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Methylation level of Rap1GAP and the clinical significance in MDS. Oncol Lett 2018; 16:7287-7294. [PMID: 30546468 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.9503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2015] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies on the pathogenesis of myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) have identified multiple associated gene mutations, including mutations of tetmethylcytosinedioxygenase 2, isocitrate dehydrogenase [NADP(+)] 1 cytosolic, isocitrate dehydrogenase [NADP(+)] 2 mitochondrial and additional sex combs like 1 transcriptional regulator, all of which may be considered epigenetic regulators. Furthermore, mutations of RAS type GTPase family genes have been identified in 10-15% patients with MDS. The authors' previous study on the gene expression profile of cluster of differentiation 34+ cells using microarray analysis identified elevated expression of RAP1GTPase activating protein 1 (Rap1GAP) in patients with MDS compared with that in non-malignant blood diseases (NM) control group. To further investigate the mechanism of increased Rap1GAP expression, the methylation pattern of the promoter of this gene was determined in 86 patients with MDS (n=29), acute myeloid leukemia (AML) (n=31) or NM (n=26) using bisulfite-specific polymerase chain reaction and DNA sequencing. The results demonstrated that the methylation of Rap1GAP occurred in all 29 patients with MDS at multiple CpG sites. The methylation level of Rap1GAP in patients with MDS was decreased compared with that in patients with NM. Significant differences at 4CpG sites (5,7,8 and 12) of Rap1GAP promoter were identified between MDS and NM. Furthermore, based on the present clinical records of the patient cohort, the methylation status of Rap1GAP promoter did not appear to be associated with the clinicopathological characteristics of patients with MDS, including age, gender and International Prognosis Score System. The difference in methylation level at CpG site 8 of Rap1GAP promoter was identified to be significantly increased in patients with MDS-refractory anemia with ring sideroblasts compared with that in the MDS-refractory cytopenia with multilineage dysplasia or MDS-unclassified groups. The results of the present study suggest that patients with MDS exhibit a lower overall methylation level within Rap1GAP promoter compared with patients with NM or AML. In addition, the methylation level at the four identified CpG sites can distinguish between MDS and NM.
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Wu S, Zhang Y, Zhang L, Ma JL, Zhou T, Li ZX, Liu WD, Li WQ, You WC, Pan KF. Methylation and Expression of Nonclustered Protocadherins Encoding Genes and Risk of Precancerous Gastric Lesions in a High-Risk Population. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2018; 11:717-726. [PMID: 30213786 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-18-0119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Revised: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Nonclustered protocadherins (PCDH) family is a group of cell-cell adhesion molecules. We have found differentially methylated genes in the nonclustered PCDHs family associated with Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection in prior genome-wide methylation analysis. To further investigate the methylation and expression of nonclustered PCDHs encoding genes in H. pylori--related gastric carcinogenesis process, four candidate genes including PCDH7, PCDH10, PCDH17, and PCDH20 were selected, which were reported to be tumor suppressors for digestive cancers. A total of 747 participants with a spectrum of gastric lesions were enrolled from a high-risk population of gastric cancer. Promoter methylation levels of four genes were significantly higher in H. pylori-positive subjects than the negative group (all P < 0.001). Elevated methylation levels of PCDH10 and PCDH17 were observed with the increasing severity of gastric lesions (both P trend < 0.001). In the protein expression analysis, PCDH17 expression was inversely associated with gastric lesions; the OR [95% confidence interval (CI)] was 0.49 (0.26-0.95) for chronic atrophic gastritis (CAG), 0.31 (0.15-0.63) for intestinal metaplasia, and 0.38 (0.19-0.75) for indefinite dysplasia and dysplasia, compared with superficial gastritis. In addition, PCDH10 expression was significantly lower in CAG (OR, 0.40; 95% CI, 0.24-0.68). The inverse association between methylation and protein expression of PCDH10 and PCDH17 was further supported when we explored the methylation and mRNA expression in The Cancer Genome Atlas database (all P < 0.001). Our study found elevated promoter methylation and decreased expression of PCDH10 and PCDH17 in advanced gastric lesions, suggesting that elevated PCDH10 and PCDH17 methylation may be an early event in gastric carcinogenesis. Cancer Prev Res; 11(11); 717-26. ©2018 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si Wu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Lian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun-Ling Ma
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Tong Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhe-Xuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei-Dong Liu
- Linqu Public Health Bureau, Linqu, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Qing Li
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei-Cheng You
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
| | - Kai-Feng Pan
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
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Abstract
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the most common kidney cancer and includes several molecular and histological subtypes with different clinical characteristics. While survival rates are high if RCC is diagnosed when still confined to the kidney and treated definitively, there are no specific diagnostic screening tests available and symptoms are rare in early stages of the disease. Management of advanced RCC has changed significantly with the advent of targeted therapies, yet survival is usually increased by months due to acquired resistance to these therapies. DNA methylation, the covalent addition of a methyl group to a cytosine, is essential for normal development and transcriptional regulation, but becomes altered commonly in cancer. These alterations result in broad transcriptional changes, including in tumor suppressor genes. Because DNA methylation is one of the earliest molecular changes in cancer and is both widespread and stable, its role in cancer biology, including RCC, has been extensively studied. In this review, we examine the role of DNA methylation in RCC disease etiology and progression, the preclinical use of DNA methylation alterations as diagnostic, prognostic and predictive biomarkers, and the potential for DNA methylation-directed therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany N Lasseigne
- HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, 601 Genome Way, Huntsville, AL, 35806-2908, USA.
| | - James D Brooks
- Department of Urology, Stanford University Medical Center, 300 Pasteur Drive, Stanford, CA, 94305-5118, USA
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Wang Y, Chen Y, Li X, Hu W, Zhang Y, Chen L, Chen M, Chen J. Loss of expression and prognosis value of alpha-internexin in gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasm. BMC Cancer 2018; 18:691. [PMID: 29940892 PMCID: PMC6020194 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-018-4449-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The neuronal intermediate filament alpha-internexin (α-internexin) is a cytoskeleton protein which is involved in the tumor initiation and progression. In this study, we examined the expression and prognosis value of α-internexin in gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (GEP-NENs). METHODS α-internexin was detected with immunohistochemical staining in 286 tumor specimens from patients with GEP-NENs. Methylation status of α-internexin was evaluated by bisulfite genomic sequencing. We assessed the prognostic value of α-internexin and its correlation with relevant clinicalpathological characteristics. RESULTS The reduced/loss of expression rate of α-internexin in GEP-NEN was 73.4% (210/286), while the positive expression rate was 26.6% (76/286). The difference of α-internexin deficiency was not statistically significant between gastrointestinal NENs (GI-NENs) and pancreatic NENs (pNENs). However, we found significant difference of reduced/loss of α-internexin expression among different sites of GI-NENs (χ2 = 43.470, P < 0.001). The reduced/loss of expression of α-internexin was significantly associated with poorly differentiation (P < 0.001) and advanced tumor stage (P < 0.001). Univariate analyses showed that reduced/loss of expression of α-internexin predicted worse overall survival (OS) in GEP-NEN patients (P < 0.001), especially in subtype of GI-NENs (P < 0.001). However, in multivariable regression analysis, α-internexin expression was not an independent prognostic factor. The hypermethylation of α-internexin gene was significantly correlated with protein deficiency in GI-NENs, but not in pNENs. Hypermethylation of several CpG sites was significantly associated with poorly differentiated and advanced stage (P values range from 0.018 to 0.044). However, the methylation status of α-internexin was not associated with patient OS. CONCLUSIONS The expression of α-internexin was highly heterougeneous in different sites of GEP-NENs. The reduced/loss of expression of α-internexin was closely related to tumors with aggressiveness and patient's adverse prognosis. The hypermethylation of the regulatory region examined may be an important epigenetic regulation mechanism of α-internexin deficiency in subtype of GI-NENs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhong Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, No.58 Zhongshan II Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Yuanjia Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoxing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wanming Hu
- Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, No.58 Zhongshan II Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Luohai Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, No.58 Zhongshan II Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Minhu Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, No.58 Zhongshan II Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, No.58 Zhongshan II Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
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Okochi-Takada E, Hattori N, Ito A, Niwa T, Wakabayashi M, Kimura K, Yoshida M, Ushijima T. Establishment of a high-throughput detection system for DNA demethylating agents. Epigenetics 2018; 13:147-155. [PMID: 27935410 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2016.1267887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic alterations underlie various human disorders, including cancer, and this has resulted in the development of drugs targeting epigenetic alterations. Although DNA demethylating agents are one of the major epigenetic drugs, only two compounds-5-azacytidine (5-aza-CR, azacitidine) and 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine (5-aza-dC, decitabine)-have obtained clinical approval. Here, we aimed to establish a detection system for DNA demethylating agents suitable for a high-throughput screening (HTS) in mammalian cells. We inserted luciferase and EGFP reporter genes under the UCHL1 promoter, which is methylation-silenced in human colon cancers and can be readily demethylated to drive strong expression. Methylated UCHL1 promoter was introduced into HCT116 colon cancer cells, and transfectants with methylated exogenous UCHL1 promoter were obtained. By screening subclones from each of the epigenetically heterogeneous transfectant clones, we finally obtained three optimal subclones that expressed luciferase and EGFP after 5-aza-dC treatment with high signal-to-noise ratios. Nucleosomes with H3K9me2 were present around the exogenous UCHL1 promoter in all three subclones. Using one of the subclones (HML58-3), HTS was conducted using 19,840 small molecules. Two hit compounds were obtained, and these turned out to be 5-aza-dC and 5-aza-CR. The assay system constructed here demonstrates a robust response to DNA demethylating agents, along with high specificity, and will be useful for screening and biological assays in epigenetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eriko Okochi-Takada
- a Division of Epigenomics , National Cancer Center Research Institute , 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045 , Japan
| | - Naoko Hattori
- a Division of Epigenomics , National Cancer Center Research Institute , 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045 , Japan
| | - Akihiro Ito
- b Chemical Genetics Laboratory , RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198 , Japan.,c Chemical Genomics Research Group , RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science , 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198 , Japan
| | - Tohru Niwa
- a Division of Epigenomics , National Cancer Center Research Institute , 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045 , Japan
| | - Mika Wakabayashi
- a Division of Epigenomics , National Cancer Center Research Institute , 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045 , Japan
| | - Kana Kimura
- a Division of Epigenomics , National Cancer Center Research Institute , 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045 , Japan
| | - Minoru Yoshida
- b Chemical Genetics Laboratory , RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198 , Japan.,c Chemical Genomics Research Group , RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science , 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198 , Japan.,d Seed Compounds Exploratory Unit for Drug Discovery Platform , RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science , 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198 , Japan
| | - Toshikazu Ushijima
- a Division of Epigenomics , National Cancer Center Research Institute , 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045 , Japan
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Matthew EM, Yang Z, Peri S, Andrake M, Dunbrack R, Ross E, El-Deiry WS. Plk2 Loss Commonly Occurs in Colorectal Carcinomas but not Adenomas: Relationship to mTOR Signaling. Neoplasia 2018; 20:244-255. [PMID: 29448085 PMCID: PMC5849802 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2018.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2017] [Revised: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Plk2 is a target of p53. Our previous studies demonstrated that with wild-type p53, Plk2 impacts mTOR signaling in the same manner as TSC1, and Plk2-deficient tumors grew larger than control. Other investigators have demonstrated that Plk2 phosphorylates mutant p53 in a positive feedback loop. We investigated Plk2’s tumor suppressor functions in relationship to mTOR signaling. Archival specimens from 12 colorectal adenocarcinomas were stained for markers including Plk2, phosphorylated mTOR (serine 2448) and ribosomal S6 (Serine 235/236). We show that Plk2 is expressed in normal colon, with a punctate staining pattern in supranuclear cytoplasm. In colorectal adenocarcinoma, Plk2 demonstrates complete or partial loss of expression. Strong expression of phosphorylated mTOR is observed in the invasive front. Phosphorylated S6 expression partially correlates with phosphorylated mTOR expression but appears more diffuse in some cases. p53 and Ki67 expression is diffuse, in the subset of cases examined. In order to determine whether Plk2 is lost prior to the development of invasive cancer, 8 colon polyps from 6 patients were evaluated for Plk2 expression. All polyps are positive for Plk2. A Cancer Genome Atlas search identified Plk2 mutations to be infrequent in colorectal adenocarcinomas. Neither Plk2 methylation (in the gene body) nor copy number variations correlated with changes in mRNA expression levels. Loss of Plk2 expression along with accentuated expression of phosphorylated mTOR and phosphorylated S6 at the invasive front in some colorectal carcinomas is consistent with previous findings that an interaction between Plk2 and TSC1 / mTOR signaling molecules plays a role in tumor suppression. Plk2 protein expression is lost at the same stage in colorectal carcinogenesis as p53. The p53 dependence of Plk2 loss and tumor suppressor function in relationship to mTOR signaling may have therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth M Matthew
- Laboratory of Translational Oncology and Experimental Cancer Therapeutics, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Penn State Hershey Cancer Institute, 500 University Drive, Hershey, PA 17033; Laboratory of Translational Oncology and Experimental Cancer Therapeutics, Department of Medical Oncology and Molecular Therapeutics Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, 333 Cottman Avenue, Philadelphia, PA 19111.
