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Zhang J, Gao M, Niu Y, Sun J. Identification of a Novel Ferroptosis Inducer for Gastric Cancer Treatment Using Drug Repurposing Strategy. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:860525. [PMID: 35860356 PMCID: PMC9289365 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.860525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer remains one of the major contributors to global cancer mortality, although there is no promising target drug in clinics. Hence, the identification of novel targeted drugs for gastric cancer is urgent. As a promising strategy for inducing ferroptosis for gastric cancer treatment, the ferroptosis inducer is a potential drug. Nevertheless, no ferroptosis inducer has entered clinics. So, our purpose was to identify a novel ferroptosis inducer for gastric cancer treatment using a drug repurposing strategy. Firstly, using a drug repurposing strategy with the aid of a commercialized compound library, HC-056456, a small molecule bioactive CatSper channel blocker, was characterized to inhibit the growth of gastric cancer line MGC-803. At the same time, this anti-proliferation effect can be blocked by ferrostatin-1, a ferroptosis inhibitor, indicating that HC-056456 is a ferroptosis inducer. Then, HC-056456 was identified to decrease GSH content via p53/SLC7A11 signaling pathway. Then Fe2+ and lipid peroxide were accumulated when cells were exposed to HC-056456. Finally, HC-056456 was found to suppress the growth of gastric cancer cells by increasing p53 and repressing SLC7A11 in vivo but not in the presence of ferrostatin-1. In sum, we systematically elucidate that HC-056456 exerts anti-gastric cancer effect by provoking ferroptosis in vitro and in vivo, suggesting its potential role in gastric cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinping Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Meimei Gao
- Henan Key Laboratory of Precision Clinical Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ying Niu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jiangang Sun
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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Shi Y, Qiu B, Huang L, Lin J, Li Y, Ze Y, Huang C, Yao Y. Exosomes and ferroptosis: roles in tumour regulation and new cancer therapies. PeerJ 2022; 10:e13238. [PMID: 35497192 PMCID: PMC9053300 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.13238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Research on the biological role of exosomes is rapidly developing, and recent evidence suggests that exosomal effects involve ferroptosis. Exosomes derived from different tissues inhibit ferroptosis, which increases tumour cell chemoresistance. Therefore, exosome-mediated regulation of ferroptosis may be leveraged to design anticancer drugs. This review discusses three pathways of exosome-mediated inhibition of ferroptosis: (1) the Fenton reaction; (2) the ferroptosis defence system, including the Xc-GSH-GPX4 axis and the FSP1/CoQ10/NAD(P)H axis; and (3) lipid peroxidation. We also summarize three recent approaches for combining exosomes and ferroptosis in oncology therapy: (1) promoting exosome-inhibited ferroptosis to enhance chemotherapy; (2) encapsulating exosomes with ferroptosis inducers to inhibit cancers; and (3) developing therapies that combine exosomal inhibitors and ferroptosis inducers. This review will contribute toward establishing effective cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixin Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral Implantology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Bingrun Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral Implantology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Linyang Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral Implantology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jie Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral Implantology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yiling Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral Implantology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yiting Ze
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral Implantology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chenglong Huang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Yang Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral Implantology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Zhang HC, Deng SH, Pi YN, Guo JN, Xi H, Shi X, Yang XF, Zhang BM, Xue WN, Cui BB, Liu YL. Identification and Validation in a Novel Quantification System of Ferroptosis Patterns for the Prediction of Prognosis and Immunotherapy Response in Left- and Right-Sided Colon Cancer. Front Immunol 2022; 13:855849. [PMID: 35444656 PMCID: PMC9014300 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.855849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study aimed to establish a novel quantification system of ferroptosis patterns and comprehensively analyze the relationship between ferroptosis score (FS) and the immune cell infiltration (ICI) characterization, tumor mutation burden (TMB), prognosis, and therapeutic sensitivity in left-sided and right-sided colon cancers (LCCs and RCCs, respectively). Methods We comprehensively evaluated the ferroptosis patterns in 444 LCCs and RCCs based on 59 ferroptosis-related genes (FRGs). The FS was constructed to quantify ferroptosis patterns by using principal component analysis algorithms. Next, the prognostic value and therapeutic sensitivities were evaluated using multiple methods. Finally, we performed weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) to identify the key FRGs. The IMvigor210 cohort, TCGA-COAD proteomics cohort, and Immunophenoscores were used to verify the predictive abilities of FS and the key FRGs. Results Two ferroptosis clusters were determined. Ferroptosis cluster B demonstrated a high degree of congenital ICI and stromal-related signal enrichment with a poor prognosis. The prognosis, response of targeted inhibitors, and immunotherapy were significantly different between high and low FS groups (HSG and LSG, respectively). HSG was characterized by high TMB and microsatellite instability-high subtype with poor prognosis. Meanwhile, LSG was more likely to benefit from immunotherapy. ALOX5 was identified as a key FRG based on FS. Patients with high protein levels of ALOX5 had poorer prognoses. Conclusion This work revealed that the evaluation of ferroptosis subtypes will contribute to gaining insight into the heterogeneity in LCCs and RCCs. The quantification for ferroptosis patterns played a non-negligible role in predicting ICI characterization, prognosis, and individualized immunotherapy strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng-Chun Zhang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Shen-Hui Deng
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Ya-Nan Pi
- Department of Gynecology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Jun-Nan Guo
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Hua Xi
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Xin Shi
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xue-Fei Yang
- The First Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Bo-Miao Zhang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Wei-Nan Xue
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Bin-Bin Cui
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Yan-Long Liu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
