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Zielli T, Labidi-Galy I, Del Grande M, Sessa C, Colombo I. The clinical challenges of homologous recombination proficiency in ovarian cancer: from intrinsic resistance to new treatment opportunities. CANCER DRUG RESISTANCE (ALHAMBRA, CALIF.) 2023; 6:499-516. [PMID: 37842243 PMCID: PMC10571062 DOI: 10.20517/cdr.2023.08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is the most lethal gynecologic cancer. Optimal cytoreductive surgery followed by platinum-based chemotherapy with or without bevacizumab is the conventional therapeutic strategy. Since 2016, the pharmacological treatment of epithelial ovarian cancer has significantly changed following the introduction of the poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors (PARPi). BRCA1/2 mutations and homologous recombination deficiency (HRD) have been established as predictive biomarkers of the benefit from platinum-based chemotherapy and PARPi. While in the absence of HRD (the so-called homologous recombination proficiency, HRp), patients derive minimal benefit from PARPi, the use of the antiangiogenic agent bevacizumab in first line did not result in different efficacy according to the presence of homologous recombination repair (HRR) genes mutations. No clinical trials have currently compared PARPi and bevacizumab as maintenance therapy in the HRp population. Different strategies are under investigation to overcome primary and acquired resistance to PARPi and to increase the sensitivity of HRp tumors to these agents. These tumors are characterized by frequent amplifications of Cyclin E and MYC, resulting in high replication stress. Different agents targeting DNA replication stress, such as ATR, WEE1 and CHK1 inhibitors, are currently being explored in preclinical models and clinical trials and have shown promising preliminary signs of activity. In this review, we will summarize the available evidence on the activity of PARPi in HRp tumors and the ongoing research to develop new treatment options in this hard-to-treat population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Zielli
- Service of Medical Oncology, Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland (IOSI), EOC, Bellinzona 6500, Switzerland
| | - Intidhar Labidi-Galy
- Department of Oncology, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva 1205, Switzerland
- Department of Medicine, Center of Translational Research in Onco-Hematology, Geneva 1205, Switzerland
| | - Maria Del Grande
- Service of Medical Oncology, Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland (IOSI), EOC, Bellinzona 6500, Switzerland
| | - Cristiana Sessa
- Service of Medical Oncology, Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland (IOSI), EOC, Bellinzona 6500, Switzerland
| | - Ilaria Colombo
- Service of Medical Oncology, Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland (IOSI), EOC, Bellinzona 6500, Switzerland
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Abstract
Biomolecular condensates are reversible compartments that form through a process called phase separation. Post-translational modifications like ADP-ribosylation can nucleate the formation of these condensates by accelerating the self-association of proteins. Poly(ADP-ribose) (PAR) chains are remarkably transient modifications with turnover rates on the order of minutes, yet they can be required for the formation of granules in response to oxidative stress, DNA damage, and other stimuli. Moreover, accumulation of PAR is linked with adverse phase transitions in neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. In this review, we provide a primer on how PAR is synthesized and regulated, the diverse structures and chemistries of ADP-ribosylation modifications, and protein-PAR interactions. We review substantial progress in recent efforts to determine the molecular mechanism of PAR-mediated phase separation, and we further delineate how inhibitors of PAR polymerases may be effective treatments for neurodegenerative pathologies. Finally, we highlight the need for rigorous biochemical interrogation of ADP-ribosylation in vivo and in vitro to clarify the exact pathway from PARylation to condensate formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Rhine
- Program in Cell, Molecular, Developmental Biology, and Biophysics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
- Department of Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Hana M Odeh
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - James Shorter
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Sua Myong
- Program in Cell, Molecular, Developmental Biology, and Biophysics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
- Department of Biophysics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
- Physics Frontier Center (Center for the Physics of Living Cells), University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
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Woitek R, Brindle KM. Hyperpolarized Carbon-13 MRI in Breast Cancer. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:2311. [PMID: 37443703 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13132311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the hallmarks of cancer is metabolic reprogramming, including high levels of aerobic glycolysis (the Warburg effect). Pyruvate is a product of glucose metabolism, and 13C-MR imaging of the metabolism of hyperpolarized (HP) [1-13C]pyruvate (HP 13C-MRI) has been shown to be a potentially versatile tool for the clinical evaluation of tumor metabolism. Hyperpolarization of the 13C nuclear spin can increase the sensitivity of detection by 4-5 orders of magnitude. Therefore, following intravenous injection, the location of hyperpolarized 13C-labeled pyruvate in the body and its subsequent metabolism can be tracked using 13C-MRI. Hyperpolarized [13C]urea and [1,4-13C2]fumarate are also likely to translate to the clinic in the near future as tools for imaging tissue perfusion and post-treatment tumor cell death, respectively. For clinical breast imaging, HP 13C-MRI can be combined with 1H-MRI to address the need for detailed anatomical imaging combined with improved functional tumor phenotyping and very early identification of patients not responding to standard and novel neoadjuvant treatments. If the technical complexity of the hyperpolarization process and the relatively high associated costs can be reduced, then hyperpolarized 13C-MRI has the potential to become more widely available for large-scale clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramona Woitek
- Research Centre for Medical Image Analysis and AI, Danube Private University, 3500 Krems, Austria
- Department of Radiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0RE, UK
| | - Kevin M Brindle
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0RE, UK
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0RE, UK
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QW, UK
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Yap T, Tan I, Ramani RS, Bhatia N, Demetrio de Souza Franca P, Angel C, Moore C, Reiner T, Bussau L, McCullough MJ. Acquisition and annotation in high resolution in vivo digital biopsy by confocal microscopy for diagnosis in oral precancer and cancer. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1209261. [PMID: 37469413 PMCID: PMC10352099 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1209261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Scanned fibre endomicroscopes are full point-scanning confocal microscopes with submicron lateral resolution with an optical slice thickness thin enough to isolate individual cell layers, allow active positioning of the optical slice in the z-axis and collection of megapixel images. Here we present descriptive findings and a brief atlas of an acquisition and annotation protocol high resolution in vivo capture of oral mucosal pathology including oral squamous cell carcinoma and dysplasia using a fluorescence scanned fibre endomicroscope with 3 topical fluorescent imaging agents: fluorescein, acriflavine and PARPi-FL. Methods Digital biopsy was successfully performed via an acquisition protocol in seventy-one patients presenting for investigation of oral mucosal abnormalities using a miniaturized, handheld scanned fibre endoscope. Multiple imaging agents were utilized and multiple time points sampled. Fifty-nine patients had a matched histopathology correlating in location with imaging. The images were annotated back to macrographic location using a purpose-built software, MouthMap™. Results Acquisition and annotation of cellular level resolved images was demonstrated with all 3 topical agents. Descriptive observations between clinically or histologically normal oral mucosa showed regular intranuclear distance, a regular nuclear profile and fluorescent homogeneity. This was dependent on the intraoral location and type of epithelium being observed. Key features of malignancy were a loss of intranuclear distance, disordered nuclear clustering and irregular nuclear fluorescence intensity and size. Perinuclear fluorescent granules were seen in the absence of irregular nuclear features in lichenoid inflammation. Discussion High resolution oral biopsy allows for painless and rapid capture of multiple mucosal sites, resulting in more data points to increase diagnostic precision. High resolution digital micrographs can be easily compared serially across multiple time points utilizing an annotation software. In the present study we have demonstrated realization of a high-resolution digital biopsy protocol of the oral mucosa for utility in the diagnosis of oral cancer and precancer..
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Affiliation(s)
- Tami Yap
- Melbourne Dental School, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, Carlton, VIC, Australia
- Oral Medicine Unit, Royal Dental Hospital of Melbourne, Carlton, VIC, Australia
| | - Ivy Tan
- Melbourne Dental School, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, Carlton, VIC, Australia
- Oral Medicine Unit, Royal Dental Hospital of Melbourne, Carlton, VIC, Australia
| | - Rishi S. Ramani
- Melbourne Dental School, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, Carlton, VIC, Australia
| | - Nirav Bhatia
- Oral Medicine Unit, Royal Dental Hospital of Melbourne, Carlton, VIC, Australia
| | - Paula Demetrio de Souza Franca
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Chris Angel
- Department of Pathology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Victorian Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Caroline Moore
- Melbourne Dental School, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, Carlton, VIC, Australia
| | - Thomas Reiner
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States
| | | | - Michael J. McCullough
- Melbourne Dental School, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, Carlton, VIC, Australia
- Oral Medicine Unit, Royal Dental Hospital of Melbourne, Carlton, VIC, Australia
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Akinjiyan FA, Morecroft R, Phillipps J, Adeyelu T, Elliott A, Park SJ, Butt OH, Zhou AY, Ansstas G. Homologous Recombination Deficiency (HRD) in Cutaneous Oncology. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10771. [PMID: 37445949 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241310771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Skin cancers, including basal cell carcinoma (BCC), cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), and melanoma, are the most common malignancies in the United States. Loss of DNA repair pathways in the skin plays a significant role in tumorigenesis. In recent years, targeting DNA repair pathways, particularly homologous recombination deficiency (HRD), has emerged as a potential therapeutic approach in cutaneous malignancies. This review provides an overview of DNA damage and repair pathways, with a focus on HRD, and discusses major advances in targeting these pathways in skin cancers. Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors have been developed to exploit HRD in cancer cells. PARP inhibitors disrupt DNA repair mechanisms by inhibiting PARP enzymatic activity, leading to the accumulation of DNA damage and cell death. The concept of synthetic lethality has been demonstrated in HR-deficient cells, such as those with BRCA1/2 mutations, which exhibit increased sensitivity to PARP inhibitors. HRD assessment methods, including genomic scars, RAD51 foci formation, functional assays, and BRCA1/2 mutation analysis, are discussed as tools for identifying patients who may benefit from PARP inhibitor therapy. Furthermore, HRD has been implicated in the response to immunotherapy, and the combination of PARP inhibitors with immunotherapy has shown promising results. The frequency of HRD in melanoma ranges from 18% to 57%, and studies investigating the use of PARP inhibitors as monotherapy in melanoma are limited. Further research is warranted to explore the potential of PARP inhibition in melanoma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Favour A Akinjiyan
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University in Saint Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Renee Morecroft
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University in Saint Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Jordan Phillipps
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University in Saint Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | | | | | - Soo J Park
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Omar H Butt
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University in Saint Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Alice Y Zhou
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University in Saint Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - George Ansstas
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University in Saint Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
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Greco S, Fabbri N, Spaggiari R, De Giorgi A, Fabbian F, Giovine A. Update on Classic and Novel Approaches in Metastatic Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Treatment: A Comprehensive Review. Biomedicines 2023; 11:1772. [PMID: 37371867 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11061772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) accounts for almost 15% of all diagnosed breast cancers and often presents high rates of relapses and metastases, with generally poor prognosis despite multiple lines of treatment. Immunotherapy has radically changed the approach of clinicians towards TNBC in the last two to three years, even if targeted and specific therapeutic options are still missing; this unmet need is further justified by the extreme molecular and clinical heterogeneity of this subtype of breast cancer and by the weak response to both single-agent and combined therapies. In March 2023, the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN), the main association of cancer centers in the United States, released the last clinical practice guidelines, with an update on classic and novel approaches in the field of breast cancer. The purpose of this comprehensive review is to summarize the latest findings in the setting of metastatic TNBC treatment, focusing on each category of drugs approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and included in the NCCN guidelines. We also introduce part of the latest published studies, which have reported new and promising molecules able to specifically target some of the biomarkers involved in TNBC pathogenesis. We searched the PubMed and Scopus databases for free full texts reported in the literature of the last 5 years, using the words "triple-negative breast cancer" or "TNBC" or "basal-like". The articles were analyzed by the authors independently and double-blindly, and a total of 114 articles were included in the review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Greco
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, Via Luigi Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
- Department of Internal Medicine, Delta Hospital, Via Valle Oppio 2, 44023 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Nicolò Fabbri
- Department of General Surgery, Delta Hospital, Via Valle Oppio 2, 44023 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Riccardo Spaggiari
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, Via Luigi Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Alfredo De Giorgi
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Ferrara, Via Aldo Moro 8, 44124 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Fabio Fabbian
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via Luigi Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Antonio Giovine
- Department of Internal Medicine, Delta Hospital, Via Valle Oppio 2, 44023 Ferrara, Italy
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Li J, Deng Y, Wang Y, Nepovimova E, Wu Q, Kuca K. Mycotoxins Have a Potential of Inducing Cell Senescence: A New Understanding of Mycotoxin Immunotoxicity. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2023:104188. [PMID: 37331672 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2023.104188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
Mycotoxins result in immune dysfunction and cause immune diseases in animals and humans. However, the mechanisms of immunotoxicity involved in mycotoxins have not been fully explored, and emerging evidence suggests that these toxins may promote their immunotoxicity via cellular senescence. Mycotoxins induce cell senescence after DNA damage, and activate signaling via the NF-κB and JNK pathways to promote the secretion of senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) cytokines including IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α. DNA damage can also over-activate or cleave poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1), increase the expression of cell cycle inhibitory proteins p21, and p53, and induce cell cycle arrest and then senescence. These senescent cells further down-regulate proliferation-related genes and overexpress inflammatory factors resulting in chronic inflammation and eventual immune exhaustion. Here we review the underlying mechanisms by which mycotoxins trigger cell senescence and the potential roles of SASP and PARP in these pathways. This work will help to further understand the mechanisms of immunotoxicity involved in mycotoxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiefeng Li
- College of Life Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China
| | - Ying Deng
- College of Life Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China
| | - Yating Wang
- College of Life Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China
| | - Eugenie Nepovimova
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Králové, Hradec Králové 50003, Czech Republic
| | - Qinghua Wu
- College of Life Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Králové, Hradec Králové 50003, Czech Republic.
