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Tanomrat R, Naktubtim C, Aimvijarn P, Suwannalert P. N-acetylcysteine improves the inhibitory effect of Quercetin-rich onion extract on HT-29 and HCT-116 colorectal cancer migration and invasion through iNOS suppression. Int J Med Sci 2023; 20:1123-1134. [PMID: 37575276 PMCID: PMC10416724 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.86573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
As colorectal cancer (CRC) usually presents at an advanced stage, it responds poorly to traditional surgery and chemoradiotherapy. Reactive oxygen species (ROSs) are a critical factor in cancer progression. Quercetin, a bioflavonoid derived from onion peel extract, provides great anti-oxidant and anti-cancer potential. Therefore, quercetin in combination with N-Acetylcysteine (NAC), a well-known anti-oxidant and adjuvant agent in cancer-chemotherapeutic drugs, was considered as a way of increasing treatment efficacy. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the improvement effect of quercetin in combination with NAC in human CRC (HT-29 and HCT-116) cell progression, migration and invasion. Firstly, the effects of quercetin, NAC, and the combination of quercetin and NAC on cellular oxidants and glutathione levels were evaluated. Cell viability, anti-migrative activity and invasive activity were determined by MTT, wound healing, and Matrigel invasion tests, respectively. Then, the proteins involved in cell migration, invasion, and cellular oxidants were investigated. Moreover, the gene expression and overall survival were further validated by the GEPIA2 database. The results reveal that the combination was most effective in decreasing cellular oxidants and increasing glutathione levels, while there was a significant decrease in cancer cell migration and invasion involved in the suppression of iNOS, ICAM-1, and MMP-2 proteins. Furthermore, bioinformatic analysis verified that iNOS, ICAM-1, and MMP-2 were highly expressed in CRC tissue and also associated with a poor prognosis. This study demonstrated that Quercetin has higher efficacy when used in combination with NAC, representing a potential combination agent for anti-cancer drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rataya Tanomrat
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Chonnapat Naktubtim
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
- Pathobiology Information and Learning Center, Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Parichaya Aimvijarn
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Prasit Suwannalert
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
- Pathobiology Information and Learning Center, Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
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Lancia G, Durastanti C, Spitoni C, De Benedictis I, Sciortino A, Cirillo ENM, Ledda M, Lisi A, Convertino A, Mussi V. Learning models for classifying Raman spectra of genomic DNA from tumor subtypes. Sci Rep 2023; 13:11370. [PMID: 37452161 PMCID: PMC10349119 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-37303-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
An early and accurate detection of different subtypes of tumors is crucial for an effective guidance to personalized therapy and in predicting the ability of tumor to metastasize. Here we exploit the Surface Enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS) platform, based on disordered silver coated silicon nanowires (Ag/SiNWs), to efficiently discriminate genomic DNA of different subtypes of melanoma and colon tumors. The diagnostic information is obtained by performing label free Raman maps of the dried drops of DNA solutions onto the Ag/NWs mat and leveraging the classification ability of learning models to reveal the specific and distinct physico-chemical interaction of tumor DNA molecules with the Ag/NW, here supposed to be partly caused by a different DNA methylation degree.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo Lancia
- Mathematical Institute, Utrecht University, Budapestlaan 6, 3584 CD, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Claudio Durastanti
- Department of Basic and Applied Sciences for Engineering, Sapienza University of Rome, via A. Scarpa 16, 00161, Rome, Italy.
| | - Cristian Spitoni
- Mathematical Institute, Utrecht University, Budapestlaan 6, 3584 CD, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Ilaria De Benedictis
- Department of Basic and Applied Sciences for Engineering, Sapienza University of Rome, via A. Scarpa 16, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Sciortino
- Institute for Microelectronics and Microsystems, CNR, via del Fosso del Cavaliere, 100, Rome, Italy
| | - Emilio N M Cirillo
- Department of Basic and Applied Sciences for Engineering, Sapienza University of Rome, via A. Scarpa 16, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Mario Ledda
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology, CNR, via del Fosso del Cavaliere, 100, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonella Lisi
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology, CNR, via del Fosso del Cavaliere, 100, Rome, Italy
| | - Annalisa Convertino
- Institute for Microelectronics and Microsystems, CNR, via del Fosso del Cavaliere, 100, Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina Mussi
- Institute for Microelectronics and Microsystems, CNR, via del Fosso del Cavaliere, 100, Rome, Italy
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Gabrielaitis D, Zitkute V, Saveikyte L, Labutyte G, Skapas M, Meskys R, Casaite V, Sasnauskiene A, Neniskyte U. Nanotubes from bacteriophage tail sheath proteins: internalisation by cancer cells and macrophages. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2023; 5:3705-3716. [PMID: 37441259 PMCID: PMC10334369 DOI: 10.1039/d3na00166k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Bionanoparticles comprised of naturally occurring monomers are gaining interest in the development of novel drug transportation systems. Here we report on the stabilisation, cellular uptake, and macrophage clearance of nanotubes formed from the self-assembling gp053 tail sheath protein of the vB_EcoM_FV3 bacteriophage. To evaluate the potential of the bacteriophage protein-based nanotubes as therapeutic nanocarriers, we investigated their internalisation into colorectal cancer cell lines and professional macrophages that may hinder therapeutic applications by clearing nanotube carriers. We fused the bacteriophage protein with a SNAP-tag self-labelling enzyme and demonstrated that its activity is retained in assembled nanotubes, indicating that such carriers can be applied to deliver therapeutic biomolecules. Under physiological conditions, the stabilisation of the nanotubes by PEGylation was required to prevent aggregation and yield a stable solution with uniform nano-sized structures. Colorectal carcinoma cells from primary and metastatic tumours internalized SNAP-tag-carrying nanotubes with different efficiencies. The nanotubes entered HCT116 cells via dynamin-dependent and SW480 cells - via dynamin- and clathrin-dependent pathways and were accumulated in lysosomes. Meanwhile, peritoneal macrophages phagocytosed the nanotubes in a highly efficient manner through actin-dependent mechanisms. Macrophage clearance of nanotubes was enhanced by inflammatory activation but was dampened in macrophages isolated from aged animals. Altogether, our results demonstrate that gp053 nanotubes retained the cargo's enzymatic activity post-assembly and had the capacity to enter cancer cells. Furthermore, we emphasise the importance of evaluating the nanocarrier clearance by immune cells under conditions mimicking a cancerous environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dovydas Gabrielaitis
- Department of Neurobiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biosciences, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University Vilnius Lithuania
| | - Vilmante Zitkute
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biosciences, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University Vilnius Lithuania
| | - Lina Saveikyte
- Department of Neurobiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biosciences, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University Vilnius Lithuania
| | - Greta Labutyte
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, Institute of Biochemistry, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University Vilnius Lithuania
| | - Martynas Skapas
- Institute of Biotechnology, Vilnius University Vilnius Lithuania
| | - Rolandas Meskys
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, Institute of Biochemistry, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University Vilnius Lithuania
| | - Vida Casaite
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, Institute of Biochemistry, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University Vilnius Lithuania
| | - Ausra Sasnauskiene
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biosciences, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University Vilnius Lithuania
| | - Urte Neniskyte
- Department of Neurobiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biosciences, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University Vilnius Lithuania
- VU-EMBL Partnership Institute, Vilnius University Vilnius Lithuania
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Audebert M, Assmann AS, Azqueta A, Babica P, Benfenati E, Bortoli S, Bouwman P, Braeuning A, Burgdorf T, Coumoul X, Debizet K, Dusinska M, Ertych N, Fahrer J, Fetz V, Le Hégarat L, López de Cerain A, Heusinkveld HJ, Hogeveen K, Jacobs MN, Luijten M, Raitano G, Recoules C, Rundén-Pran E, Saleh M, Sovadinová I, Stampar M, Thibol L, Tomkiewicz C, Vettorazzi A, Van de Water B, El Yamani N, Zegura B, Oelgeschläger M. New approach methodologies to facilitate and improve the hazard assessment of non-genotoxic carcinogens-a PARC project. FRONTIERS IN TOXICOLOGY 2023; 5:1220998. [PMID: 37492623 PMCID: PMC10364052 DOI: 10.3389/ftox.2023.1220998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Carcinogenic chemicals, or their metabolites, can be classified as genotoxic or non-genotoxic carcinogens (NGTxCs). Genotoxic compounds induce DNA damage, which can be detected by an established in vitro and in vivo battery of genotoxicity assays. For NGTxCs, DNA is not the primary target, and the possible modes of action (MoA) of NGTxCs are much more diverse than those of genotoxic compounds, and there is no specific in vitro assay for detecting NGTxCs. Therefore, the evaluation of the carcinogenic potential is still dependent on long-term studies in rodents. This 2-year bioassay, mainly applied for testing agrochemicals and pharmaceuticals, is time-consuming, costly and requires very high numbers of animals. More importantly, its relevance for human risk assessment is questionable due to the limited predictivity for human cancer risk, especially with regard to NGTxCs. Thus, there is an urgent need for a transition to new approach methodologies (NAMs), integrating human-relevant in vitro assays and in silico tools that better exploit the current knowledge of the multiple processes involved in carcinogenesis into a modern safety assessment toolbox. Here, we describe an integrative project that aims to use a variety of novel approaches to detect the carcinogenic potential of NGTxCs based on different mechanisms and pathways involved in carcinogenesis. The aim of this project is to contribute suitable assays for the safety assessment toolbox for an efficient and improved, internationally recognized hazard assessment of NGTxCs, and ultimately to contribute to reliable mechanism-based next-generation risk assessment for chemical carcinogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Audebert
- INRAE: Toxalim, INRAE, INP-ENVT, INP-EI-Purpan, Université de Toulouse 3 Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Ann-Sophie Assmann
- Department Experimental Toxicology and ZEBET, German Centre for the Protection of Laboratory Animals (Bf3R) and Department Food Safety, BfR: German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Berlin, Germany
| | - Amaya Azqueta
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, UNAV: University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Pavel Babica
- RECETOX: RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
| | - Emilio Benfenati
- IRFMN: Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri—IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Sylvie Bortoli
- INSERM: INSERM UMR-S 1124 T3S—Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Peter Bouwman
- UL-LACDR: Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Albert Braeuning
- Department Experimental Toxicology and ZEBET, German Centre for the Protection of Laboratory Animals (Bf3R) and Department Food Safety, BfR: German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Berlin, Germany
| | - Tanja Burgdorf
- Department Experimental Toxicology and ZEBET, German Centre for the Protection of Laboratory Animals (Bf3R) and Department Food Safety, BfR: German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Berlin, Germany
| | - Xavier Coumoul
- INSERM: INSERM UMR-S 1124 T3S—Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Kloé Debizet
- INSERM: INSERM UMR-S 1124 T3S—Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Maria Dusinska
- Health Effects Laboratory, NILU: The Climate and Environmental Research Institute, Kjeller, Norway
| | - Norman Ertych
- Department Experimental Toxicology and ZEBET, German Centre for the Protection of Laboratory Animals (Bf3R) and Department Food Safety, BfR: German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jörg Fahrer
- Department of Chemistry, RPTU: Division of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Verena Fetz
- Department Experimental Toxicology and ZEBET, German Centre for the Protection of Laboratory Animals (Bf3R) and Department Food Safety, BfR: German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ludovic Le Hégarat
- ANSES: French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety, Fougères Laboratory, Toxicology of Contaminants Unit, Fougères, France
| | - Adela López de Cerain
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, UNAV: University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Harm J. Heusinkveld
- RIVM: National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, Netherlands
| | - Kevin Hogeveen
- ANSES: French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety, Fougères Laboratory, Toxicology of Contaminants Unit, Fougères, France
| | - Miriam N. Jacobs
- Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards, UKHSA: UK Health Security Agency, Chilton, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Mirjam Luijten
- RIVM: National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, Netherlands
| | - Giuseppa Raitano
- IRFMN: Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri—IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Cynthia Recoules
- INRAE: Toxalim, INRAE, INP-ENVT, INP-EI-Purpan, Université de Toulouse 3 Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Elise Rundén-Pran
- Health Effects Laboratory, NILU: The Climate and Environmental Research Institute, Kjeller, Norway
| | - Mariam Saleh
- ANSES: French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety, Fougères Laboratory, Toxicology of Contaminants Unit, Fougères, France
| | - Iva Sovadinová
- RECETOX: RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
| | - Martina Stampar
- Department of Genetic Toxicology and Cancer Biology, NIB: National Institute of Biology, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Lea Thibol
- Department of Chemistry, RPTU: Division of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | | | - Ariane Vettorazzi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, UNAV: University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Bob Van de Water
- UL-LACDR: Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Naouale El Yamani
- Health Effects Laboratory, NILU: The Climate and Environmental Research Institute, Kjeller, Norway
| | - Bojana Zegura
- Department of Genetic Toxicology and Cancer Biology, NIB: National Institute of Biology, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Michael Oelgeschläger
- Department Experimental Toxicology and ZEBET, German Centre for the Protection of Laboratory Animals (Bf3R) and Department Food Safety, BfR: German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Berlin, Germany
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Rasouli M, Khakshournia S, Vakili O, Dastghaib S, Seghatoleslam A, Shafiee SM. The crosstalk between ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2Q1 and p53 in colorectal cancer: An in vitro analysis. Med Oncol 2023; 40:199. [PMID: 37294480 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-023-02039-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a prevalent gastrointestinal neoplasm that ranks fourth in terms of cancer-related deaths worldwide. In the process of CRC progression, multiple ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes (E2s) are involved; UBE2Q1 is one of those newly identified E2s that is markedly expressed in human colorectal tumors. Since p53 is a well-known tumor suppressor and defined as a key factor to be targeted by the ubiquitin-proteasome system, we hypothesized that UBE2Q1 might contribute to CRC progression through the modulation of p53. Using the lipofection method, the cultured SW480 and LS180 cells were transfected with the UBE2Q1 ORF-containing pCMV6-AN-GFP vector. Then, quantitative RT-PCR was used to assay the mRNA expression levels of p53's target genes, i.e., Mdm2, Bcl2, and Cyclin E. Moreover, Western blot analysis was performed to confirm the cellular overexpression of UBE2Q1 and assess the protein levels of p53, pre- and post-transfection. The expression of p53's target genes were cell line-dependent except for Mdm2 that was consistent with the findings of p53. The results of Western blotting demonstrated that the protein levels of p53 were greatly lower in UBE2Q1-transfected SW480 cells compared to the control SW480 cells. However, the reduced levels of p53 protein were not remarkable in the transfected LS180 cells compared to the control cells. The suppression of p53 is believed to be the result of UBE2Q1-dependent ubiquitination and its subsequent proteasomal degradation. Furthermore, the ubiquitination of p53 can act as a signal for degradation-independent functions, such as nuclear export and suppressing the p53's transcriptional activities. In this context, the decreased Mdm2 levels can moderate the proteasome-independent mono-ubiquitination of p53. The ubiquitinated p53 modulates the transcriptional levels of target genes. Therefore, the up-modulation of UBE2Q1 may influence the transcriptional activities depending on p53, and thereby contributes to CRC progression through regulating the p53.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Rasouli
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Sara Khakshournia
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Autophagy Research Center, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Zand Street, Shiraz, 71348-14336, Iran
| | - Omid Vakili
- Autophagy Research Center, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Zand Street, Shiraz, 71348-14336, Iran
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Sanaz Dastghaib
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Atefeh Seghatoleslam
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Sayed Mohammad Shafiee
- Autophagy Research Center, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Zand Street, Shiraz, 71348-14336, Iran.
