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Hamimed M, Leblond P, Dumont A, Gattacceca F, Tresch-Bruneel E, Probst A, Chastagner P, Pagnier A, De Carli E, Entz-Werlé N, Grill J, Aerts I, Frappaz D, Bertozzi-Salamon AI, Solas C, André N, Ciccolini J. Impact of pharmacogenetics on variability in exposure to oral vinorelbine among pediatric patients: a model-based population pharmacokinetic analysis. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2022; 90:29-44. [PMID: 35751658 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-022-04446-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Better understanding of pharmacokinetics of oral vinorelbine (VNR) in children would help predicting drug exposure and, beyond, clinical outcome. Here, we have characterized the population pharmacokinetics of oral VNR and studied the factors likely to explain the variability observed in VNR exposure among young patients. DESIGN/METHODS We collected blood samples from 36 patients (mean age 11.6 years) of the OVIMA multicentric phase II study in children with recurrent/progressive low-grade glioma. Patients received 60 mg/m2 of oral VNR on days 1, 8, and 15 during the first 28-day treatment cycle and 80 mg/m2, unless contraindicated, from cycle 2-12. Population pharmacokinetic analysis was performed using nonlinear mixed-effects modeling within the Monolix® software. Fifty SNPs of pharmacokinetic-related genes were genotyped. The influence of demographic, biological, and pharmacogenetic covariates on pharmacokinetic parameters was investigated using a stepwise multivariate procedure. RESULTS A three-compartment model, with a delayed double zero-order absorption and a first-order elimination, best described VNR pharmacokinetics in children. Typical population estimates for the apparent central volume of distribution (Vc/F) and elimination rate constant were 803 L and 0.60 h-1, respectively. Following covariate analysis, BSA, leukocytes count, and drug transport ABCB1-rs2032582 SNP showed a dramatic impact on Vc/F. Conversely, age and sex had no significant effect on VNR pharmacokinetics. CONCLUSION Beyond canonical BSA and leukocytes, ABCB1-rs2032582 polymorphism showed a meaningful impact on VNR systemic exposure. Simulations showed that the identified covariates could have an impact on both efficacy and toxicity outcomes. Thus, a personalized dosing strategy, using those covariates, could help to optimize the efficacy/toxicity balance of VNR in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mourad Hamimed
- SMARTc Unit, Cancer Research Center of Marseille, Inserm U1068-CNRS UMR 7258, Aix-Marseille University U105, 27 Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13385, Marseille, France. .,Inria-Inserm COMPO Team, Centre Inria Sophia Antipolis - Méditerranée, Inserm U1068-CNRS UMR 7258, Aix-Marseille University U105, Marseille, France.
| | - Pierre Leblond
- Institute of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology IHOPe, Léon Bérard Cancer Center, Lyon, France.,Department of Pediatric Oncology, Oscar Lambret Cancer Center, Lille, France
| | - Aurélie Dumont
- Unité d'Oncologie Moléculaire Humaine, Oscar Lambret Cancer Center, Lille, France
| | - Florence Gattacceca
- SMARTc Unit, Cancer Research Center of Marseille, Inserm U1068-CNRS UMR 7258, Aix-Marseille University U105, 27 Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13385, Marseille, France.,Inria-Inserm COMPO Team, Centre Inria Sophia Antipolis - Méditerranée, Inserm U1068-CNRS UMR 7258, Aix-Marseille University U105, Marseille, France
| | | | - Alicia Probst
- Département de la Recherche Clinique et Innovation, Oscar Lambret Cancer Center, Lille, France
| | - Pascal Chastagner
- Service d'Hémato-Oncologie Pédiatrique, Nancy University Hospital, Nancy, France
| | - Anne Pagnier
- Service d'Hémato-Oncologie Pédiatrique, Grenoble University Hospital, Grenoble, France
| | - Emilie De Carli
- Service d'Hémato-Oncologie Pédiatrique, Angers University Hospital, Angers, France
| | - Natacha Entz-Werlé
- Pédiatrie Onco-Hématologie Université de Strasbourg, CHRU Hautepierre, UMR CNRS 7021, Strasbourg, France
| | - Jacques Grill
- Département de Cancérologie de l'Enfant et de l'Adolescent et UMR CNRS 8203 Université Paris Saclay, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Isabelle Aerts
- SIREDO Centre (Care, Innovation and Research in Paediatric, Adolescent and Young Adult Oncology), Institut Curie-Oncology Center, Paris, France
| | - Didier Frappaz
- Institute of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology IHOPe, Léon Bérard Cancer Center, Lyon, France
| | | | - Caroline Solas
- Unité des Virus Émergents (UVE), Aix-Marseille Univ-IRD 190-Inserm 1207, Marseille, France.,Clinical Pharmacokinetics and Toxicology Laboratory, La Timone University Hospital of Marseille, APHM, Marseille, France
| | - Nicolas André
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, La Timone University Hospital of Marseille, APHM, Marseille, France
| | - Joseph Ciccolini
- SMARTc Unit, Cancer Research Center of Marseille, Inserm U1068-CNRS UMR 7258, Aix-Marseille University U105, 27 Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13385, Marseille, France.,Inria-Inserm COMPO Team, Centre Inria Sophia Antipolis - Méditerranée, Inserm U1068-CNRS UMR 7258, Aix-Marseille University U105, Marseille, France.,Clinical Pharmacokinetics and Toxicology Laboratory, La Timone University Hospital of Marseille, APHM, Marseille, France
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Low-Dose Metronomic Topotecan and Pazopanib (TOPAZ) in Children with Relapsed or Refractory Solid Tumors: A C17 Canadian Phase I Clinical Trial. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14122985. [PMID: 35740650 PMCID: PMC9221162 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14122985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral metronomic topotecan represents a novel approach to chemotherapy delivery which, in preclinical models, may work synergistically with pazopanib in targeting angiogenesis. A phase I and pharmacokinetic (PK) study of this combination was performed in children with relapsed/refractory solid tumors. Oral topotecan and pazopanib were each administered daily without interruption in 28-day cycles at five dose levels (0.12 to 0.3 mg/m2 topotecan and 125 to 160 mg/m2 pazopanib powder for oral suspension (PfOS)), with dose escalation in accordance with the rolling-six design. PK studies were performed on day 1 and at steady state. Thirty patients were enrolled, with 26 evaluable for dose-limiting toxicity (DLT), with median age 12 years (3-20). Toxicities were generally mild; the most common grade 3/4 adverse events related to protocol therapy were neutropenia (18%), thrombocytopenia (11%), lymphopenia (11%), AST elevation (11%), and lipase elevation (11%). Only two cycle 1 DLTs were observed on study, both at the 0.3/160 mg/m2 dose level comprising persistent grade 3 thrombocytopenia and grade 3 ALT elevation. No AEs experienced beyond cycle 1 required treatment discontinuation. The best response was stable disease in 10/25 patients (40%) for a median duration of 6.4 (1.7-45.1) months. The combination of oral metronomic topotecan and pazopanib is safe and tolerable in pediatric patients with solid tumors, with a recommended phase 2 dose of 0.22 mg/m2 topotecan and 160 mg/m2 pazopanib. No objective responses were observed in this heavily pre-treated patient population, although 40% did achieve stable disease for a median of 6 months. While this combination is likely of limited benefit for relapsed disease, it may play a role in the maintenance setting.
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Novel Pharmacological Treatment Options in Pediatric Glioblastoma-A Systematic Review. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14112814. [PMID: 35681794 PMCID: PMC9179254 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14112814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Childhood glioblastoma is an aggressive brain tumor in children that has a very poor prognosis. Standard therapy includes surgery, irradiation and chemotherapy with temozolomide. So far, there is no effective drug treatment for pediatric glioblastoma patients. This systematic review aims to outline currently available data on novel pharmacological treatment options. None of the included phase II studies showed any benefit regarding overall survival or a prolongation of stable disease. New genomic technologies discovered the biologic heterogeneity of these tumors, demanding more individualized immunotherapeutic and targeted approaches. Autoimmune modulated therapies and further targeting of tumor-specific receptors provide promising preclinical results. Clinical trials aligned to the tumor characteristics are needed to establish effective new therapeutic approaches. Abstract Background: Pediatric glioblastoma (GBM) is an aggressive central nervous system tumor in children that has dismal prognosis. Standard of care is surgery with subsequent irradiation and temozolomide. We aimed to outline currently available data on novel pharmacological treatments for pediatric GBM. Methods: We conducted a systematic literature search in PubMed and Embase, including reports published in English from 2010 to 2021. We included randomized trials, cohort studies and case series. Phase I trials were not analyzed. We followed PRISMA guidelines, assessed the quality of the eligible reports using the Newcastle-Ottawa scale (NOS) and the RoB-2 tool and registered the protocol on PROSPERO. Results: We included 6 out of 1122 screened reports. All six selected reports were prospective, multicenter phase II trials (five single-arm and one randomized controlled trial). None of the investigated novel treatment modalities showed any benefit regarding overall or progression free survival. Conclusions: To date, the role of pharmacological approaches regarding pediatric GBM remains unclear, since no novel treatment approach could provide a significant impact on overall or progression free survival. Further research should aim to combine different treatment strategies in large international multicenter trials with central comprehensive diagnostics regarding subgrouping. These novel treatment approaches should include targeted and immunotherapeutic treatments, potentially leading to a more successful outcome.
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Patil V, Noronha V, Joshi A, Menon N, Mathrudev V, Bhattacharjee A, Chandrasekharan A, Vallathol D, Dsouza H, Srinivas S, Mandal T, Chaturvedi P, Chaukar D, Pai P, Nair S, Thiagrajan S, Laskar S, Nawale K, Babanrao Dhumal S, Tambe R, Banavali S, Prabhash K. RMAC study: A randomized study for evaluation of metronomic adjuvant chemotherapy in recurrent head and neck cancers post salvage surgical resection in those who are ineligible for re-irradiation. Oral Oncol 2022; 128:105816. [DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2022.105816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Kweon S, Jeong YS, Chung SW, Lee H, Lee HK, Park SJ, Choi JU, Park J, Chung SJ, Byun Y. Metronomic dose-finding approach in oral chemotherapy by experimentally-driven integrative mathematical modeling. Biomaterials 2022; 286:121584. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2022.121584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Nel AE, Mei KC, Liao YP, Lu X. Multifunctional Lipid Bilayer Nanocarriers for Cancer Immunotherapy in Heterogeneous Tumor Microenvironments, Combining Immunogenic Cell Death Stimuli with Immune Modulatory Drugs. ACS NANO 2022; 16:5184-5232. [PMID: 35348320 PMCID: PMC9519818 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c01252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
In addition to the contribution of cancer cells, the solid tumor microenvironment (TME) has a critical role in determining tumor expansion, antitumor immunity, and the response to immunotherapy. Understanding the details of the complex interplay between cancer cells and components of the TME provides an unprecedented opportunity to explore combination therapy for intervening in the immune landscape to improve immunotherapy outcome. One approach is the introduction of multifunctional nanocarriers, capable of delivering drug combinations that provide immunogenic stimuli for improvement of tumor antigen presentation, contemporaneous with the delivery of coformulated drug or synthetic molecules that provide immune danger signals or interfere in immune-escape, immune-suppressive, and T-cell exclusion pathways. This forward-looking review will discuss the use of lipid-bilayer-encapsulated liposomes and mesoporous silica nanoparticles for combination immunotherapy of the heterogeneous immune landscapes in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma and triple-negative breast cancer. We describe how the combination of remote drug loading and lipid bilayer encapsulation is used for the synthesis of synergistic drug combinations that induce immunogenic cell death, interfere in the PD-1/PD-L1 axis, inhibit the indoleamine-pyrrole 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO-1) immune metabolic pathway, restore spatial access to activated T-cells to the cancer site, or reduce the impact of immunosuppressive stromal components. We show how an integration of current knowledge and future discovery can be used for a rational approach to nanoenabled cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- André E. Nel
- Division of NanoMedicine, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine University of California, Los Angeles, California, 90095, United States
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Correspondence should be addressed to: André E. Nel, Division of NanoMedicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, 52-175 CHS, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA. Phone: 310.825.6620;
| | - Kuo-Ching Mei
- Division of NanoMedicine, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine University of California, Los Angeles, California, 90095, United States
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Yu-Pei Liao
- Division of NanoMedicine, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine University of California, Los Angeles, California, 90095, United States
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Xiangsheng Lu
- Division of NanoMedicine, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine University of California, Los Angeles, California, 90095, United States
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
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Liu GY, Li WZ, Wang DS, Liang H, Lv X, Ye YF, Zhao C, Ke LR, Lv SH, Lu N, Bei WX, Cai ZC, Chen X, Liang CX, Guo X, Xia WX, Xiang YQ. Effect of Capecitabine Maintenance Therapy Plus Best Supportive Care vs Best Supportive Care Alone on Progression-Free Survival Among Patients With Newly Diagnosed Metastatic Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Who Had Received Induction Chemotherapy: A Phase 3 Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Oncol 2022; 8:553-561. [PMID: 35175316 PMCID: PMC8855317 DOI: 10.1001/jamaoncol.2021.7366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Capecitabine maintenance therapy improves survival outcomes in various cancer types, but data are limited on the efficacy and safety of capecitabine maintenance therapy in metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). OBJECTIVE To investigate the efficacy and safety of capecitabine maintenance therapy in metastatic NPC. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This randomized phase 3 clinical trial was conducted at Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center from May 16, 2015, to January 9, 2020, among 104 patients with newly diagnosed metastatic NPC who had achieved disease control after 4 to 6 cycles of induction chemotherapy with paclitaxel, cisplatin, and capecitabine. The final follow-up date was May 30, 2021. All efficacy analyses were conducted in the intention-to-treat population. INTERVENTIONS Eligible patients were randomly assigned (1:1) to receive either capecitabine maintenance therapy (1000 mg/m2 orally twice daily on days 1-14) every 3 weeks plus best supportive care (BSC) (capecitabine maintenance group) or BSC alone after 4 to 6 cycles of induction chemotherapy. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Progression-free survival (PFS). Secondary end points were objective response rate, duration of response, overall survival, and safety. RESULTS This study included 104 patients (84 men [80.8%]; median age, 47 years [IQR, 38-54 years]), with 52 assigned to the capecitabine maintenance group and 52 assigned to the BSC group. After a median follow-up of 33.8 months (IQR, 22.9-50.7 months), there were 23 events (44.2%) of progression or death in the capecitabine maintenance group and 37 events (71.2%) of progression or death in the BSC group. Median PFS survival was significantly higher in the capecitabine maintenance group (35.9 months [95% CI, 20.5 months-not reached]) than in the BSC group (8.2 months [95% CI, 6.4-10.0 months]), with a hazard ratio of 0.44 (95% CI, 0.26-0.74; P = .002). Higher objective response rates and longer median duration of response were observed in the capecitabine maintenance group (25.0%; 40.0 months) compared with the BSC group (objective response rate, 25.0% [n = 13] vs 11.5% [n = 6]; and median duration of response, 40.0 months [95% CI, not reached-not reached] vs 13.2 months [95% CI, 9.9-16.5 months]). The most common grade 3 or 4 adverse events during maintenance therapy were anemia (6 of 50 [12.0%]), hand-foot syndrome (5 of 50 [10.0%]), nausea and vomiting (3 of 50 [6.0%]), fatigue (2 of 50 [4.0%]), and mucositis (2 of 50 [4.0%]). No deaths in the maintenance group were deemed treatment-related. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE In this phase 3 randomized clinical trial, capecitabine maintenance therapy significantly improved PFS for patients with newly diagnosed metastatic NPC who achieved disease control after capecitabine-containing induction chemotherapy. Capecitabine exhibited manageable toxic effects. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02460419.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Ying Liu
- Department of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of NPC Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangzhou, China,Department of Radiotherapy, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wang-Zhong Li
- Department of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of NPC Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangzhou, China
| | - De-Shen Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of NPC Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hu Liang
- Department of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of NPC Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xing Lv
- Department of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of NPC Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan-Fang Ye
- Clinical Research Design Division, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chong Zhao
- Department of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of NPC Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liang-Ru Ke
- Department of Medical Imaging, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of NPC Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shu-Hui Lv
- Medical Affairs Office, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Nian Lu
- Department of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of NPC Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangzhou, China,Department of Medical Imaging, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of NPC Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei-Xin Bei
- Department of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of NPC Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhuo-Chen Cai
- Department of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of NPC Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of NPC Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chi-Xiong Liang
- Department of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of NPC Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiang Guo
- Department of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of NPC Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei-Xiong Xia
- Department of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of NPC Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan-Qun Xiang
- Department of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of NPC Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangzhou, China
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Milevoj N, Nemec A, Tozon N. Metronomic Chemotherapy for Palliative Treatment of Malignant Oral Tumors in Dogs. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:856399. [PMID: 35433894 PMCID: PMC9010117 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.856399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of metronomic chemotherapy in the palliative treatment of various malignant oral tumors in dogs. Our focus was to determine the effect of treatment on local disease control and to assess the tolerability and safety of the treatment in dogs with various oral malignancies. Metronomic chemotherapy with cyclophosphamide was used to treat 12 dogs and was combined with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in 6/12 (50%) of dogs. A clinical benefit was observed in 6/12 (50%) patients 1 month and in 4/12 (33%) 3 months after treatment initiation. The median survival time of the dogs was 155 days (range 21–529 days). At the end of the observation period, the disease had progressed in 10/12 (83.3%) of the patients. Sterile hemorrhagic cystitis was the most commonly reported side effect of treatment, occurring in 4/12 (33.3%) dogs. The results of our study suggest that metronomic chemotherapy with cyclophosphamide can be, in a subset of dogs, beneficial in the palliation of malignant oral tumors.