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Peng B, Peng J, Kang F, Zhang W, Peng E, He Q. Ferroptosis-Related Gene MT1G as a Novel Biomarker Correlated With Prognosis and Immune Infiltration in Colorectal Cancer. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:881447. [PMID: 35517502 PMCID: PMC9065264 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.881447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ferroptosis, a newly discovered way of cell death, has been proved to be involved in the oncogenesis and development of cancers, including colorectal cancer (CRC). Here, by identifying the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) from three CRC transcriptome microarray datasets (GSE20842, GSE23878, and GSE25070), we found that the expression of MT1G was significantly decreased in CRC tissues, and the patients with a high level of MT1G displayed a poor prognosis. Quantitative PCR (qPCR) further confirmed the downregulated MT1G in two CRC cells, HCT8 and HCT116. The colony-forming assay indicated that the MT1G overexpression exhibited a remarkable inhibition of cell proliferation in HCT8 and HCT116 cells. In addition, we explored the co-expressed genes of MT1G to gain a better understanding of its potential signaling pathways. Aberrantly expressed MT1G also affected the immune response of CRC patients. Collectively, these findings might deepen our comprehension on the potential biological implications of MT1G in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bi Peng
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jinwu Peng
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Changde Hospital, Changde, China
- *Correspondence: Qingchun He, ; Jinwu Peng,
| | - Fanhua Kang
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Changde Hospital, Changde, China
| | - Wenqin Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Changde Hospital, Changde, China
| | - Emin Peng
- Xiangya International Medical Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qingchun He
- Department of Emergency, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Department of Emergency, Xiangya Changde Hospital, Changde, China
- *Correspondence: Qingchun He, ; Jinwu Peng,
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Chen Y, Li H. Prognostic and Predictive Models for Left- and Right- Colorectal Cancer Patients: A Bioinformatics Analysis Based on Ferroptosis-Related Genes. Front Oncol 2022; 12:833834. [PMID: 35265525 PMCID: PMC8899601 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.833834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Left- and right-sided colorectal cancer (LCRC, RCRC) are significantly different in epidemiology and clinical manifestations and have altered outcomes. However, as a hot tumor prognostic marker, the role of ferroptosis-related genes (FRGs) in LCRC and RCRC is unknown. Methods From The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database, we downloaded the expression profiles of CRC patients. A "DESeq2" package was performed to compare the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) of LCRC and RCRC. FRGs were identified using the FerrDb. The prognostic value of differentially expressed FRG (DE-FRG) in left- and right-CRC was assessed separately by Cox regression analysis. Subsequently, functional enrichment analysis, ESTIMATE, and single sample Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (ssGSEA) were performed based on LCRC and RCRC samples to reveal the potential function of FRGs-related risk signatures. The differential expression of FRGs in tumor tissues and adjacent normal tissues were verified by Western blot. The differential expression and prognosis in LCC and RCC were verified by immunohistochemistry. Results Based on the identified 14 DE-FRGs, the LCRC prognostic model consisted of NOS2 and IFNG; NOS2 and ALOXE established the prognostic signature that could distinguish RCRC outcomes. In the functional analysis, the DEGs (high risk vs. low risk) of the LCRC and RCRC were significantly enriched in the immune- and lipid-related terms and pathways. ESTIMATE and ssGSEA suggested that these FRGs-related risk signatures were affiliated with the infiltration of immune cell subtypes. Western blotting results showed that NOS2 and ALOXE3 were significantly highly expressed in cancer, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). Immunohistochemical results showed that ALOXE3 was highly expressed in RCC, and those with high expression had a worse prognosis, while NOS2 gene had an effect on the prognosis of both LCC and RCC. Conclusion This study constructed a potential prognostic model of LCRC and RCRC, respectively. We also identified the crucial pathways that contribute to elucidating the pathogenesis of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Chen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology (Ward I), The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Hua Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology (Ward I), The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
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Wang L, Wang A, Fu Q, Shi Z, Chen X, Wang Y, Xu W, Wang T, Zhang S, Hu S. Ferroptosis plays an important role in promoting ionizing radiation-induced intestinal injuries. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 595:7-13. [PMID: 35091109 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.01.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The intestinal tract is an essential component of the body's immune system, and is extremely sensitive to exposure of ionizing radiation. While ionizing radiation can effectively induce multiple forms of cell death, whether it can also promote ferroptosis in intestinal cells and the possible interrelationship between ferroptosis and intestinal immune function has not been reported so far. Here, we found that radiation-induced major ultrastructural changes in mitochondria of small intestinal epithelial cells and the changes induced in iron content and MDA levels in the small intestine were consistent with that observed during cellular ferroptosis, thus suggesting occurrence of ferroptosis in radiation-induced intestinal damage. Moreover, radiation caused a substantial increase in the expression of ferroptosis-related factors such as LPCAT3 and ALOX15 mRNA, augmented the levels of immune-related factors INF-γ and TGF-β mRNA, and decreased the levels of IL-17 mRNA thereby indicating that ionizing radiation induced ferroptosis and impairment of intestinal immune function. Liproxstatin-1 is a ferroptosis inhibitor that was found to ameliorate radiation-induced ferroptosis and promote the recovery from immune imbalances. These findings supported the role of ferroptosis in radiation-induced intestinal immune injury and provide novel strategies for protection against radiation injury through regulation of the ferroptosis pathway.
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MESH Headings
- 1-Acylglycerophosphocholine O-Acyltransferase/genetics
- 1-Acylglycerophosphocholine O-Acyltransferase/metabolism
- Animals
- Arachidonate 12-Lipoxygenase/genetics
- Arachidonate 12-Lipoxygenase/metabolism
- Arachidonate 15-Lipoxygenase/genetics
- Arachidonate 15-Lipoxygenase/metabolism
- Ferroptosis/drug effects
- Ferroptosis/physiology
- Ferroptosis/radiation effects
- Gene Expression/drug effects
- Gene Expression/radiation effects
- Glutathione/metabolism
- Intestine, Small/drug effects
- Intestine, Small/metabolism
- Intestine, Small/radiation effects
- Intestines/drug effects
- Intestines/pathology
- Intestines/radiation effects
- Male
- Malondialdehyde/metabolism
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Microscopy, Electron, Transmission
- Mitochondria/drug effects
- Mitochondria/radiation effects
- Mitochondria/ultrastructure
- Quinoxalines/pharmacology
- Radiation Injuries, Experimental/pathology
- Radiation Injuries, Experimental/physiopathology
- Radiation Injuries, Experimental/prevention & control
- Radiation, Ionizing
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Spiro Compounds/pharmacology
- Superoxide Dismutase/metabolism
- Mice
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - An Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Qian Fu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Zhongyu Shi
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Xiaoying Chen
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Yan Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Wenhui Xu
- Beijing Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Tieshan Wang
- Beijing Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Shujing Zhang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Sumin Hu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China.
