51
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Mroueh FM, Noureldein M, Zeidan YH, Boutary S, Irani SAM, Eid S, Haddad M, Barakat R, Harb F, Costantine J, Kanj R, Sauleau EA, Ouhtit A, Azar ST, Eid AH, Eid AA. Unmasking the interplay between mTOR and Nox4: novel insights into the mechanism connecting diabetes and cancer. FASEB J 2019; 33:14051-14066. [DOI: 10.1096/fj.201900396rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Mohsen Mroueh
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology, and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Mohamed Noureldein
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology, and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Youssef H. Zeidan
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology, and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Suzan Boutary
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology, and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Sara Abou Merhi Irani
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology, and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Stéphanie Eid
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology, and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Mary Haddad
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology, and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Rasha Barakat
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology, and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Frederic Harb
- Department of Life and Earth Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Lebanese University, Fanar, Lebanon
| | - Joseph Costantine
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Maroun Semaan Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Rouwaida Kanj
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Maroun Semaan Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Erik-André Sauleau
- Department of Biostatistics, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 7357 ICube, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Allal Ouhtit
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Sami T. Azar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
- American University of Beirut (AUB) Diabetes, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Ali H. Eid
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Assaad A. Eid
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology, and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
- American University of Beirut (AUB) Diabetes, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
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Abstract
It has been estimated that by 2030, the number of patients with diabetes aged > 64 years will be > 82 million in underdeveloped countries, and > 48 million in developed countries. Chronic hyperglycemia delays wound healing by reducing the expression of growth factors in the wound fluid and re-epithelialization. Impaired wound healing in patients with diabetes has also been associated with inhibition of the production of stromal cell-derived factor-1alpha by several tissues including bone marrow, brain, heart, spleen, and gingivae. Chronic hyperglycemia interferes with the osseointegration of implants by deferring the expression of fibronectin and integrins. Results from experimental studies have shown a significantly higher bone-to-implant contact around implants placed in healthy animals compared with animals with streptozotocin-induced diabetes. Moreover, persistent hyperglycemia plays a role in abnormal differentiation of osteoclasts, thereby making bone tissue more susceptible to resorption. Furthermore, persistent hyperglycemia has also been associated with increased peri-implant soft tissue inflammation (increased peri-implant bleeding on probing and probing depth) and crestal bone loss. Clinical studies have shown that under optimal glycemic control dental implants can show success and survival rates of up to 100% in patients diagnosed with diabetes. Although patients with diabetes can undergo dental implant therapy and can exhibit implant survival similar to those in systemically healthy individuals, the contribution of glycemic control and regular oral hygiene maintenance cannot be disregarded.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fawad Javed
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York.,Department of Oral Surgery and Implant Dentistry, Dental School, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Georgios E Romanos
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York.,Department of Oral Surgery and Implant Dentistry, Dental School, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
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53
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Decourcelle A, Loison I, Baldini S, Leprince D, Dehennaut V. Evidence of a compensatory regulation of colonic O-GlcNAc transferase and O-GlcNAcase expression in response to disruption of O-GlcNAc homeostasis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 521:125-130. [PMID: 31630803 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.10.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
O-GlcNAcylation is a post-translational modification of thousands of intracellular proteins that dynamically regulates many fundamental cellular processes. Cellular O-GlcNAcylation levels are regulated by a unique couple of enzymes: O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) and O-GlcNAcase (OGA), which adds and removes the GlcNAc residue, respectively. Maintenance of O-GlcNAc homeostasis is essential to ensure optimal cellular function and disruption of this homeostasis has been linked to the etiology of several human diseases including cancer. The mechanisms through which the cell maintains O-GlcNAc homeostasis are not fully understood but several studies have suggested that a reciprocal regulation of OGT and OGA expression could be one of them. In this study, we investigated the putative regulation of OGT and OGA expression in response to disruption in O-GlcNAc homeostasis in colon. We provide in vitro and in vivo evidences that in colon cells, modulation of O-GlcNAcylation levels leads to a compensatory regulation of OGT and OGA expression in an attempt to restore basal O-GlcNAcylation levels. Our results also suggests that the regulation of colonic OGA expression in response to changes in O-GlcNAc homeostasis occurs mostly at the transcriptional level whereas OGT regulation seems to rely mainly on post-transcriptional mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amélie Decourcelle
- Université de Lille, CNRS, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR8161, M3T: Mechanisms of Tumorigenesis and Targeted Therapies, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Ingrid Loison
- Université de Lille, CNRS, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR8161, M3T: Mechanisms of Tumorigenesis and Targeted Therapies, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Steffi Baldini
- Université de Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576 - UGSF - Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Dominique Leprince
- Université de Lille, CNRS, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR8161, M3T: Mechanisms of Tumorigenesis and Targeted Therapies, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Vanessa Dehennaut
- Université de Lille, CNRS, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR8161, M3T: Mechanisms of Tumorigenesis and Targeted Therapies, F-59000, Lille, France.
