51
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COVID-19 is a systemic vascular hemopathy: insight for mechanistic and clinical aspects. Angiogenesis 2021; 24:755-788. [PMID: 34184164 PMCID: PMC8238037 DOI: 10.1007/s10456-021-09805-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is presenting as a systemic disease associated with vascular inflammation and endothelial injury. Severe forms of SARS-CoV-2 infection induce acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and there is still an ongoing debate on whether COVID-19 ARDS and its perfusion defect differs from ARDS induced by other causes. Beside pro-inflammatory cytokines (such as interleukin-1 β [IL-1β] or IL-6), several main pathological phenomena have been seen because of endothelial cell (EC) dysfunction: hypercoagulation reflected by fibrin degradation products called D-dimers, micro- and macrothrombosis and pathological angiogenesis. Direct endothelial infection by SARS-CoV-2 is not likely to occur and ACE-2 expression by EC is a matter of debate. Indeed, endothelial damage reported in severely ill patients with COVID-19 could be more likely secondary to infection of neighboring cells and/or a consequence of inflammation. Endotheliopathy could give rise to hypercoagulation by alteration in the levels of different factors such as von Willebrand factor. Other than thrombotic events, pathological angiogenesis is among the recent findings. Overexpression of different proangiogenic factors such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF-2) or placental growth factors (PlGF) have been found in plasma or lung biopsies of COVID-19 patients. Finally, SARS-CoV-2 infection induces an emergency myelopoiesis associated to deregulated immunity and mobilization of endothelial progenitor cells, leading to features of acquired hematological malignancies or cardiovascular disease, which are discussed in this review. Altogether, this review will try to elucidate the pathophysiology of thrombotic complications, pathological angiogenesis and EC dysfunction, allowing better insight in new targets and antithrombotic protocols to better address vascular system dysfunction. Since treating SARS-CoV-2 infection and its potential long-term effects involves targeting the vascular compartment and/or mobilization of immature immune cells, we propose to define COVID-19 and its complications as a systemic vascular acquired hemopathy.
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52
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Caiado F, Pietras EM, Manz MG. Inflammation as a regulator of hematopoietic stem cell function in disease, aging, and clonal selection. J Exp Med 2021; 218:212381. [PMID: 34129016 PMCID: PMC8210622 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20201541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is an evolutionarily selected defense response to infection or tissue damage that involves activation and consumption of immune cells in order to reestablish and maintain organismal integrity. In this process, hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are themselves exposed to inflammatory cues and via proliferation and differentiation, replace mature immune cells in a demand-adapted fashion. Here, we review how major sources of systemic inflammation act on and subsequently shape HSC fate and function. We highlight how lifelong inflammatory exposure contributes to HSC inflamm-aging and selection of premalignant HSC clones. Finally, we explore emerging areas of interest and open questions remaining in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Caiado
- Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, University Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.,University of Zürich, Comprehensive Cancer Center Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Eric M Pietras
- Division of Hematology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Markus G Manz
- Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, University Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.,University of Zürich, Comprehensive Cancer Center Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
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53
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Cancer immunoediting and immune dysregulation in multiple myeloma. Blood 2021; 136:2731-2740. [PMID: 32645135 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2020006540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Avoiding immune destruction is a hallmark of cancer. Over the past few years, significant advances have been made in understanding immune dysfunction and immunosuppression in multiple myeloma (MM), and various immunotherapeutic approaches have delivered improved clinical responses. However, it is still challenging to completely eliminate malignant plasma cells (PCs) and achieve complete cure. The interplay between the immune system and malignant PCs is implicated throughout all stages of PC dyscrasias, including asymptomatic states called monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance and smoldering myeloma. Although the immune system effectively eliminates malignant PCs, or at least induces functional dormancy at early stages, malignant PCs eventually evade immune elimination, leading to progression to active MM, in which dysfunctional effector lymphocytes, tumor-educated immunosuppressive cells, and soluble mediators coordinately act as a barrier for antimyeloma immunity. An in-depth understanding of this dynamic process, called cancer immunoediting, will provide important insights into the immunopathology of PC dyscrasias and MM immunotherapy. Moreover, a growing body of evidence suggests that, together with nonhematopoietic stromal cells, bone marrow (BM) immune cells with unique functions support the survival of normal and malignant PCs in the BM niche, highlighting the diverse roles of immune cells beyond antimyeloma immunity. Together, the immune system critically acts as a rheostat that fine-tunes the balance between dormancy and disease progression in PC dyscrasias.
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54
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Stauber J, Greally JM, Steidl U. Preleukemic and leukemic evolution at the stem cell level. Blood 2021; 137:1013-1018. [PMID: 33275656 PMCID: PMC7907728 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2019004397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hematological malignancies are an aggregate of diverse populations of cells that arise following a complex process of clonal evolution and selection. Recent approaches have facilitated the study of clonal populations and their evolution over time across multiple phenotypic cell populations. In this review, we present current concepts on the role of clonal evolution in leukemic initiation, disease progression, and relapse. We highlight recent advances and unanswered questions about the contribution of the hematopoietic stem cell population to these processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Stauber
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine-Montefiore Health System, The Bronx, NY
| | - John M Greally
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine-Montefiore Health System, The Bronx, NY
| | - Ulrich Steidl
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine-Montefiore Health System, The Bronx, NY
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55
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Höpner SS, Raykova A, Radpour R, Amrein MA, Koller D, Baerlocher GM, Riether C, Ochsenbein AF. LIGHT/LTβR signaling regulates self-renewal and differentiation of hematopoietic and leukemia stem cells. Nat Commun 2021; 12:1065. [PMID: 33594067 PMCID: PMC7887212 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-21317-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The production of blood cells during steady-state and increased demand depends on the regulation of hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) self-renewal and differentiation. Similarly, the balance between self-renewal and differentiation of leukemia stem cells (LSCs) is crucial in the pathogenesis of leukemia. Here, we document that the TNF receptor superfamily member lymphotoxin-β receptor (LTβR) and its ligand LIGHT regulate quiescence and self-renewal of murine and human HSCs and LSCs. Cell-autonomous LIGHT/LTβR signaling on HSCs reduces cell cycling, promotes symmetric cell division and prevents primitive HSCs from exhaustion in serial re-transplantation experiments and genotoxic stress. LTβR deficiency reduces the numbers of LSCs and prolongs survival in a murine chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) model. Similarly, LIGHT/LTβR signaling in human G-CSF mobilized HSCs and human LSCs results in increased colony forming capacity in vitro. Thus, our results define LIGHT/LTβR signaling as an important pathway in the regulation of the self-renewal of HSCs and LSCs.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antigens, CD34/metabolism
- Cell Cycle/drug effects
- Cell Cycle/genetics
- Cell Differentiation/drug effects
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Cell Self Renewal/drug effects
- Cell Self Renewal/genetics
- DNA Damage
- Fluorouracil/pharmacology
- Gene Expression Regulation, Leukemic/drug effects
- Hematopoietic Stem Cells/drug effects
- Hematopoietic Stem Cells/metabolism
- Humans
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/genetics
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/pathology
- Lymphotoxin beta Receptor/metabolism
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Neoplastic Stem Cells/drug effects
- Neoplastic Stem Cells/metabolism
- Neoplastic Stem Cells/pathology
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- Tumor Necrosis Factor Ligand Superfamily Member 14/metabolism
- Mice
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Affiliation(s)
- S S Höpner
- Department of Medical Oncology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department for BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Ana Raykova
- Department of Medical Oncology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department for BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - R Radpour
- Department of Medical Oncology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department for BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - M A Amrein
- Department of Medical Oncology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department for BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - D Koller
- Department of Medical Oncology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department for BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - G M Baerlocher
- Department of Hematology and Central Hematology Laboratory, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - C Riether
- Department of Medical Oncology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department for BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - A F Ochsenbein
- Department of Medical Oncology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
- Department for BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
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56
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Janus Kinases in Leukemia. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13040800. [PMID: 33672930 PMCID: PMC7918039 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13040800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Janus kinases (JAKs) transduce signals from dozens of extracellular cytokines and function as critical regulators of cell growth, differentiation, gene expression, and immune responses. Deregulation of JAK/STAT signaling is a central component in several human diseases including various types of leukemia and other malignancies and autoimmune diseases. Different types of leukemia harbor genomic aberrations in all four JAKs (JAK1, JAK2, JAK3, and TYK2), most of which are activating somatic mutations and less frequently translocations resulting in constitutively active JAK fusion proteins. JAKs have become important therapeutic targets and currently, six JAK inhibitors have been approved by the FDA for the treatment of both autoimmune diseases and hematological malignancies. However, the efficacy of the current drugs is not optimal and the full potential of JAK modulators in leukemia is yet to be harnessed. This review discusses the deregulation of JAK-STAT signaling that underlie the pathogenesis of leukemia, i.e., mutations and other mechanisms causing hyperactive cytokine signaling, as well as JAK inhibitors used in clinic and under clinical development.
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57
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Pedersen RK, Andersen M, Stiehl T, Ottesen JT. Mathematical modelling of the hematopoietic stem cell-niche system: Clonal dominance based on stem cell fitness. J Theor Biol 2021; 518:110620. [PMID: 33587928 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2021.110620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Human blood cell production is maintained by hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) which give rise to all types of mature blood cells. Experimental observation of HSC in their physiologic bone-marrow microenvironment, the so-called stem cell niche, is challenging. Therefore, the details of HSC dynamics and the cellular interactions in the stem cell niche remain elusive. Mutations that lead to a competitive advantage are the cause of clinical challenges when treating HSC-derived malignancies such as acute myeloid leukemia or the myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs). To investigate the significance of the interaction between the HSC and the stem cell niche in these malignancies, we propose and analyse a mechanism-based mathematical model of HSC dynamics within the bone-marrow microenvironment. The model is based on the central hypothesis that HSC self-renewal depends on the niche. In the model, the interaction of HSC with specific niches located in the bone marrow are key to the indefinite HSC renewal necessary for long-term maintenance of blood cell production. We formulate a general model of n distinct clones that differ with respect to cell properties. We identify an attractive trapping region and compute and classify all steady states. A concept of HSC fitness naturally arises from the model analysis. HSC fitness is found to determine the asymptotic behaviour of the model, as the HSC clone with the highest fitness is related to the unique locally stable steady state. Based on biological assumptions about HSC, we propose two reduced models of different complexity. A thorough mathematical analysis reveals that both reduced models have the same asymptotic behaviour as the full model. We compare the simpler of the two models, a logistic equation of the disease burden, to clinical data of MPN-patients. The reduced model is found to agree well with data and suggests a simple interpretation and possible prediction of patient prognosis. The proposed mathematical model and the reduced forms have the potential to provide insights into the regulation of HSC dynamics and blood cell formation, and ultimately for future advances in treatment of hematologic malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Morten Andersen
- IMFUFA, Department of Science and Environment, Roskilde University, Denmark
| | - Thomas Stiehl
- IWR (Interdisciplinary Center for Scientific Computing), Heidelberg University, Germany
| | - Johnny T Ottesen
- IMFUFA, Department of Science and Environment, Roskilde University, Denmark.