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Wu Z, Lu Z, Li L, Ma M, Long F, Wu R, Huang L, Chou J, Yang K, Zhang Y, Li X, Hu G, Zhang Y, Lin C. Identification and Validation of Ferroptosis-Related LncRNA Signatures as a Novel Prognostic Model for Colon Cancer. Front Immunol 2022; 12:783362. [PMID: 35154072 PMCID: PMC8826443 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.783362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ferroptosis is a newly defined form of programmed cell death that plays an important role in many cancers. However, ferroptosis-related lncRNAs (FRLs) involved in the regulation of colon cancer are not thoroughly understood. This study aimed to identify a prognostic FRL signature in colon cancer and explore its potential molecular function. Methods RNA-seq data and relevant clinical information were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database, and a list of ferroptosis-related genes was extracted from the FerrDb website. Analysis of differentially expressed FRLs was performed using the 'limma' package in R software. By implementing coexpression analysis and univariate Cox analysis, we then identified prognostic FRLs. Using Cox regression analysis with the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) algorithm, we constructed a prognostic model based on 4 FRLs. We evaluated the prognostic power of this model using Kaplan-Meier (K-M) survival curve analysis and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. Moreover, the relationships between the signature and immune landscape, somatic mutation and drug sensitivity were explored. Finally, in vitro experiments were conducted to validate the functions of AP003555.1 and AC000584.1. Results A 4-FRL signature was constructed. Two risk groups were classified based on the risk score calculated by this signature. The signature-based risk score exhibited a more powerful capacity for survival prediction than traditional clinicopathological features in colon patients. Additionally, we observed a significant difference in immune cells, such as CD4+ and CD8+ T cells and macrophages, between the two groups. Moreover, the high-risk group exhibited lower IC50 values for certain chemotherapy drugs, such as cisplatin, docetaxel, bleomycin or axitinib. Finally, the in vitro experiments showed that ferroptosis processes were suppressed after AP003555.1 and AC000584.1 knockdown. Conclusion The proposed 4-FRL signature is a promising biomarker to predict clinical outcomes and therapeutic responses in colon cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei Wu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Third XiangYa Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhixing Lu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Third XiangYa Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Liang Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Third XiangYa Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Min Ma
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Third XiangYa Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Fei Long
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Third XiangYa Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Runliu Wu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Third XiangYa Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lihua Huang
- School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jing Chou
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Third XiangYa Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Kaiyan Yang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Third XiangYa Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Xiaorong Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Third XiangYa Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Gui Hu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Third XiangYa Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Third XiangYa Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Changwei Lin
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Third XiangYa Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
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Maru D, Hothi A, Bagariya C, Kumar A. Targeting Ferroptosis Pathways: A Novel Strategy for Cancer Therapy. Curr Cancer Drug Targets 2022; 22:234-244. [DOI: 10.2174/1568009622666220211122745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Abstract:
Ferroptosis is an iron-dependent nonapoptotic kind of regulated cell death resulting from the destruction of redox balance in the cytosol. Unlike apoptosis, ferroptosis is caused by an increase in intracellular iron and lipid peroxides that causes significant damage to the membrane lipid bilayer and mitochondria, which leads to cell death. Increased iron level in the cell promotes ROS production. Ferroptosis inducer molecules increase ROS production and inhibit the antioxidant defence mechanism to facilitate ferroptosis in cancer cells. Inhibition of GPX4, redox-active iron availability, and lipid peroxidation are major contributors to ferroptosis. Ferroptosis is involved in many diseases like heart disease, neurodegenerative disease as well as cancer. Ferroptosis induction recently emerged as an attractive strategy for cancer therapy. In this review, we discuss the regulatory mechanism of ferroptosis, its different hallmarks, including genetic and metabolic regulators and inducers that promote ferroptosis in the cancer cells. Finally, the latest progress and development in ferroptosis research in different cancer with a focus on proposing a novel strategy in cancer therapy, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devangkumar Maru
- Department of Biotechnology, Atmiya University, Rajkot-360005, India
| | - Akhil Hothi
- Department of Biotechnology, Atmiya University, Rajkot-360005, India
| | - Chintan Bagariya
- Department of Biotechnology, Atmiya University, Rajkot-360005, India
| | - Anmol Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, Atmiya University, Rajkot-360005, India
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Hu Q, Wei W, Wu D, Huang F, Li M, Li W, Yin J, Peng Y, Lu Y, Zhao Q, Liu L. Blockade of GCH1/BH4 Axis Activates Ferritinophagy to Mitigate the Resistance of Colorectal Cancer to Erastin-Induced Ferroptosis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:810327. [PMID: 35223839 PMCID: PMC8866854 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.810327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Ferroptosis, a type of cell death triggered by excessive accumulation of iron-dependent lipid peroxidation, possesses an excellent potential in cancer treatment. However, many colorectal cancer (CRC) cell lines are resistant to ferroptosis induced by erastin and RSL3, the classical ferroptotic inducers. Moreover, the underlying mechanism of resistance remains poorly elucidated. This study sought to discover the major factor contributing to ferroptosis resistance in CRC. The study findings will help design strategies for triggering ferroptosis for application in individualized tumor therapy. Here, we show that tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) determines the sensitivity of CRC cells to ferroptosis induced by erastin. GTP cyclohydrolase-1 (GCH1) is the first rate-limiting enzyme of BH4. Genetic or pharmacological inhibition of GCH1 decreased BH4 and assisted erastin in cell death induction, lipid peroxidation enhancement, and ferrous iron accumulation. BH4 supplementation completely inhibited ferroptotic features resulting from GCH1 knockdown. Unexpectedly, GCH1 knockdown failed to enhance RSL3-induced cell death in CRC. Mechanistically, GCH1 knockdown drastically activated ferritinophagy during erastin treatment rather than RSL3 treatment. Administration of an autophagy inhibitor reversed erastin resistance in GCH1-knockdown cells. GCH1 inhibitor and erastin co-treatment in vivo synergistically inhibited tumor growth in CRC. Overall, our results identified GCH1/BH4 metabolism as a burgeoning ferroptosis defense mechanism in CRC. Inhibiting GCH1/BH4 metabolism promoted erastin-induced ferroptosis by activating ferritinophagy, suggesting that combining GCH1 inhibitors with erastin in the treatment of CRC is a novel therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Hu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Clinical Center and Key Lab of Intestinal and Colorectal Diseases, Wuhan, China
| | - Wanhui Wei
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Clinical Center and Key Lab of Intestinal and Colorectal Diseases, Wuhan, China
| | - Daiqian Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Fengxing Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Clinical Center and Key Lab of Intestinal and Colorectal Diseases, Wuhan, China
| | - Mengting Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Clinical Center and Key Lab of Intestinal and Colorectal Diseases, Wuhan, China
| | - Wenjie Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Clinical Center and Key Lab of Intestinal and Colorectal Diseases, Wuhan, China
| | - Jingwen Yin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Clinical Center and Key Lab of Intestinal and Colorectal Diseases, Wuhan, China
| | - Yanan Peng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Clinical Center and Key Lab of Intestinal and Colorectal Diseases, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuanyuan Lu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Clinical Center and Key Lab of Intestinal and Colorectal Diseases, Wuhan, China
| | - Qiu Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Clinical Center and Key Lab of Intestinal and Colorectal Diseases, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Qiu Zhao, ; Lan Liu,
| | - Lan Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Clinical Center and Key Lab of Intestinal and Colorectal Diseases, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Qiu Zhao, ; Lan Liu,