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54
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Tirinato L, Pagliari F, Di Franco S, Sogne E, Marafioti MG, Jansen J, Falqui A, Todaro M, Candeloro P, Liberale C, Seco J, Stassi G, Di Fabrizio E. ROS and Lipid Droplet accumulation induced by high glucose exposure in healthy colon and Colorectal Cancer Stem Cells. Genes Dis 2019; 7:620-635. [PMID: 33335962 PMCID: PMC7729111 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2019.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipid Droplets (LDs) are emerging as crucial players in colon cancer development and maintenance. Their expression has been associated with high tumorigenicity in Cancer Stem Cells (CSCs), so that they have been proposed as a new functional marker in Colorectal Cancer Stem Cells (CR-CSCs). They are also indirectly involved in the modulation of the tumor microenvironment through the production of pro-inflammatory molecules. There is growing evidence that a possible connection between metabolic alterations and malignant transformation exists, although the effects of nutrients, primarily glucose, on the CSC behavior are still mostly unexplored. Glucose is an essential fuel for cancer cells, and the connections with LDs in the healthy and CSC populations merit to be more deeply investigated. Here, we showed that a high glucose concentration activated the PI3K/AKT pathway and increased the expression of CD133 and CD44v6 CSC markers. Additionally, glucose was responsible for the increased amount of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) and LDs in both healthy and CR-CSC samples. We also investigated the gene modulations following the HG treatment and found out that the healthy cell gene profile was the most affected. Lastly, Atorvastatin, a lipid-lowering drug, induced the highest mortality on CR-CSCs without affecting the healthy counterpart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Tirinato
- Biomedical Physics in Radiation Oncology, DKFZ (German Cancer Research Center), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.,Physical Science and Engineering (PSE) Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, 88100 Loc. Germaneto, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Francesca Pagliari
- Biomedical Physics in Radiation Oncology, DKFZ (German Cancer Research Center), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.,Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering (BESE) Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Simone Di Franco
- Cellular and Molecular Pathophysiology Laboratory, Department of Surgical, Oncological and Stomatological Sciences, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Elisa Sogne
- Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering (BESE) Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maria Grazia Marafioti
- Biomedical Physics in Radiation Oncology, DKFZ (German Cancer Research Center), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jeanette Jansen
- Biomedical Physics in Radiation Oncology, DKFZ (German Cancer Research Center), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.,Ruprecht Karls University Heidelberg, Department of Physics, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andrea Falqui
- Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering (BESE) Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Matilde Todaro
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Patrizio Candeloro
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, 88100 Loc. Germaneto, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Carlo Liberale
- Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering (BESE) Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Joao Seco
- Biomedical Physics in Radiation Oncology, DKFZ (German Cancer Research Center), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.,Ruprecht Karls University Heidelberg, Department of Physics, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Giorgio Stassi
- Cellular and Molecular Pathophysiology Laboratory, Department of Surgical, Oncological and Stomatological Sciences, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Enzo Di Fabrizio
- Physical Science and Engineering (PSE) Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
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55
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Nagy T, Fisi V, Frank D, Kátai E, Nagy Z, Miseta A. Hyperglycemia-Induced Aberrant Cell Proliferation; A Metabolic Challenge Mediated by Protein O-GlcNAc Modification. Cells 2019; 8:E999. [PMID: 31466420 PMCID: PMC6769692 DOI: 10.3390/cells8090999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Revised: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic hyperglycemia has been associated with an increased prevalence of pathological conditions including cardiovascular disease, cancer, or various disorders of the immune system. In some cases, these associations may be traced back to a common underlying cause, but more often, hyperglycemia and the disturbance in metabolic balance directly facilitate pathological changes in the regular cellular functions. One such cellular function crucial for every living organism is cell cycle regulation/mitotic activity. Although metabolic challenges have long been recognized to influence cell proliferation, the direct impact of diabetes on cell cycle regulatory elements is a relatively uncharted territory. Among other "nutrient sensing" mechanisms, protein O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) modification emerged in recent years as a major contributor to the deleterious effects of hyperglycemia. An increasing amount of evidence suggest that O-GlcNAc may significantly influence the cell cycle and cellular proliferation. In our present review, we summarize the current data available on the direct impact of metabolic changes caused by hyperglycemia in pathological conditions associated with cell cycle disorders. We also review published experimental evidence supporting the hypothesis that O-GlcNAc modification may be one of the missing links between metabolic regulation and cellular proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamás Nagy
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary.
| | - Viktória Fisi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Dorottya Frank
- Department of Dentistry, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Medical School, University of Pécs, H-7621 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Emese Kátai
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Zsófia Nagy
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Attila Miseta
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary
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56
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Zhang J, Jamaluddin M, Zhang Y, Widen SG, Sun H, Brasier AR, Zhao Y. Type II Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition Upregulates Protein N-Glycosylation To Maintain Proteostasis and Extracellular Matrix Production. J Proteome Res 2019; 18:3447-3460. [PMID: 31424945 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.9b00342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Type II epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) plays a vital role in airway injury, repair, and remodeling. Triggered by growth factors, such as transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ), EMT induced a biological process that converts epithelial cells into secretory mesenchymal cells with a substantially increased production of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins. Epithelial cells are not professional secretory cells and produce few ECM proteins under normal conditions. The molecular mechanism underlying the transformation of the protein factory and secretory machinery during EMT is significant because ECM secretion is central to the pathogenesis of airway remodeling. Here we report that type II EMT upregulates the protein N-glycosylation of ECMs. The mechanism study reveals that the substantial increase in synthesis of ECM proteins in EMT activates the inositol-requiring protein 1 (IRE1α)-X-box-binding protein 1 (XBP1) axis of the unfolded protein response (UPR) coupled to the hexosamine biosynthesis pathway (HBP). These two pathways coordinately up-regulate the protein N-glycosylation of ECM proteins and increase ER folding capacity and ER-associated degradation (ERAD), which improve ER protein homeostasis and protect transitioned cells from proteotoxicity. Inhibition of the alternative splicing of XBP1 or protein N-glycosylation blocks ECM protein secretion, indicating the XBP1-HBP plays a prominent role in regulating the secretion of ECM proteins in the mesenchymal transition. Our data suggest that the activation of XBP1-HBP pathways and elevation of protein N-glycosylation is an adaptive response to maintain protein quality control and facilitate the secretion of ECM proteins during the mesenchymal transition. The components of the XBP1-HBP pathways may be therapeutic targets to prevent airway remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Allan R Brasier
