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Guilloteau H, Pradalier C, Roman VL, Bellanger X, Billard P, Merlin C. Identification of antibiotics triggering the dissemination of antibiotic resistance genes by SXT/R391 elements using a dedicated high-throughput whole-cell biosensor assay. J Antimicrob Chemother 2021; 77:112-123. [PMID: 34673974 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkab374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mobile genetic elements (MGEs) are widely involved in the dissemination of antibiotic resistance genes and some of them, such as the integrative and conjugative element SXT, are even induced by specific antibiotics at sub-lethal concentrations. OBJECTIVES This work explores collateral effects of a broad range of antibiotics on the mobility of the SXTMO10 element using a specifically designed high-throughput screening test. METHODS Twenty-five promoters involved in the mobility of SXT and six artificial constitutive promoters were transcriptionally fused to luxCDABE bioluminescent genes and introduced into Escherichia coli strains with or without SXT to build whole-cell biosensors for a large-scale screening involving 48 antibiotics. A bioluminescent assay implementing a classical agar diffusion approach was coupled to an automated data processing pipeline developed to extract and analyse luminescence data from over 2000 antibiotic/biosensor combination profiles. RESULTS In addition to quinolones previously reported as inducing the expression of SXT mobility genes, we found that specific antibiotics belonging to other classes, such as imipenem and azithromycin, also behave as inducers. The use of a control set of constitutive biosensors also revealed an unexpected intricate relationship between cell respiration and light production that allowed the identification of antibiotics interfering with the respiration process. CONCLUSIONS The effect of antibiotics goes beyond the interaction with their primary cell targets and may lead to adverse effects such as triggering the dissemination of resistance by MGEs, sometimes in unpredictable ways. Identifying such MGE-triggering antibiotics is of prime importance for better controlling collateral effects during therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cédric Pradalier
- GeorgiaTech Lorraine, CNRS, UMI, 2958 GT-CNRS, F-57070, Metz, France
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Feng G, Huang H, Chen Y. Effects of emerging pollutants on the occurrence and transfer of antibiotic resistance genes: A review. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 420:126602. [PMID: 34273886 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The emergence and spread of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) have become major concerns for both public health and environmental ecosystems. Emerging pollutants (EPs) that accumulate in environmental compartments also pose a potential risk for the enrichment of ARGs in indigenous microorganisms. This paper presents a comprehensive review of the effects and intrinsic mechanisms of EPs, including microplastics, engineered nanomaterials, disinfection byproducts, pharmaceuticals, and personal care products, on the occurrence and dissemination of ARGs. State-of-the-art methods for identifying culture-independent ARG-host interactions and monitoring horizontal gene transfer (HGT) processes in real-time are first reviewed. The contributions of EPs to the abundance and diversity of ARGs are then summarized. Finally, we discussed the underlying mechanisms related to the regulation of HGT, increased mutagenesis, and the evolution of microbial communities. Further details of three HGT (i.e., conjugation, transformation, and transduction) frequency patterns in response to various EPs are also examined. This review contemplates and reassesses the risks of ARG evolution posed by the manufacture and application of EPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanqun Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Haining Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China.
| | - Yinguang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China.
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Liu B, Yu K, Ahmed I, Gin K, Xi B, Wei Z, He Y, Zhang B. Key factors driving the fate of antibiotic resistance genes and controlling strategies during aerobic composting of animal manure: A review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 791:148372. [PMID: 34139488 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Occurrence of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in animal manure impedes the reutilization of manure resources. Aerobic composting is potentially effective method for resource disposal of animal manure, but the fate of ARGs during composting is complicated due to the various material sources and different operating conditions. This review concentrates on the biotic and abiotic factors influencing the variation of ARGs in composting and their potential mechanisms. The dynamic variations of biotic factors, including bacterial community, mobile genetic elements (MGEs) and existence forms of ARGs, are the direct driving factors of the fate of ARGs during composting. However, most key abiotic indicators, including pH, moisture content, antibiotics and heavy metals, interfere with the richness of ARGs indirectly by influencing the succession of bacterial community and abundance of MGEs. The effect of temperature on ARGs depends on whether the ARGs are intracellular or extracellular, which should be paid more attention. The emergence of various controlling strategies renders the composting products safer. Four potential removal mechanisms of ARGs in different controlling strategies have been concluded, encompassing the attenuation of selective/co-selective pressure on ARGs, killing the potential host bacteria of ARGs, reshaping the structure of bacterial community and reducing the cell-to-cell contact of bacteria. With the effective control of ARGs, aerobic composting is suggested to be a sustainable and promising approach to treat animal manure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Botao Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Kaifeng Yu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Imtiaz Ahmed
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Karina Gin
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, National University of Singapore, 1 Engineering Drive 2, Singapore 117576, Singapore
| | - Beidou Xi
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Zimin Wei
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Yiliang He
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
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Dynamic changes of inflammatory response and oxidative stress induced by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in mice. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2021; 41:79-86. [PMID: 34562152 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-021-04349-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
This study is to analyze the dynamic changes of inflammation and oxidative stress in mice infected with MRSA and to provide experimental basis for clinically formulating reasonable treatment plans. We established a model of MRSA infection in mice, detected the fluctuations in the concentration of proinflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress factors with time, and combined with the results of microscopic examination of tissue sections to explain the infection in vivo caused by MRSA. The results showed that on the 1st, 3rd, and 7th day of MRSA infection, the number of leukocytes and eosinophils decreased at first and then increased, monocytes increased continuously, and neutrophils and basophils decreased. At the same time, the levels of proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α increased. The concentration of glutathione peroxide decreased, and the oxidative metabolites increased. Tissue sections also showed that inflammation and oxidative stress occurred in mice. It is obvious that MRSA infection can lead to significant inflammation and oxidative stress. Therefore, while treating MRSA infection, attention should be paid to the levels of inflammation and oxidative stress in different periods to achieve better treatment effects.
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Abstract
To resolve the growing problem of drug resistance in the treatment of bacterial and fungal pathogens, specific cellular targets and pathways can be used as targets for new antimicrobial agents. Endogenous riboflavin biosynthesis is a conserved pathway that exists in most bacteria and fungi. In this review, the roles of endogenous and exogenous riboflavin in infectious disease as well as several antibacterial agents, which act as analogues of the riboflavin biosynthesis pathway, are summarized. In addition, the effects of exogenous riboflavin on immune cells, cytokines, and heat shock proteins are described. Moreover, the immune response of endogenous riboflavin metabolites in infectious diseases, recognized by MHC-related protein-1, and then presented to mucosal associated invariant T cells, is highlighted. This information will provide a strategy to identify novel drug targets as well as highlight the possible clinical use of riboflavin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junwen Lei
- Molecular Biotechnology Platform, Public Center of Experimental Technology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou People's Republic of China
| | - Caiyan Xin
- Molecular Biotechnology Platform, Public Center of Experimental Technology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Xiao
- Molecular Biotechnology Platform, Public Center of Experimental Technology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou People's Republic of China
| | - Wenbi Chen
- Molecular Biotechnology Platform, Public Center of Experimental Technology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou People's Republic of China
| | - Zhangyong Song
- Molecular Biotechnology Platform, Public Center of Experimental Technology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou People's Republic of China
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Boni S, Marin GH, Campaña L, Marin L, Corso A, Risso-Patron S, Gabriel F, Garay V, Limeres M. Disparities in antimicrobial consumption and resistance within a country: the case of beta-lactams in Argentina. Rev Panam Salud Publica 2021; 45:e76. [PMID: 34322161 PMCID: PMC8312146 DOI: 10.26633/rpsp.2021.76] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective. To describe bacterial resistance and antimicrobial consumption ratio at the subnational level in Argentina during 2018, considering beta-lactams group as a case-study. Methods. Antimicrobial consumption was expressed as defined daily doses (DDD)/1000 inhabitants. Resistance of Escherichia coli, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus to beta-lactams was recorded. Resistance/consumption ratio was estimated calculating “R” for each region of Argentina, and this data was compared with other countries. Results. The most widely consumed beta-lactams in Argentina were amoxicillin (3.64) for the penicillin sub-group, cephalexin (0.786) for first generation cephalosporins, cefuroxime (0.022) for second generation; cefixime (0.043) for third generation and cefepime (0.0001) for the fourth generation group. Comparison between beta-lactams consumption and bacterial resistance demonstrated great disparities between the six regions of the country. Conclusions. The case-study of Argentina shows that antimicrobial consumption and resistance of the most common pathogens differed among regions, reflecting different realities within the same country. Because this situation might also be occurring in other countries, this data should be taken into account to target local efforts towards better antimicrobial use, to improve antimicrobial stewardship programs and to propose more suitable sales strategies in order to prevent and control antimicrobial resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Boni
- National Administration of Drugs, Food and Technology Buenos Aires Argentina National Administration of Drugs, Food and Technology, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gustavo H Marin
- National Administration of Drugs, Food and Technology Buenos Aires Argentina National Administration of Drugs, Food and Technology, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,National University La Plata-CUFAR-CONICET La Plata Argentina National University La Plata-CUFAR-CONICET, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Laura Campaña
- National Administration of Drugs, Food and Technology Buenos Aires Argentina National Administration of Drugs, Food and Technology, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Lupe Marin
- National University La Plata-CUFAR-CONICET La Plata Argentina National University La Plata-CUFAR-CONICET, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Alejandra Corso
- Ministry of Health Buenos Aires Argentina Ministry of Health, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Soledad Risso-Patron
- National Administration of Drugs, Food and Technology Buenos Aires Argentina National Administration of Drugs, Food and Technology, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Fernanda Gabriel
- National Administration of Drugs, Food and Technology Buenos Aires Argentina National Administration of Drugs, Food and Technology, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Valeria Garay
- National Administration of Drugs, Food and Technology Buenos Aires Argentina National Administration of Drugs, Food and Technology, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Manuel Limeres
- National Administration of Drugs, Food and Technology Buenos Aires Argentina National Administration of Drugs, Food and Technology, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Tailoring metal-organic frameworks-based nanozymes for bacterial theranostics. Biomaterials 2021; 275:120951. [PMID: 34119883 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2021.120951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2020] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Nanozymes are next-generation artificial enzymes having distinguished features such as cost-effective, enhanced surface area, and high stability. However, limited selectivity and moderate activity of nanozymes in the biochemical environment hindered their usage and encouraged researchers to seek alternative catalytic materials. Recently, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) characterized by distinct crystalline porous structures with large surface area, tunable pores, and uniformly dispersed active sites emerged, that filled the gap between natural enzymes and nanozymes. Moreover, by selecting suitable metal ions and organic linkers, MOFs can be designed for effective bacterial theranostics. In this review, we briefly presented the design and fabrication of MOFs. Then, we demonstrated the applications of MOFs in bacterial theranostics and their safety considerations. Finally, we proposed the major obstacles and opportunities for further development in research on the interface of nanozymes and MOFs. We expect that MOFs based nanozymes with unique physicochemical and intrinsic enzyme-mimicking properties will gain broad interest in both fundamental research and biomedical applications.