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Wu J, Ye J, Xie Q, Liu B, Liu M. Targeting Regulated Cell Death with Pharmacological Small Molecules: An Update on Autophagy-Dependent Cell Death, Ferroptosis, and Necroptosis in Cancer. J Med Chem 2022; 65:2989-3001. [PMID: 35130435 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c01572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Regulated cell death is a widely attractive subject among the topics of cancer therapy and has gained some advances for discovery of targeted anticancer drugs. In the past decade, nonapoptotic regulated cell death has been implicated in the development and therapeutic responses of a variety of human cancers. Hitherto, targeting autophagy-dependent cell death (ADCD), ferroptosis, and necroptosis with small molecules has been emerging as a hopeful strategy for the improvement of potential cancer therapy, which may have an advantage to bypass the apoptosis-resistance machinery. Thus, in this perspective, we concentrate on the key molecular insights into ADCD, ferroptosis, and necroptosis and summarize the corresponding small molecules in potential cancer therapy. Moreover, the relationships between the three subroutines and small molecules modulating the crosstalk are discussed. We believe that these inspiring findings would be advantageous to exploiting more potential targets and pharmacological small molecules in future cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center and Department of Orthopedics, and Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jing Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center and Department of Orthopedics, and Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Qiang Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center and Department of Orthopedics, and Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Bo Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center and Department of Orthopedics, and Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Ming Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center and Department of Orthopedics, and Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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61
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Wang H, Wang Y, Niu M, Hu L, Chen L. Cold Acclimation for Enhancing the Cold Tolerance of Zebrafish Cells. Front Physiol 2022; 12:813451. [PMID: 35153820 PMCID: PMC8832062 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.813451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cold stress is an important threat in the life history of fish. However, current research on the tolerance mechanisms of fish to cold stress is incomplete. To explore the relevant molecular mechanisms enabling cold stress tolerance in fish, here we studied ZF4 cells subjected to short-term (4 days) low temperature stress and long-term (3 months) low temperature acclimation. The results showed that cell viability decreased and the cytoskeleton shrank under short-term (4 days) low temperature stress, while the cell viability and the cytoskeleton became normal after cold acclimation at 18°C for 3 months. Further, when the cells were transferred to the lower temperature (13°C), the survival rate was higher in the acclimated than non-acclimated group. By investigating the oxidative stress pathway, we found that the ROS (reactive oxygen species) content increased under short-term (4 days) cold stress, coupled with changes in glutathione (GSH), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzyme activity levels. In addition, overproduction of ROS disrupted physiological cellular homeostasis that generated apoptosis via the activation of the mitochondrial pathway. However, when compared with the non-domesticated group, both ROS levels and apoptosis were lowered in the long-term (3 months) domesticated cells. Taken together, these findings suggest that cold acclimation can improve the low temperature tolerance of the cells. This exploration of the mechanism by which zebrafish cells tolerate cold stress, thus contributes to laying the foundation for future study of the molecular mechanism of cold adaptation in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huamin Wang
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation for Aquatic Animal Genetics and Breeding, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Wang
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation for Aquatic Animal Genetics and Breeding, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Minghui Niu
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation for Aquatic Animal Genetics and Breeding, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Linghong Hu
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation for Aquatic Animal Genetics and Breeding, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Liangbiao Chen
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation for Aquatic Animal Genetics and Breeding, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Liangbiao Chen,
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62
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Yang F, Sun SY, Wang S, Guo JT, Liu X, Ge N, Wang GX. Molecular regulatory mechanism of ferroptosis and its role in gastrointestinal oncology: Progress and updates. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2022; 14:1-18. [PMID: 35116100 PMCID: PMC8790407 DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v14.i1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal (GI) tumors, including liver, pancreatic, gastric, and colorectal cancers, have a high incidence rate and low survival rate due to the lack of effective therapeutic methods and frequent relapses. Surgery and postoperative chemoradiotherapy have largely reduced the fatality rates for most GI tumors, but these therapeutic approaches result in poor prognoses due to severe adverse reactions and the development of drug resistance. Recent studies have shown that ferroptosis plays an important role in the onset and progression of GI tumors. Ferroptosis is a new non-apoptotic form of cell death, which is iron-dependent, non-apoptotic cell death characterized by the accumulation of lipid reactive oxygen species (ROS). The activation of ferroptosis can lead to tumor cell death. Thus, regulating ferroptosis in tumor cells may become a new therapeutic approach for tumors, making it become a research hotspot. Current studies suggest that ferroptosis is mainly triggered by the accumulation of lipid ROS. Furthermore, several studies have indicated that ferroptosis may be a new approach for the treatment of GI tumors. Here, we review current research progress on the mechanism of ferroptosis, current inducers and inhibitors of ferroptosis, and the role of ferroptosis in GI tumors to propose new methods for the treatment of such tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Si-Yu Sun
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Sheng Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Jin-Tao Guo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Xiang Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Nan Ge
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Guo-Xin Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, Liaoning Province, China
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63
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Qin Y, Pei Z, Feng Z, Lin P, Wang S, Li Y, Huo F, Wang Q, Wang Z, Chen ZN, Wu J, Wang YF. Oncogenic Activation of YAP Signaling Sensitizes Ferroptosis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma via ALOXE3-Mediated Lipid Peroxidation Accumulation. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 9:751593. [PMID: 34977009 PMCID: PMC8717939 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.751593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Ferroptosis, a form of programmed cell death process driven by iron-dependent lipid peroxidation, plays an important role in tumor suppression. Although previous study showed that intracellular Merlin-Hippo signaling suppresses ferroptosis of epithelial tumor cells through the inactivation of YAP signaling, it remains elusive if the proto-oncogenic transcriptional co-activator YAP could serve as a potential biomarker to predict cancer cell response to ferroptosis-inducing therapies. In this study, we show that both total YAP staining and nuclear YAP staining were more prevalent in HCC tissues than in nontumorous regions. Compared to low-density HCC cells, high-density cells showed decreased nuclear localization of YAP and conferred significant resistance to ferroptosis. Oncogenic activation of YAP signaling by overexpression of YAP(S127A) mutant sensitized ferroptosis of HCC cells cultured in confluent density or in the 3D tumor spheroid model. Furthermore, we validated the lipoxygenase ALOXE3 as a YAP-TEAD target gene that contributed to YAP-promoted ferroptosis. Overexpression of ALOXE3 effectively increased the vulnerability of HCC cells to ferroptotic cell death. In an orthotopic mouse model of HCC, genetic activation of YAP rendered HCC cells more susceptible to ferroptosis. Finally, an overall survival assay further revealed that both a high expression of YAP and a low expression of GPX4 were correlated with increased survival of HCC patients with sorafenib treatment, which had been proven to be an inducer for ferroptosis by inhibition of the xc-amino acid antiporter. Together, this study unveils the critical role of intracellular YAP signaling in dictating ferroptotic cell death; it also suggests that pathogenic alterations of YAP signaling can serve as biomarkers to predict cancer cell responsiveness to future ferroptosis-inducing therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifei Qin
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Center of Topical Precise Drug Delivery System, School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China.,National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Cell Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.,Guangzhou (Jinan) Biomedical Research and Development Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhuo Pei
- National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Cell Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhuan Feng
- National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Cell Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Peng Lin
- National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Cell Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Shijie Wang
- National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Cell Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yong Li
- National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Cell Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Fei Huo
- National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Cell Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Quancheng Wang
- National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Cell Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhiping Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Center of Topical Precise Drug Delivery System, School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhi-Nan Chen
- National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Cell Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jiao Wu
