51
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Chang TH, Xiong S, Liu CC, Liu D, Nealey PF, Ma Z. The One-Pot Directed Assembly of Cylinder-Forming Block Copolymer on Adjacent Chemical Patterns for Bimodal Patterning. Macromol Rapid Commun 2017; 38. [PMID: 28749034 DOI: 10.1002/marc.201700285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Revised: 06/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The direct self-assembly of cylinder-forming poly(styrene-block-methyl-methacrylate) (PS-b-PMMA) block copolymer is successfully assembled into two orientations, according to the underlying guiding pattern in different areas. Lying-down and perpendicular cylinders are formed, respectively, depending on the design of chemical pattern: sparse line/space pattern or hexagonal dot array. The first chemical pattern composed of prepatterned cross-linked polystyrene (XPS) line/space structure has a period (LS ) equal to twice the intercylinder period of the block copolymer (L0 ). The PS-b-PMMA thin film on the prepared chemical template after thermal annealing forms a lying-down cylinder morphology when the width of the PS strips is less than the width of PS block in the PS-b-PMMA block copolymer. The morphology is only applicable at the discrete thickness of the PS-b-PMMA film. In addition to forming the lying-down cylinders directly on the XPS guiding pattern, the cylinder-forming block copolymer can also be assembled in a perpendicular way on the second guiding pattern (the hexagonal dot array). The block copolymer films are registered into two orientations in a single directed self-assembly process. The features of the assembled patterns are successfully transferred down to the silicon oxide substrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzu-Hsuan Chang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Shisheng Xiong
- Institute for Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Chi-Chun Liu
- Institute for Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, IL, 60637, USA.,IBM Albany Nanotech Research Center, Albany, NY, 12203, USA
| | - Dong Liu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Paul F Nealey
- Institute for Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Zhenqiang Ma
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
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53
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Electrohydrodynamic-assisted Assembly of Hierarchically Structured, 3D Crumpled Nanostructures for Efficient Solar Conversions. Sci Rep 2016; 6:38701. [PMID: 27924857 PMCID: PMC5141446 DOI: 10.1038/srep38701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The tantalizing prospect of harnessing the unique properties of graphene crumpled nanostructures continues to fuel tremendous interest in energy storage and harvesting applications. However, the paper ball-like, hard texture, and closed-sphere morphology of current 3D graphitic nanostructure production not only constricts the conductive pathways but also limits the accessible surface area. Here, we report new insights into electrohydrodynamically-generated droplets as colloidal nanoreactors in that the stimuli-responsive nature of reduced graphene oxide can lead to the formation of crumpled nanostructures with a combination of open structures and doubly curved, saddle-shaped edges. In particular, the crumpled nanostructures dynamically adapt to non-spherical, polyhedral shapes under continuous deposition, ultimately assembling into foam-like microstructures with a highly accessible surface area and spatially interconnected transport pathways. The implementation of such crumpled nanostructures as three-dimensional rear contacts for solar conversion applications realize benefits of a high aspect ratio, electrically addressable and energetically favorable interfaces, and substantial enhancement of both short-circuit currents and fill-factors compared to those made of planar graphene counterparts. Further, the 3D crumpled nanostructures may shed lights onto the development of effective electrocatalytic electrodes due to their open structure that simultaneously allows for efficient water flow and hydrogen escape.
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54
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Ali S, Hassan A, Bae J, Lee CH, Kim J. All-Printed Differential Temperature Sensor for the Compensation of Bending Effects. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2016; 32:11432-11439. [PMID: 27718582 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.6b02885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Because printed resistance temperature detectors (RTDs) are affected by tension and compression of metallic patterns on flexible or curved surfaces, a significant temperature-sensing error occurs in general. Hence, we propose a differential temperature sensor (DTS) to compensate the bending effect of the printed RTDs, which is composed of two serially connected similar meander patterns fabricated back-to-back on a polyimide polyethylene terephthalate substrate through a Dimatix DMP-3000 inkjet printer using silver nanoparticles. Under mechanical deformation, the resistance of the proposed DTS is not varied significantly under the same temperature environment because its patterns vary differentially as one side experiences tension while the opposite side experiences compression. A single meander pattern of the proposed DTS has a total length of 75 mm and device dimensions of 7 × 7 mm2. The total resistance variation is observed to be 15.5 Ω against the temperature variation from 0 to 100 °C, and the temperature coefficient of resistance is 1.076 × 10-3 °C-1. The proposed DTS exhibits no significant resistance change on bendability testing down to 2 mm diameter because of mechanical deformation. In addition, it is also used to detect the curvature of a body shape down to 2 mm diameter because its resistance changes by ±8.22% using a single meander pattern of DTS. The proposed sensor can be applied on a curved or flexible surface to measure relatively accurate temperature when compared to a single meander pattern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shawkat Ali