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Wilton J, de Mendonça FL, Pereira-Castro I, Tellier M, Nojima T, Costa AM, Freitas J, Murphy S, Oliveira MJ, Proudfoot NJ, Moreira A. Pro-inflammatory polarization and colorectal cancer modulate alternative and intronic polyadenylation in primary human macrophages. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1182525. [PMID: 37359548 PMCID: PMC10286830 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1182525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Macrophages are essential cells of the immune system that alter their inflammatory profile depending on their microenvironment. Alternative polyadenylation in the 3'UTR (3'UTR-APA) and intronic polyadenylation (IPA) are mechanisms that modulate gene expression, particularly in cancer and activated immune cells. Yet, how polarization and colorectal cancer (CRC) cells affect 3'UTR-APA and IPA in primary human macrophages was unclear. Methods In this study, we isolated primary human monocytes from healthy donors, differentiated and polarized them into a pro-inflammatory state and performed indirect co-cultures with CRC cells. ChrRNA-Seq and 3'RNA-Seq was performed to quantify gene expression and characterize new 3'UTR-APA and IPA mRNA isoforms. Results Our results show that polarization of human macrophages from naïve to a pro-inflammatory state causes a marked increase of proximal polyA site selection in the 3'UTR and IPA events in genes relevant to macrophage functions. Additionally, we found a negative correlation between differential gene expression and IPA during pro-inflammatory polarization of primary human macrophages. As macrophages are abundant immune cells in the CRC microenvironment that either promote or abrogate cancer progression, we investigated how indirect exposure to CRC cells affects macrophage gene expression and 3'UTR-APA and IPA events. Co-culture with CRC cells alters the inflammatory phenotype of macrophages, increases the expression of pro-tumoral genes and induces 3'UTR-APA alterations. Notably, some of these gene expression differences were also found in tumor-associated macrophages of CRC patients, indicating that they are physiologically relevant. Upon macrophage pro-inflammatory polarization, SRSF12 is the pre-mRNA processing gene that is most upregulated. After SRSF12 knockdown in M1 macrophages there is a global downregulation of gene expression, in particular in genes involved in gene expression regulation and in immune responses. Discussion Our results reveal new 3'UTR-APA and IPA mRNA isoforms produced during pro-inflammatory polarization of primary human macrophages and CRC co-culture that may be used in the future as diagnostic or therapeutic tools. Furthermore, our results highlight a function for SRSF12 in pro-inflammatory macrophages, key cells in the tumor response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Wilton
- Graduate Program in Areas of Basic and Applied Biology (GABBA) PhD Program, ICBAS-Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Gene Regulation - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- IBMC-Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Filipa Lopes de Mendonça
- Gene Regulation - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- IBMC-Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Isabel Pereira-Castro
- Gene Regulation - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- IBMC-Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Michael Tellier
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Takayuki Nojima
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Angela M. Costa
- Tumour and Microenvironment Interactions Group – Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- INEB-Instituto Nacional de Engenharia Biomédica Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Jaime Freitas
- Gene Regulation - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Shona Murphy
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Maria Jose Oliveira
- Tumour and Microenvironment Interactions Group – Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- INEB-Instituto Nacional de Engenharia Biomédica Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- ICBAS- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | | | - Alexandra Moreira
- Gene Regulation - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- IBMC-Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- ICBAS- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Rosidi B, Priyatno D, Putra TP, Yusuf I. Metformin Induces a Caspase 3-Unrelated Apoptosis in Human Colorectal Cancer Cell Lines HCT116 and SW620. Cancer Manag Res 2023; 15:475-485. [PMID: 37312884 PMCID: PMC10259592 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s385278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose To study the effects of metformin on the proliferation and growth of human colorectal cancer cell lines HCT116 and SW620. Materials and Methods The antiproliferative effect of metformin was assayed using an MTS reagent and its ability to inhibit colony formation was demonstrated using a clonogenic assay. Flow cytometry using YO-PRO-1/PI was performed to examine the effects of metformin on apoptosis and cell death of HCT116 and SW620. Caspase 3 activities were measured in caspase-3 activity tests using a caspase-3 activity kit. Furthermore, Western blots were performed with anti-PARP1, anti-caspase 3, and anti-cleaved caspase 3 to confirm whether caspase activation was present or not. Results Both MTS proliferation assays and clonogenic assays showed that metformin inhibited the proliferation and growth of HCT116 and SW620 cells in a concentration-dependent manner. Flow cytometric analysis identified early apoptosis and metformin-induced cell death in both cell lines. However, caspase 3 activity could not be detected. Cleavage of both PARP1 and pro-caspase 3 was not observed in the Western blot, confirming the absence of caspase 3 activations. Conclusion This present study suggests a caspase 3-unrelated apoptosis mechanism of metformin-induced cell death in human colorectal cancer cell lines HCT116 and SW620.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bustanur Rosidi
- Division of Proteomics, Mochtar Riady Institute for Nanotechnology and Medical Science Group, University of Pelita Harapan, Tangerang, Banten, Indonesia
| | - Diana Priyatno
- Division of Proteomics, Mochtar Riady Institute for Nanotechnology and Medical Science Group, University of Pelita Harapan, Tangerang, Banten, Indonesia
| | - Teguh Pribadi Putra
- Division of Proteomics, Mochtar Riady Institute for Nanotechnology and Medical Science Group, University of Pelita Harapan, Tangerang, Banten, Indonesia
| | - Irawan Yusuf
- Division of Proteomics, Mochtar Riady Institute for Nanotechnology and Medical Science Group, University of Pelita Harapan, Tangerang, Banten, Indonesia
- Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia
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Alessio N, Acar MB, Squillaro T, Aprile D, Ayaz‐Güner Ş, Di Bernardo G, Peluso G, Özcan S, Galderisi U. Progression of irradiated mesenchymal stromal cells from early to late senescence: Changes in SASP composition and anti-tumour properties. Cell Prolif 2023; 56:e13401. [PMID: 36949664 PMCID: PMC10280137 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.v56.6 10.1111/cpr.13401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 09/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Genotoxic injuries converge on senescence-executive program that promotes production of a senescence-specific secretome (SASP). The study of SASP is particularly intriguing, since through it a senescence process, triggered in a few cells, can spread to many other cells and produce either beneficial or negative consequences for health. We analysed the SASP of quiescent mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) following stress induced premature senescence (SIPS) by ionizing radiation exposure. We performed a proteome analysis of SASP content obtained from early and late senescent cells. The bioinformatics studies evidenced that early and late SASPs, besides some common ontologies and signalling pathways, contain specific factors. In spite of these differences, we evidenced that SASPs can block in vitro proliferation of cancer cells and promote senescence/apoptosis. It is possible to imagine that SASP always contains core components that have an anti-tumour activity, the progression from early to late senescence enriches the SASP of factors that may promote SASP tumorigenic activity only by interacting and instructing cells of the immune system. Our results on Caco-2 cancer cells incubated with late SASP in presence of peripheral white blood cells strongly support this hypothesis. We evidenced that quiescent MSCs following SIPS produced SASP that, while progressively changed its composition, preserved the capacity to block cancer growth by inducing senescence and/or apoptosis only in an autonomous manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Alessio
- Department of Experimental MedicineLuigi Vanvitelli Campania UniversityNaplesItaly
| | | | - Tiziana Squillaro
- Department of Experimental MedicineLuigi Vanvitelli Campania UniversityNaplesItaly
| | - Domenico Aprile
- Department of Experimental MedicineLuigi Vanvitelli Campania UniversityNaplesItaly
| | - Şerife Ayaz‐Güner
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Life and Natural ScienceAbdullah Gül UniversityKayseriTurkey
- Department of Molecular Biology and GeneticsIzmir Institute of TechnologyIzmirTurkey
| | - Giovanni Di Bernardo
- Department of Experimental MedicineLuigi Vanvitelli Campania UniversityNaplesItaly
- The Interuniversity Consortium “Istituto Nazionale Biostrutture e Biosistemi” (INBB – Biostructures and Biosystems National Institute)RomeItaly
| | | | - Servet Özcan
- Genome and Stem Cell Center (GENKÖK) Erciyes UniversityKayseriTurkey
- Department of Biology, Faculty of ScienceErciyes UniversityKayseriTurkey
| | - Umberto Galderisi
- Department of Experimental MedicineLuigi Vanvitelli Campania UniversityNaplesItaly
- Genome and Stem Cell Center (GENKÖK) Erciyes UniversityKayseriTurkey
- Department of Molecular Biology and GeneticsIzmir Institute of TechnologyIzmirTurkey
- Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Center for BiotechnologyTemple UniversityPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
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59
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Alessio N, Acar MB, Squillaro T, Aprile D, Ayaz‐Güner Ş, Di Bernardo G, Peluso G, Özcan S, Galderisi U. Progression of irradiated mesenchymal stromal cells from early to late senescence: Changes in SASP composition and anti-tumour properties. Cell Prolif 2023; 56:e13401. [PMID: 36949664 PMCID: PMC10280137 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.v56.6+10.1111/cpr.13401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Genotoxic injuries converge on senescence-executive program that promotes production of a senescence-specific secretome (SASP). The study of SASP is particularly intriguing, since through it a senescence process, triggered in a few cells, can spread to many other cells and produce either beneficial or negative consequences for health. We analysed the SASP of quiescent mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) following stress induced premature senescence (SIPS) by ionizing radiation exposure. We performed a proteome analysis of SASP content obtained from early and late senescent cells. The bioinformatics studies evidenced that early and late SASPs, besides some common ontologies and signalling pathways, contain specific factors. In spite of these differences, we evidenced that SASPs can block in vitro proliferation of cancer cells and promote senescence/apoptosis. It is possible to imagine that SASP always contains core components that have an anti-tumour activity, the progression from early to late senescence enriches the SASP of factors that may promote SASP tumorigenic activity only by interacting and instructing cells of the immune system. Our results on Caco-2 cancer cells incubated with late SASP in presence of peripheral white blood cells strongly support this hypothesis. We evidenced that quiescent MSCs following SIPS produced SASP that, while progressively changed its composition, preserved the capacity to block cancer growth by inducing senescence and/or apoptosis only in an autonomous manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Alessio
- Department of Experimental MedicineLuigi Vanvitelli Campania UniversityNaplesItaly
| | | | - Tiziana Squillaro
- Department of Experimental MedicineLuigi Vanvitelli Campania UniversityNaplesItaly
| | - Domenico Aprile
- Department of Experimental MedicineLuigi Vanvitelli Campania UniversityNaplesItaly
| | - Şerife Ayaz‐Güner
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Life and Natural ScienceAbdullah Gül UniversityKayseriTurkey
- Department of Molecular Biology and GeneticsIzmir Institute of TechnologyIzmirTurkey
| | - Giovanni Di Bernardo
- Department of Experimental MedicineLuigi Vanvitelli Campania UniversityNaplesItaly
- The Interuniversity Consortium “Istituto Nazionale Biostrutture e Biosistemi” (INBB – Biostructures and Biosystems National Institute)RomeItaly
| | | | - Servet Özcan
- Genome and Stem Cell Center (GENKÖK) Erciyes UniversityKayseriTurkey
- Department of Biology, Faculty of ScienceErciyes UniversityKayseriTurkey
| | - Umberto Galderisi
- Department of Experimental MedicineLuigi Vanvitelli Campania UniversityNaplesItaly
- Genome and Stem Cell Center (GENKÖK) Erciyes UniversityKayseriTurkey
- Department of Molecular Biology and GeneticsIzmir Institute of TechnologyIzmirTurkey
- Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Center for BiotechnologyTemple UniversityPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
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60
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Szaryńska M, Olejniczak-Kęder A, Podpłońska K, Prahl A, Iłowska E. Bradykinin and Neurotensin Analogues as Potential Compounds in Colon Cancer Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119644. [PMID: 37298595 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most lethal malignancies worldwide, so the attempts to find novel therapeutic approaches are necessary. The aim of our study was to analyze how chemical modifications influence physical, chemical, and biological properties of the two peptides, namely, bradykinin (BK) and neurotensin (NT). For this purpose, we used fourteen modified peptides, and their anti-cancers features were analyzed on the HCT116 CRC cell line. Our results confirmed that the spherical mode of a CRC cell line culture better reflects the natural tumour microenvironment. We observed that the size of the colonospheres was markedly reduced following treatment with some BK and NT analogues. The proportion of CD133+ cancer stem cells (CSCs) in colonospheres decreased following incubation with the aforementioned peptides. In our research, we found two groups of these peptides. The first group influenced all the analyzed cellular features, while the second seemed to include the most promising peptides that lowered the count of CD133+ CSCs with parallel substantial reduction in CRC cells viability. These analogues need further analysis to uncover their overall anti-cancer potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Szaryńska
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-210 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Agata Olejniczak-Kęder
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-210 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Kamila Podpłońska
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-210 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Adam Prahl
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, 80-308 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Emilia Iłowska
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, 80-308 Gdansk, Poland
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Žilinskas J, Stukas D, Jasukaitienė A, Šapauskienė J, Banienė R, Trumbeckaitė S, Švagždys S, Cicciu M, Dambrauskas Ž, Gulbinas A, Tamelis A. HAMLET effect on cell death and mitochondrial respiration in colorectal cancer cell lines with KRAS/BRAF mutations. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2023:10.1007/s00432-023-04777-0. [PMID: 37099199 PMCID: PMC10374481 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-023-04777-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/27/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Treatment of advanced colorectal cancer (CRC) depends on the correct selection of personalized strategies. HAMLET (Human Alpha-lactalbumin Made LEthal to Tumor cells) is a natural proteolipid milk compound that might serve as a novel cancer prevention and therapy candidate. Our purpose was to investigate HAMLET effect on viability, death pathway and mitochondrial bioenergetics of CRC cells with different KRAS/BRAF mutational status in vitro. METHODS We treated three cell lines (Caco-2, LoVo, WiDr) with HAMLET to evaluate cell metabolic activity and viability, flow cytometry of apoptotic and necrotic cells, pro- and anti-apoptotic genes, and protein expressions. Mitochondrial respiration (oxygen consumption) rate was recorded by high-resolution respirometry system Oxygraph-2 k. RESULTS The HAMLET complex was cytotoxic to all investigated CRC cell lines and this effect is irreversible. Flow cytometry revealed that HAMLET induces necrotic cell death with a slight increase in an apoptotic cell population. WiDr cell metabolism, clonogenicity, necrosis/apoptosis level, and mitochondrial respiration were affected significantly less than other cells. CONCLUSION HAMLET exhibits irreversible cytotoxicity on human CRC cells in a dose-dependent manner, leading to necrotic cell death and inhibiting the extrinsic apoptosis pathway. BRAF-mutant cell line is more resistant than other type lines. HAMLET decreased mitochondrial respiration and ATP synthesis in CaCo-2 and LoVo cell lines but did not affect WiDr cells' respiration. Pretreatment of cancer cells with HAMLET has no impact on mitochondrial outer and inner membrane permeability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justas Žilinskas
- Department of Surgery, Medical Academy, Faculty of Medicine, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Eivenių Street 2, 50161, Kaunas, Lithuania.