- National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Cell Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yi-Fei Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Center of Topical Precise Drug Delivery System, School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangzhou (Jinan) Biomedical Research and Development Center, Guangzhou, China
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64
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Wang G, Qin S, Zheng Y, Xia C, Zhang P, Zhang L, Yao J, Yi Y, Deng L. T-2 Toxin Induces Ferroptosis by Increasing Lipid Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) and Downregulating Solute Carrier Family 7 Member 11 (SLC7A11). JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:15716-15727. [PMID: 34918923 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c05393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
T-2 toxin is a trichothecene mycotoxin commonly found in animal feed and agricultural products. Evidence indicates that T-2 toxin induces apoptosis and autophagy. This study investigated the role of ferroptosis in T-2 toxin cytotoxicity. RAS-selective lethal compound 3 (RSL3) and Erastin were applied to initiate ferroptosis. RSL3- and Erastin-initiated cell death were enhanced by T-2 toxin. Treatment with the ferroptosis inhibitor ferrostatin-1 markedly restored the sensitizing effect of T-2 toxin to RSL3- or Erastin-initiated apoptosis, suggesting that ferroptosis plays a vital role in T-2 toxin-induced cytotoxicity. Mechanistically, T-2 toxin promoted ferroptosis by inducing lipid reactive oxygen species (ROS), as N-acetyl-l-cysteine significantly blocked T-2 toxin-induced ferroptosis. Moreover, T-2 toxin decreased the expression of solute carrier family 7 member 11 (SLC7A11) and failed to further enhance ferroptosis in SLC7A11-deficient cells. SLC7A11 overexpression significantly rescued the enhanced ferroptosis caused by T-2 toxin. T-2 toxin induces ferroptosis by downregulating SLC7A11 expression. Ferroptosis mediates T-2 toxin-induced cytotoxicity by increasing ROS and downregulating SLC7A11 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoyan Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Senlin Qin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Yining Zheng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Chao Xia
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Pei Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Linxuan Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Junhu Yao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Yanglei Yi
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Lu Deng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
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65
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Lin L, Chen H, Zhao R, Zhu M, Nie G. Nanomedicine Targets Iron Metabolism for Cancer Therapy. Cancer Sci 2021; 113:828-837. [PMID: 34962017 PMCID: PMC8898713 DOI: 10.1111/cas.15250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Iron is an essential element for cell proliferation and homeostasis by engaging in cell metabolism including DNA synthesis, cell cycle, and redox cycling; however, iron overload could contribute to tumor initiation, proliferation, metastasis, and angiogenesis. Therefore, manipulating iron metabolisms, such as using iron chelators, transferrin receptor 1 (TFR1) Abs, and cytotoxic ligands conjugated to transferrin, has become a considerable strategy for cancer therapy. However, there remain major limitations for potential translation to the clinic based on the regulation of iron metabolism in cancer treatment. Nanotechnology has made great advances for cancer treatment by improving the therapeutic potential and lowering the side‐effects of the proved drugs and those under various stages of development. Early studies that combined nanotechnology with therapeutic means for the regulation of iron metabolism have shown certain promise for developing specific treatment options based on the intervention of cancer iron acquisition, transportation, and utilization. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of iron metabolism involved in cancer and review the recent advances in iron‐regulatory nanotherapeutics for improved cancer therapy. We also envision the future development of nanotherapeutics for improved treatment for certain types of cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangru Lin
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Hanqing Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou Digestive Disease Center, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ruifang Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center of Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Motao Zhu
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center of Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Guangjun Nie
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center of Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, China
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66
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Demuynck R, Efimova I, Naessens F, Krysko DV. Immunogenic ferroptosis and where to find it? J Immunother Cancer 2021; 9:jitc-2021-003430. [PMID: 34903554 PMCID: PMC8671998 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2021-003430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Ferroptosis is a recently discovered form of regulated cell death that is morphologically, genetically, and biochemically distinct from apoptosis and necroptosis, and its potential use in anticancer therapy is emerging. The strong immunogenicity of (early) ferroptotic cancer cells broadens the current concept of immunogenic cell death and opens up new possibilities for cancer treatment. In particular, induction of immunogenic ferroptosis could be beneficial for patients with cancers resistant to apoptosis and necroptosis. However, ferroptotic cancer cells may be a rich source of oxidized lipids, which contribute to decreased phagocytosis and antigen cross-presentation by dendritic cells and thus may favor tumor evasion. This could explain the non-immunogenicity of late ferroptotic cells. Besides the presence of lactate in the tumor microenvironment, acidification and hypoxia are essential factors promoting ferroptosis resistance and affecting its immunogenicity. Here, we critically discuss the crucial mediators controlling the immunogenicity of ferroptosis that modulate the induction of antitumor immunity. We emphasize that it will be necessary to also identify the tolerogenic (ie, immunosuppressive) nature of ferroptosis, which can lead to tumor evasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Demuynck
- Cell Death Investigation and Therapy Lab, Department of Human Structure and Repair, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,Cancer Research Institute Ghent, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Iuliia Efimova
- Cell Death Investigation and Therapy Lab, Department of Human Structure and Repair, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,Cancer Research Institute Ghent, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Faye Naessens
- Cell Death Investigation and Therapy Lab, Department of Human Structure and Repair, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Dmitri V Krysko
- Cell Death Investigation and Therapy Lab, Department of Human Structure and Repair, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium .,Cancer Research Institute Ghent, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Pathophysiology, I M Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moskva, Russian Federation.,Institute of Biology and Biomedicine, National Research Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Niznij Novgorod, Russian Federation
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67
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The Regulatory Effects and the Signaling Pathways of Natural Bioactive Compounds on Ferroptosis. Foods 2021; 10:foods10122952. [PMID: 34945503 PMCID: PMC8700948 DOI: 10.3390/foods10122952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural bioactive compounds abundantly presented in foods and medicinal plants have recently received a remarkable attention because of their various biological activities and minimal toxicity. In recent years, many natural compounds appear to offer significant effects in the regulation of ferroptosis. Ferroptosis is the forefront of international scientific research which has been exponential growth since the term was coined. This type of regulated cell death is driven by iron-dependent phospholipid peroxidation. Recent studies have shown that numerous organ injuries and pathophysiological processes of many diseases are driven by ferroptosis, such as cancer, arteriosclerosis, neurodegenerative disease, diabetes, ischemia-reperfusion injury and acute renal failure. It is reported that the initiation and inhibition of ferroptosis plays a pivotal role in lipid peroxidation, organ damage, neurodegeneration and cancer growth and progression. Recently, many natural phytochemicals extracted from edible plants have been demonstrated to be novel ferroptosis regulators and have the potential to treat ferroptosis-related diseases. This review provides an updated overview on the role of natural bioactive compounds and the potential signaling pathways in the regulation of ferroptosis.
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68
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Xu C, Liu Z, Xiao J. Ferroptosis: A Double-Edged Sword in Gastrointestinal Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222212403. [PMID: 34830285 PMCID: PMC8620748 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Ferroptosis is a novel form of regulated cell death (RCD) that is typically accompanied by iron accumulation and lipid peroxidation. In contrast to apoptosis, autophagy, and necroptosis, ferroptosis has unique biological processes and pathophysiological characteristics. Since it was first proposed in 2012, ferroptosis has attracted attention worldwide. Ferroptosis is involved in the progression of multiple diseases and could be a novel therapeutic target in the future. Recently, tremendous progress has been made regarding ferroptosis and gastrointestinal diseases, including intestinal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), gastric cancer (GC), and colorectal cancer (CRC). In this review, we summarize the recent progress on ferroptosis and its interaction with gastrointestinal diseases. Understanding the role of ferroptosis in gastrointestinal disease pathogenesis could provide novel therapeutic targets for clinical treatment.