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Haddad G, Kebir A, Raissi N, Bouhali A, Miled SB. Optimal control model of tumor treatment in the context of cancer stem cell. MATHEMATICAL BIOSCIENCES AND ENGINEERING : MBE 2022; 19:4627-4642. [PMID: 35430831 DOI: 10.3934/mbe.2022214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We consider cancer cytotoxic drugs as an optimal control problem to stabilize a heterogeneous tumor by attacking not the most abundant cancer cells, but those that are crucial in the tumor ecosystem. We propose a mathematical cancer stem cell model that translates the hierarchy and heterogeneity of cancer cell types by including highly structured tumorigenic cancer stem cells that yield low differentiated cancer cells. With respect to the optimal control problem, under a certain admissibility hypothesis, the optimal controls of our problem are bang-bang controls. These control treatments can retain the entire tumor in the neighborhood of an equilibrium. We simulate the bang-bang control numerically and demonstrate that the optimal drug scheduling should be administered continuously over long periods with short rest periods. Moreover, our simulations indicate that combining multidrug therapies and monotherapies is more efficient for heterogeneous tumors than using each one separately.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghassen Haddad
- IPT-BIMSLab (LR16IPT09), Tunis El Manar University, 1002 Tunis, Tunisia
- Sorbonne Université, Laboratoire Jacques-Louis Lions, Paris, France
| | - Amira Kebir
- IPT-BIMSLab (LR16IPT09), Tunis El Manar University, 1002 Tunis, Tunisia
- IPEIT, Tunis University, Tunisia
| | - Nadia Raissi
- Mohammed V University of Rabat - um5a Department of Mathematics, Morocco
| | - Amira Bouhali
- IPT-BIMSLab (LR16IPT09), Tunis El Manar University, 1002 Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Slimane Ben Miled
- IPT-BIMSLab (LR16IPT09), Tunis El Manar University, 1002 Tunis, Tunisia
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Ci T, Zhang W, Qiao Y, Li H, Zang J, Li H, Feng N, Gu Z. Delivery strategies in treatments of leukemia. Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:2121-2144. [PMID: 35188506 DOI: 10.1039/d1cs00755f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Leukemia is a hematological malignancy associated with the uncontrolled proliferation of mutant progenitors, suppressing the production of normal blood cells. Current treatments, including chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and immunotherapy, still lead to unsatisfactory results with a 5 year survival rate of only 30-50%. The poor prognosis is related to both disease relapse and treatment-associated toxicity. Delivery strategies can improve the in vivo pharmacokinetics of drugs, navigating the therapeutics to target cells or the tumor microenvironment and reversing drug resistance, which maximizes tumor elimination and alleviates systematic adverse effects. This review discusses available FDA-approved anti-leukemia drugs and therapies with a focus on the advances in the development of anti-leukemia drug delivery systems. Additionally, challenges in clinical translation of the delivery strategies and future research opportunities in leukemia treatment are also included.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyuan Ci
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Wentao Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
| | - Yingyu Qiao
- Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210009, China
| | - Huangjuan Li
- Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210009, China
| | - Jing Zang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Hongjun Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
| | - Nianping Feng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Zhen Gu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China. .,Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery Systems of Zhejiang Province, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.,Department of General Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310016, China.,Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou 311121, China.,MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
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Yang X, Chen H, Xu D, Chen X, Li Y, Tian J, Wang D, Pang J. Efficacy and safety of Androgen Deprivation Therapy (ADT) combined with modified docetaxel chemotherapy versus ADT combined with standard docetaxel chemotherapy in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer: study protocol for a multicentre prospective randomized controlled trial. BMC Cancer 2022; 22:177. [PMID: 35172779 PMCID: PMC8848813 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-022-09276-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) combined with docetaxel chemotherapy is the standard treatment for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) patients. However, mCRPC patients are mainly frail elderly men, constantly accompanied by comorbidities and showing poor tolerance to standard docetaxel chemotherapy. Some exploratory studies administering modified chemotherapy regimens have reported noninferior oncologic outcomes with fewer adverse events, yet most are retrospective or small studies, and prospective randomized controlled trials have rarely been conducted. Therefore, we designed this modified docetaxel chemotherapy regimen in patients with mCRPC, aiming to evaluate its efficacy and safety compared with the standard docetaxel chemotherapy regimen. Methods This is an open-label, multi-institutional, prospective, randomized non-inferiority trial. A total of 128 patients with mCRPC will be randomized to receive ADT combined with modified docetaxel chemotherapy (experimental group, n=64) or ADT combined with standard docetaxel chemotherapy (control group, n=64). Patients in the experimental group will receive a modified regimen with docetaxel 40 mg/m2 on the 1st day and 35 mg/m2 on the 8th day, repeated every 21 days. The primary endpoint is progression-free survival at 2 years. Secondary endpoints include overall survival, prostate-specific antigen response rate, pain response rate, toxicity and quality of life. Discussion The expected benefit for the patient in the experimental arm is noninferior efficacy with decreased toxicity and improved quality of life compared with that in the control arm. To the best of our knowledge, this will be the first multicentre prospective randomized study to assess the efficacy and safety of modified docetaxel chemotherapy in patients with mCRPC in China. The results of this trial may provide benefit to mCRPC patients, especially those with poor performance. Trial registration chictr.org.cn Identifier: ChiCTR2100046636 (May 24, 2021). Ongoing study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangwei Yang
- Department of Urology, Kidney and Urology Center, Pelvic Floor Disorders Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hong Chen
- School of Nursing, LKS Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Duanya Xu
- Department of Urology, Kidney and Urology Center, Pelvic Floor Disorders Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xianju Chen
- Department of Urology, Kidney and Urology Center, Pelvic Floor Disorders Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yamei Li
- Department of Urology, Kidney and Urology Center, Pelvic Floor Disorders Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jun Tian
- National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital & Shenzhen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Shenzhen, China
| | - Dongwen Wang
- National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital & Shenzhen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Jun Pang
- Department of Urology, Kidney and Urology Center, Pelvic Floor Disorders Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China.
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Diagnosis, Prognosis and Treatment of Canine Cutaneous and Subcutaneous Mast Cell Tumors. Cells 2022; 11:cells11040618. [PMID: 35203268 PMCID: PMC8870669 DOI: 10.3390/cells11040618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mast cell tumors (MCTs) are hematopoietic neoplasms composed of mast cells. It is highly common in dogs and is extremely important in the veterinary oncology field. It represents the third most common tumor subtype, and is the most common malignant skin tumor in dogs, corresponding to 11% of skin cancer cases. The objective of this critical review was to present the report of the 2nd Consensus meeting on the Diagnosis, Prognosis, and Treatment of Canine Cutaneous and Subcutaneous Mast Cell Tumors, which was organized by the Brazilian Association of Veterinary Oncology (ABROVET) in August 2021. The most recent information on cutaneous and subcutaneous mast cell tumors in dogs is presented and discussed.
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63
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Oda T, Nakamura R, Kasamatsu T, Gotoh N, Okuda K, Saitoh T, Handa H, Murakami H, Yamashita T. DNA-double strand breaks enhance the expression of major histocompatibility complex class II through the ATM-NF-κΒ-IRF1-CIITA pathway. Cancer Gene Ther 2022; 29:225-240. [PMID: 33619341 DOI: 10.1038/s41417-021-00302-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Major histocompatibility complex class II (MHC II) is important for the adaptive immune response because MHC II presents processed antigens to a cluster of differentiation 4 (CD4)-positive T-cells. Conventional doses of chemotherapeutic agents induce tumor cell death by causing DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs). However, cellular responses caused by sub-lethal doses of chemotherapeutic agents are poorly understood. In this study, using low doses of chemotherapeutic agents, we showed that DSBs enhanced the expression of MHC II on cells that originate from antigen-presenting cells (APCs). These agents induced the MHC class II transactivator (CIITA), the master regulator of MHC II, and interferon regulatory factor 1 (IRF1), a transcription factor for CIITA. Short hairpin RNA against IRF1 suppressed chemotherapeutic agent-induced CIITA expression, whereas exogenous expression of IRF1 induced CIITA. Inhibition of ataxia-telangiectasia mutated (ATM), a DSB-activated kinase, suppressed induction of IRF1, CIITA, and MHC II. Similar results were observed by inhibiting NF-κB, a downstream target of ATM. These results suggest that DSBs induce MHC II activity via the ATM-NF-κB-IRF1-CIITA pathway in cells that intrinsically present antigens. Additionally, chemotherapeutic agents induced T-cell regulatory molecules. Our findings suggest that chemotherapeutic agents enhance the antigen presentation activity of APCs for T-cell activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsukasa Oda
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, The Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan. .,Center for Food Science and Wellness, Gunma University, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan.
| | - Ruri Nakamura
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Gunma University, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Tetsuhiro Kasamatsu
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Gunma University, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Nanami Gotoh
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Gunma University, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Keiko Okuda
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takayuki Saitoh
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Gunma University, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Handa
- Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Murakami
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Gunma University, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan.,Gunma University of Health and Welfare, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Takayuki Yamashita
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, The Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
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Axelrod DE. Chronotherapy of Early Colon Cancer: Advantage of Morning Dose Schedules. Cancer Inform 2022; 21:11769351211067697. [PMID: 35110963 PMCID: PMC8801641 DOI: 10.1177/11769351211067697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Colon adenomas with proliferating mutant cells may progress to invasive carcinomas. Proliferation of cells in human colorectal tissue is circadian, greater in the interval 4 to 12 hours after midnight than 16 to 24 hours after midnight. We have tested the hypothesis that chemotherapy administered during the time of greater cell proliferation will be more effective than chemotherapy administered during the time of lesser proliferation. An agent-based computer model of cell proliferation in colon crypts was calibrated with measurements of cell numbers in human biopsy specimens. It was used to simulate cytotoxic chemotherapy of an early stage of colon cancer, adenomas with about 20% of mutant cells. Chemotherapy doses were scheduled at different 4-hour intervals during the 24-hour day, and repeated at weekly intervals. Chemotherapy administered at 4 to 8 hours after midnight cured mutant cells in 100% of 50 trials with an average time to cure of 7.82 days (s.e.m. = 0.99). In contrast, chemotherapy administered at 20 to 24 hours after midnight cured only 18% of 50 trials, with the average time to cure of 23.51 days (s.e.m. = 2.42). These simulation results suggest that clinical chemotherapy of early colon cancer may be more effective when given in the morning than later in the day.