- Department of Ocean System Engineering, Jeju National University , 102 Jejudaehakro, Jeju 63243, South Korea
| | - Arshad Hassan
- Department of Ocean System Engineering, Jeju National University , 102 Jejudaehakro, Jeju 63243, South Korea
| | - Jinho Bae
- Department of Ocean System Engineering, Jeju National University , 102 Jejudaehakro, Jeju 63243, South Korea
| | - Chong Hyun Lee
- Department of Ocean System Engineering, Jeju National University , 102 Jejudaehakro, Jeju 63243, South Korea
| | - Juho Kim
- Department of Ocean System Engineering, Jeju National University , 102 Jejudaehakro, Jeju 63243, South Korea
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55
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Lee Y, Min SY, Kim TS, Jeong SH, Won JY, Kim H, Xu W, Jeong JK, Lee TW. Versatile Metal Nanowiring Platform for Large-Scale Nano- and Opto-Electronic Devices. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2016; 28:9109-9116. [PMID: 27572481 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201602855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Revised: 07/16/2016] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
A versatile metal nanowiring platform enables the fabrication of Ag nanowires (AgNW) at a desired position and orientation in an individually controlled manner. A printed, flexible AgNW has a diameter of 695 nm, a resistivity of 5.7 μΩ cm, and good thermal stability in air. Based on an Ag nanowiring platform, an all-NW transistors array, as well as various optoelectronic applications, are successfully demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeongjun Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Gyeongbuk, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Yong Min
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Gyeongbuk, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Sik Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Gyeongbuk, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Hun Jeong
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Gyeongbuk, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju Yeon Won
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Inha University, Incheon, 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Hobeom Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Gyeongbuk, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Wentao Xu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Gyeongbuk, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Kyeong Jeong
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04736, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Woo Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Gyeongbuk, 37673, Republic of Korea. ,
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Majewski PW, Yager KG. Rapid ordering of block copolymer thin films. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2016; 28:403002. [PMID: 27537062 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/28/40/403002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Block-copolymers self-assemble into diverse morphologies, where nanoscale order can be finely tuned via block architecture and processing conditions. However, the ultimate usage of these materials in real-world applications may be hampered by the extremely long thermal annealing times-hours or days-required to achieve good order. Here, we provide an overview of the fundamentals of block-copolymer self-assembly kinetics, and review the techniques that have been demonstrated to influence, and enhance, these ordering kinetics. We discuss the inherent tradeoffs between oven annealing, solvent annealing, microwave annealing, zone annealing, and other directed self-assembly methods; including an assessment of spatial and temporal characteristics. We also review both real-space and reciprocal-space analysis techniques for quantifying order in these systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pawel W Majewski
- Center for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, USA. Department of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
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57
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Zhang B, He J, Li X, Xu F, Li D. Micro/nanoscale electrohydrodynamic printing: from 2D to 3D. NANOSCALE 2016; 8:15376-15388. [PMID: 27479715 DOI: 10.1039/c6nr04106j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Electrohydrodynamic printing (EHDP), based on the electrohydrodynamically induced flow of materials, enables the production of micro/nanoscale fibers or droplets and has recently attracted extensive interest to fabricate user-specific patterns in a controlled and high-efficiency manner. However, most of the existing EHDP techniques can only print two-dimensional (2D) micropatterns which cannot meet the increasing demands for the direct fabrication of three-dimensional (3D) microdevices. The integration of EHDP techniques with the layer-by-layer stacking principle of additive manufacturing has emerged as a promising solution to this limitation. Here we present a state-of-the-art review on the translation of 2D EHDP technique into a viable micro/nanoscale 3D printing strategy. The working principle, essential components as well as critical process parameters for EHDP are discussed. We highlight recent explorations on both solution-based and melt-based 3D EHDP techniques in cone-jet and microdripping modes for the fabrication of multimaterial structures, microelectronics and biological constructs. Finally, we discuss the major challenges as well as possible solutions with regard to translating the 3D EHDP process into a real micro/nanoscale additive manufacturing strategy for the freeform fabrication of 3D structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, China.
| | - Jiankang He
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, China.
| | - Xiao Li
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, McGill University, 817 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0C3, Canada
| | - Fangyuan Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, China.
| | - Dichen Li
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, China.