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58
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Russkamp NF, Myburgh R, Kiefer JD, Neri D, Manz MG. Anti-CD117 immunotherapy to eliminate hematopoietic and leukemia stem cells. Exp Hematol 2021; 95:31-45. [PMID: 33484750 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2021.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Precise replacement of diseased or dysfunctional organs is the goal of regenerative medicine and has appeared to be a distant goal for a long time. In the field of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, this goal is now becoming tangible as gene-editing technologies and novel conditioning agents are entering the clinical arena. Targeted immunologic depletion of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), which are at the very root of the hematopoietic system, will enable more selective and potentially more effective hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in patients with hematological diseases. In contrast to current conditioning regimes based on ionizing radiation and chemotherapy, immunologic conditioning will spare mature hematopoietic cells and cause substantially less inflammation and unspecific collateral damage to other organs. Biological agents that target the stem cell antigen CD117 are the frontrunners for this purpose and have exhibited preclinical activity in depletion of healthy HSCs. The value of anti-CD117 antibodies as conditioning agents is currently being evaluated in early clinical trials. Whereas mild, antibody-based immunologic conditioning concepts might be appropriate for benign hematological disorders in which incomplete replacement of diseased cells is sufficient, higher efficacy will be required for treatment and elimination of hematologic stem cell malignancies such as acute myeloid leukemia and myelodysplastic syndrome. Antibody-drug conjugates, bispecific T-cell engaging and activating antibodies (TEAs), or chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells might offer increased efficacy compared with naked antibodies and yet higher tolerability and safety compared with current genotoxic conditioning approaches. Here, we summarize the current state regarding immunologic conditioning concepts for the treatment of HSC disorders and outline potential future developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norman F Russkamp
- Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, University Hospital Zurich and University of Zurich, Comprehensive Cancer Center Zurich (CCCZ), Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Renier Myburgh
- Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, University Hospital Zurich and University of Zurich, Comprehensive Cancer Center Zurich (CCCZ), Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jonathan D Kiefer
- Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, University Hospital Zurich and University of Zurich, Comprehensive Cancer Center Zurich (CCCZ), Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH Zürich), Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Dario Neri
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH Zürich), Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Markus G Manz
- Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, University Hospital Zurich and University of Zurich, Comprehensive Cancer Center Zurich (CCCZ), Zurich, Switzerland.
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59
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The hematopoietic compartment is tasked with the establishment and maintenance of the entire blood program in steady-state and in response to stress. Key to this process are hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), which possess the unique ability to self-renew and differentiate to replenish blood cells throughout an organism's lifetime. Though tightly regulated, the hematopoietic system is vulnerable to both intrinsic and extrinsic factors that influence hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell (HSPC) fate. Here, we review recent advances in our understanding of hematopoietic regulation under stress conditions such as inflammation, aging, mitochondrial defects, and damage to DNA or endoplasmic reticulum. RECENT FINDINGS Recent studies have illustrated the vast mechanisms involved in regulating stress-induced hematopoiesis, including cytokine-mediated lineage bias, gene signature changes in aged HSCs associated with chronic inflammation, the impact of clonal hematopoiesis and stress tolerance, characterization of the HSPC response to endoplasmic reticulum stress and of several epigenetic regulators that influence HSPC response to cell cycle stress. SUMMARY Several key recent findings have deepened our understanding of stress hematopoiesis. These studies will advance our abilities to reduce the impact of stress in disease and aging through clinical interventions to treat stress-related outcomes.
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60
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Sakamaki T, Kao KS, Nishi K, Chen JY, Sadaoka K, Fujii M, Takaori-Kondo A, Weissman IL, Miyanishi M. Hoxb5 defines the heterogeneity of self-renewal capacity in the hematopoietic stem cell compartment. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2021; 539:34-41. [PMID: 33418191 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.12.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Revised: 12/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Self-renewal and multipotency are essential functions of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). To maintain homeostatic hematopoiesis, functionally uniform HSCs have been thought to be an ideal cell-of-origin. Recent technological advances in the field have allowed us to analyze HSCs with single cell resolution and implicate that functional heterogeneity may exist even within the highly purified HSC compartment. However, due in part to the technical limitations of analyzing extremely rare populations and our incomplete understanding of HSC biology, neither the biological meaning of why heterogeneity exists nor the precise mechanism of how heterogeneity is determined within the HSC compartment is entirely known. Here we show the first evidence that self-renewal capacity varies with the degree of replication stress dose and results in heterogeneity within the HSC compartment. Using the Hoxb5-reporter mouse line which enables us to distinguish between long-term (LT)-HSCs and short-term (ST)-HSCs, we have found that ST-HSCs quickly lose self-renewal capacity under high stress environments but can maintain self-renewal under low stress environments for long periods of time. Critically, exogeneous Hoxb5 expression confers protection against loss of self-renewal to Hoxb5-negative HSCs and can partially alter the cell fate of ST-HSCs to that of LT-HSCs. Our results demonstrate that Hoxb5 imparts functional heterogeneity in the HSC compartment by regulating self-renewal capacity. Additionally, Hoxb5-positive HSCs may exist as fail-safe system to protect from the exhaustion of HSCs throughout an organism's lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taro Sakamaki
- RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research (BDR), Kobe, Hyogo, 650-0047, Japan; Department of Hematology and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Kyoto, 606-8397, Japan
| | - Kevin S Kao
- Weill Cornell, Rockefeller, Sloan Kettering Tri-Institutional MD-PhD Program, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Katsuyuki Nishi
- RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research (BDR), Kobe, Hyogo, 650-0047, Japan; Department of Hematology and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Kyoto, 606-8397, Japan
| | - James Y Chen
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Kay Sadaoka
- RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research (BDR), Kobe, Hyogo, 650-0047, Japan
| | - Momo Fujii
- RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research (BDR), Kobe, Hyogo, 650-0047, Japan
| | - Akifumi Takaori-Kondo
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Kyoto, 606-8397, Japan
| | - Irving L Weissman
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine and Ludwig Center for Cancer Stem Cell Biology and Medicine, USA; Department of Pathology and Developmental Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Masanori Miyanishi
- RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research (BDR), Kobe, Hyogo, 650-0047, Japan.
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61
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Shaker A. Is Avoiding Stem Cell Exhaustion the New Therapeutic Approach in Colitis? Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2020; 11:1204-1206. [PMID: 33373602 PMCID: PMC8053613 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2020.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Anisa Shaker
- Correspondence Address correspondence to: Anisa Shaker, MD, Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, 2011 Zonal Avenue, HMR 810, Los Angeles, California 90089.
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62
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Adaptive responses to mTOR gene targeting in hematopoietic stem cells reveal a proliferative mechanism evasive to mTOR inhibition. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 118:2020102118. [PMID: 33443202 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2020102118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a central regulator of cell growth and an attractive anticancer target that integrates diverse signals to control cell proliferation. Previous studies using mTOR inhibitors have shown that mTOR targeting suppresses gene expression and cell proliferation. To date, however, mTOR-targeted therapies in cancer have seen limited efficacy, and one key issue is related to the development of evasive resistance. In this manuscript, through the use of a gene targeting mouse model, we have found that inducible deletion of mTOR in hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) results in a loss of quiescence and increased proliferation. Adaptive to the mTOR loss, mTOR -/- HSCs increase chromatin accessibility and activate global gene expression, contrary to the effects of short-term inhibition by mTOR inhibitors. Mechanistically, such genomic changes are due to a rewiring and adaptive activation of the ERK/MNK/eIF4E signaling pathway that enhances the protein translation of RNA polymerase II, which in turn leads to increased c-Myc gene expression, allowing the HSCs to thrive despite the loss of a functional mTOR pathway. This adaptive mechanism can also be utilized by leukemia cells undergoing long-term mTOR inhibitor treatment to confer resistance to mTOR drug targeting. The resistance can be counteracted by MNK, CDK9, or c-Myc inhibition. These results provide insights into the physiological role of mTOR in mammalian stem cell regulation and implicate a mechanism of evasive resistance in the context of mTOR targeting.
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63
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Arai F, Stumpf PS, Ikushima YM, Hosokawa K, Roch A, Lutolf MP, Suda T, MacArthur BD. Machine Learning of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Divisions from Paired Daughter Cell Expression Profiles Reveals Effects of Aging on Self-Renewal. Cell Syst 2020; 11:640-652.e5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cels.2020.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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64
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FAM122A is required for hematopoietic stem cell function. Leukemia 2020; 35:2130-2134. [PMID: 33262527 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-020-01099-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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65
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Involvement of GPx-3 in the Reciprocal Control of Redox Metabolism in the Leukemic Niche. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21228584. [PMID: 33202543 PMCID: PMC7696155 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21228584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The bone marrow (BM) microenvironment plays a crucial role in the development and progression of leukemia (AML). Intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) are involved in the regulation of the biology of leukemia-initiating cells, where the antioxidant enzyme GPx-3 could be involved as a determinant of cellular self-renewal. Little is known however about the role of the microenvironment in the control of the oxidative metabolism of AML cells. In the present study, a coculture model of BM mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) and AML cells (KG1a cell-line and primary BM blasts) was used to explore this metabolic pathway. MSC-contact, rather than culture with MSC-conditioned medium, decreases ROS levels and inhibits the Nrf-2 pathway through overexpression of GPx3 in AML cells. The decrease of ROS levels also inactivates p38MAPK and reduces the proliferation of AML cells. Conversely, contact with AML cells modifies MSCs in that they display an increased oxidative stress and Nrf-2 activation, together with a concomitant lowered expression of GPx-3. Altogether, these experiments suggest that a reciprocal control of oxidative metabolism is initiated by direct cell–cell contact between MSCs and AML cells. GPx-3 expression appears to play a crucial role in this cross-talk and could be involved in the regulation of leukemogenesis.
