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Citro S, Lazzaro GD, Cimmino AT, Giuffrè GM, Marra C, Calabresi P. A multiple hits hypothesis for memory dysfunction in Parkinson disease. Nat Rev Neurol 2024; 20:50-61. [PMID: 38052985 DOI: 10.1038/s41582-023-00905-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
Cognitive disorders are increasingly recognized in Parkinson disease (PD), even in early disease stages, and memory is one of the most affected cognitive domains. Classically, hippocampal cholinergic system dysfunction was associated with memory disorders, whereas nigrostriatal dopaminergic system impairment was considered responsible for executive deficits. Evidence from PD studies now supports involvement of the amygdala, which modulates emotional attribution to experiences. Here, we propose a tripartite model including the hippocampus, striatum and amygdala as key structures for cognitive disorders in PD. First, the anatomo-functional relationships of these structures are explored and experimental evidence supporting their role in cognitive dysfunction in PD is summarized. We then discuss the potential role of α-synuclein, a pathological hallmark of PD, in the tripartite memory system as a key mechanism in the pathogenesis of memory disorders in the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Citro
- Neurology Section, Department of Neuroscience, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Giulia Di Lazzaro
- Neurology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Angelo Tiziano Cimmino
- Neurology Section, Department of Neuroscience, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Guido Maria Giuffrè
- Neurology Section, Department of Neuroscience, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
- Neurology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Camillo Marra
- Neurology Section, Department of Neuroscience, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
- Neurology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Calabresi
- Neurology Section, Department of Neuroscience, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy.
- Neurology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
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52
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Jellinger KA. Pathobiology of Cognitive Impairment in Parkinson Disease: Challenges and Outlooks. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 25:498. [PMID: 38203667 PMCID: PMC10778722 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Cognitive impairment (CI) is a characteristic non-motor feature of Parkinson disease (PD) that poses a severe burden on the patients and caregivers, yet relatively little is known about its pathobiology. Cognitive deficits are evident throughout the course of PD, with around 25% of subtle cognitive decline and mild CI (MCI) at the time of diagnosis and up to 83% of patients developing dementia after 20 years. The heterogeneity of cognitive phenotypes suggests that a common neuropathological process, characterized by progressive degeneration of the dopaminergic striatonigral system and of many other neuronal systems, results not only in structural deficits but also extensive changes of functional neuronal network activities and neurotransmitter dysfunctions. Modern neuroimaging studies revealed multilocular cortical and subcortical atrophies and alterations in intrinsic neuronal connectivities. The decreased functional connectivity (FC) of the default mode network (DMN) in the bilateral prefrontal cortex is affected already before the development of clinical CI and in the absence of structural changes. Longitudinal cognitive decline is associated with frontostriatal and limbic affections, white matter microlesions and changes between multiple functional neuronal networks, including thalamo-insular, frontoparietal and attention networks, the cholinergic forebrain and the noradrenergic system. Superimposed Alzheimer-related (and other concomitant) pathologies due to interactions between α-synuclein, tau-protein and β-amyloid contribute to dementia pathogenesis in both PD and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB). To further elucidate the interaction of the pathomechanisms responsible for CI in PD, well-designed longitudinal clinico-pathological studies are warranted that are supported by fluid and sophisticated imaging biomarkers as a basis for better early diagnosis and future disease-modifying therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kurt A Jellinger
- Institute of Clinical Neurobiology, Alberichgasse 5/13, A-1150 Vienna, Austria
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53
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Saramowicz K, Siwecka N, Galita G, Kucharska-Lusina A, Rozpędek-Kamińska W, Majsterek I. Alpha-Synuclein Contribution to Neuronal and Glial Damage in Parkinson's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 25:360. [PMID: 38203531 PMCID: PMC10778752 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a complex neurodegenerative disease characterized by the progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra and the widespread accumulation of alpha-synuclein (αSyn) protein aggregates. αSyn aggregation disrupts critical cellular processes, including synaptic function, mitochondrial integrity, and proteostasis, which culminate in neuronal cell death. Importantly, αSyn pathology extends beyond neurons-it also encompasses spreading throughout the neuronal environment and internalization by microglia and astrocytes. Once internalized, glia can act as neuroprotective scavengers, which limit the spread of αSyn. However, they can also become reactive, thereby contributing to neuroinflammation and the progression of PD. Recent advances in αSyn research have enabled the molecular diagnosis of PD and accelerated the development of targeted therapies. Nevertheless, despite more than two decades of research, the cellular function, aggregation mechanisms, and induction of cellular damage by αSyn remain incompletely understood. Unraveling the interplay between αSyn, neurons, and glia may provide insights into disease initiation and progression, which may bring us closer to exploring new effective therapeutic strategies. Herein, we provide an overview of recent studies emphasizing the multifaceted nature of αSyn and its impact on both neuron and glial cell damage.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Ireneusz Majsterek
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, 92-215 Lodz, Poland; (K.S.); (N.S.); (G.G.); (A.K.-L.); (W.R.-K.)