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69
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Liang B, Zhou D. ROS-Activated homodimeric podophyllotoxin nanomedicine with self-accelerating drug release for efficient cancer eradication. Drug Deliv 2021; 28:2361-2372. [PMID: 34747277 PMCID: PMC8583822 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2021.1995076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Although podophyllotoxin (POD) demonstrates high efficiency to inhibit various cancers, its clinic application is limited to poor bioavailability. Nanoparticles derived from homodimeric prodrugs with high drug loading potential are emerging as promising nanomedicines. However, complete intracellular drug release remains a major hindrance to the use of homodimeric prodrugs-based nanomedicine. We sought to develop a reactive oxygen species (ROS) responsive POD dimeric prodrug by incorporating vitamin K3 (VK3) and Pluronic F127 to synthesize a spheroid nanoparticle (PTV-NPs). PTV-NPs with high POD content could release drugs under the ROS enrichment microenvironment in cancer cells. The released VK3 could produce abundant ROS selectively in tumor cells catalyzed by the overexpressed NAD(P)H: quinone oxidoreductase-1 (NQO1) enzyme. In turn, the resultant high ROS concentration promoted the conversion of POD dimeric prodrug to POD monomer, thereby achieving the selective killing of cancer cells with weak system toxicity. In vitro and in vivo studies consistently confirmed that PTV-NPs exhibit high drug loading potential and upstanding bioavailability. They are also effectively internalized by tumor cells, induce abundant intracellular ROS generation, and have high tumor-specific cytotoxicity. This ROS-responsive dimeric prodrug nanoplatform characterized by selective self-amplification drug release may hold promise in the field of antitumor drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingfeng Liang
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China.,Department of Nursing, Hebei Women's Vocational College, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Dangxia Zhou
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
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70
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Shi ZZ, Tao H, Fan ZW, Song SJ, Bai J. Prognostic and Immunological Role of Key Genes of Ferroptosis in Pan-Cancer. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:748925. [PMID: 34722530 PMCID: PMC8548644 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.748925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Solute carrier family 7 member 11 (SLC7A11), glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4), and apoptosis inducing factor mitochondria associated 2 (AIFM2) are the key regulators in ferroptosis. However, the expression patterns and prognostic roles of these genes in pan-cancer are still largely unclear. The expression patterns and prognostic roles of SLC7A11, GPX4, and AIFM2 and the relationships between the expression levels of these genes and immune infiltration levels in pan-cancer were analyzed by using TIMER, gene expression profiling interactive analysis (GEPIA), Oncomine, and Kaplan–Meier databases. Our results showed that both SLC7A11 and GPX4 were overexpressed in colorectal cancer, and SLC7A11 was overexpressed in lung cancer. High levels of SLC7A11 and AIFM2 were significantly linked with the shortened disease-free survival and overall survival (OS) in adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC), respectively. And high expression of SLC7A11, GPX4, and AIFM2 were significantly correlated with the shortened OS of acute myeloid leukemia patients. In esophageal carcinoma (ESCA), GPX4 expression was significantly associated with the infiltration of macrophage and myeloid dendritic cell, and AIFM2 expression was significantly associated with the infiltration of CD4+ T cell. Importantly, GPX4 expression was positively correlated with the expression levels of monocyte markers (CD14 and CD115) and M2 macrophage markers (VSIG4 and MS4A4A) both in ESCA and in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSC). In summary, SLC7A11, GPX4, and AIFM2 are dysregulated in many types of cancers, and are candidate prognostic biomarkers for many types of cancers, and can be used to evaluate the infiltration of immune cells in tumor tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Zhou Shi
- Medical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Hao Tao
- Medical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Ze-Wen Fan
- Medical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Sheng-Jie Song
- Medical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Jie Bai
- Medical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
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71
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Fan X, Ou Y, Liu H, Zhan L, Zhu X, Cheng M, Li Q, Yin D, Liao L. A Ferroptosis-Related Prognostic Signature Based on Antitumor Immunity and Tumor Protein p53 Mutation Exploration for Guiding Treatment in Patients With Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Front Genet 2021; 12:732211. [PMID: 34616431 PMCID: PMC8488345 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.732211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Due to the lack of accurate guidance of biomarkers, the treatment of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) has not been ideal. Ferroptosis plays an important role in tumor suppression and treatment of patients. However, tumor protein p53 (TP53) mutation may promote tumor progression through ferroptosis. Therefore, it is particularly important to mine prognostic-related differentially expressed ferroptosis-related genes (PR-DE-FRGs) in HNSCC to construct a prognostic model for accurately guiding clinical treatment. Methods: First, the HNSCC data obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) was used to identify PR-DE-FRGs for screening candidate genes to construct a prognostic model. We not only used a variety of methods to verify the accuracy of the model for predicting prognosis but also explored the role of ferroptosis in the development of HNSCC from the perspective of the immune microenvironment and mutation. Finally, we explored the correlation between the prognostic model and clinical treatment and drew a high-precision nomogram to predict the prognosis. Results: Seventeen of the 29 PR-DE-FRGs were selected to construct a prognostic model with good predictive performance. Patients in the low-risk group were found to have a greater number of CD8 + T cells, follicular helper T cells, regulatory T cells, mast cells, T-cell costimulations, and type II interferon responses. A higher tumor mutation burden (TMB) was observed in the low-risk group and was associated with a better prognosis. A higher risk score was found in the TP53 mutation group and was associated with a worse prognosis. The risk score is closely related to the expression of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs)-related genes such as PD-L1 and the IC50 of six chemotherapeutic drugs. The nomogram we constructed performs well in predicting prognosis. Conclusion: Ferroptosis may participate in the progression of HNSCC through the immune microenvironment and TP53 mutation. The model we built can be used as an effective predictor of immunotherapy and chemotherapy effects and prognosis of HNSCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Fan
- The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.,The Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine, Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, China
| | - YangShaobo Ou
- The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.,The Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine, Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, China
| | - Huijie Liu
- The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.,The Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine, Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, China
| | | | - Xingrong Zhu
- The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.,The Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine, Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, China
| | - Mingyang Cheng
- The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.,The Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine, Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, China
| | - Qun Li
- The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.,The Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine, Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, China
| | - Dongmei Yin
- The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.,The Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine, Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, China
| | - Lan Liao
- The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.,The Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine, Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, China