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58
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Petca RC, Negoiță S, Mareș C, Petca A, Popescu RI, Chibelean CB. Heterogeneity of Antibiotics Multidrug-Resistance Profile of Uropathogens in Romanian Population. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10050523. [PMID: 34063317 PMCID: PMC8147389 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10050523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are a leading cause of morbidity for both males and females. The overconsumption of antibiotics in general medicine, veterinary, or agriculture has led to a spike in drug-resistant microorganisms; obtaining standardized results is imposed by standard definitions for various categories of drug-resistant bacteria—such as multiple-drug resistant (MDR), extensive drug-resistant (XDR), and pan drug-resistant (PDR). This retrospective study conducted in three university teaching hospitals in Romania has analyzed urine probes from 15,231 patients, of which 698 (4.58%) presented multidrug-resistant strains. Escherichia coli was the leading uropathogen 283 (40.54%), presenting the highest resistance to quinolones (R = 72.08%) and penicillin (R = 66.78%) with the most important patterns of resistance for penicillin, sulfonamides, and quinolones (12.01%) and aminoglycosides, aztreonam, cephalosporins, and quinolones (9.89%). Klebsiella spp. followed—260 (37.24%) with the highest resistance to amoxicillin-clavulanate (R = 94.61%) and cephalosporins (R = 94.23%); the leading patterns were observed for aminoglycosides, aminopenicillins + β-lactams inhibitor, sulfonamides, and cephalosporins (12.69%) and aminoglycosides, aztreonam, cephalosporins, quinolones (9.23%). The insufficient research of MDR strains on the Romanian population is promoting these findings as an important tool for any clinician treating MDR-UTIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Răzvan-Cosmin Petca
- “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Eroii Sanitari Blvd., 050474 Bucharest, Romania; (R.-C.P.); (S.N.); (R.-I.P.)
- Department of Urology, “Prof. Dr. Th. Burghele” Clinical Hospital, 20 Panduri Str., 050659 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Silvius Negoiță
- “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Eroii Sanitari Blvd., 050474 Bucharest, Romania; (R.-C.P.); (S.N.); (R.-I.P.)
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Elias University Hospital, 17 Marasti Blvd., 011461 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Cristian Mareș
- “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Eroii Sanitari Blvd., 050474 Bucharest, Romania; (R.-C.P.); (S.N.); (R.-I.P.)
- Department of Urology, “Prof. Dr. Th. Burghele” Clinical Hospital, 20 Panduri Str., 050659 Bucharest, Romania
- Correspondence: (C.M.); (A.P.); Tel.: +40-745-383-552 (C.M.); +40-745-787-448 (A.P.)
| | - Aida Petca
- “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Eroii Sanitari Blvd., 050474 Bucharest, Romania; (R.-C.P.); (S.N.); (R.-I.P.)
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Elias University Hospital, 17 Marasti Blvd., 011461 Bucharest, Romania
- Correspondence: (C.M.); (A.P.); Tel.: +40-745-383-552 (C.M.); +40-745-787-448 (A.P.)
| | - Răzvan-Ionuț Popescu
- “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Eroii Sanitari Blvd., 050474 Bucharest, Romania; (R.-C.P.); (S.N.); (R.-I.P.)
- Department of Urology, “Prof. Dr. Th. Burghele” Clinical Hospital, 20 Panduri Str., 050659 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Călin Bogdan Chibelean
- George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Targu-Mures, 38 Gheorghe Marinescu Str., 540139 Targu-Mures, Romania;
- Department of Urology, Mureș County Hospital, 1st Gheorghe Marinescu Str., 540136 Targu-Mures, Romania
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Wang L, Yuan L, Li ZH, Zhang X, Sheng GP. Quantifying the occurrence and transformation potential of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS)-associated antibiotic resistance genes in activated sludge. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 408:124428. [PMID: 33160787 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.124428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance has been regarded as a global concern and biological wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are ideal hotbeds for the emergence and propagation of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). Extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), one of the primary components of activated sludge, might affect the distribution of extracellular ARGs in supernatant and EPS matrix, and thus alter their uptake potential by microbial cells. Herein, the presence and significance of EPS-associated ARGs in activated sludge from four WWTPs were assessed. Seven typical ARGs (sulI, sulII, blaTEM-1, tetA, tetO, tetQ, tetW) and class I integron (intI1) in EPS-associated, cell-free, and intracellular DNA were quantified. Results show that the absolute abundances of EPS-associated, cell-free, and intracellular ARGs were 5.90 × 106-6.45 × 109, 5.53 × 104-4.58 × 106, and 2.68 × 108-1.79 × 1011 copies/g-volatile suspended solids, respectively. The absolute abundances of EPS-associated ARGs were 0.2-4.6 orders of magnitude higher than those of the corresponding cell-free ARGs. Considering the higher DNA contents in EPS, the transformation abilities of EPS-associated ARGs were 3.3-236.3 folds higher than those of cell-free ARGs. Therefore, EPS-associated ARGs are an important source of extracellular ARGs, and it may play a crucial role in horizontal gene transfer via transformation in WWTPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China; USTC-CityU Joint Advanced Research Center, Suzhou Research Institute, University of Science and Technology of China, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Li Yuan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China.
| | - Zheng-Hao Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Guo-Ping Sheng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China.
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Nji E, Kazibwe J, Hambridge T, Joko CA, Larbi AA, Damptey LAO, Nkansa-Gyamfi NA, Stålsby Lundborg C, Lien LTQ. High prevalence of antibiotic resistance in commensal Escherichia coli from healthy human sources in community settings. Sci Rep 2021; 11:3372. [PMID: 33564047 PMCID: PMC7873077 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-82693-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance is a global health crisis that requires urgent action to stop its spread. To counteract the spread of antibiotic resistance, we must improve our understanding of the origin and spread of resistant bacteria in both community and healthcare settings. Unfortunately, little attention is being given to contain the spread of antibiotic resistance in community settings (i.e., locations outside of a hospital inpatient, acute care setting, or a hospital clinic setting), despite some studies have consistently reported a high prevalence of antibiotic resistance in the community settings. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of antibiotic resistance in commensal Escherichia coli isolates from healthy humans in community settings in LMICs. Using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, we synthesized studies conducted from 1989 to May 2020. A total of 9363 articles were obtained from the search and prevalence data were extracted from 33 articles and pooled together. This gave a pooled prevalence of antibiotic resistance (top ten antibiotics commonly prescribed in LMICs) in commensal E. coli isolates from human sources in community settings in LMICs of: ampicillin (72% of 13,531 isolates, 95% CI: 65-79), cefotaxime (27% of 6700 isolates, 95% CI: 12-44), chloramphenicol (45% of 7012 isolates, 95% CI: 35-53), ciprofloxacin (17% of 10,618 isolates, 95% CI: 11-25), co-trimoxazole (63% of 10,561 isolates, 95% CI: 52-73), nalidixic acid (30% of 9819 isolates, 95% CI: 21-40), oxytetracycline (78% of 1451 isolates, 95% CI: 65-88), streptomycin (58% of 3831 isolates, 95% CI: 44-72), tetracycline (67% of 11,847 isolates, 95% CI: 59-74), and trimethoprim (67% of 3265 isolates, 95% CI: 59-75). Here, we provided an appraisal of the evidence of the high prevalence of antibiotic resistance by commensal E. coli in community settings in LMICs. Our findings will have important ramifications for public health policy design to contain the spread of antibiotic resistance in community settings. Indeed, commensal E. coli is the main reservoir for spreading antibiotic resistance to other pathogenic enteric bacteria via mobile genetic elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Nji
- BioStruct-Africa, Vårby, 143 43, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Joseph Kazibwe
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Thomas Hambridge
- Department of Public Health, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, 3015 GD, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Carolyn Alia Joko
- BioStruct-Africa, Vårby, 143 43, Stockholm, Sweden
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Amma Aboagyewa Larbi
- BioStruct-Africa, Vårby, 143 43, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, College of Science, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, PMB, Kumasi, Ghana
| | | | | | - Cecilia Stålsby Lundborg
- Health Systems and Policy (HSP): Improving the Use of Medicines, Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, Tomtebodavägen 18A, 17177, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - La Thi Quynh Lien
- Department of Pharmaceutical Management and Pharmaco-Economics, Hanoi University of Pharmacy, 13-15 Le Thanh Tong, Hoan Kiem District, Hanoi, 110403, Vietnam
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Ghosh S, Amariei G, Mosquera MEG, Rosal R. Polymeric ruthenium precursor as a photoactivated antimicrobial agent. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 402:123788. [PMID: 33254797 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.123788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Ruthenium coordination compounds have demonstrated a promising anticancer and antibacterial activity, but their poor water solubility and low stability under physiological conditions may limit their therapeutic applications. Physical encapsulation or covalent conjugation with polymers may overcome these drawbacks, but generally involve multistep reactions and purification processes. In this work, the antibacterial activity of the polymeric precursor dicarbonyldichlororuthenium (II) [Ru(CO)2Cl2]n has been studied against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. This Ru-carbonyl precursor shows minimum inhibitory concentration at nanogram per millilitre, which renders it a novel antimicrobial polymer without any organic ligands. Besides, [Ru(CO)2Cl2]n antimicrobial activity is markedly boosted under photoirradiation, which can be ascribed to the enhanced generation of reactive oxygen species under UV irradiation. [Ru(CO)2Cl2]n has been able to inhibit bacterial growth via the disruption of bacterial membranes and triggering upregulation of stress responses as shown in microscopic measurements. The activity of polymeric ruthenium as an antibacterial material is significant even at 6.6 ng/mL while remaining biocompatible to the mammalian cells at much higher concentrations. This study proves that this simple precursor, [Ru(CO)2Cl2]n, can be used as an antimicrobial compound with high activity and a low toxicity profile in the context of need for new antimicrobial agents to fight bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srabanti Ghosh
- Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry, Instituto de Investigación en Química "Andrés M. del Río" (IQAR), Universidad de Alcalá, Campus Universitario, 28805, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Georgiana Amariei
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Universidad de Alcalá, Campus Universitario, 28805, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta E G Mosquera
- Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry, Instituto de Investigación en Química "Andrés M. del Río" (IQAR), Universidad de Alcalá, Campus Universitario, 28805, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Roberto Rosal
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Universidad de Alcalá, Campus Universitario, 28805, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
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Kumar SB, Arnipalli SR, Ziouzenkova O. Antibiotics in Food Chain: The Consequences for Antibiotic Resistance. Antibiotics (Basel) 2020; 9:antibiotics9100688. [PMID: 33066005 PMCID: PMC7600537 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics9100688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibiotics have been used as essential therapeutics for nearly 100 years and, increasingly, as a preventive agent in the agricultural and animal industry. Continuous use and misuse of antibiotics have provoked the development of antibiotic resistant bacteria that progressively increased mortality from multidrug-resistant bacterial infections, thereby posing a tremendous threat to public health. The goal of our review is to advance the understanding of mechanisms of dissemination and the development of antibiotic resistance genes in the context of nutrition and related clinical, agricultural, veterinary, and environmental settings. We conclude with an overview of alternative strategies, including probiotics, essential oils, vaccines, and antibodies, as primary or adjunct preventive antimicrobial measures or therapies against multidrug-resistant bacterial infections. The solution for antibiotic resistance will require comprehensive and incessant efforts of policymakers in agriculture along with the development of alternative therapeutics by experts in diverse fields of microbiology, biochemistry, clinical research, genetic, and computational engineering.