| | - Kamil Kuca
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Králové, Hradec Králové 50003, Czech Republic; Andalusian Research Institute in Data Science and Computational Intelligence (DaSCI), University of Granada, Granada, Spain; Biomedical Reseaerch Center, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.
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Chen B, Ojha DP, Toyonaga T, Tong J, Pracitto R, Thomas MA, Liu M, Kapinos M, Zhang L, Zheng MQ, Holden D, Fowles K, Ropchan J, Nabulsi N, De Feyter H, Carson RE, Huang Y, Cai Z. Preclinical evaluation of a brain penetrant PARP PET imaging probe in rat glioblastoma and nonhuman primates. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2023; 50:2081-2099. [PMID: 36849748 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-023-06162-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Currently, there are multiple active clinical trials involving poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors in the treatment of glioblastoma. The noninvasive quantification of baseline PARP expression using positron emission tomography (PET) may provide prognostic information and lead to more precise treatment. Due to the lack of brain-penetrant PARP imaging agents, the reliable and accurate in vivo quantification of PARP in the brain remains elusive. Herein, we report the synthesis of a brain-penetrant PARP PET tracer, (R)-2-(2-methyl-1-(methyl-11C)pyrrolidin-2-yl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazole-4-carboxamide ([11C]PyBic), and its preclinical evaluations in a syngeneic RG2 rat glioblastoma model and healthy nonhuman primates. METHODS We synthesized [11C]PyBic using veliparib as the labeling precursor, performed dynamic PET scans on RG2 tumor-bearing rats and calculated the distribution volume ratio (DVR) using simplified reference region method 2 (SRTM2) with the contralateral nontumor brain region as the reference region. We performed biodistribution studies, western blot, and immunostaining studies to validate the in vivo PET quantification results. We characterized the brain kinetics and binding specificity of [11C]PyBic in nonhuman primates on FOCUS220 scanner and calculated the volume of distribution (VT), nondisplaceable volume of distribution (VND), and nondisplaceable binding potential (BPND) in selected brain regions. RESULTS [11C]PyBic was synthesized efficiently in one step, with greater than 97% radiochemical and chemical purity and molar activity of 148 ± 85 MBq/nmol (n = 6). [11C]PyBic demonstrated PARP-specific binding in RG2 tumors, with 74% of tracer binding in tumors blocked by preinjected veliparib (i.v., 5 mg/kg). The in vivo PET imaging results were corroborated by ex vivo biodistribution, PARP1 immunohistochemistry and immunoblotting data. Furthermore, brain penetration of [11C]PyBic was confirmed by quantitative monkey brain PET, which showed high specific uptake (BPND > 3) and low nonspecific uptake (VND < 3 mL/cm3) in the monkey brain. CONCLUSION [11C]PyBic is the first brain-penetrant PARP PET tracer validated in a rat glioblastoma model and healthy nonhuman primates. The brain kinetics of [11C]PyBic are suitable for noninvasive quantification of available PARP binding in the brain, which posits [11C]PyBic to have broad applications in oncology and neuroimaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baosheng Chen
- Yale PET Center, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, 801 Howard Avenue, PO Box 208048, New Haven, CT, 06520-8048, USA
| | - Devi Prasan Ojha
- Yale PET Center, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, 801 Howard Avenue, PO Box 208048, New Haven, CT, 06520-8048, USA
| | - Takuya Toyonaga
- Yale PET Center, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, 801 Howard Avenue, PO Box 208048, New Haven, CT, 06520-8048, USA
| | - Jie Tong
- Yale PET Center, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, 801 Howard Avenue, PO Box 208048, New Haven, CT, 06520-8048, USA
| | - Richard Pracitto
- Yale PET Center, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, 801 Howard Avenue, PO Box 208048, New Haven, CT, 06520-8048, USA
| | - Monique A Thomas
- Magnetic Resonance Research Center, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Michael Liu
- Yale PET Center, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, 801 Howard Avenue, PO Box 208048, New Haven, CT, 06520-8048, USA
| | - Michael Kapinos
- Yale PET Center, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, 801 Howard Avenue, PO Box 208048, New Haven, CT, 06520-8048, USA
| | - Li Zhang
- Yale PET Center, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, 801 Howard Avenue, PO Box 208048, New Haven, CT, 06520-8048, USA
| | - Ming-Qiang Zheng
- Yale PET Center, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, 801 Howard Avenue, PO Box 208048, New Haven, CT, 06520-8048, USA
| | - Daniel Holden
- Yale PET Center, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, 801 Howard Avenue, PO Box 208048, New Haven, CT, 06520-8048, USA
| | - Krista Fowles
- Yale PET Center, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, 801 Howard Avenue, PO Box 208048, New Haven, CT, 06520-8048, USA
| | - Jim Ropchan
- Yale PET Center, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, 801 Howard Avenue, PO Box 208048, New Haven, CT, 06520-8048, USA
| | - Nabeel Nabulsi
- Yale PET Center, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, 801 Howard Avenue, PO Box 208048, New Haven, CT, 06520-8048, USA
| | - Henk De Feyter
- Magnetic Resonance Research Center, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Richard E Carson
- Yale PET Center, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, 801 Howard Avenue, PO Box 208048, New Haven, CT, 06520-8048, USA
| | - Yiyun Huang
- Yale PET Center, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, 801 Howard Avenue, PO Box 208048, New Haven, CT, 06520-8048, USA
| | - Zhengxin Cai
- Yale PET Center, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, 801 Howard Avenue, PO Box 208048, New Haven, CT, 06520-8048, USA.
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Zhao J, Xu J, Wu M, Wang W, Wang M, Yang L, Cai H, Xu Q, Chen C, Lobie PE, Zhu T, Han X. LncRNA H19 Regulates Breast Cancer DNA Damage Response and Sensitivity to PARP Inhibitors via Binding to ILF2. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119157. [PMID: 37298108 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Although DNA damage repair plays a critical role in cancer chemotherapy, the function of lncRNAs in this process remains largely unclear. In this study, in silico screening identified H19 as an lncRNA that potentially plays a role in DNA damage response and sensitivity to PARP inhibitors. Increased expression of H19 is correlated with disease progression and with a poor prognosis in breast cancer. In breast cancer cells, forced expression of H19 promotes DNA damage repair and resistance to PARP inhibition, whereas H19 depletion diminishes DNA damage repair and increases sensitivity to PARP inhibitors. H19 exerted its functional roles via direct interaction with ILF2 in the cell nucleus. H19 and ILF2 increased BRCA1 stability via the ubiquitin-proteasome proteolytic pathway via the H19- and ILF2-regulated BRCA1 ubiquitin ligases HUWE1 and UBE2T. In summary, this study has identified a novel mechanism to promote BRCA1-deficiency in breast cancer cells. Therefore, targeting the H19/ILF2/BRCA1 axis might modulate therapeutic approaches in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junsong Zhao
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
- The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Junchao Xu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
- The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Mingming Wu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
- The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
- The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Miaomiao Wang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
- The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Leiyan Yang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
- The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Huayong Cai
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
- The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Qiao Xu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Ceshi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Peter E Lobie
- Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute and Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518132, China
| | - Tao Zhu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
- The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
- Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518132, China
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Xinghua Han
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
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60
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Friedman E. Insights from 25 years of oncogenetics: one person's perspective. Front Genet 2023; 14:1180879. [PMID: 37252658 PMCID: PMC10213307 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1180879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
In early 1995, I established the oncogenetics service at the Genetics Institute of the Sheba Medical Center in Israel. The purpose of this article is to describe the key points and issues that were raised throughout my personal journey since then: physician and public awareness; ethical and legal issues; guidelines for oncogenetic counseling; the development of oncogenetic testing within the unique Israeli reality of the limited spectrum of BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations; high-risk vs. population screening; and the definition and implementation of guidelines for surveillance of asymptomatic mutation carriers. Since 1995, oncogenetics has been transformed from a rare oddity to a pivotal player, and it represents a successful example of implementing personalized preventive medicine by identifying and providing care and by offering means for early detection and risk reduction for adults who are genetically predisposed to develop a potentially life-threatening disease-cancer in this case. Lastly, I outline my personal vision for the possible way forward for oncogenetics.
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61
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Mohammadnezhad L, Shekarkar Azgomi M, La Manna MP, Guggino G, Botta C, Dieli F, Caccamo N. B-Cell Receptor Signaling Is Thought to Be a Bridge between Primary Sjogren Syndrome and Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24098385. [PMID: 37176092 PMCID: PMC10179133 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24098385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary Sjogren syndrome (pSS) is the second most common autoimmune disorder worldwide, which, in the worst scenario, progresses to Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma (NHL). Despite extensive studies, there is still a lack of knowledge about developing pSS for NHL. This study focused on cells' signaling in pSS progression to the NHL type of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). Using bulk RNA and single cell analysis, we found five novel pathologic-independent clusters in DLBCL based on cells' signaling. B-cell receptor (BCR) signaling was identified as the only enriched signal in DLBCL and pSS peripheral naive B-cells or salivary gland-infiltrated cells. The evaluation of the genes in association with BCR has revealed that targeting CD79A, CD79B, and LAMTOR4 as the shared genes can provide novel biomarkers for pSS progression into lymphoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Mohammadnezhad
- Central Laboratory of Advanced Diagnosis and Biomedical Research (CLADIBIOR), AOUP Paolo Giaccone, 90127 Palermo, Italy
- Department of Sciences for Health Promotion and Mother-Child Care "G. D'Alessandro", University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Mojtaba Shekarkar Azgomi
- Central Laboratory of Advanced Diagnosis and Biomedical Research (CLADIBIOR), AOUP Paolo Giaccone, 90127 Palermo, Italy
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnosis (BIND), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Marco Pio La Manna
- Central Laboratory of Advanced Diagnosis and Biomedical Research (CLADIBIOR), AOUP Paolo Giaccone, 90127 Palermo, Italy
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnosis (BIND), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Giuliana Guggino
- Department of Sciences for Health Promotion and Mother-Child Care "G. D'Alessandro", University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Cirino Botta
- Department of Sciences for Health Promotion and Mother-Child Care "G. D'Alessandro", University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Francesco Dieli
- Central Laboratory of Advanced Diagnosis and Biomedical Research (CLADIBIOR), AOUP Paolo Giaccone, 90127 Palermo, Italy
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnosis (BIND), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Nadia Caccamo
- Central Laboratory of Advanced Diagnosis and Biomedical Research (CLADIBIOR), AOUP Paolo Giaccone, 90127 Palermo, Italy
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnosis (BIND), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
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62
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Yılmaz B, Çakmak Genç G, Karakaş Çelik S, Pişkin N, Horuz E, Dursun A. The 3'UTR region of the DNA repair gene PARP-1 May increase the severity of COVID-19 by altering the binding of antiviral miRNAs. Virology 2023; 583:29-35. [PMID: 37087842 PMCID: PMC10110933 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2023.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
COVID-19 may cause the release of systemic inflammatory cytokines resulting in severe inflammation. PARP-1 has been identified as a nuclear enzyme that is activated by DNA strand breaks. It has been suggested that PARP-1 has a role in the cytokine storm shown as a cause of mortality in COVID-19, and its inhibition may adversely affect the replication of SARS -CoV-2. We aimed to investigate the relationship between PARP-1 gene polymorphisms and the clinical severity of COVID-19. rs8679 TT genotype was found to increase with the COVID-19 disease severity. The 3'UTR polymorphism rs8679 may cause PARP-1 activity as a result of viral replication increase by changing the binding site of antiviral or anti-inflammatory miRNAs. PARP-1 may affect the severity of COVID-19 by cytokine release and maybe a possible treatment target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Büşra Yılmaz
- Department of Medical Genetics, Zonguldak Bulent Ecevit University, Zonguldak, Turkey.