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Affiliation(s)
- David E Axelrod
- Department of Genetics and Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
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65
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Zhang Y, Pei Q, Yue Y, Xie Z. Binary dimeric prodrug nanoparticles for self-boosted drug release and synergistic chemo-photodynamic therapy. J Mater Chem B 2022; 10:880-886. [PMID: 35043826 DOI: 10.1039/d1tb02638k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Chemotherapy is the major strategy for cancer therapy, but its limited therapeutic efficiency and serious toxicity to normal tissues greatly restrict its clinical performance. Herein, we develop carrier-free self-activated prodrug nanoparticles combining chemotherapy and photodynamic therapy to enhance the antitumor efficiency. Reactive oxygen species (ROS)-responsive paclitaxel and porphyrin prodrugs are synthesized and co-assembled into nanoparticles without the addition of any adjuvants, which improves the drug content and reduces carrier-associated toxicity. After entering cancer cells, the obtained co-assembled nanoparticles can generate sufficient ROS upon light irradiation not only for photodynamic therapy, but also triggering on-demand drug release for chemotherapy, thus realizing self-enhanced prodrug activation and synergistic chemo-photodynamic therapy. This simple and effective carrier-free prodrug nanoplatform unifies the distinct traits of on-demand drug release and combination therapy, thus possessing great potential in advancing cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youwei Zhang
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Xinmin Street, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P. R. China.
| | - Qing Pei
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, P. R. China.
| | - Ying Yue
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Xinmin Street, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P. R. China.
| | - Zhigang Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, P. R. China.
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Multi-Omics Profiling of the Tumor Microenvironment. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1361:283-326. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-91836-1_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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67
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Zhang Z, Ma K, Li J, Guan Y, Yang C, Yan A, Zhu H. The Clinical Value of Chemotherapy Combined With Capecitabine in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer-A Meta-Analysis. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:771839. [PMID: 34867401 PMCID: PMC8634095 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.771839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the most dangerous subtype of breast cancer with high rates of metastasis and recurrence. The efficacy of capecitabine in chemotherapy for TNBC is still controversial. This study evaluated the efficacy and safety of capecitabine combining with standard, adjuvant or neoadjuvant chemotherapy for TNBC. Methods: We systematically searched clinical studies through PubMed, Cochrane library, Embase, Wanfang Database, China Academic Journals (CNKI), and American Society of Clinical Oncology’s (ASCO) annual conference report. Studies were assessed for design and quality by the Cochrane risk of bias tool. A meta-analysis was performed using Review Manager to quantify the effect of capecitabine combined with standard, adjuvant or neoadjuvant chemotherapy on the disease-free survival (DFS) rate and overall survival (OS) rate of TNBC patients. Furthermore, safety analysis was performed to evaluate the adverse events. Results: Twelve randomized controlled clinical trials involving totally 4854 TNBC patients were included, of which 2,214 patients received chemotherapy as control group, and 2,278 patients received capecitabine combining with chemotherapy. The results indicated that capecitabine could significantly improve the DFS [hazard ratio (HR) 0.80, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.71–0.90, P = 0.0003] and OS (HR 0.83, 95% CI 0.74–0.93, P = 0.001). In subgroup analysis, the combination of capecitabine and cyclophosphamide exhibited a significant benefit in all outcomes (DFS HR 0.75, 95% CI 0.63–0.90, P = 0.002; OS HR 0.65, 95% CI 0.52–0.80, p < 0.0001). Additionally, defferent dose of capecitabine subgroup showed same significant effect on the results. Safety analysis showed that the addition of capecitabine was associated with a much higher risk of hand-foot syndrome, diarrhea and mucositis or stomatitis. Conclusion: The results showed that adjuvant capecitabine could bring significant benefits on DFS and OS to unselected TNBC patients, the combination of capecitabine and cyclophosphamide could improve the survival rate of patients, although the addition of capecitabine could bring significant side effects such as hand foot syndrome (HFS) and diarrhea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zilin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Kai Ma
- Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jing Li
- Pharmaceutical Department, Hubei Cancer Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yeneng Guan
- Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chaobo Yang
- Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Aqin Yan
- Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hongda Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, China
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Li T, Ge G, Zhang H, Wang R, Liu Y, Zhang Q, Yue Z, Ma W, Li W, Zhang J, Yang H, Wang P, Zhao J, Fang Y, Xie Q, Wang M, Li Y, Zhu H, Li H. HM-3-HSA exhibits potent anti-angiogenesis and antitumor activity in hepatocellular carcinoma. Eur J Pharm Sci 2021; 167:106017. [PMID: 34555448 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2021.106017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 09/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
HM-3-HSA is an antitumor fusion protein which improved the pharmacokinetics of HM-3. Previous studies reported that HM-3-HSA enhanced antitumor activity of HM-3 in melanoma cells. However, the efficacy and the mechanism of HM-3-HSA in hepatocellular carcinoma, especially its effect on tumor angiogenesis, have not been elucidated. Herein, we showed that HM-3-HSA significantly inhibited the H22 and SMMC-7721 tumor xenografts growth and tumor angiogenesis in vivo, indicating the antitumor activity exerted by HM-3-HSA was closely corrected with its potency on tumor angiogenesis. To investigate the anti-angiogenic mechanism, we evaluated the efficacy of HM-3-HSA in HUVECs in vitro. The results showed that multiple steps of tumor angiogenesis, including endothelial cell proliferation, migration, invasion and tube formation, were substantially inhibited by HM-3-HSA. Mechanism investigations revealed that HM-3-HSA could bind HUVECs via integrin αvβ3 and α5β1 and inhibited phosphorylation of the downstream protein kinases including FAK, Src and PI3 K. Our study was the first to report the activity of HM-3-HSA against hepatocellular carcinoma and tumor angiogenesis as well as the underlying mechanism by which HM-3-HSA to exert its anti-angiogenic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Li
- Institute of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Guangfei Ge
- Institute of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Hanzi Zhang
- Institute of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Ruyue Wang
- Institute of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Yiyao Liu
- Institute of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Institute of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Zhaorong Yue
- Gansu High Throughput Screening and Creation Center for Health Products, School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Wuli Ma
- Institute of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Wenbo Li
- Institute of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Jingjing Zhang
- Institute of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Hui Yang
- Institute of Biology, Gansu Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Peiya Wang
- Institute of Biology, Gansu Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jiang Zhao
- Institute of Biology, Gansu Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yanhao Fang
- Institute of Biology, Gansu Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Qinjian Xie
- Gansu Crops Hospital of CAPF, Lanzhou, China
| | - Meizhu Wang
- Gansu High Throughput Screening and Creation Center for Health Products, School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Yang Li
- Gansu High Throughput Screening and Creation Center for Health Products, School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Hongmei Zhu
- Gansu High Throughput Screening and Creation Center for Health Products, School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.
| | - Hongyu Li
- Institute of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; Gansu High Throughput Screening and Creation Center for Health Products, School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.
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69
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Lai V, Neshat SY, Rakoski A, Pitingolo J, Doloff JC. Drug delivery strategies in maximizing anti-angiogenesis and anti-tumor immunity. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 179:113920. [PMID: 34384826 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.113920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Metronomic chemotherapy has been shown to elicit anti-tumor immune response and block tumor angiogenesis distinct from that observed with maximal tolerated dose (MTD) therapy. This review delves into the mechanisms behind anti-tumor immunity and seeks to identify the differential effect of dosing regimens, including daily low-dose and medium-dose intermittent chemotherapy (MEDIC), on both innate and adaptive immune populations involved in observed anti-tumor immune response. Given reports of VEGF/VEGFR blockade antagonizing anti-tumor immunity, drug choice, dose, and selective delivery determined by advanced formulations/vehicles are highlighted as potential sources of innovation for identifying anti-angiogenic modalities that may be combined with metronomic regimens without interrupting key immune players in the anti-tumor response. Engineered drug delivery mechanisms that exhibit extended and local release of anti-angiogenic agents both alone and in combination with chemotherapeutic treatments have also been demonstrated to elicit a potent and potentially systemic anti-tumor immune response, favoring tumor regression and stasis over progression. This review examines this interplay between various cancer models, the host immune response, and select anti-cancer agents depending on drug dosing, scheduling/regimen, and delivery modality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Lai
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Sarah Y Neshat
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Amanda Rakoski
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - James Pitingolo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Joshua C Doloff
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA; Department of Oncology, Division of Cancer Immunology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center and the Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA.
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Moradi Kashkooli F, Soltani M. Evaluation of solid tumor response to sequential treatment cycles via a new computational hybrid approach. Sci Rep 2021; 11:21475. [PMID: 34728726 PMCID: PMC8563754 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-00989-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of an in silico approach that evaluates and identifies appropriate treatment protocols for individuals could help grow personalized treatment and increase cancer patient lifespans. With this motivation, the present study introduces a novel approach for sequential treatment cycles based on simultaneously examining drug delivery, tumor growth, and chemotherapy efficacy. This model incorporates the physical conditions of tumor geometry, including tumor, capillary network, and normal tissue assuming real circumstances, as well as the intravascular and interstitial fluid flow, drug concentration, chemotherapy efficacy, and tumor recurrence. Three treatment approaches-maximum tolerated dose (MTD), metronomic chemotherapy (MC), and chemo-switching (CS)-as well as different chemotherapy schedules are investigated on a real tumor geometry extracted from image. Additionally, a sensitivity analysis of effective parameters of drug is carried out to evaluate the potential of using different other drugs in cancer treatment. The main findings are: (i) CS, MC, and MTD have the best performance in reducing tumor cells, respectively; (ii) multiple doses raise the efficacy of drugs that have slower clearance, higher diffusivity, and lower to medium binding affinities; (iii) the suggested approach to eradicating tumors is to reduce their cells to a predetermined rate through chemotherapy and then apply adjunct therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - M Soltani
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, K. N. Toosi University of Technology, Tehran, Iran.
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada.
- Cancer Biology Research Center, Cancer Institute of Iran, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Advanced Bioengineering Initiative Center, Computational Medicine Center, K. N. Toosi University of Technology, Tehran, Iran.
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Muñoz R, Girotti A, Hileeto D, Arias FJ. Metronomic Anti-Cancer Therapy: A Multimodal Therapy Governed by the Tumor Microenvironment. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13215414. [PMID: 34771577 PMCID: PMC8582362 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13215414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Metronomic chemotherapy with different mechanisms of action against cancer cells and their microenvironment represents an exceptional holistic cancer treatment. Each type of tumor has its own characteristics, including each individual tumor in each patient. Understanding the complexity of the dynamic interactions that take place between tumor and stromal cells and the microenvironment in tumor progression and metastases, as well as the response of the host and the tumor itself to anticancer therapy, will allow therapeutic actions with long-lasting effects to be implemented using metronomic regimens. This study aims to highlight the complexity of cellular interactions in the tumor microenvironment and summarize some of the preclinical and clinical results that explain the multimodality of metronomic therapy, which, together with its low toxicity, supports an inhibitory effect on the primary tumor and metastases. We also highlight the possible use of nano-therapeutic agents as good partners for metronomic chemotherapy. Abstract The concept of cancer as a systemic disease, and the therapeutic implications of this, has gained special relevance. This concept encompasses the interactions between tumor and stromal cells and their microenvironment in the complex setting of primary tumors and metastases. These factors determine cellular co-evolution in time and space, contribute to tumor progression, and could counteract therapeutic effects. Additionally, cancer therapies can induce cellular and molecular responses in the tumor and host that allow them to escape therapy and promote tumor progression. In this study, we describe the vascular network, tumor-infiltrated immune cells, and cancer-associated fibroblasts as sources of heterogeneity and plasticity in the tumor microenvironment, and their influence on cancer progression. We also discuss tumor and host responses to the chemotherapy regimen, at the maximum tolerated dose, mainly targeting cancer cells, and a multimodal metronomic chemotherapy approach targeting both cancer cells and their microenvironment. In a combination therapy context, metronomic chemotherapy exhibits antimetastatic efficacy with low toxicity but is not exempt from resistance mechanisms. As such, a better understanding of the interactions between the components of the tumor microenvironment could improve the selection of drug combinations and schedules, as well as the use of nano-therapeutic agents against certain malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Muñoz
- Department of Biochemistry, Physiology and Molecular Biology, University of Valladolid, Paseo de Belén, 47011 Valladolid, Spain
- Smart Biodevices for NanoMed Group, University of Valladolid, LUCIA Building, Paseo de Belén, 47011 Valladolid, Spain;
- Correspondence:
| | - Alessandra Girotti
- BIOFORGE (Group for Advanced Materials and Nanobiotechnology), University of Valladolid, CIBER-BBN, LUCIA Building, Paseo de Belén, 47011 Valladolid, Spain;
| | - Denise Hileeto
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 361, Canada;
| | - Francisco Javier Arias
- Smart Biodevices for NanoMed Group, University of Valladolid, LUCIA Building, Paseo de Belén, 47011 Valladolid, Spain;
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Masarwy R, Kampel L, Horowitz G, Gutfeld O, Muhanna N. Neoadjuvant PD-1/PD-L1 Inhibitors for Resectable Head and Neck Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. JAMA Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2021; 147:871-878. [PMID: 34473219 DOI: 10.1001/jamaoto.2021.2191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Importance The emerging approach of neoadjuvant immunotherapy for solid cancers has set the ground for the integration of programmed cell death 1 (PD-1)/PD-1 ligand 1 (PD-L1) inhibitors into the neoadjuvant setting of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) treatment. Objective To assess the reported efficacy and safety of neoadjuvant immunotherapy for resectable HNSCC. Data Sources and Study Selection Electronic databases, including PubMed (MEDLINE), Embase, the Cochrane Library, and ClinicalTrials.gov were systematically searched for published and ongoing cohort studies and randomized clinical trials that evaluate neoadjuvant immunotherapy for resectable HNSCC. The search results generated studies from 2015 to July 2021. Data Extraction and Synthesis Two investigators (R.M. and L.K.) independently identified and extracted articles for potential inclusion. Random and fixed models were used to achieve pooled odds ratios. All results are presented with 95% CIs. Data quality was assessed by means of the Cochrane Collaboration's risk of bias tool. Main Outcomes and Measures The primary outcomes were reported efficacy, evaluated by major pathological response and pathological complete response in the primary tumors and lymph nodes separately, and safety, assessed by preoperative grade 3 to 4 treatment-related adverse events and surgical delay rate. Results A total of 344 patients from 10 studies were included. In 8 studies, neoadjuvant immunotherapy only was administered, and the other 2 studies combined immunotherapy with neoadjuvant chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy. The overall major pathological response rate in the primary tumor sites from studies reporting on neoadjuvant immunotherapy only was 9.7% (95% CI, 3.1%-18.9%) and the pathological complete response rate was 2.9% (95% CI, 0%-9.5%). Preoperative grade 3 to 4 treatment-related adverse events were reported at a rate of 8.4% (95% CI, 0.2%-23.2%) and surgical delay at a rate of 0% (95% CI, 0%-0.9%). There was a favorable association of neoadjuvant immunotherapy with all outcome measures. The subgroup analyses did not find one specific anti-PD-1/PD-L1 agent to be superior to another, and the favorable association was demonstrated by either immunotherapy alone or in combination with anti-CTLA-4. Conclusions and Relevance In this systematic review and meta-analysis, neoadjuvant anti-PD-1/PD-L1 immunotherapy for resectable HNSCC was well tolerated and may confer therapeutic advantages implied by histopathological response. Long-term outcomes are awaited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Razan Masarwy
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck and Maxillofacial Surgery, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Liyona Kampel
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck and Maxillofacial Surgery, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Gilad Horowitz
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck and Maxillofacial Surgery, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Orit Gutfeld
- Institute of Radiation Therapy, Division of Oncology, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Nidal Muhanna