| | - Darius Stukas
- Institute of Digestive Research, Medical Academy, Faculty of Medicine, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Aldona Jasukaitienė
- Institute of Digestive Research, Medical Academy, Faculty of Medicine, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Jurgita Šapauskienė
- Department of Biochemistry, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Rasa Banienė
- Department of Biochemistry, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Sonata Trumbeckaitė
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Neuroscience Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Saulius Švagždys
- Department of Surgery, Medical Academy, Faculty of Medicine, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Eivenių Street 2, 50161, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Marco Cicciu
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences, Morphological and Functional Images, School of Dentistry, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Žilvinas Dambrauskas
- Department of Surgery, Medical Academy, Faculty of Medicine, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Eivenių Street 2, 50161, Kaunas, Lithuania
- Institute of Digestive Research, Medical Academy, Faculty of Medicine, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Antanas Gulbinas
- Department of Surgery, Medical Academy, Faculty of Medicine, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Eivenių Street 2, 50161, Kaunas, Lithuania
- Institute of Digestive Research, Medical Academy, Faculty of Medicine, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Algimantas Tamelis
- Department of Surgery, Medical Academy, Faculty of Medicine, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Eivenių Street 2, 50161, Kaunas, Lithuania
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62
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Cizkova K, Tauber Z. Fibrates Affect Levels of Phosphorylated p38 in Intestinal Cells in a Differentiation-Dependent Manner. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24097695. [PMID: 37175404 PMCID: PMC10178720 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24097695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibrates are widely used hypolipidaemic agents that act as ligands of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα). p38 is a protein kinase that is mainly activated by environmental and genotoxic stress. We investigated the effect of the PPARα activators fenofibrate and WY-14643 and the PPARα inhibitor GW6471 on the levels of activated p38 (p-p38) in the colorectal cancer cell lines HT-29 and Caco2 in relation to their differentiation status. Fibrates increased p-p38 in undifferentiated HT-29 cells, whereas in other cases p-p38 expression was decreased. HT-29 cells showed p-p38 predominantly in the cytoplasm, whereas Caco2 cells showed higher nuclear positivity. The effect of fibrates may depend on the differentiation status of the cell, as differentiated HT-29 and undifferentiated Caco2 cells share similar characteristics in terms of villin, CYP2J2, and soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) expression. In human colorectal carcinoma, higher levels of p-p38 were detected in the cytoplasm, whereas in normal colonic surface epithelium, p-p38 showed nuclear positivity. The decrease in p-p38 positivity was associated with a decrease in sEH, consistent with in vitro results. In conclusion, fibrates affect the level of p-p38, but its exact role in the process of carcinogenesis remains unclear and further research is needed in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katerina Cizkova
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, 779 00 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Zdenek Tauber
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, 779 00 Olomouc, Czech Republic
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63
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Arasawa T, Hiwasa T, Kagaya A, Maruyama T, Uesato M, Kano M, Kobayashi S, Takizawa H, Iwase K, Nomura F, Matsushita K, Matsubara H. Analysis of patients with colorectal cancer shows a specific increase in serum anti-ING1 autoantibody levels. BMC Cancer 2023; 23:356. [PMID: 37072777 PMCID: PMC10111810 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-023-10845-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most prevalent cancer in the world, yet the sensitivity and specificity of biomarkers for CRC diagnosis are insufficient. In the present study, we performed a protein microarray screening method to identify antibody markers for CRC. Inhibitor of growth family 1 (ING1) was identified as a candidate tumor antigen for CRC using protein microarrays (ProtoArray). Subsequent amplified luminescence proximity homogeneous assay-linked immunosorbent assay using recombinant ING1 protein showed that the serum levels of anti-ING1 antibodies were increased not only in patients with CRC but also in those with esophageal cancer (EC), gastric cancer (GC), breast cancer (BrC), and pancreatic cancer (PC) compared with those of healthy donors (HDs). Antibodies against the ING1 amino acids between 239 and 253 were present at significantly higher levels in patients with CRC than in those with EC, GC, BrC, or PC. Anti-ING1 antibody levels were significantly higher in the patients with CRC at any stages than in the HDs. Immunohistochemical staining revealed higher expression of ING1 protein in CRC cells than in the adjacent normal tissues. In luciferase reporter assays using a CRC cell line, ING1 augmented p53-mediated NOXA promoter activity but attenuated p53-stimulated Bax, p21, and PUMA promoter activities. Consequently, serum anti-ING1 antibodies can be used for sensitive and specific diagnoses of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Arasawa
- Department of Frontier Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan
| | - Takaki Hiwasa
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan.
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Inohana 1-8-1, Chuo-Ku, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan.
| | - Akiko Kagaya
- Department of Frontier Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan
- Clinical Research Center, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba, 260-8677, Japan
| | - Tetsuro Maruyama
- Department of Frontier Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan
| | - Masaya Uesato
- Department of Frontier Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan
| | - Masayuki Kano
- Department of Frontier Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan
| | - Sohei Kobayashi
- Department of Frontier Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine & Division of Clinical Genetics, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba, 260-8677, Japan
- Department of Medical Technology & Sciences, School of Health Sciences at Narita, International University of Health and Welfare, Chiba, 286-8686, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Takizawa
- Port Square Kashiwado Clinic, Kashiwado Memorial Foundation, Chiba, 260-0025, Japan
| | - Katsuro Iwase
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan
| | - Fumio Nomura
- Division of Clinical Genetics, Chiba Foundation for Health Promotion & Disease Prevention, Chiba, 261-0002, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Matsushita
- Department of Laboratory Medicine & Division of Clinical Genetics, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba, 260-8677, Japan
| | - Hisahiro Matsubara
- Department of Frontier Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan
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Jacob J, Francisco LE, Chatterjee T, Liang Z, Subramanian S, Liu QJ, Rowe JH, Carmon KS. An antibody-drug conjugate targeting GPR56 demonstrates efficacy in preclinical models of colorectal cancer. Br J Cancer 2023; 128:1592-1602. [PMID: 36759728 PMCID: PMC10070492 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-023-02192-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Long-term prognosis remains poor for colorectal cancer (CRC) patients with advanced disease due to treatment resistance. The identification of novel targets is essential for the development of new therapeutic approaches. GPR56, an adhesion GPCR, is highly expressed in CRC tumours and correlates with poor survival. Here, we describe the generation and preclinical evaluation of a novel ADC consisting of an anti-GPR56 antibody (10C7) conjugated with the DNA-damaging payload duocarmycin. METHODS RNA-seq dataset analysis was performed to determine GPR56 expression in CRC subtypes. The specificity of binding, epitope mapping, and internalisation of 10C7 was examined. 10C7 was conjugated to payload and ADC cytotoxicity was assessed against a panel of CRC cell lines and tumour organoids. Antitumour efficacy was evaluated in xenograft models of CRC cell lines and patient-derived tumours. RESULTS High GPR56 was shown to be associated with the microsatellite stable (MSS) subtype that accounts for 80-85% of CRC. GPR56 ADC selectively induced cytotoxicity in CRC cells and tumour organoids at low nanomolar potency in a GPR56-dependent manner and showed significant antitumour efficacy against GPR56-expressing xenograft models. CONCLUSIONS This study provides the rationale for the future development of a GPR56-targeted ADC approach to potentially treat a large fraction of MSS CRC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joan Jacob
- Center for Translational Cancer Research, The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Liezl E Francisco
- Center for Translational Cancer Research, The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Treena Chatterjee
- Center for Translational Cancer Research, The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Zhengdong Liang
- Center for Translational Cancer Research, The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Shraddha Subramanian
- Center for Translational Cancer Research, The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Qingyun J Liu
- Center for Translational Cancer Research, The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Julie H Rowe
- Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Kendra S Carmon
- Center for Translational Cancer Research, The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA.
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65
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Smaldone G, Pecoraro G, Pane K, Franzese M, Ruggiero A, Vitagliano L, Salvatore M. The Oncosuppressive Properties of KCTD1: Its Role in Cell Growth and Mobility. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:biology12030481. [PMID: 36979172 PMCID: PMC10045846 DOI: 10.3390/biology12030481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
The KCTD protein family is traditionally regarded as proteins that play key roles in neurological physiopathology. However, new studies are increasingly demonstrating their involvement in many other biological processes, including cancers. This is particularly evident for KCTD proteins not involved in protein ubiquitination and degradation, such as KCTD1. We explored the role of KCTD1 in colorectal cancer by knocking down this protein in the human colon adenocarcinoma cell line, SW480. We re-assessed its ability to downregulate β-catenin, a central actor in the WNT/β-catenin signalling pathway. Interestingly, opposite effects are observed when the protein is upregulated in CACO2 colorectal cancer cells. Moreover, interrogation of the TCGA database indicates that KCTD1 downregulation is associated with β-catenin overexpression in colorectal cancer patients. Indeed, knocking down KCTD1 in SW480 cells led to a significant increase in their motility and stemness, two important tumorigenesis traits, suggesting an oncosuppressor role for KCTD1. It is worth noting that similar effects are induced on colorectal cancer cells by the misregulation of KCTD12, a protein that is distantly related to KCTD1. The presented results further expand the spectrum of KCTD1 involvement in apparently unrelated physiopathological processes. The similar effects produced on colorectal cancer cell lines by KCTD1 and KCTD12 suggest novel, previously unreported analogous activities among members of the KCTD protein family.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Katia Pane
- IRCCS SYNLAB SDN, Via E. Gianturco 113, 80143 Naples, Italy
| | | | - Alessia Ruggiero
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging, C.N.R., 80134 Napoli, Italy
| | - Luigi Vitagliano
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging, C.N.R., 80134 Napoli, Italy
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Glutamine Starvation Affects Cell Cycle, Oxidative Homeostasis and Metabolism in Colorectal Cancer Cells. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12030683. [PMID: 36978930 PMCID: PMC10045305 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12030683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells adjust their metabolism to meet energy demands. In particular, glutamine addiction represents a distinctive feature of several types of tumors, including colorectal cancer. In this study, four colorectal cancer cell lines (Caco-2, HCT116, HT29 and SW480) were cultured with or without glutamine. The growth and proliferation rate, colony-forming capacity, apoptosis, cell cycle, redox homeostasis and metabolomic analysis were evaluated by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide test (MTT), flow cytometry, high-performance liquid chromatography and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry techniques. The results show that glutamine represents an important metabolite for cell growth and that its deprivation reduces the proliferation of colorectal cancer cells. Glutamine depletion induces cell death and cell cycle arrest in the GO/G1 phase by modulating energy metabolism, the amino acid content and antioxidant defenses. Moreover, the combined glutamine starvation with the glycolysis inhibitor 2-deoxy-D-glucose exerted a stronger cytotoxic effect. This study offers a strong rationale for targeting glutamine metabolism alone or in combination with glucose metabolism to achieve a therapeutic benefit in the treatment of colon cancer.
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67
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Canonical Wnt Pathway Is Involved in Chemoresistance and Cell Cycle Arrest Induction in Colon Cancer Cell Line Spheroids. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065252. [PMID: 36982333 PMCID: PMC10049556 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The presence of cancer stem cells (CSCs) has been associated with the induction of drug resistance and disease recurrence after therapy. 5-Fluorouracil (5FU) is widely used as the first-line treatment of colorectal cancer (CRC). However, its effectiveness may be limited by the induction of drug resistance in tumor cells. The Wnt pathway plays a key role in the development and CRC progression, but it is not clearly established how it is involved in CSCs resistance to treatment. This work aimed to investigate the role played by the canonical Wnt/β-catenin pathway in CSCs resistance to 5FU treatment. Using tumor spheroids as a model of CSCs enrichment of CRC cell lines with different Wnt/β-catenin contexts, we found that 5FU induces in all CRC spheroids tested cell death, DNA damage, and quiescence, but in different proportions for each one: RKO spheroids were very sensitive to 5FU, while SW480 were less susceptible, and the SW620 spheroids, the metastatic derivative of SW480 cells, displayed the highest resistance to death, high clonogenic capacity, and the highest ability for regrowth after 5FU treatment. Activating the canonical Wnt pathway with Wnt3a in RKO spheroids decreased the 5FU-induced cell death. But the Wnt/β-catenin pathway inhibition with Adavivint alone or in combination with 5FU in spheroids with aberrant activation of this pathway produced a severe cytostatic effect compromising their clonogenic capacity and diminishing the stem cell markers expression. Remarkably, this combined treatment also induced the survival of a small cell subpopulation that could exit the arrest, recover SOX2 levels, and re-grow after treatment.
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68
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Yang Y, Zhang M, Zhang Y, Liu K, Lu C. 5-Fluorouracil Suppresses Colon Tumor through Activating the p53-Fas Pathway to Sensitize Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells to FasL + Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte Cytotoxicity. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:1563. [PMID: 36900354 PMCID: PMC10001142 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15051563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Myelosuppression is a major adverse effect of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) chemotherapy. However, recent findings indicate that 5-FU selectively suppresses myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), to enhance antitumor immunity in tumor-bearing mice. 5-FU-mediated myelosuppression may thus have a beneficial effect for cancer patients. The molecular mechanism underlying 5-FU's suppression of MDSCs is currently unknown. We aimed at testing the hypothesis that 5-FU suppresses MDSCs through enhancing MDSC sensitivity to Fas-mediated apoptosis. We observed that, although FasL is highly expressed in T cells, Fas is weakly expressed in myeloid cells in human colon carcinoma, indicating that downregulation of Fas is a mechanism underlying myeloid cell survival and accumulation in human colon cancer. 5-FU treatment upregulated expression of both p53 and Fas, and knocking down p53 diminished 5-FU-induced Fas expression in MDSC-like cells, in vitro. 5-FU treatment also increased MDSC-like cell sensitivity to FasL-induced apoptosis in vitro. Furthermore, we determined that 5-FU therapy increased expression of Fas on MDSCs, suppressed MDSC accumulation, and increased CTL tumor infiltration in colon tumor-bearing mice. In human colorectal cancer patients, 5-FU chemotherapy decreased MDSC accumulation and increased CTL level. Our findings determine that 5-FU chemotherapy activates the p53-Fas pathway, to suppress MDSC accumulation, to increase CTL tumor infiltration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingcui Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Mingqing Zhang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin 300121, China
| | - Yongdan Zhang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin 300121, China
| | - Kebin Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
- Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Chunwan Lu
- School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
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Rafael D, Montero S, Carcavilla P, Andrade F, German-Cortés J, Diaz-Riascos ZV, Seras-Franzoso J, Llaguno M, Fernández B, Pereira A, Duran-Lara EF, Schwartz S, Abasolo I. Intracellular Delivery of Anti-Kirsten Rat Sarcoma Antibodies Mediated by Polymeric Micelles Exerts Strong In Vitro and In Vivo Anti-Tumorigenic Activity in Kirsten Rat Sarcoma-Mutated Cancers. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:10398-10413. [PMID: 36795046 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c19897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene (KRAS) is one of the most well-known proto-oncogenes, frequently mutated in pancreatic and colorectal cancers, among others. We hypothesized that the intracellular delivery of anti-KRAS antibodies (KRAS-Ab) with biodegradable polymeric micelles (PM) would block the overactivation of the KRAS-associated cascades and revert the effect of its mutation. To this end, PM-containing KRAS-Ab (PM-KRAS) were obtained using Pluronic F127. The feasibility of using PM for antibody encapsulation as well as the conformational change of the polymer and its intermolecular interactions with the antibodies was studied, for the first time, using in silico modeling. In vitro, encapsulation of KRAS-Ab allowed their intracellular delivery in different pancreatic and colorectal cancer cell lines. Interestingly, PM-KRAS promoted a high proliferation impairment in regular cultures of KRAS-mutated HCT116 and MIA PaCa-2 cells, whereas the effect was neglectable in non-mutated or KRAS-independent HCT-8 and PANC-1 cancer cells, respectively. Additionally, PM-KRAS induced a remarkable inhibition of the colony formation ability in low-attachment conditions in KRAS-mutated cells. In vivo, when compared with the vehicle, the intravenous administration of PM-KRAS significantly reduced tumor volume growth in HCT116 subcutaneous tumor-bearing mice. Analysis of the KRAS-mediated cascade in cell cultures and tumor samples showed that the effect of PM-KRAS was mediated by a significant reduction of the ERK phosphorylation and a decrease in expression in the stemness-related genes. Altogether, these results unprecedently demonstrate that the delivery of KRAS-Ab mediated by PM can safely and effectively reduce the tumorigenicity and the stemness properties of KRAS-dependent cells, thus bringing up new possibilities to reach undruggable intracellular targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Rafael
- Drug Delivery & Targeting, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona 08035, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid 28029, Spain
- Functional Validation & Preclinical Research (FVPR)/U20 ICTS Nanbiosis, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona 08035, Spain
| | - Sara Montero
- Drug Delivery & Targeting, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona 08035, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Pilar Carcavilla
- Drug Delivery & Targeting, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona 08035, Spain
| | - Fernanda Andrade
- Drug Delivery & Targeting, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona 08035, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid 28029, Spain
- Departament de Farmàcia i Tecnologia Farmacèutica i Fisicoquímica, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - Júlia German-Cortés
- Drug Delivery & Targeting, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona 08035, Spain
| | - Zamira V Diaz-Riascos
- Drug Delivery & Targeting, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona 08035, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid 28029, Spain