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54
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Lee KH, Hsu MH, Chen HH, Yang SY. Analyzer-to-Analyzer Variations in Assaying Ultralow Concentrated Biomarkers Associated with Neurodegenerative Diseases Using Immunomagnetic Reduction. ACS MEASUREMENT SCIENCE AU 2023; 3:488-495. [PMID: 38145030 PMCID: PMC10740117 DOI: 10.1021/acsmeasuresciau.3c00029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
By utilizing a high-temperature superconducting quantum interference device (high-Tc SQUID) magnetometer, an alternating current (AC) magnetosusceptometer, referred to as an analyzer, was developed for ultrasensitive immunoassays. The analyzer has been applied to assay biomarkers in human plasma associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD). The involved assay methodology is the so-called immunomagnetic reduction (IMR). Such an analyzer has been approved for clinical use in Taiwan and Europe. The mass production of the analyzer is needed for clinical utilities. The issue of exploring analyzer-to-analyzer variations in the performances becomes critical. Unfortunately, there is no standard characterization to determine the variations in performances among analyzers. In this study, key characterizations, such as output signal stability, signal-to-noise ratio, measured concentrations of a control sample, etc., are proposed. In total, three analyzers are characterized in this work. The detected biomarkers include amyloid peptides, total tau protein, phosphorylated tau protein, and α-synuclein protein for AD and PD. Through one-way ANOVA for any of the characterizations among the three analyzers, it was found that there was no significant difference in any of these characterizations among the analyzers (p > 0.05). Furthermore, the three analyzers are applied to assay biomolecules for AD and PD in reference samples. High correlations (r > 0.8) in measured concentrations of any of these biomarkers in reference samples were obtained among the three analyzers. The results demonstrate that the proposed characterizations are feasible for achieving consistent performance among high-Tc SQUID-based AC magnetosusceptometers for assaying biomolecules.
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55
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Troshev D, Kolacheva A, Pavlova E, Blokhin V, Ugrumov M. Application of OpenArray Technology to Assess Changes in the Expression of Functionally Significant Genes in the Substantia Nigra of Mice in a Model of Parkinson's Disease. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:2202. [PMID: 38137024 PMCID: PMC10742853 DOI: 10.3390/genes14122202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Studying the molecular mechanisms of the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD) is critical to improve PD treatment. We used OpenArray technology to assess gene expression in the substantia nigra (SN) cells of mice in a 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) model of PD and in controls. Among the 11 housekeeping genes tested, Rps27a was taken as the reference gene due to its most stable expression in normal and experimental conditions. From 101 genes encoding functionally significant proteins of nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons, 57 highly expressed genes were selected to assess their expressions in the PD model and in the controls. The expressions of Th, Ddc, Maoa, Comt, Slc6a3, Slc18a2, Drd2, and Nr4a2 decreased in the experiment compared to the control, indicating decreases in the synthesis, degradation, and transport of dopamine and the impaired autoregulation of dopaminergic neurons. The expressions of Tubb3, Map2, Syn1, Syt1, Rab7, Sod1, Cib1, Gpx1, Psmd4, Ubb, Usp47, and Ctsb genes were also decreased in the MPTP-treated mice, indicating impairments of axonal and vesicular transport and abnormal functioning of the antioxidant and ubiquitin-proteasome systems in the SN. The detected decreases in the expressions of Snca, Nsf, Dnm1l, and Keap1 may serve to reduce pathological protein aggregation, increase dopamine release in the striatum, prevent mitophagy, and restore the redox status of SN cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Michael Ugrumov
- Laboratory of Neural and Neuroendocrine Regulations, Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 119334 Moscow, Russia; (D.T.); (A.K.); (E.P.); (V.B.)