- Institute for Clinical and Translational Research , University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health , Madison , Wisconsin 53705 , United States
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57
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Biwi J, Clarisse C, Biot C, Kozak RP, Madunic K, Mortuaire M, Wuhrer M, Spencer DIR, Schulz C, Guerardel Y, Lefebvre T, Vercoutter-Edouart AS. OGT Controls the Expression and the Glycosylation of E-cadherin, and Affects Glycosphingolipid Structures in Human Colon Cell Lines. Proteomics 2019; 19:e1800452. [PMID: 31373757 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201800452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Revised: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) affects both women and men living in societies with a high sedentary lifestyle. Amongst the phenotypic changes exhibited by tumor cells, a wide range of glycosylation has been reported for colon cancer-derived cell lines and CRC tissues. These aberrant modifications affect different aspects of glycosylation, including an increase in core fucosylation and GlcNAc branching on N-glycans, alteration of O-glycans, upregulated sialylation, and O-GlcNAcylation. Although O-GlcNAcylation and complex glycosylations differ in many aspects, sparse evidences report on the interference of O-GlcNAcylation with complex glycosylation. Nevertheless, this relationship is still a matter of debate. Combining different approaches on three human colon cell lines (HT29, HCT116 and CCD841CoN), it is herein reported that silencing O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT, the sole enzyme driving O-GlcNAcylation), only slightly affects overall N- and O-glycosylation patterns. Interestingly, silencing of OGT in HT29 cells upregulates E-cadherin (a major actor of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition) and changes its glycosylation. On the other hand, OGT silencing perturbs biosynthesis of glycosphingolipids resulting in a decrease in gangliosides and an increase in globosides. Together, these results provide novel insights regarding the selective regulation of complex glycosylations by O-GlcNAcylation in colon cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Biwi
- Université de Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576, UGSF, Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Charlotte Clarisse
- Université de Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576, UGSF, Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Christophe Biot
- Université de Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576, UGSF, Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Radoslaw Pawel Kozak
- Ludger Ltd, Culham Science Centre, OX14 3EB, Abingdon, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Katarina Madunic
- Leiden University Medical Centre, Centre for Proteomics and Metabolomics, 2333ZA, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Marlène Mortuaire
- Université de Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576, UGSF, Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Manfred Wuhrer
- Leiden University Medical Centre, Centre for Proteomics and Metabolomics, 2333ZA, Leiden, Netherlands
| | | | - Céline Schulz
- Université de Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576, UGSF, Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Yann Guerardel
- Université de Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576, UGSF, Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Tony Lefebvre
- Université de Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576, UGSF, Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, F-59000, Lille, France
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58
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Akella NM, Ciraku L, Reginato MJ. Fueling the fire: emerging role of the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway in cancer. BMC Biol 2019; 17:52. [PMID: 31272438 PMCID: PMC6610925 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-019-0671-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 217] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Altered metabolism and deregulated cellular energetics are now considered a hallmark of all cancers. Glucose, glutamine, fatty acids, and amino acids are the primary drivers of tumor growth and act as substrates for the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP). The HBP culminates in the production of an amino sugar uridine diphosphate N-acetylglucosamine (UDP-GlcNAc) that, along with other charged nucleotide sugars, serves as the basis for biosynthesis of glycoproteins and other glycoconjugates. These nutrient-driven post-translational modifications are highly altered in cancer and regulate protein functions in various cancer-associated processes. In this review, we discuss recent progress in understanding the mechanistic relationship between the HBP and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha M Akella
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19102, USA
| | - Lorela Ciraku
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19102, USA
| | - Mauricio J Reginato
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19102, USA.
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High Glucose Promotes Human Glioblastoma Cell Growth by Increasing the Expression and Function of Chemoattractant and Growth Factor Receptors. Transl Oncol 2019; 12:1155-1163. [PMID: 31207546 PMCID: PMC6580091 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2019.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Revised: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus, characterized by hyperglycemia, is considered as a risk factor of cancers including malignant gliomas. However, the direct effect of high glucose on cancer cell behavior is not clear. We therefore investigated the effect of hyperglycemia on the growth of human glioblastoma (GBM) cells. Our results revealed that high glucose (HG) promoted the proliferation and inhibited the apoptosis of a human GBM cell line U87. Mechanistically, HG upregulated the expression and function of a G-protein coupled chemoattractant receptor (GPCR) formyl peptide receptor 1 (FPR1) and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) on GBM cells, which upon activation by their agonists, promoted cell migration and proliferation. In addition, the invasiveness and the production of VEGF by U87 cells were enhanced under HG conditions, the effects of which were mediated by FPR1 and EGFR agonists. The tumor promoting activity of HG was further substantiated by increased tumorigenicity and growth of xenograft tumors formed by GBM cells in nude mice with induced diabetes mellitus. Thus, our study demonstrates the capacity of HG to promote GBM progression via enhancement of the function of chemoattractant and growth factor receptors.
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60
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Mantuano NR, Oliveira-Nunes MC, Alisson-Silva F, Dias WB, Todeschini AR. Emerging role of glycosylation in the polarization of tumor-associated macrophages. Pharmacol Res 2019; 146:104285. [PMID: 31132403 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2019.104285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Revised: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Tumors are formed by several cell types interacting in a complex environment of soluble and matrix molecules. The crosstalk between the cells and extracellular components control tumor fate. Macrophages are highly plastic and diverse immune cells that are known to be key regulators of this complex network, which is mostly because they can adjust their metabolism and reprogram their phenotype and effector function. Here, we review the studies that disclose the central role of metabolism and tumor microenvironment in shaping the phenotype and function of macrophages, highlighting the importance of the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway. We further discuss growing evidence of nutrient-sensitive protein modifications such as O-GlcNAcylation and extracellular glycosylation in the function and polarization of tumor-associated macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Rodrigues Mantuano
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Bloco D sala 03 CCS, UFRJ, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Maria Cecilia Oliveira-Nunes
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Bloco D sala 03 CCS, UFRJ, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Frederico Alisson-Silva
- Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Goes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Bloco D sala 03 CCS, UFRJ, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Wagner Barbosa Dias
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Bloco D sala 03 CCS, UFRJ, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, 21941-902, Brazil.
| | - Adriane Regina Todeschini
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Bloco D sala 03 CCS, UFRJ, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, 21941-902, Brazil.