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63
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Kitichalermkiat A, Katsuki M, Sato J, Sonoda T, Masuda Y, Honjoh KI, Miyamoto T. Effect of epigallocatechin gallate on gene expression of Staphylococcus aureus. J Glob Antimicrob Resist 2020; 22:854-859. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jgar.2020.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2020] [Revised: 04/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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64
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Brovedan MA, Cameranesi MM, Limansky AS, Morán-Barrio J, Marchiaro P, Repizo GD. What do we know about plasmids carried by members of the Acinetobacter genus? World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 36:109. [PMID: 32656745 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-020-02890-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Several Acinetobacter spp. act as opportunistic pathogens causing healthcare-associated infections worldwide, and in this respect their ability to resist antimicrobial compounds has certainly boosted up their global propagation. Acinetobacter clinical strains have demonstrated a remarkable ability to evolve and become resistant to almost all available drugs in the antimicrobial arsenal, including the last-resort carbapenem β-lactams. The dissemination of antimicrobial resistant genes (ARG), heavy metals-detoxification systems and other traits such as virulence factors is facilitated by mobile genetic elements (MGE) through horizontal gene transfer. Among them, plasmids have been shown to play a critical role in this genus. Despite the continuous increase of Acinetobacter plasmid sequences present in databases, there are no reports describing the basic traits carried by these MGE. To fill this gap, a broad analysis of the Acinetobacter plasmidome was performed. A search for Acinetobacter complete plasmids indicated that 905 sequences have been deposited in the NCBI-GenBank public database, of which 492 are harbored by Acinetobacter baumannii strains. Plasmid-classification schemes based on Rep proteins homology have so far described 23 different groups for A. baumannii (GR1-23), and 16 Acinetobacter Rep3 Groups (AR3G1-16) for the complete genus. Acinetobacter plasmids size ranges from 1.3 to 400 kb. Interestingly, widespread plasmids which are < 20 kb make up 56% of the total present in members of this genus. This led to the proposal of Acinetobacter plasmid assignation to two groups according to their size (< 20 kb and > 20 kb). Usually, smaller plasmids are not self-transmissible, and thereby employ alternative mechanisms of dissemination. For instance, a subgroup of < 20 kb-plasmids belonging to the pRAY-family, lack a rep gene, but encode a relaxase enabling their mobilization by conjugative plasmids. Other subgroup, including small GR2 Acinetobacter plasmids, does not encode a relaxase gene. However, they could still be mobilized by conjugative plasmids which recognize an oriT region carried by these small plasmids. Also, these < 20 kb-plasmids usually carry accessory genes bordered by XerC/D-recombinases recognition sites which have been hypothesized to mediate plasmid plasticity. Conversely, many cases of larger plasmids are self-transmissible and might encode virulence factors and their regulators, thus controlling strain pathogenicity. The ARGs carried by the > 20 kb-plasmids are usually encoded within other MGEs such as transposons, or as part of integrons. It has been recently noted that some of the > 20 kb-plasmids are derived from excised phages, and thus dubbed as phage-like plasmids. All in all, the plethora of plasmids found in strains of this genus and the multiple strategies promoting their evolution and dissemination have certainly contributed to survival of the Acinetobacter members in different habitats, including the clinical environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco A Brovedan
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario (IBR, CONICET), Laboratorio de Resistencia a Antimicrobianos, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
| | - María M Cameranesi
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario (IBR, CONICET), Laboratorio de Resistencia a Antimicrobianos, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Adriana S Limansky
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario (IBR, CONICET), Laboratorio de Resistencia a Antimicrobianos, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Jorgelina Morán-Barrio
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario (IBR, CONICET), Laboratorio de Resistencia a Antimicrobianos, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Patricia Marchiaro
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario (IBR, CONICET), Laboratorio de Resistencia a Antimicrobianos, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Guillermo D Repizo
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario (IBR, CONICET), Laboratorio de Resistencia a Antimicrobianos, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina.
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65
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Soler N, Forterre P. Vesiduction: the fourth way of HGT. Environ Microbiol 2020; 22:2457-2460. [PMID: 32363801 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.15056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Revised: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Besides the canonical gene transfer mechanisms transformation, transduction and conjugation, DNA transfer involving extracellular vesicles is still under appreciated. However, this widespread phenomenon has been observed in the three domains of life. Here, we propose the term 'Vesiduction' as a fourth mode of intercellular DNA transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Soler
- Université de Lorraine, INRAE, DynAMic, Nancy, F-54000, France
| | - Patrick Forterre
- Département de Microbiologie, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.,Department of Microbiology, Cellular Biology of Archaea, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Univ Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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66
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Crawford CL, Dalecki AG, Perez MD, Schaaf K, Wolschendorf F, Kutsch O. A copper-dependent compound restores ampicillin sensitivity in multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Sci Rep 2020; 10:8955. [PMID: 32488067 PMCID: PMC7265353 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-65978-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Multi-drug resistant Staphylococcus aureus, including methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA), has become a worldwide, major health care problem. While initially restricted to clinical settings, drug resistant S. aureus is now one of the key causative agents of community-acquired infections. We have previously demonstrated that copper dependent inhibitors (CDIs), a class of antibiotics that are only active in the presence of copper ions, are effective bactericidal agents against MRSA. A second-generation CDI, APT-6K, exerted bactericidal activity at nanomolar concentrations. At sub-bactericidal concentrations, it effectively synergized with ampicillin to reverse drug resistance in multiple MRSA strains. APT-6K had a favorable therapeutic index when tested on eukaryotic cells (TI: > 30) and, unlike some previously reported CDIs, did not affect mitochondrial activity. These results further establish inhibitors that are activated by the binding of transition metal ions as a promising class of antibiotics, and for the first time, describe their ability to reverse existing drug resistance against clinically relevant antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cameron L Crawford
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Alex G Dalecki
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Mildred D Perez
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Kaitlyn Schaaf
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Frank Wolschendorf
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Olaf Kutsch
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
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67
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Kucukunsal S, Icgen B. Removal of antibiotic resistance genes in various water resources recovery facilities. WATER ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH : A RESEARCH PUBLICATION OF THE WATER ENVIRONMENT FEDERATION 2020; 92:911-921. [PMID: 31845454 DOI: 10.1002/wer.1286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Water resources recovery facilities (WWTPs) are hotspots for antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and pose a significant threat to environments. Therefore, ARG removal efficiencies of WWTPs are of great importance. In this study, conventional activated sludge (CAS), biological nutrient removal (BNR), sequencing batch reactor (SBR), membrane bioreactor (MBR), package MBR, and WWTP with coagulation-flocculation and UV disinfection units were investigated in terms of their removal efficiencies on overall bacterial genes with 16S rDNA and seven ARGs including the genes aadA, blaCTX-M , cmlA, ermB, sul1, tetA, and qnrS corresponding to commonly used antibiotics aminoglycosides, β-lactams, amphenicols, macrolides-lincosamides-streptogramins, sulfonamides-trimethoprim, tetracyclines, and quinolones, respectively. Seasonal abundance of overall genes and ARGs in influents and effluents of each WWTPs was determined by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Membrane bioreactor and package MBR systems showed the highest removal efficiency up to 5-log reductions. Seasonal changes affected ARG removal efficiencies of BNR and CAS significantly (p < 0.05). The lowest log reductions were determined in summer for BNR and in both autumn and winter for CAS. The abundance of the genes increased in sludge treatment of CAS. In all WWTPs tested, ARG removal rates were correlated with the 16S rDNA gene removal (p > 0.05). The results elucidated that the removal mechanism was not ARG-specific. PRACTITIONER POINTS: Removal of genes in WWTPs was found to be not ARG-specific. MBR and package MBR systems had the highest gene removal efficiencies. Effluents of the MBR systems still retained up to 104 gene copy number/ml. Removal of genes in CAS and BNR systems showed seasonal variations. The copy numbers of the genes increased in the sludge of CAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serkan Kucukunsal
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Bulent Icgen
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey
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68
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Recent developments in environmental mercury bioremediation and its toxicity: A review. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enmm.2020.100283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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69
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Tang Z, Xi B, Huang C, Tan W, Li W, Zhao X, Liu K, Xia X. Mobile genetic elements in potential host microorganisms are the key hindrance for the removal of antibiotic resistance genes in industrial-scale composting with municipal solid waste. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 301:122723. [PMID: 31962245 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.122723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Revised: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
During the municipal solid waste (MSW) composting, antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) could be one of the concerns to hinder the application of MSW composting. However, the understanding of enrichment and dissemination of ARGs during the industrial-scale composting is still not clear. Hence, this study aimed to investigate the ARG distributions at different stages in an industrial-scale MSW composting plant. Seven target ARGs and four target mobile genetic elements (MGEs) and bacterial communities were investigated. The abundances of ARGs and MGEs increased during two aerobic thermophilic stages, but they decreased in most ARGs and MGEs after composting. Network analysis showed that potential host bacteria of ARGs were mainly Firmicutes and Actinobacteria. The reduction of potential host bacteria was important to remove ARGs. MGEs were an important factor hindering ARG removal. Water-extractable S and pH were two main physicochemical factors in the changes of microbial community and the abundance of ARGs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhurui Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; Innovation Base of Ground Water & Environmental System Engineering, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Beidou Xi
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; Innovation Base of Ground Water & Environmental System Engineering, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Caihong Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; Innovation Base of Ground Water & Environmental System Engineering, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China.