| | - Zhaohai Yang
- Department of Pathology, Penn State Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, 500 University Drive, Hershey, PA 17033.
| | - Suraj Peri
- Fox Chase Cancer Center, 333 Cottman Avenue, Philadelphia, PA, 19111.
| | - Mark Andrake
- Fox Chase Cancer Center, 333 Cottman Avenue, Philadelphia, PA, 19111.
| | - Roland Dunbrack
- Fox Chase Cancer Center, 333 Cottman Avenue, Philadelphia, PA, 19111.
| | - Eric Ross
- Fox Chase Cancer Center, 333 Cottman Avenue, Philadelphia, PA, 19111.
| | - Wafik S El-Deiry
- Laboratory of Translational Oncology and Experimental Cancer Therapeutics, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Penn State Hershey Cancer Institute, 500 University Drive, Hershey, PA 17033; Laboratory of Translational Oncology and Experimental Cancer Therapeutics, Department of Medical Oncology and Molecular Therapeutics Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, 333 Cottman Avenue, Philadelphia, PA 19111.
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Huang L, Cao Y, Diao D. Nanosized graphene sheets induced high electrochemical activity in pure carbon film. Electrochim Acta 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2018.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Andersen GB, Tost J. A Summary of the Biological Processes, Disease-Associated Changes, and Clinical Applications of DNA Methylation. Methods Mol Biol 2018; 1708:3-30. [PMID: 29224136 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-7481-8_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
DNA methylation at cytosines followed by guanines, CpGs, forms one of the multiple layers of epigenetic mechanisms controlling and modulating gene expression through chromatin structure. It closely interacts with histone modifications and chromatin remodeling complexes to form the local genomic and higher-order chromatin landscape. DNA methylation is essential for proper mammalian development, crucial for imprinting and plays a role in maintaining genomic stability. DNA methylation patterns are susceptible to change in response to environmental stimuli such as diet or toxins, whereby the epigenome seems to be most vulnerable during early life. Changes of DNA methylation levels and patterns have been widely studied in several diseases, especially cancer, where interest has focused on biomarkers for early detection of cancer development, accurate diagnosis, and response to treatment, but have also been shown to occur in many other complex diseases. Recent advances in epigenome engineering technologies allow now for the large-scale assessment of the functional relevance of DNA methylation. As a stable nucleic acid-based modification that is technically easy to handle and which can be analyzed with great reproducibility and accuracy by different laboratories, DNA methylation is a promising biomarker for many applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gitte Brinch Andersen
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Laboratory for Epigenetics & Environment, Centre National de Recherche en Génomique Humaine, CEA-Institut de Biologie Francois Jacob, Bâtiment G2, 2 rue Gaston Crémieux, 91000, Evry, France
| | - Jörg Tost
- Laboratory for Epigenetics & Environment, Centre National de Recherche en Génomique Humaine, CEA-Institut de Biologie Francois Jacob, Bâtiment G2, 2 rue Gaston Crémieux, 91000, Evry, France.
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Abstract
Induction of aberrant DNA methylation is one of the most important mechanisms mediating the effect of inflammation on cancer development. Aberrant methylation of promoter CpG islands of tumor suppressor genes can silence their downstream genes, and that in cancer tissues is associated with prognosis or therapeutic effects. In addition, aberrant methylation can occur in tissues exposed to specific types of inflammation, producing a so-called "epigenetic field for cancerization," and its accumulation is correlated with cancer risk. Thus, aberrant methylation at specific loci is an important biomarker and mediator of the carcinogenic effect of inflammation. DNA methylation at specific genomic regions can be analyzed by various methods based upon bisulfite-mediated DNA conversion, which specifically converts unmethylated cytosines into uracils under appropriate conditions. Methylation-specific PCR (MSP), quantitative MSP, and bisulfite sequencing are widely used, and this chapter provides protocols for bisulfite-mediated conversion, quantitative MSP, and bisulfite sequencing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoko Hattori
- Division of Epigenomics, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshikazu Ushijima
- Division of Epigenomics, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan.
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Aslam MS, Shaeer A, Abbas Z, Ahmed A, Gull I, Athar MA. Cell-Free DNA Quantification and Methylation Status of DCC Gene as Predictive Diagnostic Biomarkers of Lung Cancer in Patients Reported at Gulab Devi Chest Hospital, Lahore. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2017. [PMCID: PMC5762030 DOI: 10.1177/1533034616682155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The worldwide high mortality rate of lung cancer could be reduced significantly by its noninvasive early detection. The quantitative analysis of cell-free circulating DNA in plasma presents a potential noninvasive approach for liquid biopsy of tumor. In this study, real-time polymerase chain reaction–based approach was used to quantify free circulating DNA in plasma. The concentration of free circulating DNA was checked using human telomerase reverse transcriptase gene as marker, and amplification status of oncogene RAC-β serine/threonine protein kinase along with the DNA methylation status of tumor suppressor gene (deleted in colorectal cancer) was assessed. The concentration of free circulating DNA in patients with lung cancer (22.8 ng/mL) was found approximately 6 times above than the value detected in controls (2.8 ng/mL). Considerable variation in the AKT2 copy number was observed in patients with lung cancer and controls (P < .000). Aberrant methylation of the deleted in colorectal cancer promoter was found to be highly specific (100%), as none of the control plasma samples showed aberrant methylation. The quantification of free circulating DNA along with determination of AKT2 amplification and deleted in colorectal cancer promoter methylation status appeared promising to differentiate patients with lung cancer from healthy individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Abeera Shaeer
- Institute of Biochemistry & Biotechnology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Zaigham Abbas
- Department of Microbiology & Molecular Genetics, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Aftab Ahmed
- School of Biological Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Iram Gull
- Institute of Biochemistry & Biotechnology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Amin Athar
- Institute of Biochemistry & Biotechnology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
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Miyata Y, Matsuo T, Sagara Y, Ohba K, Ohyama K, Sakai H. A Mini-Review of Reactive Oxygen Species in Urological Cancer: Correlation with NADPH Oxidases, Angiogenesis, and Apoptosis. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18102214. [PMID: 29065504 PMCID: PMC5666894 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18102214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Revised: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress refers to elevated reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, and NADPH oxidases (NOXs), which are one of the most important sources of ROS. Oxidative stress plays important roles in the etiologies, pathological mechanisms, and treatment strategies of vascular diseases. Additionally, oxidative stress affects mechanisms of carcinogenesis, tumor growth, and prognosis in malignancies. Nearly all solid tumors show stimulation of neo-vascularity, termed angiogenesis, which is closely associated with malignant aggressiveness. Thus, cancers can be seen as a type of vascular disease. Oxidative stress-induced functions are regulated by complex endogenous mechanisms and exogenous factors, such as medication and diet. Although understanding these regulatory mechanisms is important for improving the prognosis of urothelial cancer, it is not sufficient, because there are controversial and conflicting opinions. Therefore, we believe that this knowledge is essential to discuss observations and treatment strategies in urothelial cancer. In this review, we describe the relationships between members of the NOX family and tumorigenesis, tumor growth, and pathological mechanisms in urological cancers including prostate cancer, renal cell carcinoma, and urothelial cancer. In addition, we introduce natural compounds and chemical agents that are associated with ROS-induced angiogenesis or apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuyoshi Miyata
- Department of Urology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan.
| | - Tomohiro Matsuo
- Department of Urology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan.
| | - Yuji Sagara
- Department of Urology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan.
| | - Kojiro Ohba
- Department of Urology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan.
| | - Kaname Ohyama
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan.
| | - Hideki Sakai
- Department of Urology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan.