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58
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Lane AP, Maher MJ, Willson CG, Ellison CJ. Photopatterning of Block Copolymer Thin Films. ACS Macro Lett 2016; 5:460-465. [PMID: 35607242 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.6b00075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Block copolymers are potentially useful materials for large-area 2-D patterning applications due to their spontaneous self-assembly into sub-50 nm domains. However, most thin film engineering applications require patterns of prescribed size, shape, and organization. Photopatterning is a logical choice for manipulating block copolymer features since advanced lithography tools can pattern areas as small as a single block copolymer domain. By exposing either the block copolymer or a responsive interfacial surface to patterned radiation, precise control over placement, orientation, alignment, and selective development of block copolymer domains can be achieved. This Viewpoint highlights some of the recent research in photopatterning block copolymer thin films and identifies areas of future opportunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Austin P. Lane
- Department of Chemistry and ‡McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Michael J. Maher
- Department of Chemistry and ‡McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - C. Grant Willson
- Department of Chemistry and ‡McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Christopher J. Ellison
- Department of Chemistry and ‡McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
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59
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Jin HM, Lee SH, Kim JY, Son SW, Kim BH, Lee HK, Mun JH, Cha SK, Kim JS, Nealey PF, Lee KJ, Kim SO. Laser Writing Block Copolymer Self-Assembly on Graphene Light-Absorbing Layer. ACS NANO 2016; 10:3435-42. [PMID: 26871736 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.5b07511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Recent advance of high-power laser processing allows for rapid, continuous, area-selective material fabrication, typically represented by laser crystallization of silicon or oxides for display applications. Two-dimensional materials such as graphene exhibit remarkable physical properties and are under intensive development for the manufacture of flexible devices. Here we demonstrate an area-selective ultrafast nanofabrication method using low intensity infrared or visible laser irradiation to direct the self-assembly of block copolymer films into highly ordered manufacturing-relevant architectures at the scale below 12 nm. The fundamental principles underlying this light-induced nanofabrication mechanism include the self-assembly of block copolymers to proceed across the disorder-order transition under large thermal gradients, and the use of chemically modified graphene films as a flexible and conformal light-absorbing layers for transparent, nonplanar, and mechanically flexible surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeong Min Jin
- National Creative Research Initiative Center for Multi-Dimensional Directed Nanoscale Assembly, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, KAIST , Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Hyun Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, KAIST , Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju Young Kim
- National Creative Research Initiative Center for Multi-Dimensional Directed Nanoscale Assembly, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, KAIST , Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Woo Son
- Department of Applied Physics, Hanyang University , Ansan, Gyeonggi-do 15588, Republic of Korea
| | - Bong Hoon Kim
- National Creative Research Initiative Center for Multi-Dimensional Directed Nanoscale Assembly, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, KAIST , Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwan Keon Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, KAIST , Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Ho Mun
- National Creative Research Initiative Center for Multi-Dimensional Directed Nanoscale Assembly, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, KAIST , Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Keun Cha
- National Creative Research Initiative Center for Multi-Dimensional Directed Nanoscale Assembly, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, KAIST , Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Soo Kim
- National Creative Research Initiative Center for Multi-Dimensional Directed Nanoscale Assembly, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, KAIST , Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Paul F Nealey
- Institute for Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago , Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Keon Jae Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, KAIST , Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Ouk Kim
- National Creative Research Initiative Center for Multi-Dimensional Directed Nanoscale Assembly, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, KAIST , Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
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60
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Wu ML, Wang D, Wan LJ. Directed block copolymer self-assembly implemented via surface-embedded electrets. Nat Commun 2016; 7:10752. [PMID: 26876792 PMCID: PMC4756386 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms10752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2015] [Accepted: 01/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Block copolymer (BCP) nanolithography is widely recognized as a promising complementary approach to circumvent the feature size limits of conventional photolithography. The directed self-assembly of BCP thin film to form ordered nanostructures with controlled orientation and localized pattern has been the key challenge for practical nanolithography applications. Here we show that BCP nanopatterns can be directed on localized surface electrets defined by electron-beam irradiation to realize diverse features in a simple, effective and non-destructive manner. Charged electrets can generate a built-in electric field in BCP thin film and induce the formation of perpendicularly oriented microdomain of BCP film. The electret-directed orientation control of BCP film can be either integrated with mask-based patterning technique or realized by electron-beam direct-writing method to fabricate microscale arbitrary lateral patterns down to single BCP cylinder nanopattern. The electret-directed BCP self-assembly could provide an alternative means for BCP-based nanolithography, with high resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Ling Wu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100190, China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of CAS, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Dong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100190, China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Li-Jun Wan
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100190, China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
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61
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Onses MS, Wan L, Liu X, Kiremitler NB, Yılmaz H, Nealey PF. Self-Assembled Nanoparticle Arrays on Chemical Nanopatterns Prepared Using Block Copolymer Lithography. ACS Macro Lett 2015; 4:1356-1361. [PMID: 35614782 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.5b00644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
We present a high-throughput and inexpensive fabrication approach that uses self-assembled block copolymer (BCP) films as templates to generate dense nanoscale chemical patterns of polymer brushes for the selective immobilization of Au nanoparticles (NPs). A cross-linked random copolymer mat that contains styrene and methyl methacrylate units serves both as a base layer for perpendicular assembly of nanoscale domains of poly(styrene-block-methyl methacrylate) (PS-b-PMMA) films and as a nonadsorbing background layer that surrounds the chemical patterns. The selective removal of the PMMA block and the underlying mat via oxygen plasma etching generates binding sites which are then functionalized with poly(2-vinylpyridine) (P2VP) brushes. Au NPs with a diameter of 13 nm selectively immobilize on the patterned P2VP brushes. An essential aspect in fabricating high quality chemical patterns is the superior behavior of methyl methacrylate containing cross-linked mats in retaining their chemistry during the grafting of P2VP brushes. The use of BCPs with different molecular weights and volume fractions allows for preparation of chemical patterns with different geometries, sizes, and pitches for generating arrays of single particles that hold great promise for applications that range from molecular sensing to optical devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Serdar Onses
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanotechnology Research Center (ERNAM) Erciyes University, Kayseri, 38039, Turkey
| | - Lei Wan
- HGST, a Western