| | - Wenbing Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; Innovation Base of Ground Water & Environmental System Engineering, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Wenxuan Li
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117576, Republic of Singapore
| | - Xinyu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; Innovation Base of Ground Water & Environmental System Engineering, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Kexin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; Innovation Base of Ground Water & Environmental System Engineering, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Xiangqin Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; Innovation Base of Ground Water & Environmental System Engineering, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
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70
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Merlin C. Reducing the Consumption of Antibiotics: Would That Be Enough to Slow Down the Dissemination of Resistances in the Downstream Environment? Front Microbiol 2020; 11:33. [PMID: 32047488 PMCID: PMC6997526 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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71
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Abstract
The study of hospital wastewater (HWW) microbiology is important to understand the pollution load, growth of particular pathogenic microbes, shift and drift in microbial community, development and spread of antibiotic resistance in microbes, and subsequent change in treatment efficiencies. This chapter investigates the potential microbes such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites present in HWW along with the diseases associated and methods of treatment used. Due to the indiscriminate release of antibiotics from hospitals, HWW serves as a hotspot for emergence of antibiotic-resistance genes (ARGs) and antibiotic-resistance bacteria. This chapter discusses the ARGs occurrence in HWW, their prevalence in the environment, the molecular tools used for identification, and different mechanisms of horizontal gene transfer. Thus better understanding of the microbiology of HWW could further help in development of advanced treatment technologies for effective removal of microbes and their bioproducts (toxins and infectious nucleic acid) from HWW and contaminated water.
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72
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Farkaš M, Glažar Ivče D, Stojanović S, Mavrinac M, Mićović V, Tambić Andrašević A. Parental Knowledge and Awareness Linked to Antibiotic Use and Resistance: Comparison of Urban and Rural Population in Croatia. Microb Drug Resist 2019; 25:1430-1436. [PMID: 31314687 DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2018.0424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: To investigate the differences in parental knowledge, attitudes, and practice about antibiotic use and resistance among the urban and rural populations in Croatia. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study based on a structured questionnaire was distributed to 1,000 parents of children attending 11 elementary schools of Primorsko-Goranska County in 2017. Results: The overall response rate was 65.1% (651/1,000)-50.6% (253/500) in urban and 79.6% (398/500) in rural population. Urban parents had a higher overall knowledge about antibiotics (p < 0.001), while urban and rural parents held mostly similar knowledge and attitudes related to antibiotic use when split into individual statements (p > 0.05). Age, education, income, work, and family member working in a health-related field were significantly related with the overall knowledge about antibiotics. In the previous year, 28.2% of children and 28.9% of parents reported using an antibiotic. Croatian parents had a high level of trust in doctors' antibiotic-prescribing practices (96.3% reported trusting the doctors' decision not to prescribe antibiotics, 93.5% to prescribe antibiotics) and high awareness of antimicrobial resistance (94.8%). The public's misconception regarding the terms "bacteria" and "virus" was found in 15.5% of parents. The source of information about antimicrobial resistance was television (60.4%), internet (57.1%), newspapers (44.2%), and medical professionals (30.9%). Conclusions: Although the knowledge about antibiotics was higher in urban parents, it was not reflected on the level of antibiotic consumption. There are indications that medical professionals should be more involved in communicating the problems of antibiotic use and resistance to patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maja Farkaš
- Department of Microbiology, Teaching Institute of Public Health of Primorsko-Goranska County, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Daniela Glažar Ivče
- Department of School and University Medicine, Teaching Institute of Public Health of Primorsko-Goranska County, Rijeka, Croatia.,Department of Epidemiology, Teaching Institute of Public Health of Primorsko-Goranska County, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Senka Stojanović
- Department of School and University Medicine, Teaching Institute of Public Health of Primorsko-Goranska County, Rijeka, Croatia.,Department of Epidemiology, Teaching Institute of Public Health of Primorsko-Goranska County, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Martina Mavrinac
- Department of Medical Informatics, University of Rijeka Faculty of Medicine, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Vladimir Mićović
- Department of Environmental Health, University of Rijeka Faculty of Medicine, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Arjana Tambić Andrašević
- Division of Bacteriology and Hospital Infections, Department of Clinical Microbiology, University Hospital for Infectious Diseases "Dr. Fran Mihaljević," Zagreb, Croatia
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73
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Synthesis, structure and antibacterial activity of a copper(II) coordination polymer based on thiophene-2,5-dicarboxylate ligand. Polyhedron 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2019.03.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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74
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Cheng RA, Eade CR, Wiedmann M. Embracing Diversity: Differences in Virulence Mechanisms, Disease Severity, and Host Adaptations Contribute to the Success of Nontyphoidal Salmonella as a Foodborne Pathogen. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:1368. [PMID: 31316476 PMCID: PMC6611429 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Not all Salmonella enterica serovars cause the same disease. S. enterica represents an incredibly diverse species comprising >2,600 unique serovars. While some S. enterica serovars are host-restricted, others infect a wide range of hosts. The diseases that nontyphoidal Salmonella (NTS) serovars cause vary considerably, with some serovars being significantly more likely to cause invasive disease in humans than others. Furthermore, while genomic analyses have advanced our understanding of the genetic diversity of these serovars, they have not been able to fully account for the observed clinical differences. One overarching challenge is that much of what is known about Salmonella's general biology and virulence strategies is concluded from studies examining a select few serovars, especially serovar Typhimurium. As targeted control strategies have been implemented to control select serovars, an increasing number of foodborne outbreaks involving serovars that are less frequently associated with human clinical illness are being detected. Harnessing what is known about the diversity of NTS serovars represents an important factor in achieving the ultimate goal of reducing salmonellosis-associated morbidity and mortality worldwide. In this review we summarize the current understanding of the differences and similarities among NTS serovars, highlighting the virulence mechanisms, genetic differences, and sources that characterize S. enterica diversity and contribute to its success as a foodborne pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel A. Cheng
- Department of Food Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Colleen R. Eade
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, United States
| | - Martin Wiedmann
- Department of Food Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
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75
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Mescola A, Marín-Medina N, Ragazzini G, Accolla M, Alessandrini A. Magainin-H2 effects on the permeabilization and mechanical properties of giant unilamellar vesicles. J Colloid Interface Sci 2019; 553:247-258. [PMID: 31207545 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2019.06.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Revised: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/09/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Among the potential novel therapeutics to treat bacterial infections, antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are a very promising substitute due to their broad-spectrum activity and rapid bactericidal action. AMPs strongly interact with the bacterial membrane, and the need to have a correct understanding of the interaction between AMPs and lipid bilayers at a molecular level prompted a wealth of experimental and theoretical studies exploiting a variety of AMPs. Here, we studied the effects of magainin H2 (Mag H2), an analog of the well-known magainin 2 (wt Mag 2) AMP endowed with a higher degree of hydrophobicity, on giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs) concentrating on its permeabilization activity and the effect on the lipid bilayer mechanical properties. We demonstrated that the increased hydrophobicity of Mag H2 affects its selectivity conferring a strong permeabilization activity also on zwitterionic lipid bilayers. Moreover, when lipid mixtures including PG lipids are considered, PG has a protective effect, at variance from wt Mag 2, suggesting that for Mag H2 the monolayer curvature could prevail over the peptide-membrane electrostatic interaction. We then mechanically characterized GUVs by measuring the effect of Mag H2 on the bending constant of lipid bilayers by flickering spectroscopy and, by using micropipette aspiration technique, we followed the steps leading to vesicle permeabilization. We found that Mag H2, notwithstanding its enhanced hydrophobicity, has a pore formation mechanism compatible with the toroidal pore model similar to that of wt Mag 2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Mescola
- CNR-Nanoscience Institute-S3, Via Campi 213/A, 41125 Modena, Italy.
| | - Nathaly Marín-Medina
- Department of Physics, University of Los Andes, Carrera 1 N° 18A - 12, Bogotá, Colombia.
| | - Gregorio Ragazzini
- CNR-Nanoscience Institute-S3, Via Campi 213/A, 41125 Modena, Italy; Department of Physics, Informatics and Mathematics, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 213/A, 41125 Modena, Italy.
| | - Maurizio Accolla
- Department of Physics, Informatics and Mathematics, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 213/A, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Andrea Alessandrini
- CNR-Nanoscience Institute-S3, Via Campi 213/A, 41125 Modena, Italy; Department of Physics, Informatics and Mathematics, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 213/A, 41125 Modena, Italy.