| | - Güneş Çakmak Genç
- Department of Medical Genetics, Zonguldak Bulent Ecevit University, Zonguldak, Turkey
| | - Sevim Karakaş Çelik
- Department of Medical Genetics, Zonguldak Bulent Ecevit University, Zonguldak, Turkey
| | - Nihal Pişkin
- Department of Infectious Disease, Zonguldak Bulent Ecevit University, Zonguldak, Turkey
| | - Emre Horuz
- Department of Infectious Disease, Zonguldak Bulent Ecevit University, Zonguldak, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Dursun
- Department of Medical Genetics, Zonguldak Bulent Ecevit University, Zonguldak, Turkey
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63
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Chen Y, Wang Z, Wang L, Wang J, Li P, Cao D, Zeng X, Ye X, Sakurai T. Deep generative model for drug design from protein target sequence. J Cheminform 2023; 15:38. [PMID: 36978179 PMCID: PMC10052801 DOI: 10.1186/s13321-023-00702-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Drug discovery for a protein target is a laborious and costly process. Deep learning (DL) methods have been applied to drug discovery and successfully generated novel molecular structures, and they can substantially reduce development time and costs. However, most of them rely on prior knowledge, either by drawing on the structure and properties of known molecules to generate similar candidate molecules or extracting information on the binding sites of protein pockets to obtain molecules that can bind to them. In this paper, DeepTarget, an end-to-end DL model, was proposed to generate novel molecules solely relying on the amino acid sequence of the target protein to reduce the heavy reliance on prior knowledge. DeepTarget includes three modules: Amino Acid Sequence Embedding (AASE), Structural Feature Inference (SFI), and Molecule Generation (MG). AASE generates embeddings from the amino acid sequence of the target protein. SFI inferences the potential structural features of the synthesized molecule, and MG seeks to construct the eventual molecule. The validity of the generated molecules was demonstrated by a benchmark platform of molecular generation models. The interaction between the generated molecules and the target proteins was also verified on the basis of two metrics, drug-target affinity and molecular docking. The results of the experiments indicated the efficacy of the model for direct molecule generation solely conditioned on amino acid sequence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangyang Chen
- Department of Computer Science, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, 3058577, Japan.
| | - Zixu Wang
- Department of Computer Science, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, 3058577, Japan
| | - Lei Wang
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Jianmin Wang
- The Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Integrative Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, Yonsei University, Incheon, 21983, Republic of Korea
- Bioinformatics and Molecular Design Research Center (BMDRC), Incheon, 21983, Republic of Korea
| | - Pengyong Li
- School of Computer Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xian, 710071, China
| | - Dongsheng Cao
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China.
| | - Xiangxiang Zeng
- College of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, Hunan, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiucai Ye
- Department of Computer Science, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, 3058577, Japan.
| | - Tetsuya Sakurai
- Department of Computer Science, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, 3058577, Japan
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64
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Shi F, Wu L, Cui D, Sun M, Shen Y, Zhou Z, Deng Z, Han B, Xia S, Zhu Z, Sun F. LncFALEC recruits ART5/PARP1 and promotes castration-resistant prostate cancer through enhancing PARP1-meditated self PARylation. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2023; 46:761-776. [PMID: 36913068 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-023-00783-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence indicates that long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are abnormal expression in various malignant tumors. Our previous research demonstrated that focally amplified long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) on chromosome 1 (FALEC) is an oncogenic lncRNA in prostate cancer (PCa). However, the role of FALEC in castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) is poorly understood. In this study, we showed FALEC was upregulated in post-castration tissues and CRPC cells, and increased FALEC expression was associated with poor survival in post-castration PCa patients. RNA FISH demonstrated FALEC was translocated into nucleus in CRPC cells. RNA pulldown and followed Mass Spectrometry (MS) assay demonstrated FALEC directly interacted with PARP1 and loss of function assay showed FALEC depletion sensitized CRPC cells to castration treatment and restored NAD+. Specific PARP1 inhibitor AG14361 and NAD+ endogenous competitor NADP+ sensitized FALEC-deleted CRPC cells to castration treatment. FALEC increasing PARP1 meditated self PARylation through recruiting ART5 and down regulation of ART5 decreased CRPC cell viability and restored NAD+ through inhibiting PARP1meditated self PARylation in vitro. Furthermore, ART5 was indispensable for FALEC directly interaction and regulation of PARP1, loss of ART5 impaired FALEC and PARP1 associated self PARylation. In vivo, FALEC depleted combined with PARP1 inhibitor decreased CRPC cell derived tumor growth and metastasis in a model of castration treatment NOD/SCID mice. Together, these results established that FALEC may be a novel diagnostic marker for PCa progression and provides a potential new therapeutic strategy to target the FALEC/ART5/PARP1 complex in CRPC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Shi
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 100 Haining Road, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Lei Wu
- Department of Urology, Shanghai General Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Di Cui
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 100 Haining Road, Shanghai, 200080, China.,Institute of Urology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Menghao Sun
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 100 Haining Road, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Yuanhao Shen
- School of Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zheng Zhou
- Department of Urology, Shanghai General Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Zheng Deng
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 100 Haining Road, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Bangmin Han
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 100 Haining Road, Shanghai, 200080, China.,Institute of Urology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Shujie Xia
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 100 Haining Road, Shanghai, 200080, China.,Department of Urology, Shanghai General Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Shanghai, 200080, China.,Institute of Urology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Zheng Zhu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA.
| | - Feng Sun
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 100 Haining Road, Shanghai, 200080, China. .,Institute of Urology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200080, China.
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65
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Lee M, Je IG, Kim JE, Yoo Y, Lim JH, Jang E, Lee Y, Song DK, Moon AN, Kim JA, Jeong J, Park JT, Lee JW, Yang JH, Hong CH, Park SY, Park YW, Baek NS, Lee S, Ha KS, Choi S, Lee WS. Venadaparib Is a Novel and Selective PARP Inhibitor with Improved Physicochemical Properties, Efficacy, and Safety. Mol Cancer Ther 2023; 22:333-342. [PMID: 36808277 PMCID: PMC9978881 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-22-0068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
PARP inhibitors have been approved by the FDA for use in the treatment of patients with ovarian, breast, pancreatic, and prostate cancers. PARP inhibitors show diverse suppressive effects on PARP family members and PARP-DNA trapping potency. These properties are associated with distinct safety/efficacy profiles. Here, we report the nonclinical characteristics of venadaparib (also known as IDX-1197 or NOV140101), a novel potent PARP inhibitor. The physiochemical properties of venadaparib were analyzed. Furthermore, the efficacy of venadaparib against PARP enzymes, PAR formation, and PARP trapping activities, and growth inhibition of cell lines with BRCA mutations were evaluated. Ex vivo and in vivo models were also established to study pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics, efficacy, and toxicity. Venadaparib specifically inhibits PARP-1 and -2 enzymes. Oral administration of venadaparib HCl at doses above 12.5 mg/kg significantly reduced tumor growth in the OV_065 patient-derived xenograft model. Intratumoral PARP inhibition remained at over 90% until 24 hours after dosing. Venadaparib had wider safety margins than olaparib. Notably, venadaparib showed favorable physicochemical properties and superior anticancer effects in homologous recombination-deficient in vitro and in vivo models with improved safety profiles. Our results suggest the possibility of venadaparib as a next-generation PARP inhibitor. On the basis of these findings, phase Ib/IIa studies on the efficacy and safety of venadaparib have been initiated.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - In-Gyu Je
- Research Laboratories, Ildong Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Hwaseong-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Yeongran Yoo
- Research Laboratories, Ildong Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Hwaseong-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Ha Lim
- Research Laboratories, Ildong Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Hwaseong-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunhye Jang
- Research Laboratories, Ildong Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Hwaseong-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoonsuk Lee
- iLEAD BMS, Hwaseong-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | | | - An-Na Moon
- iLEAD BMS, Hwaseong-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Ah Kim
- iLEAD BMS, Hwaseong-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinah Jeong
- Research Laboratories, Ildong Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Hwaseong-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon-Tae Park
- Research Laboratories, Ildong Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Hwaseong-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Woo Lee
- Research Laboratories, Ildong Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Hwaseong-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Hoon Yang
- Research Laboratories, Ildong Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Hwaseong-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Hee Hong
- Research Laboratories, Ildong Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Hwaseong-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Young Park
- Research Laboratories, Ildong Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Hwaseong-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Whan Park
- National-OncoVenture, National Cancer Center, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam Seok Baek
- National-OncoVenture, National Cancer Center, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungsook Lee
- National-OncoVenture, National Cancer Center, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | | | - SungKu Choi
- Idience Co., Ltd, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Research Laboratories, Ildong Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Hwaseong-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
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66
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Moon J, Kitty I, Renata K, Qin S, Zhao F, Kim W. DNA Damage and Its Role in Cancer Therapeutics. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:4741. [PMID: 36902170 PMCID: PMC10003233 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA damage is a double-edged sword in cancer cells. On the one hand, DNA damage exacerbates gene mutation frequency and cancer risk. Mutations in key DNA repair genes, such as breast cancer 1 (BRCA1) and/or breast cancer 2 (BRCA2), induce genomic instability and promote tumorigenesis. On the other hand, the induction of DNA damage using chemical reagents or radiation kills cancer cells effectively. Cancer-burdening mutations in key DNA repair-related genes imply relatively high sensitivity to chemotherapy or radiotherapy because of reduced DNA repair efficiency. Therefore, designing specific inhibitors targeting key enzymes in the DNA repair pathway is an effective way to induce synthetic lethality with chemotherapy or radiotherapy in cancer therapeutics. This study reviews the general pathways involved in DNA repair in cancer cells and the potential proteins that could be targeted for cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaeyoung Moon
- Department of Integrated Biomedical Science, Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-bio Science (SIMS), Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan 31151, Chungcheongnam-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Ichiwa Kitty
- Department of Integrated Biomedical Science, Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-bio Science (SIMS), Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan 31151, Chungcheongnam-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Kusuma Renata
- Department of Integrated Biomedical Science, Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-bio Science (SIMS), Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan 31151, Chungcheongnam-do, Republic of Korea
- Magister of Biotechnology, Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia, Jakarta 12930, Indonesia
| | - Sisi Qin
- Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Fei Zhao
- College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Wootae Kim
- Department of Integrated Biomedical Science, Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-bio Science (SIMS), Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan 31151, Chungcheongnam-do, Republic of Korea
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67