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Di Credico A, Weiss A, Corsini M, Gaggi G, Ghinassi B, Wilbertz JH, Di Baldassarre A. Machine learning identifies phenotypic profile alterations of human dopaminergic neurons exposed to bisphenols and perfluoroalkyls. Sci Rep 2023; 13:21907. [PMID: 38081991 PMCID: PMC10713827 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-49364-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease and is characterized by the loss of midbrain dopaminergic neurons. Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are active substances that interfere with hormonal signaling. Among EDCs, bisphenols (BPs) and perfluoroalkyls (PFs) are chemicals leached from plastics and other household products, and humans are unavoidably exposed to these xenobiotics. Data from animal studies suggest that EDCs exposure may play a role in PD, but data about the effect of BPs and PFs on human models of the nervous system are lacking. Previous studies demonstrated that machine learning (ML) applied to microscopy data can classify different cell phenotypes based on image features. In this study, the effect of BPs and PFs at different concentrations within the real-life exposure range (0.01, 0.1, 1, and 2 µM) on the phenotypic profile of human stem cell-derived midbrain dopaminergic neurons (mDANs) was analyzed. Cells exposed for 72 h to the xenobiotics were stained with neuronal markers and evaluated using high content microscopy yielding 126 different phenotypic features. Three different ML models (LDA, XGBoost and LightGBM) were trained to classify EDC-treated versus control mDANs. EDC treated mDANs were identified with high accuracies (0.88-0.96). Assessment of the phenotypic feature contribution to the classification showed that EDCs induced a significant increase of alpha-synuclein (αSyn) and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) staining intensity within the neurons. Moreover, microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP2) neurite length and branching were significantly diminished in treated neurons. Our study shows that human mDANs are adversely impacted by exposure to EDCs, causing their phenotype to shift and exhibit more characteristics of PD. Importantly, ML-supported high-content imaging can identify concrete but subtle subcellular phenotypic changes that can be easily overlooked by visual inspection alone and that define EDCs effects in mDANs, thus enabling further pathological characterization in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Di Credico
- Reprogramming and Cell Differentiation Lab, Center for Advanced Studies, and Technology (CAST), 66100, Chieti, Italy
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, "G. D'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100, Chieti, Italy
- UdATech Lab Center (UdATech), 66100, Chieti, Italy
| | | | - Massimo Corsini
- Dipartimento Di Neuroscienze Umane, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Chieti, Italy
| | - Giulia Gaggi
- Reprogramming and Cell Differentiation Lab, Center for Advanced Studies, and Technology (CAST), 66100, Chieti, Italy
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, "G. D'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100, Chieti, Italy
- UdATech Lab Center (UdATech), 66100, Chieti, Italy
| | - Barbara Ghinassi
- Reprogramming and Cell Differentiation Lab, Center for Advanced Studies, and Technology (CAST), 66100, Chieti, Italy
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, "G. D'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100, Chieti, Italy
- UdATech Lab Center (UdATech), 66100, Chieti, Italy
| | | | - Angela Di Baldassarre
- Reprogramming and Cell Differentiation Lab, Center for Advanced Studies, and Technology (CAST), 66100, Chieti, Italy
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, "G. D'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100, Chieti, Italy
- UdATech Lab Center (UdATech), 66100, Chieti, Italy
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57
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Niederberger E, Möller M, Mungo E, Hass M, Wilken-Schmitz A, Manderscheid C, Möser CV, Geisslinger G. Distinct molecular mechanisms contribute to the reduction of melanoma growth and tumor pain after systemic and local depletion of alpha-Synuclein in mice. FASEB J 2023; 37:e23287. [PMID: 37930651 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202301489r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies show a coincidence between Parkinson's disease (PD) and malignant melanoma. It has been suggested that this relationship is due, at least in part, to modulation of alpha-Synuclein (αSyn/Snca). αSyn oligomers accumulate in PD, which triggers typical PD symptoms, and in malignant melanoma, which increases the proliferation of tumor cells. In addition, αSyn contributes to non-motor symptoms of PD, including pain. In this study, we investigated the role of αSyn in melanoma growth and melanoma-induced pain in a mouse model using systemic and local depletion of αSyn. B16BL6 wild-type as well as αSyn knock-down melanoma cells were inoculated into the paws of αSyn knock-out mice and wild-type mice, respectively. Tumor growth and tumor-induced pain hypersensitivity were assessed over a period of 21 days. Molecular mechanisms were analyzed by RT-PCR and Western Blot in tumors, spinal cord, and sciatic nerve. Our results indicate that both global and local ablation of Snca contribute to reduced tumor growth and to a reduction of tumor-induced mechanical allodynia, though mechanisms contributing to these effects differ. While injection of wild-type cells in Snca knock-out mice strongly increased the immune response in the tumor, local Snca knock-down decreased autophagy mechanisms and the inflammatory reaction in the tumor. In conclusion, a knockdown of αSyn might constitute a promising approach to inhibiting the progression of melanoma and reducing tumor-induced pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen Niederberger
- Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Universitätsklinikum, pharmazentrum frankfurt/ZAFES, Institut für Klinische Pharmakologie, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine & Pharmacology ITMP, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Moritz Möller
- Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Universitätsklinikum, pharmazentrum frankfurt/ZAFES, Institut für Klinische Pharmakologie, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Eleonora Mungo
- Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Universitätsklinikum, pharmazentrum frankfurt/ZAFES, Institut für Klinische Pharmakologie, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Michelle Hass
- Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Universitätsklinikum, pharmazentrum frankfurt/ZAFES, Institut für Klinische Pharmakologie, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Annett Wilken-Schmitz
- Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Universitätsklinikum, pharmazentrum frankfurt/ZAFES, Institut für Klinische Pharmakologie, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Christine Manderscheid
- Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Universitätsklinikum, pharmazentrum frankfurt/ZAFES, Institut für Klinische Pharmakologie, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Christine V Möser
- Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Universitätsklinikum, pharmazentrum frankfurt/ZAFES, Institut für Klinische Pharmakologie, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine & Pharmacology ITMP, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Gerd Geisslinger
- Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Universitätsklinikum, pharmazentrum frankfurt/ZAFES, Institut für Klinische Pharmakologie, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine & Pharmacology ITMP, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Fraunhofer Cluster of Excellence for Immune Mediated Diseases CIMD, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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58
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Kumari N, Anand S, Shah K, Chauhan NS, Sethiya NK, Singhal M. Emerging Role of Plant-Based Bioactive Compounds as Therapeutics in Parkinson's Disease. Molecules 2023; 28:7588. [PMID: 38005310 PMCID: PMC10673433 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28227588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurological ailments, including stroke, Alzheimer's disease (AD), epilepsy, Parkinson's disease (PD), and other related diseases, have affected around 1 billion people globally to date. PD stands second among the common neurodegenerative diseases caused as a result of dopaminergic neuron loss in the midbrain's substantia nigra regions. It affects cognitive and motor activities, resulting in tremors during rest, slow movement, and muscle stiffness. There are various traditional approaches for the management of PD, but they provide only symptomatic relief. Thus, a survey for finding new biomolecules or substances exhibiting the therapeutic potential to patients with PD is the main focus of present-day research. Medicinal plants, herbal formulations, and natural bioactive molecules have been gaining much more attention in recent years as synthetic molecules orchestrate a number of undesired effects. Several in vitro, in vivo, and in silico studies in the recent past have demonstrated the therapeutic potential of medicinal plants, herbal formulations, and plant-based bioactives. Among the plant-based bioactives, polyphenols, terpenes, and alkaloids are of particular interest due to their potent anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and brain-health-promoting properties. Further, there are no concise, elaborated articles comprising updated mechanism-of-action-based reviews of the published literature on potent, recently investigated (2019-2023) medicinal plants, herbal formulations, and plant based-bioactive molecules, including polyphenols, terpenes, and alkaloids, as a method for the management of PD. Therefore, we designed the current review to provide an illustration of the efficacious role of various medicinal plants, herbal formulations, and bioactives (polyphenols, terpenes, and alkaloids) that can become potential therapeutics against PD with greater specificity, target approachability, bioavailability, and safety to the host. This information can be further utilized in the future to develop several value-added formulations and nutraceutical products to achieve the desired safety and efficacy for the management of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitu Kumari
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Applied Sciences, REVA University, Bengaluru 560064, Karnataka, India;
| | - Santosh Anand
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Applied Sciences, REVA University, Bengaluru 560064, Karnataka, India;
| | - Kamal Shah
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura 281406, Uttar Pradesh, India;
| | | | - Neeraj K. Sethiya
- Faculty of Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical and Populations Health Informatics, DIT University, Dehradun 248009, Uttarakhand, India;
| | - Manmohan Singhal