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76
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Lee PC, Chu CC, Tsai YJ, Chuang YC, Lung FD. Design, synthesis, and antimicrobial activities of novel functional peptides against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Chem Biol Drug Des 2019; 94:1537-1544. [PMID: 31059203 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.13535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Revised: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The extensive use of antibiotics in medicine results in the multidrug resistance of bacteria, making the development of new antimicrobial agents an urgent need. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are considered as a new class of antibiotic with characteristics including an ability to kill target cells rapidly and a broad spectrum of activity. We have developed a potent antimicrobial peptide MAP-0403 (MIC = 5 μM), but it exhibited a high hemolytic side-effect (70.7%). To reduce its hemolytic effect and increase antimicrobial activity, three peptides derivatives of MAP-0403 (J-1, J-2, and J-3) were designed, synthesized by solid phase synthesis, purified by RP-HPLC, and characterized by MALDI-TOF MS. Structure-activity relationships of these peptides were studied by using circular dichroism and antimicrobial assays. The percentage of helical structure in J-1, J-2, and J-3 was lower than that of MAP-0403. The antimicrobial activity of J-1 was the same as that of MAP-0403 (MIC = 5 μM), J-2 exhibited the highest activity (MIC = 2.5 μM), while J-3 showed decreased activity (MIC = 10 μM). Compared to MAP-0403, J-2 showed significantly reduced hemolytic effect (3.4%), while J-1 and J-3 showed slightly decreased hemolytic effect (46.2%, 55.6%, respectively). Peptide J-2 was discovered as a novel and potent antimicrobial agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping-Chien Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Tunghai University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Chun Chu
- Department of Chemistry, Tunghai University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Je Tsai
- Department of Chemistry, Tunghai University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Chu Chuang
- Department of Chemistry, Tunghai University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Feng-Di Lung
- Department of Chemistry, Tunghai University, Taichung, Taiwan
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77
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Affiliation(s)
- Bowen Yang
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Yu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, P. R. China
| | - Jianlin Shi
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, P. R. China
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78
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Patsilinakos A, Artini M, Papa R, Sabatino M, Božović M, Garzoli S, Vrenna G, Buzzi R, Manfredini S, Selan L, Ragno R. Machine Learning Analyses on Data including Essential Oil Chemical Composition and In Vitro Experimental Antibiofilm Activities against Staphylococcus Species. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24050890. [PMID: 30832446 PMCID: PMC6429525 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24050890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2019] [Revised: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Biofilm resistance to antimicrobials is a complex phenomenon, driven not only by genetic mutation induced resistance, but also by means of increased microbial cell density that supports horizontal gene transfer across cells. The prevention of biofilm formation and the treatment of existing biofilms is currently a difficult challenge; therefore, the discovery of new multi-targeted or combinatorial therapies is growing. The development of anti-biofilm agents is considered of major interest and represents a key strategy as non-biocidal molecules are highly valuable to avoid the rapid appearance of escape mutants. Among bacteria, staphylococci are predominant causes of biofilm-associated infections. Staphylococci, especially Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is an extraordinarily versatile pathogen that can survive in hostile environmental conditions, colonize mucous membranes and skin, and can cause severe, non-purulent, toxin-mediated diseases or invasive pyogenic infections in humans. Staphylococcus epidermidis (S. epidermidis) has also emerged as an important opportunistic pathogen in infections associated with medical devices (such as urinary and intravascular catheters, orthopaedic implants, etc.), causing approximately from 30% to 43% of joint prosthesis infections. The scientific community is continuously looking for new agents endowed of anti-biofilm capabilities to fight S. aureus and S epidermidis infections. Interestingly, several reports indicated in vitro efficacy of non-biocidal essential oils (EOs) as promising treatment to reduce bacterial biofilm production and prevent the inducing of drug resistance. In this report were analyzed 89 EOs with the objective of investigating their ability to modulate bacterial biofilm production of different S. aureus and S. epidermidis strains. Results showed the assayed EOs to modulated the biofilm production with unpredictable results for each strain. In particular, many EOs acted mainly as biofilm inhibitors in the case of S. epidermidis strains, while for S. aureus strains, EOs induced either no effect or stimulate biofilm production. In order to elucidate the obtained experimental results, machine learning (ML) algorithms were applied to the EOs’ chemical compositions and the determined associated anti-biofilm potencies. Statistically robust ML models were developed, and their analysis in term of feature importance and partial dependence plots led to indicating those chemical components mainly responsible for biofilm production, inhibition or stimulation for each studied strain, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandros Patsilinakos
- Rome Center for Molecular Design, Department of Drug Chemistry and Technology, Sapienza University, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy.
- Alchemical Dynamics s.r.l., 00125 Rome, Italy.
| | - Marco Artini
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy.
| | - Rosanna Papa
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy.
| | | | - Mijat Božović
- Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, University of Montenegro, Podgorica, Montenegro.
| | - Stefania Garzoli
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technology, Sapienza University, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy.
| | - Gianluca Vrenna
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy.
| | - Raissa Buzzi
- Master Course in Cosmetic Sciences, Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.
| | - Stefano Manfredini
- Master Course in Cosmetic Sciences, Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.
| | - Laura Selan
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy.
| | - Rino Ragno
- Rome Center for Molecular Design, Department of Drug Chemistry and Technology, Sapienza University, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy.
- Alchemical Dynamics s.r.l., 00125 Rome, Italy.
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79
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Sun L, Liu S, Wang J, Wang L. Analysis of Risk Factors for Multiantibiotic-Resistant Infections Among Surgical Patients at a Children's Hospital. Microb Drug Resist 2019; 25:297-303. [PMID: 30676248 PMCID: PMC6441314 DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2018.0279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To identify the potential risk factors for multiantibiotic-resistant infections and provide sufficient evidence for multiantibiotic resistance prevention and control. MATERIALS AND METHODS We conducted a retrospective study of all patients in pediatric orthopedics, pediatric heart surgery, and pediatric general surgery at a level 3, grade A children's hospital from January to December 2016. The clinical laboratory information monitoring system and the medical record system were used to collect patient information regarding age, surgery type, preoperative length of stay, admission season, incision type, preoperative infection, intraoperative blood loss, postoperative use of invasive equipment, duration of catheter drainage, and timepoint of intraoperative prophylactic antibiotics administration. We used logistic univariate and multivariate regression analysis to analyze the potential risk factors for multiantibiotic-resistant infections among pediatric surgical patients. SPSS 21.0 and Excel software packages were used for the statistical analysis. RESULTS In total, 2,973 patients met the inclusion criteria: 1,247 patients in pediatric orthopedics, 1,089 patients in pediatric heart surgery, and 637 patients in pediatric general surgery. At the end of the study, 113 patients were multiantibiotic-resistant infection cases; the rate of multiantibiotic-resistant infections was 3.80%, and the detection rate was 84.79%. Multivariate analysis indicated that the multiantibiotic-resistant infection cases were influenced by age, department, admission season, incision type, preoperative infection, and duration of catheter drainage. CONCLUSIONS Age, department, admission season, incision type, preoperative infection, and duration of catheter drainage may provide possible evidence for prevention and control strategies of multiantibiotic-resistant infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixin Sun
- Management of Hospital Infection Control, Children's Hospital of Hebei Province Affiliated to Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Suzhe Liu
- Management of Hospital Infection Control, Children's Hospital of Hebei Province Affiliated to Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Jingming Wang
- Management of Hospital Infection Control, Children's Hospital of Hebei Province Affiliated to Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Liqun Wang
- Management of Hospital Infection Control, Children's Hospital of Hebei Province Affiliated to Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
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80
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Kitichalermkiat A, Kurahachi M, Nonaka A, Nakayama M, Shimatani K, Shigemune N, Tsugukuni T, Hitomi J, Sato J, Sonoda T, Masuda Y, Honjoh KI, Miyamoto T. Effects of Epigallocatechin Gallate on Viability and Cellular Proteins of Staphylococcus aureus. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH 2019. [DOI: 10.3136/fstr.25.277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Apisada Kitichalermkiat
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Graduate School, Kyushu University
| | - Masahiro Kurahachi
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Graduate School, Kyushu University
| | - Ai Nonaka
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Graduate School, Kyushu University
| | | | | | | | | | - Jun Hitomi
- Safety Science Research, R&D, Kao Corporation
| | - Jun Sato
- Safety Science Research, R&D, Kao Corporation
| | | | - Yoshimitsu Masuda
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Graduate School, Kyushu University
| | - Ken-ichi Honjoh
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Graduate School, Kyushu University
| | - Takahisa Miyamoto
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Graduate School, Kyushu University
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81
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Altaf IUK, Khan A, Mahboob A. Antimicrobial resistance and a diminishing pool of reserved antibiotics. SAO PAULO MED J 2019; 137:384-385. [PMID: 31553362 PMCID: PMC9744012 DOI: 10.1590/1516-3180.2019.0368120619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ihsan Ullah Khan Altaf
- PharmD, MPhil. Doctoral Student, Department of Pharmacy, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan. Pharmacist, Bacha Khan Medical Complex, Swabi, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.
| | - Ahmad Khan
- BPharm, MPhil, PhD. Assistant Professor, Department of Pharmacy, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan.
| | - Amjad Mahboob
- MBBS, FCPS (Medicine), FCPS (Infectious Diseases). Assistant Professor and Infectious Disease Specialist, Bacha Khan Medical Complex, Swabi, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.