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Sharma N, Setiawan D, Hamelberg D, Narayan R, Aneja R. Computational benchmarking of putative KIFC1 inhibitors. Med Res Rev 2023; 43:293-318. [PMID: 36104980 DOI: 10.1002/med.21926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The centrosome in animal cells is instrumental in spindle pole formation, nucleation, proper alignment of microtubules during cell division, and distribution of chromosomes in each daughter cell. Centrosome amplification involving structural and numerical abnormalities in the centrosome can cause chromosomal instability and dysregulation of the cell cycle, leading to cancer development and metastasis. However, disturbances caused by centrosome amplification can also limit cancer cell survival by activating mitotic checkpoints and promoting mitotic catastrophe. As a smart escape, cancer cells cluster their surplus of centrosomes into pseudo-bipolar spindles and progress through the cell cycle. This phenomenon, known as centrosome clustering (CC), involves many proteins and has garnered considerable attention as a specific cancer cell-targeting weapon. The kinesin-14 motor protein KIFC1 is a minus end-directed motor protein that is involved in CC. Because KIFC1 is upregulated in various cancers and modulates oncogenic signaling cascades, it has emerged as a potential chemotherapeutic target. Many molecules have been identified as KIFC1 inhibitors because of their centrosome declustering activity in cancer cells. Despite the ever-increasing literature in this field, there have been few efforts to review the progress. The current review aims to collate and present an in-depth analysis of known KIFC1 inhibitors and their biological activities. Additionally, we present computational docking data of putative KIFC1 inhibitors with their binding sites and binding affinities. This first-of-kind comparative analysis involving experimental biology, chemistry, and computational docking of different KIFC1 inhibitors may help guide decision-making in the selection and design of potent inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nivya Sharma
- Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Dani Setiawan
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Donald Hamelberg
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Rishikesh Narayan
- School of Chemical and Materials Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Goa, Goa, India.,School of Interdisciplinary Life Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Goa, Goa, India
| | - Ritu Aneja
- Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.,Department of Clinical and Diagnostic Sciences, School of Health Professions, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
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68
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Sreekumar S, Zhou D, Mpoy C, Schenk E, Scott J, Arbeit JM, Xu J, Rogers BE. Preclinical Efficacy of a PARP-1 Targeted Auger-Emitting Radionuclide in Prostate Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:3083. [PMID: 36834491 PMCID: PMC9967758 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
There is an unmet need for better therapeutic strategies for advanced prostate cancer. Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1) is a chromatin-binding DNA repair enzyme overexpressed in prostate cancer. This study evaluates whether PARP-1, on account of its proximity to the cell's DNA, would be a good target for delivering high-linear energy transfer Auger radiation to induce lethal DNA damage in prostate cancer cells. We analyzed the correlation between PARP-1 expression and Gleason score in a prostate cancer tissue microarray. A radio-brominated Auger emitting inhibitor ([77Br]Br-WC-DZ) targeting PARP-1 was synthesized. The ability of [77Br]Br-WC-DZ to induce cytotoxicity and DNA damage was assessed in vitro. The antitumor efficacy of [77Br]Br-WC-DZ was investigated in prostate cancer xenograft models. PARP-1 expression was found to be positively correlated with the Gleason score, thus making it an attractive target for Auger therapy in advanced diseases. The Auger emitter, [77Br]Br-WC-DZ, induced DNA damage, G2-M cell cycle phase arrest, and cytotoxicity in PC-3 and IGR-CaP1 prostate cancer cells. A single dose of [77Br]Br-WC-DZ inhibited the growth of prostate cancer xenografts and improved the survival of tumor-bearing mice. Our studies establish the fact that PARP-1 targeting Auger emitters could have therapeutic implications in advanced prostate cancer and provides a strong rationale for future clinical investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sreeja Sreekumar
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Dong Zhou
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Cedric Mpoy
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Elsa Schenk
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Jalen Scott
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Jeffrey M. Arbeit
- Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Jinbin Xu
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Buck E. Rogers
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
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69
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Design, synthesis and molecular modeling study of certain quinazolinone derivatives targeting poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP-1) enzyme as anti-breast cancer and radio-sensitizers. J Mol Struct 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.134358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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70
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Jin N, Xia Y, Gao Q. Combined PARP inhibitors and small molecular inhibitors in solid tumor treatment (Review). Int J Oncol 2023; 62:28. [PMID: 36601757 PMCID: PMC9851129 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2023.5476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
With the development of precision medicine, targeted therapy has attracted extensive attention. Poly(ADP‑ribose) polymerase inhibitors (PARPi) are critical clinical drugs designed to induce cell death and are major antitumor targeted agents. However, preclinical and clinical data have revealed the limitations of PARPi monotherapy. Therefore, their combination with other targeted drugs has become a research hotspot in tumor treatment. Recent studies have demonstrated the critical role of small molecular inhibitors in multiple haematological cancers and solid tumors via cellular signalling modulation, exhibiting potential as a combined pharmacotherapy. In the present review, studies focused on small molecular inhibitors targeting the homologous recombination pathway were summarized and clinical trials evaluating the safety and efficacy of combined treatment were discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Jin
- Key Laboratory of The Ministry of Education, Cancer Biology Research Center, Tongji Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei 430000, P.R. China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430000, P.R. China
| | - Yu Xia
- Key Laboratory of The Ministry of Education, Cancer Biology Research Center, Tongji Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei 430000, P.R. China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430000, P.R. China
| | - Qinglei Gao
- Key Laboratory of The Ministry of Education, Cancer Biology Research Center, Tongji Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei 430000, P.R. China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430000, P.R. China
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Attenuation of Tumor Burden in Response to Rucaparib in Lung Adenocarcinoma: The Contribution of Oxidative Stress, Apoptosis, and DNA Damage. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032580. [PMID: 36768904 PMCID: PMC9916668 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
In cancer, overactivation of poly (ADPribose) polymerases (PARP) plays a relevant role in DNA repair. We hypothesized that treatment with the PARP inhibitor rucaparib may reduce tumor burden via several biological mechanisms (apoptosis and oxidative stress) in mice. In lung tumors (LP07 lung adenocarcinoma) of mice treated/non-treated (control animals) with PARP inhibitor (rucaparib,150 mg/kg body weight/24 h for 20 day), PARP activity and expression, DNA damage, apoptotic nuclei, cell proliferation, and redox balance were measured using immunoblotting and immunohistochemistry. In lung tumors of rucaparib-treated mice compared to non-treated animals, tumor burden, PARP activity, and cell proliferation decreased, while DNA damage, TUNEL-positive nuclei, protein oxidation, and superoxide dismutase content (SOD)2 increased. In this experiment on lung adenocarcinoma, the pharmacological PARP inhibitor rucaparib elicited a significant improvement in tumor size, probably through a reduction in cell proliferation as a result of a rise in DNA damage and apoptosis. Oxidative stress and SOD2 also increased in response to treatment with rucaparib within the tumor cells of the treated mice. These results put the line forward to the contribution of PARP inhibitors to reduced tumor burden in lung adenocarcinoma. The potential implications of these findings should be tested in clinical settings of patients with lung tumors.
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Yakovlev VA, Sullivan SA, Fields EC, Temkin SM. PARP inhibitors in the treatment of ARID1A mutant ovarian clear cell cancer: PI3K/Akt1-dependent mechanism of synthetic lethality. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1124147. [PMID: 36910637 PMCID: PMC9992988 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1124147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) is a nuclear enzyme involved in the repair of DNA single-strand breaks (SSB). The recent development of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors (PARPi) results from over 45 years of studies. When the activity of PARP1 or PARP2 is compromised, DNA SSB lesions are unresolved and can be converted to DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) by the cellular transcription mechanisms. ARID1A (also called BAF250a) is an important component of the mammalian Switch/Sucrose Non-Fermentable (SWI/SNF) chromatin-remodeling complex. ARID1A gene demonstrates >50% of mutation rate in ovarian clear-cell carcinomas (OCCC). Mutated or downregulated ARID1A significantly compromises the Homologous Recombination Repair (HRR) of DNA DSB. Results The present study demonstrated that downregulated or mutated ARID1A attenuates DNA HRR through stimulation of the PI3K/Akt1 pathway and makes tumor cells highly sensitive to PARPi and PARPi/ionizing radiation (IR) combination. We showed that PI3K/Akt1 pathway plays an important role in the sensitization of cancer cell lines with compromised function of ARID1A to PARPi treatment. Discussion We believe that using of PARPi monotherapy or in combination with radiation therapy is an appealing strategy for treating ARID1A-mutated cancers, as well as many other types of PI3K/Akt1-driven cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasily A Yakovlev
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Stephanie A Sullivan
- Gynecologic Oncology Division, Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Emma C Fields
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Sarah M Temkin
- Gynecologic Oncology Division, Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
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Alimova I, Murdock G, Pierce A, Wang D, Madhavan K, Brunt B, Venkataraman S, Vibhakar R. The PARP inhibitor Rucaparib synergizes with radiation to attenuate atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumor growth. Neurooncol Adv 2023; 5:vdad010. [PMID: 36915612 PMCID: PMC10007910 DOI: 10.1093/noajnl/vdad010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumors (ATRT) are highly aggressive pediatric brain tumors. The available treatments rely on toxic chemotherapy and radiotherapy, which themselves can cause poor outcomes in young patients. Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARP), multifunctional enzymes which play an important role in DNA damage repair and genome stability have emerged as a new target in cancer therapy. An FDA-approved drug screen revealed that Rucaparib, a PARP inhibitor, is important for ATRT cell growth. This study aims to investigate the effect of Rucaparib treatment in ATRT. Methods This study utilized cell viability, colony formation, flow cytometry, western blot, immunofluorescence, and immunohistochemistry assays to investigate Rucaparib's effectiveness in BT16 and MAF737 ATRT cell lines. In vivo, intracranial orthotopic xenograft model of ATRT was used. BT16 cell line was transduced with a luciferase-expressing vector and injected into the cerebellum of athymic nude mice. Animals were treated with Rucaparib by oral gavaging and irradiated with 2 Gy of radiation for 3 consecutive days. Tumor growth was monitored using In Vivo Imaging System. Results Rucaparib treatment decreased ATRT cell growth, inhibited clonogenic potential of ATRT cells, induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, and led to DNA damage accumulation as shown by increased expression of γH2AX. In vivo, Rucaparib treatment decreased tumor growth, sensitized ATRT cells to radiation and significantly increased mice survival. Conclusion We demonstrated that Rucaparib has potential to be a new therapeutic strategy for ATRT as seen by its ability to decrease ATRT tumor growth both in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Angela Pierce
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Dong Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Krishna Madhavan
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Breauna Brunt
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Sujatha Venkataraman
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
- The Morgan Adams Foundation Pediatric Brain Tumor Research Program, Children’s Hospital, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Rajeev Vibhakar
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
- The Morgan Adams Foundation Pediatric Brain Tumor Research Program, Children’s Hospital, Aurora, Colorado, USA
- Center for Cancer and Blood Disorders, Children’s Hospital, Aurora, Colorado, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, USA
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74