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Huang H, Ji Y, Zhang J, Su Z, Liu M, Tong J, Ge C, Chen T, Li J. Aberrant DNA methylation in radon and/or cigarette smoke-induced malignant transformation in BEAS-2B human lung cell line. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2017; 80:1321-1330. [PMID: 29048996 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2017.1384156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
It is well known that cigarette smoking (CS) and/or radon (Rn) induce malignant transformation in lung cells. To investigate the mechanisms underlying lung carcinogenesis induced by CS, Rn; or Rn followed by CS using BEAS-2B cell line derived from human bronchial epithelial cells. BEAS-2B cells were exposed to either Rn (20,000 Bq/m3) for 30 min or CS (20%) for 10 min or Rn followed by CS for 40 min. Global and gene-specific DNA methylation modifications were measured by microarray and methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction. Cell cycle and apoptosis were determined by flow cytometry, while soft agar colony formation was conducted to assess the characteristics of malignant transformation. Data demonstrated global hypomethylation as well as gene-specific DNA methylation alterations in all treatment groups compared to unexposed control cells. In addition, Rn and CS produced DNA hypermethylation of protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor type M and ectodysplasin A2 receptor, two genes related to malignant transformation. In all treatment conditions, cell proliferation and survival of malignant cells was increased, while apoptosis was initially first passage elevated but decreased at passages 5-15. Our results indicate that aberrant DNA methylation plays an important role in Rn- and/or CS-induced malignant transformation. In addition, BEAS-2B cell line may be used as an in vitro model to investigate mechanisms underlying malignant transformation induced by ambient environmental contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanhuan Huang
- a Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health , Medical College of Soochow University , Suzhou , China
| | - Yahui Ji
- a Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health , Medical College of Soochow University , Suzhou , China
| | - Jiayu Zhang
- a Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health , Medical College of Soochow University , Suzhou , China
| | - Zhigang Su
- a Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health , Medical College of Soochow University , Suzhou , China
| | - Mingxing Liu
- a Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health , Medical College of Soochow University , Suzhou , China
| | | | - Cuicui Ge
- b School of Radiation Medicine and Protection , Medical College of Soochow University , Suzhou , China
| | - Tao Chen
- a Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health , Medical College of Soochow University , Suzhou , China
| | - Jianxiang Li
- a Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health , Medical College of Soochow University , Suzhou , China
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Moran S, Martinez-Cardús A, Boussios S, Esteller M. Precision medicine based on epigenomics: the paradigm of carcinoma of unknown primary. Nat Rev Clin Oncol 2017; 14:682-694. [PMID: 28675165 DOI: 10.1038/nrclinonc.2017.97] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Epigenetic alterations are a common hallmark of human cancer. Single epigenetic markers are starting to be incorporated into clinical practice; however, the translational use of these biomarkers has not been validated at the 'omics' level. The identification of the tissue of origin in patients with cancer of unknown primary (CUP) is an example of how epigenomics can be incorporated in clinical settings, addressing an unmet need in the diagnostic and clinical management of these patients. Despite the great diagnostic advances made in the past decade, the use of traditional diagnostic procedures only enables the tissue of origin to be determined in ∼30% of patients with CUP. Thus, development of molecularly guided diagnostic strategies has emerged to complement traditional procedures, thereby improving the clinical management of patients with CUP. In this Review, we present the latest data on strategies using epigenetics and other molecular biomarkers to guide therapeutic decisions involving patients with CUP, and we highlight areas warranting further research to engage the medical community in this unmet need.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastián Moran
- Cancer Epigenetics and Biology Program (PEBC), Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Avinguda Gran Via 199-203, 08908 L'Hospitalet del Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Martinez-Cardús
- Cancer Epigenetics and Biology Program (PEBC), Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Avinguda Gran Via 199-203, 08908 L'Hospitalet del Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Stergios Boussios
- Department of Medical Oncology, Ioannina University Hospital, Niarxou Avenue, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Manel Esteller
- Cancer Epigenetics and Biology Program (PEBC), Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Avinguda Gran Via 199-203, 08908 L'Hospitalet del Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.,Physiological Sciences Department, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona (UB), Carrer de la Feixa Llarga, s/n, 08908 L'Hospitalet, Spain.,Institucio Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Passeig Lluís Companys 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
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64
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Hosoda K, Yashima K, Tamoto A, Yamamoto S, Kawata S, Ikebuchi Y, Matsumoto K, Kawaguchi K, Harada K, Murawaki Y, Isomoto H. Expression of methylation-modulated tumor-related genes in endoscopically resected early esophageal squamous neoplasia. Oncol Lett 2017; 14:737-742. [PMID: 28693228 PMCID: PMC5494775 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.6196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2016] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Smoking and alcohol consumption are major risk factors for the development of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). Recent studies have demonstrated that smoking and alcohol consumption may be associated with altered DNA methylation in human cancer development. The aim of the present study was to evaluate methylation-modulated protein expression of tumor-related genes (TRGs) in the early stages of esophageal squamous neoplasia (ESN). ESN tissue samples (n=141) comprising 19 cases of low-grade intraepithelial neoplasia (LGIN), 70 of high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia/carcinoma in situ (HGIN/CIS) and 52 of invasive cancer, were endoscopically resected. The methylation-modulated protein expression of 5 TRGs [fragile histidine triad (FHIT), E-cadherin, MutL homolog 1 (MLH1) /MutS homolog 2 (MSH2) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2)] as well as p53 was examined with immunohistochemistry, and their expression was compared with patient clinicopathological characteristics. Reduced or loss of FHIT, E-cadherin, MLH1/MSH2 and COX-2 expression was detected in 26.3 (5/19), 5.3 (1/19), 0 (0/19) and 63.2% (12/19) of LGIN cases, 61.4 (43/70), 18.6 (13/70), 7.1 (5/70) and 65.7% (46/70) of HGIN/CIS cases, and 78.8 (41/52), 50.0 (26/52), 11.5 (6/52) and 59.6% (31/52) of invasive cancer cases, respectively. Reduced or absent expression of FHIT and E-cadherin was significantly associated with neoplastic progression (FHIT, P=0.0007; E-cadherin, P=0.00014). The mean number of TRGs (FHIT, E-cadherin, MLH1/MSH2, and COX-2) that exhibited reduced or absent expression in LGIN, HGIN/CIS and invasive cancer specimens was 1.12±0.61, 1.66±0.93 and 2.09±0.96, respectively, demonstrating a significant stepwise increment from LGIN to HGIN/CIS and then to invasive cancer (P<0.05). p53 overexpression was frequently detected in ESN with head and neck carcinomas. However p53 overexpression was not significantly associated with ESN progression. An increase in the number of the 5 TRG proteins with reduced or loss of expression in the early stages of esophageal tumorigenesis was demonstrated, and their decreased expression was observed to be associated with tumor progression. Therefore, smoking and alcohol drinking may be associated with not only carcinogenesis but also the progression of ESN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kohei Hosoda
- Division of Medicine and Clinical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago, Tottori 683-8504, Japan
| | - Kazuo Yashima
- Division of Medicine and Clinical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago, Tottori 683-8504, Japan
| | - Akihiro Tamoto
- Division of Medicine and Clinical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago, Tottori 683-8504, Japan
| | - Sohei Yamamoto
- Division of Medicine and Clinical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago, Tottori 683-8504, Japan
| | - Soichiro Kawata
- Division of Medicine and Clinical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago, Tottori 683-8504, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Ikebuchi
- Division of Medicine and Clinical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago, Tottori 683-8504, Japan
| | - Kazuya Matsumoto
- Division of Medicine and Clinical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago, Tottori 683-8504, Japan
| | - Koichiro Kawaguchi
- Division of Medicine and Clinical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago, Tottori 683-8504, Japan
| | - Kenichi Harada
- Division of Medicine and Clinical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago, Tottori 683-8504, Japan
| | - Yoshikazu Murawaki
- Division of Medicine and Clinical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago, Tottori 683-8504, Japan
| | - Hajime Isomoto
- Division of Medicine and Clinical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago, Tottori 683-8504, Japan
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Takeshima H, Niwa T, Toyoda T, Wakabayashi M, Yamashita S, Ushijima T. Degree of methylation burden is determined by the exposure period to carcinogenic factors. Cancer Sci 2017; 108:316-321. [PMID: 27992956 PMCID: PMC5378290 DOI: 10.1111/cas.13136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2016] [Revised: 12/08/2016] [Accepted: 12/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Aberrant DNA methylation accumulated in normal tissues, namely methylation burden, is associated with risk of carcinogenesis. The levels of methylation burden are known to be influenced by multiple factors, such as genetic factors and strengths of carcinogenic factors. However, the impact of the degree of exposure to a carcinogenic factor is still unclear. Here, using a Mongolian gerbil model of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori)‐induced gastritis, we aimed to clarify the impact of the degree of exposure on methylation burden in normal gastric tissues. DNA methylation levels of four CpG islands, HE6, SA9, SB5, and SD2, increased by H. pylori infection, depending upon the infection period. After eradication of H. pylori, DNA methylation levels decreased, but tended to be higher in gastric mucosae with a longer infection period. DNA molecules with dense methylation, but not those with sparse methylation, increased depending upon the infection period. DNA methylation levels of one of the four CpG islands, SA9, tended to be higher in gastric mucosae of gerbils infected with H. pylori, even 50 weeks after eradication than in those of non‐infected gerbils. These results showed for the first time that the levels of methylation burden in normal tissues are influenced by the degree of exposure to a carcinogenic factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideyuki Takeshima
- Division of Epigenomics, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tohru Niwa
- Division of Epigenomics, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takeshi Toyoda
- Division of Pathology, National Institute of Health Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mika Wakabayashi
- Division of Epigenomics, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Yamashita
- Division of Epigenomics, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshikazu Ushijima
- Division of Epigenomics, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
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66
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Costa SFS, Pereira NB, Pereira KMA, Campos K, de Castro WH, Diniz MG, Gomes CC, Gomez RS. DNA methylation pattern of apoptosis-related genes in ameloblastoma. Oral Dis 2017; 23:779-783. [DOI: 10.1111/odi.12661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Revised: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 02/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- SFS Costa
- Department of Oral Surgery and Pathology; School of Dentistry; Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais; Belo Horizonte Brazil
| | - NB Pereira
- Department of Oral Surgery and Pathology; School of Dentistry; Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais; Belo Horizonte Brazil
| | - KMA Pereira
- School of Dentistry; Universidade Federal do Ceará; Sobral Brazil
| | - K Campos
- Department of Oral Surgery and Pathology; School of Dentistry; Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais; Belo Horizonte Brazil
| | - WH de Castro
- Department of Oral Surgery and Pathology; School of Dentistry; Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais; Belo Horizonte Brazil
| | - MG Diniz
- Department of Oral Surgery and Pathology; School of Dentistry; Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais; Belo Horizonte Brazil
| | - CC Gomes
- Department of Pathology; Biological Sciences Institute; Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais; Belo Horizonte Brazil
| | - RS Gomez
- Department of Oral Surgery and Pathology; School of Dentistry; Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais; Belo Horizonte Brazil
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67
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Wang Y, Zhang Y, Guo Y, Kang XF. Fast and precise detection of DNA methylation with tetramethylammonium-filled nanopore. Sci Rep 2017; 7:183. [PMID: 28298646 PMCID: PMC5428259 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-00317-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Accepted: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The tremendous demand for detecting methylated DNA has stimulated intensive studies on developing fast single-molecule techniques with excellent sensitivity, reliability, and selectivity. However, most of these methods cannot directly detect DNA methylation at single-molecule level, which need either special recognizing elements or chemical modification of DNA. Here, we report a tetramethylammonium-based nanopore (termed TMA-NP) sensor that can quickly and accurately detect locus-specific DNA methylation, without bisulfite conversion, chemical modification or enzyme amplification. In the TMA-NP sensor, TMA-Cl is utilized as a nanopore-filling electrolyte to record the ion current change in a single nanopore triggered by methylated DNA translocation through the pore. Because of its methyl-philic nature, TMA can insert into the methylcytosine-guanine (mC-G) bond and then effectively unfasten and reduce the mC-G strength by 2.24 times. Simultaneously, TMA can increase the stability of A-T to the same level as C-G. The abilities of TMA (removing the base pair composition dependence of DNA strands, yet highly sensing for methylated base sites) endow the TMA-NP sensor with high selectivity and high precision. Using nanopore to detect dsDNA stability, the methylated and unmethylated bases are easily distinguished. This simple single-molecule technique should be applicable to the rapid analysis in epigenetic research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecular Chemistry, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, P. R. China
| | - Yani Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, P. R. China
| | - Yanli Guo
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecular Chemistry, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Feng Kang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecular Chemistry, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, P. R. China.
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Galadari S, Rahman A, Pallichankandy S, Thayyullathil F. Reactive oxygen species and cancer paradox: To promote or to suppress? Free Radic Biol Med 2017; 104:144-164. [PMID: 28088622 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2017.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 622] [Impact Index Per Article: 88.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Revised: 12/16/2016] [Accepted: 01/03/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS), a group of highly reactive ions and molecules, are increasingly being appreciated as powerful signaling molecules involved in the regulation of a variety of biological processes. Indeed, their role is continuously being delineated in a variety of pathophysiological conditions. For instance, cancer cells are shown to have increased ROS levels in comparison to their normal counterparts. This is partly due to an enhanced metabolism and mitochondrial dysfunction in cancer cells. The escalated ROS generation in cancer cells contributes to the biochemical and molecular changes necessary for the tumor initiation, promotion and progression, as well as, tumor resistance to chemotherapy. Therefore, increased ROS in cancer cells may provide a unique opportunity to eliminate cancer cells via elevating ROS to highly toxic levels intracellularly, thereby, activating various ROS-induced cell death pathways, or inhibiting cancer cell resistance to chemotherapy. Such results can be achieved by using agents that either increase ROS generation, or inhibit antioxidant defense, or even a combination of both. In fact, a large variety of anticancer drugs, and some of those currently under clinical trials, effectively kill cancer cells and overcome drug resistance via enhancing ROS generation and/or impeding the antioxidant defense mechanism. This review focuses on our current understanding of the tumor promoting (tumorigenesis, angiogenesis, invasion and metastasis, and chemoresistance) and the tumor suppressive (apoptosis, autophagy, and necroptosis) functions of ROS, and highlights the potential mechanism(s) involved. It also sheds light on a very novel and an actively growing field of ROS-dependent cell death mechanism referred to as ferroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sehamuddin Galadari
- Cell Signaling Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, UAE University, P.O. Box 17666, Al Ain, Abu Dhabi, UAE; Al Jalila Foundation Research Centre, P.O. Box 300100, Dubai, UAE.
| | - Anees Rahman
- Cell Signaling Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, UAE University, P.O. Box 17666, Al Ain, Abu Dhabi, UAE.
| | - Siraj Pallichankandy
- Cell Signaling Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, UAE University, P.O. Box 17666, Al Ain, Abu Dhabi, UAE.
| | - Faisal Thayyullathil
- Cell Signaling Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, UAE University, P.O. Box 17666, Al Ain, Abu Dhabi, UAE.
