscopy. On NaCl/Cu(111), the molecules are neutral, and the two lowest unoccupied molecular states are observed in the expected order of increasing energy. On NaCl/Cu(311), where the molecules are negatively charged, the sequence of two observed molecular orbitals is reversed, such that the one with one more nodal plane appears lower in energy. These experimental results, in open contradiction with a single-particle interpretation, are explained by a many-body theory predicting a strongly entangled doubly charged ground state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Yu
- Institute of Experimental and Applied Physics, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany and School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 201210 Shanghai, China
| | - Nemanja Kocić
- Institute of Experimental and Applied Physics, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Jascha Repp
- Institute of Experimental and Applied Physics, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Benjamin Siegert
- Institute of Theoretical Physics, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Andrea Donarini
- Institute of Theoretical Physics, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
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90
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Borges A, Xia J, Liu SH, Venkataraman L, Solomon GC. The Role of Through-Space Interactions in Modulating Constructive and Destructive Interference Effects in Benzene. NANO LETTERS 2017; 17:4436-4442. [PMID: 28650176 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.7b01592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Quantum interference effects, whether constructive or destructive, are key to predicting and understanding the electrical conductance of single molecules. Here, through theory and experiment, we investigate a family of benzene-like molecules that exhibit both constructive and destructive interference effects arising due to more than one contact between the molecule and each electrode. In particular, we demonstrate that the π-system of meta-coupled benzene can exhibit constructive interference and its para-coupled analog can exhibit destructive interference, and vice versa, depending on the specific through-space interactions. As a peculiarity, this allows a meta-coupled benzene molecule to exhibit higher conductance than a para-coupled benzene. Our results provide design principles for molecular electronic components with high sensitivity to through-space interactions and demonstrate that increasing the number of contacts between the molecule and electrodes can both increase and decrease the conductance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anders Borges
- Department of Applied Physics, Columbia University , New York 10027, United States
- Nano-Science Center and Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen , 1017 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Jianlong Xia
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering, and Life Science, Wuhan University of Technology , Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Sheng Hua Liu
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University , Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Latha Venkataraman
- Department of Applied Physics and Department of Chemistry, Columbia University , New York 10027, United States
| | - Gemma C Solomon
- Nano-Science Center and Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen , 1017 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
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91
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Roche C, Luo Q, Gil-Ramírez G, Jiang HW, Kohn DR, Xiong Y, Thompson AL, Anderson HL. Unexpected Interactions between Alkyl Straps and Pyridine Ligands in Sulfur-Strapped Porphyrin Nanorings. J Org Chem 2017; 82:7446-7462. [PMID: 28654266 PMCID: PMC5600440 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b01128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Strapped or “basket-handle” porphyrins have been
investigated previously as hemoglobin mimics and catalysts. The facial
selectivity of their interactions with axial ligands is a sensitive
test for noncovalent bonding. Here the binding of pyridyl ligands
to zinc porphyrins with thioester-linked alkyl straps is investigated
in solution by NMR spectroscopy and UV–vis titration, and in
the solid state by X-ray crystallography. We expected that coordination
of the axial ligand would occur on the less hindered face of the porphyrin,
away from the strap. Surprisingly, attractive interactions between
the strap and the ligand direct axial coordination to the strapped
face of the porphyrin, except when the strap is short and tight. The
strapped porphyrins were incorporated into π-conjugated cyclic
porphyrin hexamers using template-directed synthesis. The strap and
the sulfur substituents are located either inside or outside the porphyrin
nanoring, depending on the length of the strap. Six-porphyrin nanorings
with outwardly pointing sulfur anchors were prepared for exploring
quantum interference effects in single-molecule charge transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cécile Roche
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory , Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - Qianfu Luo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory , Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - Guzmán Gil-Ramírez
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory , Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - Hua-Wei Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory , Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel R Kohn
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory , Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - Yaoyao Xiong
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory , Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - Amber L Thompson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory , Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - Harry L Anderson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory , Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