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Cao Q, Li L, Zhao Y, Wang C, Shi Y, Tao X, Cai C, Han XX. PARPi Decreased Primary Ovarian Cancer Organoid Growth Through Early Apoptosis and Base Excision Repair Pathway. Cell Transplant 2023; 32:9636897231187996. [PMID: 37488947 PMCID: PMC10369085 DOI: 10.1177/09636897231187996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer (OC), particularly high-grade serous cancer (HGSC), is the leading cause of mortality among gynecological cancers owing to the treatment difficulty and high recurrence probability. As therapeutic drugs approved for OC, poly ADP-ribose polymerase inhibitors (PARPi) lead to synthetic lethality by inhibiting single-strand DNA repair, particularly in homologous recombination-deficient cancers. However, even PARPi have distinct efficacies and are prone to have drug resistance, the molecular mechanisms underlying the PARPi resistance in OC remain unclear. A patient-derived organoid platform was generated and treated with a PARPi to understand the factors associated with PARPi resistance. PARPi significantly inhibits organoid growth. After 72 h of treatment, both the size of organoids and the numbers of adherent cells decreased. Moreover, immunofluorescence results showed that the proportion of Ki67 positive cells significantly reduced. When the PARPi concentration reached 200 nM, the percentage of Ki67+/4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) cells decreased approximately 50%. PARPi treatment also affected the expression of genes involved in base excision repair and cell cycle. Functional assays revealed that PARPi inhibits cell growth by upregulating early apoptosis. The expression levels of several key genes were validated. In addition to previously reported genes, some promising genes FEN1 and POLA2, were also be founded. The results demonstrate the complex effects of PARPi treatment on changes in potential genes relevant to PARPi resistance, and provide perspectives for further research on the PARPi resistance mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Cao
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lanyang Li
- Shanghai Lisheng Biotech, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuqing Zhao
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chen Wang
- Shanghai Lisheng Biotech, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Xiang Tao
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Xin-Xin Han
- Shanghai Key laboratory of Craniomaxillofacial Development and Diseases, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital and School of Stomatology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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75
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Okunlola FO, Olotu FA, Soliman MES. Unveiling the mechanistic roles of chlorine substituted phthalazinone-based compounds containing chlorophenyl moiety towards the differential inhibition of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 in the treatment of lung cancer. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2022; 40:10878-10886. [PMID: 34463214 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2021.1951354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
PARP-1 has become an attractive target in cancer treatment owing to its significant role in breast and ovarian cancers. The design of highly selective and effective poly (ADP ribose) polymerase-1 inhibitors has significant therapeutic advantages and has remained the core of several PARP-1-based drug discovery research. The pharmacophoric relevance of a chlorine substituent in a recent study led to the design of compounds 11c (meta-chlorophenyl) and 11d (para-chlorophenyl). In this study, we resolved the mechanistic effects of the changes in chlorine positional orientation, which underlie the inhibitory potencies and selectivity exhibited disparately by 11c and 11d. Compared to 11d, among other multiple higher-affinity complementary interactions with key site residues, the meta-Cl positioning in 11c facilitated its optimal motion and orientation towards conserved residues Arg878 and Asp766 with consistent pi-cation and pi-anion interactions, respectively, thereby favoring the stability of the ligand towards PARP-1. These could account for the higher inhibitory potency exhibited by 11c relative to 11d against PARP-1. The thermodynamics calculation revealed that 11c had a relatively higher total binding energy (ΔGbind) than 11d. We also observed that 11d displayed high deviations, compared to 11c, indicative of its unstable binding orientation. Furthermore, we reported in this study that the high involvement of electrostatic and van der Waal effects potentiated the binding affinity and strength of 11c (ΔEvdW = -50.58 and ΔEele = -27.20) relative to 11d (ΔEvdW = -49.46 and ΔEele = -19.96) at PARP-1 binding pocket. We believe the findings in this current study would provide valuable insights into the design of selective PARP-1 inhibitors containing chlorine substituent for cancer treatment, including lung cancer.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix O Okunlola
- Molecular Bio-computation and Drug Design Laboratory, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Fisayo A Olotu
- Molecular Bio-computation and Drug Design Laboratory, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Mahmoud E S Soliman
- Molecular Bio-computation and Drug Design Laboratory, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
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Sadek M, Sheth A, Zimmerman G, Hays E, Vélez-Cruz R. The role of SWI/SNF chromatin remodelers in the repair of DNA double strand breaks and cancer therapy. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:1071786. [PMID: 36605718 PMCID: PMC9810387 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.1071786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Switch/Sucrose non-fermenting (SWI/SNF) chromatin remodelers hydrolyze ATP to push and slide nucleosomes along the DNA thus modulating access to various genomic loci. These complexes are the most frequently mutated epigenetic regulators in human cancers. SWI/SNF complexes are well known for their function in transcription regulation, but more recent work has uncovered a role for these complexes in the repair of DNA double strand breaks (DSBs). As radiotherapy and most chemotherapeutic agents kill cancer cells by inducing double strand breaks, by identifying a role for these complexes in double strand break repair we are also identifying a DNA repair vulnerability that can be exploited therapeutically in the treatment of SWI/SNF-mutated cancers. In this review we summarize work describing the function of various SWI/SNF subunits in the repair of double strand breaks with a focus on homologous recombination repair and discuss the implication for the treatment of cancers with SWI/SNF mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Sadek
- Biomedical Sciences Program, College of Graduate Studies, Midwestern University, Downers Grove, IL, United States
| | - Anand Sheth
- Chicago College of Osteopathic Medicine, Midwestern University, Downers Grove, IL, United States
| | - Grant Zimmerman
- Chicago College of Osteopathic Medicine, Midwestern University, Downers Grove, IL, United States
| | - Emily Hays
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, College of Graduate Studies, Midwestern University, Downers Grove, IL, United States
| | - Renier Vélez-Cruz
- Chicago College of Osteopathic Medicine, Midwestern University, Downers Grove, IL, United States
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, College of Graduate Studies, Midwestern University, Downers Grove, IL, United States
- Chicago College of Optometry, Midwestern University, Downers Grove, IL, United States
- Chicago College of Pharmacy, Midwestern University, Downers Grove, IL, United States
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Amé JC, Nguekeu-Zebase L, Harwood D, Yildirim Z, Roegel L, Boos A, Dantzer F. Purification of Recombinant Human PARP-3. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2609:419-441. [PMID: 36515851 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2891-1_26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The purification of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-3 (PARP-3) from overexpressing cells (Sf9 insect cells, Escherichia coli) has been updated to a fast and reproducible two-chromatographic-step protocol. After cell lysis, PARP-3 protein from the crude extract is affinity purified on a 3-aminobenzamide Sepharose™ chromatographic step. The last contaminants and the 3-methoxybenzamide used to elute PARP-3 from the previous affinity column are removed on the high-performance strong cation exchanger MonoQ™ matrix. This step allows also the concentration of the protein. The columns connected to an A° KTA™ purifier system allow the purification of the protein in three days with a high-yield recovery. As described in the protocol, more than 3 mg of pure and active human PARP-3 can be obtained from 1.5 L of E. coli culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Christophe Amé
- Groupe Poly (ADP-ribosyl)ation et Intégrité du Génome, UMR7242 du CNRS É cole Supérieure de Biotechnologie de Strasbourg Parc d'innovation, Illkirch Cedex, France.
| | - Leonel Nguekeu-Zebase
- Groupe Poly (ADP-ribosyl)ation et Intégrité du Génome, UMR7242 du CNRS É cole Supérieure de Biotechnologie de Strasbourg Parc d'innovation, Illkirch Cedex, France
| | - Daisy Harwood
- Groupe Poly (ADP-ribosyl)ation et Intégrité du Génome, UMR7242 du CNRS É cole Supérieure de Biotechnologie de Strasbourg Parc d'innovation, Illkirch Cedex, France
| | - Zuleyha Yildirim
- Groupe Poly (ADP-ribosyl)ation et Intégrité du Génome, UMR7242 du CNRS É cole Supérieure de Biotechnologie de Strasbourg Parc d'innovation, Illkirch Cedex, France
| | - Lisa Roegel
- Groupe Poly (ADP-ribosyl)ation et Intégrité du Génome, UMR7242 du CNRS É cole Supérieure de Biotechnologie de Strasbourg Parc d'innovation, Illkirch Cedex, France
| | - Agathe Boos
- Groupe Poly (ADP-ribosyl)ation et Intégrité du Génome, UMR7242 du CNRS É cole Supérieure de Biotechnologie de Strasbourg Parc d'innovation, Illkirch Cedex, France
| | - Françoise Dantzer
- Groupe Poly (ADP-ribosyl)ation et Intégrité du Génome, UMR7242 du CNRS É cole Supérieure de Biotechnologie de Strasbourg Parc d'innovation, Illkirch Cedex, France
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Wang H, Xie H, Wang S, Zhao J, Gao Y, Chen J, Zhao Y, Guo G. PARP-1 genetic polymorphism associated with radiation sensitivity of non-small cell lung cancer. Pathol Oncol Res 2022; 28:1610751. [PMID: 36590386 PMCID: PMC9795517 DOI: 10.3389/pore.2022.1610751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
About 70% of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients require radiotherapy. However, due to the difference in radiation sensitivity, the treatment outcome may differ for the same pathology and choice of treatment. Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP-1) is a key gene responsible for DNA repair and is involved in base excision repair as well as repair of single strand break induced by ionizing radiation and oxidative damage. In order to investigate the relationship between PARP-1 gene polymorphism and radiation sensitivity in NSCLC, we collected 141 primary NSCLC patients undergoing three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy. For each case, the gross tumor volumes (GTV) before radiation and that after 40 Gy radiation were measured to calculate the tumor regression rate. TaqMan real-time polymerase chain reaction was performed to genotype the single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Genotype frequencies for PARP-1 genotypes were 14.2% for C/C, 44.7% for C/G and 41.1% for G/G. The average tumor regression rate after 40 Gy radiation therapy was 35.1% ± 0.192. Tumor regression rate of mid-term RT of C/C genotype was 44.6% ± 0.170, which was higher than that of genotype C/G and G/G (32.4% ± 0.196 and 34.8% ± 0.188, respectively) with statistical significance (F = 3.169 p = 0.045). The higher tumor regression rate in patients with C/C genotype suggested that G allele was a protective factor against radiation therapy. Using the median tumor regression rate of 34%, we divided the entire cohort into two groups, and found that the frequency distribution of PARP-1 gene rs3219073 had significant difference between these two groups (p < 0.05). These results showed that PARP-1 gene polymorphism may affect patient radiation sensitivity and predict the efficacy of radiotherapy. It therefore presents an opportunity for developing new therapeutic targets to improve radiotherapy outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hetong Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Tenth People’s Hospital of Shenyang, Shenyang, China,Department of Radiation Oncology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Haitao Xie
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Liaoning Cancer Hospital, Shenyang, China
| | | | - Jiaying Zhao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Qingdao United Family Healthcare, Qingdao, China
| | - Ya Gao
- Department of Oncology, Kailuan Hospital, Tangshan, Hebei, China
| | - Jun Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Tenth People’s Hospital of Shenyang, Shenyang, China
| | - Yuxia Zhao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Genyan Guo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China,*Correspondence: Genyan Guo,
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79
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Role of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 in regulating human islet cell differentiation. Sci Rep 2022; 12:21496. [PMID: 36513699 PMCID: PMC9747708 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-25405-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP1), a fundamental DNA repair enzyme, is known to regulate β cell death, replication, and insulin secretion. PARP1 knockout (KO) mice are resistant to diabetes, while PARP1 overactivation contributes to β cell death. Additionally, PARP1 inhibition (PARPi) improves diabetes complications in patients with type-2 diabetes. Despite these beneficial effects, the use of PARP1 modulating agents in diabetes treatment is largely neglected, primarily due to the poorly studied mechanistic action of PARP1 catalytic function in human β cell development. In the present study, we evaluated PARP1 regulatory action in human β cell differentiation using the human pancreatic progenitor cell line, PANC-1. We surveyed islet census and histology from PARP1 wild-type versus KO mice pancreas in a head-to-head comparison with PARP1 regulatory action for in-vitro β cell differentiation following either PARP1 depletion or its pharmacological inhibition in PANC-1-differentiated islet cells. shRNA mediated PARP1 depleted (SiP) and shRNA control (U6) PANC-1 cells were differentiated into islet-like clusters using established protocols. We observed complete abrogation of new β cell formation with absolute PARP1 depletion while its inhibition using the potent inhibitor, PJ34, promoted the endocrine β cell differentiation and maturation. Immunohistochemistry and immunoblotting for key endocrine differentiation players along with β cell maturation markers highlighted the potential regulatory action of PARP1 and augmented β cell differentiation due to direct interaction of unmodified PARP1 protein elicited p38 MAPK phosphorylation and Neurogenin-3 (Ngn3) re-activation. In summary, our study suggests that PARP1 is required for the proper development and differentiation of human islets. Selective inhibition with PARPi can be an advantage in pushing more insulin-producing cells under pathological conditions and delivers a potential for pilot clinical testing for β cell replacement cell therapies for diabetes.