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66
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Yap KN, Yamada K, Zikeli S, Kiaris H, Hood WR. Evaluating endoplasmic reticulum stress and unfolded protein response through the lens of ecology and evolution. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2020; 96:541-556. [PMID: 33164297 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Considerable progress has been made in understanding the physiological basis for variation in the life-history patterns of animals, particularly with regard to the roles of oxidative stress and hormonal regulation. However, an underappreciated and understudied area that could play a role in mediating inter- and intraspecific variation of life history is endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and the resulting unfolded protein response (UPRER ). ER stress response and the UPRER maintain proteostasis in cells by reducing the intracellular load of secretory proteins and enhancing protein folding capacity or initiating apoptosis in cells that cannot recover. Proper modulation of the ER stress response and execution of the UPRER allow animals to respond to intracellular and extracellular stressors and adapt to constantly changing environments. ER stress responses are heritable and there is considerable individual variation in UPRER phenotype in animals, suggesting that ER stress and UPRER phenotype can be subjected to natural selection. The variation in UPRER phenotype presumably reflects the way animals respond to ER stress and environmental challenges. Most of what we know about ER stress and the UPRER in animals has either come from biomedical studies using cell culture or from experiments involving conventional laboratory or agriculturally important models that exhibit limited genetic diversity. Furthermore, these studies involve the assessment of experimentally induced qualitative changes in gene expression as opposed to the quantitative variations that occur in naturally existing populations. Almost all of these studies were conducted in controlled settings that are often quite different from the conditions animals experience in nature. Herein, we review studies that investigated ER stress and the UPRER in relation to key life-history traits including growth and development, reproduction, bioenergetics and physical performance, and ageing and senescence. We then ask if these studies can inform us about the role of ER stress and the UPRER in mediating the aforementioned life-history traits in free-living animals. We propose that there is a need to conduct experiments pertaining to ER stress and the UPRER in ecologically relevant settings, to characterize variation in ER stress and the UPRER in free-living animals, and to relate the observed variation to key life-history traits. We urge others to integrate multiple physiological systems and investigate how interactions between ER stress and oxidative stress shape life-history trade-offs in free-living animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Nian Yap
- Department of Biological Sciences, Auburn University, 101 Rouse Life Science Building, Auburn, AL, 36849, U.S.A
| | - KayLene Yamada
- Department of Biological Sciences, Auburn University, 101 Rouse Life Science Building, Auburn, AL, 36849, U.S.A
| | - Shelby Zikeli
- Department of Biological Sciences, Auburn University, 101 Rouse Life Science Building, Auburn, AL, 36849, U.S.A
| | - Hippokratis Kiaris
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, and Peromyscus Genetic Stock Center, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208, U.S.A
| | - Wendy R Hood
- Department of Biological Sciences, Auburn University, 101 Rouse Life Science Building, Auburn, AL, 36849, U.S.A
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67
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Oppezzo A, Bourseguin J, Renaud E, Pawlikowska P, Rosselli F. Microphthalmia transcription factor expression contributes to bone marrow failure in Fanconi anemia. J Clin Invest 2020; 130:1377-1391. [PMID: 31877112 DOI: 10.1172/jci131540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) attrition is considered the key event underlying progressive BM failure (BMF) in Fanconi anemia (FA), the most frequent inherited BMF disorder in humans. However, despite major advances, how the cellular, biochemical, and molecular alterations reported in FA lead to HSC exhaustion remains poorly understood. Here, we demonstrated in human and mouse cells that loss-of-function of FANCA or FANCC, products of 2 genes affecting more than 80% of FA patients worldwide, is associated with constitutive expression of the transcription factor microphthalmia (MiTF) through the cooperative, unscheduled activation of several stress-signaling pathways, including the SMAD2/3, p38 MAPK, NF-κB, and AKT cascades. We validated the unrestrained Mitf expression downstream of p38 in Fanca-/- mice, which display hallmarks of hematopoietic stress, including loss of HSC quiescence, DNA damage accumulation in HSCs, and reduced HSC repopulation capacity. Importantly, we demonstrated that shRNA-mediated downregulation of Mitf expression or inhibition of p38 signaling rescued HSC quiescence and prevented DNA damage accumulation. Our data support the hypothesis that HSC attrition in FA is the consequence of defects in the DNA-damage response combined with chronic activation of otherwise transiently activated signaling pathways, which jointly prevent the recovery of HSC quiescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Oppezzo
- CNRS UMR8200 Equipe Labellisée "La Ligue Contre le Cancer,".,Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.,Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - Julie Bourseguin
- CNRS UMR8200 Equipe Labellisée "La Ligue Contre le Cancer,".,Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.,Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - Emilie Renaud
- CNRS UMR8200 Equipe Labellisée "La Ligue Contre le Cancer,".,Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Patrycja Pawlikowska
- CNRS UMR8200 Equipe Labellisée "La Ligue Contre le Cancer,".,Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.,Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - Filippo Rosselli
- CNRS UMR8200 Equipe Labellisée "La Ligue Contre le Cancer,".,Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.,Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
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68
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Sharma S, Bhonde R. Genetic and epigenetic stability of stem cells: Epigenetic modifiers modulate the fate of mesenchymal stem cells. Genomics 2020; 112:3615-3623. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2020.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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69
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Kobayashi H, Morikawa T, Okinaga A, Hamano F, Hashidate-Yoshida T, Watanuki S, Hishikawa D, Shindou H, Arai F, Kabe Y, Suematsu M, Shimizu T, Takubo K. Environmental Optimization Enables Maintenance of Quiescent Hematopoietic Stem Cells Ex Vivo. Cell Rep 2020; 28:145-158.e9. [PMID: 31269436 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Revised: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) maintain lifelong hematopoiesis by remaining quiescent in the bone marrow niche. Recapitulation of a quiescent state in culture has not been achieved, as cells rapidly proliferate and differentiate in vitro. After exhaustive analysis of different environmental factor combinations and concentrations as a way to mimic physiological conditions, we were able to maintain engraftable quiescent HSCs for 1 month in culture under very low cytokine concentrations, hypoxia, and very high fatty acid levels. Exogenous fatty acids were required likely due to suppression of intrinsic fatty acid synthesis by hypoxia and low cytokine conditions. By contrast, high cytokine concentrations or normoxia induced HSC proliferation and differentiation. Our culture system provides a means to evaluate properties of steady-state HSCs and test effects of defined factors in vitro under near-physiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Kobayashi
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, 1-21-1, Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8655, Japan
| | - Takayuki Morikawa
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, 1-21-1, Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8655, Japan
| | - Ayumi Okinaga
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, 1-21-1, Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8655, Japan
| | - Fumie Hamano
- Department of Lipid Signaling, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, 1-21-1, Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8655, Japan
| | - Tomomi Hashidate-Yoshida
- Department of Lipid Signaling, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, 1-21-1, Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8655, Japan
| | - Shintaro Watanuki
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, 1-21-1, Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8655, Japan; Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Daisuke Hishikawa
- Department of Lipid Signaling, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, 1-21-1, Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8655, Japan
| | - Hideo Shindou
- Department of Lipid Signaling, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, 1-21-1, Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8655, Japan; Department of Lipid Science, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Fumio Arai
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Yasuaki Kabe
- Department of Biochemistry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Makoto Suematsu
- Department of Biochemistry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Takao Shimizu
- Department of Lipid Signaling, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, 1-21-1, Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8655, Japan; Department of Lipidomics, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Keiyo Takubo
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, 1-21-1, Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8655, Japan.
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70
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He Y, Ren J, Xu X, Ni K, Schwader A, Finney R, Wang C, Sun L, Klarmann K, Keller J, Tubbs A, Nussenzweig A, Muegge K. Lsh/HELLS is required for B lymphocyte development and immunoglobulin class switch recombination. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:20100-20108. [PMID: 32727902 PMCID: PMC7443918 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2004112117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutation of HELLS (Helicase, Lymphoid-Specific)/Lsh in human DNA causes a severe immunodeficiency syndrome, but the nature of the defect remains unknown. We assessed here the role of Lsh in hematopoiesis using conditional Lsh knockout mice with expression of Mx1 or Vav Cre-recombinase. Bone marrow transplantation studies revealed that Lsh depletion in hematopoietic stem cells severely reduced B cell numbers and impaired B cell development in a hematopoietic cell-autonomous manner. Lsh-deficient mice without bone marrow transplantation exhibited lower Ig levels in vivo compared to controls despite normal peripheral B cell numbers. Purified B lymphocytes proliferated normally but produced less immunoglobulins in response to in vitro stimulation, indicating a reduced capacity to undergo class switch recombination (CSR). Analysis of germline transcripts, examination of double-stranded breaks using biotin-labeling DNA break assay, and End-seq analysis indicated that the initiation of the recombination process was unscathed. In contrast, digestion-circularization PCR analysis and high-throughput sequencing analyses of CSR junctions and a chromosomal break repair assay indicated an impaired ability of the canonical end-joining pathway in Lsh-deficient B cells. Our data suggest a hematopoietic cell-intrinsic role of Lsh in B cell development and in CSR providing a potential target for immunodeficiency therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yafeng He
- Epigenetics Section, Mouse Cancer Genetics Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702
| | - Jianke Ren
- Epigenetics Section, Mouse Cancer Genetics Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702
| | - Xiaoping Xu
- Epigenetics Section, Mouse Cancer Genetics Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702
| | - Kai Ni
- Epigenetics Section, Mouse Cancer Genetics Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702
| | - Andrew Schwader
- Epigenetics Section, Mouse Cancer Genetics Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702
| | - Richard Finney
- CCR Collaborative Bioinformatics Resource, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Can Wang
- Epigenetics Section, Mouse Cancer Genetics Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702
| | - Lei Sun
- Hematopoiesis and Stem Cell Biology Section, Mouse Cancer Genetics Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702
| | - Kimberly Klarmann
- Hematopoiesis and Stem Cell Biology Section, Mouse Cancer Genetics Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702
- Basic Science Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Basic Science Program, Frederick National Laboratory, Frederick, MD 21702
| | - Jonathan Keller
- Hematopoiesis and Stem Cell Biology Section, Mouse Cancer Genetics Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702
- Basic Science Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Basic Science Program, Frederick National Laboratory, Frederick, MD 21702
| | - Anthony Tubbs
- Laboratory of Genome Integrity, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Andre Nussenzweig
- Laboratory of Genome Integrity, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Kathrin Muegge
- Epigenetics Section, Mouse Cancer Genetics Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702;
- Hematopoiesis and Stem Cell Biology Section, Mouse Cancer Genetics Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702
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71