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92
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Xin N, Jia C, Wang J, Wang S, Li M, Gong Y, Zhang G, Zhu D, Guo X. Thermally Activated Tunneling Transition in a Photoswitchable Single-Molecule Electrical Junction. J Phys Chem Lett 2017; 8:2849-2854. [PMID: 28598631 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.7b01063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Exploring the charge transport process in molecular junctions is essential to the development of molecular electronics. Here, we investigate the temperature-dependent charge transport mechanism of carbon electrode-diarylethene single-molecule junctions, which possess photocontrollable molecular orbital energy levels due to reversible photoisomerization of individual diarylethenes between open and closed conformations. Both the experimental results and theoretical calculations consistently demonstrate that the vibronic coupling (thermally activated at the proper temperature) drives the transition of charge transport in the junctions from coherent tunneling to incoherent transport. Due to the subtle electron-phonon coupling effect, incoherent transport in the junctions proves to have different activation energies, depending on the photoswitchable molecular energy levels of two different conformations. These results improve fundamental understanding of charge transport mechanisms in molecular junctions and should lead to the rapid development of functional molecular devices toward practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Xin
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University , Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuancheng Jia
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University , Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinying Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University , Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuopei Wang
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingliang Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University , Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Yao Gong
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University , Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangyu Zhang
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
| | - Daoben Zhu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuefeng Guo
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University , Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University , Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
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93
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Kondo blockade due to quantum interference in single-molecule junctions. Nat Commun 2017; 8:15210. [PMID: 28492236 PMCID: PMC5437279 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms15210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular electronics offers unique scientific and technological possibilities, resulting from both the nanometre scale of the devices and their reproducible chemical complexity. Two fundamental yet different effects, with no classical analogue, have been demonstrated experimentally in single-molecule junctions: quantum interference due to competing electron transport pathways, and the Kondo effect due to entanglement from strong electronic interactions. Here we unify these phenomena, showing that transport through a spin-degenerate molecule can be either enhanced or blocked by Kondo correlations, depending on molecular structure, contacting geometry and applied gate voltages. An exact framework is developed, in terms of which the quantum interference properties of interacting molecular junctions can be systematically studied and understood. We prove that an exact Kondo-mediated conductance node results from destructive interference in exchange-cotunneling. Nonstandard temperature dependences and gate-tunable conductance peaks/nodes are demonstrated for prototypical molecular junctions, illustrating the intricate interplay of quantum effects beyond the single-orbital paradigm.
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94
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Sýkora R, Novotný T. Graph-theoretical evaluation of the inelastic propensity rules for molecules with destructive quantum interference. J Chem Phys 2017; 146:174114. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4981916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
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95
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Constructive quantum interference in a bis-copper six-porphyrin nanoring. Nat Commun 2017; 8:14842. [PMID: 28327654 PMCID: PMC5364408 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms14842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Accepted: 02/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The exchange interaction, J, between two spin centres is a convenient measure of through bond electronic communication. Here, we investigate quantum interference phenomena in a bis-copper six-porphyrin nanoring by electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy via measurement of the exchange coupling between the copper centres. Using an analytical expression accounting for both dipolar and exchange coupling to simulate the time traces obtained in a double electron electron resonance experiment, we demonstrate that J can be quantified to high precision even in the presence of significant through-space coupling. We show that the exchange coupling between two spin centres is increased by a factor of 4.5 in the ring structure with two parallel coupling paths as compared to an otherwise identical system with just one coupling path, which is a clear signature of constructive quantum interference. Quantum interference in charge transport is attracting interest with applications in nanoelectronics and quantum computing. Here, the authors present a method for quantifying electronic transmission through molecules, and demonstrate constructive quantum interference in a molecule with two identical, parallel coupling paths.