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69
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Wu D, Chen X, Xu Y, Wang H, Yu G, Jiang L, Hong Q, Duan S. Prognostic value of MLH1 promoter methylation in male patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Oncol Lett 2017; 13:2745-2750. [PMID: 28454461 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.5759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2015] [Accepted: 01/06/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The DNA mismatch repair (MMR) gene MutL homolog 1 (MLH1) is critical for the maintenance of genomic integrity. Methylation of the MLH1 gene promoter was identified as a prognostic marker for numerous types of cancer including glioblastoma, colorectal, ovarian and gastric cancer. The present study aimed to determine whether MLH1 promoter methylation was associated with survival in male patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded ESCC tissues were collected from 87 male patients. MLH1 promoter methylation was assessed using the methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction approach. Kaplan-Meier survival curves and log-rank tests were used to evaluate the association between MLH1 promoter methylation and overall survival (OS) in patients with ESCC. Cox regression analysis was used to obtain crude and multivariate hazard ratios (HR), and 95% confidence intervals (CI). The present study revealed that MLH1 promoter methylation was observed in 53/87 (60.9%) of male patients with ESCC. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis demonstrated that MLH1 promoter hypermethylation was significantly associated with poorer prognosis in patients with ESCC (P=0.048). Multivariate survival analysis revealed that MLH1 promoter hypermethylation was an independent predictor of poor OS in male patients with ESCC (HR=1.716; 95% CI=1.008-2.921). Therefore, MLH1 promoter hypermethylation may be a predictor of prognosis in male patients with ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongping Wu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shaoxing People's Hospital, Shaoxing Hospital of Zhejiang University, Zhejiang 312000, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoying Chen
- Medical Genetics Center, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, P.R. China
| | - Yan Xu
- Medical Genetics Center, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, P.R. China
| | - Haiyong Wang
- Thoracic Surgery, Shaoxing People's Hospital, Shaoxing Hospital of Zhejiang University, Zhejiang 312000. P.R. China
| | - Guangmao Yu
- Thoracic Surgery, Shaoxing People's Hospital, Shaoxing Hospital of Zhejiang University, Zhejiang 312000. P.R. China
| | - Luping Jiang
- Medical Genetics Center, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, P.R. China
| | - Qingxiao Hong
- Medical Genetics Center, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, P.R. China
| | - Shiwei Duan
- Medical Genetics Center, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, P.R. China
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Shinohara KI, Yoda N, Takane K, Watanabe T, Fukuyo M, Fujiwara K, Kita K, Nagase H, Nemoto T, Kaneda A. Inhibition of DNA Methylation at the MLH1 Promoter Region Using Pyrrole-Imidazole Polyamide. ACS OMEGA 2016; 1:1164-1172. [PMID: 30023504 PMCID: PMC6044701 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.6b00229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Aberrant DNA methylation causes major epigenetic changes and has been implicated in cancer following the inactivation of tumor suppressor genes by hypermethylation of promoter CpG islands. Although methylated DNA regions can be randomly demethylated by 5-azacytidine and 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine, site-specific inhibition of DNA methylation, for example, in the promoter region of a specific gene, has yet to be technically achieved. Hairpin pyrrole (Py)-imidazole (Im) polyamides are small molecules that can be designed to recognize and bind to particular DNA sequences. In this study, we synthesized the hairpin polyamide MLH1_-16 (Py-Im-β-Im-Im-Py-γ-Im-Py-β-Im-Py-Py) to target a CpG site 16 bp upstream of the transcription start site of the human MLH1 gene. MLH1 is known to be frequently silenced by promoter hypermethylation, causing microsatellite instability and a hypermutation phenotype in cancer. We show that MLH1_-16 binds to the target site and that CpG methylation around the binding site is selectively inhibited in vitro. MLH1_non, which does not have a recognition site in the MLH1 promoter, neither binds to the sequence nor inhibits DNA methylation in the region. When MLH1_-16 was used to treat RKO human colorectal cancer cells in a remethylating system involving the MLH1 promoter under hypoxic conditions (1% O2), methylation of the MLH1 promoter was inhibited in the region surrounding the compound binding site. Silencing of the MLH1 expression was also inhibited. Promoter methylation and silencing of MLH1 were not inhibited when MLH1_non was added. These results indicate that Py-Im polyamides can act as sequence-specific antagonists of CpG methylation in living cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken-ichi Shinohara
- Department
of Molecular Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine and Department of
Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
- Institute
for Global and Prominent Research, Chiba
University, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - Natsumi Yoda
- Department
of Molecular Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine and Department of
Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Kiyoko Takane
- Department
of Molecular Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine and Department of
Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Takayoshi Watanabe
- Laboratory
of Cancer Genetics, Chiba Cancer Center
Research Institute, 666-2
Nitona, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8717, Japan
| | - Masaki Fukuyo
- Department
of Molecular Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine and Department of
Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Kyoko Fujiwara
- Innovative
Therapy Research Group, Nihon University
Research Institute of Medical Science, Nihon University School of
Medicine, 30-1 Ooyaguchi-kami, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan
| | - Kazuko Kita
- Department
of Molecular Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine and Department of
Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Hiroki Nagase
- Laboratory
of Cancer Genetics, Chiba Cancer Center
Research Institute, 666-2
Nitona, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8717, Japan
| | - Tetsuhiro Nemoto
- Department
of Molecular Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine and Department of
Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Atsushi Kaneda
- Department
of Molecular Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine and Department of
Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
- E-mail: . Phone: +81-43-226-2039. Fax: +81-43-226-2039 (A.K.)
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Hammerling U, Bergman Laurila J, Grafström R, Ilbäck NG. Consumption of Red/Processed Meat and Colorectal Carcinoma: Possible Mechanisms Underlying the Significant Association. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2016; 56:614-34. [PMID: 25849747 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2014.972498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiology and experimental studies provide an overwhelming support of the notion that diets high in red or processed meat accompany an elevated risk of developing pre-neoplastic colorectal adenoma and frank colorectal carcinoma (CRC). The underlying mechanisms are disputed; thus several hypotheses have been proposed. A large body of reports converges, however, on haem and nitrosyl haem as major contributors to the CRC development, presumably acting through various mechanisms. Apart from a potentially higher intestinal mutagenic load among consumers on a diet rich in red/processed meat, other mechanisms involving subtle interference with colorectal stem/progenitor cell survival or maturation are likewise at play. From an overarching perspective, suggested candidate mechanisms for red/processed meat-induced CRC appear as three partly overlapping tenets: (i) increased N-nitrosation/oxidative load leading to DNA adducts and lipid peroxidation in the intestinal epithelium, (ii) proliferative stimulation of the epithelium through haem or food-derived metabolites that either act directly or subsequent to conversion, and (iii) higher inflammatory response, which may trigger a wide cascade of pro-malignant processes. In this review, we summarize and discuss major findings of the area in the context of potentially pertinent mechanisms underlying the above-mentioned association between consumption of red/processed meat and increased risk of developing CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulf Hammerling
- a Cancer Pharmacology & Computational Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University and Uppsala Academic Hospital , Uppsala , Sweden
| | - Jonas Bergman Laurila
- b Sahlgrenska Biobank, Gothia Forum, Sahlgrenska University Hospital , Gothenburg , Sweden
| | - Roland Grafström
- c Institute of Environmental Medicine, The Karolinska Institute , Stockholm , Sweden.,d Knowledge Intensive Products and Services, VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland , Turku , Finland
| | - Nils-Gunnar Ilbäck
- e Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University and Uppsala Academic Hospital , Uppsala , Sweden
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Chen K, Zhang M, Chang YN, Xia L, Gu W, Qin Y, Li J, Cui S, Xing G. Utilizing Gold Nanoparticle Probes to Visually Detect DNA Methylation. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2016; 11:304. [PMID: 27325520 PMCID: PMC4916073 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-016-1487-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The surface plasmon resonance (SPR) effect endows gold nanoparticles (GNPs) with the ability to visualize biomolecules. In the present study, we designed and constructed a GNP probe to allow the semi-quantitative analysis of methylated tumor suppressor genes in cultured cells. To construct the probe, the GNP surfaces were coated with single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) by forming Au-S bonds. The ssDNA contains a thiolated 5'-end, a regulatory domain of 12 adenine nucleotides, and a functional domain with absolute pairing with methylated p16 sequence (Met-p16). The probe, paired with Met-p16, clearly changed the color of aggregating GNPs probe in 5 mol/L NaCl solution. Utilizing the probe, p16 gene methylation in HCT116 cells was semi-quantified. Further, the methylation of E-cadherin, p15, and p16 gene in Caco2, HepG2, and HCT116 cell lines were detected by the corresponding probes, constructed with three domains. This simple and cost-effective method was useful for the diagnosis of DNA methylation-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kui Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Science (CAS), Beijing, 100049, China
- School of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Mingyi Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Science (CAS), Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Ya-Nan Chang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Science (CAS), Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Lin Xia
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Science (CAS), Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Weihong Gu
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Science (CAS), Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yanxia Qin
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Science (CAS), Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Juan Li
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Science (CAS), Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Suxia Cui
- School of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing, 100048, China.
| | - Gengmei Xing
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Science (CAS), Beijing, 100049, China.