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61
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Kertmen A, Przysiecka Ł, Coy E, Popenda Ł, Andruszkiewicz R, Jurga S, Milewski S. Emerging Anticancer Activity of Candidal Glucoseamine-6-Phosphate Synthase Inhibitors upon Nanoparticle-Mediated Delivery. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2019; 35:5281-5293. [PMID: 30912436 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b04250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Numerous glutamine analogues have been reported as irreversible inhibitors of the glucosamine-6-phosphate (GlcN-6-P) synthase in pathogenic Candida albicans in the last 3.5 decades. Among the reported inhibitors, the most effective N3-(4-methoxyfumaroyl)-l-2,3-diaminopropanoic acid (FMDP) has been extensively studied in order to develop its more active analogues. Several peptide-FMDP conjugates were tested to deliver FMDP to its subcellularly located GlcN-6-P synthase target. However, the rapid development of fungal resistance to FMDP-peptides required development of different therapeutic approaches to tackle antifungal resistance. In the current state of the global antifungal resistance, subcellular delivery of FMDP via free diffusion or endocytosis has become crucial. In this study, we report on in vitro nanomedical applications of FMDP and one of its ketoacid analogues, N3- trans-4-oxo-4-phenyl-2-butenoyl-l-2,3-diaminopropanoic acid (BADP). FMDP and BADP covalently attached to polyethylene glycol-coated iron oxide/silica core-shell nanoparticles are tested against intrinsically multidrug-resistant C. albicans. Three different human cancer cell lines potentially overexpressing the GlcN-6-P synthase enzyme are tested to demonstrate the immediate inhibitory effects of nanoparticle conjugates against mammalian cells. It is shown that nanoparticle-mediated delivery transforms FMDP and BADP into strong anticancer agents by inhibiting the growth of the tested cancer cells, whereas their anti-Candidal activity is decreased. This study discusses the emerging inhibitory effect of the FMDP/BADP-nanoparticle conjugates based on their cellular internalization efficiency and biocompatibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmet Kertmen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biochemistry , Gdansk University of Technology , G. Narutowicza 11/12 , 80-233 Gdansk , Poland
| | | | | | | | - Ryszard Andruszkiewicz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biochemistry , Gdansk University of Technology , G. Narutowicza 11/12 , 80-233 Gdansk , Poland
| | | | - Sławomir Milewski
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biochemistry , Gdansk University of Technology , G. Narutowicza 11/12 , 80-233 Gdansk , Poland
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62
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Szymura SJ, Zaemes JP, Allison DF, Clift SH, D'Innocenzi JM, Gray LG, McKenna BD, Morris BB, Bekiranov S, LeGallo RD, Jones DR, Mayo MW. NF-κB upregulates glutamine-fructose-6-phosphate transaminase 2 to promote migration in non-small cell lung cancer. Cell Commun Signal 2019; 17:24. [PMID: 30885209 PMCID: PMC6421657 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-019-0335-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) results in changes that promote de-differentiation, migration, and invasion in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). While it is recognized that EMT promotes altered energy utilization, identification of metabolic pathways that link EMT with cancer progression is needed. Work presented here indicates that mesenchymal NSCLC upregulates glutamine-fructose-6-phosphate transaminase 2 (GFPT2). GFPT2 is the rate-limiting enzyme in the synthesis of uridine diphosphate N-acetylglucosamine (UDP-GlcNAc). UDP-GlcNAc is the obligate activator of O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT). METHODS Analysis of our transcriptomic data indicates that GFPT2 is one of the most significantly upregulated metabolic genes in mesenchymal NSCLC. Ectopic GFPT2 expression, as well as gene silencing strategies were used to determine the importance of this metabolic enzyme in regulating EMT-driven processes of cell motility and invasion. RESULTS Our work demonstrates that GFPT2 is transcriptionally upregulated by NF-κB and repressed by the NAD+-dependent deacetylase SIRT6. Depletion of GFPT2 expression in NSCLC highlights its importance in regulating cell migration and invasion during EMT. CONCLUSIONS Consistent with GFPT2 promoting cancer progression, we find that elevated GFPT2 expression correlates with poor clinical outcome in NSCLC. Modulation of GFPT2 activity offers a potentially important therapeutic target to combat NSCLC disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Szymon J Szymura
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia, P.O. Box 800733, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - Jacob P Zaemes
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia, P.O. Box 800733, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - David F Allison
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia, P.O. Box 800733, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - Sheena H Clift
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia, P.O. Box 800733, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - Jaclyn M D'Innocenzi
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia, P.O. Box 800733, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - Lisa G Gray
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia, P.O. Box 800733, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - Brian D McKenna
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia, P.O. Box 800733, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - Benjamin B Morris
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia, P.O. Box 800733, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA.,Department of Pathology, University of Virginia, P.O. Box 800733, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - Stefan Bekiranov
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia, P.O. Box 800733, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - Robin D LeGallo
- Department of Pathology, University of Virginia, P.O. Box 800733, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - David R Jones
- Professor & Chief, Thoracic Surgery Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, Box 7, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Marty W Mayo
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia, P.O. Box 800733, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA.