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck and Maxillofacial Surgery, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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Baroni LV, Freytes C, Fernández Ponce N, Oller A, Pinto N, Gonzalez A, Maldonado FR, Sampor C, Rugilo C, Lubieniecki F, Alderete D. Craniospinal irradiation as part of re-irradiation for children with recurrent medulloblastoma. J Neurooncol 2021; 155:53-61. [PMID: 34505229 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-021-03842-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many studies have demonstrated in the last years that once medulloblastoma has recurred, the probability of regaining tumor control is poor despite salvage therapy. Although re-irradiation has an emerging role in other relapsed brain tumors, there is a lack of strong data on re-irradiation for medulloblastoma. METHODS This is a retrospective cohort study of patients aged 18 years or under, treated at least by a second course of external beam for recurrence medulloblastoma at Garrahan Hospital between 2009 and 2020. Twenty-four patients met eligibility criteria for inclusion. All patients received upfront radiotherapy as part of the curative-intent first radiotherapy, either craniospinal irradiation (CSI) followed by posterior fossa boost in 20 patients or focal posterior fossa radiation in 4 infants. The second course of radiation consisted of CSI in 15 and focal in 9. The 3-year post first failure OS (50% vs. 0%; p = 0.0010) was significantly better for children who received re-CSI compared to children who received focal re-irradiation. Similarly, the 3-year post-re-RT PFS (31% vs. 0%; p = 0.0005) and OS (25% vs. 0%; p = 0.0003) was significantly improved for patients who received re-CSI compared to patients who received focal re-irradiation. No symptomatic intratumoral haemorrhagic events or symptomatic radionecrosis were observed. Survivors fell within mild to moderate intellectual disability range, with a median IQ at last assessment of 58 (range 43-69). CONCLUSIONS Re-irradiation with CSI is a safe and effective treatment for children with relapsed medulloblastoma; improves disease control and survival compared with focal re-irradiation. However this approach carries a high neurocognitive cost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena V Baroni
- Service of Hematology/Oncology, Hospital JP Garrahan, Combate de los Pozos 1881, C1245AAM, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Candela Freytes
- Service of Hematology/Oncology, Hospital JP Garrahan, Combate de los Pozos 1881, C1245AAM, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Nicolás Fernández Ponce
- Service of Hematology/Oncology, Hospital JP Garrahan, Combate de los Pozos 1881, C1245AAM, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Agustina Oller
- Service of Hematology/Oncology, Hospital JP Garrahan, Combate de los Pozos 1881, C1245AAM, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Natalia Pinto
- Service of Radiotherapy, Hospital JP Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Adriana Gonzalez
- Service of Interdisciplinary Clinic, Hospital JP Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Claudia Sampor
- Service of Hematology/Oncology, Hospital JP Garrahan, Combate de los Pozos 1881, C1245AAM, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Carlos Rugilo
- Service of Diagnostic Imaging, Hospital JP Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Daniel Alderete
- Service of Hematology/Oncology, Hospital JP Garrahan, Combate de los Pozos 1881, C1245AAM, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Krejcik J, Barnkob MB, Nyvold CG, Larsen TS, Barington T, Abildgaard N. Harnessing the Immune System to Fight Multiple Myeloma. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:4546. [PMID: 34572773 PMCID: PMC8467095 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13184546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a heterogeneous plasma cell malignancy differing substantially in clinical behavior, prognosis, and response to treatment. With the advent of novel therapies, many patients achieve long-lasting remissions, but some experience aggressive and treatment refractory relapses. So far, MM is considered incurable. Myeloma pathogenesis can broadly be explained by two interacting mechanisms, intraclonal evolution of cancer cells and development of an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. Failures in isotype class switching and somatic hypermutations result in the neoplastic transformation typical of MM and other B cell malignancies. Interestingly, although genetic alterations occur and evolve over time, they are also present in premalignant stages, which never progress to MM, suggesting that genetic mutations are necessary but not sufficient for myeloma transformation. Changes in composition and function of the immune cells are associated with loss of effective immune surveillance, which might represent another mechanism driving malignant transformation. During the last decade, the traditional view on myeloma treatment has changed dramatically. It is increasingly evident that treatment strategies solely based on targeting intrinsic properties of myeloma cells are insufficient. Lately, approaches that redirect the cells of the otherwise suppressed immune system to take control over myeloma have emerged. Evidence of utility of this principle was initially established by the observation of the graft-versus-myeloma effect in allogeneic stem cell-transplanted patients. A variety of new strategies to harness both innate and antigen-specific immunity against MM have recently been developed and intensively tested in clinical trials. This review aims to give readers a basic understanding of how the immune system can be engaged to treat MM, to summarize the main immunotherapeutic modalities, their current role in clinical care, and future prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Krejcik
- Centre for Cellular Immunotherapy of Haematological Cancer Odense (CITCO), Odense University Hospital, 5000 Odense, Denmark; (J.K.); (M.B.B.); (C.G.N.); (T.S.L.); (T.B.)
- Department of Haematology, Odense University Hospital, 5000 Odense, Denmark
- Haematology Research Unit, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense, Denmark
| | - Mike Bogetofte Barnkob
- Centre for Cellular Immunotherapy of Haematological Cancer Odense (CITCO), Odense University Hospital, 5000 Odense, Denmark; (J.K.); (M.B.B.); (C.G.N.); (T.S.L.); (T.B.)
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Odense University Hospital, 5000 Odense, Denmark
| | - Charlotte Guldborg Nyvold
- Centre for Cellular Immunotherapy of Haematological Cancer Odense (CITCO), Odense University Hospital, 5000 Odense, Denmark; (J.K.); (M.B.B.); (C.G.N.); (T.S.L.); (T.B.)
- Haematology Research Unit, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense, Denmark
- Haematology-Pathology Research Laboratory, Research Unit for Haematology and Research Unit for Pathology, University of Southern Denmark and Odense University Hospital, 5000 Odense, Denmark
| | - Thomas Stauffer Larsen
- Centre for Cellular Immunotherapy of Haematological Cancer Odense (CITCO), Odense University Hospital, 5000 Odense, Denmark; (J.K.); (M.B.B.); (C.G.N.); (T.S.L.); (T.B.)
- Department of Haematology, Odense University Hospital, 5000 Odense, Denmark
- Haematology Research Unit, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense, Denmark
| | - Torben Barington
- Centre for Cellular Immunotherapy of Haematological Cancer Odense (CITCO), Odense University Hospital, 5000 Odense, Denmark; (J.K.); (M.B.B.); (C.G.N.); (T.S.L.); (T.B.)
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Odense University Hospital, 5000 Odense, Denmark
| | - Niels Abildgaard
- Centre for Cellular Immunotherapy of Haematological Cancer Odense (CITCO), Odense University Hospital, 5000 Odense, Denmark; (J.K.); (M.B.B.); (C.G.N.); (T.S.L.); (T.B.)
- Department of Haematology, Odense University Hospital, 5000 Odense, Denmark
- Haematology Research Unit, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense, Denmark
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Yang T, Xiao H, Liu X, Wang Z, Zhang Q, Wei N, Guo X. Vascular Normalization: A New Window Opened for Cancer Therapies. Front Oncol 2021; 11:719836. [PMID: 34476218 PMCID: PMC8406857 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.719836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Preclinical and clinical antiangiogenic approaches, with multiple side effects such as resistance, have not been proved to be very successful in treating tumor blood vessels which are important targets for tumor therapy. Meanwhile, restoring aberrant tumor blood vessels, known as tumor vascular normalization, has been shown not only capable of reducing tumor invasion and metastasis but also of enhancing the effectiveness of chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and immunotherapy. In addition to the introduction of such methods of promoting tumor vascular normalization such as maintaining the balance between proangiogenic and antiangiogenic factors and targeting endothelial cell metabolism, microRNAs, and the extracellular matrix, the latest molecular mechanisms and the potential connections between them were primarily explored. In particular, the immunotherapy-induced normalization of blood vessels further promotes infiltration of immune effector cells, which in turn improves immunotherapy, thus forming an enhanced loop. Thus, immunotherapy in combination with antiangiogenic agents is recommended. Finally, we introduce the imaging technologies and serum markers, which can be used to determine the window for tumor vascular normalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Yang
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Hongqi Xiao
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xiaoxia Liu
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Zhihui Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Qingbai Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Nianjin Wei
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xinggang Guo
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
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Belkhir S, Thomas F, Roche B. Darwinian Approaches for Cancer Treatment: Benefits of Mathematical Modeling. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:4448. [PMID: 34503256 PMCID: PMC8431137 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13174448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the major problems of traditional anti-cancer treatments is that they lead to the emergence of treatment-resistant cells, which results in treatment failure. To avoid or delay this phenomenon, it is relevant to take into account the eco-evolutionary dynamics of tumors. Designing evolution-based treatment strategies may help overcoming the problem of drug resistance. In particular, a promising candidate is adaptive therapy, a containment strategy which adjusts treatment cycles to the evolution of the tumors in order to keep the population of treatment-resistant cells under control. Mathematical modeling is a crucial tool to understand the dynamics of cancer in response to treatments, and to make predictions about the outcomes of these treatments. In this review, we highlight the benefits of in silico modeling to design adaptive therapy strategies, and to assess whether they could effectively improve treatment outcomes. Specifically, we review how two main types of models (i.e., mathematical models based on Lotka-Volterra equations and agent-based models) have been used to model tumor dynamics in response to adaptive therapy. We give examples of the advances they permitted in the field of adaptive therapy and discuss about how these models can be integrated in experimental approaches and clinical trial design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia Belkhir
- CREEC/MIVEGEC, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, 34394 Montpellier, France; (S.B.); (F.T.)
- École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Département de Biologie, Lyon CEDEX 07, 69342 Lyon, France
| | - Frederic Thomas
- CREEC/MIVEGEC, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, 34394 Montpellier, France; (S.B.); (F.T.)
| | - Benjamin Roche
- CREEC/MIVEGEC, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, 34394 Montpellier, France; (S.B.); (F.T.)
- Departamento de Etología, Fauna Silvestre y Animales de Laboratorio, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad de México 01030, Mexico
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Kerbel RS, Andre N. Adjuvant metronomic chemotherapy for locoregionally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Lancet 2021; 398:278-279. [PMID: 34111417 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(21)01240-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Robert S Kerbel
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Biological Sciences Platform, Sunnybrook Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada.
| | - Nicolas Andre
- Metronomic Global Health Initiative, Children Hospital of La Timone, AP-HM, Aix Marseille Université, Marseille, France
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Chen YP, Liu X, Zhou Q, Yang KY, Jin F, Zhu XD, Shi M, Hu GQ, Hu WH, Sun Y, Wu HF, Wu H, Lin Q, Wang H, Tian Y, Zhang N, Wang XC, Shen LF, Liu ZZ, Huang J, Luo XL, Li L, Zang J, Mei Q, Zheng BM, Yue D, Xu J, Wu SG, Shi YX, Mao YP, Chen L, Li WF, Zhou GQ, Sun R, Guo R, Zhang Y, Xu C, Lv JW, Guo Y, Feng HX, Tang LL, Xie FY, Sun Y, Ma J. Metronomic capecitabine as adjuvant therapy in locoregionally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma: a multicentre, open-label, parallel-group, randomised, controlled, phase 3 trial. Lancet 2021; 398:303-313. [PMID: 34111416 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(21)01123-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with locoregionally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma have a high risk of disease relapse, despite a high proportion of patients attaining complete clinical remission after receiving standard-of-care treatment (ie, definitive concurrent chemoradiotherapy with or without induction chemotherapy). Additional adjuvant therapies are needed to further reduce the risk of recurrence and death. However, the benefit of adjuvant chemotherapy for nasopharyngeal carcinoma remains controversial, highlighting the need for more effective adjuvant treatment options. METHODS This multicentre, open-label, parallel-group, randomised, controlled, phase 3 trial was done at 14 hospitals in China. Patients (aged 18-65 years) with histologically confirmed, high-risk locoregionally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma (stage III-IVA, excluding T3-4N0 and T3N1 disease), no locoregional disease or distant metastasis after definitive chemoradiotherapy, an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status of 0 or 1, sufficient haematological, renal, and hepatic function, and who had received their final radiotherapy dose 12-16 weeks before randomisation, were randomly assigned (1:1) to receive either oral metronomic capecitabine (650 mg/m2 body surface area twice daily for 1 year; metronomic capecitabine group) or observation (standard therapy group). Randomisation was done with a computer-generated sequence (block size of four), stratified by trial centre and receipt of induction chemotherapy (yes or no). The primary endpoint was failure-free survival, defined as the time from randomisation to disease recurrence (distant metastasis or locoregional recurrence) or death due to any cause, in the intention-to-treat population. Safety was assessed in all patients who received at least one dose of capecitabine or who had commenced observation. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02958111. FINDINGS Between Jan 25, 2017, and Oct 25, 2018, 675 patients were screened, of whom 406 were enrolled and randomly assigned to the metronomic capecitabine group (n=204) or to the standard therapy group (n=202). After a median follow-up of 38 months (IQR 33-42), there were 29 (14%) events of recurrence or death in the metronomic capecitabine group and 53 (26%) events of recurrence or death in the standard therapy group. Failure-free survival at 3 years was significantly higher in the metronomic capecitabine group (85·3% [95% CI 80·4-90·6]) than in the standard therapy group (75·7% [69·9-81·9]), with a stratified hazard ratio of 0·50 (95% CI 0·32-0·79; p=0·0023). Grade 3 adverse events were reported in 35 (17%) of 201 patients in the metronomic capecitabine group and in 11 (6%) of 200 patients in the standard therapy group; hand-foot syndrome was the most common adverse event related to capecitabine (18 [9%] patients had grade 3 hand-foot syndrome). One (<1%) patient in the metronomic capecitabine group had grade 4 neutropenia. No treatment-related deaths were reported in either group. INTERPRETATION The addition of metronomic adjuvant capecitabine to chemoradiotherapy significantly improved failure-free survival in patients with high-risk locoregionally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma, with a manageable safety profile. These results support a potential role for metronomic chemotherapy as an adjuvant therapy in the treatment of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. FUNDING The National Natural Science Foundation of China, the Key-Area Research and Development Program of Guangdong Province, the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province, the Innovation Team Development Plan of the Ministry of Education, and the Overseas Expertise Introduction Project for Discipline Innovation. TRANSLATION For the Chinese translation of the abstract see Supplementary Materials section.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Pei Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xu Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qin Zhou
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Kun-Yu Yang
- Department of Oncology, Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Feng Jin
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Xiao-Dong Zhu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China; Department of Oncology, Affiliated Wuming Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Mei Shi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital Of Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Guo-Qing Hu
- Department of Oncology, Cancer Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei-Han Hu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan Sun
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hong-Fen Wu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Jilin Cancer Hospital, Changchun, China
| | - Hui Wu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Qin Lin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Xiamen Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ye Tian
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Ning Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, China
| | - Xi-Cheng Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liang-Fang Shen
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zheng-Zheng Liu
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jing Huang
- Department of Oncology, Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiu-Ling Luo
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Ling Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Jian Zang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital Of Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Qi Mei
- Department of Oncology, Cancer Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Bao-Min Zheng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Dan Yue
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Jilin Cancer Hospital, Changchun, China
| | - Jing Xu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - San-Gang Wu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Xiamen Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yan-Xia Shi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan-Ping Mao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lei Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wen-Fei Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guan-Qun Zhou
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rui Sun
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rui Guo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangzhou, China
| | - Cheng Xu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jia-Wei Lv
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying Guo
- Clinical Trials Center, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hui-Xia Feng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ling-Long Tang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fang-Yun Xie
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying Sun
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Ma
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangzhou, China.