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Pei W, Shang F, Wang X, Fanti AK, Greco A, Busch K, Klapproth K, Zhang Q, Quedenau C, Sauer S, Feyerabend TB, Höfer T, Rodewald HR. Resolving Fates and Single-Cell Transcriptomes of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Clones by PolyloxExpress Barcoding. Cell Stem Cell 2020; 27:383-395.e8. [PMID: 32783885 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2020.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Lineage tracing reveals hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) fates, while single-cell RNA sequencing identifies snapshots of HSC transcriptomes. To obtain information on fate plus transcriptome in the same cell, we developed the PolyloxExpress allele, enabling Cre-recombinase-dependent RNA barcoding in situ. Linking fates to single HSC transcriptomes provided the information required to identify transcriptional signatures of HSC fates, which were not apparent in single-HSC transcriptomes alone. We find that differentiation-inactive, multilineage, and lineage-restricted HSC clones reside in distinct regions of the transcriptional landscape of hematopoiesis. Differentiation-inactive HSC clones are closer to the origin of the transcriptional trajectory, yet they are not characterized by a quiescent gene signature. Fate-specific gene signatures imply coherence of clonal HSC fates, and HSC output toward short-lived lineage progenitors indicates stability of HSC fates over time. These combined analyses of fate and transcriptome under physiological conditions may pave the way toward identifying molecular determinants of HSC fates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weike Pei
- Division of Cellular Immunology, German Cancer Research Center, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Fuwei Shang
- Division of Cellular Immunology, German Cancer Research Center, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Faculty of Medicine, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 672, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Xi Wang
- Division of Cellular Immunology, German Cancer Research Center, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Division of Theoretical Systems Biology, German Cancer Research Center, Im Neuenheimer Feld 580, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ann-Kathrin Fanti
- Division of Cellular Immunology, German Cancer Research Center, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Alessandro Greco
- Division of Theoretical Systems Biology, German Cancer Research Center, Im Neuenheimer Feld 580, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Faculty of Biosciences, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 234, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Katrin Busch
- Division of Cellular Immunology, German Cancer Research Center, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Kay Klapproth
- Division of Cellular Immunology, German Cancer Research Center, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Qin Zhang
- Division of Theoretical Systems Biology, German Cancer Research Center, Im Neuenheimer Feld 580, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Claudia Quedenau
- Max Delbrück Centrum, Scientific Genomics Platforms (BIMSB/BIH), Hannoversche Straße 28, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Sascha Sauer
- Max Delbrück Centrum, Scientific Genomics Platforms (BIMSB/BIH), Hannoversche Straße 28, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Thorsten B Feyerabend
- Division of Cellular Immunology, German Cancer Research Center, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Höfer
- Division of Theoretical Systems Biology, German Cancer Research Center, Im Neuenheimer Feld 580, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Hans-Reimer Rodewald
- Division of Cellular Immunology, German Cancer Research Center, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
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72
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Skov V. Next Generation Sequencing in MPNs. Lessons from the Past and Prospects for Use as Predictors of Prognosis and Treatment Responses. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E2194. [PMID: 32781570 PMCID: PMC7464861 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12082194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) are acquired hematological stem cell neoplasms characterized by driver mutations in JAK2, CALR, or MPL. Additive mutations may appear in predominantly epigenetic regulator, RNA splicing and signaling pathway genes. These molecular mutations are a hallmark of diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic assessment in patients with MPNs. Over the past decade, next generation sequencing (NGS) has identified multiple somatic mutations in MPNs and has contributed substantially to our understanding of the disease pathogenesis highlighting the role of clonal evolution in disease progression. In addition, disease prognostication has expanded from encompassing only clinical decision making to include genomics in prognostic scoring systems. Taking into account the decreasing costs and increasing speed and availability of high throughput technologies, the integration of NGS into a diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic pipeline is within reach. In this review, these aspects will be discussed highlighting their role regarding disease outcome and treatment modalities in patients with MPNs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vibe Skov
- Department of Hematology, Zealand University Hospital, Vestermarksvej 7-9, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark
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73
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Ikonomi N, Kühlwein SD, Schwab JD, Kestler HA. Awakening the HSC: Dynamic Modeling of HSC Maintenance Unravels Regulation of the TP53 Pathway and Quiescence. Front Physiol 2020; 11:848. [PMID: 32848827 PMCID: PMC7411231 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) provide all types of blood cells during the entire life of the organism. HSCs are mainly quiescent and can eventually enter the cell cycle to differentiate. HSCs are maintained and tightly regulated in a particular environment. The stem cell niche regulates dormancy and awakening. Deregulations of this interplay can lead to hematopoietic failure and diseases. In this paper, we present a Boolean network model that recapitulates HSC regulation in virtue of external signals coming from the niche. This Boolean network integrates and summarizes the current knowledge of HSC regulation and is based on extensive literature research. Furthermore, dynamic simulations suggest a novel systemic regulation of TP53 in homeostasis. Thereby, our model indicates that TP53 activity is balanced depending on external stimulations, engaging a regulatory mechanism involving ROS regulators and RAS activated transcription factors. Finally, we investigated different mouse models and compared them to in silico knockout simulations. Here, the model could recapitulate in vivo observed behaviors and thus sustains our results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nensi Ikonomi
- Institute of Medical Systems Biology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Silke D Kühlwein
- Institute of Medical Systems Biology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Julian D Schwab
- Institute of Medical Systems Biology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Hans A Kestler
- Institute of Medical Systems Biology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
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74
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Wang Y, Han Y, Xu S, Zhang L, Zhang X, Deng J, Ye W, Liu S. Targeting EGFR Enriches Stem Cell-Like Properties in Salivary Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma by Activating the Notch1 Pathway. Cancer Manag Res 2020; 12:6655-6663. [PMID: 32801899 PMCID: PMC7411275 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s253500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma (SACC), a rare cancer arising in the salivary glands, is characterized by high rates of relapse and distant metastasis. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) has been implicated in SACC carcinogenesis. However, prospective trials of EGFR-targeting therapies in SACC are limited, and the optimum regimen is unclear. Methods The effects of erlotinib on cell proliferation, colony formation, ALDH enzymatic activity and tumorsphere formation were investigated in SACC cells. Expression of the cancer stem cell markers Bmi-1 and Oct4 was evaluated using Western blotting. Results We found that while it robustly inhibited cell growth, targeting EGFR with erlotinib enriched the ALDH+ cell population and elevated the clonogenicity of SACC cells, suggesting an increase in stem cell-like potential. In addition, we found that suppression of EGFR kinase activity with erlotinib led to the activation of Notch1 signaling, leading to an increase in stem cell-like properties. Moreover, the γ-secretase inhibitor GSI treatment eliminated the erlotinib-induced increase in stem cell-like properties by decreasing Notch activity. Conclusion Our results provide an explanation for the worsened survival observed in some studies of erlotinib therapy in SACC and provide potential therapeutic strategies by combined blockade of the EGFR and Notch1 pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Laboratory of Oral Microbiota and Systemic Diseases, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Han
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Shengming Xu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling Zhang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangkai Zhang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiong Deng
- Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Minister of Education, Department of Pathophysiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Weimin Ye
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuli Liu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Laboratory of Oral Microbiota and Systemic Diseases, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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75
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Ryk modulates the niche activity of mesenchymal stromal cells by fine-tuning canonical Wnt signaling. Exp Mol Med 2020; 52:1140-1151. [PMID: 32724069 PMCID: PMC8080773 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-020-0477-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Revised: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The importance of modulating the intensity of Wnt signaling has been highlighted in various biological models, but their mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, we found that Ryk—an atypical Wnt receptor with a pseudokinase domain—has a Wnt-modulating effect in bone marrow stromal cells to control hematopoiesis-supporting activities. We first found that Ryk is predominantly expressed in the mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) of the bone marrow (BM) compared with hematopoietic cells. Downregulation of Ryk in MSCs decreased their clonogenic activity and ability to support self-renewing expansion of primitive hematopoietic progenitors (HPCs) in response to canonical Wnt ligands. In contrast, under high concentrations of Wnt, Ryk exerted suppressive effects on the transactivation of target genes and HPC-supporting effects in MSCs, thus fine-tuning the signaling intensity of Wnt in BM stromal cells. This ability of Ryk to modulate the HPC-supporting niche activity of MSCs was abrogated by induction of deletion mutants of Ryk lacking the intracellular domain or extracellular domain, indicating that the pseudokinase-containing intracellular domain mediates the Wnt-modulating effects in response to extracellular Wnt ligands. These findings indicate that the ability of the BM microenvironment to respond to extracellular signals and support hematopoiesis may be fine-tuned by Ryk via modulation of Wnt signaling intensity to coordinate hematopoietic activity. Steady production of immune and blood cells depends on a signaling protein that helps maintain stable stem cell populations within the bone marrow. Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), which give rise to blood cells, reside within a supportive “niche” surrounded by mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs), with extensive communication between the two populations. Researchers led by Il-Hoan Oh at The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, have now identified a mechanism that MSCs employ to stabilize the niche environment through fine-tuning the signaling intensity of Wnt. Oh and colleagues focused on a signaling pathway that controls the undifferentiated state of HSCs, and showed that these signals are specifically modulated by an MSC protein known as Ryk. Without Ryk, MSCs can no longer promote HSC proliferation. However, when these signals are excessively strong, Ryk helps suppress proliferation to keep HSC numbers under control.
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76
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Differentiation of transplanted haematopoietic stem cells tracked by single-cell transcriptomic analysis. Nat Cell Biol 2020; 22:630-639. [PMID: 32367048 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-020-0512-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
How transplanted haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) behave soon after they reside in a preconditioned host has not been studied due to technical limitations. Here, using single-cell RNA sequencing, we first obtained the transcriptome-based classifications of 28 haematopoietic cell types. We then applied them in conjunction with functional assays to track the dynamic changes of immunophenotypically purified HSCs in irradiated recipients within the first week after transplantation. Based on our transcriptional classifications, most homed HSCs in bone marrow and spleen became multipotent progenitors and, occasionally, some HSCs gave rise to megakaryocytic-erythroid or myeloid precursors. Parallel in vitro and in vivo functional experiments supported the paradigm of robust differentiation without substantial HSC expansion during the first week. Therefore, this study uncovers the previously inaccessible kinetics and fate choices of transplanted HSCs in myeloablated recipients at early stage, with implications for clinical applications of HSCs and other stem cells.