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Ye L, Xu Y, Wang L, Zhang C, Hu P, Tong S, Liu Z, Tian D. Downregulation of CYP2E1 is associated with poor prognosis and tumor progression of gliomas. Cancer Med 2021; 10:8100-8113. [PMID: 34612013 PMCID: PMC8607268 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.4320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To explore the role and possible regulatory mechanisms of CYP2E1 in gliomas. Methods RNA‑seq data and corresponding clinical information of glioma patients were collected from The Cancer Genome Atlas and Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas, and mRNA data of normal brain tissues were obtained by the Genotype‐Tissue Expression project. The Wilcoxon test was performed to analyze the correlation between CYP2E1 expression and glioma subtypes. Univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression, receiver operating characteristic curves, and Kaplan–Meier plots were used to evaluate the prognostic value of CYP2E1 in glioma. Functional enrichment analyses and immune infiltration analyses were performed to investigate the potential function of CYP2E1 in gliomas. Moreover, we investigated the miRNA and epigenetic mechanisms that regulate CYP2E1 expression. Finally, network pharmacology and molecular docking experiments were used to predict drugs that target CYP2E1. Results The downregulation of CYP2E1 expression may predict a poor prognosis for glioma patients. CYP2E1 expression decreased with increasing WHO grade (II–IV), and its level was correlated with clinical features, including age, 1p19q codeletion status, and IDH state in glioma tissues. Furthermore, CYP2E1 was involved in lipid metabolism and ferroptosis and related to the tumor immune microenvironment due to its strong correlation with the levels of infiltrating monocytes and Tregs. Moreover, variation in the total methylation level and copy number of CYP2E1 was moderately correlated with its mRNA expression (p < 0.05). CYP2E1 was predicted to be targeted by hsa‐miR‐527, whose expression was negatively related to CYP2E1 mRNA expression (p < 0.05). In addition, effective compounds that target CYP2E1, including 18beta‐glycyrrhetinic acid, styrene, toluene, nicotine, m‐xylene, p‐xylene, and colchicine, were identified. Conclusion The downregulation of CYP2E1, which affects lipid metabolism and the ferroptosis signaling pathway, promotes the progression of gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liguo Ye
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Yang Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Long Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Chunyu Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Ping Hu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Shi'ao Tong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Zhennan Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Daofeng Tian
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, P.R. China
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Cai HJ, Zhuang ZC, Wu Y, Zhang YY, Liu X, Zhuang JF, Yang YF, Gao Y, Chen B, Guan GX. Development and validation of a ferroptosis-related lncRNAs prognosis signature in colon cancer. Bosn J Basic Med Sci 2021; 21:569-576. [PMID: 33714257 PMCID: PMC8381210 DOI: 10.17305/bjbms.2020.5617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Ferroptosis is a form of iron-dependent programmed cell death. Regulation of ferroptosis in tumor cells is a novel treatment modality. The present study aimed to investigate ferroptosis-related long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and construct a prognostic model for colon adenocarcinoma (COAD). RNA- sequencing data and ferroptosis-related genes were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas database and FerrDb database. COAD patients were randomly assigned to training- and validation groups. The Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator regression and Cox regression model were used to determine and develop a predictive model. The model was corroborated using the validation group and the entire group. In total, 259 ferroptosis-related genes and 905 ferroptosis-related LncRNAs were obtained. Cox model revealed and constructed seven ferroptosis-related LncRNAs signature (LINC01503, AC004687.1, AC010973.2, AP001189.3, ARRDC1-AS1, OIP5-AS1, and NCK1-DT). Patients were assigned into two groups according to the median risk score. Kaplan-Meier survival curves showed that overall survival between high- and low-risk groups was statistically significant (P<0.01). Cox multivariate analysis seven ferroptosis-related LncRNAs signature was an independent risk factor for COAD outcomes (P<0.05). The relationship between seven ferroptosis-related LncRNAs and clinicopathological features was also examined. The principal component analysis showed a difference between high- and low-risk groups intuitively. With the aid of gene set enrichment analysis, the underlying mechanisms of seven ferroptosis-related LncRNAs were uncovered, including the MAPK signaling pathway, mTOR signaling pathway, and glutathione metabolism pathway. Finally, we established and validated seven ferroptosis-related lncRNAs signature for COAD patients to predict survival. These results may provide meaningful targets for future study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua-jun Cai
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zhi-cheng Zhuang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yong Wu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yi-yi Zhang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xing Liu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jin-fu Zhuang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yuan-feng Yang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yuan Gao
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Bin Chen
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Guo-xian Guan
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
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Emerging role of ferroptosis in breast cancer: New dawn for overcoming tumor progression. Pharmacol Ther 2021; 232:107992. [PMID: 34606782 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2021.107992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer has become a serious threat to women's health. Cancer progression is mainly derived from resistance to apoptosis induced by procedures or therapies. Therefore, new drugs or models that can overcome apoptosis resistance should be identified. Ferroptosis is a recently identified mode of cell death characterized by excess reactive oxygen species-induced lipid peroxidation. Since ferroptosis is distinct from apoptosis, necrosis and autophagy, its induction successfully eliminates cancer cells that are resistant to other modes of cell death. Therefore, ferroptosis may become a new direction around which to design breast cancer treatment. Unfortunately, the complete appearance of ferroptosis in breast cancer has not yet been fully elucidated. Furthermore, whether ferroptosis inducers can be used in combination with traditional anti- breast cancer drugs is still unknown. Moreover, a summary of ferroptosis in breast cancer progression and therapy is currently not available. In this review, we discuss the roles of ferroptosis-associated modulators glutathione, glutathione peroxidase 4, iron, nuclear factor erythroid-2 related factor-2, superoxide dismutases, lipoxygenase and coenzyme Q in breast cancer. Furthermore, we provide evidence that traditional drugs against breast cancer induce ferroptosis, and that ferroptosis inducers eliminate breast cancer cells. Finally, we put forward prospect of using ferroptosis inducers in breast cancer therapy, and predict possible obstacles and corresponding solutions. This review will deepen our understanding of the relationship between ferroptosis and breast cancer, and provide new insights into breast cancer-related therapeutic strategies.
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75
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Ferroptosis Meets Cell-Cell Contacts. Cells 2021; 10:cells10092462. [PMID: 34572111 PMCID: PMC8471828 DOI: 10.3390/cells10092462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Ferroptosis is a regulated form of cell death characterized by iron dependency and increased lipid peroxidation. Initially assumed to be selectively induced in tumour cells, there is increasing evidence that ferroptosis plays an important role in pathophysiology and numerous cell types and tissues. Deregulated ferroptosis has been linked to human diseases, such as neurodegenerative diseases, cardiovascular disorders, and cancer. Along these lines, ferroptosis is a promising pathway to overcoming therapy resistance of cancer cells. It is therefore of utmost importance to understand the cellular signalling pathways and the molecular mechanisms underlying ferroptosis regulation, including context-specific effects mediated by the neighbouring cells through cell–cell contacts. Here, we give an overview on the molecular events and machinery linked to ferroptosis induction and commitment. We further summarize and discuss current knowledge about the role of cell–cell contacts, which differ in ferroptosis regulation between normal somatic cells and cancer cells. We present emerging concepts on the underlying mechanisms, address open questions, and discuss the possible impact of cell–cell contacts on exploiting ferroptosis in cancer therapy.