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82
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Nayeemul Bari SM, Hatoum-Aslan A. CRISPR-Cas10 assisted editing of virulent staphylococcal phages. Methods Enzymol 2018; 616:385-409. [PMID: 30691652 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2018.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Phages are the most abundant entities in the biosphere and profoundly impact the bacterial populations within and around us. They attach to a specific host, inject their DNA, hijack the host's cellular processes, and replicate exponentially while destroying the host. Historically, phages have been exploited as powerful antimicrobials, and phage-derived proteins have constituted the basis for numerous biotechnological applications. Only in recent years have metagenomic studies revealed that phage genomes harbor a rich reservoir of genetic diversity, which might afford further therapeutic and/or biotechnological value. Nevertheless, functions for the majority of phage genes remain unknown, and due to their swift and destructive replication cycle, many phages are intractable by current genetic engineering techniques. Whether to advance the basic understanding of phage biology or to tap into their potential applications, efficient methods for phage genetic engineering are needed. Recent reports have shown that CRISPR-Cas systems, a class of prokaryotic immune systems that protect against phage infection, can be harnessed to engineer diverse phages. In this chapter, we describe methods to genetically manipulate virulent phages using CRISPR-Cas10, a Type III-A CRISPR-Cas system native to Staphylococcus epidermidis. A method for engineering phages that infect a CRISPR-less Staphylococcus aureus host is also described. Both approaches have proved successful in isolating desired phage mutants with 100% efficiency, demonstrating that CRISPR-Cas10 constitutes a powerful tool for phage genetic engineering. The relatively widespread presence of Type III CRISPR-Cas systems in bacteria and archaea imply that similar strategies may be used to manipulate the genomes of diverse prokaryotic viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Nayeemul Bari
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, United States
| | - Asma Hatoum-Aslan
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, United States.
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83
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Potential role of a series of lysine-/leucine-rich antimicrobial peptide in inhibiting lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation. Biochem J 2018; 475:3687-3706. [DOI: 10.1042/bcj20180483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Revised: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides have broad-spectrum killing activities against bacteria, enveloped viruses, fungi and several parasites via cell membrane permeation and exhibit primarily immunomodulatory and anti-infective functions in their interactions with host cells. However, the mechanism underlying their anti-inflammatory activity remains to be elucidated. L-K6, an analog of temporin-1CEb isolated from the skin secretion of Rana chensinensis, has demonstrated a wide range of antimicrobial activities against gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. In this study, the potent anti-inflammatory mechanism of L-K6 and its analogs in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated human macrophage U937 cells were evaluated. We found that L-K6 suppressed the expression of inflammatory factors by two downstream signaling components in the MyD88-dependent pathway, including the mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and the NF (nuclear factor)-κB signaling pathway, but its analog L-K5, which had the same amino acid sequence as L-K6 but no Lys residue at the –COOH terminal, only inhibited the phosphorylation of I-κB and NF-κB. Importantly, L-K6 and L-K5 were actively taken up by U937 cells through an independent cell membrane disruption mechanism and were eventually localized to the perinuclear region. The L-K6 uptake process was mediated by endocytosis, but L-K5 was specifically taken up by U937 cells via TLR4 endocytosis. Our results demonstrated that L-K6 can neutralize LPS and diassociate LPS micelles to inhibit LPS from triggering the proinflammatory signaling pathway, and by partially inhibiting inflammatory responses by the intracellular target. However, L-K5 may mainly inhibit proinflammatory responses by intracellular reporters to modulate the NF-κB signaling pathway.
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84
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Wang J, Ma K, Ruan M, Wang Y, Li Y, Fu YV, Song Y, Sun H, Wang J. A novel cecropin B-derived peptide with antibacterial and potential anti-inflammatory properties. PeerJ 2018; 6:e5369. [PMID: 30065898 PMCID: PMC6064198 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.5369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Cecropins, originally found in insects, are a group of cationic antimicrobial peptides. Most cecropins have an amphipathic N-terminal segment and a largely hydrophobic C-terminal segment, and normally form a helix-hinge-helix structure. In this study, we developed the novel 32-residue cecropin-like peptide cecropin DH by deleting the hinge region (Alanine-Glycine-Proline) of cecropin B isolated from Chinese oak silk moth, Antheraea pernyi. Cecropin DH possesses effective antibacterial activity, particularly against Gram-negative bacteria, with very low cytotoxicity against mammalian cells. Interactions between cecropin DH and the highly anionic lipopolysaccharide (LPS) component of the Gram-negative bacterial outer membrane indicate that it is capable of dissociating LPS micelles and disrupting LPS aggregates into smaller assemblies, which may play a vital role in its antimicrobial activity. Using LPS-stimulated mouse macrophage RAW264.7 cells, we found that cecropin DH exerted higher potential anti-inflammatory activity than cecropin B, as demonstrated by the inhibition of pro-inflammatory cytokines nitric oxide production and secretion of tumor necrosis factor-α. In conclusion, cecropin DH has potential as a therapeutic agent for both antibacterial and anti-inflammatory applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiarong Wang
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China.,Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China
| | - Kun Ma
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China.,Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China
| | - Maosen Ruan
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China.,Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China
| | - Yujuan Wang
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China.,Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China
| | - Yan Li
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China.,Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China.,The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Yu V Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institution of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yonghong Song
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
| | - Hongbin Sun
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China.,Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China.,School of Food and Biological Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Junfeng Wang
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China.,Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China.,Institute of Physical Science and information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, China
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85
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Dsouza R, Won J, Monroy GL, Hill MC, Porter RG, Novak MA, Boppart SA. In vivo detection of nanometer-scale structural changes of the human tympanic membrane in otitis media. Sci Rep 2018; 8:8777. [PMID: 29884809 PMCID: PMC5993811 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-26514-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Otitis media (OM) is a common ear infection and a leading cause of conductive hearing loss in the pediatric population. Current technologies such as otoscopy, pneumatic otoscopy, tympanometry, and acoustic reflectometry are used to diagnose OM, which can reasonably diagnose the infection with a sensitivity and specificity of 50-90% and 60-90%, respectively. However, these techniques provide limited information about the physical architecture of the tympanic membrane (TM), or what may lie behind it. Here, we report the detection of nanometer-scale structural changes of the TM using nano-sensitive optical coherence tomography (nsOCT). In total, an image dataset from 65 pediatric subjects from three different groups (normal, acute OM, and chronic OM) and with longitudinal image-based analysis of ear infections were included in this study. The nsOCT data were correlated with physician diagnosis and with OCT thickness measurements and were found to be in good agreement with these results. We report that nsOCT detects in vivo structural deformations of the TM earlier than OCT alone, and enhances the detection sensitivity of OCT measurements. This unique technique for early detection of nano-scale structural modifications in the TM has the potential to aid in our understanding of microbiological effects, and possibly for early diagnosis and more effective treatment of OM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roshan Dsouza
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Jungeun Won
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Guillermo L Monroy
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Malcolm C Hill
- Department of Pediatrics, Carle Foundation Hospital, Urbana, Illinois, USA
- Carle-Illinois College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Ryan G Porter
- Carle-Illinois College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
- Department of Otolaryngology, Carle Foundation Hospital, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Michael A Novak
- Carle-Illinois College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
- Department of Otolaryngology, Carle Foundation Hospital, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Stephen A Boppart
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA.
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA.
- Carle-Illinois College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA.
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA.
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86
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Abstract
This narrative review summarises the benefits, risks and appropriate use of acid-suppressing drugs (ASDs), proton pump inhibitors and histamine-2 receptor antagonists, advocating a rationale balanced and individualised approach aimed to minimise any serious adverse consequences. It focuses on current controversies on the potential of ASDs to contribute to infections-bacterial, parasitic, fungal, protozoan and viral, particularly in the elderly, comprehensively and critically discusses the growing body of observational literature linking ASD use to a variety of enteric, respiratory, skin and systemic infectious diseases and complications (Clostridium difficile diarrhoea, pneumonia, spontaneous bacterial peritonitis, septicaemia and other). The proposed pathogenic mechanisms of ASD-associated infections (related and unrelated to the inhibition of gastric acid secretion, alterations of the gut microbiome and immunity), and drug-drug interactions are also described. Both probiotics use and correcting vitamin D status may have a significant protective effect decreasing the incidence of ASD-associated infections, especially in the elderly. Despite the limitations of the existing data, the importance of individualised therapy and caution in long-term ASD use considering the balance of benefits and potential harms, factors that may predispose to and actions that may prevent/attenuate adverse effects is evident. A six-step practical algorithm for ASD therapy based on the best available evidence is presented.
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87
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Kumar M, Curtis A, Hoskins C. Application of Nanoparticle Technologies in the Combat against Anti-Microbial Resistance. Pharmaceutics 2018; 10:pharmaceutics10010011. [PMID: 29342903 PMCID: PMC5874824 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics10010011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Revised: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Anti-microbial resistance is a growing problem that has impacted the world and brought about the beginning of the end for the old generation of antibiotics. Increasingly, more antibiotics are being prescribed unnecessarily and this reckless practice has resulted in increased resistance towards these drugs, rendering them useless against infection. Nanotechnology presents a potential answer to anti-microbial resistance, which could stimulate innovation and create a new generation of antibiotic treatments for future medicines. Preserving existing antibiotic activity through novel formulation into or onto nanotechnologies can increase clinical longevity of action against infection. Additionally, the unique physiochemical properties of nanoparticles can provide new anti-bacterial modes of action which can also be explored. Simply concentrating on antibiotic prescribing habits will not resolve the issue but rather mitigate it. Thus, new scientific approaches through the development of novel antibiotics and formulations is required in order to employ a new generation of therapies to combat anti-microbial resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayur Kumar
- School of Pharmacy, Institute of Science and Technology for Medicine, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire ST5 6DB, UK.
| | - Anthony Curtis
- School of Pharmacy, Institute of Science and Technology for Medicine, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire ST5 6DB, UK.
| | - Clare Hoskins
- School of Pharmacy, Institute of Science and Technology for Medicine, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire ST5 6DB, UK.