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63
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Chen W, Do KC, Saxton B, Leng S, Filipczak P, Tessema M, Belinsky SA, Lin Y. Inhibition of the hexosamine biosynthesis pathway potentiates cisplatin cytotoxicity by decreasing BiP expression in non-small-cell lung cancer cells. Mol Carcinog 2019; 58:1046-1055. [PMID: 30790354 DOI: 10.1002/mc.22992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Revised: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Platinum anticancer agents are essential components in chemotherapeutic regimens for non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients ineligible for targeted therapy. However, platinum-based regimens have reached a plateau of therapeutic efficacy; therefore, it is critical to implement novel approaches for improvement. The hexosamine biosynthesis pathway (HBP), which produces amino-sugar N-acetyl-glucosamine for protein glycosylation, is important for protein function and cell survival. Here we show a beneficial effect by the combination of cisplatin with HBP inhibition. Expression of glutamine:fructose-6-phosphate amidotransferase (GFAT), the rate-limiting enzyme of HBP, was increased in NSCLC cell lines and tissues. Pharmacological inhibition of GFAT activity or knockdown of GFATimpaired cell proliferation and exerted synergistic or additive cytotoxicity to the cells treated with cisplatin. Mechanistically, GFAT positively regulated the expression of binding immunoglobulin protein (BiP; also known as glucose-regulated protein 78, GRP78), an endoplasmic reticulum chaperone involved in unfolded protein response (UPR). Suppressing GFAT activity resulted in downregulation of BiP that activated inositol-requiring enzyme 1α, a sensor protein of UPR, and exacerbated cisplatin-induced cell apoptosis. These data identify GFAT-mediated HBP as a target for improving platinum-based chemotherapy for NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenshu Chen
- Molecular Biology and Lung Cancer Program, Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Kieu C Do
- Molecular Biology and Lung Cancer Program, Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Bryanna Saxton
- Molecular Biology and Lung Cancer Program, Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Shuguang Leng
- Molecular Biology and Lung Cancer Program, Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Piotr Filipczak
- Molecular Biology and Lung Cancer Program, Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Mathewos Tessema
- Molecular Biology and Lung Cancer Program, Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Steven A Belinsky
- Molecular Biology and Lung Cancer Program, Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Yong Lin
- Molecular Biology and Lung Cancer Program, Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, Albuquerque, New Mexico
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64
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de Queiroz RM, Oliveira IA, Piva B, Bouchuid Catão F, da Costa Rodrigues B, da Costa Pascoal A, Diaz BL, Todeschini AR, Caarls MB, Dias WB. Hexosamine Biosynthetic Pathway and Glycosylation Regulate Cell Migration in Melanoma Cells. Front Oncol 2019; 9:116. [PMID: 30891426 PMCID: PMC6411693 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.00116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The Hexosamine Biosynthetic Pathway (HBP) is a branch of glycolysis responsible for the production of a key substrate for protein glycosylation, UDP-GlcNAc. Cancer cells present altered glucose metabolism and aberrant glycosylation, pointing to alterations on HBP. Recently it was demonstrated that HBP influences many aspects of tumor biology, including the development of metastasis. In this work we characterize HBP in melanoma cells and analyze its importance to cellular processes related to the metastatic phenotype. We demonstrate that an increase in HBP flux, as well as increased O-GlcNAcylation, leads to decreased cell motility and migration in melanoma cells. In addition, inhibition of N- and O-glycosylation glycosylation reduces cell migration. High HBP flux and inhibition of N-glycosylation decrease the activity of metalloproteases 2 and 9. Our data demonstrates that modulation of HBP and different types of glycosylation impact cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafaela Muniz de Queiroz
- Laboratório de Glicobiologia Estrutural e Funcional, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Isadora Araújo Oliveira
- Laboratório de Glicobiologia Estrutural e Funcional, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Bruno Piva
- Laboratório de Inflamação, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Felipe Bouchuid Catão
- Laboratório de Inflamação, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Laboratório de Matriz Extracelular, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Bruno da Costa Rodrigues
- Laboratório de Glicobiologia Estrutural e Funcional, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Adriana da Costa Pascoal
- Laboratório de Glicobiologia Estrutural e Funcional, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Bruno Lourenço Diaz
- Laboratório de Inflamação, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Adriane Regina Todeschini
- Laboratório de Glicobiologia Estrutural e Funcional, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Michelle Botelho Caarls
- Laboratório de Matriz Extracelular, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Wagner Barbosa Dias
- Laboratório de Glicobiologia Estrutural e Funcional, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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65
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Wang G, Wang JJ, Yin PH, Xu K, Wang YZ, Shi F, Gao J, Fu XL. Strategies for targeting energy metabolism in Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog -mutant colorectal cancer. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:1106-1121. [PMID: 30362665 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.27558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Alterations in cellular energy metabolism play critical roles in colorectal cancer (CRC). These alterations, which correlate to KRAS mutations, have been identified as energy metabolism signatures. This review summarizes the relationship between colorectal tumors associated with mutated KRAS and energy metabolism, especially for the deregulated energy metabolism that affects tumor cell proliferation, invasion, and migration. Furthermore, this review will concentrate on the role of metabolic genes, factors and signaling pathways, which are coupled with the primary energy source connected with the KRAS mutation that induces metabolic alterations. Strategies for targeting energy metabolism in mutated KRAS CRC are also introduced. In conclusion, deregulated energy metabolism has a close relationship with KRAS mutations in colorectal tumors. Therefore, selective inhibitors, agents against metabolic targets or KRAS signaling, may be clinically useful for colorectal tumor treatment through a patient-personalized approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Shanghai Eighth People's Hospital, Jiangsu University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun-Jie Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Shanghai Eighth People's Hospital, Jiangsu University, Shanghai, China
| | - Pei-Hao Yin
- Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ke Xu
- Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu-Zhu Wang
- Department of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang City, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Feng Shi
- Department of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang City, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jing Gao
- Department of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang City, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xing-Li Fu
- Department of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang City, Jiangsu Province, China
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66
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Jeon HY, Lee YJ, Kim YS, Kim SY, Han ET, Park WS, Hong SH, Kim YM, Ha KS. Proinsulin C‐peptide prevents hyperglycemia‐induced vascular leakage and metastasis of melanoma cells in the lungs of diabetic mice. FASEB J 2019; 33:750-762. [DOI: 10.1096/fj.201800723r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Yoon Jeon