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96
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Tsutsui M, Yokota K, Morikawa T, Taniguchi M. Roles of vacuum tunnelling and contact mechanics in single-molecule thermopower. Sci Rep 2017; 7:44276. [PMID: 28281684 PMCID: PMC5345045 DOI: 10.1038/srep44276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2016] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular junction is a chemically-defined nanostructure whose discrete electronic states are expected to render enhanced thermoelectric figure of merit suitable for energy-harvesting applications. Here, we report on geometrical dependence of thermoelectricity in metal-molecule-metal structures. We performed simultaneous measurements of the electrical conductance and thermovoltage of aromatic molecules having different anchoring groups at room temperature in vacuum. We elucidated the mutual contributions of vacuum tunnelling on thermoelectricity in the short molecular bridges. We also found stretching-induced thermoelectric voltage enhancement in thiol-linked single-molecule bridges along with absence of the pulling effects in diamine counterparts, thereby suggested that the electromechanical effect would be a rather universal phenomenon in Au-S anchored molecular junctions that undergo substantial metal-molecule contact elongation upon stretching. The present results provide a novel concept for molecular design to achieve high thermopower with single-molecule junctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makusu Tsutsui
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, 8-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
| | - Kazumichi Yokota
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, 8-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
| | - Takanori Morikawa
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, 8-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
| | - Masateru Taniguchi
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, 8-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
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97
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Wu BH, Ivie JA, Johnson TK, Monti OLA. Uncovering hierarchical data structure in single molecule transport. J Chem Phys 2017. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4974937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ben H. Wu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, 1306 E. University Blvd., Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA
| | - Jeffrey A. Ivie
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, 1306 E. University Blvd., Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA
| | - Tyler K. Johnson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, 1306 E. University Blvd., Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA
| | - Oliver L. A. Monti
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, 1306 E. University Blvd., Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Arizona, 1118 E. Fourth Street, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA
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98
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Nozaki D, Lücke A, Schmidt WG. Molecular Orbital Rule for Quantum Interference in Weakly Coupled Dimers: Low-Energy Giant Conductivity Switching Induced by Orbital Level Crossing. J Phys Chem Lett 2017; 8:727-732. [PMID: 28106402 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.6b02989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Destructive quantum interference (QI) in molecular junctions has attracted much attention in recent years. It can tune the conductance of molecular devices dramatically, which implies numerous potential applications in thermoelectric and switching applications. There are several schemes that address and rationalize QI in single molecular devices. Dimers play a particular role in this respect because the QI signal may disappear, depending on the dislocation of monomers. We derive a simple rule that governs the occurrence of QI in weakly coupled dimer stacks of both alternant and nonalternant polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and extends the Tada-Yoshizawa scheme. Starting from the Green's function formalism combined with the molecular orbital expansion approach, it is shown that QI-induced antiresonances and their energies can be predicted from the amplitudes of the respective monomer terminal molecular orbitals. The condition is illustrated for a toy model consisting of two hydrogen molecules and applied within density functional calculations to alternant dimers of oligo(phenylene-ethynylene) and nonalternant PAHs. Minimal dimer structure modifications that require only a few millielectronvolts and lead to an energy crossing of the essentially preserved monomer orbitals are shown to result in giant conductance switching ratios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daijiro Nozaki
- Lehrstuhl für Theoretische Materialphysik, Universität Paderborn , 33095 Paderborn, Germany
| | - Andreas Lücke
- Lehrstuhl für Theoretische Materialphysik, Universität Paderborn , 33095 Paderborn, Germany
| | - Wolf Gero Schmidt
- Lehrstuhl für Theoretische Materialphysik, Universität Paderborn , 33095 Paderborn, Germany
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99