- Functional Validation & Preclinical Research (FVPR)/U20 ICTS Nanbiosis, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona 08035, Spain
| | - Joaquin Seras-Franzoso
- Drug Delivery & Targeting, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona 08035, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Monserrat Llaguno
- Drug Delivery & Targeting, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona 08035, Spain
| | - Begoña Fernández
- Drug Delivery & Targeting, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona 08035, Spain
| | - Alfredo Pereira
- Departamento de Química Orgánica y Fisicoquímica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Metropolitan Region 8380492, Chile
| | - Esteban F Duran-Lara
- Bio and NanoMaterials Lab, Drug Delivery and Controlled Release, Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Talca, P.O. Box 747, Talca, Maule 1141, Chile
- Center for Nanomedicine, Diagnostic & Drug Development (ND3), Universidad de Talca, P.O. Box 747, Talca, Maule 1141, Chile
| | - Simó Schwartz
- Drug Delivery & Targeting, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona 08035, Spain
- Servei de Bioquímica, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona 08035, Spain
| | - Ibane Abasolo
- Drug Delivery & Targeting, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona 08035, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid 28029, Spain
- Functional Validation & Preclinical Research (FVPR)/U20 ICTS Nanbiosis, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona 08035, Spain
- Servei de Bioquímica, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona 08035, Spain
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Lechuga S, Braga-Neto MB, Naydenov NG, Rieder F, Ivanov AI. Understanding disruption of the gut barrier during inflammation: Should we abandon traditional epithelial cell lines and switch to intestinal organoids? Front Immunol 2023; 14:1108289. [PMID: 36875103 PMCID: PMC9983034 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1108289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Disruption of the intestinal epithelial barrier is a hallmark of mucosal inflammation. It increases exposure of the immune system to luminal microbes, triggering a perpetuating inflammatory response. For several decades, the inflammatory stimuli-induced breakdown of the human gut barrier was studied in vitro by using colon cancer derived epithelial cell lines. While providing a wealth of important data, these cell lines do not completely mimic the morphology and function of normal human intestinal epithelial cells (IEC) due to cancer-related chromosomal abnormalities and oncogenic mutations. The development of human intestinal organoids provided a physiologically-relevant experimental platform to study homeostatic regulation and disease-dependent dysfunctions of the intestinal epithelial barrier. There is need to align and integrate the emerging data obtained with intestinal organoids and classical studies that utilized colon cancer cell lines. This review discusses the utilization of human intestinal organoids to dissect the roles and mechanisms of gut barrier disruption during mucosal inflammation. We summarize available data generated with two major types of organoids derived from either intestinal crypts or induced pluripotent stem cells and compare them to the results of earlier studies with conventional cell lines. We identify research areas where the complementary use of colon cancer-derived cell lines and organoids advance our understanding of epithelial barrier dysfunctions in the inflamed gut and identify unique questions that could be addressed only by using the intestinal organoid platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana Lechuga
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Manuel B. Braga-Neto
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Digestive Diseases and Surgery Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Nayden G. Naydenov
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Florian Rieder
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, United States
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Digestive Diseases and Surgery Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Andrei I. Ivanov
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, United States
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71
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El-Daly SM, Abo-Elfadl MT, Hussein J, Abo-Zeid MAM. Enhancement of the antitumor effect of 5-fluorouracil with modulation in drug transporters expression using PI3K inhibitors in colorectal cancer cells. Life Sci 2023; 315:121320. [PMID: 36574946 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.121320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
AIMS 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) represents the cornerstone for colorectal cancer therapy. However, resistance to its action is a major hindrance. This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of suppressing the activity of PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway on the chemosensitivity of colorectal cancer cells to 5-FU, as well as to delineate the possible underlying cellular mechanisms and the expected modulation in the expression of specific ABC drug transporters. MAIN METHODS HCT116 and Caco-2 cells were incubated with 5-FU, LY294002, or PI-103 individually or in combination. Cell viability was monitored using MTT assay. The expression of a panel of drug transporters was evaluated by RT-PCR. Immunofluorescence staining was applied to evaluate the expression pattern of phospho-AKT, phospho-mTOR, and ABGG2. HPLC evaluated the enhancement in the 5-FU cellular uptake. Cell apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry, and cell morphological changes following treatment were inspected under a fluorescence microscope. Additionally, the migration ability of cells following our suggested treatment combination was examined by wound healing assay. KEY FINDINGS The results reveal a notable enhancement in the cytotoxicity of a low dose of 5-FU when combined with a PI3K inhibitor (LY294002 or PI-103). This enhancement was influenced by the significant reduction in the expression of p-AKT and p-mTOR and was also mediated by a significant suppression in the expression of ABCG2 and ABCC5. Consequently, we detected an increase in the cellular uptake and concentration of 5-FU in cells treated with this combination rather than a single 5-FU treatment. Our Suggested combination treatment also induced cell apoptosis and reduced the migration ability of cells. SIGNIFICANCE Our data provide evidence that survival signaling pathways represent distinctive targets for the enhancement of chemotherapeutic sensitivity. The antitumor efficacy of 5-FU is enhanced when combined with a PI3K inhibitor, and this effect was mediated by alterations in the expression of specific drug transporters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherien M El-Daly
- Medical Biochemistry Department, Medicine and Clinical Studies Research Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki, 12622, Cairo, Egypt; Cancer Biology and Genetics Laboratory, Centre of Excellence for Advanced Sciences, National Research Centre, Dokki, 12622, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Mahmoud T Abo-Elfadl
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Laboratory, Centre of Excellence for Advanced Sciences, National Research Centre, Dokki, 12622, Cairo, Egypt; Biochemistry Department, Biotechnology Research Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki, 12622, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Jihan Hussein
- Medical Biochemistry Department, Medicine and Clinical Studies Research Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki, 12622, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mona A M Abo-Zeid
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Laboratory, Centre of Excellence for Advanced Sciences, National Research Centre, Dokki, 12622, Cairo, Egypt; Genetics and Cytology Department, Biotechnology Research Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki, 12622, Cairo, Egypt
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72
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Junaid F, Tomic G, Kemp R, Winton DJ. Single-copy Snail upregulation causes partial epithelial-mesenchymal transition in colon cancer cells. BMC Cancer 2023; 23:153. [PMID: 36788501 PMCID: PMC9926732 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-023-10581-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is an embryonic programme implicated in cancer stem cells, metastasis and therapeutic resistance. Its role in cancer progression remains controversial because the transition can be partial or complete in different models and contexts. METHODS Using human colon cancer DLD-1 cells, we engineered a cell line with a single-copy of Snail that was doxycycline-inducible and compared it to existing EMT models in DLD-1. The effect of Snail upregulation was characterised functionally, morphologically, and by transcriptional profiling and protein expression. RESULTS Induction with doxycycline increased Snail expression to a level similar to that observed in cancer cell lines spontaneously expressing Snail and results in partial EMT. In comparison, higher levels of overexpression arising from introduction of episomal-Snail, results in complete EMT. DLD-1 cells with partial EMT show chemoresistance in vitro, increased tumour growth in vivo and decreased apoptosis. CONCLUSIONS These findings highlight that the amount of bioavailable Snail can dictate phenotypic outcome and that partial EMT may be a preferred outcome of models operating within a natural range of Snail overexpression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Junaid
- Cancer Research UK – Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0RE UK
| | - Goran Tomic
- Cancer Research UK – Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0RE UK
| | - Richard Kemp
- Cancer Research UK – Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0RE UK
| | - Doug J. Winton
- Cancer Research UK – Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0RE UK
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73
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Vélez-Vargas LC, Santa-González GA, Uribe D, Henao-Castañeda IC, Pedroza-Díaz J. In Vitro and In Silico Study on the Impact of Chlorogenic Acid in Colorectal Cancer Cells: Proliferation, Apoptosis, and Interaction with β-Catenin and LRP6. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:276. [PMID: 37259421 PMCID: PMC9960681 DOI: 10.3390/ph16020276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer mortality rate and highly altered proteins from the Wnt/β-catenin pathway increase the scientific community's interest in finding alternatives for prevention and treatment. This study aims to determine the biological effect of chlorogenic acid (CGA) on two colorectal cancer cell lines, HT-29 and SW480, and its interactions with β-catenin and LRP6 to elucidate a possible modulatory mechanism on the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. These effects were determined by propidium iodide and DiOC6 for mitochondrial membrane permeability, MitoTracker Red for mitochondrial ROS production, DNA content for cell distribution on cell cycle phases, and molecular docking for protein-ligand interactions and binding affinity. Here, it was found that CGA at 2000 µM significantly affects cell viability and causes DNA fragmentation in SW480 cells rather than in HT-29 cells, but in both cell lines, it induces ROS production. Additionally, CGA has similar affinity and interactions for LRP6 as niclosamide but has a higher affinity for both β-catenin sites than C2 and iCRT14. These results suggest a possible modulatory role of CGA over the Wnt/β-catenin pathway in colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Catalina Vélez-Vargas
- Grupo de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Aplicadas, Instituto Tecnológico Metropolitano, Medellin 050012, Colombia
- Productos Naturales Marinos, Facultad de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y Alimentarias, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellin 050010, Colombia
| | - Gloria A. Santa-González
- Grupo de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Aplicadas, Instituto Tecnológico Metropolitano, Medellin 050012, Colombia
| | - Diego Uribe
- Grupo de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Aplicadas, Instituto Tecnológico Metropolitano, Medellin 050012, Colombia
| | - Isabel C. Henao-Castañeda
- Productos Naturales Marinos, Facultad de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y Alimentarias, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellin 050010, Colombia
| | - Johanna Pedroza-Díaz
- Grupo de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Aplicadas, Instituto Tecnológico Metropolitano, Medellin 050012, Colombia
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Li SY, Yoshida Y, Kubota M, Zhang BS, Matsutani T, Ito M, Yajima S, Yoshida K, Mine S, Machida T, Hayashi A, Takemoto M, Yokote K, Ohno M, Nishi E, Kitamura K, Kamitsukasa I, Takizawa H, Sata M, Yamagishi K, Iso H, Sawada N, Tsugane S, Iwase K, Shimada H, Iwadate Y, Hiwasa T. Utility of atherosclerosis-associated serum antibodies against colony-stimulating factor 2 in predicting the onset of acute ischemic stroke and prognosis of colorectal cancer. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1042272. [PMID: 36844744 PMCID: PMC9954151 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1042272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Autoantibodies against inflammatory cytokines may be used for the prevention of atherosclerosis. Preclinical studies consider colony-stimulating factor 2 (CSF2) as an essential cytokine with a causal relationship to atherosclerosis and cancer. We examined the serum anti-CSF2 antibody levels in patients with atherosclerosis or solid cancer. Methods We measured the serum anti-CSF2 antibody levels via amplified luminescent proximity homogeneous assay-linked immunosorbent assay based on the recognition of recombinant glutathione S-transferase-fused CSF2 protein or a CSF2-derived peptide as the antigen. Results The serum anti-CSF2 antibody (s-CSF2-Ab) levels were significantly higher in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS), acute myocardial infarction (AMI), diabetes mellitus (DM), and chronic kidney disease (CKD) compared with healthy donors (HDs). In addition, the s-CSF2-Ab levels were associated with intima-media thickness and hypertension. The analyzes of samples obtained from a Japan Public Health Center-based prospective study suggested the utility of s-CSF2-Ab as a risk factor for AIS. Furthermore, the s-CSF2-Ab levels were higher in patients with esophageal, colorectal, gastric, and lung cancer than in HDs but not in those with mammary cancer. In addition, the s-CSF2-Ab levels were associated with unfavorable postoperative prognosis in colorectal cancer (CRC). In CRC, the s-CSF2-Ab levels were more closely associated with poor prognosis in patients with p53-Ab-negative CRC despite the lack of significant association of the anti-p53 antibody (p53-Ab) levels with the overall survival. Conclusion S-CSF2-Ab was useful for the diagnosis of atherosclerosis-related AIS, AMI, DM, and CKD and could discriminate poor prognosis, especially in p53-Ab-negative CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Yang Li
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yoichi Yoshida
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
- Comprehensive Stroke Center, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Masaaki Kubota
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Bo-Shi Zhang
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Tomoo Matsutani
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Masaaki Ito
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Toho University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Yajima
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Toho University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kimihiko Yoshida
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Toho University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Seiichiro Mine
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Chiba Prefectural Sawara Hospital, Chiba, Japan
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Chiba Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Chiba, Japan
| | - Toshio Machida
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Chiba Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Chiba, Japan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Eastern Chiba Medical Center, Chiba, Japan
| | - Aiko Hayashi
- Department of Endocrinology, Hematology and Gerontology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Minoru Takemoto
- Department of Endocrinology, Hematology and Gerontology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
- Department of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, School of Medicine, International University of Health and Welfare, Chiba, Japan
| | - Koutaro Yokote
- Department of Endocrinology, Hematology and Gerontology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Mikiko Ohno
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Department of Pharmacology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - Eiichiro Nishi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Department of Pharmacology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Shiga, Japan
| | | | | | - Hirotaka Takizawa
- Port Square Kashiwado Clinic, Kashiwado Memorial Foundation, Chiba, Japan
| | - Mizuki Sata
- Department of Public Health Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, and Health Services Research and Development Center, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazumasa Yamagishi
- Department of Public Health Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, and Health Services Research and Development Center, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Hiroyasu Iso
- Public Health, Department of Social Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Norie Sawada
- Division of Cohort Research, National Cancer Center Institute for Cancer Control, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shoichiro Tsugane
- Division of Cohort Research, National Cancer Center Institute for Cancer Control, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Katsuro Iwase
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hideaki Shimada
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Toho University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Toho University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuo Iwadate
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
- Comprehensive Stroke Center, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Takaki Hiwasa
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
- Comprehensive Stroke Center, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba, Japan
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Toho University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Synthesis of 1,4-Dialkoxynaphthalene-Based Imidazolium Salts and Their Cytotoxicity in Cancer Cell Lines. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032713. [PMID: 36769036 PMCID: PMC9917024 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we designed and synthesized novel 1,4-dialkoxynaphthalene-2-alkyl imidazolium salt (IMS) derivatives containing both 1,4-dialkoxynaphthalene and imidazole, which are well known as pharmacophores. The cytotoxicities of these newly synthesized IMS derivatives were investigated in order to explore the possibility of using them to develop anticancer drugs. It was found that some of the new IMS derivatives showed good cytotoxic activities. In addition, an initial, qualitative structure-activity relationship is presented on the basis of observations of activity changes corresponding to structural changes.
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Xanthones from Gentianella acuta (Michx.) Hulten Ameliorate Colorectal Carcinoma via the PI3K/Akt/mTOR Signaling Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032279. [PMID: 36768602 PMCID: PMC9917368 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal carcinoma (CRC) is a kind of malignant tumor closely related to ulcerative colitis. Xanthone derivatives are one of the most promising therapeutic drugs which have been used in phase I/II clinical trials for cancer therapy. Our previous study indicated that the aerial parts of Gentianella acuta Michx. Hulten (GA) was rich in xanthones and showed a good therapeutic effect on ulcerative colitis in mice, suggesting that GA xanthones might have some therapeutic or ameliorative effects on CRC. However, no relevant study has been reported. This study aims to find the effective substances of GA inhibiting CRC and clarify their mechanism. Solvent extraction, column chromatographic separation, and LC-MS analysis were used to characterize the 70% EtOH extract of GA and track xanthones abundant fraction XF. MTT assay was carried out to clarify the activity of GA fractions; the result showed XF to be the main active fraction. LC-MS analysis was executed to characterize XF, 38 xanthones were identified. Network pharmacology prediction, in vitro activity screening, and molecular docking assay were combined to predict the potential mechanism; the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway was found to be most important. Western blot assay on the main active xanthones 1,3,5-trihydroxyxanthone (16), 1,3,5,8-tetrahydroxyxanthone (17), 1,5,8-trihydroxy-3-methoxyxanthone (18), and 1,7-dihydroxy-3,8-dimethoxyxanthone (19) was used to verify the above prediction; these xanthones were found to inhibit the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway, and 17 played a significant role among them through Western blot assay using PI3K/AKT/mTOR agonist IGF-1. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that GA xanthones were effective compounds of GA inhibiting CRC by regulating PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway transduction, at least. Importantly, 1,3,5,8-tetrahydroxyxanthone (17), the most abundant active xanthone in GA, might be a candidate drug for CRC.