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80
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Pan T, Wang S, Feng H, Xu J, Zhang M, Yao Y, Xu K, Niu M. Preclinical evaluation of the ROCK1 inhibitor, GSK269962A, in acute myeloid leukemia. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1064470. [PMID: 36561342 PMCID: PMC9763303 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1064470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is an aggressive hematologic malignancy with high mortality that urgently requires new treatments. ROCK1 plays an essential role in regulating growth and survival in AML cells. In this study, we evaluated GSK269962A, a selective ROCK1 inhibitor, in preclinical models of AML. Compared with solid tumors, GSK269962A selectively inhibited cell growth and clonogenicity of AML cells. Furthermore, GSK269962A arrested AML cells in the G2 phase and induced apoptosis by regulating multiple cell cycle- and apoptosis-associated proteins. Strikingly, GSK269962A could eliminate leukemia cells from bone marrow, liver, and spleen in an animal model of AML and significantly prolong mouse survival. Mechanistically, GSK269962A could inhibit the growth of AML by blocking ROCK1/c-Raf/ERK signaling pathway. Notably, a correlation was found between the expression levels of ROCK1 protein and the sensitivity of GSK269962A in AML. These data highlight the potential role of ROCK1 as an attractive target for treating AML, as well as the potential of GSK269962A for use in clinical trials of AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Pan
- Blood Diseases Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China,Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Sijia Wang
- Blood Diseases Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China,Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hao Feng
- Blood Diseases Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China,Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiawen Xu
- Blood Diseases Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China,Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Miao Zhang
- Blood Diseases Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China,Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yao Yao
- Blood Diseases Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China,Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Kailin Xu
- Blood Diseases Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China,Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China,*Correspondence: Kailin Xu, ; Mingshan Niu,
| | - Mingshan Niu
- Blood Diseases Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China,Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China,*Correspondence: Kailin Xu, ; Mingshan Niu,
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81
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Zhang G, Wang Z, Bavarva J, Kuhns KJ, Guo J, Ledet EM, Qian C, Lin Y, Fang Z, Zabaleta J, Valle LD, Hu JJ, Mandal D, Liu W. A Recurrent ADPRHL1 Germline Mutation Activates PARP1 and Confers Prostate Cancer Risk in African American Families. Mol Cancer Res 2022; 20:1776-1784. [PMID: 35816343 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-21-0874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
African American (AA) families have the highest risk of prostate cancer. However, the genetic factors contributing to prostate cancer susceptibility in AA families remain poorly understood. We performed whole-exome sequencing of one affected and one unaffected brother in an AA family with hereditary prostate cancer. The novel non-synonymous variants discovered only in the affected individuals were further analyzed in all affected and unaffected men in 20 AA-PC families. Here, we report one rare recurrent ADPRHL1 germline mutation (c.A233T; p.D78V) in four of the 20 families affected by prostate cancer. The mutation co-segregates with prostate cancer in two families and presents in two affected men in the other two families, but was absent in 170 unrelated healthy AA men. Functional characterization of the mutation in benign prostate cells showed aberrant promotion of cell proliferation, whereas expression of the wild-type ADPRHL1 in prostate cancer cells suppressed cell proliferation and oncogenesis. Mechanistically, the ADPRHL1 mutant activates PARP1, leading to an increased H2O2 or cisplatin-induced DNA damage response for prostate cancer cell survival. Indeed, the PARP1 inhibitor, olaparib, suppresses prostate cancer cell survival induced by mutant ADPRHL1. Given that the expression levels of ADPRHL1 are significantly high in normal prostate tissues and reduce stepwise as Gleason scores increase in tumors, our findings provide genetic, biochemical, and clinicopathological evidence that ADPRHL1 is a tumor suppressor in prostate tissue. A loss of function mutation in ADPRHL1 induces prostate tumorigenesis and confers prostate cancer susceptibility in high-risk AA families. IMPLICATIONS This study highlights a potential strategy for ADPRHL1 mutation detection in prostate cancer-risk assessment and a potential therapeutic application for individuals with prostate cancer in AA families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanyi Zhang
- Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Zemin Wang
- Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Jasmin Bavarva
- Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Katherine J Kuhns
- Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Jianhui Guo
- Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Elisa M Ledet
- Department of Genetics, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Chiping Qian
- Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Yuan Lin
- Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Zhide Fang
- Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans Louisiana
| | - Jovanny Zabaleta
- Department of Interdisciplinary Oncology, Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Luis Del Valle
- Department of Pathology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Louisiana Cancer Research Center, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Jennifer J Hu
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Diptasri Mandal
- Department of Genetics, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Wanguo Liu
- Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana.,Department of Genetics, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University, New Orleans, Louisiana
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82
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Sherif S, Roelands J, Mifsud W, Ahmed EI, Raynaud CM, Rinchai D, Sathappan A, Maaz A, Saleh A, Ozer E, Fakhro KA, Mifsud B, Thorsson V, Bedognetti D, Hendrickx WRL. The immune landscape of solid pediatric tumors. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2022; 41:199. [PMID: 35690832 PMCID: PMC9188257 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-022-02397-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Large immunogenomic analyses have demonstrated the prognostic role of the functional orientation of the tumor microenvironment in adult solid tumors, this variable has been poorly explored in the pediatric counterpart.
Methods
We performed a systematic analysis of public RNAseq data (TARGET) for five pediatric tumor types (408 patients): Wilms tumor (WLM), neuroblastoma (NBL), osteosarcoma (OS), clear cell sarcoma of the kidney (CCSK) and rhabdoid tumor of the kidney (RT). We assessed the performance of the Immunologic Constant of Rejection (ICR), which captures an active Th1/cytotoxic response. We also performed gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA) and clustered more than 100 well characterized immune traits to define immune subtypes and compared their outcome.
Results
A higher ICR score was associated with better survival in OS and high risk NBL without MYCN amplification but with poorer survival in WLM. Clustering of immune traits revealed the same five principal modules previously described in adult tumors (TCGA). These modules divided pediatric patients into six immune subtypes (S1-S6) with distinct survival outcomes. The S2 cluster showed the best overall survival, characterized by low enrichment of the wound healing signature, high Th1, and low Th2 infiltration, while the reverse was observed in S4. Upregulation of the WNT/Beta-catenin pathway was associated with unfavorable outcomes and decreased T-cell infiltration in OS.
Conclusions
We demonstrated that extracranial pediatric tumors could be classified according to their immune disposition, unveiling similarities with adults’ tumors. Immunological parameters might be explored to refine diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers and to identify potential immune-responsive tumors.
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83
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Spina R, Mills I, Ahmad F, Chen C, Ames HM, Winkles JA, Woodworth GF, Bar EE. DHODH inhibition impedes glioma stem cell proliferation, induces DNA damage, and prolongs survival in orthotopic glioblastoma xenografts. Oncogene 2022; 41:5361-5372. [PMID: 36344676 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-022-02517-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Glioma stem cells (GSCs) promote tumor progression and therapeutic resistance and exhibit remarkable bioenergetic and metabolic plasticity, a phenomenon that has been linked to their ability to escape standard and targeted therapies. However, specific mechanisms that promote therapeutic resistance have been somewhat elusive. We hypothesized that because GSCs proliferate continuously, they may require the salvage and de novo nucleotide synthesis pathways to satisfy their bioenergetic needs. Here, we demonstrate that GSCs lacking EGFR (or EGFRvIII) amplification are exquisitely sensitive to de novo pyrimidine synthesis perturbations, while GSCs that amplify EGFR are utterly resistant. Furthermore, we show that EGFRvIII promotes BAY2402234 resistance in otherwise BAY2402234 responsive GSCs. Remarkably, a novel, orally bioavailable, blood-brain-barrier penetrating, dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH) inhibitor BAY2402234 was found to abrogate GSC proliferation, block cell-cycle progression, and induce DNA damage and apoptosis. When dosed daily by oral gavage, BAY2402234 significantly impaired the growth of two different intracranial human glioblastoma xenograft models in mice. Given this observed efficacy and the previously established safety profiles in preclinical animal models and human clinical trials, the clinical testing of BAY2402234 in patients with primary glioblastoma that lacks EGFR amplification is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffaella Spina
- Department of Pathology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ian Mills
- Department of Pathology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Fahim Ahmad
- Department of Pathology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Chixiang Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Epidemiology & Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Heather M Ames
- Department of Pathology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,University of Maryland, Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jeffrey A Winkles
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,University of Maryland, Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Graeme F Woodworth
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,University of Maryland, Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Eli E Bar
- Department of Pathology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA. .,Department of Neurosurgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA. .,University of Maryland, Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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84
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Recent advances in ATM inhibitors as potential therapeutic agents. Future Med Chem 2022; 14:1811-1830. [PMID: 36484176 DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2022-0252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
ATM, a member of the PIKK-like protein family, plays a central role in responding to DNA double-strand breaks and other lesions to protect the genome against DNA damage. Loss of ATM's kinase function has been shown to increase the sensitivity of most cells to ionizing radiation. Therefore, ATM is thought to be a promising target for chemotherapy as a radiotherapy sensitizer. The mechanism of ATM in cancer treatment and the development of its inhibitors have become research hotspots. Here we present an overview of research concerning ATM protein domains, functions and inhibitors, as well as perspectives and insights for future development of ATM-targeting agents.
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85
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He Q, Chen J, Xie Z, Chen Z. Wild-Type Isocitrate Dehydrogenase-Dependent Oxidative Decarboxylation and Reductive Carboxylation in Cancer and Their Clinical Significance. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14235779. [PMID: 36497259 PMCID: PMC9741289 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14235779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The human isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) gene encodes for the isoenzymes IDH1, 2, and 3, which catalyze the conversion of isocitrate and α-ketoglutarate (α-KG) and are required for normal mammalian metabolism. Isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 and 2 catalyze the reversible conversion of isocitrate to α-KG. Isocitrate dehydrogenase 3 is the key enzyme that mediates the production of α-KG from isocitrate in the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle. In the TCA cycle, the decarboxylation reaction catalyzed by isocitrate dehydrogenase mediates the conversion of isocitrate to α-KG accompanied by dehydrogenation, a process commonly known as oxidative decarboxylation. The formation of 6-C isocitrate from α-KG and CO2 catalyzed by IDH is termed reductive carboxylation. This IDH-mediated reversible reaction is of great importance in tumor cells. We outline the role of the various isocitrate dehydrogenase isoforms in cancer, discuss the metabolic implications of interference with IDH, summarize therapeutic interventions targeting changes in IDH expression, and highlight areas for future research.
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86
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DNA Damage Response in Cancer Therapy and Resistance: Challenges and Opportunities. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232314672. [PMID: 36499000 PMCID: PMC9735783 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232314672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Resistance to chemo- and radiotherapy is a common event among cancer patients and a reason why new cancer therapies and therapeutic strategies need to be in continuous investigation and development. DNA damage response (DDR) comprises several pathways that eliminate DNA damage to maintain genomic stability and integrity, but different types of cancers are associated with DDR machinery defects. Many improvements have been made in recent years, providing several drugs and therapeutic strategies for cancer patients, including those targeting the DDR pathways. Currently, poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors (PARP inhibitors) are the DDR inhibitors (DDRi) approved for several cancers, including breast, ovarian, pancreatic, and prostate cancer. However, PARPi resistance is a growing issue in clinical settings that increases disease relapse and aggravate patients' prognosis. Additionally, resistance to other DDRi is also being found and investigated. The resistance mechanisms to DDRi include reversion mutations, epigenetic modification, stabilization of the replication fork, and increased drug efflux. This review highlights the DDR pathways in cancer therapy, its role in the resistance to conventional treatments, and its exploitation for anticancer treatment. Biomarkers of treatment response, combination strategies with other anticancer agents, resistance mechanisms, and liabilities of treatment with DDR inhibitors are also discussed.