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Ismael AK, Al-Jobory A, Grace I, Lambert CJ. Discriminating single-molecule sensing by crown-ether-based molecular junctions. J Chem Phys 2017; 146:064704. [PMID: 28201900 DOI: 10.1063/1.4975771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Crown-ether molecules are well known to selectively bind alkali atoms, so by incorporating these within wires, any change in electrical conductance of the wire upon binding leads to discriminating sensing. Using a density functional theory-based approach to quantum transport, we investigate the potential sensing capabilities of single-molecule junctions formed from crown ethers attached to anthraquinone units, which are in turn attached to gold electrodes via alkyl chains. We calculate the change in electrical conductance for binding of three different alkali ions (lithium, sodium, and potassium). Depending on the nature of the ionic analyte, the conductance is enhanced by different amounts. This change in electrical conductance is due to charge transfer from the ion to molecular wire causing the molecular resonances to shift closer to the electrode Fermi energy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali K Ismael
- Department of Physics, Lancaster University, Lancaster, United Kingdom
| | - Alaa Al-Jobory
- Department of Physics, Lancaster University, Lancaster, United Kingdom
| | - Iain Grace
- Department of Physics, Lancaster University, Lancaster, United Kingdom
| | - Colin J Lambert
- Department of Physics, Lancaster University, Lancaster, United Kingdom
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Seth C, Kaliginedi V, Suravarapu S, Reber D, Hong W, Wandlowski T, Lafolet F, Broekmann P, Royal G, Venkatramani R. Conductance in a bis-terpyridine based single molecular breadboard circuit. Chem Sci 2017; 8:1576-1591. [PMID: 28451287 PMCID: PMC5359913 DOI: 10.1039/c6sc03204d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 11/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Controlling charge flow in single molecule circuits with multiple electrical contacts and conductance pathways is a much sought after goal in molecular electronics. In this joint experimental and theoretical study, we advance the possibility of creating single molecule breadboard circuits through an analysis of the conductance of a bis-terpyridine based molecule (TP1). The TP1 molecule can adopt multiple conformations through relative rotations of 7 aromatic rings and can attach to electrodes in 61 possible single and multi-terminal configurations through 6 pyridyl groups. Despite this complexity, we show that it is possible to extract well defined conductance features for the TP1 breadboard and assign them rigorously to the underlying constituent circuits. Mechanically controllable break-junction (MCBJ) experiments on the TP1 molecular breadboard show an unprecedented 4 conductance states spanning a range 10 -2G0 to 10 -7G0. Quantitative theoretical examination of the conductance of TP1 reveals that combinations of 5 types of single terminal 2-5 ring subcircuits are accessed as a function of electrode separation to produce the distinct conductance steps observed in the MCBJ experiments. We estimate the absolute conductance for each single terminal subcircuit and its percentage contribution to the 4 experimentally observed conductance states. We also provide a detailed analysis of the role of quantum interference and thermal fluctuations in modulating conductance within the subcircuits of the TP1 molecular breadboard. Finally, we discuss the possible development of molecular circuit theory and experimental advances necessary for mapping conductance through complex single molecular breadboard circuits in terms of their constituent subcircuits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charu Seth
- Department of Chemical Sciences , Tata Institute of Fundamental Research , Homi Bhabha Road, Colaba , Mumbai 400 005 , India .
| | - Veerabhadrarao Kaliginedi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Bern , Freiestrasse 3, CH-3012 , Bern , Switzerland .
| | - Sankarrao Suravarapu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Bern , Freiestrasse 3, CH-3012 , Bern , Switzerland .
| | - David Reber
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Bern , Freiestrasse 3, CH-3012 , Bern , Switzerland .
| | - Wenjing Hong
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering , College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Xiamen University , Xiamen 361005 , China
| | - Thomas Wandlowski
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Bern , Freiestrasse 3, CH-3012 , Bern , Switzerland .
| | - Frédéric Lafolet
- Université Grenoble Alpes , Département de Chimie Moléculaire , UMR CNRS-5250 , Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de Grenoble , FR CNRS-2607 , BP 53 , 38041 Grenoble Cedex 9 , France .
| | - Peter Broekmann
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Bern , Freiestrasse 3, CH-3012 , Bern , Switzerland .
| | - Guy Royal
- Université Grenoble Alpes , Département de Chimie Moléculaire , UMR CNRS-5250 , Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de Grenoble , FR CNRS-2607 , BP 53 , 38041 Grenoble Cedex 9 , France .
| | - Ravindra Venkatramani
- Department of Chemical Sciences , Tata Institute of Fundamental Research , Homi Bhabha Road, Colaba , Mumbai 400 005 , India .
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