Digital Company, San Jose Research
Center 3403 Yerba Buena Road, San Jose, California 95135, United States
| | - Xiaoying Liu
- Institute
for Molecular Engineering, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - N. Burak Kiremitler
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanotechnology Research Center (ERNAM) Erciyes University, Kayseri, 38039, Turkey
| | - Hatice Yılmaz
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanotechnology Research Center (ERNAM) Erciyes University, Kayseri, 38039, Turkey
| | - Paul F. Nealey
- Institute
for Molecular Engineering, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
- Argonne National
Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
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62
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Bai W, Yager KG, Ross CA. In Situ Characterization of the Self-Assembly of a Polystyrene–Polydimethylsiloxane Block Copolymer during Solvent Vapor Annealing. Macromolecules 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.5b02174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- W. Bai
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - K. G. Yager
- Center
for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - C. A. Ross
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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63
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Control of Partial Coalescence of Self-Assembled Metal Nano-Particles across Lyotropic Liquid Crystals Templates towards Long Range Meso-Porous Metal Frameworks Design. NANOMATERIALS 2015; 5:1766-1781. [PMID: 28347094 PMCID: PMC5304782 DOI: 10.3390/nano5041766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Revised: 10/19/2015] [Accepted: 10/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The formation of purely metallic meso-porous metal thin films by partial interface coalescence of self-assembled metal nano-particles across aqueous solutions of Pluronics triblock lyotropic liquid crystals is demonstrated for the first time. Small angle X-ray scattering was used to study the influence of the thin film composition and processing conditions on the ordered structures. The structural characteristics of the meso-structures formed demonstrated to primarily rely on the lyotropic liquid crystal properties while the nature of the metal nano-particles used as well as the their diameters were found to affect the ordered structure formation. The impact of the annealing temperature on the nano-particle coalescence and efficiency at removing the templating lyotropic liquid crystals was also analysed. It is demonstrated that the lyotropic liquid crystal is rendered slightly less thermally stable, upon mixing with metal nano-particles and that low annealing temperatures are sufficient to form purely metallic frameworks with average pore size distributions smaller than 500 nm and porosity around 45% with potential application in sensing, catalysis, nanoscale heat exchange, and molecular separation.
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64
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Onses MS, Sutanto E, Ferreira PM, Alleyne AG, Rogers JA. Mechanisms, Capabilities, and Applications of High-Resolution Electrohydrodynamic Jet Printing. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2015; 11:4237-4266. [PMID: 26122917 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201500593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 195] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2015] [Revised: 04/20/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
This review gives an overview of techniques used for high-resolution jet printing that rely on electrohydrodynamically induced flows. Such methods enable the direct, additive patterning of materials with a resolution that can extend below 100 nm to provide unique opportunities not only in scientific studies but also in a range of applications that includes printed electronics, tissue engineering, and photonic and plasmonic devices. Following a brief historical perspective, this review presents descriptions of the underlying processes involved in the formation of liquid cones and jets to establish critical factors in the printing process. Different printing systems that share similar principles are then described, along with key advances that have been made in the last decade. Capabilities in terms of printable materials and levels of resolution are reviewed, with a strong emphasis on areas of potential application.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Serdar Onses
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanotechnology Research Center (ERNAM), Erciyes University, Kayseri, 38039, Turkey
| | - Erick Sutanto
- The Dow Chemical Company, Collegeville, PA, 19426, USA
| | - Placid M Ferreira
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Andrew G Alleyne
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - John A Rogers
- Departments of Materials Science and Engineering, Beckman Institute and Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
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65
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66
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Cao X, Zhang L, Gu J, Wang L, Lin J. Designing three-dimensional ordered structures from directed self-assembly of block copolymer films in topographical templates. POLYMER 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2015.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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67
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From Self-Assembled Monolayers to Coatings: Advances in the Synthesis and Nanobio Applications of Polymer Brushes. Polymers (Basel) 2015. [DOI: 10.3390/polym7071346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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68
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Hur SM, Onses MS, Ramírez-Hernández A, Nealey PF, Rogers JA, de Pablo JJ. Interplay of Surface Energy and Bulk Thermodynamic Forces in Ordered Block Copolymer Droplets. Macromolecules 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.5b00630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Su-Mi Hur
- Materials
Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
- Institute
for Molecular Engineering, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
- School
of Polymer Science and Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 500-757, Korea
| | - M. Serdar Onses
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Beckman Institute, and Frederick
Seitz Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanotechnology Research Center
(ERNAM), Erciyes University, Kayseri 38039, Turkey
| | - Abelardo Ramírez-Hernández
- Materials
Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
- Institute
for Molecular Engineering, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Paul F. Nealey
- Materials
Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
- Institute
for Molecular Engineering, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - John A. Rogers
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Beckman Institute, and Frederick
Seitz Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Juan J. de Pablo
- Materials
Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
- Institute
for Molecular Engineering, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
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69
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Schneider J, Rohner P, Galliker P, Raja SN, Pan Y, Tiwari MK, Poulikakos D. Site-specific deposition of single gold nanoparticles by individual growth in electrohydrodynamically-printed attoliter droplet reactors. NANOSCALE 2015; 7:9510-9519. [PMID: 25947628 DOI: 10.1039/c4nr06964a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Gold nanoparticles with unique electronic, optical and catalytic properties can be efficiently synthesized in colloidal suspensions and are of broad scientific and technical interest and utility. However, their orderly integration on functional surfaces and devices remains a challenge. Here we show that single gold nanoparticles can be directly grown in individually printed, stabilized metal-salt ink attoliter droplets, using a nanoscale electrohydrodynamic printing method with a stable high-frequency dripping mode. This enables controllable sessile droplet nanoreactor formation and sustenance on non-wetting substrates, despite simultaneous rapid evaporation. The single gold nanoparticles can be formed inside such reactors in situ or by subsequent thermal annealing and plasma ashing. With this non-contact technique, single particles with diameters tunable in the range of 5-35 nm and with narrow size distribution, high yield and alignment accuracy are generated on demand and patterned into arbitrary arrays. The nanoparticles feature good catalytic activity as shown by the exemplary growth of silicon nanowires from the nanoparticles and the etching of nanoholes by the printed nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Schneider
- Laboratory of Thermodynamics in Emerging Technologies, Institute of Energy Technology, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland.