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87
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Daley JD, Olson AC, Bailey KM. Harnessing immunomodulation during DNA damage in Ewing sarcoma. Front Oncol 2022; 12:1048705. [PMID: 36483025 PMCID: PMC9722957 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1048705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Ewing sarcoma is a fusion-oncoprotein-driven primary bone tumor most commonly diagnosed in adolescents. Given the continued poor outcomes for patients with metastatic and relapsed Ewing sarcoma, testing innovative therapeutic approaches is essential. Ewing sarcoma has been categorized as a 'BRCAness' tumor with emerging data characterizing a spectrum of DNA damage repair defects within individual Ewing tumors, including the presence of EWSR1::FLI1 itself, recurrent somatic mutations, and rare germline-based defects. It is critical to understand the cumulative impact of various DNA damage repair defects on an individual Ewing tumor's response to therapy. Further, in addition to DNA-damage-directed therapies, subsets of Ewing tumors may be more susceptible to DNA-damage/immunotherapy combinations given the significant cross-talk between DNA damage and inflammatory pathways in the tumor microenvironment. Here we review potential approaches utilizing DNA-damaging agents as modulators of the Ewing tumor immune microenvironment, with a focus on radiation and opportunities during disease metastasis and relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica D. Daley
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Adam C. Olson
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Kelly M. Bailey
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States,Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Program, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, United States,*Correspondence: Kelly M. Bailey,
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88
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Role of PARP Inhibitors in Cancer Immunotherapy: Potential Friends to Immune Activating Molecules and Foes to Immune Checkpoints. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14225633. [PMID: 36428727 PMCID: PMC9688455 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14225633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors (PARPi) induce cytotoxic effects as single agents in tumors characterized by defective repair of DNA double-strand breaks deriving from BRCA1/2 mutations or other abnormalities in genes associated with homologous recombination. Preclinical studies have shown that PARPi-induced DNA damage may affect the tumor immune microenvironment and immune-mediated anti-tumor response through several mechanisms. In particular, increased DNA damage has been shown to induce the activation of type I interferon pathway and up-regulation of PD-L1 expression in cancer cells, which can both enhance sensitivity to Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors (ICIs). Despite the recent approval of ICIs for a number of advanced cancer types based on their ability to reinvigorate T-cell-mediated antitumor immune responses, a consistent percentage of treated patients fail to respond, strongly encouraging the identification of combination therapies to overcome resistance. In the present review, we analyzed both established and unexplored mechanisms that may be elicited by PARPi, supporting immune reactivation and their potential synergism with currently used ICIs. This analysis may indicate novel and possibly patient-specific immune features that might represent new pharmacological targets of PARPi, potentially leading to the identification of predictive biomarkers of response to their combination with ICIs.
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89
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Mosler T, Baymaz HI, Gräf JF, Mikicic I, Blattner G, Bartlett E, Ostermaier M, Piccinno R, Yang J, Voigt A, Gatti M, Pellegrino S, Altmeyer M, Luck K, Ahel I, Roukos V, Beli P. PARP1 proximity proteomics reveals interaction partners at stressed replication forks. Nucleic Acids Res 2022; 50:11600-11618. [PMID: 36350633 PMCID: PMC9723622 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkac948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
PARP1 mediates poly-ADP-ribosylation of proteins on chromatin in response to different types of DNA lesions. PARP inhibitors are used for the treatment of BRCA1/2-deficient breast, ovarian, and prostate cancer. Loss of DNA replication fork protection is proposed as one mechanism that contributes to the vulnerability of BRCA1/2-deficient cells to PARP inhibitors. However, the mechanisms that regulate PARP1 activity at stressed replication forks remain poorly understood. Here, we performed proximity proteomics of PARP1 and isolation of proteins on stressed replication forks to map putative PARP1 regulators. We identified TPX2 as a direct PARP1-binding protein that regulates the auto-ADP-ribosylation activity of PARP1. TPX2 interacts with DNA damage response proteins and promotes homology-directed repair of DNA double-strand breaks. Moreover, TPX2 mRNA levels are increased in BRCA1/2-mutated breast and prostate cancers, and high TPX2 expression levels correlate with the sensitivity of cancer cells to PARP-trapping inhibitors. We propose that TPX2 confers a mitosis-independent function in the cellular response to replication stress by interacting with PARP1.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - H Irem Baymaz
- Institute of Molecular Biology (IMB), Mainz 55128, Germany
| | - Justus F Gräf
- Institute of Molecular Biology (IMB), Mainz 55128, Germany
| | - Ivan Mikicic
- Institute of Molecular Biology (IMB), Mainz 55128, Germany
| | | | - Edward Bartlett
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3RE, UK
| | | | | | - Jiwen Yang
- Institute of Molecular Biology (IMB), Mainz 55128, Germany
| | - Andrea Voigt
- Institute of Molecular Biology (IMB), Mainz 55128, Germany
| | - Marco Gatti
- Department of Molecular Mechanisms of Disease, University of Zurich, Zurich CH-8057, Switzerland
| | - Stefania Pellegrino
- Department of Molecular Mechanisms of Disease, University of Zurich, Zurich CH-8057, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Altmeyer
- Department of Molecular Mechanisms of Disease, University of Zurich, Zurich CH-8057, Switzerland
| | - Katja Luck
- Institute of Molecular Biology (IMB), Mainz 55128, Germany
| | - Ivan Ahel
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3RE, UK
| | | | - Petra Beli
- Institute of Molecular Biology (IMB), Mainz 55128, Germany
- Institute of Developmental Biology and Neurobiology (IDN), Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, Mainz, Germany
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90
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Liao M, Beltman J, Giordano H, Harding TC, Maloney L, Simmons AD, Xiao JJ. Clinical Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Rucaparib. Clin Pharmacokinet 2022; 61:1477-1493. [PMID: 36107395 PMCID: PMC9652254 DOI: 10.1007/s40262-022-01157-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Rucaparib is an oral small-molecule poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitor indicated for patients with recurrent ovarian cancer in the maintenance and treatment settings and for patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer associated with a deleterious BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation. Rucaparib has a manageable safety profile; the most common adverse events reported were fatigue and nausea in both indications. Accumulation in plasma exposure occurred after repeated administration of the approved 600-mg twice-daily dosage. Steady state was achieved after continuous twice-daily dosing for a week. Rucaparib has moderate oral bioavailability and can be dosed with or without food. Although a high-fat meal weakly increased maximum concentration and area under the curve, the effect was not clinically significant. A mass balance analysis indicated almost a complete dose recovery of rucaparib over 12 days, with metabolism, renal, and hepatic excretion as the elimination routes. A population pharmacokinetic analysis of rucaparib revealed no effect of age, sex, race, or body weight. No starting dose adjustments were necessary for patients with mild-to-moderate hepatic or renal impairment; the effect of severe organ impairment on rucaparib exposure has not been evaluated. In patients, rucaparib moderately inhibited cytochrome P450 (CYP) 1A2 and weakly inhibited CYP3As, CYP2C9, and CYP2C19. Rucaparib weakly increased systemic exposures of oral contraceptives and oral rosuvastatin and marginally increased the exposure of oral digoxin (a P-glycoprotein substrate). In vitro studies suggested that rucaparib inhibits transporters MATE1, MATE2-K, OCT1, and OCT2. No clinically meaningful drug interactions with rucaparib as a perpetrator were observed. An exposure-response analysis revealed dose-dependent changes in selected clinical efficacy and safety endpoints. Overall, this article provides a comprehensive review of the clinical pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, drug-drug interactions, effects of intrinsic and extrinsic factors, and exposure-response relationships of rucaparib.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingxiang Liao
- Clovis Oncology, Inc., 500 Flatiron Pkwy, Suite 100, Boulder, CO, 80301, USA
| | - Jeri Beltman
- Clovis Oncology, Inc., 500 Flatiron Pkwy, Suite 100, Boulder, CO, 80301, USA
| | - Heidi Giordano
- Clovis Oncology, Inc., 500 Flatiron Pkwy, Suite 100, Boulder, CO, 80301, USA
| | - Thomas C Harding
- Clovis Oncology, Inc., 500 Flatiron Pkwy, Suite 100, Boulder, CO, 80301, USA
| | - Lara Maloney
- Clovis Oncology, Inc., 500 Flatiron Pkwy, Suite 100, Boulder, CO, 80301, USA
| | - Andrew D Simmons
- Clovis Oncology, Inc., 500 Flatiron Pkwy, Suite 100, Boulder, CO, 80301, USA
| | - Jim J Xiao
- Clovis Oncology, Inc., 500 Flatiron Pkwy, Suite 100, Boulder, CO, 80301, USA.
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91
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Chu YY, Yam C, Yamaguchi H, Hung MC. Biomarkers beyond BRCA: promising combinatorial treatment strategies in overcoming resistance to PARP inhibitors. J Biomed Sci 2022; 29:86. [PMID: 36284291 PMCID: PMC9594904 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-022-00870-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors (PARPi) exploit the concept of synthetic lethality and offer great promise in the treatment of tumors with deficiencies in homologous recombination (HR) repair. PARPi exert antitumor activity by blocking Poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation (PARylation) and trapping PARP1 on damaged DNA. To date, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved four PARPi for the treatment of several cancer types including ovarian, breast, pancreatic and prostate cancer. Although patients with HR-deficient tumors benefit from PARPi, majority of tumors ultimately develop acquired resistance to PARPi. Furthermore, even though BRCA1/2 mutations are commonly used as markers of PARPi sensitivity in current clinical practice, not all patients with BRCA1/2 mutations have PARPi-sensitive disease. Thus, there is an urgent need to elucidate the molecular mechanisms of PARPi resistance to support the development of rational effective treatment strategies aimed at overcoming resistance to PARPi, as well as reliable biomarkers to accurately identify patients who will most likely benefit from treatment with PARPi, either as monotherapy or in combination with other agents, so called marker-guided effective therapy (Mget). In this review, we summarize the molecular mechanisms driving the efficacy of and resistance to PARPi as well as emerging therapeutic strategies to overcome PARPi resistance. We also highlight the identification of potential markers to predict PARPi resistance and guide promising PARPi-based combination strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Yi Chu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Clinton Yam
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.,Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Hirohito Yamaguchi
- Research Center for Cancer Biology, and Center for Molecular Medicine, Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, 100, Sec 1, Jingmao Rd., Beitun, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Mien-Chie Hung
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA. .,Research Center for Cancer Biology, and Center for Molecular Medicine, Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, 100, Sec 1, Jingmao Rd., Beitun, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan, ROC. .,Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, 413, Taiwan.