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77
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Replication of bone-marrow pathophysiology. Nat Biomed Eng 2020; 4:364-365. [DOI: 10.1038/s41551-020-0543-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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78
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Faltusová K, Chen CL, Heizer T, Báječný M, Szikszai K, Páral P, Savvulidi F, Renešová N, Nečas E. Altered Erythro-Myeloid Progenitor Cells Are Highly Expanded in Intensively Regenerating Hematopoiesis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:98. [PMID: 32258026 PMCID: PMC7051989 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Regeneration of severely damaged adult tissues is currently only partially understood. Hematopoietic tissue provides a unique opportunity to study tissue regeneration due to its well established steady-state structure and function, easy accessibility, well established research methods, and the well-defined embryonic, fetal, and adult stages of development. Embryonic/fetal liver hematopoiesis and adult hematopoiesis recovering from damage share the need to expand populations of progenitors and stem cells in parallel with increasing production of mature blood cells. In the present study, we analyzed adult hematopoiesis in mice subjected to a submyeloablative dose (6 Gy) of gamma radiation and targeted the period of regeneration characterized by massive production of mature blood cells along with ongoing expansion of immature hematopoietic cells. We uncovered significantly expanded populations of developmentally advanced erythroid and myeloid progenitors with significantly altered immunophenotype. Their population expansion does not require erythropoietin stimulation but requires the SCF/c-Kit receptor signaling. Regenerating hematopoiesis significantly differs from the expanding hematopoiesis in the fetal liver but we find some similarities between the regenerating hematopoiesis and the early embryonic definitive hematopoiesis. These are in (1) the concomitant population expansion of myeloid progenitors and increasing production of myeloid blood cells (2) performing these tasks despite the severely reduced transplantation capacity of the hematopoietic tissues, and (3) the expression of CD16/32 in most progenitors. Our data thus provide a novel insight into tissue regeneration by suggesting that cells other than stem cells and multipotent progenitors can be of fundamental importance for the rapid recovery of tissue function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kateřina Faltusová
- Institute of Pathological Physiology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Chia-Ling Chen
- Institute of Pathological Physiology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Tomáš Heizer
- Institute of Pathological Physiology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia.,BIOCEV, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Vestec, Czechia
| | - Martin Báječný
- Institute of Pathological Physiology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Katarina Szikszai
- Institute of Pathological Physiology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Petr Páral
- Institute of Pathological Physiology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Filipp Savvulidi
- Institute of Pathological Physiology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Nicol Renešová
- Institute of Pathological Physiology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia.,BIOCEV, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Vestec, Czechia
| | - Emanuel Nečas
- Institute of Pathological Physiology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia.,BIOCEV, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Vestec, Czechia
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79
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Bone marrow CX3CR1+ mononuclear cells relay a systemic microbiota signal to control hematopoietic progenitors in mice. Blood 2020; 134:1312-1322. [PMID: 31387916 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2019000495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The microbiota regulate hematopoiesis in the bone marrow (BM); however, the detailed mechanisms remain largely unknown. In this study, we explored how microbiota-derived molecules (MDMs) were transferred to the BM and sensed by the local immune cells to control hematopoiesis under steady-state conditions. We reveal that MDMs, including bacterial DNA (bDNA), reach the BM via systemic blood circulation and are captured by CX3CR1+ mononuclear cells (MNCs). CX3CR1+ MNCs sense MDMs via endolysosomal Toll-like receptors (TLRs) to produce inflammatory cytokines, which control the basal expansion of hematopoietic progenitors, but not hematopoietic stem cells, and their differentiation potential toward myeloid lineages. CX3CR1+ MNCs colocate with hematopoietic progenitors at the perivascular region, and the depletion of CX3CR1+ MNCs impedes bDNA influx into the BM. Moreover, the abrogation of TLR pathways in CX3CR1+ MNCs abolished the microbiota effect on hematopoiesis. These studies demonstrate that systemic MDMs control BM hematopoiesis by producing CX3CR1+ MNC-mediated cytokines in the steady-state.
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80
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Regulation of Stem Cells by Cullin-RING Ligase. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1217:79-98. [PMID: 31898223 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-15-1025-0_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Stem cells can remain quiescent, self-renewal, and differentiate into many types of cells and even cancer stem cells. The coordination of these complex processes maintains the homeostasis of the organism. Ubiquitination is an important posttranslational modification process that regulates protein stability and activity. The ubiquitination levels of stem cell-associated proteins are closely related with stem cell characteristics. Cullin-RING Ligases (CRLs) are the largest family of E3 ubiquitin ligases, accounting for approximately 20% of proteins degraded by proteasome. In this review, we discuss the role of CRLs in stem cell homeostasis, self-renewal, and differentiation and expound their ubiquitination substrates. In addition, we also discuss the effect of CRLs on the formation of cancer stem cells that may provide promising therapy strategies for cancer.
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81
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Wierenga ATJ, Cunningham A, Erdem A, Lopera NV, Brouwers-Vos AZ, Pruis M, Mulder AB, Günther UL, Martens JHA, Vellenga E, Schuringa JJ. HIF1/2-exerted control over glycolytic gene expression is not functionally relevant for glycolysis in human leukemic stem/progenitor cells. Cancer Metab 2019; 7:11. [PMID: 31890203 PMCID: PMC6935105 DOI: 10.1186/s40170-019-0206-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hypoxia-inducible factors (HIF)1 and 2 are transcription factors that regulate the homeostatic response to low oxygen conditions. Since data related to the importance of HIF1 and 2 in hematopoietic stem and progenitors is conflicting, we investigated the chromatin binding profiles of HIF1 and HIF2 and linked that to transcriptional networks and the cellular metabolic state. Methods Genome-wide ChIPseq and ChIP-PCR experiments were performed to identify HIF1 and HIF2 binding sites in human acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells and healthy CD34+ hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells. Transcriptome studies were performed to identify gene expression changes induced by hypoxia or by overexpression of oxygen-insensitive HIF1 and HIF2 mutants. Metabolism studies were performed by 1D-NMR, and glucose consumption and lactate production levels were determined by spectrophotometric enzyme assays. CRISPR-CAS9-mediated HIF1, HIF2, and ARNT-/- lines were generated to study the functional consequences upon loss of HIF signaling, in vitro and in vivo upon transplantation of knockout lines in xenograft mice. Results Genome-wide ChIP-seq and transcriptome studies revealed that overlapping HIF1- and HIF2-controlled loci were highly enriched for various processes including metabolism, particularly glucose metabolism, but also for chromatin organization, cellular response to stress and G protein-coupled receptor signaling. ChIP-qPCR validation studies confirmed that glycolysis-related genes but not genes related to the TCA cycle or glutaminolysis were controlled by both HIF1 and HIF2 in leukemic cell lines and primary AMLs, while in healthy human CD34+ cells these loci were predominantly controlled by HIF1 and not HIF2. However, and in contrast to our initial hypotheses, CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knockout of HIF signaling did not affect growth, internal metabolite concentrations, glucose consumption or lactate production under hypoxia, not even in vivo upon transplantation of knockout cells into xenograft mice. Conclusion These data indicate that, while HIFs exert control over glycolysis but not OxPHOS gene expression in human leukemic cells, this is not critically important for their metabolic state. In contrast, inhibition of BCR-ABL did impact on glucose consumption and lactate production regardless of the presence of HIFs. These data indicate that oncogene-mediated control over glycolysis can occur independently of hypoxic signaling modules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albertus T J Wierenga
- Department of Experimental Hematology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, Groningen, 9700RB The Netherlands.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9700RB Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Alan Cunningham
- Department of Experimental Hematology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, Groningen, 9700RB The Netherlands
| | - Ayşegül Erdem
- Department of Experimental Hematology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, Groningen, 9700RB The Netherlands
| | | | - Annet Z Brouwers-Vos
- Department of Experimental Hematology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, Groningen, 9700RB The Netherlands
| | - Maurien Pruis
- Department of Experimental Hematology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, Groningen, 9700RB The Netherlands
| | - André B Mulder
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9700RB Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ulrich L Günther
- 3Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Joost H A Martens
- 4Department of Molecular Biology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Edo Vellenga
- Department of Experimental Hematology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, Groningen, 9700RB The Netherlands
| | - Jan Jacob Schuringa
- Department of Experimental Hematology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, Groningen, 9700RB The Netherlands
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82
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Nakagawa MM, Rathinam CV. Constitutive Activation of the Canonical NF-κB Pathway Leads to Bone Marrow Failure and Induction of Erythroid Signature in Hematopoietic Stem Cells. Cell Rep 2019; 25:2094-2109.e4. [PMID: 30463008 PMCID: PMC6945759 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.10.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Revised: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Constitutive activation of the canonical NF-κB pathway has been associated with a variety of human pathologies. However, molecular mechanisms through which canonical NF-κB affects hematopoiesis remain elusive. Here, we demonstrate that deregulated canonical NF-κB signals in hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) cause a complete depletion of HSC pool, pancytopenia, bone marrow failure, and premature death. Constitutive activation of IKK2 in HSCs leads to impaired quiescence and loss of function. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) identified an induction of “erythroid signature” in HSCs with augmented NF-κB activity. Mechanistic studies indicated a reduction of thrombopoietin (TPO)-mediated signals and its downstream target p57 in HSCs, due to reduced c-MpI expression in a cell-intrinsic manner. Molecular studies established Klf1 as a key suppressor of c-MpI in HSPCs with increased NF-κB. In essence, these studies identified a previously unknown mechanism through which exaggerated canonical NF-κB signals affect HSCs and cause pathophysiology. Nakagawa and Rathinam demonstrate that constitutive activation of IKK2 in HSCs causes a complete depletion of the HSC pool and impairs HSC functions due to a loss of “sternness” signature and an induction of erythroid signature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Marshall Nakagawa
- Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Medical Center, 701 W. 168(th) Street, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Chozha Vendan Rathinam
- Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Medical Center, 701 W. 168(th) Street, New York, NY 10032, USA; Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA; Center for Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA; Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 725 W. Lombard Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
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83
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Leimkühler NB, Schneider RK. Inflammatory bone marrow microenvironment. HEMATOLOGY. AMERICAN SOCIETY OF HEMATOLOGY. EDUCATION PROGRAM 2019; 2019:294-302. [PMID: 31808897 PMCID: PMC6913454 DOI: 10.1182/hematology.2019000045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Self-renewing hematopoietic stem cells and their progeny, lineage-specific downstream progenitors, maintain steady-state hematopoiesis in the bone marrow (BM). Accumulating evidence over the last few years indicates that not only primitive hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs), but also cells defining the microenvironment of the BM (BM niche), sense hematopoietic stress signals. They respond by directing and orchestrating hematopoiesis via not only cell-intrinsic but also cell-extrinsic mechanisms. Inflammation has many beneficial roles by activating the immune system in tissue repair and as a defense mechanism. However, chronic inflammation can have detrimental effects by stressing HSPCs, leading to cell (DNA) damage resulting in BM failure or even to leukemia. Emerging data have demonstrated that the BM microenvironment plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of hematopoietic malignancies, in particular, through disrupted inflammatory signaling, specifically in niche (microenvironmental) cells. Clonal selection in the context of microenvironmental alterations can occur in the context of toxic insults (eg, chemotherapy), not only aging but also inflammation. In this review, we summarize mechanisms that lead to an inflammatory BM microenvironment and discuss how this affects normal hematopoiesis. We pay particular attention to the process of aging, which is known to involve low-grade inflammation and is also associated with age-related clonal hematopoiesis and potentially malignant transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nils B Leimkühler
- Department of Hematology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rebekka K Schneider
- Department of Hematology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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84