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70
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Mun BH, You BK, Yang SR, Yoo HG, Kim JM, Park WI, Yin Y, Byun M, Jung YS, Lee KJ. Flexible one diode-one phase change memory array enabled by block copolymer self-assembly. ACS NANO 2015; 9:4120-4128. [PMID: 25826001 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.5b00230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Flexible memory is the fundamental component for data processing, storage, and radio frequency communication in flexible electronic systems. Among several emerging memory technologies, phase-change random-access memory (PRAM) is one of the strongest candidate for next-generation nonvolatile memories due to its remarkable merits of large cycling endurance, high speed, and excellent scalability. Although there are a few approaches for flexible phase-change memory (PCM), high reset current is the biggest obstacle for the practical operation of flexible PCM devices. In this paper, we report a flexible PCM realized by incorporating nanoinsulators derived from a Si-containing block copolymer (BCP) to significantly lower the operating current of the flexible memory formed on plastic substrate. The reduction of thermal stress by BCP nanostructures enables the reliable operation of flexible PCM devices integrated with ultrathin flexible diodes during more than 100 switching cycles and 1000 bending cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beom Ho Mun
- †Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Byoung Kuk You
- †Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Se Ryeun Yang
- †Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeon Gyun Yoo
- †Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Min Kim
- †Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Woon Ik Park
- †Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - You Yin
- ‡Graduate School of Engineering, Gunma University, 1-5-1 Tenjin, Kiryu, Gunma 376-8515, Japan
| | - Myunghwan Byun
- †Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeon Sik Jung
- †Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Keon Jae Lee
- †Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
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71
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Wang J, Do-Quang M, Cannon JJ, Yue F, Suzuki Y, Amberg G, Shiomi J. Surface structure determines dynamic wetting. Sci Rep 2015; 5:8474. [PMID: 25683872 PMCID: PMC4329571 DOI: 10.1038/srep08474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2014] [Accepted: 01/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Liquid wetting of a surface is omnipresent in nature and the advance of micro-fabrication and assembly techniques in recent years offers increasing ability to control this phenomenon. Here, we identify how surface roughness influences the initial dynamic spreading of a partially wetting droplet by studying the spreading on a solid substrate patterned with microstructures just a few micrometers in size. We reveal that the roughness influence can be quantified in terms of a line friction coefficient for the energy dissipation rate at the contact line, and that this can be described in a simple formula in terms of the geometrical parameters of the roughness and the line-friction coefficient of the planar surface. We further identify a criterion to predict if the spreading will be controlled by this surface roughness or by liquid inertia. Our results point to the possibility of selectively controlling the wetting behavior by engineering the surface structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayu Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Minh Do-Quang
- Department of Mechanics, Linné Flow Centre, The Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - James J Cannon
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Feng Yue
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuji Suzuki
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Gustav Amberg
- Department of Mechanics, Linné Flow Centre, The Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Junichiro Shiomi
- 1] Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan [2] CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Tokyo, Japan
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72
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Kim BH, Onses MS, Lim JB, Nam S, Oh N, Kim H, Yu KJ, Lee JW, Kim JH, Kang SK, Lee CH, Lee J, Shin JH, Kim NH, Leal C, Shim M, Rogers JA. High-resolution patterns of quantum dots formed by electrohydrodynamic jet printing for light-emitting diodes. NANO LETTERS 2015; 15:969-973. [PMID: 25584701 DOI: 10.1021/nl503779e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Here we demonstrate materials and operating conditions that allow for high-resolution printing of layers of quantum dots (QDs) with precise control over thickness and submicron lateral resolution and capabilities for use as active layers of QD light-emitting diodes (LEDs). The shapes and thicknesses of the QD patterns exhibit systematic dependence on the dimensions of the printing nozzle and the ink composition in ways that allow nearly arbitrary, systematic control when exploited in a fully automated printing tool. Homogeneous arrays of patterns of QDs serve as the basis for corresponding arrays of QD LEDs that exhibit excellent performance. Sequential printing of different types of QDs in a multilayer stack or in an interdigitated geometry provides strategies for continuous tuning of the effective, overall emission wavelengths of the resulting QD LEDs. This strategy is useful to efficient, additive use of QDs for wide ranging types of electronic and optoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bong Hoon Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
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73
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Onses MS. Fabrication of nanopatterned poly(ethylene glycol) brushes by molecular transfer printing from poly(styrene-block-methyl methacrylate) films to generate arrays of Au nanoparticles. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2015; 31:1225-1230. [PMID: 25547182 DOI: 10.1021/la504359f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
This article presents a soft lithographic approach using block copolymer (BCP) films to fabricate functional chemically patterned polymer brushes on the nanoscale. Hydroxyl-terminated poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG-OH) was transfer printed from the poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) domains of self-assembled poly(styrene-block-methyl methacrylate) films to a substrate in conformal contact with the film to generate patterned PEG brushes mirroring the pattern of BCP domains. A key point in the study is that the chemistry of the functional transferred brushes is different from the chemistry of either block of the copolymer; PEG-OH is miscible only in the PMMA block and therefore transferred only from PMMA domains. The functionality of the PEG brushes was demonstrated by the selective immobilization of citrate-stabilized Au NPs (15 nm) and validated the generation of high-quality chemical patterns with sub-30-nm feature sizes.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Serdar Onses