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73
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Xu Y, Liu Z, Wang T, Chen X, Deng J, Chen M, Li Z. Identification of differentially methylated regions (DMRs) of neuronatin in mice. SPRINGERPLUS 2016; 5:2018. [PMID: 27994995 PMCID: PMC5125312 DOI: 10.1186/s40064-016-3721-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuronatin (NNAT) is a paternal-inherited imprinted gene, first discovered in the rat neonatal brain, where it plays vital roles for neuronal growth, brain development, and metabolic regulation. The maternal imprint of NNAT has been identified in mice; however, the differentially methylated regions (DMRs) involved in the monoallelic expression of NNAT have not yet been investigated. RESULTS In this study, we confirmed expression of two isoforms of the NNAT (α and β) in the mice brain via quantitative RT-PCR. Additionally, the methylation profile of the CpG island located in the NNAT gene locus was determined in the mice liver, brain, sperm, and the MII oocyte via bisulfite sequencing PCR. CONCLUSION In summary, we provide the first evidence for tissue- and gamete-specific methylation patterns of CpG3 that are located on exon 1, to be putative DMR of NNAT in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxin Xu
- College of Animal Science, Jilin University, 5333#, Xi’an Road, Changchun, 130062 China
| | - Zhiquan Liu
- College of Animal Science, Jilin University, 5333#, Xi’an Road, Changchun, 130062 China
| | - Tiedong Wang
- College of Animal Science, Jilin University, 5333#, Xi’an Road, Changchun, 130062 China
| | - Xianju Chen
- College of Animal Science, Jilin University, 5333#, Xi’an Road, Changchun, 130062 China
| | - Jichao Deng
- College of Animal Science, Jilin University, 5333#, Xi’an Road, Changchun, 130062 China
| | - Mao Chen
- College of Animal Science, Jilin University, 5333#, Xi’an Road, Changchun, 130062 China
| | - Zhanjun Li
- College of Animal Science, Jilin University, 5333#, Xi’an Road, Changchun, 130062 China
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74
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Behrouz Sharif S, Hashemzadeh S, Mousavi Ardehaie R, Eftekharsadat A, Ghojazadeh M, Mehrtash AH, Estiar MA, Teimoori-Toolabi L, Sakhinia E. Detection of aberrant methylated SEPT9 and NTRK3 genes in sporadic colorectal cancer patients as a potential diagnostic biomarker. Oncol Lett 2016; 12:5335-5343. [PMID: 28105243 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2016.5327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2016] [Accepted: 08/26/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common malignancies, and the third leading cause of cancer mortality worldwide. Timely detection of CRC in patients with earlier stages provides the highest rate of survival. Epigenetic alterations are important in the occurrence and progression of CRC, and represent the primary modifications of cancer cells. Therefore, detection of these alterations in CRC cases are thought to hold great promise as diagnostic biomarkers. It has been shown that the SEPT9 and NTRK3 genes are aberrantly methylated and their detection can be used as biomarkers for early diagnosis of CRC. The present study analyzed promoter methylation status of these genes in CRC patients. Genomic DNA was extracted from 45 CRC and paired adjacent healthy tissues and undergone bisulfite conversion, and the methylation status of NTRK3 and SEPT9 were defined using the MS-HRM assay. Our results showed that there are statistically significant differences in methylation status of NTRK3 and specially SEPT9 between CRC and adjacent normal tissues (P<0.001). High sensitivity and specificity for a specific location in SEPT9 gene promoter as a diagnostic biomarker was observed. SEPT9 promoter hypermethylation may serve as a promising biomarker for the detection of CRC development. However, to validate the biomarker potential of NTRK3 there is a requirement for further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahin Behrouz Sharif
- Department of Biochemistry and Clinical Laboratory, Division of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 5165665811, Iran; Department of Molecular Medicine, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran 1316943551, Iran; Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 5166614731, Iran
| | - Shahriar Hashemzadeh
- Department of General & Vascular Surgery, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 5165665811, Iran; Tuberculosis and Lung Disease Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 5165665811, Iran
| | - Reza Mousavi Ardehaie
- Department of Biochemistry and Clinical Laboratory, Division of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 5165665811, Iran; Department of Molecular Medicine, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran 1316943551, Iran
| | - Amirtaher Eftekharsadat
- Department of Pathology, Imam Reza Hospital, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 5165665811, Iran
| | - Mortaza Ghojazadeh
- Liver and Gastrointestinal Disease Research Center and Department of General and Thoracic Surgery, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 5165665811, Iran
| | - Amir Hossein Mehrtash
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran 1316943551, Iran
| | - Mehrdad Asghari Estiar
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1471613151, Iran
| | | | - Ebrahim Sakhinia
- Department of Biochemistry and Clinical Laboratory, Division of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 5165665811, Iran; Tuberculosis and Lung Disease Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 5165665811, Iran
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75
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Ma S, Sun H, Li Y, Qi H, Zheng J. Discrimination between 5-Hydroxymethylcytosine and 5-Methylcytosine in DNA via Selective Electrogenerated Chemiluminescence (ECL) Labeling. Anal Chem 2016; 88:9934-9940. [PMID: 27620533 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b01265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
DNA methylation is used to dynamically reprogram cells in the course of early embryonic development in mammals. 5-Hydroxymethylcytosine in DNA (5-hmC-DNA) plays essential roles in the demethylation processes. 5-Methylcytosine in DNA (5-mC-DNA) is oxidized to 5-hmC-DNA by 10-11 translocation proteins, which are relatively high abundance in embryonic stem cells and neurons. A new method was developed herein to quantify 5-hmC-DNA based on selective electrogenerated chemiluminescence (ECL) labeling with the specific oxidation of 5-hmC to 5-fC by KRuO4. A thiolated capture probe (ssDNA, 35-mer) for the target DNA containing 5-hmC was self-assembled on a gold surface. The 5-hmC in the target DNA was selectively transformed to 5-fC via oxidation by KRuO4 and then subsequently labeled with N-(4-aminobutyl)-N-ethylisoluminol (ABEI). The ABEI-labeled target DNA was hybridized with the capture probe on the electrode, resulting in a strong ECL emission. An extremely low detection limit of 1.4 × 10-13 M was achieved for the detection of 5-hmC-DNA. In addition, this ECL method was useful for the quantification of 5-hmC in serum samples. This work demonstrates that selective 5-hmC oxidation in combination with an inherently sensitive ECL method is a promising tactic for 5-hmC biosensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shangxian Ma
- Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry of Shaanxi Province, Institute of Analytical Science, Northwest University , Xi'an, 710069, People's Republic of China
| | - Huiping Sun
- Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry of Shaanxi Province, Institute of Analytical Science, Northwest University , Xi'an, 710069, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Li
- Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry of Shaanxi Province, Institute of Analytical Science, Northwest University , Xi'an, 710069, People's Republic of China
| | - Honglan Qi
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University , Xi'an, 710062, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianbin Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry of Shaanxi Province, Institute of Analytical Science, Northwest University , Xi'an, 710069, People's Republic of China
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76
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Abe M, Yamashita S, Mori Y, Abe T, Saijo H, Hoshi K, Ushijima T, Takato T. High-risk oral leukoplakia is associated with aberrant promoter methylation of multiple genes. BMC Cancer 2016; 16:350. [PMID: 27255271 PMCID: PMC4891845 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-016-2371-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2015] [Accepted: 05/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Early detection of oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCCs) is urgently needed to improve the prognosis and quality of life (QOL) of patients. Oral leukoplakias (OLs), known as the most common premalignant lesions in the oral cavity, often precede OSCCs. Especially, OLs with dysplasia are known to have a high risk of malignant transformation. Here, we searched for the promoter methylation characteristic of high-risk OLs. Methods To identify methylation-silenced genes, a combined analysis of methylated DNA immunoprecipitation (MeDIP) − CpG island (CGI) microarray analysis and expression microarray analysis after treatment with a demethylating agent was performed in two OSCC cell lines (Ca9–22 and HSC-2). The methylation statuses of each gene were examined by methylation-specific PCR. Results A total of 52 genes were identified as candidates for methylation-silenced genes in Ca9-22 or HSC-2. The promoter regions of 13 genes among the 15 genes randomly selected for further analysis were confirmed to be methylated in one or more of five cell lines. In OSCC tissues (n = 26), 8 of the 13 genes, TSPYL5, EGFLAM, CLDN11, NKX2-3, RBP4, CMTM3, TRPC4, and MAP6, were methylated. In OL tissues (n = 24), seven of the eight genes, except for EGFLAM, were found to be methylated in their promoter regions. There were significantly greater numbers of methylated genes in OLs with dysplasia than in those without dysplasia (p < 0.0001). Conclusions OLs at high risk for malignant transformation were associated with aberrant promoter methylation of multiple genes. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12885-016-2371-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masanobu Abe
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Tokyo Hospital, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan. .,Division for Health Service Promotion, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Satoshi Yamashita
- Division of Epigenomics, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Mori
- Department of Dentistry, Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Takahiro Abe
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Tokyo Hospital, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Hideto Saijo
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Tokyo Hospital, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Kazuto Hoshi
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Tokyo Hospital, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Toshikazu Ushijima
- Division of Epigenomics, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Takato
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Tokyo Hospital, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
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77
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Honda S, Minato M, Suzuki H, Fujiyoshi M, Miyagi H, Haruta M, Kaneko Y, Hatanaka KC, Hiyama E, Kamijo T, Okada T, Taketomi A. Clinical prognostic value of DNA methylation in hepatoblastoma: Four novel tumor suppressor candidates. Cancer Sci 2016; 107:812-9. [PMID: 26991471 PMCID: PMC4968605 DOI: 10.1111/cas.12928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2015] [Revised: 03/04/2016] [Accepted: 03/08/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatoblastoma (HB) is very rare but the most common malignant neoplasm of the liver occurring in children. Despite improvements in therapy, outcomes for patients with advanced HB that is refractory to standard preoperative chemotherapy remain unsatisfactory. To improve the survival rate among this group, identification of novel prognostic markers and therapeutic targets is needed. We have previously reported that altered DNA methylation patterns are of biological and clinical importance in HB. In the present study, using genome‐wide methylation analysis and bisulfite pyrosequencing with specimens from HB tumors, we detected nine methylated genes. We then focused on four of those genes, GPR180,MST1R,OCIAD2, and PARP6, because they likely encode tumor suppressors and their increase of methylation was associated with a poor prognosis. The methylation status of the four genes was also associated with age at diagnosis, and significant association with the presence of metastatic tumors was seen in three of the four genes. Multivariate analysis revealed that the presence of metastatic tumors and increase of methylation of GPR180 were independent prognostic factors affecting event‐free survival. These findings indicate that the four novel tumor suppressor candidates are potentially useful molecular markers predictive of a poor outcome in HB patients, which may serve as the basis for improved therapeutic strategies when clinical trials are carried out.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shohei Honda
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery I, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Masashi Minato
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery I, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hiromu Suzuki
- Department of Molecular Biology, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Masato Fujiyoshi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery I, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hisayuki Miyagi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery I, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Masayuki Haruta
- Department of Cancer Diagnosis, Research Institute for Clinical Oncology, Saitama Cancer Center, Saitama, Japan
| | - Yasuhiko Kaneko
- Department of Cancer Diagnosis, Research Institute for Clinical Oncology, Saitama Cancer Center, Saitama, Japan
| | - Kanako C Hatanaka
- Department of Surgical Pathology, Hokkaido University Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Eiso Hiyama
- Japanese Study Group for Pediatric Liver Tumor, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Takehiko Kamijo
- Department of Cancer Diagnosis, Research Institute for Clinical Oncology, Saitama Cancer Center, Saitama, Japan
| | - Tadao Okada
- Faculty of Education, School Health Nursing, Hokkaido University of Education, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Akinobu Taketomi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery I, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
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78
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Yu GS, Lai CY, Xu Y, Bu CF, Su ZX. Aberrant Methylation of RASSF1A gene Contribute to the Risk of Renal Cell Carcinoma: a Meta-Analysis. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2016; 16:4665-9. [PMID: 26107221 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2015.16.11.4665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess the diagnostic value of RASSF1A methylation in renal cell carcinoma. Systematically search were performed using the Pubmed, ProQest and Web of Science for all articles on the association between RASSF1A methylation and renal cell carcinoma before 15 April 2015. After the filtration, 13 studies involving 677 cases and 497 controls met our criteria. Our meta-analysis suggested that hypermethylation of RASSF1A gene was associated with the increased risk of RCC(OR:4.14, 95%CI:1.06-16.1). Stratified analyses showed a similar risk in qualitative detection method(OR:28.4, 95%CI:10.2-79.6), body fluid sample(OR:12.8, 95%CI:5.35-30.8), and American(OR:10.5, 95%CI:1.97-55.9). Our result identified that RASSF1A methylation had a strong potential in prediction the risk of Renal cell carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gan-Shen Yu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of JINAN University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China E-mail :
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79
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Analysis of Helicobacter pylori genotypes in clinical gastric wash samples. Tumour Biol 2016; 37:10123-32. [PMID: 26825980 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-016-4886-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2015] [Accepted: 01/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori is a key factor in the development of gastric cancer; indeed, clearance of H. pylori helps prevent gastric cancer. However, the relationship between gastric cancer and the abundance and diversity of H. pylori genotypes in the stomach remains unknown. Here, we present, for the first time, a quantitative analysis of H. pylori genotypes in gastric washes. A method was first developed to assess diversity and abundance by pyrosequencing and analysis of single nucleotide polymorphisms in 23S ribosomal RNA (rRNA), a gene associated with clarithromycin resistance. This method was then validated using arbitrarily mixed plasmids carrying 23S rRNA with single nucleotide polymorphisms. Multiple strains were detected in many of 34 clinical samples, with frequency 24.3 ± 24.2 and 26.3 ± 33.8 % for the A2143G and A2144G strains, respectively. Importantly, results obtained from gastric washes were similar to those obtained from biopsy samples. The method provides opportunities to investigate drug resistance in H. pylori and assess potential biomarkers of gastric cancer risk, and should thus be validated in large-scale clinical trials.