- Department of Molecular and Cellular BiochemistryKangwon National University School of Medicine Chuncheon Korea
| | - Yeon-Ju Lee
- Department of Molecular and Cellular BiochemistryKangwon National University School of Medicine Chuncheon Korea
| | - You-Sun Kim
- Department of BiochemistryAjou University School of Medicine Suwon Korea
| | - Soo-Youl Kim
- Cancer Cell and Molecular Biology BranchNational Cancer Center Goyang Korea
| | - Eun-Taek Han
- Department of Medical Environmental Biology and Tropical MedicineKangwon National University School of Medicine Chuncheon Korea
| | - Won Sun Park
- Department of PhysiologyKangwon National University School of Medicine Chuncheon Korea
| | - Seok-Ho Hong
- Department of Internal MedicineKangwon National University School of Medicine Chuncheon Korea
| | - Young-Myeong Kim
- Department of Molecular and Cellular BiochemistryKangwon National University School of Medicine Chuncheon Korea
| | - Kwon-Soo Ha
- Department of Molecular and Cellular BiochemistryKangwon National University School of Medicine Chuncheon Korea
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67
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Jiang M, Xu B, Li X, Shang Y, Chu Y, Wang W, Chen D, Wu N, Hu S, Zhang S, Li M, Wu K, Yang X, Liang J, Nie Y, Fan D. O-GlcNAcylation promotes colorectal cancer metastasis via the miR-101-O-GlcNAc/EZH2 regulatory feedback circuit. Oncogene 2019; 38:301-316. [PMID: 30093632 PMCID: PMC6336687 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-018-0435-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Revised: 07/14/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Advanced colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the deadliest cancers, and the 5-year survival rate of patients with metastasis is extremely low. The epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is considered essential for metastatic CRC, but the fundamental molecular basis underlying this effect remains unknown. Here, we identified that O-GlcNAcylation, a unique posttranslational modification (PTM) involved in cancer metabolic reprogramming, increased the metastatic capability of CRC. The levels of O-GlcNAcylation were increased in the metastatic CRC tissues and cell lines, which likely promoted the EMT by enhancing EZH2 protein stability and function. The CRC patients with higher levels of O-GlcNAcylation exhibited greater lymph node metastasis potential and lower overall survival. Bioinformatic analysis and luciferase reporter assays revealed that both O-GlcNAcylation transferase (OGT) and EZH2 are posttranscriptionally inhibited by microRNA-101. In addition, O-GlcNAcylation and H3K27me3 modification in the miR-101 promoter region further inhibited the transcription of miR-101, resulting in the upregulation of OGT and EZH2 in metastatic CRC, thus forming a vicious cycle. In this study, we demonstrated that O-GlcNAcylation, which is negatively regulated by microRNA-101, likely promotes CRC metastasis by enhancing EZH2 protein stability and function. Reducing O-GlcNAcylation may be a potential therapeutic strategy for metastatic CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingzuo Jiang
- State key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Bing Xu
- State key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Xiaowei Li
- State key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yulong Shang
- State key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yi Chu
- State key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Weijie Wang
- State key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Di Chen
- State key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Nan Wu
- State key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
- Lab of Tissue Engineering, Faculty of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Sijun Hu
- State key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Song Zhang
- State key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Mengbin Li
- State key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Kaichun Wu
- State key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiaoyong Yang
- Department of molecular cellular and developmental biology, Yale University, New Haven, USA
| | - Jie Liang
- State key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yongzhan Nie
- State key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.
| | - Daiming Fan
- State key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.
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68
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Izumikawa T, Itano N. Metabolic Reprogramming and Hyaluronan Production in Cancer Stem Cells. TRENDS GLYCOSCI GLYC 2018. [DOI: 10.4052/tigg.1713.1j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tomomi Izumikawa
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kyoto Sangyo University
| | - Naoki Itano
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kyoto Sangyo University
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69
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Izumikawa T, Itano N. Metabolic Reprogramming and Hyaluronan Production in Cancer Stem Cells. TRENDS GLYCOSCI GLYC 2018. [DOI: 10.4052/tigg.1713.1e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tomomi Izumikawa
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kyoto Sangyo University
| | - Naoki Itano
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kyoto Sangyo University
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70
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Moloughney JG, Vega-Cotto NM, Liu S, Patel C, Kim PK, Wu CC, Albaciete D, Magaway C, Chang A, Rajput S, Su X, Werlen G, Jacinto E. mTORC2 modulates the amplitude and duration of GFAT1 Ser-243 phosphorylation to maintain flux through the hexosamine pathway during starvation. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:16464-16478. [PMID: 30201609 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.003991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Revised: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) controls metabolic pathways in response to nutrients. Recently, we have shown that mTOR complex 2 (mTORC2) modulates the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP) by promoting the expression of the key enzyme of the HBP, glutamine:fructose-6-phosphate aminotransferase 1 (GFAT1). Here, we found that GFAT1 Ser-243 phosphorylation is also modulated in an mTORC2-dependent manner. In response to glutamine limitation, active mTORC2 prolongs the duration of Ser-243 phosphorylation, albeit at lower amplitude. Blocking glycolysis using 2-deoxyglucose robustly enhances Ser-243 phosphorylation, correlating with heightened mTORC2 activation, increased AMPK activity, and O-GlcNAcylation. However, when 2-deoxyglucose is combined with glutamine deprivation, GFAT1 Ser-243 phosphorylation and mTORC2 activation remain elevated, whereas AMPK activation and O-GlcNAcylation diminish. Phosphorylation at Ser-243 promotes GFAT1 expression and production of GFAT1-generated metabolites including ample production of the HBP end-product, UDP-GlcNAc, despite nutrient starvation. Hence, we propose that the mTORC2-mediated increase in GFAT1 Ser-243 phosphorylation promotes flux through the HBP to maintain production of UDP-GlcNAc when nutrients are limiting. Our findings provide insights on how the HBP is reprogrammed via mTORC2 in nutrient-addicted cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph G Moloughney
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854 and
| | - Nicole M Vega-Cotto
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854 and
| | - Sharon Liu
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854 and
| | - Chadni Patel
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854 and
| | - Peter K Kim
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854 and
| | - Chang-Chih Wu
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854 and
| | - Danielle Albaciete
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854 and
| | - Cedric Magaway
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854 and
| | - Austin Chang
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854 and
| | - Swati Rajput
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854 and
| | - Xiaoyang Su