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanotechnology Research Center (ERNAM), Erciyes University , Kayseri 38039, Turkey
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74
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Léonforte F, Müller M. Morphology Modulation of Multicomponent Polymer Brushes in Selective Solvent by Patterned Surfaces. Macromolecules 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/ma502256p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- F. Léonforte
- Institut für Theoretische
Physik, Georg-August-Universität, Friedrich-Hund-Platz 1, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - M. Müller
- Institut für Theoretische
Physik, Georg-August-Universität, Friedrich-Hund-Platz 1, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
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75
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Song C, Rogers JA, Kim JM, Ahn H. Patterned polydiacetylene-embedded polystyrene nanofibers based on electrohydrodynamic jet printing. Macromol Res 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s13233-015-3024-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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76
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Tran H, Ronaldson K, Bailey NA, Lynd NA, Killops KL, Vunjak-Novakovic G, Campos LM. Hierarchically ordered nanopatterns for spatial control of biomolecules. ACS NANO 2014; 8:11846-53. [PMID: 25363506 PMCID: PMC4246004 DOI: 10.1021/nn505548n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2014] [Accepted: 11/02/2014] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The development and study of a benchtop, high-throughput, and inexpensive fabrication strategy to obtain hierarchical patterns of biomolecules with sub-50 nm resolution is presented. A diblock copolymer of polystyrene-b-poly(ethylene oxide), PS-b-PEO, is synthesized with biotin capping the PEO block and 4-bromostyrene copolymerized within the polystyrene block at 5 wt %. These two handles allow thin films of the block copolymer to be postfunctionalized with biotinylated biomolecules of interest and to obtain micropatterns of nanoscale-ordered films via photolithography. The design of this single polymer further allows access to two distinct superficial nanopatterns (lines and dots), where the PEO cylinders are oriented parallel or perpendicular to the substrate. Moreover, we present a strategy to obtain hierarchical mixed morphologies: a thin-film coating of cylinders both parallel and perpendicular to the substrate can be obtained by tuning the solvent annealing and irradiation conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen Tran
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Kacey Ronaldson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Nevette A. Bailey
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Nathaniel A. Lynd
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Kato L. Killops
- Edgewood Chemical Biological Center, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland 21010, United States
| | - Gordana Vunjak-Novakovic
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Luis M. Campos
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
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77
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Cheng C, Bai X, Zhang X, Chen M, Huang Q, Hu Z, Tu Y. Facile synthesis of block copolymers from a cinnamate derivative by combination of AGET ATRP and click chemistry. Macromol Res 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s13233-014-2180-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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78
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Kim BH, Byeon KJ, Kim JY, Kim J, Jin HM, Cho JY, Jeong SJ, Shin J, Lee H, Kim SO. Negative-tone block copolymer lithography by in situ surface chemical modification. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2014; 10:4207-4212. [PMID: 24912807 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201400971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2014] [Revised: 05/19/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Negative-tone block copolymer (BCP) lithography based on in situ surface chemical modification is introduced as a highly efficient, versatile self-assembled nanopatterning. BCP blends films consisting of end-functionalized low molecular weight poly(styrene-ran-methyl methacrylate) and polystyrene-block-Poly(methyl methacylate) can produce surface vertical BCP nanodomains on various substrates without prior surface chemical treatment. Simple oxygen plasma treatment is employed to activate surface functional group formation at various substrates, where the end-functionalized polymers can be covalently bonded during the thermal annealing of BCP thin films. The covalently bonded brush layer mediates neutral interfacial condition for vertical BCP nanodomain alignment. This straightforward approach for high aspect ratio, vertical self-assembled nanodomain formation facilitates single step, site-specific BCP nanopatterning widely useful for various substrates. Moreover, this approach is compatible with directed self-assembly approaches to produce device oriented laterally ordered nanopatterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bong Hoon Kim
- Center for Nanomaterials and Chemical Reactions, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 305-701, Republic of Korea
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79
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Lee A, Watanabe H, Matsumiya Y, Choi KH, Ahn KH, Lee SJ. Dielectric Characterization of Pigment Inks for Electrohydrodynamic Jet Printing. Ind Eng Chem Res 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/ie5031437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ayoung Lee
- School
of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Process, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-744, Korea
- Institute
for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Watanabe
- Institute
for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Yumi Matsumiya
- Institute
for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Kyung-Hyun Choi
- School
of Mechatronics Engineering, Jeju National University, Jeju 690-756, Korea
| | - Kyung Hyun Ahn
- School
of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Process, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-744, Korea
| | - Seung Jong Lee
- School
of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Process, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-744, Korea
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80
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Kuang M, Wang L, Song Y. Controllable Printing Droplets for High-Resolution Patterns. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2014; 26:6950-8. [PMID: 24687946 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201305416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 186] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2013] [Revised: 01/26/2014] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Minxuan Kuang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS); Key Laboratory of Green Printing; Key Laboratory of Organic Solids; Institute of Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100190 P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100049 P. R. China