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Liu CT, Hsieh MC, Su YL, Hung CM, Pei SN, Liao CK, Tsai YF, Liao HY, Liu WC, Chiu CC, Wu SC, Wang SH, Wei CT, Rau KM. Metronomic vinorelbine is an excellent and safe treatment for advanced breast cancer: a retrospective, observational study. J Cancer 2021; 12:5355-5364. [PMID: 34335952 PMCID: PMC8317530 DOI: 10.7150/jca.60682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Advanced breast cancer (ABC) has become a chronic disease. In such a situation, an effective therapy with low toxicities and economically acceptable is needed. Metronomic vinorelbine (mVNR) has been proved to be effective on the control of MBC. The aim of this study is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of mVNR as the salvage therapy for patients with ABC. Oral vinorelbine (VNR) was administered at 70 mg/m2, fractionated on days 1, 3, and 5, for 3 weeks on and 1 week off. Once the mVNR was combined with trastuzumab, or was combined with bevacizumab, the schedule was changed to 2 weeks on and 1 week off. Clinical data of patients with ABC who had received treatment with mVNR and tumor characteristics were collected and analyzed. From Mar. 2013 to Dec, 2020, there were 90 patients with ABC received mVNR. The overall response rate was 53.3% and overall disease control rate (DCR) was 78.9% in this study, including 4 (4.4%) cases reached complete response, 44 (48.9%) cases reached partial response and 23 (25.6%) cases were table disease. The median time to treatment failure (TTF) of the Lumina A patients was 13.3 months, Lumina B patients was 9.1 months, Her-2 enrich patients was 8.9 months, and triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) patients was 5.6 months. Median overall survival time for Lumina A, Lumina B, Her-2 enrich and TNBC were 54.6 months, 53.3 months, 59.5 months and 24.5 months separately. Side effects were minimal and manageable. Metronomic VNR can be an effective treatment for ABC either works as a switch maintenance or salvage therapy. In combination with target therapy or hormonal therapy, mVNR can further improve TTF and DCR with minimal toxicities. Further study should focus on the optimal dosage, schedule and combination regimen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Ting Liu
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan.,Chang Gung University, College of Medicine, Tao-Yuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Che Hsieh
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, E-Da Cancer Hospital, Kaohsiung 822, Taiwan.,College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 822, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Li Su
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan.,Chang Gung University, College of Medicine, Tao-Yuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Chaio-Ming Hung
- College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 822, Taiwan.,Department of Surgery, E-Da Cancer Hospital, Kaohsiung 822, Taiwan
| | - Sung-Nan Pei
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, E-Da Cancer Hospital, Kaohsiung 822, Taiwan.,College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 822, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Kai Liao
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Fen Tsai
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, E-Da Cancer Hospital, Kaohsiung 822, Taiwan.,College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 822, Taiwan
| | - Hsiu-Yun Liao
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, E-Da Cancer Hospital, Kaohsiung 822, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Ching Liu
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, E-Da Cancer Hospital, Kaohsiung 822, Taiwan
| | - Chong-Chi Chiu
- College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 822, Taiwan.,Department of Surgery, E-Da Cancer Hospital, Kaohsiung 822, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Chung Wu
- Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Ho Wang
- Chang Gung University, College of Medicine, Tao-Yuan 333, Taiwan.,Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Ting Wei
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, E-Da Hospital, Kaohsiung, 822 Taiwan
| | - Kun-Ming Rau
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, E-Da Cancer Hospital, Kaohsiung 822, Taiwan.,College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 822, Taiwan
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80
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Tian M, Xing R, Guan J, Yang B, Zhao X, Yang J, Zhan C, Zhang S. A Nanoantidote Alleviates Glioblastoma Chemotoxicity without Efficacy Compromise. NANO LETTERS 2021; 21:5158-5166. [PMID: 34097422 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c01201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Cancer patients suffer from the toxicity of chemotherapy. Antidote, given as a remedy limiting poison, is an effective way to counteract toxicity. However, few antidotes abrogate chemotoxicity without compromising the therapeutic efficacy. Herein, a rationally designed nanoantidote can neutralize chemo-agents in normal cells but not enter tumors and thus would not interfere with the efficacy of tumor treatment. The nanoantidote, consisting of a dendrimer core wrapped by reductive cysteine, captures Temozolomide (TMZ, the glioblastoma standard chemotherapy). Meanwhile, thanks to the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and the size of the nanoantidote, the nanoantidote cannot enter glioblastoma. In murine models, the nanoantidote distributes in normal tissues without crossing the BBB, so it markedly reduces the chemotoxicity of TMZ and retains the original TMZ therapeutic efficacy. With most nanotechnologies focusing on antitumor treatment, this detoxicating strategy demonstrates a nanoplatform to reduce chemotoxicity using physiology barriers and introduces a new approach to nanomedicine for cancer chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Tian
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Xing
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, People's Republic of China
| | - Juan Guan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences and Center of Medical Research and Innovation, Shanghai Pudong Hospital and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Bingxue Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Zhao
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, People's Republic of China
| | - Juanjuan Yang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, People's Republic of China
| | - Changyou Zhan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences and Center of Medical Research and Innovation, Shanghai Pudong Hospital and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Shiyi Zhang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, People's Republic of China
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81
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Hernández ÁP, Juanes-Velasco P, Landeira-Viñuela A, Bareke H, Montalvillo E, Góngora R, Fuentes M. Restoring the Immunity in the Tumor Microenvironment: Insights into Immunogenic Cell Death in Onco-Therapies. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:2821. [PMID: 34198850 PMCID: PMC8201010 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13112821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunogenic cell death (ICD) elicited by cancer therapy reshapes the tumor immune microenvironment. A long-term adaptative immune response can be initiated by modulating cell death by therapeutic approaches. Here, the major hallmarks of ICD, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) are correlated with ICD inducers used in clinical practice to enhance antitumoral activity by suppressing tumor immune evasion. Approaches to monitoring the ICD triggered by antitumoral therapeutics in the tumor microenvironment (TME) and novel perspective in this immune system strategy are also reviewed to give an overview of the relevance of ICD in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ángela-Patricia Hernández
- Department of Medicine and General Cytometry Service-Nucleus, CIBERONC CB16/12/00400, Cancer Research Centre (IBMCC/CSIC/USAL/IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (Á.-P.H.); (P.J.-V.); (A.L.-V.); (H.B.); (E.M.); (R.G.)
| | - Pablo Juanes-Velasco
- Department of Medicine and General Cytometry Service-Nucleus, CIBERONC CB16/12/00400, Cancer Research Centre (IBMCC/CSIC/USAL/IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (Á.-P.H.); (P.J.-V.); (A.L.-V.); (H.B.); (E.M.); (R.G.)
| | - Alicia Landeira-Viñuela
- Department of Medicine and General Cytometry Service-Nucleus, CIBERONC CB16/12/00400, Cancer Research Centre (IBMCC/CSIC/USAL/IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (Á.-P.H.); (P.J.-V.); (A.L.-V.); (H.B.); (E.M.); (R.G.)
| | - Halin Bareke
- Department of Medicine and General Cytometry Service-Nucleus, CIBERONC CB16/12/00400, Cancer Research Centre (IBMCC/CSIC/USAL/IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (Á.-P.H.); (P.J.-V.); (A.L.-V.); (H.B.); (E.M.); (R.G.)
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Institute of Health Sciences, Marmara University, 34722 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Enrique Montalvillo
- Department of Medicine and General Cytometry Service-Nucleus, CIBERONC CB16/12/00400, Cancer Research Centre (IBMCC/CSIC/USAL/IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (Á.-P.H.); (P.J.-V.); (A.L.-V.); (H.B.); (E.M.); (R.G.)
| | - Rafael Góngora
- Department of Medicine and General Cytometry Service-Nucleus, CIBERONC CB16/12/00400, Cancer Research Centre (IBMCC/CSIC/USAL/IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (Á.-P.H.); (P.J.-V.); (A.L.-V.); (H.B.); (E.M.); (R.G.)
| | - Manuel Fuentes
- Department of Medicine and General Cytometry Service-Nucleus, CIBERONC CB16/12/00400, Cancer Research Centre (IBMCC/CSIC/USAL/IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (Á.-P.H.); (P.J.-V.); (A.L.-V.); (H.B.); (E.M.); (R.G.)
- Proteomics Unit, Cancer Research Centre (IBMCC/CSIC/USAL/IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain
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82
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El Moukhtari SH, Rodríguez-Nogales C, Blanco-Prieto MJ. Oral lipid nanomedicines: Current status and future perspectives in cancer treatment. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 173:238-251. [PMID: 33774117 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Oral anticancer drugs have earned a seat at the table, as the need for homecare treatment in oncology has increased. Interest in this field is growing as a result of their proven efficacy, lower costs and positive patient uptake. However, the gastrointestinal barrier is still the main obstacle to surmount in chemotherapeutic oral delivery. Anticancer nanomedicines have been proposed to solve this quandary. Among these, lipid nanoparticles are described to be efficiently absorbed while protecting drugs from early degradation in hostile environments. Their intestinal lymphatic tropism or mucoadhesive/penetrative properties give them unique characteristics for oral administration. Considering that chronic cancer cases are increasing over time, it is important to be able to provide treatments with low toxicity and low prices. The challenges, opportunities and therapeutic perspectives of lipid nanoparticles in this area will be discussed in this review, taking into consideration the pre-clinical and clinical progress made in the last decade.
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83
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Angiogenesis and chemotherapy resistance: optimizing chemotherapy scheduling using mathematical modeling. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2021; 147:2281-2299. [PMID: 34050795 PMCID: PMC8236485 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-021-03657-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Chemotherapy remains a widely used cancer treatment. Acquired drug resistance may greatly reduce the efficacy of treatment and means to overcome it are a topic of active discussion among researchers. One of the proposed solutions is to shift the therapeutic paradigm from complete eradication of cancer to maintenance, i.e., to treat it as a chronic disease. A concept of metronomic therapy (low chemotherapy doses applied continuously) emerged in early 2000s and was henceforth shown to offer a number of benefits, including targeting endothelial cells and reducing acquired drug resistance. Using mathematical modeling and optimal control techniques, we investigate the hypothesis that lower doses of chemotherapy are beneficial for patients. Our analysis of a mathematical model of tumor growth under angiogenic signaling proposed by Hahnfeldt et al. adapted to heterogeneous tumors treated by combined anti-angiogenic agent and chemotherapy offers insights into the effects of metronomic therapy. Firstly, assuming constant long-term drug delivery, the model suggests that the longest survival time is achieved for intermediate drug doses. Secondly, by formalizing the notion of the therapeutic target being maintenance rather than eradication, we show that in the short term, optimal chemotherapy scheduling consists mainly of a drug applied at a low dose. In conclusion, we suggest that metronomic therapy is an attractive alternative to maximum tolerated dose therapies to be investigated in experimental settings and clinical trials.
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84
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Bondarenko M, Le Grand M, Shaked Y, Raviv Z, Chapuisat G, Carrère C, Montero MP, Rossi M, Pasquier E, Carré M, André N. Metronomic Chemotherapy Modulates Clonal Interactions to Prevent Drug Resistance in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13092239. [PMID: 34066944 PMCID: PMC8125381 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13092239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite recent advances in deciphering cancer drug resistance mechanisms, relapse is a widely observed phenomenon in advanced cancers, mainly due to intratumor clonal heterogeneity. How tumor clones progress and impact each other remains elusive. In this study, we developed 2D and 3D non-small cell lung cancer co-culture systems and defined a phenomenological mathematical model to better understand clone dynamics. Our results demonstrated that the drug-sensitive clones inhibit the proliferation of the drug-resistant ones under untreated conditions. Model predictions and their experimental in vitro and in vivo validations indicated that a metronomic schedule leads to a better regulation of tumor cell heterogeneity over time than a maximum-tolerated dose schedule, while achieving control of tumor progression. We finally showed that drug-sensitive and -resistant clones exhibited different metabolic statuses that could be involved in controlling the intratumor heterogeneity dynamics. Our data suggested that the glycolytic activity of drug-sensitive clones could play a major role in inhibiting the drug-resistant clone proliferation. Altogether, these computational and experimental approaches provide foundations for using metronomic therapy to control drug-sensitive and -resistant clone balance and highlight the potential of targeting cell metabolism to manage intratumor heterogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryna Bondarenko
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, Aix-Marseille Université, Inserm, CNRS, Institut Paoli Calmettes, 13273 Marseille, France; (M.B.); (M.L.G.); (M.-P.M.); (M.R.); (E.P.)
- Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Marseille (AP-HM), Timone Hospital, 13385 Marseille, France
| | - Marion Le Grand
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, Aix-Marseille Université, Inserm, CNRS, Institut Paoli Calmettes, 13273 Marseille, France; (M.B.); (M.L.G.); (M.-P.M.); (M.R.); (E.P.)
| | - Yuval Shaked
- Cell Biology and Cancer Science, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3525433, Israel; (Y.S.); (Z.R.)
- Metronomics Global Health Initiative, 13385 Marseille, France
| | - Ziv Raviv
- Cell Biology and Cancer Science, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3525433, Israel; (Y.S.); (Z.R.)
| | | | - Cécile Carrère
- Institut Denis Poisson, Université d’Orléans, CNRS, 45100 Orléans, France;
| | - Marie-Pierre Montero
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, Aix-Marseille Université, Inserm, CNRS, Institut Paoli Calmettes, 13273 Marseille, France; (M.B.); (M.L.G.); (M.-P.M.); (M.R.); (E.P.)
| | - Mailys Rossi
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, Aix-Marseille Université, Inserm, CNRS, Institut Paoli Calmettes, 13273 Marseille, France; (M.B.); (M.L.G.); (M.-P.M.); (M.R.); (E.P.)
| | - Eddy Pasquier
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, Aix-Marseille Université, Inserm, CNRS, Institut Paoli Calmettes, 13273 Marseille, France; (M.B.); (M.L.G.); (M.-P.M.); (M.R.); (E.P.)
- Metronomics Global Health Initiative, 13385 Marseille, France
| | - Manon Carré
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, Aix-Marseille Université, Inserm, CNRS, Institut Paoli Calmettes, 13273 Marseille, France; (M.B.); (M.L.G.); (M.-P.M.); (M.R.); (E.P.)
- Correspondence: (M.C.); (N.A.); Tel.: +33-(0)4-9183-5626 (M.C. & N.A.)
| | - Nicolas André
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, Aix-Marseille Université, Inserm, CNRS, Institut Paoli Calmettes, 13273 Marseille, France; (M.B.); (M.L.G.); (M.-P.M.); (M.R.); (E.P.)
- Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Marseille (AP-HM), Timone Hospital, 13385 Marseille, France
- Metronomics Global Health Initiative, 13385 Marseille, France
- Service d’Hématologie & Oncologie Pédiatrique, AP-HM, 13385 Marseille, France
- Correspondence: (M.C.); (N.A.); Tel.: +33-(0)4-9183-5626 (M.C. & N.A.)
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85
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Jia Z, Wignall A, Delon L, Guo Z, Prestidge C, Thierry B. An ex Vivo Model Enables Systematic Investigation of the Intestinal Absorption and Transcytosis of Oral Particulate Nanocarriers. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2021. [PMID: 33908245 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.0c01355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Nanoparticulate formulations are being developed toward enhancing the bioavailability of orally administrated biologics. However, the processes mediating particulate carriers' intestinal uptake and transport remains to be fully elucidated. Herein, an optical clearing-based whole tissue mount/imaging strategy was developed to enable high quality microscopic imaging of intestinal specimens. It enabled the distribution of nanoparticles within intestinal villi to be quantitatively analyzed at a cellular level. Two-hundred and fifty nm fluorescent polystyrene nanoparticles were modified with polyethylene glycol (PEG), Concanavalin A (ConA), and pectin to yield mucopenetrating, enterocyte targeting, and mucoadhesive model nanocarriers, respectively. Introducing ConA on the PEGylated nanoparticles significantly increased their uptake in the intestinal epithelium (∼4.16 fold for 200 nm nanoparticle and ∼2.88 fold for 50 nm nanoparticles at 2 h). Moreover, enterocyte targeting mediated the trans-epithelial translocation of 50 nm nanoparticles more efficiently than that of the 200 nm nanoparticles. This new approach provides an efficient methodology to obtain detailed insight into the transcytotic activity of enterocytes as well as the barrier function of the constitutive intestinal mucus. It can be applied to guide the rational design of particulate formulations for more efficient oral biologics delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengyang Jia
- Future Industries Institute and ARC Centre of Excellence Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes Campus, Adelaide, South Australia 5095, Australia
| | - Anthony Wignall
- UniSA Clinical and Health Science and ARC Centre of Excellence Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, University of South Australia, City West Campus, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia
| | - Ludivine Delon
- Future Industries Institute and ARC Centre of Excellence Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes Campus, Adelaide, South Australia 5095, Australia
| | - Zhaobin Guo
- Future Industries Institute and ARC Centre of Excellence Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes Campus, Adelaide, South Australia 5095, Australia
| | - Clive Prestidge
- UniSA Clinical and Health Science and ARC Centre of Excellence Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, University of South Australia, City West Campus, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia
| | - Benjamin Thierry
- Future Industries Institute and ARC Centre of Excellence Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes Campus, Adelaide, South Australia 5095, Australia
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86
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Yang X, Jiang D, Li Y, Zhang T, Xu D, Chen X, Pang J. Which Way to Choose for the Treatment of Metastatic Prostate Cancer: A Case Report and Literature Review. Front Oncol 2021; 11:659442. [PMID: 33981608 PMCID: PMC8107685 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.659442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second most common cancer among males in the world and the majority of patients will eventually progress to the metastatic phase. How to choose an effective way for the treatment of metastatic PCa, especially in the later stage of the disease is still confusing. Herein we reported the case of a patient diagnosed with metastatic PCa and conducted a literature review on this issue. Case Presentation A 57-year-old man with metastatic PCa had been managed by Dr. J.P. since April 2012 when the patient was admitted to the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University by aggravating frequent urination and dysuria. The prostate-specific antigen (PSA) concentration was 140 ng/ml, and the diagnosis of PCa was confirmed by prostate biopsy, with Gleason score 4 + 5 = 9. Chest CT and bone scan indicated multiple metastases in the lungs and bones. Triptorelin, bicalutamide, zoledronic acid, and docetaxel were then administered, six cycles later, the metastatic tumors in the lungs disappeared and those in the bones lessened significantly, along with a remarkable reduction in PSA level (< 2 ng/ml). Intermittent androgen deprivation was subsequently conducted until August 2018, when the serum PSA level was found to be 250 ng/ml, again docetaxel 75 mg/m2 was administered immediately but the patient was intolerant this time. Instead, abiraterone was administered until March 2019 because of intolerable gastrointestinal side-effects and increasing PSA level. In October 2019, the patient came to our center, a modified approach of docetaxel (day 1 40 mg/m2 + day 8 35 mg/m2) was administered. Luckily, the PSA level decreased rapidly, the bone pain was greatly relieved, and no obvious side effects occurred. However, four cycles later, docetaxel failed to work anymore, the metastatic tumor in the liver progressed. We proposed several regimens as alternatives, but they were soon denied due to the high prices or unavailability or uncertain effect of the drugs. In addition, the patient’s condition deteriorated speedily and can no longer bear any aggressive treatment. Finally, the patient died of multiple organ failure in August 2020. Conclusion The experiences of this case provide valuable evidence and reference for the treatment choices of metastatic PCa, in some circumstances modified and advanced regimens may produce unexpected effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangwei Yang
- Department of Urology, Kidney and Urology Center, Pelvic Floor Disorders Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Donggen Jiang
- Department of Urology, Kidney and Urology Center, Pelvic Floor Disorders Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yamei Li
- Department of Urology, Kidney and Urology Center, Pelvic Floor Disorders Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Tianzhi Zhang
- Department of Pathology, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Duanya Xu
- Department of Urology, Kidney and Urology Center, Pelvic Floor Disorders Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xianju Chen
- Department of Urology, Kidney and Urology Center, Pelvic Floor Disorders Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jun Pang
- Department of Urology, Kidney and Urology Center, Pelvic Floor Disorders Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, China
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87
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Deng Z, Li C, Chen S, Zhou Q, Xu Z, Wang Z, Yao H, Hirao H, Zhu G. An intramolecular photoswitch can significantly promote photoactivation of Pt(iv) prodrugs. Chem Sci 2021; 12:6536-6542. [PMID: 34040729 PMCID: PMC8139284 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc06839j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Selective activation of prodrugs at diseased tissue through bioorthogonal catalysis represents an attractive strategy for precision cancer treatment. Achieving efficient prodrug photoactivation in cancer cells, however, remains challenging. Herein, we report two Pt(iv) complexes, designated as rhodaplatins {rhodaplatin 1, [Pt(CBDCA-O,O)(NH3)2(RhB)OH]; rhodaplatin 2, [Pt(DACH)ox(RhB)(OH)], where CBDCA is cyclobutane-1,1-dicarboxylate, RhB is rhodamine B, DACH is (1R,2R)-1,2-diaminocyclohexane, and ox is oxalate}, that bear an internal photoswitch to realize efficient accumulation, significant co-localization, and subsequent effective photoactivation in cancer cells. Compared with the conventional platform of external photocatalyst plus substrate, rhodaplatins presented up to 4.8 104-fold increased photoconversion efficiency in converting inert Pt(iv) prodrugs to active Pt(ii) species under physiological conditions, due to the increased proximity and covalent bond between the photoswitch and Pt(iv) substrate. As a result, rhodaplatins displayed increased photocytotoxicity compared with a mixture of RhB and conventional Pt(iv) compound in cancer cells including Pt-resistant ones. Intriguingly, rhodaplatin 2 efficiently accumulated in the mitochondria and induced apoptosis without causing genomic DNA damage to overcome drug resistance. This work presents a new approach to develop highly effective prodrugs containing intramolecular photoswitches for potential medical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqin Deng
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong Hong Kong SAR P. R. China
- City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute Shenzhen 518057 P. R. China
| | - Cai Li
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong Hong Kong SAR P. R. China
- City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute Shenzhen 518057 P. R. China
| | - Shu Chen
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong Hong Kong SAR P. R. China
- City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute Shenzhen 518057 P. R. China
| | - Qiyuan Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong Hong Kong SAR P. R. China
- City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute Shenzhen 518057 P. R. China
| | - Zoufeng Xu
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong Hong Kong SAR P. R. China
- City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute Shenzhen 518057 P. R. China
| | - Zhigang Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University Shenzhen P. R. China
| | - Houzong Yao
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong Hong Kong SAR P. R. China
- City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute Shenzhen 518057 P. R. China
| | - Hajime Hirao
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong Hong Kong SAR P. R. China
| | - Guangyu Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong Hong Kong SAR P. R. China
- City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute Shenzhen 518057 P. R. China
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Metcalf KJ, Alazzeh A, Werb Z, Weaver VM. Leveraging microenvironmental synthetic lethalities to treat cancer. J Clin Invest 2021; 131:143765. [PMID: 33720045 PMCID: PMC7954586 DOI: 10.1172/jci143765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Treatment resistance leads to cancer patient mortality. Therapeutic approaches that employ synthetic lethality to target mutational vulnerabilities in key tumor cell signaling pathways have proven effective in overcoming therapeutic resistance in some cancers. Yet, tumors are organs composed of malignant cells residing within a cellular and noncellular stroma. Tumor evolution and resistance to anticancer treatment are mediated through a dynamic and reciprocal dialogue with the tumor microenvironment (TME). Accordingly, expanding tumor cell synthetic lethality to encompass contextual synthetic lethality has the potential to eradicate tumors by targeting critical TME circuits that promote tumor progression and therapeutic resistance. In this Review, we summarize current knowledge about the TME and discuss its role in treatment. We outline the concept of tumor cell-specific synthetic lethality and describe therapeutic approaches to expand this paradigm to leverage TME synthetic lethality to improve cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Zena Werb
- Department of Anatomy
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center
| | - Valerie M. Weaver
- Department of Surgery
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center
- Center for Bioengineering and Tissue Regeneration, and
- Radiation Oncology, Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
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Wang X, Wang SS, Huang H, Cai L, Zhao L, Peng RJ, Lin Y, Tang J, Zeng J, Zhang LH, Ke YL, Wang XM, Liu XM, Chen QJ, Zhang AQ, Xu F, Bi XW, Huang JJ, Li JB, Pang DM, Xue C, Shi YX, He ZY, Lin HX, An X, Xia W, Cao Y, Guo Y, Su YH, Hua X, Wang XY, Hong RX, Jiang KK, Song CG, Huang ZZ, Shi W, Zhong YY, Yuan ZY. Effect of Capecitabine Maintenance Therapy Using Lower Dosage and Higher Frequency vs Observation on Disease-Free Survival Among Patients With Early-Stage Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Who Had Received Standard Treatment: The SYSUCC-001 Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA 2021; 325:50-58. [PMID: 33300950 PMCID: PMC7729589 DOI: 10.1001/jama.2020.23370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Among all subtypes of breast cancer, triple-negative breast cancer has a relatively high relapse rate and poor outcome after standard treatment. Effective strategies to reduce the risk of relapse and death are needed. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the efficacy and adverse effects of low-dose capecitabine maintenance after standard adjuvant chemotherapy in early-stage triple-negative breast cancer. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Randomized clinical trial conducted at 13 academic centers and clinical sites in China from April 2010 to December 2016 and final date of follow-up was April 30, 2020. Patients (n = 443) had early-stage triple-negative breast cancer and had completed standard adjuvant chemotherapy. INTERVENTIONS Eligible patients were randomized 1:1 to receive capecitabine (n = 222) at a dose of 650 mg/m2 twice a day by mouth for 1 year without interruption or to observation (n = 221) after completion of standard adjuvant chemotherapy. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES The primary end point was disease-free survival. Secondary end points included distant disease-free survival, overall survival, locoregional recurrence-free survival, and adverse events. RESULTS Among 443 women who were randomized, 434 were included in the full analysis set (mean [SD] age, 46 [9.9] years; T1/T2 stage, 93.1%; node-negative, 61.8%) (98.0% completed the trial). After a median follow-up of 61 months (interquartile range, 44-82), 94 events were observed, including 38 events (37 recurrences and 32 deaths) in the capecitabine group and 56 events (56 recurrences and 40 deaths) in the observation group. The estimated 5-year disease-free survival was 82.8% in the capecitabine group and 73.0% in the observation group (hazard ratio [HR] for risk of recurrence or death, 0.64 [95% CI, 0.42-0.95]; P = .03). In the capecitabine group vs the observation group, the estimated 5-year distant disease-free survival was 85.8% vs 75.8% (HR for risk of distant metastasis or death, 0.60 [95% CI, 0.38-0.92]; P = .02), the estimated 5-year overall survival was 85.5% vs 81.3% (HR for risk of death, 0.75 [95% CI, 0.47-1.19]; P = .22), and the estimated 5-year locoregional recurrence-free survival was 85.0% vs 80.8% (HR for risk of locoregional recurrence or death, 0.72 [95% CI, 0.46-1.13]; P = .15). The most common capecitabine-related adverse event was hand-foot syndrome (45.2%), with 7.7% of patients experiencing a grade 3 event. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Among women with early-stage triple-negative breast cancer who received standard adjuvant treatment, low-dose capecitabine maintenance therapy for 1 year, compared with observation, resulted in significantly improved 5-year disease-free survival. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01112826.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Wang
- Department of Breast Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, the State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Shu-Sen Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, the State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Heng Huang
- Department of Breast Oncology, Lianjiang People’s Hospital, Lianjiang, China
| | - Li Cai
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Affiliated Tumour Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Li Zhao
- Department of Breast Oncology, Guangzhou First People Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Rou-Jun Peng
- Department of Integrated Therapy in Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, the State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ying Lin
- Department of Breast Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jun Tang
- Department of Breast Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, the State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jian Zeng
- Department of Breast Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Le-Hong Zhang
- Department of Breast Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yong-Li Ke
- Department of Breast Oncology, General Hospital of PLA Guangzhou Military Area, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xian-Ming Wang
- Department of Breast Oncology, Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Xin-Mei Liu
- Department of Breast Oncology, Haikou People’s Hospital, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Qian-Jun Chen
- Department of Breast Oncology, Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - An-Qin Zhang
- Department of Breast Oncology, Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Fei Xu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, the State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xi-Wen Bi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, the State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jia-Jia Huang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, the State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ji-Bin Li
- Department of Good Clinical Practice, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, the State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Dan-Mei Pang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Foshan First People’s Hospital, Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Cong Xue
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, the State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yan-Xia Shi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, the State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhen-Yu He
- Department of Radiotherapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, the State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Huan-Xin Lin
- Department of Radiotherapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, the State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xin An
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, the State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Wen Xia
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, the State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ye Cao
- Department of Good Clinical Practice, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, the State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ying Guo
- Department of Good Clinical Practice, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, the State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | | | - Xin Hua
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, the State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xin-Yue Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, the State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ruo-Xi Hong
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, the State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Kui-Kui Jiang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, the State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Chen-Ge Song
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, the State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhang-Zan Huang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, the State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Wei Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Yong-Yi Zhong
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, the State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhong-Yu Yuan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, the State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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Ho-Xuan H, Lehmann G, Glazar P, Gypas F, Eichner N, Heizler K, Schlitt HJ, Zavolan M, Rajewsky N, Meister G, Hackl C. Gene Expression Signatures of a Preclinical Mouse Model during Colorectal Cancer Progression under Low-Dose Metronomic Chemotherapy. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 13:E49. [PMID: 33375322 PMCID: PMC7795790 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13010049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the molecular signatures of colorectal cancer progression under chemotherapeutic treatment will be crucial for the success of future therapy improvements. Here, we used a xenograft-based mouse model to investigate, how whole transcriptome signatures change during metastatic colorectal cancer progression and how such signatures are affected by LDM chemotherapy using RNA sequencing. We characterized mRNAs as well as non-coding RNAs such as microRNAs, long non-coding RNAs and circular RNAs in colorectal-cancer bearing mice with or without LDM chemotherapy. Furthermore, we found that circZNF609 functions as oncogene, since over-expression studies lead to an increased tumor growth while specific knock down results in smaller tumors. Our data represent novel insights into the relevance of non-coding and circRNAs in colorectal cancer and provide a comprehensive resource of gene expression changes in primary tumors and metastases. In addition, we present candidate genes that could be important modulators for successful LDM chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung Ho-Xuan
- Biochemistry Center Regensburg (BCR), Laboratory for RNA Biology, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (H.H.-X.); (G.L.); (N.E.); (K.H.)