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80
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Schenkel LC, Rodenhiser DI, Ainsworth PJ, Paré G, Sadikovic B. DNA methylation analysis in constitutional disorders: Clinical implications of the epigenome. Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci 2016; 53:147-65. [PMID: 26758403 DOI: 10.3109/10408363.2015.1113496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Genomic, chromosomal, and gene-specific changes in the DNA sequence underpin both phenotypic variations in populations as well as disease associations, and the application of genomic technologies for the identification of constitutional (inherited) or somatic (acquired) alterations in DNA sequence forms a cornerstone of clinical and molecular genetics. In addition to the disruption of primary DNA sequence, the modulation of DNA function by epigenetic phenomena, in particular by DNA methylation, has long been known to play a role in the regulation of gene expression and consequent pathogenesis. However, these epigenetic factors have been identified only in a handful of pediatric conditions, including imprinting disorders. Technological advances in the past decade that have revolutionized clinical genomics are now rapidly being applied to the emerging discipline of clinical epigenomics. Here, we present an overview of epigenetic mechanisms with a focus on DNA modifications, including the molecular mechanisms of DNA methylation and subtypes of DNA modifications, and we describe the classic and emerging genomic technologies that are being applied to this study. This review focuses primarily on constitutional epigenomic conditions associated with a spectrum of developmental and intellectual disabilities. Epigenomic disorders are discussed in the context of global genomic disorders, imprinting disorders, and single gene disorders. We include a section focused on integration of genetic and epigenetic mechanisms together with their effect on clinical phenotypes. Finally, we summarize emerging epigenomic technologies and their impact on diagnostic aspects of constitutional genetic and epigenetic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - David I Rodenhiser
- b Departments of Biochemistry , Oncology and Paediatrics, Western University , London , ON , Canada .,c London Regional Cancer Program, London Health Sciences Centre , London , ON , Canada .,e Children's Health Research Institute , London , ON , Canada
| | - Peter J Ainsworth
- a Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine .,b Departments of Biochemistry , Oncology and Paediatrics, Western University , London , ON , Canada .,c London Regional Cancer Program, London Health Sciences Centre , London , ON , Canada .,d Molecular Genetics Laboratory, London Health Sciences Centre , London , ON , Canada .,e Children's Health Research Institute , London , ON , Canada
| | - Guillaume Paré
- f Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine , and.,g Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics , McMaster University , Hamilton , ON , Canada
| | - Bekim Sadikovic
- a Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine .,c London Regional Cancer Program, London Health Sciences Centre , London , ON , Canada .,d Molecular Genetics Laboratory, London Health Sciences Centre , London , ON , Canada .,e Children's Health Research Institute , London , ON , Canada
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81
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Kishino T, Niwa T, Yamashita S, Takahashi T, Nakazato H, Nakajima T, Igaki H, Tachimori Y, Suzuki Y, Ushijima T. Integrated analysis of DNA methylation and mutations in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Mol Carcinog 2016; 55:2077-2088. [PMID: 26756304 DOI: 10.1002/mc.22452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2015] [Revised: 12/01/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The recent development of next-generation sequencing technology for extensive mutation analysis, and beadarray technology for genome-wide DNA methylation analysis has made it possible to obtain integrated pictures of genetic and epigenetic alterations, using the same cancer samples. In this study, we aimed to characterize such a picture in esophageal squamous cell carcinomas (ESCCs). Base substitutions of 55 cancer-related genes and copy number alterations (CNAs) of 28 cancer-related genes were analyzed by targeted sequencing. Forty-four of 57 ESCCs (77%) had 64 non-synonymous somatic mutations, and 24 ESCCs (42%) had 35 CNAs. A genome-wide DNA methylation analysis using an Infinium HumanMethylation450 BeadChip array showed that the CpG island methylator phenotype was unlikely to be present in ESCCs, a different situation from gastric and colon cancers. Regarding individual pathways affected in ESCCs, the WNT pathway was activated potentially by aberrant methylation of its negative regulators, such as SFRP1, SFRP2, SFRP4, SFRP5, SOX17, and WIF1 (33%). The p53 pathway was inactivated by TP53 mutations (70%), and potentially by aberrant methylation of its downstream genes. The cell cycle was deregulated by mutations of CDKN2A (9%), deletions of CDKN2A and RB1 (32%), and by aberrant methylation of CDKN2A and CHFR (9%). In conclusion, ESCCs had unique methylation profiles different from gastric and colon cancers. The genes involved in the WNT pathway were affected mainly by epigenetic alterations, and those involved in the p53 pathway and cell cycle regulation were affected mainly by genetic alterations. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayoshi Kishino
- Division of Epigenomics, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan.,Division of Esophageal Surgery, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Kagawa University, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Tohru Niwa
- Division of Epigenomics, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Yamashita
- Division of Epigenomics, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takamasa Takahashi
- Division of Epigenomics, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan.,Division of Esophageal Surgery, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hidetsugu Nakazato
- Division of Epigenomics, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan.,Division of Esophageal Surgery, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takeshi Nakajima
- Division of Endoscopy, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroyasu Igaki
- Division of Esophageal Surgery, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuji Tachimori
- Division of Esophageal Surgery, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Suzuki
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Kagawa University, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Toshikazu Ushijima
- Division of Epigenomics, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
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82
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Sakai E, Fukuyo M, Ohata K, Matsusaka K, Doi N, Mano Y, Takane K, Abe H, Yagi K, Matsuhashi N, Fukushima J, Fukayama M, Akagi K, Aburatani H, Nakajima A, Kaneda A. Genetic and epigenetic aberrations occurring in colorectal tumors associated with serrated pathway. Int J Cancer 2015; 138:1634-44. [PMID: 26510091 PMCID: PMC4737347 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.29903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2015] [Accepted: 10/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
To clarify molecular alterations in serrated pathway of colorectal cancer (CRC), we performed epigenetic and genetic analyses in sessile serrated adenoma/polyps (SSA/P), traditional serrated adenomas (TSAs) and high-methylation CRC. The methylation levels of six Group-1 and 14 Group-2 markers, established in our previous studies, were analyzed quantitatively using pyrosequencing. Subsequently, we performed targeted exon sequencing analyses of 126 candidate driver genes and examined molecular alterations that are associated with cancer development. SSA/P showed high methylation levels of both Group-1 and Group-2 markers, frequent BRAF mutation and occurrence in proximal colon, which were features of high-methylation CRC. But TSA showed low-methylation levels of Group-1 markers, less frequent BRAF mutation and occurrence at distal colon. SSA/P, but not TSA, is thus considered to be precursor of high-methylation CRC. High-methylation CRC had even higher methylation levels of some genes, e.g., MLH1, than SSA/P, and significant frequency of somatic mutations in nonsynonymous mutations (p < 0.0001) and insertion/deletions (p = 0.002). MLH1-methylated SSA/P showed lower methylation level of MLH1 compared with high-methylation CRC, and rarely accompanied silencing of MLH1 expression. The mutation frequencies were not different between MLH1-methylated and MLH1-unmethylated SSA/P, suggesting that MLH1 methylation might be insufficient in SSA/P to acquire a hypermutation phenotype. Mutations of mismatch repair genes, e.g., MSH3 and MSH6, and genes in PI3K, WNT, TGF-β and BMP signaling (but not in TP53 signaling) were significantly involved in high-methylation CRC compared with adenoma, suggesting importance of abrogation of these genes in serrated pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eiji Sakai
- Department of Gastroenterology, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan.,Department of Molecular Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Masaki Fukuyo
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Ken Ohata
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kanto Medical Center, NTT East, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keisuke Matsusaka
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Noriteru Doi
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Kanto Medical Center, NTT East, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasunobu Mano
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kiyoko Takane
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Abe
- Department of Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koichi Yagi
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Matsuhashi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kanto Medical Center, NTT East, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Junichi Fukushima
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Kanto Medical Center, NTT East, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masashi Fukayama
- Department of Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kiwamu Akagi
- Division of Molecular Diagnosis and Cancer Prevention, Saitama Cancer Center, Saitama, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Aburatani
- Genome Science Division, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsushi Nakajima
- Department of Gastroenterology, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Atsushi Kaneda
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan.,CREST, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Tokyo, Japan
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Yoon HY, Kim YJ, Kim JS, Kim YW, Kang HW, Kim WT, Yun SJ, Ryu KH, Lee SC, Kim WJ. RSPH9 methylation pattern as a prognostic indicator in patients with non-muscle invasive bladder cancer. Oncol Rep 2015; 35:1195-203. [PMID: 26575865 DOI: 10.3892/or.2015.4409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2015] [Accepted: 10/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA methylation is a frequent and early epigenetic event with potential application as a biomarker for cancer detection and an indicator of disease evolution. The aim of the present study was to identify novel methylation markers for the prediction of patient outcomes using microarray analysis of DNA methylation in samples from long-term follow-up patients with non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC). Candidate methylation markers were selected from our previously published genome-wide methylation profiles. The clinical relevance of candidate methylation markers was determined by quantitative pyrosequencing analysis of 136 human bladder specimens (8 normal controls and 128 NMIBCs). The reversibility of DNA methylation was examined by 5-Aza-CdR treatment in human bladder cancer cell lines. The methylation patterns of candidate markers were significantly associated with aggressive clinicopathological features. In multivariate regression analysis, hypermethylation of radial spoke head 9 homolog (RSPH9) was an independent predictor of disease recurrence (hazard ratio, 3.02; P=0.001) and progression (hazard ratio, 8.25; P=0.028). The methylation level of RSPH9 decreased with 5-Aza-CdR treatment and progressively increased in its absence in bladder cancer cell lines. RSPH9 methylation is an independent prognostic indicator in NMIBC patients, and could be of value for the assessment of disease recurrence and progression and for clinical decision-making regarding treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyung-Yoon Yoon
- Advanced Technology Korea, Cheongju 28637, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-June Kim
- Department of Urology, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Sang Kim
- Department of Urology, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Won Kim
- Department of Urology, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho Won Kang
- Department of Urology, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Tae Kim
- Department of Urology, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok-Joong Yun
- Department of Urology, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Keun Ho Ryu
- Database/Bioinformatics Laboratory, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Cheol Lee
- Department of Urology, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Wun-Jae Kim
- Department of Urology, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea
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84
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Tang JT, Wang ZH, Fang JY. Assessing the potential value of long interspersed element-1 hypomethylation in colorectal cancer: evidence from retrospective studies. Onco Targets Ther 2015; 8:3265-76. [PMID: 26604793 PMCID: PMC4640227 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s91941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Long interspersed element-1 (LINE-1) hypomethylation may play an important role in colorectal cancer (CRC). Studies were identified that investigated LINE-1 methylation levels in CRC compared with normal controls. METHODS The random-effects model was used to estimate standardized mean difference with 95% confidence intervals according to the heterogeneity between the studies. We explored the relationship between LINE-1 hypomethylation and microsatellite instability (MSI) status, clinical features, and molecular features in CRC patients using a fixed-effects model. RESULTS A total of 7396 CRC patients were included in the meta-analysis. LINE-1 methylation was significantly lower in CRC patients than in controls (P=0.000). Mean LINE-1 methylation was significantly lower in non-MSI-high than in MSI-high tumors (P=0.000). LINE-1 hypomethylation was found more frequently in patients with a family history compared with those without family history (P=0.002). Patients with left colon cancer had lower LINE-1 methylation than those with right colon cancer (P=0.001). LINE-1 methylation was not associated with body mass index or patient sex. LINE-1 hypomethylation was found in p21 lost tumors (P=0.000). LINE-1 methylation levels were not associated with KRAS or PIK3CA-mutation status. CONCLUSION LINE-1 hypomethylation is a potential biomarker for risk of CRC and associated with various clinical and molecular features of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie-Ting Tang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China ; Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen-Hua Wang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China ; Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing-Yuan Fang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China ; Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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85
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Sun Y, Sahbaie P, Liang D, Li W, Shi X, Kingery P, Clark JD. DNA Methylation Modulates Nociceptive Sensitization after Incision. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0142046. [PMID: 26535894 PMCID: PMC4633178 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0142046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Accepted: 10/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA methylation is a key epigenetic mechanism controlling DNA accessibility and gene expression. Blockade of DNA methylation can significantly affect pain behaviors implicated in neuropathic and inflammatory pain. However, the role of DNA methylation with regard to postoperative pain has not yet been explored. In this study we sought to investigate the role of DNA methylation in modulating incisional pain and identify possible targets under DNA methylation and contributing to incisional pain. DNA methyltranferase (DNMT) inhibitor 5-Aza-2′-deoxycytidine significantly reduced incision-induced mechanical allodynia and thermal sensitivity. Aza-2′-deoxycytidine also reduced hindpaw swelling after incision, suggesting an anti-inflammatory effect. Global DNA methylation and DNMT3b expression were increased in skin after incision, but none of DNMT1, DNMT3a or DNMT3b was altered in spinal cord or DRG. The expression of proopiomelanocortin Pomc encoding β-endorphin and Oprm1 encoding the mu-opioid receptor were upregulated peripherally after incision; moreover, Oprm1 expression was further increased under DNMT inhibitor treatment. Finally, local peripheral injection of the opioid receptor antagonist naloxone significantly exacerbated incision-induced mechanical hypersensitivity. These results suggest that DNA methylation is functionally relevant to incisional nociceptive sensitization, and that mu-opioid receptor signaling might be one methylation regulated pathway controlling sensitization after incision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Sun