| | - Libin Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS); Key Laboratory of Green Printing; Key Laboratory of Organic Solids; Institute of Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100190 P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100049 P. R. China
| | - Yanlin Song
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS); Key Laboratory of Green Printing; Key Laboratory of Organic Solids; Institute of Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100190 P. R. China
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81
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Maher MJ, Bates CM, Blachut G, Carlson MC, Self JL, Janes DW, Durand WJ, Lane AP, Ellison CJ, Willson CG. Photopatternable Interfaces for Block Copolymer Lithography. ACS Macro Lett 2014; 3:824-828. [PMID: 35590708 DOI: 10.1021/mz500370r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Directly photopatternable interfaces are introduced that facilitate two-dimensional spatial control of block copolymer (BCP) orientation in thin films. Copolymers containing an acid labile monomer were synthesized, formulated with a photoacid generator (PAG), and coated to create grafted surface treatments (GSTs). These as-cast GST films are either inherently neutral or preferential (but not both) to lamella-forming poly(styrene-block-trimethylsilylstyrene) (PS-b-PTMSS). Subsequent contact printing and baking produced GSTs with submicron chemically patterned gratings. The catalytic reaction of the photoacid generated in the UV-exposed regions of the GSTs changed the interfacial interactions between the BCP and the GST in one of two ways: from neutral to preferential ("N2P") or preferential to neutral ("P2N"). When PS-b-PTMSS was thermally annealed between a chemically patterned GST and a top coat, alternating regions of perpendicular and parallel BCP lamellae were formed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J. Maher
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Christopher M. Bates
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Gregory Blachut
- McKetta
Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Matthew C. Carlson
- McKetta
Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Jeffrey L. Self
- McKetta
Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Dustin W. Janes
- McKetta
Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - William J. Durand
- McKetta
Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Austin P. Lane
- McKetta
Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Christopher J. Ellison
- McKetta
Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - C. Grant Willson
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
- McKetta
Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
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82
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Onses MS, Ramírez-Hernández A, Hur SM, Sutanto E, Williamson L, Alleyne AG, Nealey PF, de Pablo JJ, Rogers JA. Block copolymer assembly on nanoscale patterns of polymer brushes formed by electrohydrodynamic jet printing. ACS NANO 2014; 8:6606-6613. [PMID: 24882265 DOI: 10.1021/nn5022605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Fundamental understanding of the self-assembly of domains in block copolymers (BCPs) and capabilities in control of these processes are important for their use as nanoscale templates in various applications. This paper focuses on the self-assembly of spin-cast and printed poly(styrene-block-methyl methacrylate) BCPs on patterned surface wetting layers formed by electrohydrodynamic jet printing of random copolymer brushes. Here, end-grafted brushes that present groups of styrene and methyl methacrylate in geometries with nanoscale resolution deterministically define the morphologies of BCP nanostructures. The materials and methods can also be integrated with lithographically defined templates for directed self-assembly of BCPs at multiple length scales. The results provide not only engineering routes to controlled formation of complex patterns but also vehicles for experimental and simulation studies of the effects of chemical transitions on the processes of self-assembly. In particular, we show that the methodology developed here provides the means to explore exotic phenomena displayed by the wetting behavior of BCPs, where 3-D soft confinement, chain elasticity, interfacial energies, and substrate's surface energy cooperate to yield nonclassical wetting behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Serdar Onses
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Beckman Institute, and Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
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83
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Felts JR, Onses MS, Rogers JA, King WP. Nanometer scale alignment of block-copolymer domains by means of a scanning probe tip. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2014; 26:2999-3002. [PMID: 24523245 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201305481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2013] [Revised: 12/05/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Alignment of perpendicularly oriented lamellar block copolymer domains using an AFM tip is demonstrated. The AFM tip orients the domains through local shearing, resulting in domain alignment parallel to tip travel. AFM tips can also deposit block copolymer nanostructures on heated substrates with a variety of experimentally observed domain alignments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan R Felts
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, 1206 W. Green St., Urbana, IL, 61801, United States
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84
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Boyer C, Zetterlund PB, Whittaker MR. Synthesis of complex macromolecules using iterative copper(0)-mediated radical polymerization. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.27220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cyrille Boyer
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD), School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales; Sydney 2052 Australia
| | - Per B. Zetterlund
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD), School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales; Sydney 2052 Australia
| | - Michael R. Whittaker
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Nano-Bio Science & Technology, Monash University; Parkville Melbourne 3052 Australia
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85