| | - Gerhard Lehmann
- Biochemistry Center Regensburg (BCR), Laboratory for RNA Biology, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (H.H.-X.); (G.L.); (N.E.); (K.H.)
| | - Petar Glazar
- Laboratory for Systems Biology of Gene Regulatory Elements, Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Max-Delbruck Center for Molecular Medicine, 10115 Berlin, Germany; (P.G.); (N.R.)
| | - Foivos Gypas
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland; (F.G.); (M.Z.)
| | - Norbert Eichner
- Biochemistry Center Regensburg (BCR), Laboratory for RNA Biology, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (H.H.-X.); (G.L.); (N.E.); (K.H.)
| | - Kevin Heizler
- Biochemistry Center Regensburg (BCR), Laboratory for RNA Biology, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (H.H.-X.); (G.L.); (N.E.); (K.H.)
| | - Hans J. Schlitt
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany;
| | - Mihaela Zavolan
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland; (F.G.); (M.Z.)
| | - Nikolaus Rajewsky
- Laboratory for Systems Biology of Gene Regulatory Elements, Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Max-Delbruck Center for Molecular Medicine, 10115 Berlin, Germany; (P.G.); (N.R.)
| | - Gunter Meister
- Biochemistry Center Regensburg (BCR), Laboratory for RNA Biology, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (H.H.-X.); (G.L.); (N.E.); (K.H.)
| | - Christina Hackl
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany;
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Zhu XH, Du JX, Zhu D, Ren SZ, Chen K, Zhu HL. Recent Research on Methods to Improve Tumor Hypoxia Environment. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:5721258. [PMID: 33343807 PMCID: PMC7725563 DOI: 10.1155/2020/5721258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 07/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is a major disease burden worldwide. In recent years, in addition to surgical resection, radiotherapy and chemotherapy are recognized as the most effective methods for treating solid tumors. These methods have been introduced to treat tumors of different origins and stages clinically. However, due to insufficient blood flow and oxygen (O2) supply in solid tumors, hypoxia is caused, leading to decreased sensitivity of tumor cells and poor therapeutic effects. In addition, hypoxia will also lead to resistance to most anticancer drugs, accelerate malignant progress, and increase metastasis. In solid tumors, adequate O2 supply and adequate delivery of anticancer drugs are essential to improve radiotherapy and chemotherapy sensitivity. In recent decades, the researches on relieving tumor hypoxia have attracted researchers' extensive attention and achieved good results. However, as far as we know, there is no detailed review of the researches on alleviating tumor hypoxia. Therefore, in this contribution, we hope to give an overview of the researches on methods to improve tumor hypoxia environment and summarize their effect and application in tumor therapy, to provide a methodological reference for the research and development of new antitumor agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Hua Zhu
- The Joint Research Center of Guangzhou University and Keele University for Gene Interference and Application, School of Life Science, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jun-Xi Du
- The Joint Research Center of Guangzhou University and Keele University for Gene Interference and Application, School of Life Science, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Dan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Shen-Zhen Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Hebei Province, Institute of Biophysics, School of Sciences, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, China
| | - Kun Chen
- The Joint Research Center of Guangzhou University and Keele University for Gene Interference and Application, School of Life Science, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Hai-Liang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
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Sanna G, Pestrin M, Moretti E, Biagioni C, De Santo I, Gabellini S, Galardi F, McCartney A, Biganzoli L. A Dose-finding Study of Metronomic Oral Vinorelbine in Combination With Oral Cyclophosphamide and Bevacizumab in Patients With Advanced Breast Cancer. Clin Breast Cancer 2020; 21:e332-e339. [PMID: 33353853 DOI: 10.1016/j.clbc.2020.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metronomic chemotherapy can induce disease control in patients with metastatic breast cancer (MBC) and has better safety profiles than conventional chemotherapy. Evidence suggests that cytotoxics can be anti-angiogenic in pre-clinical models and may have synergistic effects when combined with anti-vascular endothelial growth factor therapies. PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients pretreated with ≥ 1 prior line of therapy for MBC received oral cyclophosphamide 50 mg daily in combination with oral vinorelbine at escalating doses of 20 mg (V20), 30 mg (V30), and 40 mg (V40) 3 times per week, and intravenous bevacizumab 15 mg/kg every 3 weeks. Patients with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-positive disease were given the same regimen plus standard trastuzumab. Doses were escalated when 3 patients completed 3 treatment cycles of V20 and V30, without experiencing dose-limiting toxicities. The recommended dose was then tested in a further 6 patients. Circulating tumour cells and circulating endothelial cells (CEC) were measured in 30 mL of whole blood samples at baseline, after cycle 1, and at the disease progression. RESULTS Fifteen patients were recruited from June 2013 to October 2015. The median age was 61 years (range, 29-72 years); 80% had estrogen receptor-positive and 33% had human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-positive disease. At least 67% had visceral metastases, and 80% had received ≥ 2 lines of prior treatment. No dose-limiting toxicities were observed at the 3 dose-levels, making V40 the recommended dose. Overall 8 (53%) patients developed grade 2 adverse events (arthralgia, n = 3 [20%]; asthenia, n = 2 [13%]; diarrhea, n = 2 [13%]; leukopenia, n = 2 [13%]). Bevacizumab was associated with grade 3 hypertension (n = 3 [20%]). Stable disease as best response was observed in 11 (73.3%) patients. The clinical benefit rate was 66.6% (10/15 patients). The median time to progression was 6.9 months. At baseline, CECs were more commonly detectable than circulating tumor cells; however, no statistical correlation was found between CEC kinetics and response. CONCLUSION A metronomic vinorelbine dose of 40 mg combined with cyclophosphamide and bevacizumab is a promising treatment regimen in pretreated patients with MBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppina Sanna
- Medical Oncology Department, Nuovo Ospedale-Santo Stefano Instituto Toscano Tumori, Prato, Italy.
| | - Marta Pestrin
- Oncologia Medica, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Giuliano Isontina, Gorizia, Italy
| | - Erica Moretti
- Medical Oncology Department, Nuovo Ospedale-Santo Stefano Instituto Toscano Tumori, Prato, Italy
| | | | - Irene De Santo
- Oncologia Medica, Ospedale Misericordia di Grosseto, Grosseto, Italy
| | - Stefano Gabellini
- Medical Oncology Department, Nuovo Ospedale-Santo Stefano Instituto Toscano Tumori, Prato, Italy
| | - Francesca Galardi
- Sandro Pitigliani Translational Research Unit, Hospital of Prato, Prato, Italy
| | - Amelia McCartney
- Medical Oncology Department, Nuovo Ospedale-Santo Stefano Instituto Toscano Tumori, Prato, Italy
| | - Laura Biganzoli
- Medical Oncology Department, Nuovo Ospedale-Santo Stefano Instituto Toscano Tumori, Prato, Italy
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Pangeni R, Subedi L, Jha SK, Kweon S, Kang SH, Chang KY, Choi JU, Byun Y, Park JW. Improvements in the Oral Absorption and Anticancer Efficacy of an Oxaliplatin-Loaded Solid Formulation: Pharmacokinetic Properties in Rats and Nonhuman Primates and the Effects of Oral Metronomic Dosing on Colorectal Cancer. Int J Nanomedicine 2020; 15:7719-7743. [PMID: 33116497 PMCID: PMC7555381 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s267424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The anticancer efficacy of orally administered chemotherapeutics is often constrained by low intestinal membrane permeability and oral bioavailability. In this context, we designed a solid oral formulation of oxaliplatin (OP), a third-generation cisplatin analog, to improve oral bioavailability and investigate its application in metronomic chemotherapy. Methods An ion-pairing complex of OP with a permeation enhancer, Nα-deoxycholyl-l-lysyl-methylester (DLM), was successfully prepared and then mixed with dispersing agents (including poloxamer 188 and Labrasol) to form the solid, amorphous oral formulation OP/DLM (OP/DLM-SF; hereafter, ODSF). Results The optimized powder formulation was sized in the nanoscale range (133±1.47 nm). The effective permeability of OP increased by 12.4-fold after ionic complex formation with DLM and was further increased by 24.0-fold after incorporation into ODSF. ODSF exhibited respective increases of 128% and 1010% in apparent permeability across a Caco-2 monolayer, compared to OP/DLM and OP. Furthermore, inhibition of bile acid transporters by actinomycin D and caveola-mediated uptake by brefeldin in Caco-2 cell monolayers reduced the apparent permeability values of ODSF by 58.4% and 51.1%, respectively, suggesting predominant roles for bile acid transporters and caveola-mediated transport in intestinal absorption of ODSF. In addition, macropinocytosis and paracellular and transcellular passive transport significantly influenced the intestinal permeation of ODSF. The oral bioavailabilities of ODSF in rats and monkeys were 68.2% and 277% higher, respectively, than the oral bioavailability of free OP. In vivo analyses of anticancer efficacy in CT26 and HCT116 cell-bearing mice treated with ODSF demonstrated significant suppression of tumor growth, with respective maximal tumor volume reductions of 7.77-fold and 4.07-fold, compared to controls. Conclusion ODSF exhibits therapeutic potential, constituting an effective delivery system that increases oral bioavailability, with applications to metronomic chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rudra Pangeni
- College of Pharmacy and Natural Medicine Research Institute, Mokpo National University, Muan-gun, Jeonnam, 58554, Republic of Korea
| | - Laxman Subedi
- Department of Biomedicine, Health & Life Convergence Sciences, BK21 Four, Mokpo National University, Muan-gun, Jeonnam, 58554, Republic of Korea
| | - Saurav Kumar Jha
- Department of Biomedicine, Health & Life Convergence Sciences, BK21 Four, Mokpo National University, Muan-gun, Jeonnam, 58554, Republic of Korea
| | - Seho Kweon
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Science, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Seo-Hee Kang
- Global R&D Center, IcureBNP, Seoul 08511, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Jeong Uk Choi
- College of Pharmacy, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngro Byun
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Science, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Woo Park
- College of Pharmacy and Natural Medicine Research Institute, Mokpo National University, Muan-gun, Jeonnam, 58554, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biomedicine, Health & Life Convergence Sciences, BK21 Four, Mokpo National University, Muan-gun, Jeonnam, 58554, Republic of Korea
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Harsh KK, Maharia SR, Nirban RK, Khatri P, Beniwal S, Kumar HS, Jakhar SL. Metronomic palliative chemotherapy in locally advanced, recurrent and metastatic head-and-neck cancer: A single-arm, retrospective study of a regional cancer center of North India (Asia). J Cancer Res Ther 2020; 16:559-564. [PMID: 32719267 DOI: 10.4103/jcrt.jcrt_702_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Background Head-and-neck cancer is the most common cancer in developing countries of Southeast Asia. Most of the patients present to the hospital in advanced stage and have a poor prognosis. This study aims to evaluate the efficacy and toxicity profile of oral metronomic chemotherapy (MCT) in the form of methotrexate and celecoxib in locally advanced, recurrent and metastatic head-and-neck cancers. Materials and Methods This was a single-arm retrospective observational study that included posttreatment patients with locally advanced, recurrent and metastatic disease in the year 2016 (January 1, to December 31, 2016). A total of 84 patients warranting palliative chemotherapy but not willing to take intravenous chemotherapy were included in the study. The oral MCT schedule consisted of oral celecoxib (200 mg twice daily) and oral methotrexate (15 mg/m2/week). Response evaluation was done using the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors criteria version 1.1, and toxicity profile was assessed using the National Cancer Institute Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events version 4.03. Descriptive statistics and Kaplan-Meier analysis were performed. Results Eighty-four patients, 68 males and 16 females, with a median age of 62 years (range: 35-80 years), were enrolled in the study to receive oral MCT. The Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status was 0-1 in 62 patients and 2-3 in 22 patients. The primary sites of disease were buccal mucosa (18), tongue (22), tonsil (24), lower alveolus (7), hypopharynx (10), and soft palate (3). The best clinical response rate in post oral MCT was seen in the first 4 months (120 days). Objective response was observed in 67% of patients in the form of stable disease (56%) and partial response (11%). Disease progression was observed in 27% of patients. The median follow-up was 192 (6.4 months) days. The median estimated overall survival was 195 (6.5 months) days. The median estimated progression-free survival was 110 (3.6 months) days. Symptomatic relief with respect to pain was reported in about 75% of patients. Eighteen (21%) patients had Grade I-II mucosal reactions. Grade III-IV mucosal reactions were observed in five (6%) patients. Seventy-eight (93%) patients died at the end of the study at 1 year. Dose reduction was required in 15 (18%) patients. Conclusion Oral MCT using celecoxib and methotrexate is an effective, economical, and well-tolerated regimen with good pain control and low toxicity profile in patients with locally advanced, recurrent and metastatic head-and-neck cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamlesh Kumar Harsh
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Acharya Tulsi Regional Cancer Treatment and Research Institute, Bikaner, Rajasthan, India
| | - Sita Ram Maharia
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Acharya Tulsi Regional Cancer Treatment and Research Institute, Bikaner, Rajasthan, India
| | - Raj Kumar Nirban
- Department of Palliative Medicine, Acharya Tulsi Regional Cancer Treatment and Research Institute, Bikaner, Rajasthan, India
| | - Pramila Khatri