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Dowling RJO, Sparano JA, Goodwin PJ, Bidard FC, Cescon DW, Chandarlapaty S, Deasy JO, Dowsett M, Gray RJ, Henry NL, Meric-Bernstam F, Perlmutter J, Sledge GW, Thorat MA, Bratman SV, Carey LA, Chang MC, DeMichele A, Ennis M, Jerzak KJ, Korde LA, Lohmann AE, Mamounas EP, Parulekar WR, Regan MM, Schramek D, Stambolic V, Whelan TJ, Wolff AC, Woodgett JR, Kalinsky K, Hayes DF. Toronto Workshop on Late Recurrence in Estrogen Receptor-Positive Breast Cancer: Part 2: Approaches to Predict and Identify Late Recurrence, Research Directions. JNCI Cancer Spectr 2019; 3:pkz049. [PMID: 32337478 PMCID: PMC7050024 DOI: 10.1093/jncics/pkz049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Revised: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Late disease recurrence (more than 5 years after initial diagnosis) represents a clinical challenge in the treatment and management of estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer (BC). An international workshop was convened in Toronto, Canada, in February 2018 to review the current understanding of late recurrence and to identify critical issues that require future study. The underlying biological causes of late recurrence are complex, with the processes governing cancer cell dormancy, including immunosurveillance, cell proliferation, angiogenesis, and cellular stemness, being integral to disease progression. These critical processes are described herein as well as their role in influencing risk of recurrence. Moreover, observational and interventional clinical trials are proposed, with a focus on methods to identify patients at risk of recurrence and possible strategies to combat this in patients with estrogen receptor-positive BC. Because the problem of late BC recurrence of great importance, recent advances in disease detection and patient monitoring should be incorporated into novel clinical trials to evaluate approaches to enhance patient management. Indeed, future research on these issues is planned and will offer new options for effective late recurrence treatment and prevention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan J O Dowling
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Joseph A Sparano
- Departments of Medicine and Medical Oncology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Pamela J Goodwin
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mt. Sinai Hospital, Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - David W Cescon
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sarat Chandarlapaty
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; Breast Medicine Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
- Weill-Cornell Medical College, New York, NY
| | - Joseph O Deasy
- Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Mitch Dowsett
- Ralph Lauren Centre for Breast Cancer Research, Royal Marsden Hospital, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Breast Cancer Now Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Robert J Gray
- Department of Biostatistics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - N Lynn Henry
- University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Funda Meric-Bernstam
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | | | - George W Sledge
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Mangesh A Thorat
- Centre for Cancer Prevention, Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine, Barts & The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Scott V Bratman
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Radiation Medicine Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Lisa A Carey
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Martin C Chang
- University of Vermont Medical Center, Larner College of Medicine, Burlington, VT
| | - Angela DeMichele
- Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | | | - Katarzyna J Jerzak
- Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Odette Cancer Centre, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Larissa A Korde
- Cancer Therapy Evaluation Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD
| | - Ana Elisa Lohmann
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mt. Sinai Hospital, Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Wendy R Parulekar
- Canadian Cancer Trials Group, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Meredith M Regan
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Daniel Schramek
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mt. Sinai Hospital, Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Vuk Stambolic
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Timothy J Whelan
- McMaster University and Juravinski Cancer Centre, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Antonio C Wolff
- The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine and Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD
| | - Jim R Woodgett
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mt. Sinai Hospital, Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Kevin Kalinsky
- Department of Medicine, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Daniel F Hayes
- University of Michigan Rogel Cancer Center, and Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
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85
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Grigoriou M, Banos A, Filia A, Pavlidis P, Giannouli S, Karali V, Nikolopoulos D, Pieta A, Bertsias G, Verginis P, Mitroulis I, Boumpas DT. Transcriptome reprogramming and myeloid skewing in haematopoietic stem and progenitor cells in systemic lupus erythematosus. Ann Rheum Dis 2019; 79:242-253. [PMID: 31780527 PMCID: PMC7025734 DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2019-215782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Objectives Haematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) are multipotent cells giving rise to both myeloid and lymphoid cell lineages. We reasoned that the aberrancies of immune cells in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) could be traced back to HSPCs. Methods A global gene expression map of bone marrow (BM)-derived HSPCs was completed by RNA sequencing followed by pathway and enrichment analysis. The cell cycle status and apoptosis status of HSPCs were assessed by flow cytometry, while DNA damage was assessed via immunofluorescence. Results Transcriptomic analysis of Lin−Sca-1+c-Kit+ haematopoietic progenitors from diseased lupus mice demonstrated a strong myeloid signature with expanded frequencies of common myeloid progenitors (CMPs)—but not of common lymphoid progenitors—reminiscent of a ‘trained immunity’ signature. CMP profiling revealed an intense transcriptome reprogramming with suppression of granulocytic regulators indicative of a differentiation arrest with downregulation trend of major regulators such as Cebpe, Cebpd and Csf3r, and disturbed myelopoiesis. Despite the differentiation arrest, frequencies of BM neutrophils were markedly increased in diseased mice, suggesting an alternative granulopoiesis pathway. In patients with SLE with severe disease, haematopoietic progenitor cells (CD34+) demonstrated enhanced proliferation, cell differentiation and transcriptional activation of cytokines and chemokines that drive differentiation towards myelopoiesis, thus mirroring the murine data. Conclusions Aberrancies of immune cells in SLE can be traced back to the BM HSPCs. Priming of HSPCs and aberrant regulation of myelopoiesis may contribute to inflammation and risk of flare. Trial registration number 4948/19-07-2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Grigoriou
- 4th Department of Internal Medicine, Attikon University Hospital and Joint Rheumatology Program, National and Kapodestrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.,Laboratory of Inflammation and Autoimmunity, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Aggelos Banos
- Laboratory of Inflammation and Autoimmunity, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Anastasia Filia
- Laboratory of Inflammation and Autoimmunity, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Pavlos Pavlidis
- Institute of Computer Science, Foundation of Research and Technology Hellas, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Stavroula Giannouli
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Hippokrateion Hospital, National and Kapodestrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Vassiliki Karali
- 4th Department of Internal Medicine, Attikon University Hospital and Joint Rheumatology Program, National and Kapodestrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Dionysis Nikolopoulos
- 4th Department of Internal Medicine, Attikon University Hospital and Joint Rheumatology Program, National and Kapodestrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.,Laboratory of Inflammation and Autoimmunity, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Antigone Pieta
- 4th Department of Internal Medicine, Attikon University Hospital and Joint Rheumatology Program, National and Kapodestrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - George Bertsias
- Department of Rheumatology, Clinical Immunology and Allergy, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Panayotis Verginis
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation and Tolerance, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Ioannis Mitroulis
- Department of Hematology and Laboratory of Molecular Hematology, Department of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece.,Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Center of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Dimitrios T Boumpas
- 4th Department of Internal Medicine, Attikon University Hospital and Joint Rheumatology Program, National and Kapodestrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece .,Laboratory of Inflammation and Autoimmunity, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece.,Rheumatology-Clinical Immunology Unit, Medical School, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
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86
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Cai Z, Kotzin JJ, Ramdas B, Chen S, Nelanuthala S, Palam LR, Pandey R, Mali RS, Liu Y, Kelley MR, Sandusky G, Mohseni M, Williams A, Henao-Mejia J, Kapur R. Inhibition of Inflammatory Signaling in Tet2 Mutant Preleukemic Cells Mitigates Stress-Induced Abnormalities and Clonal Hematopoiesis. Cell Stem Cell 2019; 23:833-849.e5. [PMID: 30526882 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2018.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 221] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2017] [Revised: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation is a risk factor for cancer development. Individuals with preleukemic TET2 mutations manifest clonal hematopoiesis and are at a higher risk of developing leukemia. How inflammatory signals influence the survival of preleukemic hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) is unclear. We show a rapid increase in the frequency and absolute number of Tet2-KO mature myeloid cells and HSPCs in response to inflammatory stress, which results in enhanced production of inflammatory cytokines, including interleukin-6 (IL-6), and resistance to apoptosis. IL-6 induces hyperactivation of the Shp2-Stat3 signaling axis, resulting in increased expression of a novel anti-apoptotic long non-coding RNA (lncRNAs), Morrbid, in Tet2-KO myeloid cells and HSPCs. Expression of activated Shp2 in HSPCs phenocopies Tet2 loss with regard to hyperactivation of Stat3 and Morrbid. In vivo, pharmacologic inhibition of Shp2 or Stat3 or genetic loss of Morrbid in Tet2 mutant mice rescues inflammatory-stress-induced abnormalities in HSPCs and mature myeloid cells, including clonal hematopoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhigang Cai
- Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
| | - Jonathan J Kotzin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Baskar Ramdas
- Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Sisi Chen
- Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Sai Nelanuthala
- Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Lakshmi Reddy Palam
- Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Ruchi Pandey
- Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Raghuveer Singh Mali
- Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Yan Liu
- Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Mark R Kelley
- Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - George Sandusky
- Department of Pathology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Morvarid Mohseni
- Lab Head Oncology, Novartis Institutes of Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Adam Williams
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT 06032, USA; Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06032, USA
| | - Jorge Henao-Mejia
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Division of Protective Immunity, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Reuben Kapur
- Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
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87
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Scheller-Wendorff M, Müller-Tidow C. IRE1α maintains HSC stemness under ER-stress. Nat Cell Biol 2019; 21:297-298. [PMID: 30778221 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-019-0295-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Marina Scheller-Wendorff
- Department of Medicine V, Hematology, Oncology and Rheumatology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Carsten Müller-Tidow
- Department of Medicine V, Hematology, Oncology and Rheumatology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
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88
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Golan K, Kollet O, Markus RP, Lapidot T. Daily light and darkness onset and circadian rhythms metabolically synchronize hematopoietic stem cell differentiation and maintenance: The role of bone marrow norepinephrine, tumor necrosis factor, and melatonin cycles. Exp Hematol 2019; 78:1-10. [PMID: 31494174 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2019.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Revised: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) are essential for daily mature blood cell production, host immunity, and osteoclast-mediated bone turnover. The timing at which stem cells give rise to mature blood and immune cells while maintaining the bone marrow (BM) reservoir of undifferentiated HSPCs and how these opposite tasks are synchronized are poorly understood. Previous studies revealed that daily light onset activates norepinephrine (NE)-induced BM CXCL12 downregulation, followed by CXCR4+ HSPC release to the circulation. Recently, we reported that daily light onset induces transient elevations of BM NE and tumor necrosis factor (TNF), which metabolically program BM HSPC differentiation and recruitment to replenish the blood. In contrast, darkness onset induces lower elevations of BM NE and TNF, activating melatonin production, which metabolically reprograms HSPCs, increasing their short- and long-term repopulation potential, and BM maintenance. How the functions of BM-retained HSPCs are influenced by daily light and darkness cycles and their clinical potential are further discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Golan
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Orit Kollet
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Regina P Markus
- Laboratory of Chronopharmacology, Department of Physiology, Institute of Bioscience, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Tsvee Lapidot
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.