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Nozawa H, Taira T, Sonoda H, Sasaki K, Murono K, Emoto S, Yokoyama Y, Nagai Y, Abe S, Ishihara S. Enhancement of radiation therapy by indoleamine 2,3 dioxygenase 1 inhibition through multimodal mechanisms. BMC Cancer 2023; 23:62. [PMID: 36653774 PMCID: PMC9847047 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-023-10539-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) is an enzyme that converts tryptophan to kynurenine. IDO1 expression is found not only in tumor cells but also in immune cells and is associated with tumor proliferation and immune responses. IDO1 inhibitors and radiation may cooperatively suppress tumor proliferation through the alterations in the Wnt/β-catenin pathway, cell cycle, and immune response. We investigated the antitumor effects of combination therapy of an IDO1 inhibitor, 1-methyl tryptophan (1-MT), and radiation on colorectal cancer. METHODS In vitro experiments were conducted using human and murine colon cancer cell lines (HCT116, HT-29, and Colon26). Cell growth inhibition was assessed using a MTS assay and Clonogenic assay. Cells were cultured for 48 h with or without 500 µM 1-MT after exposure to radiation (4 Gy). Cell cycle effects and modulation of Wnt/β-catenin pathway were evaluated using western blot analysis, flow cytometry, RT-PCR. Subcutaneous Colon26 tumors in BALB/c mice were treated by oral 1-MT (6 mg/mL) for 2 weeks and/or local radiation (10 Gy/10 fr). Bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) incorporation in tumor cells and expression of differentiation markers of immune cells were evaluated using immunohistochemistry. RESULTS 1-MT and a small interfering RNA against IDO1 suppressed proliferation of all cell lines, which was rescued by kynurenine. Clonogenic assay showed that administration of 1-MT improved radiosensitivity by suppressing the Wnt/β-catenin pathway activated by radiation and enhancing cell cycle arrest induced by radiation. Combination therapy showed a further reduction in tumor burden compared with monotherapies or untreated control, inducing the highest numbers of intratumoral CD3 + and CD8 + T cells and the lowest numbers of Foxp3 + and BrdU-positive tumor cells. CONCLUSIONS The combination of 1-MT and radiation suppressed colon cancer cells in vitro and in vivo via multiple mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Nozawa
- grid.26999.3d0000 0001 2151 536XDepartment of Surgical Oncology, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8655 Japan
| | - Tetsuro Taira
- grid.26999.3d0000 0001 2151 536XDepartment of Surgical Oncology, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8655 Japan
| | - Hirofumi Sonoda
- grid.26999.3d0000 0001 2151 536XDepartment of Surgical Oncology, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8655 Japan
| | - Kazuhito Sasaki
- grid.26999.3d0000 0001 2151 536XDepartment of Surgical Oncology, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8655 Japan
| | - Koji Murono
- grid.26999.3d0000 0001 2151 536XDepartment of Surgical Oncology, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8655 Japan
| | - Shigenobu Emoto
- grid.26999.3d0000 0001 2151 536XDepartment of Surgical Oncology, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8655 Japan
| | - Yuichiro Yokoyama
- grid.26999.3d0000 0001 2151 536XDepartment of Surgical Oncology, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8655 Japan
| | - Yuzo Nagai
- grid.26999.3d0000 0001 2151 536XDepartment of Surgical Oncology, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8655 Japan
| | - Shinya Abe
- grid.26999.3d0000 0001 2151 536XDepartment of Surgical Oncology, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8655 Japan
| | - Soichiro Ishihara
- grid.26999.3d0000 0001 2151 536XDepartment of Surgical Oncology, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8655 Japan
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Gamage CDB, Kim JH, Yang Y, Taş İ, Park SY, Zhou R, Pulat S, Varlı M, Hur JS, Nam SJ, Kim H. Libertellenone T, a Novel Compound Isolated from Endolichenic Fungus, Induces G2/M Phase Arrest, Apoptosis, and Autophagy by Activating the ROS/JNK Pathway in Colorectal Cancer Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15020489. [PMID: 36672439 PMCID: PMC9857212 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15020489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most deadly type of cancer in the world and continuous investigations are required to discover novel therapeutics for CRC. Induction of apoptosis is one of the promising strategies to inhibit cancers. Here, we have identified a novel compound, Libertellenone T (B), isolated from crude extracts of the endolichenic fungus from Pseudoplectania sp. (EL000327) and investigated the mechanism of action. CRC cells treated by B were subjected to apoptosis detection assays, immunofluorescence imaging, and molecular analyses such as immunoblotting and QRT-PCR. Our findings revealed that B induced CRC cell death via multiple mechanisms including G2/M phase arrest caused by microtubule stabilization and caspase-dependent apoptosis. Further studies revealed that B induced the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) attributed to activating the JNK signaling pathway by which apoptosis and autophagy was induced in Caco2 cells. Moreover, B exhibited good synergistic effects when combined with the well-known anticancer drug, 5-FU, and another cytotoxic novel compound D, which was isolated from the same crude extract of EL000327. Overall, Libertellenone T induces G2/M phase arrest, apoptosis, and autophagy via activating the ROS/JNK pathway in CRC. Thus, B may be a potential anticancer therapeutic against CRC that is suitable for clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chathurika D. B. Gamage
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sunchon National University, 255 Jungang-ro, Sunchon, Jeonnam 57922, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Hyeon Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Yi Yang
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sunchon National University, 255 Jungang-ro, Sunchon, Jeonnam 57922, Republic of Korea
| | - İsa Taş
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sunchon National University, 255 Jungang-ro, Sunchon, Jeonnam 57922, Republic of Korea
| | - So-Yeon Park
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sunchon National University, 255 Jungang-ro, Sunchon, Jeonnam 57922, Republic of Korea
| | - Rui Zhou
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sunchon National University, 255 Jungang-ro, Sunchon, Jeonnam 57922, Republic of Korea
| | - Sultan Pulat
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sunchon National University, 255 Jungang-ro, Sunchon, Jeonnam 57922, Republic of Korea
| | - Mücahit Varlı
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sunchon National University, 255 Jungang-ro, Sunchon, Jeonnam 57922, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Seoun Hur
- Korean Lichen Research Institute, Sunchon National University, 255 Jungang-ro, Sunchon, Jeonnam 57922, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Jip Nam
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: (S.-J.N.); (H.K.)
| | - Hangun Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sunchon National University, 255 Jungang-ro, Sunchon, Jeonnam 57922, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: (S.-J.N.); (H.K.)
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Athikkavil FM, Aiswarya SU, Johny R, Sudhesh M, Nisthul AA, Lankalapalli RS, Anto RJ, Bava SV. A potent bioactive fraction against colon cancer from Plectranthus vettiveroides. EXPLORATION OF TARGETED ANTI-TUMOR THERAPY 2023; 4:227-239. [PMID: 37205312 PMCID: PMC10185442 DOI: 10.37349/etat.2023.00131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim This study was designed to investigate the anticancer efficacy of the organic leaf extracts of the plant, Plectranthus vettiveroides (P. vettiveroides), and to analyze the molecular mechanism of the anticancer activity. Methods The leaf extracts were prepared by polarity-graded serial extraction of the dried leaf powder. The cytotoxic effect of the extracts was analyzed by the 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. The most active ethyl acetate extract was subjected to bioactivity-guided fractionation by column chromatography, which yielded a cytotoxic fraction designated as the P. vettiveroides fraction (PVF). The anticancer property of PVF was confirmed further by clonogenic assay. The mechanism of PVF-induced cell death was analyzed by flow cytometry and fluorescence microscopy. Additionally, the effects of PVF on apoptotic and cell survival pathways were analyzed using western immunoblot analysis. Results A bioactive fraction PVF, was isolated from the ethyl acetate leaf extract. PVF showed significant anticancer activity against colon cancer cells, whilst normal cells were comparatively less affected. PVF induced strong apoptotic stimuli in colorectal carcinoma cell line HCT116, involving both extrinsic and intrinsic pathways. Investigation into the molecular mechanism of anticancer activity of PVF in HCT116 cells revealed that the fraction activates the pro-apoptotic pathway via tumor suppressor protein 53 (p53) and inhibits the anti-apoptotic pathway by regulating phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) signaling. Conclusions The findings of this study demonstrate, with mechanism-based evidence, the chemotherapeutic potential of a bioactive fraction PVF, derived from the leaves of the medicinal plant P. vettiveroides against colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faisal M. Athikkavil
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, University of Calicut, Malappuram 673635, India
| | - Sreekumar U. Aiswarya
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, University of Calicut, Malappuram 673635, India
- Division of Cancer Research, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram 695014, India
| | - Remya Johny
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, University of Calicut, Malappuram 673635, India
| | - Meghna Sudhesh
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, University of Calicut, Malappuram 673635, India
| | - Amrutha A. Nisthul
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, University of Calicut, Malappuram 673635, India
| | - Ravi S. Lankalapalli
- Chemical Sciences and Technology Division, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR)-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST), Thiruvananthapuram 695019, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Ruby J. Anto
- Division of Cancer Research, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram 695014, India
- Ruby J. Anto, Division of Cancer Research, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram 695014, India.
| | - Smitha V. Bava
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, University of Calicut, Malappuram 673635, India
- Correspondence: Smitha V. Bava, Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, University of Calicut, Malappuram 673635, India.
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Sharma SK, Yadav SK, Sharma U, Avti P, Rana S, Khanduja KL. Secretory Phospholipase A 2 (sPLA 2) Isozymes as Potential Targets in Tobacco Condensate- induced Colon Damage. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2023; 23:450-460. [PMID: 35638274 DOI: 10.2174/1871520622666220527094219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To find out the role of secretory phospholipase A2 (sPLA2) isozymes as potential targets in tobacco condensate-induced colon damage. BACKGROUND The effects of cigarette smoke condensate (CSC) and the molecular mechanisms involved in the regulation of phospholipase A2 (PLA2) and its isozymes in colon cells, which are still unclear and emerging, are studied. OBJECTIVES The study aimed to check the effect of CSC on cell viability and reactive oxygen species (ROS) and superoxide. Also, the effect of CSC on gene expression of different secretory phospholipase A2 (sPLA2) was evaluated. Moreover, the impact of inhibition of sPLA2 on various cell properties i.e. cell viability, cell proliferation, membrane damage and free radicals' generation is also studied. METHODS CSC-induced changes were evaluated in cell viability by MTT assay, followed by the evaluation of membrane modulation by flow cytometry, free radical generation by fluorescent dyes, PLA2 isoforms gene expression patterns and their suppression by small interfering RNA (siRNA) studied in HCT-15 male and HT-29 female colon cells. RESULTS Our results demonstrate that HCT-15 and HT-29 cells treated with CSC significantly reduced the cell viability by 50% within 48 h and significantly enhanced the total reactive oxygen species (ROS) by 2 to 10-fold, and mitochondrial ROS (mtROS) and superoxide radicals (SOR) by 2-fold each. Treatment with CSC significantly unregulated secretory phospholipase A2 (sPLA2) IID group and down-regulated IB and cytosolic phospholipase (cPLA2) IVA groups in HCT-15 cells without affecting them in HT-29 cells. Silencing the sPLA2 IID group results in an increase in cell viability and a decrease in ROS. Silencing the PLA2 IVA gene in the HCT-15 cells showed a reduced expression which had no impact on the CSC-induced cell proliferation, membrane damage and free radicals (ROS, mtROS, and SOR) generation. CONCLUSION Therefore, identifying cell-specific sPLA2 isozymes seems to play a key role in controlling the ROSinduced damage by CSC and helps develop specific therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjeev K Sharma
- Department of Biophysics, Postgraduate of Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Subodh K Yadav
- Department of Biophysics, Postgraduate of Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Ujjawal Sharma
- Department of Biotechnology, Maharishi Markandeshwar (deemed to be) University, Mullana, Haryana, India
| | - Pramod Avti
- Department of Biophysics, Postgraduate of Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Satyavati Rana
- Department of Gastroenterology, Postgraduate of Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Krishan L Khanduja
- Department of Biophysics, Postgraduate of Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
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Fleming-de-Moraes CD, Rocha MR, Tessmann JW, de Araujo WM, Morgado-Diaz JA. Crosstalk between PI3K/Akt and Wnt/β-catenin pathways promote colorectal cancer progression regardless of mutational status. Cancer Biol Ther 2022; 23:1-13. [PMID: 35944058 PMCID: PMC9367664 DOI: 10.1080/15384047.2022.2108690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The PI3K/Akt and Wnt/β-catenin pathways play an important role in the acquisition of the malignant phenotype in cancer. However, there are few data regarding the role of the interplay between both pathways in colorectal cancer (CRC) progression. The mutational status and the clinicopathological characteristics of PI3K/Akt and Wnt/β-catenin pathways were accessed by bioinformatic analysis whereas that the impact of the interplay between the activity of both pathways to explain tumorigenic potential was performed in vitro using IGF-1 and Wnt3a treatments in CRC cell models. The mutational status of these pathways did not influence the survival of CRC patients, but an association between clinicopathological characteristics in patients with mutations in one, but not in both pathways was observed. A potentiating effect on the activation of both pathways and enhanced cellular migration and proliferation was observed when both pathways were activated simultaneously with IGF-1 and Wnt3a. In addition, these effects were hindered after pretreatment with LY294002, a specific PI3K inhibitor, suggesting some dependence between these two signaling cascades. Our findings show that, regardless of mutational status, there is an interplay between the activity of PI3K/Akt and Wnt/β-catenin pathways that contributes to events related to CRC progression and that the reversal of such events using a PI3K inhibitor highlights the value of targeting these pathways for potential directed therapies in CRC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassio Dejair Fleming-de-Moraes
- Cellular and Molecular Oncobiology Program, Cellular Dynamic and Structure Group, Instituto Nacional de Cancer - INCA, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Murilo Ramos Rocha
- Cellular and Molecular Oncobiology Program, Cellular Dynamic and Structure Group, Instituto Nacional de Cancer - INCA, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Josiane Weber Tessmann
- Cellular and Molecular Oncobiology Program, Cellular Dynamic and Structure Group, Instituto Nacional de Cancer - INCA, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Wallace Martins de Araujo
- Cellular and Molecular Oncobiology Program, Cellular Dynamic and Structure Group, Instituto Nacional de Cancer - INCA, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Institute of Biological and Health Sciences, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Jose Andres Morgado-Diaz
- Cellular and Molecular Oncobiology Program, Cellular Dynamic and Structure Group, Instituto Nacional de Cancer - INCA, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Targeting Lysosomes in Colorectal Cancer: Exploring the Anticancer Activity of a New Benzo[ a]phenoxazine Derivative. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010614. [PMID: 36614056 PMCID: PMC9820173 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) has been ranked as one of the cancer types with a higher incidence and one of the most mortal. There are limited therapies available for CRC, which urges the finding of intracellular targets and the discovery of new drugs for innovative therapeutic approaches. In addition to the limited number of effective anticancer agents approved for use in humans, CRC resistance and secondary effects stemming from classical chemotherapy remain a major clinical problem, reinforcing the need for the development of novel drugs. In the recent years, the phenoxazines derivatives, Nile Blue analogues, have been shown to possess anticancer activity, which has created interest in exploring the potential of these compounds as anticancer drugs. In this context, we have synthetized and evaluated the anticancer activity of different benzo[a]phenoxazine derivatives for CRC therapy. Our results revealed that one particular compound, BaP1, displayed promising anticancer activity against CRC cells. We found that BaP1 is selective for CRC cells and reduces cell proliferation, cell survival, and cell migration. We observed that the compound is associated with reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, accumulates in the lysosomes, and leads to lysosomal membrane permeabilization, cytosolic acidification, and apoptotic cell death. In vivo results using a chicken embryo choriollantoic membrane (CAM) assay showed that BaP1 inhibits tumor growth, angiogenesis, and tumor proliferation. These observations highlight that BaP1 as a very interesting agent to disturb and counteract the important roles of lysosomes in cancer and suggests BaP1 as a promising candidate to be exploited as new anticancer lysosomal-targeted agent, which uses lysosome membrane permeabilization (LMP) as a therapeutic approach in CRC.