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92
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Shi D, Pang Q, Qin Q, Yao X, Yao X, Yu Y. Discovery of novel anti-tumor compounds targeting PARP-1 with induction of autophagy through in silico and in vitro screening. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1026306. [PMID: 36353483 PMCID: PMC9638114 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1026306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP-1) is a critical enzyme involved in DNA damage repair and recombination, and shows great potential for drug development in the treatment of cancers with defective DNA repair. The anti-tumor activities of PARP-1 inhibitors are regulated by both inhibition activities and allosteric mechanisms of PARP-1, and may also be involved in an autophagy-mediated process. Screening PARP-1 inhibitors with potential allosteric mechanisms and induced autophagy process could achieve elevated potency toward cancer cell killing. In this study, we tried to discover novel anti-tumor compounds targeting PARP-1 by computer simulations and in vitro screening. In order to filter PARP-1 inhibitors that could affect the folding state of the helix domain (HD) on PARP-1, the free energy contribution of key residues on HD were systematically analyzed using the ligand-binding crystal structures and integrated into in silico screening workflow for the selection of 20 pick-up compounds. Four compounds (Chemdiv codes: 8012-0567, 8018-6529, 8018-7168, 8018-7603) were proved with above 40% inhibitory ratio targeting PARP-1 under 20 μM, and further performed binding mode prediction and dynamic effect evaluation by molecular dynamics simulation. Further in vitro assays showed that compounds 8018-6529 and 8018-7168 could inhibit the growth of the human colorectal cancer cell (HCT-116) with IC50 values of 4.30 and 9.29 μM and were accompanied with an induced autophagy process. Taken together, we discover two novel anti-tumor compounds that target PARP-1 with an induced autophagy process and provide potential hit compounds for the anti-cancer drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danfeng Shi
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Ministry of Education (MOE) of China, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Yang Yu, ; Danfeng Shi,
| | - Qianqian Pang
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Ministry of Education (MOE) of China, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qianyu Qin
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Ministry of Education (MOE) of China, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinsheng Yao
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Ministry of Education (MOE) of China, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaojun Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau, China
| | - Yang Yu
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Ministry of Education (MOE) of China, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Yang Yu, ; Danfeng Shi,
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93
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Li N, Liu Q, Tian Y, Wu L. Overview of fuzuloparib in the treatment of ovarian cancer: background and future perspective. J Gynecol Oncol 2022; 33:e86. [PMID: 36335989 PMCID: PMC9634097 DOI: 10.3802/jgo.2022.33.e86] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the last decade, clinical trials using various poly ADP ribose polymerase (PARP) inhibitors on patients with ovarian cancer have shown promising results. The introduction of PARP inhibitors has changed the treatment landscape and improved outcomes for patients with ovarian cancer. Fuzuloparib, developed by Jiangsu Hengrui Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd., is a novel orally available small molecule PARP inhibitor. By introducing the trifluoromethyl group into chemical structure, fuzuloparib exhibits higher stability and lower inter-individual variability than other PARP inhibitors. Several clinical trials (FZOCUS series and others) have been carried out to assess the efficacy and safety of fuzuloparib through different lines of treatments for advanced or recurrent ovarian cancer in both treatment and maintenance. Here, we present the most recent data from these studies, discuss current progress and potential future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Li
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Liu
- Jiangsu Hengrui Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd. Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Tian
- Jiangsu Hengrui Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd. Shanghai, China
| | - Lingying Wu
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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94
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Nwaefulu ON, Al-Shar'i NA, Owolabi JO, Sagineedu SR, Woei LC, Wai LK, Islam MK, Jayanthi S, Stanslas J. The impact of cycleanine in cancer research: a computational study. J Mol Model 2022; 28:340. [PMID: 36194315 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-022-05326-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is imposing a global health burden because of the steady increase in new cases. Moreover, current anticancer therapeutics are associated with many drawbacks, mainly the emergence of resistance and the severe adverse effects. Therefore, there is a continuous need for developing new anticancer agents with novel mechanisms of action and lower side effects. Natural products have been a rich source of anticancer medication. Cycleanine, a natural product, was reported to exert an antiproliferative effect on ovarian cancer cells by causing apoptosis through activation of caspases 3/7 and cleavage of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase to form poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP1). It is well-established that PARP1 is associated with carcinogenesis, and different PARP1 inhibitors are approved as anticancer drugs. In this study, the cytotoxic activity of cycleanine was computationally investigated to determine whether it is a PARP1 inhibitor or a caspase activator. Molecular docking and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were utilized for this purpose. The results showed that cycleanine has a good binding affinity to PARP1; moreover, MD simulation showed that it forms a stable complex with the enzyme. Consequently, the results showed that cycleanine is a potential inhibitor of the PARP1 enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ogochukwu Ngozi Nwaefulu
- Pharmacotherapeutics Unit, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nizar A Al-Shar'i
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Josephine Omonkhelin Owolabi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Benin, Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria
| | - Sreenivasa Rao Sagineedu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Lim Chee Woei
- Pharmacotherapeutics Unit, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Lam Kok Wai
- Centre for Drug and Herbal Development, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 50300, Kuala Lumpur, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mohammad Kaisarul Islam
- Pharmacotherapeutics Unit, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Sivaraman Jayanthi
- Computational Drug Design Lab, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore-632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Johnson Stanslas
- Pharmacotherapeutics Unit, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
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95
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Peng X, Pan W, Jiang F, Chen W, Qi Z, Peng W, Chen J. Selective PARP1 Inhibitors, PARP1-based Dual-Target Inhibitors, PROTAC PARP1 Degraders, and Prodrugs of PARP1 Inhibitors for Cancer Therapy. Pharmacol Res 2022; 186:106529. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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96
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Liao X, Huang X, Li X, Qiu X, Li M, Liu R, He T, Tang Q. AMPK phosphorylates NAMPT to regulate NAD + homeostasis under ionizing radiation. Open Biol 2022; 12:220213. [PMID: 36196536 PMCID: PMC9532994 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.220213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiation-induced oral mucositis is the most common complication for patients who receive head/neck radiotherapy. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) is vital for DNA damage repair under ionizing radiation, through functioning as either the substrate for protein poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation at DNA break sites or the cofactor for multiple DNA repair-related enzymes, which therefore can result in a significant consumption of cellular NAD+ during DNA repair. Mammalian cells produce NAD+ mainly by recycling nicotinamide via the salvage pathway, in which the rate-limiting step is governed by nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT). However, whether NAMPT is co-opted under ionizing radiation to timely fine-tune NAD+ homeostasis remains elusive. Here we show that ionizing radiation evokes NAMPT activation within 30 min without apparent changes in its protein expression. AMPK rapidly phosphorylates NAMPT at S314 under ionizing radiation, which reinforces the enzymatic activity of NAMPT by increasing NAMPT binding with its substrate phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate (PRPP). AMPK-mediated NAMPT S314 phosphorylation substantially restores NAD+ level in the irradiated cells and facilitates DNA repair and cell viability. Our findings demonstrate a new post-translational modification-based signalling route, by which cells can rapidly orchestrate NAD+ metabolism to support DNA repair, thereby highlighting NAMPT as a potential target for the prevention of ionizing radiation-induced injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoke Huang
- Department of Urology, Xindu district People's hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, Sichuan 610500, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuemei Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Mi Li
- UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX 77225, USA
| | - Rui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao He
- Department of cardio-thoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, China National Nuclear Corporation 416 Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingfeng Tang
- Department of Urology, Xindu district People's hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, Sichuan 610500, People's Republic of China
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97
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Xue H, Bhardwaj A, Yin Y, Fijen C, Ephstein A, Zhang L, Ding X, Pascal JM, VanArsdale TL, Rothenberg E. A two-step mechanism governing PARP1-DNA retention by PARP inhibitors. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabq0414. [PMID: 36070389 PMCID: PMC9451145 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abq0414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
PARP inhibitors (PARPi) have emerged as promising cancer therapeutics capable of targeting specific DNA repair pathways, but their mechanism of action with respect to PARP1-DNA retention remains unclear. Here, we developed single-molecule assays to directly monitor the retention of PARP1 on DNA lesions in real time. Our study reveals a two-step mechanism by which PARPi modulate the retention of PARP1 on DNA lesions, consisting of a primary step of catalytic inhibition via binding competition with NAD+ followed by an allosteric modulation of bound PARPi. While clinically relevant PARPi exhibit distinct allosteric modulation activities that can either increase retention of PARP1 on DNA or induce its release, their retention potencies are predominantly determined by their ability to outcompete NAD+ binding. These findings provide a mechanistic basis for improved PARPi selection according to their characteristic activities and enable further development of more potent inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijun Xue
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology and Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Amit Bhardwaj
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology and Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Yandong Yin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology and Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Carel Fijen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology and Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Anastasiya Ephstein
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology and Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Lianglin Zhang
- Oncology Research and Development, Pfizer Inc., La Jolla, CA 92121, USA
| | - Xia Ding
- Oncology Research and Development, Pfizer Inc., La Jolla, CA 92121, USA
| | - John M. Pascal
- Département de Biochimie and Médecine Moléculaire, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal QC H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Todd L. VanArsdale
- Oncology Research and Development, Pfizer Inc., La Jolla, CA 92121, USA
- Corresponding author. (T.V.); (E.R.)
| | - Eli Rothenberg
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology and Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
- Corresponding author. (T.V.); (E.R.)
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98
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Bound NT, Vandenberg CJ, Kartikasari AER, Plebanski M, Scott CL. Improving PARP inhibitor efficacy in high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma: A focus on the immune system. Front Genet 2022; 13:886170. [PMID: 36159999 PMCID: PMC9505691 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.886170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
High-grade serous ovarian carcinoma (HGSOC) is a genomically unstable malignancy responsible for over 70% of all deaths due to ovarian cancer. With roughly 50% of all HGSOC harboring defects in the homologous recombination (HR) DNA repair pathway (e.g., BRCA1/2 mutations), the introduction of poly ADP-ribose polymerase inhibitors (PARPi) has dramatically improved outcomes for women with HR defective HGSOC. By blocking the repair of single-stranded DNA damage in cancer cells already lacking high-fidelity HR pathways, PARPi causes the accumulation of double-stranded DNA breaks, leading to cell death. Thus, this synthetic lethality results in PARPi selectively targeting cancer cells, resulting in impressive efficacy. Despite this, resistance to PARPi commonly develops through diverse mechanisms, such as the acquisition of secondary BRCA1/2 mutations. Perhaps less well documented is that PARPi can impact both the tumour microenvironment and the immune response, through upregulation of the stimulator of interferon genes (STING) pathway, upregulation of immune checkpoints such as PD-L1, and by stimulating the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Whilst targeted immunotherapies have not yet found their place in the clinic for HGSOC, the evidence above, as well as ongoing studies exploring the synergistic effects of PARPi with immune agents, including immune checkpoint inhibitors, suggests potential for targeting the immune response in HGSOC. Additionally, combining PARPi with epigenetic-modulating drugs may improve PARPi efficacy, by inducing a BRCA-defective phenotype to sensitise resistant cancer cells to PARPi. Finally, invigorating an immune response during PARPi therapy may engage anti-cancer immune responses that potentiate efficacy and mitigate the development of PARPi resistance. Here, we will review the emerging PARPi literature with a focus on PARPi effects on the immune response in HGSOC, as well as the potential of epigenetic combination therapies. We highlight the potential of transforming HGSOC from a lethal to a chronic disease and increasing the likelihood of cure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nirashaa T. Bound
- Cancer Biology and Stem Cells, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Cancer Ageing and Vaccines (CAVA), Translational Immunology & Nanotechnology Research Program, School of Health & Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Cassandra J. Vandenberg
- Cancer Biology and Stem Cells, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Apriliana E. R. Kartikasari
- Cancer Ageing and Vaccines (CAVA), Translational Immunology & Nanotechnology Research Program, School of Health & Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Magdalena Plebanski
- Cancer Ageing and Vaccines (CAVA), Translational Immunology & Nanotechnology Research Program, School of Health & Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Clare L. Scott
- Cancer Biology and Stem Cells, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Royal Women’s Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia
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99
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Paul S, Sinha S, Kundu CN. Targeting cancer stem cells in the tumor microenvironment: An emerging role of PARP inhibitors. Pharmacol Res 2022; 184:106425. [PMID: 36075511 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) constitute a small population of cancer cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME), which are responsible for metastasis, angiogenesis, drug resistance, and cancer relapse. Understanding the key signatures and resistance mechanisms of CSCs may help in the development of novel chemotherapeutic strategies to specifically target CSCs in the TME. PARP inhibitors (PARPi) are known to enhance the chemosensitivity of cancer cells to other chemotherapeutic agents by inhibiting the DNA repair pathways and chromatin modulation. But their effects on CSCs are still unknown. Few studies have reported that PARPi can stall replication fork progression in CSCs. PARPi also have the potential to overcome chemoresistance in CSCs and anti-angiogenic potentiality as well. Previous reports have suggested that epigenetic drugs can synergistically ameliorate the anti-cancer activities of PARPi through epigenetic modulations. In this review, we have systematically discussed the effects of PARPi on different DNA repair pathways with respect to CSCs and also how CSCs can be targeted either as monotherapy or as a part of combination therapy. We have also talked about how PARPi can help in reversal of chemoresistance of CSCs and the role of PARPi in epigenetic modifications to hinder cancer progression. We have also elaborated on the aspects of research that need to be investigated for development of successful therapeutic interventions using PARPi to specifically target CSCs in the TME.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subarno Paul
- Cancer Biology Division, School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT), Deemed to be University, Campus-11, Patia, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751024, India
| | - Saptarshi Sinha
- Cancer Biology Division, School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT), Deemed to be University, Campus-11, Patia, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751024, India
| | - Chanakya Nath Kundu
- Cancer Biology Division, School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT), Deemed to be University, Campus-11, Patia, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751024, India.
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100
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PARP inhibitors in small cell lung cancer: The underlying mechanisms and clinical implications. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 153:113458. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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