- Faculty of Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical and Populations Health Informatics, DIT University, Dehradun 248009, Uttarakhand, India;
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Foressi NN, Rodríguez LC, Celej MS. Heterotypic liquid-liquid phase separation of tau and α-synuclein: Implications for overlapping neuropathologies. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2023; 1871:140950. [PMID: 37574035 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2023.140950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
Tauopathies and synucleinopathies are characterized by the aggregation of Tau and α-synuclein (AS) into amyloid structures, respectively. Individuals with these neuropathies have an elevated risk of developing subsequent neurodegenerative or comorbid disorders. Intriguingly, post-mortem brain examinations have revealed co-localization of Tau and AS aggregates, suggesting a synergistic pathological relationship with an adverse prognosis. The role of liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) in the development of neurodegenerative diseases is currently receiving significant attention, as it can contribute to the aggregation and co-deposition of amyloidogenic proteins. In this study, we investigated the phase separation behavior of Tau and AS under various insults, some of which are implicated in disease progression. Our findings demonstrate the formation of heterotypic droplets composed of Tau and AS at physiologically relevant mole ratios that mimic neurons' soma and terminal buttons. Importantly, these heterotypic droplets exhibit increased resistance to electrostatic screening compared to homotypic condensates. Moreover, we observed that biologically relevant biomolecules, known to be dysregulated in disease, exert different effects on these droplets. Additionally, we provide evidence that phase separation itself influences the amyloid aggregation of Tau and AS, underscoring the significance of this process in the development of aggregopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nahuel N Foressi
- Departamento de Química Biológica Ranwel Caputto, Centro de Investigaciones en Química Biológica de Córdoba (CIQUIBIC, CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Haya de la Torre y Medina Allende, Ciudad Universitaria, X5000HUA Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Leandro Cruz Rodríguez
- Departamento de Química Biológica Ranwel Caputto, Centro de Investigaciones en Química Biológica de Córdoba (CIQUIBIC, CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Haya de la Torre y Medina Allende, Ciudad Universitaria, X5000HUA Córdoba, Argentina
| | - M Soledad Celej
- Departamento de Química Biológica Ranwel Caputto, Centro de Investigaciones en Química Biológica de Córdoba (CIQUIBIC, CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Haya de la Torre y Medina Allende, Ciudad Universitaria, X5000HUA Córdoba, Argentina.
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60
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Ladouce R, MacAleese L, Wittine K, Merćep M, Girod M. Specific detection of protein carbonylation sites by 473 nm photodissociation mass spectrometry. Anal Bioanal Chem 2023; 415:6619-6632. [PMID: 37755489 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-023-04956-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
The study of protein oxidation remains a challenge despite the biomedical interest in reliable biomarkers of oxidative stress. This is particularly true for carbonylations although, recently, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry techniques (LC-MS) have been proposed to detect this non-enzymatic and poorly distributed oxidative modification of proteins using untargeted or carbonyl-reactive probe methods. These methods proved to be feasible but could not preserve the dynamic range of the protein sample, making it impossible to quantify oxidatively modified proteoforms compared with native proteoforms. Here, we propose an innovative method based on the implementation of a reactive carbonyl probe conjugated with a laser-sensitive chromophore, dabcyl-aminooxy, which confers optical specificity to the LC-MS approach. In addition, our protein carbonyl detection method allows us to localize individual carbonylation sites by observing fragments of derivatized oxidized peptides. Two model proteins, alpha-synuclein and beta-lactoglobulin, were oxidized and carbonylation sites were detected, resulting in the identification of respectively 34 and 77 different carbonylated amino acids. Thus, we demonstrated the application of a direct and sensitive method for studying protein carbonylation sites in complex protein extracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romain Ladouce
- Zora Fundation, Ruđera Boškovića 21, 21000, Split, Croatia
- Mediterranean Institute for Life Sciences (MedILS), Meštrovićevo šetalište 45, 21000, Split, Croatia
| | - Luke MacAleese
- Univ Lyon, CNRS, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 - Institut Lumière Matière (iLM), Lyon, France
| | - Karlo Wittine
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Rijeka, Radmile Matejčić 2, 51000, Rijeka, Croatia
- Selvita Ltd, Prilaz baruna Filipovića 29, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Mladen Merćep
- Zora Fundation, Ruđera Boškovića 21, 21000, Split, Croatia
- Mediterranean Institute for Life Sciences (MedILS), Meštrovićevo šetalište 45, 21000, Split, Croatia
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Rijeka, Radmile Matejčić 2, 51000, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Marion Girod
- Universite Claude Bernard Lyon 1, ISA UMR 5280, CNRS, 69100, Villeurbanne, France.