- Department of Anesthesiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
- Department of Anesthesiology, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California, United States of America
| | - Peyman Sahbaie
- Department of Anesthesiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
- Department of Anesthesiology, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California, United States of America
| | - DeYong Liang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
- Department of Anesthesiology, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California, United States of America
| | - Wenwu Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Xiaoyou Shi
- Department of Anesthesiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Paige Kingery
- Department of Anesthesiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
- Department of Anesthesiology, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California, United States of America
| | - J. David Clark
- Department of Anesthesiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
- Department of Anesthesiology, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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86
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Ghantous A, Hernandez-Vargas H, Byrnes G, Dwyer T, Herceg Z. Characterising the epigenome as a key component of the fetal exposome in evaluating in utero exposures and childhood cancer risk. Mutagenesis 2015; 30:733-42. [PMID: 25724893 PMCID: PMC4757935 DOI: 10.1093/mutage/gev010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in laboratory sciences hold a promise for a 'leap forward' in understanding the aetiology of complex human diseases, notably cancer, potentially providing an evidence base for prevention. For example, remarkable advances in epigenomics have an important impact on our understanding of biological phenomena and importance of environmental stressors in complex diseases. Environmental and lifestyle factors are thought to be implicated in the development of a wide range of human cancers by eliciting changes in the epigenome. These changes, thus, represent attractive targets for biomarker discovery intended for the improvement of exposure and risk assessment, diagnosis and prognosis and provision of short-term outcomes in intervention studies. The epigenome can be viewed as an interface between the genome and the environment; therefore, aberrant epigenetic events associated with environmental exposures are likely to play an important role in the onset and progression of different human diseases. The advent of powerful technologies for analysing epigenetic patterns in both cancer tissues and normal cells holds promise that the next few years will be fundamental for the identification of critical cancer- and exposure-associated epigenetic changes and for their evaluation as new generation of biomarkers. Here, we discuss new opportunities in the current age of 'omics' technologies for studies with prospective design and associated biospecimens that represent exciting potential for characterising the epigenome as a key component of the fetal exposome and for understanding causal pathways and robust predictors of cancer risk and associated environmental determinants during in utero life. Such studies should improve our knowledge concerning the aetiology of childhood cancer and identify both novel biomarkers and clues to causation, thus, providing an evidence base for cancer prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akram Ghantous
- Epigenetics and
- Biostatistics Groups, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), 150 rue Albert-Thomas, F-69008 Lyon, France
- The George Institute for Global Health and Nuffield Department of Population Health, Oxford Martin School | University of Oxford, 34 Broad Street Oxford OX1 3BD, UK
| | - Hector Hernandez-Vargas
- Epigenetics and
- Biostatistics Groups, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), 150 rue Albert-Thomas, F-69008 Lyon, France
- The George Institute for Global Health and Nuffield Department of Population Health, Oxford Martin School | University of Oxford, 34 Broad Street Oxford OX1 3BD, UK
| | - Graham Byrnes
- Biostatistics Groups, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), 150 rue Albert-Thomas, F-69008 Lyon, France
| | - Terence Dwyer
- The George Institute for Global Health and Nuffield Department of Population Health, Oxford Martin School | University of Oxford, 34 Broad Street Oxford OX1 3BD, UK
| | - Zdenko Herceg
- *To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel: +33-4-72 73 83 98; Fax: +33-4-72 73 83 29; E-mail:
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87
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Bonin CA, Lewallen EA, Baheti S, Bradley EW, Stuart MJ, Berry DJ, van Wijnen AJ, Westendorf JJ. Identification of differentially methylated regions in new genes associated with knee osteoarthritis. Gene 2015; 576:312-8. [PMID: 26484395 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2015.10.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2015] [Accepted: 10/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Epigenetic changes in articular chondrocytes are associated with osteoarthritis (OA) disease progression. Numerous studies have identified differentially methylated cytosines in OA tissues; however, the consequences of altered CpG methylation at single nucleotides on gene expression and phenotypes are difficult to predict. With the objective of detecting novel genes relevant to OA, we conducted a genome-wide assessment of differentially methylated sites (DMSs) and differentially methylated regions (DMRs). DNA was extracted from visually damaged and normal appearing, non-damaged human knee articular cartilage from the same joint and then subjected to reduced representation bisulfite sequencing. DMRs were identified using a genome-wide systematic bioinformatics approach. A sliding-window of 500 bp was used for screening the genome for regions with clusters of DMSs. Gene expression levels were assessed and cell culture demethylation experiments were performed to further examine top candidate genes associated with damaged articular cartilage. More than 1000 DMRs were detected in damaged osteoarthritic cartilage. Nineteen of these contained five or more DMSs and were located in gene promoters or first introns and exons. Gene expression assessment revealed that hypermethylated DMRs in damaged samples were more consistently associated with gene repression than hypomethylated DMRs were with gene activation. Accordingly, a demethylation agent induced expression of most hypermethylated genes in chondrocytes. Our study revealed the utility of a systematic DMR search as an alternative to focusing on single nucleotide data. In particular, this approach uncovered promising candidates for functional studies such as the hypermethylated protein-coding genes FOXP4 and SHROOM1, which appear to be linked to OA pathology in humans and warrant further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina A Bonin
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Eric A Lewallen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Saurabh Baheti
- Department of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Rochester, MN, United States
| | | | - Michael J Stuart
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Daniel J Berry
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Andre J van Wijnen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States; Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Jennifer J Westendorf
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States; Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States.
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88
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Sarabi MM, Naghibalhossaini F. Association of DNA methyltransferases expression with global and gene-specific DNA methylation in colorectal cancer cells. Cell Biochem Funct 2015; 33:427-33. [PMID: 26416384 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2015] [Revised: 06/24/2015] [Accepted: 06/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
There are conflicting reports regarding the association between DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs) expression and global or gene-specific DNA methylation in colorectal cancer (CRC) cells. To correlate DNMTs expression with DNA methylation, we quantified DNMT1, DNMT3A and DNMT3B mRNA levels in five CRC cell lines (HCT116, LS180, HT29/219, Caco2 and SW742) by real-time reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay. In addition, we examined the global 5-methyl cytosine levels and the methylation patterns of 12 CpG islands in these CRC cells by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and methylation-specific PCR methods, respectively. The average expression levels of three DNMTs in HCT116, Caco2, HT29/219 and SW742, relative to the expression level in LS180 (taken to be 1), were 90.1, 31.6, 2.66 and 1.86. Our data indicated that overall about 1.45%, 1.03%, 0.98%, 0.86% and 0.85% of the cytosines were methylated in the genome of HCT116, Caco2, HT29/219, SW742 and LS180 cells, respectively. The 5-mC percentages were positively correlated with the relative cellular DNMTs expression in five CRC cell lines as verified by Pearson correlation test. However, we found no positive correlation between mRNA expression of DNMTs and gene promoter hypermethylation in these cells. Our results suggest that cellular DNMT expression is positively correlated with global DNA methylation level but not with regional DNA hypermethylation at each locus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa Moradi Sarabi
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Fakhraddin Naghibalhossaini
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Autoimmune Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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89
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Abstract
Cancer arises through the accumulation of both genetic and epigenetic alterations. Although the causal role of genetic mutations on cancer development has been established in vivo, similar evidence for epigenetic alterations is limited. Moreover, mutual interactions between genetic mutations and epigenetic alterations remain unclear. Cellular reprogramming technology can be used to actively modify the epigenome without affecting the underlying genomic sequences. Here we introduce recent studies that have utilized this property for cancer research. We propose that just as it has potential for regenerative medicine and disease modeling, cell reprogramming could also be a powerful tool for dissecting the role of the cancer epigenome in the development and maintenance of cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsunori Semi
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Oncology, Department of Life Science Frontiers, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.,Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Yamada
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Oncology, Department of Life Science Frontiers, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.,Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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90
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Abstract
DNA methylation plays a significant role in gastric carcinogenesis. The CpG island methylator phenotype (CIMP) characterizes distinct subtypes of gastric cancer (GC) and the relationship between specific methylation patterns and clinicopathological features has been evaluated. Altered DNA methylation is also observed in Helicobacter pylori-infected gastric mucosa, and its potential utility for GC risk estimation has been suggested. The ability to detect small amounts of methylated DNA among tissues allows us to use DNA methylation as a molecular biomarker in GC in a variety of samples, including serum, plasma and gastric washes. The DNA methylation status of nontargeted tissue, particularly blood, has been associated with predisposition to GC. We focus on the recent development of DNA methylation-based biomarkers in GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomomitsu Tahara
- Department of Gastroenterology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, 1-98 Dengakugakubo Kutsukake-cho, Toyoake, Aichi, 470-1192, Japan
| | - Tomiyasu Arisawa
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan
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91
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Li Y, Pan P, Qiao P, Liu R. Downregulation of N-myc downstream regulated gene 1 caused by the methylation of CpG islands of NDRG1 promoter promotes proliferation and invasion of prostate cancer cells. Int J Oncol 2015. [PMID: 26202882 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2015.3086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Current studies tend to consider N-myc downstream regulated gene 1 (NDRG1) as a tumor suppressor gene, inhibiting cell proliferation and invasion. NDRG1 expression in cancer cells is generally low, but the molecular mechanism is unclear. Aberrant methylation of CpG islands (CGIs) in gene promoter was able to inactivate tumor suppressor genes and activate oncogenes, disordering cell proliferation and apoptosis, playing a promotion role in tumor occurrence and progression. The present study was performed to investigate the effect of epigenetic modification of NDRG1 on prostate cancer (PCa) cells. The protein expression in human specimens was measured by immunohistochemical staining. The expression level of NDRG1 was changed by plasmid vectors in PCa cells. These cells were used to study proliferation and invasiveness. NDRG1 expression in normal prostate cells was higher than that in PCa cells. Downregulation of NDRG1 expression enhanced cell proliferation and invasiveness. In contrast, its upregulation could reduce cell proliferation and invasiveness. In PCa cells, the methylation rate of CGIs in the promoter region of NDRG1 was higher than that in normal prostate cells. 5-Aza-CdR, a methylation inhibitor, was able to effectively reverse the aberrant methylation of NDRG1, enhancing its expression, inhibiting cell growth. NDRG1 can inhibit the cell proliferation and invasion of PCa, but its expression level is low. The aberrant methylation of NDRG1 promoter is an important mechanism for gene silencing, playing an important role in tumor occurrence and progression. Therefore, reversing the aberrant methylation of NDRG1 may be used for PCa treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yalin Li
- Department of Urology, Tianjin Institute of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300211, P.R. China
| | - Pan Pan
- Department of Urology, Tianjin Institute of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300211, P.R. China
| | - Pengfei Qiao
- Department of Urology, Tianjin Institute of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300211, P.R. China
| | - Ranlu Liu
- Department of Urology, Tianjin Institute of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300211, P.R. China
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92
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Dynamic changes of DNA epigenetic marks in mouse oocytes during natural and accelerated aging. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2015; 67:121-7. [PMID: 25982203 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2015.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2015] [Revised: 05/05/2015] [Accepted: 05/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Aging is a complex time-dependent biological process that takes place in every cell and organ, eventually leading to degenerative changes that affect normal biological functions. In the past decades, the number of older parents has increased significantly. While it is widely recognized that oocyte aging poses higher birth and reproductive risk, the exact molecular mechanisms remain largely elusive. DNA methylation of 5-cytosine (5mC) and histone modifications are among the key epigenetic mechanisms involved in critical developmental processes and have been linked to aging. However, the impact of oocyte aging on DNA demethylation pathways has not been examined. The recent discovery of Ten-Eleven-Translocation (TET) family proteins, thymine DNA glycosylase (TDG) and the demethylation intermediates 5hmC, 5fC and 5caC has provided novel clues to delineate the molecular mechanisms in DNA demethylation. In this study, we examined the cellular level of modified cytosines (5mC, 5hmC, 5fC and 5caC) and Tet/Tdg expression in oocytes obtained from natural and accelerated oocyte aging conditions. Here we show all the DNA demethylation marks are dynamically regulated in both aging conditions, which are associated with Tet3 over-expression and Tdg repression. Such an aberrant expression pattern was more profound in accelerated aging condition. The results suggest that DNA demethylation may be actively involved in oocyte aging and have implications for development of potential drug targets to rejuvenate aging oocytes. This article is part of a Directed Issue entitled: Epigenetics dynamics in development and disease.