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89
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Schuler F, Afreen S, Manzl C, Häcker G, Erlacher M, Villunger A. Checkpoint kinase 1 is essential for fetal and adult hematopoiesis. EMBO Rep 2019; 20:e47026. [PMID: 31379128 PMCID: PMC6680171 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201847026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Revised: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Checkpoint kinase 1 (CHK1) is critical for S-phase fidelity and preventing premature mitotic entry in the presence of DNA damage. Tumor cells have developed a strong dependence on CHK1 for survival, and hence, this kinase has developed into a promising drug target. Chk1 deficiency in mice results in blastocyst death due to G2/M checkpoint failure showing that it is an essential gene and may be difficult to target therapeutically. Here, we show that chemical inhibition of CHK1 kills murine and human hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) by the induction of BCL2-regulated apoptosis. Cell death in HSPCs is independent of p53 but requires the BH3-only proteins BIM, PUMA, and NOXA. Moreover, Chk1 is essential for definitive hematopoiesis in the embryo. Noteworthy, cell death inhibition in HSPCs cannot restore blood cell formation as HSPCs lacking CHK1 accumulate DNA damage and stop dividing. Moreover, conditional deletion of Chk1 in hematopoietic cells of adult mice selects for blood cells retaining CHK1, suggesting an essential role in maintaining functional hematopoiesis. Our findings establish a previously unrecognized role for CHK1 in establishing and maintaining hematopoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Schuler
- Division of Developmental ImmunologyBiocenterMedical University of InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria
| | - Sehar Afreen
- Division of Pediatric Hematology and OncologyDepartment of Pediatrics and Adolescent MedicineFaculty of MedicineUniversity of FreiburgFreiburgGermany
- Faculty of BiologyUniversity of FreiburgFreiburgGermany
| | - Claudia Manzl
- Institute of Pathology, Neuropathology and Molecular pathologyMedical University of InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria
| | - Georg Häcker
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and HygieneUniversity Medical Center FreiburgFreiburgGermany
| | - Miriam Erlacher
- Division of Pediatric Hematology and OncologyDepartment of Pediatrics and Adolescent MedicineFaculty of MedicineUniversity of FreiburgFreiburgGermany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK)FreiburgGermany
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)HeidelbergGermany
| | - Andreas Villunger
- Division of Developmental ImmunologyBiocenterMedical University of InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of SciencesViennaAustria
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Rare and Undiagnosed DiseasesViennaAustria
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90
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Park SM, Kim J, Hong CM, Shin DH, Kim JY, Park DY, Sohn DH, Kim YH, Kwon SM, Kim JH, Bae SS, Kim K, Kim CD, Kang CD, Lee D. SIRT1 is dispensable for maturation of hematopoietic stem cell in the bone marrow niche. Exp Ther Med 2019; 18:2341-2345. [PMID: 31452717 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2019.7813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) is a histone deacetylase implicated in stem cell homeostasis. Conditional Sirt1 deletion in the hematopoietic stem and progenitor system promotes hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell (HSPC) expansion under stress conditions. In addition, SIRT1 activators modulate the capacity and HSPC numbers in the bone marrow (BM). To investigate the role of SIRT1 in the BM niche, a conditional Sirt1 deletion in the BM niche was generated in a mouse model for the present study. Multicolor flow cytometric analyses were performed to determine HSC cell populations. Using 5-fluorouracil-induced proliferative stress, a survival curve was produced. In the present study, Sirt1 deletion in the BM niche demonstrated that the production of mature blood cells, lineage distribution within hematopoietic organs and frequencies of HSPC populations were comparable to those of controls. Additionally, Sirt1 deletion in the BM niche did not perturb HSC maturation under stress induced by transplantation. Therefore, these observations suggest that SIRT1 serves a dispensable role in HSC maturation in the BM niche.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Min Park
- Department of Convergence Medical Science, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Gyeongsangnam-do 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Jayoung Kim
- Department of Convergence Medical Science, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Gyeongsangnam-do 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Chae Mi Hong
- Department of Convergence Medical Science, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Gyeongsangnam-do 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Hoon Shin
- Department of Pathology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Gyeongsangnam-do 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Jee Yeon Kim
- Department of Pathology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Gyeongsangnam-do 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Do Youn Park
- Department of Pathology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Gyeongsangnam-do 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Hyun Sohn
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Gyeongsangnam-do 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun Hak Kim
- Department of Anatomy and Biomedical Informatics, Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Gyeongsangnam-do 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Mo Kwon
- Department of Physiology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Gyeongsangnam-do 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Ho Kim
- Department of Physiology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Gyeongsangnam-do 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Sik Bae
- Department of Pharmacology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Gyeongsangnam-do 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Koanhoi Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Gyeongsangnam-do 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Chi Dae Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Gyeongsangnam-do 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Chi-Dug Kang
- Department of Convergence Medical Science, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Gyeongsangnam-do 50612, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biochemistry, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Gyeongsangnam-do 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongjun Lee
- Department of Convergence Medical Science, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Gyeongsangnam-do 50612, Republic of Korea
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91
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Leveau C, Gajardo T, El-Daher MT, Cagnard N, Fischer A, de Saint Basile G, Sepulveda FE. Ttc7a regulates hematopoietic stem cell functions while controlling the stress-induced response. Haematologica 2019; 105:59-70. [PMID: 31004027 PMCID: PMC6939534 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2018.207100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The molecular machinery that regulates the balance between self-renewal and differentiation properties of hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) has yet to be characterized in detail. Here we found that the tetratricopeptide repeat domain 7 A (Ttc7a) protein, a putative scaffold protein expressed by HSC, acts as an intrinsic regulator of the proliferative response and the self-renewal potential of murine HSC in vivo. Loss of Ttc7a consistently enhanced the competitive repopulating ability of HSC and their intrinsic capacity to replenish the hematopoietic system after serial cell transplantations, relative to wildtype cells. Ttc7a-deficient HSC exhibit a different transcriptomic profile for a set of genes controlling the cellular response to stress, which was associated with increased proliferation in response to chemically induced stress in vitro and myeloablative stress in vivo. Our results therefore revealed a previously unrecognized role of Ttc7a as a critical regulator of HSC stemness. This role is related, at least in part, to regulation of the endoplasmic reticulum stress response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Leveau
- Laboratory of Normal and Pathological Homeostasis of the Immune System, INSERM UMR 1163, Imagine Institute, Paris.,Université Paris Descartes -Sorbonne Paris Cité, Imagine Institute, Paris
| | - Tania Gajardo
- Laboratory of Normal and Pathological Homeostasis of the Immune System, INSERM UMR 1163, Imagine Institute, Paris.,Université Paris Descartes -Sorbonne Paris Cité, Imagine Institute, Paris
| | - Marie-Thérèse El-Daher
- Laboratory of Normal and Pathological Homeostasis of the Immune System, INSERM UMR 1163, Imagine Institute, Paris.,Université Paris Descartes -Sorbonne Paris Cité, Imagine Institute, Paris
| | - Nicolas Cagnard
- Université Paris Descartes -Sorbonne Paris Cité, Imagine Institute, Paris.,Bioinformatic Platform, INSERM UMR 1163, Université Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité, Imagine Institute, Paris.,Structure Fédérative de Recherche (SFR) Necker, INSERM US24/CNRS UMS 3633, Paris
| | - Alain Fischer
- Université Paris Descartes -Sorbonne Paris Cité, Imagine Institute, Paris.,Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades Immunology and Pediatric Hematology Department, Paris.,Collège de France, Paris, France.,INSERM UMR1163, Paris
| | - Geneviève de Saint Basile
- Laboratory of Normal and Pathological Homeostasis of the Immune System, INSERM UMR 1163, Imagine Institute, Paris .,Université Paris Descartes -Sorbonne Paris Cité, Imagine Institute, Paris.,Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Centre d'Etudes des Déficits Immunitaires, Paris
| | - Fernando E Sepulveda
- Laboratory of Normal and Pathological Homeostasis of the Immune System, INSERM UMR 1163, Imagine Institute, Paris .,Université Paris Descartes -Sorbonne Paris Cité, Imagine Institute, Paris.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS, Paris, France
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92
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Herheliuk T, Perepelytsina O, Ostapchenko L, Sydorenko M. Effect of Interferon α-2b on Multicellular Tumor Spheroids of MCF-7 Cell Line Enriched with Cancer Stem Cells. INNOVATIVE BIOSYSTEMS AND BIOENGINEERING 2019. [DOI: 10.20535/ibb.2019.3.1.157388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
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93
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Wielockx B, Grinenko T, Mirtschink P, Chavakis T. Hypoxia Pathway Proteins in Normal and Malignant Hematopoiesis. Cells 2019; 8:cells8020155. [PMID: 30781787 PMCID: PMC6406588 DOI: 10.3390/cells8020155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Revised: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The regulation of oxygen (O₂) levels is crucial in embryogenesis and adult life, as O₂ controls a multitude of key cellular functions. Low oxygen levels (hypoxia) are relevant for tissue physiology as they are integral to adequate metabolism regulation and cell fate. Hence, the hypoxia response is of utmost importance for cell, organ and organism function and is dependent on the hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) pathway. HIF pathway activity is strictly regulated by the family of oxygen-sensitive HIF prolyl hydroxylase domain (PHD) proteins. Physiologic hypoxia is a hallmark of the hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) niche in the bone marrow. This niche facilitates HSC quiescence and survival. The present review focuses on current knowledge and the many open questions regarding the impact of PHDs/HIFs and other proteins of the hypoxia pathway on the HSC niche and on normal and malignant hematopoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Wielockx
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany.
| | - Tatyana Grinenko
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany.
| | - Peter Mirtschink
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany.
| | - Triantafyllos Chavakis
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany.
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94
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Lee GY, Jeong SY, Lee HR, Oh IH. Age-related differences in the bone marrow stem cell niche generate specialized microenvironments for the distinct regulation of normal hematopoietic and leukemia stem cells. Sci Rep 2019; 9:1007. [PMID: 30700727 PMCID: PMC6353913 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-36999-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The bone marrow (BM) microenvironment serves as a stem cell niche regulating the in vivo cell fate of normal hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) as well as leukemia stem cells (LSCs). Accumulating studies have indicated that the regeneration of normal HSCs and the process of leukemogenesis change with advancing age. However, the role of microenvironmental factors in these age-related effects are unclear. Here, we compared the stem cell niche in neonatal and adult BM to investigate potential differences in their microenvironmental regulation of both normal and leukemic stem cells. We found that the mesenchymal niche in neonatal BM, compared to adult BM, was characterized by a higher frequency of primitive subsets of mesenchymal stroma expressing both platelet-derived growth factor receptor and Sca-1, and higher expression levels of the niche cross-talk molecules, Jagged-1 and CXCL-12. Accordingly, normal HSCs transplanted into neonatal mice exhibited higher levels of regeneration in BM, with no difference in homing efficiency or splenic engraftment compared to adult BM. In contrast, in vivo self-renewal of LSCs was higher in adult BM than in neonatal BM, with increased frequencies of leukemia-initiating cells as well as higher lympho-myeloid differentiation potential towards biphenotypic leukemic cells. These differences in LSC self-renewal capacity between neonates and adults was abrogated by switching of recipients, confirming their microenvironmental origin. Our study provides insight into the differences in leukemic diseases observed in childhood and adults, and is important for interpretation of many transplantation studies involving neonatal animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ga-Young Lee
- Catholic High-Performance Cell Therapy Center and Department of Medical Lifescience, The Catholic University of Korea, College of Medicine, Seoul, 137-701, Korea
| | - Seon-Yeong Jeong
- Catholic High-Performance Cell Therapy Center and Department of Medical Lifescience, The Catholic University of Korea, College of Medicine, Seoul, 137-701, Korea
| | - Hae-Ri Lee
- Catholic High-Performance Cell Therapy Center and Department of Medical Lifescience, The Catholic University of Korea, College of Medicine, Seoul, 137-701, Korea
| | - Il-Hoan Oh
- Catholic High-Performance Cell Therapy Center and Department of Medical Lifescience, The Catholic University of Korea, College of Medicine, Seoul, 137-701, Korea. .,Department of Medical Lifescience, The Catholic University of Korea, College of Medicine, Seoul, 137-701, Korea.