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Pagba C, Gupta AK, Naji AK, van der Hoeven D, Churion K, Liang X, Jakubec J, Hook M, Zuo Y, Martinez de Kraatz M, Frost JA, Gorfe AA. KRAS Inhibitor that Simultaneously Inhibits Nucleotide Exchange Activity and Effector Engagement. ACS BIO & MED CHEM AU 2022; 2:617-626. [PMID: 37101428 PMCID: PMC10125367 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomedchemau.2c00045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Abstract
We describe a small molecule ligand ACA-14 (2-hydroxy-5-{[(2-phenylcyclopropyl) carbonyl] amino} benzoic acid) as an initial lead for the development of direct inhibitors of KRAS, a notoriously difficult anticancer drug target. We show that the compound binds to KRAS near the switch regions with affinities in the low micromolar range and exerts different effects on KRAS interactions with binding partners. Specifically, ACA-14 impedes the interaction of KRAS with its effector Raf and reduces both intrinsic and SOS-mediated nucleotide exchange rates. Likely as a result of these effects, ACA-14 inhibits signal transduction through the MAPK pathway in cells expressing mutant KRAS and inhibits the growth of pancreatic and colon cancer cells harboring mutant KRAS. We thus propose compound ACA-14 as a useful initial lead for the development of broad-acting inhibitors that target multiple KRAS mutants and simultaneously deplete the fraction of GTP-loaded KRAS while abrogating the effector-binding ability of the already GTP-loaded fraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia
V. Pagba
- Department
of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6431 Fannin Street, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Amit K. Gupta
- Department
of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6431 Fannin Street, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Ali K. Naji
- Department
of Diagnostic and Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 7500 Cambridge Street, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Dharini van der Hoeven
- Department
of Diagnostic and Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 7500 Cambridge Street, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Kelly Churion
- Center
for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, 2121 W Holcombe Blvd, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Xiaowen Liang
- Department
of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6431 Fannin Street, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Jacob Jakubec
- Department
of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6431 Fannin Street, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Magnus Hook
- Center
for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, 2121 W Holcombe Blvd, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Yan Zuo
- Department
of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6431 Fannin Street, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Marisela Martinez de Kraatz
- Department
of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6431 Fannin Street, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Jeffrey A. Frost
- Department
of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6431 Fannin Street, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
- Biochemistry
and Cell Biology Program, UTHealth MD Anderson
Cancer Center Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 6431 Fannin Street, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Alemayehu A. Gorfe
- Department
of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6431 Fannin Street, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
- Biochemistry
and Cell Biology Program & Therapeutics and Pharmacology Program, UTHealth MD Anderson Cancer Center Graduate School
of Biomedical Sciences, 6431 Fannin Street, Houston, Texas 77030, United
States
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Napitupulu FI, Sulistyani S, Prangdimurti E, Wijaya CH. Inhibition of Colon Cancer Cells Via Apoptosis Pathway by Ethanolic Extract of Andaliman (Zanthoxylum Acanthopodium Dc.) Fruits. CURRENT RESEARCH IN NUTRITION AND FOOD SCIENCE JOURNAL 2022. [DOI: 10.12944/crnfsj.10.3.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Andaliman (Zanthoxylum acanthopodium DC.) is an exotic spice from North Sumatra (Indonesia) commonly added to enrich the flavor of Bataknese ethnic food because of its unique aroma and trigeminal sensation. Traditionally, it is also known to have health benefits in the gastrointestinal tract; however no studies have reported it. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the potency of Andaliman fruit to inhibit the proliferation of HCT-116 and WiDr colon cancer cells and its underlying mechanism of inhibition. Andaliman fruits were extracted using ethanol. The anti-proliferative effect was evaluated using the MTT test, and the underlying mechanism of inhibition was examined using the Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) and Hoechst staining. Bax and Bcl-2 proteins were used as the markers for the pro-apoptotic and anti-apoptotic gene expression analysis, respectively. Andaliman ethanolic extract showed potential bioactivity to inhibit the growth of WiDr and HCT-116 cells in vitro with IC50 of 95.61 μg.mL-1 and 94.64 μg.mL-1, respectively. The cytotoxicity effect of andaliman was rationalized by the gene expression of Bax and Bcl-2 in a non-dose-dependent manner. In addition, Andaliman extract could increase the apoptotic gene marker expression in both cells at half of their IC50, i.e. 47.81 μg.mL-1 and 47.32 μg.mL-1 for WiDr and HCT-116 cells, respectively. This study demonstrated that Andaliman fruit could be potentially developed as a functional food ingredient to prevent colon cancer by inducing the apoptosis mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florensia Irena Napitupulu
- 1Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, IPB University (Bogor Agricultural University), Bogor, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Sulistiyani Sulistyani
- 3Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, IPB University, Bogor (Bogor Agricultural University), Bogor, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Endang Prangdimurti
- 1Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, IPB University (Bogor Agricultural University), Bogor, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Christofora Hanny Wijaya
- 4Tropical Biopharmaca Research Center of Excellence, IPB University (Bogor Agricultural University), Bogor, West Java, Indonesia
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Rostkowska O, Olejniczak-Kęder A, Spychalski P, Szaryńska M, Kobiela J. Triiodothyronine lowers the potential of colorectal cancer stem cells in vitro. Oncol Rep 2022; 49:21. [PMID: 36484405 PMCID: PMC9773011 DOI: 10.3892/or.2022.8458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) play a key role in the development and progression of colorectal cancer (CRC), but the influence of triiodothyronine (T3) on the biological regulation of CSCs remains unclear. In the present study, it was reported that T3 exerts significant impact on CSCs of two CRC cell lines cultured in the form of colonospheres. It was observed that the incubation of colonospheres with T3 decreased the viability, proliferative and spherogenic potential of cancer cells (P<0.05). In addition, increased apoptotic rate of CRC cells treated with T3 was revealed. Furthermore, T3‑treated colonospheres were more likely to move into silenced pool in G0/G1 phase of the cell cycle. The smaller sizes of colonospheres observed after the treatment with T3 confirmed this conclusion. T3 could lower the proportion of primitive cells which supply the pool of proliferating cells within spheres. Thyroid receptors THRα1 and THRβ1 and two deiodinases (DIO2 and DIO3) were affected by T3 in manner depended on clinical stage of cancer and CRC cell line used for analysis. In summary, the present study uncovered a novel function of thyroid hormones signaling in the regulation of the CSCs of CRC, and these findings may be useful for developing novel therapies by targeting thyroid hormone functions in CRC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Rostkowska
- Department of General, Endocrine and Transplant Surgery, Medical University of Gdańsk, 80-214 Gdańsk, Poland
| | | | - Piotr Spychalski
- Department of General, Endocrine and Transplant Surgery, Medical University of Gdańsk, 80-214 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Magdalena Szaryńska
- Histology Department, Medical University of Gdańsk, 80-210 Gdansk, Poland,Correspondence to: Dr Magdalena Szaryńska, Histology Department, Medical University of Gdansk, 1 Dębinki Street, 80-210 Gdansk, Poland, E-mail:
| | - Jarek Kobiela
- Department of General, Endocrine and Transplant Surgery, Medical University of Gdańsk, 80-214 Gdańsk, Poland
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86
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Desai N, Morris JS, Baladandayuthapani V. NetCellMatch: Multiscale Network-Based Matching of Cancer Cell Lines to Patients Using Graphical Wavelets. Chem Biodivers 2022; 19:e202200746. [PMID: 36279370 PMCID: PMC10066864 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202200746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Cancer cell lines serve as model in vitro systems for investigating therapeutic interventions. Recent advances in high-throughput genomic profiling have enabled the systematic comparison between cell lines and patient tumor samples. The highly interconnected nature of biological data, however, presents a challenge when mapping patient tumors to cell lines. Standard clustering methods can be particularly susceptible to the high level of noise present in these datasets and only output clusters at one unknown scale of the data. In light of these challenges, we present NetCellMatch, a robust framework for network-based matching of cell lines to patient tumors. NetCellMatch first constructs a global network across all cell line-patient samples using their genomic similarity. Then, a multi-scale community detection algorithm integrates information across topologically meaningful (clustering) scales to obtain Network-Based Matching Scores (NBMS). NBMS are measures of cluster robustness which map patient tumors to cell lines. We use NBMS to determine representative "avatar" cell lines for subgroups of patients. We apply NetCellMatch to reverse-phase protein array data obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas for patients and the MD Anderson Cell Line Project for cell lines. Along with avatar cell line identification, we evaluate connectivity patterns for breast, lung, and colon cancer and explore the proteomic profiles of avatars and their corresponding top matching patients. Our results demonstrate our framework's ability to identify both patient-cell line matches and potential proteomic drivers of similarity. Our methods are general and can be easily adapted to other'omic datasets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neel Desai
- Division of Biostatistics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jeffrey S Morris
- Division of Biostatistics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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87
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Giolito MV, La Rosa T, Farhat D, Bodoirat S, Guardia GDA, Domon‐Dell C, Galante PAF, Freund J, Plateroti M. Regulation of the THRA gene, encoding the thyroid hormone nuclear receptor TRα1, in intestinal lesions. Mol Oncol 2022; 16:3975-3993. [PMID: 36217307 PMCID: PMC9718118 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.13298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The THRA gene, encoding the thyroid hormone nuclear receptor TRα1, is expressed in an increasing gradient at the bottom of intestinal crypts, overlapping with high Wnt and Notch activities. Importantly, THRA is upregulated in colorectal cancers, particularly in the high-Wnt molecular subtype. The basis of this specific and/or altered expression pattern has remained unknown. To define the mechanisms controlling THRA transcription and TRα1 expression, we used multiple in vitro and ex vivo approaches. Promoter analysis demonstrated that transcription factors important for crypt homeostasis and altered in colorectal cancers, such as transcription factor 7-like 2 (TCF7L2; Wnt pathway), recombining binding protein suppressor of hairless (RBPJ; Notch pathway), and homeobox protein CDX2 (epithelial cell identity), modulate THRA activity. Specifically, although TCF7L2 and CDX2 stimulated THRA, RBPJ induced its repression. In-depth analysis of the Wnt-dependent increase showed direct regulation of the THRA promoter in cells and of TRα1 expression in murine enteroids. Given our previous results on the control of the Wnt pathway by TRα1, our new results unveil a complex regulatory loop and synergy between these endocrine and epithelial-cell-intrinsic signals. Our work describes, for the first time, the regulation of the THRA gene in specific cell and tumor contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Virginia Giolito
- Inserm, IRFAC/UMR‐S1113, FMTS, Université de StrasbourgFrance,INSERM U1052, CNRS UMR5286, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de LyonFrance
| | - Théo La Rosa
- INSERM U1052, CNRS UMR5286, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de LyonFrance,Present address:
Stem‐Cell and Brain Research Institute, U1208 INSERM, USC1361 INRABronFrance
| | - Diana Farhat
- Inserm, IRFAC/UMR‐S1113, FMTS, Université de StrasbourgFrance,INSERM U1052, CNRS UMR5286, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de LyonFrance
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Michelina Plateroti
- Inserm, IRFAC/UMR‐S1113, FMTS, Université de StrasbourgFrance,INSERM U1052, CNRS UMR5286, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de LyonFrance
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88
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Saint-Martin A, Morquecho-León MA, Castañeda-Patlán MC, Robles-Flores M. Hypoxia-inducible factors, mTOR, and astrin constitute an integrative regulatory network in colon cancer cells. Biochem Biophys Rep 2022; 32:101336. [PMID: 36111249 PMCID: PMC9467878 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2022.101336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Astrin/SPAG5 is a mitotic spindle protein found to be overexpressed in several human cancers, functioning as an oncogene. The expression of Astrin has not been reported so far in colon cancer, nor has it been related to HIFs expression or action. Since mTOR, Astrin, and hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) are involved in promoting the growth and survival of cancer cells, we investigated the possible interaction between them in cultured colon cancer cells. Both Astrin and HIF-1α and HIF-2α protein levels were found only expressed in colon cancer cells compared with nonmalignant cells. Our data indicate that mTOR stimulates both Astrin and HIFs expression, but notably, mTORC activity seems to be independent of Astrin expression levels. However, while HIF-1α or HIF-2α stable knockdown increased Astrin expression, mTOR activity was affected in an opposite way by HIF-1α or HIF-2α silencing, indicating that HIF-1α inhibits mTOR while HIF-2α stimulates its activity. These data suggest that mTOR, Astrin, and HIFs compose an integrative network interacting to activate positive or negative regulatory loops probably to coordinate cancer cell growth, metabolism, and survival under oncogenic stress. Colon cancer cells overexpress the mitotic spindle protein Astrin/SPAG5. The mTORC induces Astrin and HIFs expression, connecting them in a survival regulatory mechanism. Silencing either HIF-1α or HIF-2α in malignant cells significantly increases Astrin expression. Silencing of HIF-1α results in mTORC activity enhancement, while HIF-2α silencing results in mTORC activity inhibition.
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89
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Ali SR, Humphreys KJ, Simpson K, McKinnon RA, Meech R, Michael MZ. Functional high-throughput screen identifies microRNAs that promote butyrate-induced death in colorectal cancer cells. MOLECULAR THERAPY - NUCLEIC ACIDS 2022; 30:30-47. [PMID: 36189423 PMCID: PMC9485215 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2022.08.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The gut fermentation product butyrate displays anti-cancer properties in the human proximal colon, including the ability to inhibit proliferation and induce apoptosis in colorectal cancer (CRC) cells. A natural histone deacetylase inhibitor (HDACi), butyrate can alter histone acetylation patterns in CRC cells, and thereby regulate global gene expression, including the non-coding transcriptome and microRNAs (miRNAs). Dysregulated miRNA expression affects CRC development and progression; however, the interplay between miRNA activity and butyrate response remains to be elucidated. A high-throughput functional screen was employed to identify miRNAs that can act as enhancers of the anti-cancer properties of butyrate. Validation studies confirmed that several miRNAs, including miR-125b, miR-181a, miR-593, and miR-1227, enhanced apoptosis, decreased proliferation, and promoted cell-cycle arrest in the presence of butyrate. Pathway analyses of predicted miRNA target genes highlighted their likely involvement in critical cancer-related growth pathways, including WNT and PI3K signaling. Several cancer-associated miRNA targets, including TRIM29, COX2, PIK3R3, CCND1, MET, EEF2K, DVL3, and NUP62 were synergistically regulated by the combination of cognate miRNAs and butyrate. Overall, this study has exposed the potential of miRNAs to act as enhancers of the anti-cancer effects of HDAC inhibition and identifies specific miRNAs that might be exploited for therapeutic benefit.