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Simão C, Khunsin W, Kehagias N, Salaun M, Zelsmann M, Morris MA, Sotomayor Torres CM. Order quantification of hexagonal periodic arrays fabricated by in situ solvent-assisted nanoimprint lithography of block copolymers. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2014; 25:175703. [PMID: 24722230 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/25/17/175703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Directed self-assembly of block copolymer polystyrene-b-polyethylene oxide (PS-b-PEO) thin film was achieved by a one-pot methodology of solvent vapor assisted nanoimprint lithography (SAIL). Simultaneous solvent-anneal and imprinting of a PS-b-PEO thin film on silicon without surface pre-treatments yielded a 250 nm line grating decorated with 20 nm diameter nanodots array over a large surface area of up to 4' wafer scale. The grazing-incidence small-angle x-ray scattering diffraction pattern showed the fidelity of the NIL stamp pattern replication and confirmed the periodicity of the BCP of 40 nm. The order of the hexagonally arranged nanodot lattice was quantified by SEM image analysis using the opposite partner method and compared to conventionally solvent-annealed block copolymer films. The imprint-based SAIL methodology thus demonstrated an improvement in ordering of the nanodot lattice of up to 50%, and allows significant time and cost reduction in the processing of these structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Simão
- Institut Catala de Nanociencia i Nanotecnologia, Campus de la UAB, Barcelona 08193, Spain
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86
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Robinson A. Electron-beam lithography: going green with silk. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2014; 9:251-252. [PMID: 24658172 DOI: 10.1038/nnano.2014.70] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alex Robinson
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
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87
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Nanoinks in inkjet metallization — Evolution of simple additive-type metal patterning. Curr Opin Colloid Interface Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cocis.2014.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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88
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Singer JP, Gotrik KW, Lee JH, Kooi SE, Ross CA, Thomas EL. Alignment and reordering of a block copolymer by solvent-enhanced thermal laser direct write. POLYMER 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2014.02.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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89
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Polystyrene-poly(2-ethylhexylmethacrylate) block copolymers: Synthesis, bulk phase behavior, and thin film structure. POLYMER 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2014.02.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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90
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Shao Y, Fu J. Integrated micro/nanoengineered functional biomaterials for cell mechanics and mechanobiology: a materials perspective. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2014; 26:1494-533. [PMID: 24339188 PMCID: PMC4076293 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201304431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2013] [Revised: 10/11/2013] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
The rapid development of micro/nanoengineered functional biomaterials in the last two decades has empowered materials scientists and bioengineers to precisely control different aspects of the in vitro cell microenvironment. Following a philosophy of reductionism, many studies using synthetic functional biomaterials have revealed instructive roles of individual extracellular biophysical and biochemical cues in regulating cellular behaviors. Development of integrated micro/nanoengineered functional biomaterials to study complex and emergent biological phenomena has also thrived rapidly in recent years, revealing adaptive and integrated cellular behaviors closely relevant to human physiological and pathological conditions. Working at the interface between materials science and engineering, biology, and medicine, we are now at the beginning of a great exploration using micro/nanoengineered functional biomaterials for both fundamental biology study and clinical and biomedical applications such as regenerative medicine and drug screening. In this review, an overview of state of the art micro/nanoengineered functional biomaterials that can control precisely individual aspects of cell-microenvironment interactions is presented and they are highlighted them as well-controlled platforms for mechanistic studies of mechano-sensitive and -responsive cellular behaviors and integrative biology research. The recent exciting trend where micro/nanoengineered biomaterials are integrated into miniaturized biological and biomimetic systems for dynamic multiparametric microenvironmental control of emergent and integrated cellular behaviors is also discussed. The impact of integrated micro/nanoengineered functional biomaterials for future in vitro studies of regenerative medicine, cell biology, as well as human development and disease models are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Shao
- Integrated Biosystems and Biomechanics Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, 48109 (USA)
| | - Jianping Fu
- Integrated Biosystems and Biomechanics Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, 48109 (USA). Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, 48109 (USA)
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91
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Wu ML, Li J, Wan LJ, Wang D. Monolayer graphene-supported free-standing PS-b-PMMA thin film with perpendicularly orientated microdomains. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra12655f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A facile way to fabricate robust free-standing PS-b-PMMA thin films with perpendicularly orientated microdomains on monolayer graphene is reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Ling Wu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology and Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS)
- Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- University of CAS
| | - Jing Li
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology and Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS)
- Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- University of CAS
| | - Li-Jun Wan
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology and Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS)
- Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Dong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology and Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS)
- Beijing 100190, P. R. China
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92
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher M. Bates
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Michael J. Maher
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Dustin W. Janes
- McKetta
Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Christopher J. Ellison
- McKetta
Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - C. Grant Willson
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
- McKetta
Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
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93
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Register RA. Nanolithography: Painting with block copolymers. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2013; 8:618-619. [PMID: 23975189 DOI: 10.1038/nnano.2013.175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Richard A Register
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA.
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