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93
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Clinical Implications and Prognostic Values of Prostate Cancer Susceptibility Candidate Methylation in Primary Nonmuscle Invasive Bladder Cancer. DISEASE MARKERS 2015; 2015:402963. [PMID: 26074659 PMCID: PMC4444592 DOI: 10.1155/2015/402963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2014] [Accepted: 03/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
DNA methylation is the most common and well-characterized epigenetic change in human cancer. Recently, an association between prostate cancer susceptibility candidate (PRAC) methylation and genitourinary cancer was proposed. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the association between PRAC methylation status and clinicopathological parameters and prognosis in long-term follow-up primary nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC). The clinical relevance of PRAC methylation was determined in 136 human bladder specimens (eight normal controls [NCs] and 128 primary NMIBCs) using quantitative pyrosequencing analysis. PRAC methylation was significantly higher in NMIBC patients than in NCs and was significantly associated with higher grade and more advanced stage of cancer. Kaplan-Meier estimates revealed significant difference in tumor recurrence and progression according to PRAC methylation status (both p < 0.05). Multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed that the PRAC methylation status was a strong predictor of recurrence (hazard ratio [HR], 2.652; p = 0.012) and progression (HR, 9.531; p = 0.035) of NMIBC. Enhanced methylation status of PRAC was positively associated with a high rate of recurrence and progression in NMIBC patients, suggesting that PRAC methylation may be a promising prognostic marker of NMIBC.
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94
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Methylated DLX4 Predicts Response to Pathologic Stage I Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Resection. Ann Thorac Surg 2015; 99:1746-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2014.12.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2014] [Revised: 12/05/2014] [Accepted: 12/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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95
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Epigenetic regulation of the novel tumor suppressor cysteine dioxygenase 1 in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Tumour Biol 2015; 36:7449-56. [PMID: 25903467 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-3443-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2015] [Accepted: 04/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), the most common subtype of esophageal cancer in East Asian countries, is still associated with a poor prognosis because of the high frequency of lymph node metastasis and invasion. In our previous study, we identified a novel methylation gene, cysteine dioxygenase 1 (CDO1) that is involved in the conversion of cysteine to cysteine sulfinate, and plays a key role in taurine biosynthesis. Decreased expression of CDO1 was observed in ESCC cell lines and tumors derived from patient tissues, and CDO1 silencing could be reversed by treatment with 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine in six ESCC cell lines. Forced expression of CDO1 in three different ESCC cell lines, TE-4, TE-6, and TE-14, significantly decreased tumor cell growth, cell migration, invasion, and the ability of colony formation. Although CDO1 expression was not found to significantly correlate with survival in ESCC patients, our results suggest that methylation-regulated CDO1 may represent a functional tumor suppressor and a potentially valuable diagnostic biomarker for ESCC.
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96
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Prognostic value of hepatoma-derived growth factor-related protein 3 (HRP-3) methylation in non-small cell lung cancer. Genes Genomics 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s13258-015-0277-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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97
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Yamaguchi T, Mukai H, Yamashita S, Fujii S, Ushijima T. Comprehensive DNA Methylation and Extensive Mutation Analyses of HER2-Positive Breast Cancer. Oncology 2015; 88:377-84. [DOI: 10.1159/000369904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2014] [Accepted: 11/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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98
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Yoda Y, Takeshima H, Niwa T, Kim JG, Ando T, Kushima R, Sugiyama T, Katai H, Noshiro H, Ushijima T. Integrated analysis of cancer-related pathways affected by genetic and epigenetic alterations in gastric cancer. Gastric Cancer 2015; 18:65-76. [PMID: 24510342 DOI: 10.1007/s10120-014-0348-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2013] [Accepted: 01/18/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The profiles of genetic and epigenetic alterations in cancer-related pathways are considered to be useful for selection of patients likely to respond to specific drugs, including molecular-targeted and epigenetic drugs. In this study, we aimed to characterize such profiles in gastric cancers (GCs). METHODS Genetic alterations of 55 cancer-related genes were analyzed by a benchtop next-generation sequencer. DNA methylation statuses were analyzed by a bead array with 485,512 probes. RESULTS The WNT pathway was activated by mutations of CTNNB1 in 2 GCs and potentially by aberrant methylation of its negative regulators, such as DKK3, NKD1, and SFRP1, in 49 GCs. The AKT/mTOR pathway was activated by mutations of PIK3CA and PTPN11 in 4 GCs. The MAPK pathway was activated by mutations and gene amplifications of ERBB2, FLT3, and KRAS in 11 GCs. Cell-cycle regulation was affected by aberrant methylation of CDKN2A and CHFR in 13 GCs. Mismatch repair was affected by a mutation of MLH1 in 1 GC and by aberrant methylation of MLH1 in 2 GCs. The p53 pathway was inactivated by mutations of TP53 in 19 GCs and potentially by aberrant methylation of its downstream genes in 38 GCs. Cell adhesion was affected by mutations of CDH1 in 2 GCs. CONCLUSIONS Genes involved in cancer-related pathways were more frequently affected by epigenetic alterations than by genetic alterations. The profiles of genetic and epigenetic alterations are expected to be useful for selection of the patients who are likely to benefit from specific drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukie Yoda
- Division of Epigenomics, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
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99
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Lidocaine sensitizes the cytotoxicity of cisplatin in breast cancer cells via up-regulation of RARβ2 and RASSF1A demethylation. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:23519-36. [PMID: 25526566 PMCID: PMC4284778 DOI: 10.3390/ijms151223519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2014] [Revised: 11/26/2014] [Accepted: 12/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been reported that lidocaine is toxic to various types of cells. And a recent study has confirmed that lidocaine exerts a demethylation effect and regulates the proliferation of human breast cancer cell lines. To recognize a potential anti-tumor effect of lidocaine, we evaluated the DNA demethylation by lidocaine in human breast cancer lines, MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells, and determined the influence of demethylation on the toxicity to these cells of cisplatin, which is a commonly utilized anti-tumor agent for breast cancer. Results demonstrated that lidocaine promoted a significant global genomic demethylation, and particularly in the promoters of tumor suppressive genes (TSGs), RARβ2 and RASSF1A. Further, the lidocaine treatment increased cisplatin-induced apoptosis and enhanced cisplatin-induced cytotoxicity. The combined treatment with both lidocaine and cisplatin promoted a significantly higher level of MCF-7 cell apoptosis than singular lidocaine or cisplatin treatment. Moreover, the abrogation of RARβ2 or RASSF1A expression inhibited such apoptosis. In conclusion, the present study confirms the demethylation effect of lidocaine in breast cancer cells, and found that the demethylation of RARβ2 and RASSF1A sensitized the cytotoxicity of cisplatin in breast cancer cells.
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100
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Antony P, Rose M, Heidenreich A, Knüchel R, Gaisa NT, Dahl E. Epigenetic inactivation of ST6GAL1 in human bladder cancer. BMC Cancer 2014; 14:901. [PMID: 25465919 PMCID: PMC4265431 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-14-901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2014] [Accepted: 11/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Posttranslational protein modifications are known to modulate key biological processes like proliferation and apoptosis. Accumulating evidence shows that ST6GAL1, an enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of sialic acid onto galactose-containing substrates, is aberrantly expressed in various cancers and may affect cell motility and invasion. This is the first study to describe ST6GAL1 expression and regulation in human bladder cancer. Methods ST6GAL1 mRNA expression levels in human cell lines (UROtsa, RT4, RT112 and J82) and tissue samples (n = 15 normal urothelium (NU), n = 13 papillary non-invasive tumors (pTa), n = 12 carcinoma in situ (CIS), n = 26 muscle invasive tumors (pT2-4)) were assessed using real-time PCR. In addition, ST6GAL1 protein expression was evaluated using immunohistochemistry. Promoter methylation analysis was performed using methylation-specific PCR (MSP) in cell lines (n = 4) and patient samples (n = 23 NU, n = 12 CIS, n = 29 pTa, n = 41 pT2-4). Epigenetic ST6GAL1 gene silencing was confirmed by in vitro demethylation of bladder cell lines. Data were validated by analysis of an independent bladder tumor data set (n = 184) based on The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) portal. Results Semi-quantitative ST6GAL1 real-time PCR expression analysis showed two distinct trends: In muscle-invasive tumors ST6GAL1 expression was downregulation by 2.7-fold, while papillary non-invasive tumors showed an increased ST6GAL1 mRNA expression compared to normal urothelium. ST6GAL1 loss in muscle-invasive tumors was associated with increasing invasiveness. On the protein level, 69.2% (n = 45/65) of all tumors showed a weak ST6GAL1 protein staining (IRS ≤ 4) while 25.6% (16/65) exhibited a complete loss (IRS = 0) of ST6GAL1 protein. Tumor-specific DNA methylation of the ST6GAL1 promoter region was frequently found in pT2-4 tumors (53.6% (22/41)), whereas only 13.8% (4/29) of pTa tumors showed ST6GAL1 promoter methylation. Normal urothelium remained unmethylated. Importantly, we significantly revealed an inverse correlation between ST6GAL1 mRNA expression and ST6GAL1 promoter merthylation in primary bladder cancer. These findings were clearly verified by the TCGA public data set and in vitro demethylation assays functionally confirmed ST6GAL1 promoter methylation as a potential regulatory factor for ST6GAL1 gene silencing. Conclusions Our study characterizes for the first time ST6GAL1 expression loss caused by aberrant ST6GAL1 promoter methylation potentially indicating a tumor suppressive role in bladder carcinogenesis. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/1471-2407-14-901) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Edgar Dahl
- Molecular Oncology Group, Institute of Pathology, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
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