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Child Health Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901
| | - Guy Werlen
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854 and
| | - Estela Jacinto
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854 and
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71
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Bergandi L, Mungo E, Morone R, Bosco O, Rolando B, Doublier S. Hyperglycemia Promotes Chemoresistance Through the Reduction of the Mitochondrial DNA Damage, the Bax/Bcl-2 and Bax/Bcl-XL Ratio, and the Cells in Sub-G1 Phase Due to Antitumoral Drugs Induced-Cytotoxicity in Human Colon Adenocarcinoma Cells. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:866. [PMID: 30150934 PMCID: PMC6099160 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes and cancer are common, chronic, and potentially fatal diseases that frequently co-exist. Observational studies clearly indicate that the risk of several types of cancer is increased in diabetic patients and a number of cancer types have shown a higher mortality rate in patients with hyperglycemic associated pathologies. This scenario could be due, at least in part, to a lower efficacy of the cancer treatments which needs to be better investigated. Here, we evaluated the effects of a prolonged exposure to high glucose (HG) to the response to chemotherapy on human colon adenocarcinoma HT29 and LOVO cell lines. We observed that hyperglycemia protected against the decreased cell viability and cytotoxicity and preserved from the mitochondrial DNA lesions induced by doxorubicin (DOX) and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) treatments by lowering ROS production. In HT29 cells the amount of intracellular DOX and its nuclear localization were not modified by HG incubation in terms of Pgp, BCRP, MRP1, 5 and 8 activity and gene expression. On the contrary, in LOVO cells, the amount of intracellular DOX was significantly decreased after a bolus of DOX in HG condition and the expression and activity of MPR1 was increased, suggesting that HG promotes drug chemoresistance in both HT29 and LOVO cells, but in a different way. In both cell types, HG condition prevented the susceptibility to apoptosis by decreasing the ratio Bax/Bcl-2 and Bax/Bcl-XL and diminished the level of cytosolic cytochrome c and the cleavage of full length of PARP induced by DOX and 5-FU. Finally, hyperglycemia reduced cell death by decreasing the cell percentage in sub-G1 peak induced by DOX (via a cell cycle arrest in the G2/M phase) and 5-FU (via a cell cycle arrest in the S phase) in HT29 and LOVO cells. Taken together, our data showed that a prolonged exposure to HG protects human colon adenocarcinoma cells from the cytotoxic effects of two widely used chemotherapeutic drugs, impairing the effectiveness of the chemotherapy itself.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eleonora Mungo
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Rosa Morone
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Ornella Bosco
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Barbara Rolando
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
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72
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The Nutrient-Sensing Hexosamine Biosynthetic Pathway as the Hub of Cancer Metabolic Rewiring. Cells 2018; 7:cells7060053. [PMID: 29865240 PMCID: PMC6025041 DOI: 10.3390/cells7060053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Revised: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Alterations in glucose and glutamine utilizing pathways and in fatty acid metabolism are currently considered the most significant and prevalent metabolic changes observed in almost all types of tumors. Glucose, glutamine and fatty acids are the substrates for the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP). This metabolic pathway generates the “sensing molecule” UDP-N-Acetylglucosamine (UDP-GlcNAc). UDP-GlcNAc is the substrate for the enzymes involved in protein N- and O-glycosylation, two important post-translational modifications (PTMs) identified in several proteins localized in the extracellular space, on the cell membrane and in the cytoplasm, nucleus and mitochondria. Since protein glycosylation controls several key aspects of cell physiology, aberrant protein glycosylation has been associated with different human diseases, including cancer. Here we review recent evidence indicating the tight association between the HBP flux and cell metabolism, with particular emphasis on the post-transcriptional and transcriptional mechanisms regulated by the HBP that may cause the metabolic rewiring observed in cancer. We describe the implications of both protein O- and N-glycosylation in cancer cell metabolism and bioenergetics; focusing our attention on the effect of these PTMs on nutrient transport and on the transcriptional regulation and function of cancer-specific metabolic pathways.
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Laskar J, Bhattacharjee K, Sengupta M, Choudhury Y. Anti-Diabetic Drugs: Cure or Risk Factors for Cancer? Pathol Oncol Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s12253-018-0402-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Ricciardiello F, Votta G, Palorini R, Raccagni I, Brunelli L, Paiotta A, Tinelli F, D'Orazio G, Valtorta S, De Gioia L, Pastorelli R, Moresco RM, La Ferla B, Chiaradonna F. Inhibition of the Hexosamine Biosynthetic Pathway by targeting PGM3 causes breast cancer growth arrest and apoptosis. Cell Death Dis 2018. [PMID: 29515119 PMCID: PMC5841296 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-0405-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Cancer aberrant N- and O-linked protein glycosylation, frequently resulting from an augmented flux through the Hexosamine Biosynthetic Pathway (HBP), play different roles in tumor progression. However, the low specificity and toxicity of the existing HBP inhibitors prevented their use for cancer treatment. Here we report the preclinical evaluation of FR054, a novel inhibitor of the HBP enzyme PGM3, with a remarkable anti-breast cancer effect. In fact, FR054 induces in different breast cancer cells a dramatic decrease in cell proliferation and survival. In particular, in a model of Triple Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC) cells, MDA-MB-231, we show that these effects are correlated to FR054-dependent reduction of both N- and O-glycosylation level that cause also a strong reduction of cancer cell adhesion and migration. Moreover we show that impaired survival of cancer cells upon FR054 treatment is associated with the activation of the Unfolded Protein Response (UPR) and accumulation of intracellular ROS. Finally, we show that FR054 suppresses cancer growth in MDA-MB-231 xenograft mice, supporting the advantage of targeting HBP for therapeutic purpose and encouraging further investigation about the use of this small molecule as a promising compound for breast cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Ricciardiello
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, 20126, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Votta
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, 20126, Italy
| | - Roberta Palorini
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, 20126, Italy
| | - Isabella Raccagni
- Institute of Molecular Bioimaging and Physiology (IBFM), CNR, Segrate, 20090, Italy
| | - Laura Brunelli
- Environmental Health Sciences Department, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Milan, 20156, Italy
| | - Alice Paiotta
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, 20126, Italy
| | - Francesca Tinelli
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, 20126, Italy
| | - Giuseppe D'Orazio
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, 20126, Italy
| | - Silvia Valtorta
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milan-Bicocca, Monza, 20900, Italy
| | - Luca De Gioia
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, 20126, Italy
| | - Roberta Pastorelli
- Environmental Health Sciences Department, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Milan, 20156, Italy
| | - Rosa Maria Moresco
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milan-Bicocca, Monza, 20900, Italy
| | - Barbara La Ferla
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, 20126, Italy
| | - Ferdinando Chiaradonna
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, 20126, Italy.