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90
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Boustany LM, LaPorte SL, Wong L, White C, Vinod V, Shen J, Yu W, Koditek D, Winter MB, Moore SJ, Mei L, Diep L, Huang Y, Liu S, Vasiljeva O, West J, Richardson J, Irving B, Belvin M, Kavanaugh WM. A Probody T Cell-Engaging Bispecific Antibody Targeting EGFR and CD3 Inhibits Colon Cancer Growth with Limited Toxicity. Cancer Res 2022; 82:4288-4298. [PMID: 36112781 PMCID: PMC9664135 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-21-2483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
T cell-engaging bispecific antibodies (TCB) are highly potent therapeutics that can recruit and activate cytotoxic T cells to stimulate an antitumor immune response. However, the development of TCBs against solid tumors has been limited by significant on-target toxicity to normal tissues. Probody therapeutics have been developed as a novel class of recombinant, protease-activated antibody prodrugs that are "masked" to reduce antigen binding in healthy tissues but can become conditionally unmasked by proteases that are preferentially active in the tumor microenvironment (TME). Here, we describe the preclinical efficacy and safety of CI107, a Probody TCB targeting EGFR and CD3. In vitro, the protease-activated, unmasked CI107 effectively bound EGFR and CD3 expressed on the surface of cells and induced T-cell activation, cytokine release, and cytotoxicity toward tumor cells. In contrast, dually masked CI107 displayed a >500-fold reduction in antigen binding and >15,000-fold reduction in cytotoxic activity. In vivo, CI107 potently induced dose-dependent tumor regression of established colon cancer xenografts in mice engrafted with human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Furthermore, the MTD of CI107 in cynomolgus monkeys was more than 60-fold higher than that of the unmasked TCB, and much lower levels of toxicity were observed in animals receiving CI107. Therefore, by localizing activity to the TME and thus limiting toxicity to normal tissues, this Probody TCB demonstrates the potential to expand clinical opportunities for TCBs as effective anticancer therapies for solid tumor indications. SIGNIFICANCE A conditionally active EGFR-CD3 T cell-engaging Probody therapeutic expands the safety window of bispecific antibodies while maintaining efficacy in preclinical solid tumor settings.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Laurie Wong
- CytomX Therapeutics, Inc, South San Francisco, California
| | - Clayton White
- CytomX Therapeutics, Inc, South San Francisco, California
| | - Veena Vinod
- CytomX Therapeutics, Inc, South San Francisco, California
| | - Joel Shen
- CytomX Therapeutics, Inc, South San Francisco, California
| | - Wendy Yu
- CytomX Therapeutics, Inc, South San Francisco, California
| | - David Koditek
- CytomX Therapeutics, Inc, South San Francisco, California
| | | | | | - Li Mei
- CytomX Therapeutics, Inc, South San Francisco, California
| | - Linnea Diep
- CytomX Therapeutics, Inc, South San Francisco, California
| | | | - Shouchun Liu
- CytomX Therapeutics, Inc, South San Francisco, California
| | - Olga Vasiljeva
- CytomX Therapeutics, Inc, South San Francisco, California
| | - Jim West
- CytomX Therapeutics, Inc, South San Francisco, California
| | | | - Bryan Irving
- CytomX Therapeutics, Inc, South San Francisco, California
| | - Marcia Belvin
- CytomX Therapeutics, Inc, South San Francisco, California.,Corresponding Author: Marcia Belvin, CytomX Therapeutics, Inc, South San Francisco, CA 94080. Phone: 650-892-9803, E-mail:
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91
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Cuellar-Nuñez ML, Luzardo-Ocampo I, Lee-Martínez S, Larrauri-Rodríguez M, Zaldívar-Lelo de Larrea G, Pérez-Serrano RM, Camacho-Calderón N. Isothiocyanate-Rich Extracts from Cauliflower ( Brassica oleracea Var. Botrytis) and Radish ( Raphanus sativus) Inhibited Metabolic Activity and Induced ROS in Selected Human HCT116 and HT-29 Colorectal Cancer Cells. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph192214919. [PMID: 36429638 PMCID: PMC9691161 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192214919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Cruciferous vegetables such as cauliflower and radish contain isothiocyanates exhibiting chemoprotective effects in vitro and in vivo. This research aimed to assess the impact of cauliflower (CIE) and radish (RIE) isothiocyanate extracts on the metabolic activity, intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), and LDH production of selected human colorectal adenocarcinoma cells (HCT116 and HT-29 for early and late colon cancer development, respectively). Non-cancerous colon cells (CCD-33Co) were used as a cytotoxicity control. The CIE samples displayed the highest allyl isothiocyanate (AITC: 12.55 µg/g) contents, whereas RIE was the most abundant in benzyl isothiocyanate (BITC: 15.35 µg/g). Both extracts effectively inhibited HCT116 and HT-29 metabolic activity, but the CIE impact was higher than that of RIE on HCT116 (IC50: 0.56 mg/mL). Assays using the half-inhibitory concentrations (IC50) of all treatments, including AITC and BITC, displayed increased (p < 0.05) LDH (absorbance: 0.25-0.40 nm) and ROS release (1190-1697 relative fluorescence units) in both cell lines. BITC showed the highest in silico binding affinity with all the tested colorectal cancer molecular markers (NF-kB, β-catenin, and NRF2-NFE2). The theoretical evaluation of AITC and BITC bioavailability showed high values for both compounds. The results indicate that CIE and RIE extracts display chemopreventive effects in vitro, but additional experiments are needed to validate their effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mardey Liceth Cuellar-Nuñez
- Advanced Biomedical Research Center, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Queretaro 76140, Mexico
| | - Ivan Luzardo-Ocampo
- Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Queretaro 76230, Mexico
| | - Sarah Lee-Martínez
- Advanced Biomedical Research Center, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Queretaro 76140, Mexico
| | - Michelle Larrauri-Rodríguez
- Licenciatura en Medicina General, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Queretaro 76176, Mexico
| | | | - Rosa Martha Pérez-Serrano
- Advanced Biomedical Research Center, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Queretaro 76140, Mexico
| | - Nicolás Camacho-Calderón
- Advanced Biomedical Research Center, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Queretaro 76140, Mexico
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92
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Tan CH, Sim DSY, Lim SH, Mohd Mohidin TB, Mohan G, Low YY, Kam TS, Sim KS. Antiproliferative and Microtubule-stabilizing Activities of Two Iboga-vobasine Bisindoles Alkaloids from Tabernaemontana corymbosa in Colorectal Adenocarcinoma HT-29 Cells. PLANTA MEDICA 2022; 88:1325-1340. [PMID: 35100653 DOI: 10.1055/a-1755-5605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Two iboga-vobasine bisindoles, 16'-decarbomethoxyvoacamine (1: ) and its 19,20-dihydro derivative, 16'-decarbomethoxydihydrovoacamine (2: ) from Tabernaemontana corymbosa exhibited potent cytotoxicity against the human colorectal adenocarcinoma HT-29 cells in our previous studies. Bisindoles 1: and 2: selectively inhibited the growth of HT-29 cells without significant cytotoxicity to normal human colon fibroblasts CCD-18Co. Treatment with bisindoles 1: and 2: suppressed the formation of HT-29 colonies via G0/G1 cell cycle arrest and induction of mitochondrial apoptosis. Owing to its higher antiproliferative activity, bisindole 2: was chosen for the subsequent studies. Bisindole 2: inhibited the formation of HT-29 spheroids (tumor-like cell aggregates) in 3D experiments in a dose-dependent manner, while an in vitro tubulin polymerization assay and molecular docking analysis showed that bisindole 2: is a microtubule-stabilizing agent which is predicted to bind at the β-tubulin subunit at the taxol-binding site. The binding resulted in the generation of ROS, which consequently activated the oxidative stress-related cell cycle arrest and apoptotic pathways, viz., JNK/p38, p21Cip1/Chk1, and p21Cip1/Rb/E2F, as shown by microarray profiling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Hoe Tan
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, Jalan Profesor Diraja Ungku Aziz, Kuala Lumpur, Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Dawn Su Yin Sim
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, Jalan Profesor Diraja Ungku Aziz, Kuala Lumpur, Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Siew Huah Lim
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, Jalan Profesor Diraja Ungku Aziz, Kuala Lumpur, Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Taznim Begam Mohd Mohidin
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, Jalan Profesor Diraja Ungku Aziz, Kuala Lumpur, Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Gokula Mohan
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, Jalan Profesor Diraja Ungku Aziz, Kuala Lumpur, Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Yun Yee Low
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, Jalan Profesor Diraja Ungku Aziz, Kuala Lumpur, Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Toh Seok Kam
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, Jalan Profesor Diraja Ungku Aziz, Kuala Lumpur, Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Kae Shin Sim
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, Jalan Profesor Diraja Ungku Aziz, Kuala Lumpur, Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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93
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Qi Y, Zou H, Zhao X, Kapeleris J, Monteiro M, Li F, Xu ZP, Deng Y, Wu Y, Tang Y, Gu W. Inhibition of colon cancer K-RasG13D mutation reduces cancer cell proliferation but promotes stemness and inflammation via RAS/ERK pathway. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:996053. [PMID: 36386200 PMCID: PMC9650442 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.996053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
K-Ras is a well-studied oncogene, and its mutation is frequently found in epithelial cancers like pancreas, lung, and colorectal cancers. Cancer cells harboring K-Ras mutations are difficult to treat due to the drug resistance and metastasis properties. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are believed the major cause of chemotherapeutic resistance and responsible for tumor recurrence and metastasis. But how K-Ras mutation affects CSCs and inflammation is not clear. Here, we compared two colon cancer cell lines, HCT-116 and HT-29, with the former being K-RasG13D mutant and the latter being wildtype. We found that HCT-116 cells treated with a K-Ras mutation inhibitor S7333 formed significantly more tumor spheroids than the untreated control, while the wild type of HT-29 cells remained unchanged. However, the size of tumor spheroids was smaller than the untreated controls, indicating their proliferation was suppressed after S7333 treatment. Consistent with this, the expressions of stem genes Lgr5 and CD133 significantly increased and the expression of self-renewal gene TGF-β1 also increased. The flow cytometry analysis indicated that the expression of stem surface marker CD133 increased in the treated HCT-116 cells. To understand the pathway through which the G13D mutation induced the effects, we studied both RAS/ERK and PI3K/Akt pathways using specific inhibitors SCH772984 and BEZ235. The results indicated that RAS/ERK rather than PI3K/Akt pathway was involved. As CSCs play the initial role in cancer development and the inflammation is a vital step during tumor initiation, we analyzed the correlation between increased stemness and inflammation. We found a close correlation of increased Lgr5 and CD133 with proinflammatory factors like IL-17, IL-22, and IL-23. Together, our findings suggest that K-RasG13D mutation promotes cancer cell growth but decreases cancer stemness and inflammation thus tumorigenesis and metastasis potential in colon cancer. Inhibition of this mutation reverses the process. Therefore, care needs be taken when employing targeted therapies to K-RasG13D mutations in clinics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Qi
- Department of Pathology, Central People’s Hospital of Zhanjiang and Zhanjiang Central Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), University of Queensland (UQ), Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Hong Zou
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), University of Queensland (UQ), Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Department of Pathology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - XiaoHui Zhao
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), University of Queensland (UQ), Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Joanna Kapeleris
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), University of Queensland (UQ), Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Michael Monteiro
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), University of Queensland (UQ), Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Feng Li
- Department of Pathology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhi Ping Xu
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), University of Queensland (UQ), Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Yizhen Deng
- Gillion Biotherapeutics Ltd., Guangzhou Huangpu Industrial Zoon, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanheng Wu
- Gillion Biotherapeutics Ltd., Guangzhou Huangpu Industrial Zoon, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying Tang
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Ying Tang, ; Wenyi Gu,
| | - Wenyi Gu
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), University of Queensland (UQ), Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Gillion Biotherapeutics Ltd., Guangzhou Huangpu Industrial Zoon, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Ying Tang, ; Wenyi Gu,
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94
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Fragoso MF, Fernandez GJ, Vanderveer L, Cooper HS, Slifker M, Clapper ML. Dysregulation of miR-1-3p: An Early Event in Colitis-Associated Dysplasia. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:13024. [PMID: 36361810 PMCID: PMC9657954 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Detection of colorectal dysplasia during surveillance colonoscopy remains the best method of determining risk for colitis-associated colorectal cancer (CAC). miRNAs (miRs) show great promise as tissue-specific biomarkers of neoplasia. The goal of this study was to explore the miR expression profile of precancerous dysplastic lesions in the AOM/DSS mouse model and identify early molecular changes associated with CAC. Epithelial cells were laser-microdissected from the colonic mucosa (inflamed versus dysplastic) of mice with AOM/DSS-induced colitis. A miR signature that can distinguish inflamed non-neoplastic mucosa from dysplasia was identified. Bioinformatic analyses led to the discovery of associated miR gene targets and enriched pathways and supported the construction of a network interaction map. miR-1a-3p was one of the miRs with the highest number of predicted targets, including Cdk6. Interestingly, miR-1a-3p and Cdk6 were down- and up-regulated in dysplastic lesions, respectively. Transfection of HCT116 and RKO cells with miR-1a-3p mimics induced apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in G1, suggesting its biological function. A slight reduction in the level of CDK6 transcripts was also observed in cells transfected with miR-1. These data provide novel insight into the early molecular alterations that accompany the development of CAC and identify a miR signature that represents a promising biomarker for the early detection of colitis-associated dysplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana F. Fragoso
- Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA
| | - Geysson J. Fernandez
- Group Biología y Control de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Universidad de Antioquia–UdeA, Medellín 050010, Colombia
| | - Lisa Vanderveer
- Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA
| | - Harry S. Cooper
- Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA
- Department of Pathology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA
| | - Michael Slifker
- Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Facility, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA
| | - Margie L. Clapper
- Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA
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95
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Moench R, Gasser M, Nawalaniec K, Grimmig T, Ajay AK, de Souza LCR, Cao M, Luo Y, Hoegger P, Ribas CM, Ribas-Filho JM, Malafaia O, Lissner R, Hsiao LL, Waaga-Gasser AM. Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) cross-signaling via non-corresponding receptors indicates bypassed signaling in colorectal cancer. Oncotarget 2022; 13:1140-1152. [PMID: 36264073 PMCID: PMC9584432 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.28281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) signaling, besides other growth factor-mediated signaling pathways like vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and epidermal growth factor (EGF), seems to play a crucial role in tumor development and progression. We have recently provided evidence for upregulation of PDGF expression in UICC stage I-IV primary colorectal cancer (CRC) and demonstrated PDGF-mediated induction of PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling in CRC cell lines. The present study sought to follow up on our previous findings and explore the alternative receptor cross-binding potential of PDGF in CRC. Our analysis of primary human colon tumor samples demonstrated upregulation of the PDGFRβ, VEGFR1, and VEGFR2 genes in UICC stage I-III tumors. Immunohistological analysis revealed co-expression of PDGF and its putative cross-binding partners, VEGFR2 and EGFR. We then analyzed several CRC cell lines for PDGFRα, PDGFRβ, VEGFR1, and VEGFR2 protein expression and found these receptors to be variably expressed amongst the investigated cell lines. Interestingly, whereas Caco-2 and SW480 cells showed expression of all analyzed receptors, HT29 cells expressed only VEGFR1 and VEGFR2. However, stimulation of HT29 cells with PDGF resulted in upregulation of VEGFR1 and VEGFR2 expression despite the absence of PDGFR expression and mimicked the effect of VEGF stimulation. Moreover, PDGF recovered HT29 cell proliferation under simultaneous treatment with a VEGFR or EGFR inhibitor. Our results provide some of the first evidence for PDGF cross-signaling through alternative receptors in colorectal cancer and support anti-PDGF therapy as a combination strategy alongside VEGF and EGF targeting even in tumors lacking PDGFR expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romana Moench
- Renal Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Department of Surgery I, Molecular Oncology and Immunology, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg 97080, Bavaria, Germany
| | - Martin Gasser
- Department of Surgery I, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg 97080, Bavaria, Germany