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Acharya Tulsi Regional Cancer Treatment and Research Institute, Bikaner, Rajasthan, India
| | - Surenderkumar Beniwal
- Department of Medical Oncology, Acharya Tulsi Regional Cancer Treatment and Research Institute, Bikaner, Rajasthan, India
| | - Harvinder Singh Kumar
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Acharya Tulsi Regional Cancer Treatment and Research Institute, Bikaner, Rajasthan, India
| | - Shankar Lal Jakhar
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Acharya Tulsi Regional Cancer Treatment and Research Institute, Bikaner, Rajasthan, India
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95
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Pharmacodynamic biomarkers in metronomic chemotherapy: multiplex cytokine measurements in gastrointestinal cancer patients. Clin Exp Med 2020; 21:149-159. [PMID: 33048259 DOI: 10.1007/s10238-020-00666-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Metronomic chemotherapy has shown promising antitumor activity in a number of malignancies. We previously reported a phase II clinical trial of metronomic UFT (a 5-fluorouracil prodrug; 100 mg/twice per day p.o.) and cyclophosphamide (CTX; 500 mg/m2 i.v. bolus on day 1 and then 50 mg/day p.o.) plus celecoxib (200 mg/twice a day p.o.) in 38 patients with advanced refractory gastrointestinal tumors. The mechanisms of action of metronomic chemotherapy include inhibition of angiogenesis, direct cytotoxic effects on cancer cells, and, at least for drugs such as CTX, activation of the immune system. To further evaluate the latter, we carried out an immune system multiplex 14-cytokine profiling of plasma samples that were available (for day 0, day 28, and day 56) from 31 of the 38 patients in the above-noted clinical trial. Our results show that pre-treatment plasma-level cutoffs of interferon gamma (> 12.84 pg/ml), sCD40L (< 2168 pg/ml), interferon alpha 2 (> 55.11 pg/ml), and IL-17a (< 15.1 pg/ml) were predictive markers for those patients with better progression-free survival (p < .05 for each cytokine). After 28 days of metronomic therapy, the plasma levels of sCD40L, IL-17a, and IL-6 (< 130 pg/ml) could serve as predictors of improved progression-free survival, as could levels interferon gamma and sCD40L after 56 days of therapy. We observed minimal changes in cytokine profiles, from baseline, as a consequence of the metronomic therapy, with the exception of an elevation of IL-6 and IL-8 levels 28 days (and 56 days) after treatment started (p < 0.05). Our results indicate that a selective cytokine elevation involves IL-6 and IL-8, following metronomic chemotherapy administration. In addition, interferon gamma and sCD40L may be potential biomarkers for gastrointestinal cancer patients that are likely to benefit from metronomic chemotherapy. Our study contributes to our understanding of the mechanisms of action of metronomic chemotherapy, and the cytokine profiling we describe may guide future selection of gastrointestinal cancer patients for UFT/CTX/celecoxib combination metronomic chemotherapy.
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96
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Cai XJ, Fei WD, Xu YY, Xu H, Yang GY, Cao JW, Ni JJ, Wang Z. Combination of metronomic administration and target delivery strategies to improve the anti-angiogenic and anti-tumor effects of triptolide. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2020; 10:93-107. [PMID: 31418132 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-019-00665-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The metronomic administration of a low-dose cytotoxic agent with no prolonged drug-free breaks is an anti-angiogenic cancer treatment method. The use of nano-formulations in this manner enhances anti-tumor efficacy and reduces toxicity by inhibiting angiogenic activity, reduces adverse effects, and changes the biodistribution of TP in the body, steering TP away from potentially endangering healthy tissues. The present study uses liposomes and Asn-Gly-Arg (NGR) peptide conjugated aminopeptidase N(APN)-targeted liposomes for triptolide (TP), as a model for the investigation of targeted metronomic administration and subsequent effects on the toxicity profile and efficacy of the chemotherapeutic agent. Metronomic NGR-PEG-TP-LPs have been found to have enhanced anti-tumor activity, a phenomenon that is attributed to an increase in angiogenic inhibition properties. In vitro experiments demonstrate that the viability, migration, and tube formation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) are obviously suppressed in comparison with that of other treatment groups. In vivo experiments also demonstrate that the anti-tumor efficacy of targeted metronomic administration is superior to that of liposome-administered treatments given at maximum tolerated dose (MTD) schemes, as is evidenced by markedly decreased tumor volume, vessel density, and the volume of circulating endothelial progenitor cells (CEPCs) in serum. Moreover, we observed that the metronomic administration of NGR-PEG-TP-LPs could elevate thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1) expression in tumors, a finding that is consistent with the promotion of TSP-1 secretion specifically from HUVECs. Additionally, metronomic NGR-PEG-TP-LPs have minimal drug-associated toxicity (weight loss, hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity in mice). Our research demonstrates the significance of targeted metronomic administration using liposomes for anti-angiogenic cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Jun Cai
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine Integrated Hospital, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei-Dong Fei
- Department of Pharmacy, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Ying-Ying Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine Integrated Hospital, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Zhejiang Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine Integrated Hospital, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Gao-Yi Yang
- Department of Ultrasoud, Zhejiang Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine Integrated Hospital, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia-Wei Cao
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine Integrated Hospital, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Jun Ni
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine Integrated Hospital, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Zeng Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Institute of Cancer Research and Basic Medical Sciences of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Cancer Hospital of University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, 310022, People's Republic of China.
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97
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Shu Y, Weng S, Zheng S. Metronomic chemotherapy in non-small cell lung cancer. Oncol Lett 2020; 20:307. [PMID: 33093916 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.12170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Metronomic chemotherapy (MCT) is defined as the rhythmic chemotherapy of low-dose cytotoxic drugs with short or no drug-free breaks over prolonged periods. MCT affects tumor cells and the tumor microenvironment. Particularly, the low-dose schedule impairs the repair process of endothelial cells, resulting in an anti-angiogenesis effect. By stimulating the immune system to eliminate tumor cells, MCT induces immunological activation. Furthermore, combined with targeted therapy, anti-angiogenic drugs enhance the efficacy of MCT. The present review is an overview of phase I, II and III clinical trials focusing on the efficacy, toxicity and mechanism of MCT in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Furthermore, the prospects of MCT in NSCLC have been discussed. The present review indicated that MCT is an efficacious treatment for selected patients with NSCLC, with acceptable systemic side effects and economic viability for public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yefei Shu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hangzhou Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310002, P.R. China
| | - Shanshan Weng
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
| | - Song Zheng
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hangzhou Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310002, P.R. China.,Department of Medical Oncology, Key Laboratory of Clinical Cancer Pharmacology and Toxicology Research of Zhejiang, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R. China
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98
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Van Oekelen O, Parekh S, Cho HJ, Vishnuvardhan N, Madduri D, Richter J, Ip C, Lau K, Florendo E, Mancia IS, Thomas J, Verina D, Chan E, Zarychta K, La L, Strumolo G, Melnekoff DT, Leshchenko VV, Kim-Schulze S, Couto S, Wang M, Pierceall WE, Thakurta A, Laganà A, Jagannath S, Chari A. A phase II study of pomalidomide, daily oral cyclophosphamide, and dexamethasone in relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma. Leuk Lymphoma 2020; 61:2208-2215. [DOI: 10.1080/10428194.2020.1805111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Samir Parekh
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Hearn J. Cho
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Deepu Madduri
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Joshua Richter
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Chun Ip
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kenneth Lau
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Erika Florendo
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ines S. Mancia
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Joanne Thomas
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Daniel Verina
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Elaine Chan
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Lisa La
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Gina Strumolo
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | | | | | | | - Suzana Couto
- Celgene Corporation, Translational Development and Diagnostics, Summit, NJ, USA
| | - Maria Wang
- Celgene Corporation, Translational Development and Diagnostics, Summit, NJ, USA
| | | | - Anjan Thakurta
- Celgene Corporation, Translational Development and Diagnostics, Summit, NJ, USA
| | | | | | - Ajai Chari
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
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99
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Immunostimulation with chemotherapy in the era of immune checkpoint inhibitors. Nat Rev Clin Oncol 2020; 17:725-741. [PMID: 32760014 DOI: 10.1038/s41571-020-0413-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 671] [Impact Index Per Article: 167.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Conventional chemotherapeutics have been developed into clinically useful agents based on their ability to preferentially kill malignant cells, generally owing to their elevated proliferation rate. Nonetheless, the clinical activity of various chemotherapies is now known to involve the stimulation of anticancer immunity either by initiating the release of immunostimulatory molecules from dying cancer cells or by mediating off-target effects on immune cell populations. Understanding the precise immunological mechanisms that underlie the efficacy of chemotherapy has the potential not only to enable the identification of superior biomarkers of response but also to accelerate the development of synergistic combination regimens that enhance the clinical effectiveness of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) relative to their effectiveness as monotherapies. Indeed, accumulating evidence supports the clinical value of combining appropriately dosed chemotherapies with ICIs. In this Review, we discuss preclinical and clinical data on the immunostimulatory effects of conventional chemotherapeutics in the context of ICI-based immunotherapy.
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100
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Correal ML, Camplesi AC, Anai LA, Bertolo PHL, Vasconcelos RDO, Santana ÁE. Toxicity of a methotrexate metronomic schedule in Wistar rats. Res Vet Sci 2020; 132:379-385. [PMID: 32755752 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2020.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Metronomic chemotherapy is a relevant strategy that uses low doses of antineoplastic drugs for sustained periods to control tumor growth, an alternative frequently utilized in veterinary patients. This work aimed to evaluate the toxic effects of a metronomic oral dose of methotrexate (MTX) for 45 days in tumor-free Wistar rats when compared with control animals. Clinical alterations, body weight, food, and water intake were monitored daily, and bone marrow suppression, hematological, biochemical, and histopathological analyses were performed at three points (days 30, 45, and 60). MTX-treated animals did not demonstrate severe systemic involvement. At 30 days, compared with control animals, MTX-treated animals showed significant leukocytosis (11.9 ± 2.3 vs. 7.8 ± 0.2 106/μL; P < .05) and augmentation of immature myeloid populations from bone marrow (9.0 ± 0.8 vs. 6.5 ± 1.5%; P < .05), and at 60 days, treated animals showed significant neutrophilia (35.0 ± 11.0 vs. 23.00 ± 3.0%; P < .05), depletion of bone marrow lymphocytes (8.2 ± 0.7 vs. 11.5 ± 1.9%; P < .05), and immature myeloid populations (7.2 ± 0.7 vs. 8.3 ± 0.6%; P < .05). At a histopathological level, splenic hypoplasia and respiratory inflammatory lesions were significant when compared with control animals, presenting mild to moderate myelotoxicity, immune suppression, and associated clinical compromise that persisted beyond treatment withdrawal. This suggested that MTX metronomic toxicity should not be neglected owing to the observed residual side-effects and special care should be taken regarding myelosuppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Lucía Correal
- Department of Veterinary Clinic and Surgery, School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane s/n, CEP 14884-900 Jaboticabal/SP, Brazil.
| | - Annelise Carla Camplesi
- Department of Veterinary Clinic and Surgery, School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane s/n, CEP 14884-900 Jaboticabal/SP, Brazil.
| | - Letícia Abrahão Anai
- Department of Veterinary Clinic and Surgery, School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane s/n, CEP 14884-900 Jaboticabal/SP, Brazil.
| | - Paulo Henrique Leal Bertolo
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane s/n, CEP 14884-900 Jaboticabal/SP, Brazil.
| | - Rosemeri de Oliveira Vasconcelos
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane s/n, CEP 14884-900 Jaboticabal/SP, Brazil.
| | - Áureo Evangelista Santana
- Department of Veterinary Clinic and Surgery, School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane s/n, CEP 14884-900 Jaboticabal/SP, Brazil.
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