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Lu J, Wang H, Zhang X, Yu X. HbA1c is Positively Associated with Serum Carcinoembryonic Antigen (CEA) in Patients with Diabetes: A Cross-Sectional Study. Diabetes Ther 2018; 9:209-217. [PMID: 29302932 PMCID: PMC5801242 DOI: 10.1007/s13300-017-0356-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION To explore the influence of glycemic levels on the serum carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) levels in patients with diabetes. METHODS This is a cross-sectional study. Patients with diabetes aged 18-75 years old were recruited. Those patients with carcinoma, abnormal renal function (serum creatinine ≥ 115 μmol/l), and abnormal hepatic function (serum alanine aminotransferase ≥ 97.5 U/l) were excluded in this study. Blood samples were obtained from every patient after an overnight fasting, and CEA was determined using a chemiluminescent particle immunoassay. RESULTS A total of 324 patients with type 1 diabetes and 3019 patients with type 2 diabetes were included in this study. Patients with type 1 diabetes had higher levels of HbA1c (9.5% vs. 8.7%) and CEA (2.79 vs. 2.34 ng/ml), but lower fasting C peptide (0.72 vs. 1.71 ng/ml) than those with type 2 diabetes (all P < 0.001). Data indicated that CEA was higher in patients with smoking, drinking, older age, higher levels of HbA1c, and lower level of fasting C peptide (all P < 0.05). Multiple linear regression analysis indicated that CEA was independently associated with smoking, age, BMI, and HbA1c (all P < 0.05). CONCLUSION HbA1c was positively associated with the levels of CEA in patients with diabetes. More studies are warranted to investigate whether elevated CEA is associated with increased carcinoma risk in patients with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Lu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences Affiliated Fengxian Hospital, Shanghai, China
- Department of Comprehensive Diagnosis and Treatment for Diabetes, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences Affiliated Fengxian Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongtao Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences Affiliated Fengxian Hospital, Shanghai, China
- Department of Comprehensive Diagnosis and Treatment for Diabetes, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences Affiliated Fengxian Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Xueli Zhang
- Department of Comprehensive Diagnosis and Treatment for Diabetes, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences Affiliated Fengxian Hospital, Shanghai, China.
| | - Xuemei Yu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences Affiliated Fengxian Hospital, Shanghai, China.
- Department of Comprehensive Diagnosis and Treatment for Diabetes, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences Affiliated Fengxian Hospital, Shanghai, China.
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Glycans as Regulatory Elements of the Insulin/IGF System: Impact in Cancer Progression. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18091921. [PMID: 28880250 PMCID: PMC5618570 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18091921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Revised: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 09/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The insulin/insulin-like growth factor (IGF) system in mammals comprises a dynamic network of proteins that modulate several biological processes such as development, cell growth, metabolism, and aging. Dysregulation of the insulin/IGF system has major implications for several pathological conditions such as diabetes and cancer. Metabolic changes also culminate in aberrant glycosylation, which has been highlighted as a hallmark of cancer. Changes in glycosylation regulate every pathophysiological step of cancer progression including tumour cell-cell dissociation, cell migration, cell signaling and metastasis. This review discusses how the insulin/IGF system integrates with glycosylation alterations and impacts on cell behaviour, metabolism and drug resistance in cancer.
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Carvalho-Cruz P, Alisson-Silva F, Todeschini AR, Dias WB. Cellular glycosylation senses metabolic changes and modulates cell plasticity during epithelial to mesenchymal transition. Dev Dyn 2017; 247:481-491. [PMID: 28722313 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.24553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Revised: 06/09/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a developmental program reactivated by tumor cells that leads to the switch from epithelial to mesenchymal phenotype. During EMT, cells are transcriptionally regulated to decrease E-cadherin expression while expressing mesenchymal markers such as vimentin, fibronectin, and N-cadherin. Growing body of evidences suggest that cells engaged in EMT undergo a metabolic reprograming process, redirecting glucose flux toward hexosamine biosynthesis pathway (HBP), which fuels aberrant glycosylation patterns that are extensively observed in cancer cells. HBP depends on nutrient availability to produce its end product UDP-GlcNAc, and for this reason is considered a metabolic sensor pathway. UDP-GlcNAc is the substrate used for the synthesis of major types of glycosylation, including O-GlcNAc and cell surface glycans. In general, the rate limiting enzyme of HBP, GFAT, is overexpressed in many cancer types that present EMT features as well as aberrant glycosylation. Moreover, altered levels of O-GlcNAcylation can modulate cell morphology and favor EMT. In this review, we summarize some of the current knowledge that correlates glucose metabolism, aberrant glycosylation and hyper O-GlcNAcylation supported by HBP that leads to EMT activation. Developmental Dynamics 247:481-491, 2018. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Carvalho-Cruz
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Frederico Alisson-Silva
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Adriane R Todeschini
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Wagner B Dias
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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The association between metformin use and colorectal cancer survival among patients with diabetes mellitus: An updated meta-analysis. Chronic Dis Transl Med 2017; 3:169-175. [PMID: 29063073 PMCID: PMC5643786 DOI: 10.1016/j.cdtm.2017.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Recent studies have reported conflicting results on the correlation between metformin use and outcomes in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC). A meta-analysis was performed to evaluate the efficacy of metformin therapy on the prognosis of CRC patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). METHODS We conducted a systematic search of PubMed, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, and the Web of Science for related articles up to August 2016. Two investigators independently identified and extracted information. Pooled risk estimates [hazard ratios (HRs)] and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using fixed-effects models. The risk of publication bias was assessed by examining funnel plot asymmetry as well as Egger's test and Begg's test. RESULTS Of 81 articles identified, 8 retrospective cohort studies, representing 6098 cases of CRC patients with T2DM who used metformin and 4954 cases of CRC patients with T2DM who did not use metformin, were included in this meta-analysis. There was no significant heterogeneity and quality difference between studies. Metformin users had significantly improved overall survival (OS) (HR = 0.82, 95% CI: 0.77-0.87, P = 0.000). However, Metformin use cannot affect CRC-specific survival (HR = 0.84, 95% CI: 0.69-1.02, P = 0.079) compared to non-users. CONCLUSION This meta-analysis suggests that metformin use may improve survival among CRC patients with T2DM. However, prospective controlled studies are still needed to rigorously evaluate the efficacy of metformin as an anti-tumor agent.
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