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Wang Y, Chen W, Zhu M, Xian L. Ferroptosis-Related Gene Signature and Patterns of Immune Infiltration Predict the Overall Survival in Patients With Lung Adenocarcinoma. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:692530. [PMID: 34395526 PMCID: PMC8360867 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.692530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is a malignant tumor with high heterogeneity and poor prognosis. Ferroptosis, a form of regulated cell-death–related iron, has been proven to trigger inflammation-associated immunosuppression in the tumor microenvironment, which promotes tumor growth. Therefore, the clinical prognostic value of ferroptosis-related genes in LUAD needs to be further explored. Method: In this study, we downloaded the mRNA expression profiles and corresponding clinical data of LUAD patients from the Cancer Genome Atlas database. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) Cox regression model was utilized to construct ferroptosis-related gene signature. Based on these, we established the nomograms for prognosis prediction and validated the model in the GSE72094 dataset. The cell type was identified using the CIBERSORT algorithm for estimating relative subsets of RNA transcripts, which was then used to screen significant tumor immune-infiltrating cells associated with the LUAD prognosis prediction model. Subsequently, we applied co-expression analysis to reveal the relationship between ferroptosis-related genes and significant immune cells. Results: The univariate COX regression analysis showed that 20 genes were associated with the overall survival (OS) as prognostic differentially expressed genes (DEGs) (FDR <0.05). Patients were divided into two risk groups using a 13-gene signature, with the high-risk group having a significantly worse OS than their low-risk counterparts (p < 0.001). We used receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis to confirm the predictive capacity of the signature. Besides, we identified seven pairs of ferroptosis-related genes and tumor-infiltrating immune cells associated with the prognosis of LUAD patients. Conclusion: In this study, we construct a ferroptosis-related gene signature that can be used for prognostic prediction in LUAD. In addition, we reveal a potential connection between ferroptosis and tumor-infiltrating immune cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxuan Wang
- Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.,Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Nanning, China
| | - Weikang Chen
- Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.,Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Nanning, China
| | - Minqi Zhu
- Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.,Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Nanning, China
| | - Lei Xian
- Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.,Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Nanning, China
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77
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Qi X, Wang R, Lin Y, Yan D, Zuo J, Chen J, Shen B. A Ferroptosis-Related Gene Signature Identified as a Novel Prognostic Biomarker for Colon Cancer. Front Genet 2021; 12:692426. [PMID: 34276794 PMCID: PMC8280527 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.692426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Colon cancer (CC) is a common gastrointestinal malignant tumor with high heterogeneity in clinical behavior and response to treatment, making individualized survival prediction challenging. Ferroptosis is a newly discovered iron-dependent cell death that plays a critical role in cancer biology. Therefore, identifying a prognostic biomarker with ferroptosis-related genes provides a new strategy to guide precise clinical decision-making in CC patients. Methods Alteration in the expression profile of ferroptosis-related genes was initially screened in GSE39582 dataset involving 585 CC patients. Univariate Cox regression analysis and LASSO-penalized Cox regression analysis were combined to further identify a novel ferroptosis-related gene signature for overall survival prediction. The prognostic performance of the signature was validated in the GSE17536 dataset by Kaplan-Meier survival curve and time-dependent ROC curve analyses. Functional annotation of the signature was explored by integrating GO and KEGG enrichment analysis, GSEA analysis and ssGSEA analysis. Furthermore, an outcome risk nomogram was constructed considering both the gene signature and the clinicopathological features. Results The prognostic signature biomarker composed of 9 ferroptosis-related genes accurately discriminated high-risk and low-risk patients with CC in both the training and validation datasets. The signature was tightly linked to clinicopathological features and possessed powerful predictive ability for distinct clinical subgroups. Furthermore, the risk score was confirmed to be an independent prognostic factor for CC patients by multivariate Cox regression analysis (p < 0.05). Functional annotation analyses showed that the prognostic signature was closely correlated with pivotal cancer hallmarks, particularly cell cycle, transcriptional regulation, and immune-related functions. Moreover, a nomogram with the signature was also built to quantify outcome risk for each patient. Conclusion The novel ferroptosis-related gene signature biomarker can be utilized for predicting individualized prognosis, optimizing survival risk assessment and facilitating personalized management of CC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Qi
- School of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, China
| | - Rui Wang
- School of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, China
| | - Yuxin Lin
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Donghui Yan
- School of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, China
| | - Jiachen Zuo
- School of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, China
| | - Jiajia Chen
- School of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, China
| | - Bairong Shen
- Institute for Systems Genetics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Shao Y, Jia H, Huang L, Li S, Wang C, Aikemu B, Yang G, Hong H, Yang X, Zhang S, Sun J, Zheng M. An Original Ferroptosis-Related Gene Signature Effectively Predicts the Prognosis and Clinical Status for Colorectal Cancer Patients. Front Oncol 2021; 11:711776. [PMID: 34249766 PMCID: PMC8264263 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.711776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common malignant tumors in the world. Ferroptosis is a newly defined form of cell death, distinguished by different morphology, biochemistry, and genetics, and involved in CRC progression and treatment. This study aims to establish a predictive model to elucidate the relationship between ferroptosis and prognosis of CRC patients, to explore the potential value of ferroptosis in therapeutic options. Methods The ferroptosis-related genes were obtained from the GeneCards and FerrDb websites. The limma R package was used to screen the differential ferroptosis-related genes (DEGs) in CRC from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) dataset. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) and multivariate Cox regressions were to establish the 10-gene prognostic signature. The survival and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were illustrated to evaluate the predictive effect of the signature. Besides, independent prognostic factors, downstream functional enrichment, drug sensitivity, somatic mutation status, and immune feature were analyzed. Moreover, all these conclusions were verified by using multiple datasets in International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO). Results Ten ferroptosis-related gene signature (TFAP2C, SLC39A8, NOS2, HAMP, GDF15, FDFT1, CDKN2A, ALOX12, AKR1C1, ATP6V1G2) was established to predict the prognosis of CRC patients by Lasso cox analysis, demonstrating a good performance on Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) and Kaplan–Meier (K–M) analyses. The CRC patients in the high- or low-risk group showed significantly different fractions of immune cells, such as macrophage cells and CD8+ T cells. Drug sensitivity and somatic mutation status like TP53 were also closely associated with the risk scores. Conclusions In this study, we identified a novel ferroptosis-related 10-gene signature, which could effectively predict the prognosis and survival time of CRC patients, and provide meaningful clinical implications for targeted therapy or immunotherapy. Targeting ferroptosis is a good therapeutic option for CRC patients. Further studies are needed to reveal the underlying mechanisms of ferroptosis in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfei Shao
- Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongtao Jia
- Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ling Huang
- Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuchun Li
- Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chenxing Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Batuer Aikemu
- Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Guang Yang
- Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hiju Hong
- Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao Yang
- Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Sen Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Sun
- Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Minhua Zheng
- Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Ferri-Liposomes: Preformulation and Selective Cytotoxicity against A549 Lung Cancer Cells. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13050712. [PMID: 34068129 PMCID: PMC8152733 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13050712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Liposomes have become successful nanostructured systems used in clinical practices. These vesicles are able to carry important drug loadings with noteworthy stability. The aim of this work was to develop iron oxide-loaded stealth liposomes as a prospective alternative for the treatment of lung cancer. In this study, citric acid iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs-Ac) were synthesized and encapsulated in stealth liposomes. Their cytotoxicity and selectivity against lung tumor cells were assessed. Stealth liposomal vesicles, with relevant content of IONPs-Ac, named ferri-liposomes (SL-IONPs-Ac), were produced with an average size of 200 nm. They displayed important cytotoxicity in a human lung cancer cells model (A549 cells), even at low concentrations, whereas free IONPs-Ac displayed adequate biocompatibility. Nevertheless, the treatment at the same concentration of ferri-liposomes against HEK-293 cells, a normal human cell lineage, was not significantly cytotoxic, revealing a probable lung tumor selectiveness of the fabricated formulation. Furthermore, from the flow cytometry studies, it was possible to infer that ferri-liposomes were able to induce A549 tumor cells death through apoptosis/ferroptosis processes, evidenced by a significant reduction of the mitochondrial membrane potential.
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Regulated Necrotic Cell Death in Alternative Tumor Therapeutic Strategies. Cells 2020; 9:cells9122709. [PMID: 33348858 PMCID: PMC7767016 DOI: 10.3390/cells9122709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The treatment of tumors requires the induction of cell death. Radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and immunotherapy are administered to kill cancer cells; however, some cancer cells are resistant to these therapies. Therefore, effective treatments require various strategies for the induction of cell death. Regulated cell death (RCD) is systematically controlled by intracellular signaling proteins. Apoptosis and autophagy are types of RCD that are morphologically different from necrosis, while necroptosis, pyroptosis, and ferroptosis are morphologically similar to necrosis. Unlike necrosis, regulated necrotic cell death (RNCD) is caused by disruption of the plasma membrane under the control of specific proteins and induces tissue inflammation. Various types of RNCD, such as necroptosis, pyroptosis, and ferroptosis, have been used as therapeutic strategies against various tumor types. In this review, the mechanisms of necroptosis, pyroptosis, and ferroptosis are described in detail, and a potential effective treatment strategy to increase the anticancer effects on apoptosis- or autophagy-resistant tumor types through the induction of RNCD is suggested.
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