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88
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Alam MS, Chakraborty S, Rahman T, Hosen MI, Paul A, Hasan AKMM, Hossain MA. Investigation of the Potential Association between Clustered Regularly Interspersed Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR) and Antibiotic Resistance Pattern of Bacterial Strains Isolated from Medical Waste and Environmental Water. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.4236/ojmm.2018.82002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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89
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Lourenço C, Macdonald TJ, Gavriilidis A, Allan E, MacRobert AJ, Parkin IP. Effects of bovine serum albumin on light activated antimicrobial surfaces. RSC Adv 2018; 8:34252-34258. [PMID: 35548657 PMCID: PMC9087004 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra04361b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work we demonstrate that our active surfaces still show antibacterial activity even with BSA at low light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cláudio Lourenço
- Materials Chemistry Research Centre
- Department of Chemistry
- University College London
- London WC1H 0AJ
- UK
| | - Thomas J. Macdonald
- Materials Chemistry Research Centre
- Department of Chemistry
- University College London
- London WC1H 0AJ
- UK
| | | | - Elaine Allan
- Division of Microbial Disease
- UCL Eastman Dental Institute University College London
- London
- UK
| | - Alexander J. MacRobert
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science
- University College London
- Royal Free Campus
- London
- UK
| | - Ivan P. Parkin
- Materials Chemistry Research Centre
- Department of Chemistry
- University College London
- London WC1H 0AJ
- UK
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90
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Zacchino SA, Butassi E, Liberto MD, Raimondi M, Postigo A, Sortino M. Plant phenolics and terpenoids as adjuvants of antibacterial and antifungal drugs. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2017; 37:27-48. [PMID: 29174958 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2017.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The intensive use of antibacterial and antifungal drugs has dramatically increased the microbial resistance and has led to a higher number of difficult-to-eradicate infections. Combination therapy with two or more antimicrobial drugs has emerged some years ago to overcome the issue, but it has proven to be not completely effective. Natural secondary metabolites of MW ≤ 500 represent promising adjuvants for antimicrobials and have been the object of several researches that have increased in the last two decades. PURPOSE The purpose of this Review is to do a literature search of the natural compounds that showed high enhancing capacity of antibacterials' and antifungals' effects against planktonic bacteria and fungi and to analyze which are the natural products most used in combination with a focus on polyphenols and terpenoids. RESULTS One hundred of papers were collected for reviewing. Fifty six (56) of them deal with combinations of low MW natural products with antibacterial drugs against planktonic bacteria and forty four (44) on natural products with antifungal drugs against planktonic fungi. Of the antibacterial adjuvants, 41 (73%) were either polyphenols (27; 48%) or terpenes (14; 25%). The remaining 15 papers (27%), deal with different class of natural products. Since most natural potentiators belong to the terpene or phenolic structural types, a more detailed description of the works dealing with these type of compounds is provided here. Bacterial and fungal resistance mechanisms, the modes of action of the main classes of antibacterial and antifungal drugs and the methodologies most used to assess the type of interactions in the combinations were included in the Review too. CONCLUSIONS AND PERSPECTIVES Several promising results on the potentiation effects of antifungals' and antibacterials' activities by low MW natural products mainly on polyphenols and terpenes were reported in the literature and, in spite of that most works included only in vitro assays, this knowledge opens a wide range of possibilities for the combination antimicrobial therapy. Further research including in vivo assays and clinical trials are required to determine the relevance of these antimicrobial enhancers in the clinical area and should be the focus of future studies in order to develop new antimicrobial combination agents that overpass the drawbacks of the existing antibiotics and antifungals in clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana A Zacchino
- Área Farmacognosia, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Suipacha 531, Rosario 2000, Argentina.
| | - Estefania Butassi
- Área Farmacognosia, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Suipacha 531, Rosario 2000, Argentina
| | - Melina Di Liberto
- Área Farmacognosia, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Suipacha 531, Rosario 2000, Argentina
| | - Marcela Raimondi
- Area Microbiología, Facultad de Cs. Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Santa Fe 3100, Rosario 2000, Argentina
| | - Agustina Postigo
- Área Farmacognosia, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Suipacha 531, Rosario 2000, Argentina
| | - Maximiliano Sortino
- Área Farmacognosia, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Suipacha 531, Rosario 2000, Argentina; Área Micología, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Suipacha 531, Rosario 2000, Argentina
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92
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Atkins KE, Lafferty EI, Deeny SR, Davies NG, Robotham JV, Jit M. Use of mathematical modelling to assess the impact of vaccines on antibiotic resistance. THE LANCET. INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2017; 18:e204-e213. [PMID: 29146178 DOI: 10.1016/s1473-3099(17)30478-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Revised: 06/16/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance is a major global threat to the provision of safe and effective health care. To control antibiotic resistance, vaccines have been proposed as an essential intervention, complementing improvements in diagnostic testing, antibiotic stewardship, and drug pipelines. The decision to introduce or amend vaccination programmes is routinely based on mathematical modelling. However, few mathematical models address the impact of vaccination on antibiotic resistance. We reviewed the literature using PubMed to identify all studies that used an original mathematical model to quantify the impact of a vaccine on antibiotic resistance transmission within a human population. We reviewed the models from the resulting studies in the context of a new framework to elucidate the pathways through which vaccination might impact antibiotic resistance. We identified eight mathematical modelling studies; the state of the literature highlighted important gaps in our understanding. Notably, studies are limited in the range of pathways represented, their geographical scope, and the vaccine-pathogen combinations assessed. Furthermore, to translate model predictions into public health decision making, more work is needed to understand how model structure and parameterisation affects model predictions and how to embed these predictions within economic frameworks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine E Atkins
- Centre for the Mathematical Modelling of Infectious Diseases and Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK.
| | - Erin I Lafferty
- Centre for the Mathematical Modelling of Infectious Diseases and Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | | | - Nicholas G Davies
- Centre for the Mathematical Modelling of Infectious Diseases and Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Julie V Robotham
- Modelling and Economics Unit, National Infection Service, Public Health England, London, UK
| | - Mark Jit
- Centre for the Mathematical Modelling of Infectious Diseases and Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK; Modelling and Economics Unit, National Infection Service, Public Health England, London, UK
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93
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Garbisu C, Garaiyurrebaso O, Epelde L, Grohmann E, Alkorta I. Plasmid-Mediated Bioaugmentation for the Bioremediation of Contaminated Soils. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:1966. [PMID: 29062312 PMCID: PMC5640721 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.01966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Bioaugmentation, or the inoculation of microorganisms (e.g., bacteria harboring the required catabolic genes) into soil to enhance the rate of contaminant degradation, has great potential for the bioremediation of soils contaminated with organic compounds. Regrettably, cell bioaugmentation frequently turns into an unsuccessful initiative, owing to the rapid decrease of bacterial viability and abundance after inoculation, as well as the limited dispersal of the inoculated bacteria in the soil matrix. Genes that encode the degradation of organic compounds are often located on plasmids and, consequently, they can be spread by horizontal gene transfer into well-established, ecologically competitive, indigenous bacterial populations. Plasmid-mediated bioaugmentation aims to stimulate the spread of contaminant degradation genes among indigenous soil bacteria by the introduction of plasmids, located in donor cells, harboring such genes. But the acquisition of plasmids by recipient cells can affect the host’s fitness, a crucial aspect for the success of plasmid-mediated bioaugmentation. Besides, environmental factors (e.g., soil moisture, temperature, organic matter content) can play important roles for the transfer efficiency of catabolic plasmids, the expression of horizontally acquired genes and, finally, the contaminant degradation activity. For plasmid-mediated bioaugmentation to be reproducible, much more research is needed for a better selection of donor bacterial strains and accompanying plasmids, together with an in-depth understanding of indigenous soil bacterial populations and the environmental conditions that affect plasmid acquisition and the expression and functioning of the catabolic genes of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Garbisu
- Soil Microbial Ecology Group, Department of Conservation of Natural Resources, Neiker Tecnalia, Derio, Spain
| | - Olatz Garaiyurrebaso
- Instituto Biofisika (UPV/EHU, CSIC), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of the Basque Country, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Lur Epelde
- Soil Microbial Ecology Group, Department of Conservation of Natural Resources, Neiker Tecnalia, Derio, Spain
| | | | - Itziar Alkorta
- Soil Microbial Ecology Group, Department of Conservation of Natural Resources, Neiker Tecnalia, Derio, Spain
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94
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Zeng Q, He X, Puthiyakunnon S, Xiao H, Gong Z, Boddu S, Chen L, Tian H, Huang SH, Cao H. Probiotic Mixture Golden Bifido Prevents Neonatal Escherichia coli K1 Translocation via Enhancing Intestinal Defense. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:1798. [PMID: 28979247 PMCID: PMC5611410 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.01798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Escherichia coli (E. coli) K1 sepsis and meningitis is a severe infection characterized by high mortality in neonates. Successful colonization and translocation across the intestinal mucosa have been regarded as the critical steps for E. coli K1 sepsis and meningitis. We recently reported that the probiotic mixture, Golden Bifido (containing live Lactobacillus bulgaricus, Bifidobacterium, and Streptococcus thermophilus, LBS) has a preventive role against neonatal E. coli K1 bacteremia and meningitis. However, the interaction between the neonatal gut barrier, probiotics and E. coli K1 is still not elucidated. The present study aims to investigate how LBS exerts its protective effects on neonatal gut barrier during E. coli K1 infection. The beneficial effects of LBS were explored in vitro and in vivo using human colon carcinoma cell lines HT-29 and rat model of neonatal E. coli K1 infection, respectively. Our results showed that stimulation with E. coli K1 was able to cause intestinal barrier dysfunction, which were reflected by E. coli K1-induced intestinal damage and apoptosis of intestinal epithelial cells, reduction of mucin, immunoglobulin A (IgA) and tight junction proteins expression, as well as increase in intestinal permeability, all these changes facilitate E. coli K1 intestinal translocation. However, these changes were alleviated when HT-29 cells were treated with LBS before E. coli K1 infection. Furthermore, we found that LBS-treated neonatal rats (without E. coli K1 infection) have showed higher production of mucin, ZO-1, IgA, Ki67 in intestinal mucosa as well as lower intestinal permeability than that of non-treated rats, indicating that LBS could accelerate the development of neonatal intestinal defense. Taken together, our results suggest that enhancement of the neonatal intestinal defense to fight against E. coli K1 translocation could be the potential mechanism to elucidate how LBS confers a protective effect against neonatal E. coli K1 bacteremia and meningitis. This indirect mechanism makes LBS exert preventive effect on most of gut-derived pathogenic infections rather than only E. coli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Zeng
- Department of Microbiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhou, China
| | - Xiaolong He