| | - Karol Nawalaniec
- Renal Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Tanja Grimmig
- Department of Surgery I, Molecular Oncology and Immunology, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg 97080, Bavaria, Germany
| | - Amrendra K Ajay
- Renal Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | | | - Minghua Cao
- Renal Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Yueming Luo
- Renal Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Shenzhen 518033, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Petra Hoegger
- Institute for Pharmacy and Food Chemistry, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg 97074, Bavaria, Germany
| | - Carmen M Ribas
- Mackenzie Evangelical Faculty of Paraná, Curitiba 80730-000, Parana, Brazil
| | | | - Osvaldo Malafaia
- Mackenzie Evangelical Faculty of Paraná, Curitiba 80730-000, Parana, Brazil
| | - Reinhard Lissner
- Department of Surgery I, Molecular Oncology and Immunology, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg 97080, Bavaria, Germany
| | - Li-Li Hsiao
- Renal Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Co-senior investigators
| | - Ana Maria Waaga-Gasser
- Renal Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Department of Surgery I, Molecular Oncology and Immunology, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg 97080, Bavaria, Germany.,Co-senior investigators
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96
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Kwon JH, Lee NG, Kang AR, Ahn IH, Choi IY, Song JY, Hwang SG, Um HD, Choi JR, Kim J, Park JK. JNC-1043, a Novel Podophyllotoxin Derivative, Exerts Anticancer Drug and Radiosensitizer Effects in Colorectal Cancer Cells. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27207008. [PMID: 36296600 PMCID: PMC9607161 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27207008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine whether (5S)-5-(4-benzyloxy-3,5-dimethoxy-phenyl)-5,9-dihydro-8H-furo [3’,4’:6,7] naphtho [2,3-d] [1,3]dioxol-6-one (JNC-1043), which is a novel chemical derivative of β-apopicropodophyllin, acts as a novel potential anticancer reagent and radiosensitizer in colorectal cancer (CRC) cells. Firstly, we used MTT assays to assess whether JNC-1043 could inhibit the cell proliferation of HCT116 and DLD-1 cells. The IC50 values of these cell lines were calculated as 114.5 and 157 nM, respectively, at 72 h of treatment. Using doses approximating the IC50 values, we tested whether JNC-1043 had a radiosensitizing effect in the CRC cell lines. Clonogenic assays revealed that the dose-enhancement ratios (DER) of HCT116 and DLD-1 cells were 1.53 and 1.25, respectively. Cell-counting assays showed that the combination of JNC-1043 and γ-ionizing radiation (IR) enhanced cell death. Treatment with JNC-1043 or IR alone induced cell death by 50~60%, whereas the combination of JNC-1043 and IR increased this cell death by more than 20~30%. Annexin V-propidium iodide assays showed that the combination of JNC-1043 and IR increased apoptosis by more 30~40% compared to that induced by JNC-1043 or IR alone. DCFDA- and MitoSOX-based assays revealed that mitochondrial ROS production was enhanced by the combination of JNC-1043 and IR. Finally, we found that suppression of ROS by N-acetylcysteine (NAC) blocked the apoptotic cell death induced by the combination of JNC-1043 and IR. The xenograft model also indicated that the combination of JNC-1043 and IR increased apoptotic cell death in tumor mass. These results collectively suggest that JNC-1043 acts as a radiosensitizer and exerts anticancer effects against CRC cells by promoting apoptosis mediated by mitochondrial ROS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Hee Kwon
- Division of Radiation Biomedical Research, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul 01812, Korea
- Division of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Na-Gyeong Lee
- Division of Radiation Biomedical Research, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul 01812, Korea
| | - A-Ram Kang
- Division of Radiation Biomedical Research, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul 01812, Korea
| | - In-Ho Ahn
- J&C Sciences Co., Ltd., KAIST Moonji Campus F712, 193 Moonji-ro, Yusung-Gu, Daejeon 305-732, Korea
| | - In-Young Choi
- J&C Sciences Co., Ltd., KAIST Moonji Campus F712, 193 Moonji-ro, Yusung-Gu, Daejeon 305-732, Korea
| | - Jie-Young Song
- Division of Radiation Biomedical Research, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul 01812, Korea
| | - Sang-Gu Hwang
- Division of Radiation Biomedical Research, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul 01812, Korea
| | - Hong-Duck Um
- Division of Radiation Biomedical Research, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul 01812, Korea
| | - Jong-Ryoo Choi
- J&C Sciences Co., Ltd., KAIST Moonji Campus F712, 193 Moonji-ro, Yusung-Gu, Daejeon 305-732, Korea
| | - Joon Kim
- Division of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Jong Kuk Park
- Division of Radiation Biomedical Research, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul 01812, Korea
- Correspondence: (J.K.P.); Tel.: +82-02-970-1321
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97
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Grochowska A, Statkiewicz M, Kulecka M, Cybulska M, Sandowska-Markiewicz Z, Kopczynski M, Drezinska-Wolek E, Tysarowski A, Prochorec-Sobieszek M, Ostrowski J, Mikula M. Evidence supporting the oncogenic role of BAZ1B in colorectal cancer. Am J Cancer Res 2022; 12:4751-4763. [PMID: 36381331 PMCID: PMC9641411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Bromodomain Adjacent to Zinc Finger Domain 1B (BAZ1B) is involved in multiple nuclear processes, and its role in tumorigenesis is emerging. However, the function of BAZ1B in colorectal cancer (CRC) remains largely unexplored. High-density tissue microarrays comprising 100 pairs of matched normal colon and treatment-naïve CRC samples were analyzed by immunohistochemistry with an anti-BAZ1B antibody. The HCT116 and SW480 CRC cell lines were used for overexpression and small hairpin RNA-mediated BAZ1B knockdown models, respectively. Both cell lines were xenografted to immunodeficient NU/J mice to assess tumor burden. The molecular consequences of alterations of BAZ1B expression were assessed by RNA-Seq of xenografts and functional analyses using the Reactome database. Immunohistochemical analysis of BAZ1B showed that BAZ1B staining intensity was higher in 93 tumor specimens and significantly correlated with tumor size (P = 0.03), but not with the presence of KRAS mutation. BAZ1B overexpression significantly increased and its knockdown inhibited the proliferation of HCT116 and SW480 cell lines, respectively. These findings were reproduced when both cell lines were grown as xenografts. RNA-Seq of HCT116 and SW480 xenografts identified 2046 and 99 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) (adjusted P ≤ 0.05), respectively. Functional annotation of DEGs identified already established as well as new molecular processes dependent on BAZ1B protein expression. In conclusion, BAZ1B is overexpressed in CRC tissue and contributes to CRC cell proliferation in vitro and in vivo. The data support the emerging oncogenic role of BAZ1B in cancerogenesis including in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Grochowska
- Department of Genetics, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of OncologyWarsaw 02-781, Poland
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Clinical Oncology, Centre for Postgraduate Medical EducationWarsaw 01-813, Poland
| | - Malgorzata Statkiewicz
- Department of Genetics, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of OncologyWarsaw 02-781, Poland
| | - Maria Kulecka
- Department of Genetics, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of OncologyWarsaw 02-781, Poland
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Clinical Oncology, Centre for Postgraduate Medical EducationWarsaw 01-813, Poland
| | - Magdalena Cybulska
- Department of Genetics, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of OncologyWarsaw 02-781, Poland
| | | | - Michal Kopczynski
- Department of Genetics, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of OncologyWarsaw 02-781, Poland
| | - Edyta Drezinska-Wolek
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Diagnostics, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of OncologyWarsaw 02-781, Poland
| | - Andrzej Tysarowski
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Diagnostics, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of OncologyWarsaw 02-781, Poland
| | - Monika Prochorec-Sobieszek
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Diagnostics, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of OncologyWarsaw 02-781, Poland
| | - Jerzy Ostrowski
- Department of Genetics, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of OncologyWarsaw 02-781, Poland
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Clinical Oncology, Centre for Postgraduate Medical EducationWarsaw 01-813, Poland
| | - Michal Mikula
- Department of Genetics, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of OncologyWarsaw 02-781, Poland
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98
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Kwak AW, Park JW, Lee SO, Lee JY, Seo JH, Yoon G, Lee MH, Choi JS, Shim JH. Isolinderalactone sensitizes oxaliplatin-resistance colorectal cancer cells through JNK/p38 MAPK signaling pathways. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 105:154383. [PMID: 35987016 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Isolinderalactone (ILL), a sesquiterpene lactone compound, can be extracted from the root of Lindera aggregate. Physiological activities of ILL, including anti-inflammatory and anti-proliferative effects, have been investigated in multiple diseases. Nevertheless, little is known regarding its anti-cancer activities and the mechanism of action of ILL in targeting human CRC cells. PURPOSE To determine ILL-mediated anti-proliferative effects on oxaliplatin (Ox)-sensitive and resistant colorectal cancer (CRC) cells and underlying mechanisms involved in its effects focusing on signal transduction. METHODS Inhibitory effect of ILL on CRC cells was evaluated by analyzing mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) dysfunction and multi-caspase activity. Apoptosis-regulating proteins and JNK/p38 signaling molecules were monitored by Western blotting. ROS-dependent physiological modifications by ILL were confirmed by pretreatment with N-acetylcysteine (NAC). Moreover, the involvement of JNK/p38 signaling in ROS-mediated apoptosis was verified by treatment with SP600125 (JNK inhibitor) and SB203580 (p38 inhibitor). RESULTS ILL decreased cell viability and colony formation in both CRC Ox-sensitive (HCT116 and HT29) and Ox-resistant (OxR) (HCT116-OxR and HT29-OxR) cells. ILL induced G2/M phase cell cycle arrest, ROS generation, phosphorylated (p)JNK/p38 MAPK activation, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) depolarization, and multi-caspase activation, which eventually triggered apoptotic cell death of CRC cells. In addition, combined treatment with ILL and SP600125, SB203580, or pan-caspase inhibitor (Z-VAD-FMK) prevented decreases in cell viability seen after treatment with ILL alone. Pretreatment with NAC attenuated ILL-mediated apoptosis, ROS production, and p-JNK/p38 expression. CONCLUSION Taken together, our results suggest that ILL can exert its anticancer effect in CRC Ox-sensitive and OxR cells by inducing ROS-mediated apoptosis through JNK/p38 MAPK signaling pathways. This is the first study demonstrating that ILL has a potential to improve drug efficacy against resistance mechanisms, providing a new insight into therapeutic strategies targeting drug-resistant CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ah-Won Kwak
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Mokpo National University, Muan 58554, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Woo Park
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Mokpo National University, Muan 58554, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedicine, Health & Life Convergence Sciences, BK21 Four, College of Pharmacy, Mokpo National University, Jeonnam 58554, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-On Lee
- Department of Biomedicine, Health & Life Convergence Sciences, BK21 Four, College of Pharmacy, Mokpo National University, Jeonnam 58554, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Young Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Keimyung University, Daegu, 42601, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Hye Seo
- Department of Dental Pharmacology, School of Dentistry, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Goo Yoon
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Mokpo National University, Muan 58554, Republic of Korea
| | - Mee-Hyun Lee
- College of Korean Medicine, Dongshin University, Naju, Jeollanam 58245, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon-Seok Choi
- College of Pharmacy, Daegu Catholic University, Gyeongbuk 38430, Korea
| | - Jung-Hyun Shim
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Mokpo National University, Muan 58554, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedicine, Health & Life Convergence Sciences, BK21 Four, College of Pharmacy, Mokpo National University, Jeonnam 58554, Republic of Korea; The China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450008, PR China.
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99
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Seager A, Sharp L, Hampton JS, Neilson LJ, Lee TJW, Brand A, Evans R, Vale L, Whelpton J, Rees CJ. Trial protocol for COLO-DETECT: A randomized controlled trial of lesion detection comparing colonoscopy assisted by the GI Genius™ artificial intelligence endoscopy module with standard colonoscopy. Colorectal Dis 2022; 24:1227-1237. [PMID: 35680613 PMCID: PMC9796278 DOI: 10.1111/codi.16219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
AIM Colorectal cancer is the second commonest cause of cancer death worldwide. Colonoscopy plays a key role in the control of colorectal cancer and, in that regard, maximizing detection (and removal) of pre-cancerous adenomas at colonoscopy is imperative. GI Genius™ (Medtronic Ltd) is a computer-aided detection system that integrates with existing endoscopy systems and improves adenoma detection during colonoscopy. COLO-DETECT aims to assess the clinical and cost effectiveness of GI Genius™ in UK routine colonoscopy practice. METHODS AND ANALYSIS Participants will be recruited from patients attending for colonoscopy at National Health Service sites in England, for clinical symptoms, surveillance or within the national Bowel Cancer Screening Programme. Randomization will involve a 1:1 allocation ratio (GI Genius™-assisted colonoscopy:standard colonoscopy) and will be stratified by age category (<60 years, 60-<74 years, ≥74 years), sex, hospital site and indication for colonoscopy. Demographic data, procedural data, histology and post-procedure patient experience and quality of life will be recorded. COLO-DETECT is designed and powered to detect clinically meaningful differences in mean adenomas per procedure and adenoma detection rate between GI Genius™-assisted colonoscopy and standard colonoscopy groups. The study will close when 1828 participants have had a complete colonoscopy. An economic evaluation will be conducted from the perspective of the National Health Service. A patient and public representative is contributing to all stages of the trial. Registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT04723758) and ISRCTN (10451355). WHAT WILL THIS TRIAL ADD TO THE LITERATURE?: COLO-DETECT will be the first multi-centre randomized controlled trial evaluating GI Genius™ in real world colonoscopy practice and will, uniquely, evaluate both clinical and cost effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Seager
- South Tyneside and Sunderland NHS Foundation TrustSouth Tyneside District Hospital, South ShieldsTyne and WearUK,Newcastle University—Population Health Sciences InstituteNewcastle University Centre for CancerNewcastle Upon TyneUK
| | - Linda Sharp
- Newcastle University—Population Health Sciences InstituteNewcastle University Centre for CancerNewcastle Upon TyneUK
| | - James S. Hampton
- South Tyneside and Sunderland NHS Foundation TrustSouth Tyneside District Hospital, South ShieldsTyne and WearUK,Newcastle University—Population Health Sciences InstituteNewcastle University Centre for CancerNewcastle Upon TyneUK
| | - Laura J. Neilson
- South Tyneside and Sunderland NHS Foundation TrustSouth Tyneside District Hospital, South ShieldsTyne and WearUK
| | - Tom J. W. Lee
- Newcastle University—Population Health Sciences InstituteNewcastle University Centre for CancerNewcastle Upon TyneUK,Northumbria Healthcare NHS Foundation TrustNorth Tyneside General Hospital, North ShieldsUK
| | - Andrew Brand
- North Wales Organisation for Randomised Trials in Health (NWORTH)BangorUK
| | - Rachel Evans
- North Wales Organisation for Randomised Trials in Health (NWORTH)BangorUK
| | - Luke Vale
- Newcastle University—Health Economics Group, Population Health Sciences InstituteNewcastle University Centre for CancerNewcastle Upon TyneUK
| | - John Whelpton
- Patient and Participant Involvement RepresentativeNewcastle University‐Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University Centre for CancerNewcastle Upon TyneUK
| | - Colin J. Rees
- South Tyneside and Sunderland NHS Foundation TrustSouth Tyneside District Hospital, South ShieldsTyne and WearUK,Newcastle University—Population Health Sciences InstituteNewcastle University Centre for CancerNewcastle Upon TyneUK
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100
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FOLFOXIRI Resistance Induction and Characterization in Human Colorectal Cancer Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14194812. [PMID: 36230735 PMCID: PMC9564076 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14194812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
FOLFOXIRI, i.e., the combination of folinic acid, 5-fluorouracil, oxaliplatin, and irinotecan, is a first-line treatment for colorectal carcinoma (CRC), yet non-personalized and aggressive. In this study, to mimic the clinical situation of patients diagnosed with advanced CRC and exposed to a chronic treatment with FOLFOXIRI, we have generated the CRC cell clones chronically treated with FOLFOXIRI. A significant loss in sensitivity to FOLFOXIRI was obtained in all four cell lines, compared to their treatment-naïve calls, as shown in 2D cultures and heterotypic 3D co-cultures. Acquired drug resistance induction was observed through morphometric changes in terms of the organization of the actin filament. Bulk RNA sequencing revealed important upregulation of glucose transporter family 5 (GLUT5) in SW620 resistant cell line, while in the LS174T-resistant cell line, a significant downregulation of protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor S (PTPRS) and oxoglutarate dehydrogenase-like gene (OGDHL). This acquired resistance to FOLFOXIRI was overcome with optimized low-dose synergistic drug combinations (ODCs) acting via the Ras-Raf-MEK-ERK pathway. The ODCs inhibited the cell metabolic activity in SW620 and LS174T 3Dcc, respectively by up to 82%.
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