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95
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Carlson P, Dasgupta A, Grzelak CA, Kim J, Barrett A, Coleman IM, Shor RE, Goddard ET, Dai J, Schweitzer EM, Lim AR, Crist SB, Cheresh DA, Nelson PS, Hansen KC, Ghajar CM. Targeting the perivascular niche sensitizes disseminated tumour cells to chemotherapy. Nat Cell Biol 2019; 21:238-250. [PMID: 30664790 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-018-0267-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The presence of disseminated tumour cells (DTCs) in bone marrow is predictive of poor metastasis-free survival of patients with breast cancer with localized disease. DTCs persist in distant tissues despite systemic administration of adjuvant chemotherapy. Many assume that this is because the majority of DTCs are quiescent. Here, we challenge this notion and provide evidence that the microenvironment of DTCs protects them from chemotherapy, independent of cell cycle status. We show that chemoresistant DTCs occupy the perivascular niche (PVN) of distant tissues, where they are protected from therapy by vascular endothelium. Inhibiting integrin-mediated interactions between DTCs and the PVN, driven partly by endothelial-derived von Willebrand factor and vascular cell adhesion molecule 1, sensitizes DTCs to chemotherapy. Importantly, chemosensitization is achieved without inducing DTC proliferation or exacerbating chemotherapy-associated toxicities, and ultimately results in prevention of bone metastasis. This suggests that prefacing adjuvant therapy with integrin inhibitors is a viable clinical strategy to eradicate DTCs and prevent metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Carlson
- Public Health Sciences Division/Translational Research Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Arko Dasgupta
- Public Health Sciences Division/Translational Research Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Candice A Grzelak
- Public Health Sciences Division/Translational Research Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jeanna Kim
- Public Health Sciences Division/Translational Research Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Alexander Barrett
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Ilsa M Coleman
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA.,Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Ryann E Shor
- Public Health Sciences Division/Translational Research Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Erica T Goddard
- Public Health Sciences Division/Translational Research Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jinxiang Dai
- Public Health Sciences Division/Translational Research Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Emma M Schweitzer
- Public Health Sciences Division/Translational Research Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Andrea R Lim
- Public Health Sciences Division/Translational Research Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA.,Graduate Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Sarah B Crist
- Public Health Sciences Division/Translational Research Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA.,Graduate Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - David A Cheresh
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.,Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Peter S Nelson
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA.,Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.,Department of Urology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.,Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Kirk C Hansen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Cyrus M Ghajar
- Public Health Sciences Division/Translational Research Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA. .,Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA.
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96
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Talbot H, Saada S, Naves T, Gallet PF, Fauchais AL, Jauberteau MO. Regulatory Roles of Sortilin and SorLA in Immune-Related Processes. Front Pharmacol 2019; 9:1507. [PMID: 30666202 PMCID: PMC6330335 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.01507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Sortilin, also known as Neurotensin Receptor-3, and the sorting-related receptor with type-A repeats (SorLA) are both members of the Vps10p domain receptor family. Initially identified in CNS cells, they are expressed in various other cell types where they exert multiple functions. Although mostly studied for its involvement in Alzheimer’s disease, SorLA has recently been shown to be implicated in immune response by regulating IL-6-mediated signaling, as well as driving monocyte migration. Sortilin has been shown to act as a receptor, as a co-receptor and as an intra- and extracellular trafficking regulator. In the last two decades, deregulation of sortilin has been demonstrated to be involved in many human pathophysiologies, including neurodegenerative disorders (Alzheimer and Parkinson diseases), type 2 diabetes and obesity, cancer, and cardiovascular pathologies such as atherosclerosis. Several studies highlighted different functions of sortilin in the immune system, notably in microglia, pro-inflammatory cytokine regulation, phagosome fusion and pathogen clearance. In this review, we will analyze the multiple roles of sortilin and SorLA in the human immune system and how their deregulation may be involved in disease development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo Talbot
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Limoges, Limoges, France
| | - Sofiane Saada
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Limoges, Limoges, France
| | - Thomas Naves
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Limoges, Limoges, France
| | | | - Anne-Laure Fauchais
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Limoges, Limoges, France.,Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Limoges Dupuytren Hospital, Limoges, France
| | - Marie-Odile Jauberteau
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Limoges, Limoges, France.,Department of Immunology, University Hospital Limoges Dupuytren Hospital, Limoges, France
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97
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Hasselbalch HC, Holmström MO. Perspectives on interferon-alpha in the treatment of polycythemia vera and related myeloproliferative neoplasms: minimal residual disease and cure? Semin Immunopathol 2019; 41:5-19. [PMID: 30203226 PMCID: PMC6323070 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-018-0700-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The first clinical trials of the safety and efficacy of interferon-alpha2 (IFN-alpha2) were performed about 30 years ago. Since then, several single-arm studies have convincingly demonstrated that IFN-alpha2 is a highly potent anti-cancer agent in several cancer types but unfortunately not being explored sufficiently due to a high toxicity profile when using non-pegylated IFN-alpha2 or high dosages or due to competitive drugs, that for clinicians at first glance might look more attractive. Within the hematological malignancies, IFN-alpha2 has only recently been revived in patients with the Philadelphia-negative myeloproliferative neoplasms-essential thrombocytosis, polycythemia vera, and myelofibrosis (MPNs)-and in patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) in combination with tyrosine kinase inhibitors. In this review, we tell the IFN story in MPNs from the very beginning in the 1980s up to 2018 and describe the perspectives for IFN-alpha2 treatment of MPNs in the future. The mechanisms of actions are discussed and the impact of chronic inflammation as the driving force for clonal expansion and disease progression in MPNs is discussed in the context of combination therapies with potent anti-inflammatory agents, such as the JAK1-2 inhibitors (licensed only ruxolitinib) and statins as well. Interferon-alpha2 being the cornerstone treatment in MPNs and having the potential of inducing minimal residual disease (MRD) with normalization of the bone marrow and low-JAK2V617F allele burden, we believe that combination therapy with ruxolitinib may be even more efficacious and hopefully revert disease progression in many more patients to enter the path towards MRD. In patients with advanced and transforming disease towards leukemic transformation or having transformed to acute myeloid leukemia, "triple therapy" is proposed as a novel treatment modality to be tested in clinical trials combining IFN-alpha2, DNA-hypomethylator, and ruxolitinib. The rationale for this "triple therapy" is given, including the fact that even in AML, IFN-alpha2 as monotherapy may revert disease progression. We envisage a new and bright future with many more patients with MPNs obtaining MRD on the above therapies. From this stage-and even before-vaccination strategies may open a new horizon with cure being the goal for some patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans Carl Hasselbalch
- Department of Hematology, Zealand University Hospital, Sygehusvej 10, 4000, Roskilde, Denmark.
| | - Morten Orebo Holmström
- Department of Hematology, Zealand University Hospital, Sygehusvej 10, 4000, Roskilde, Denmark
- Center for Cancer Immune Therapy, Department of Hematology, Herlev Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
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98
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Modulation of Myelopoiesis Progenitors Is an Integral Component of Trained Immunity. Cell 2018; 172:147-161.e12. [PMID: 29328910 PMCID: PMC5766828 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2017.11.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 670] [Impact Index Per Article: 111.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2017] [Revised: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Trained innate immunity fosters a sustained favorable response of myeloid cells to a secondary challenge, despite their short lifespan in circulation. We thus hypothesized that trained immunity acts via modulation of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs). Administration of β-glucan (prototypical trained-immunity-inducing agonist) to mice induced expansion of progenitors of the myeloid lineage, which was associated with elevated signaling by innate immune mediators, such as IL-1β and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), and with adaptations in glucose metabolism and cholesterol biosynthesis. The trained-immunity-related increase in myelopoiesis resulted in a beneficial response to secondary LPS challenge and protection from chemotherapy-induced myelosuppression in mice. Therefore, modulation of myeloid progenitors in the bone marrow is an integral component of trained immunity, which to date, was considered to involve functional changes of mature myeloid cells in the periphery. Trained immunity (TI) modulates hematopoietic progenitors in bone marrow TI is associated with adaptations in cell metabolism in progenitors TI increases expansion of hematopoietic progenitors and myelopoiesis TI promotes beneficial responses to systemic inflammation and chemotherapy
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99
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Barui A, Datta P. Biophysical factors in the regulation of asymmetric division of stem cells. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2018; 94:810-827. [PMID: 30467934 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Revised: 10/14/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ananya Barui
- Centre for Healthcare Science and TechnologyIndian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Shibpur Howrah West Bengal 711103 India
| | - Pallab Datta
- Centre for Healthcare Science and TechnologyIndian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Shibpur Howrah West Bengal 711103 India
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100
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Nakagawa MM, Chen H, Rathinam CV. Constitutive Activation of NF-κB Pathway in Hematopoietic Stem Cells Causes Loss of Quiescence and Deregulated Transcription Factor Networks. Front Cell Dev Biol 2018; 6:143. [PMID: 30425986 PMCID: PMC6218573 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2018.00143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Identifying physiological roles of specific signaling pathways that regulate hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) functions may lead to new treatment strategies and therapeutic interventions for hematologic disorders. Here, we provide genetic evidence that constitutive activation of NF-κB in HSCs results in reduced pool size, repopulation capacities, and quiescence of HSCs. Global transcriptional profiling and bioinformatics studies identified loss of ‘stemness’ and ‘quiescence’ signatures in HSCs with deregulated NF-κB activation. In particular, gene set enrichment analysis identified upregulation of cyclin dependent kinase- Ccnd1 and down regulation of cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor p57kip2. Interestingly, constitutive activation of NF-κB is sufficient to alter the regulatory circuits of transcription factors (TFs) that are critical to HSC self-renewal and functions. Molecular studies identified Junb, as one of the direct targets of NF-κB in hematopoietic cells. In essence, these studies demonstrate that aberrant activation of NF-κB signals impairs HSC quiescence and functions and alters the ‘TF networks’ in HSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Huanwen Chen
- Institute of Human Virology, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Chozha Vendan Rathinam
- Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, United States.,Institute of Human Virology, Baltimore, MD, United States.,Center for Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States.,Marlene & Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, United States
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