- Department of Microbiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhou, China
| | - Santhosh Puthiyakunnon
- Department of Microbiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhou, China
| | - Hansen Xiao
- Department of Microbiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhou, China
| | - Zelong Gong
- Department of Microbiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhou, China
| | - Swapna Boddu
- Department of Microbiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhou, China
| | - Lecheng Chen
- Department of Microbiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhou, China
| | - Huiwen Tian
- Department of Microbiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhou, China.,The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhou, China
| | - Sheng-He Huang
- Department of Microbiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhou, China.,Saban Research Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, University of Southern California, Los AngelesCA, United States
| | - Hong Cao
- Department of Microbiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhou, China
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95
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Gholizadeh P, Aghazadeh M, Asgharzadeh M, Kafil HS. Suppressing the CRISPR/Cas adaptive immune system in bacterial infections. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2017; 36:2043-2051. [PMID: 28601970 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-017-3036-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) coupled with CRISPR-associated (Cas) proteins (CRISPR/Cas) are the adaptive immune system of eubacteria and archaebacteria. This system provides protection of bacteria against invading foreign DNA, such as transposons, bacteriophages and plasmids. Three-stage processes in this system for immunity against foreign DNAs are defined as adaptation, expression and interference. Recent studies suggested a correlation between the interfering of the CRISPR/Cas locus, acquisition of antibiotic resistance and pathogenicity island. In this review article, we demonstrate and discuss the CRISPR/Cas system's roles in interference with acquisition of antibiotic resistance and pathogenicity island in some eubacteria. Totally, these systems function as the adaptive immune system of bacteria against invading foreign DNA, blocking the acquisition of antibiotic resistance and virulence factor, detecting serotypes, indirect effects of CRISPR self-targeting, associating with physiological functions, associating with infections in humans at the transmission stage, interfering with natural transformation, a tool for genome editing in genome engineering, monitoring foodborne pathogens etc. These results showed that the CRISPR/Cas system might prevent the emergence of virulence both in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, this system was shown to be a strong selective pressure for the acquisition of antibiotic resistance and virulence factor in bacterial pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Gholizadeh
- Hematology and Oncology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - M Aghazadeh
- Biotechnology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - M Asgharzadeh
- Infectious and Tropical Disease Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - H S Kafil
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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96
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Lee T, Park JM. Vesicoureteral reflux and continuous prophylactic antibiotics. Investig Clin Urol 2017; 58:S32-S37. [PMID: 28612058 PMCID: PMC5468262 DOI: 10.4111/icu.2017.58.s1.s32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2016] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) management must be tailored based on the risk for further infections and renal scarring, gender, likelihood of spontaneous resolution, and parental preferences. Because we now understand that sterile VUR is benign and most reflux spontaneously resolves over time, the initial approach in majority of children is non-surgical with continuous antibiotic prophylaxis (CAP) and correction of bladder and bowel dysfunction. Despite increasing utilization of CAP over the past four decades, the efficacy of antibiotic prophylaxis has been questioned due to conflicting results of studies plagued with design flaws and inadequate subject sample size. The Randomized Intervention for Children with Vesicoureteral Reflux (RIVUR) trial, which was designed to address many of the limitations from previous studies, provided much needed answers. In this review, we sought to describe the controversy surrounding VUR management, highlight the results of RIVUR trial, and discuss how the RIVUR findings impact our understanding of CAP in the management of VUR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ted Lee
- Department of Urology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - John M Park
- Department of Urology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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97
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Dupont PY, Cox MP. Genomic Data Quality Impacts Automated Detection of Lateral Gene Transfer in Fungi. G3 (BETHESDA, MD.) 2017; 7:1301-1314. [PMID: 28235827 PMCID: PMC5386878 DOI: 10.1534/g3.116.038448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Accepted: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Lateral gene transfer (LGT, also known as horizontal gene transfer), an atypical mechanism of transferring genes between species, has almost become the default explanation for genes that display an unexpected composition or phylogeny. Numerous methods of detecting LGT events all rely on two fundamental strategies: primary structure composition or gene tree/species tree comparisons. Discouragingly, the results of these different approaches rarely coincide. With the wealth of genome data now available, detection of laterally transferred genes is increasingly being attempted in large uncurated eukaryotic datasets. However, detection methods depend greatly on the quality of the underlying genomic data, which are typically complex for eukaryotes. Furthermore, given the automated nature of genomic data collection, it is typically impractical to manually verify all protein or gene models, orthology predictions, and multiple sequence alignments, requiring researchers to accept a substantial margin of error in their datasets. Using a test case comprising plant-associated genomes across the fungal kingdom, this study reveals that composition- and phylogeny-based methods have little statistical power to detect laterally transferred genes. In particular, phylogenetic methods reveal extreme levels of topological variation in fungal gene trees, the vast majority of which show departures from the canonical species tree. Therefore, it is inherently challenging to detect LGT events in typical eukaryotic genomes. This finding is in striking contrast to the large number of claims for laterally transferred genes in eukaryotic species that routinely appear in the literature, and questions how many of these proposed examples are statistically well supported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre-Yves Dupont
- Statistics and Bioinformatics Group, Institute of Fundamental Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
- the Bio-Protection Research Centre, Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - Murray P Cox
- Statistics and Bioinformatics Group, Institute of Fundamental Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
- the Bio-Protection Research Centre, Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
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98
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Silver Nanoparticles Against Salmonella enterica Serotype Typhimurium: Role of Inner Membrane Dysfunction. Curr Microbiol 2017; 74:661-670. [PMID: 28321528 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-017-1235-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The evolution of antibiotics-resistant bacteria is considered a major concern. To explore promising antibacterial materials and clarify their unknown mechanisms, the mode of action of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) against Salmonella enterica serotype typhimurium was investigated. We investigated the effect of AgNPs on the bacterial membrane. The N-phenyl-1-naphthylamine assay showed that the permeability of the outer membrane was not changed by treatment with AgNPs. The O-nitrophenyl-β-D-galactopyranoside assay showed that the inner membrane permeability increased as AgNPs concentration increased. Our results showed that AgNPs affected the inner membrane without outer membrane damage. Generally, antibiotic-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) and changes in the Ca2+ gradient are known to contribute to bacterial cell death. Likewise, we detected that AgNPs induced the accumulation of ROS and intracellular Ca2+ depending on its concentration, using 2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein and Fura-2AM, respectively. At higher concentrations, no relationship between oxidative stress and bactericidal effects of AgNPs was confirmed through a cell viability assay and intracellular Ca2+ assay with antioxidant N-acetylcysteine. In this study, the inner membrane disruption followed by membrane dysfunction played a key role in the antibacterial activity of AgNPs against S. typhimurium. Contrary to the expected results, ROS do not influence growth inhibition of AgNPs.
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99
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Li N, Sheng GP, Lu YZ, Zeng RJ, Yu HQ. Removal of antibiotic resistance genes from wastewater treatment plant effluent by coagulation. WATER RESEARCH 2017; 111:204-212. [PMID: 28088717 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2017.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2016] [Revised: 12/30/2016] [Accepted: 01/03/2017] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), as emerging environmental contaminants, have become a threat to human health. Recent studies have demonstrated that the effluent from wastewater treatment plants is a significant point source of ARGs released into the environment. In this study, we investigated the effectiveness of coagulation technology in the removal of ARGs from treated wastewater. Specifically, we measured the removal of five ARGs (two sulfonamide resistance genes, sulI and sulII, and three tetracycline resistance genes, tetO, tetW and tetQ) and the class 1 integron intI1 gene via the application of two coagulants: FeCl3 and polyferric chloride (PFC). Moreover, the removal of dissolved organic carbon (DOC), NH3N and total phosphorus (TP) in the coagulation process was investigated. The coagulation process effectively removed ARGs from the effluent with 0.5-log to 3.1-log reductions. Significant removal correlations were observed between dissolved NH3N and DOC, intI1 and sulI, sulII and tetO, sulII and tetW, and tetO and tetW, implying that the co-removal of DOC, dissolved NH3N, the intI1 gene and different ARGs played an important role in ARG loss during coagulation with Fe-based coagulants. These results indicate that coagulation may play a promising role in ARG reduction in wastewater treatment plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Li
- CAS Key Laboratory for Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Guo-Ping Sheng
- CAS Key Laboratory for Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China.
| | - Yong-Ze Lu
- CAS Key Laboratory for Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Raymond J Zeng
- CAS Key Laboratory for Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Han-Qing Yu
- CAS Key Laboratory for Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
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100
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Saurav K, Costantino V, Venturi V, Steindler L. Quorum Sensing Inhibitors from the Sea Discovered Using Bacterial N-acyl-homoserine Lactone-Based Biosensors. Mar Drugs 2017; 15:md15030053. [PMID: 28241461 PMCID: PMC5367010 DOI: 10.3390/md15030053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2017] [Revised: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Marine natural products with antibiotic activity have been a rich source of drug discovery; however, the emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacterial strains has turned attention towards the discovery of alternative innovative strategies to combat pathogens. In many pathogenic bacteria, the expression of virulence factors is under the regulation of quorum sensing (QS). QS inhibitors (QSIs) present a promising alternative or potential synergistic treatment since they disrupt the signaling pathway used for intra- and interspecies coordination of expression of virulence factors. This review covers the set of molecules showing QSI activity that were isolated from marine organisms, including plants (algae), animals (sponges, cnidarians, and bryozoans), and microorganisms (bacteria, fungi, and cyanobacteria). The compounds found and the methods used for their isolation are the emphasis of this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumar Saurav
- Department of Marine Biology, Leon H. Charney School of Marine Sciences, University of Haifa, Mt. Carmel, 31905 Haifa, Israel.
| | - Valeria Costantino
- The NeaNat Group, Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy.
| | - Vittorio Venturi
- Bacteriology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology, Padriciano 99, 34149 Trieste, Italy.
| | - Laura Steindler
- Department of Marine Biology, Leon H. Charney School of Marine Sciences, University of Haifa, Mt. Carmel, 31905 Haifa, Israel.
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