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61
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Garcia-Pardo J, Ventura S. Chemical targeting of amyloids. Nat Chem Biol 2023; 19:1176-1177. [PMID: 37495777 DOI: 10.1038/s41589-023-01394-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Javier Garcia-Pardo
- Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina (IBB) and Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Salvador Ventura
- Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina (IBB) and Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.
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62
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Gao C, Jiang J, Tan Y, Chen S. Microglia in neurodegenerative diseases: mechanism and potential therapeutic targets. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:359. [PMID: 37735487 PMCID: PMC10514343 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01588-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 60.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Microglia activation is observed in various neurodegenerative diseases. Recent advances in single-cell technologies have revealed that these reactive microglia were with high spatial and temporal heterogeneity. Some identified microglia in specific states correlate with pathological hallmarks and are associated with specific functions. Microglia both exert protective function by phagocytosing and clearing pathological protein aggregates and play detrimental roles due to excessive uptake of protein aggregates, which would lead to microglial phagocytic ability impairment, neuroinflammation, and eventually neurodegeneration. In addition, peripheral immune cells infiltration shapes microglia into a pro-inflammatory phenotype and accelerates disease progression. Microglia also act as a mobile vehicle to propagate protein aggregates. Extracellular vesicles released from microglia and autophagy impairment in microglia all contribute to pathological progression and neurodegeneration. Thus, enhancing microglial phagocytosis, reducing microglial-mediated neuroinflammation, inhibiting microglial exosome synthesis and secretion, and promoting microglial conversion into a protective phenotype are considered to be promising strategies for the therapy of neurodegenerative diseases. Here we comprehensively review the biology of microglia and the roles of microglia in neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, multiple system atrophy, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, frontotemporal dementia, progressive supranuclear palsy, corticobasal degeneration, dementia with Lewy bodies and Huntington's disease. We also summarize the possible microglia-targeted interventions and treatments against neurodegenerative diseases with preclinical and clinical evidence in cell experiments, animal studies, and clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Gao
- Department of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200025, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingwen Jiang
- Department of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200025, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuyan Tan
- Department of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200025, Shanghai, China.
| | - Shengdi Chen
- Department of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200025, Shanghai, China.
- Lab for Translational Research of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies (SIAIS), Shanghai Tech University, 201210, Shanghai, China.
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63
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Wang G, Zhu L, Wu X, Qian Z. Influence of Protonation on the Norepinephrine Inhibiting α-Synuclein 71-82 Oligomerization. J Phys Chem B 2023; 127:7848-7857. [PMID: 37683121 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.3c03270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
The pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD) is closely linked to the massive presence of Lewy vesicles and Lewy axons in the cytoplasm of neurons, mainly consisting of α-synuclein (αS). Norepinephrine (NE), whose secretion can be increased by exercise, has been demonstrated to prevent the fibrillation of αS and to break down the mature αS fibrils. In this work, we focus on the influence of protonation on the inhibitory ability of NE by using amyloid core fragment αS71-82 as a template. All-atom replica-exchange molecular dynamics simulations (accumulating to 33.6 μs) in explicit water were performed to explore the inhibitory effect of protonated and nonprotonated NE on αS oligomerization. Our results show that NE/NE+ can lead to a significant decrease in β-sheet content with increasing temperature, while isolated αS maintains relatively higher β-sheet conformations until 363 K, implying that both NE and NE+ can lower the critical temperature required for αS fibril decomposition. NE and NE+ also lead to the formation of less compact αS oligomers by preventing the backbone hydrogen bonds and the side-chain packing. The protonation would affect the binding affinity, interaction modes, and binding intensity of NE with αS. Interesting, NE and NE+ have a distinct binding free energy in the electrostatic and solvation terms, which mostly counter each other and produce a weak binding intensity with αS. Our work contributes to a better understanding of the inhibitory mechanism of NE and NE+ on αS oligomerization relevant to PD pathogenesis, which may provide clues for the design of antiamyloid medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Exercise and Health Sciences (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Frontiers Science Research Base of Exercise and Metabolic Health, and School of Exercise and Health, Shanghai University of Sport, 399 Changhai Road, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Lili Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Exercise and Health Sciences (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Frontiers Science Research Base of Exercise and Metabolic Health, and School of Exercise and Health, Shanghai University of Sport, 399 Changhai Road, Shanghai 200438, China
- Shang Xing School, 6 Shangli Road, Shenzhen 518100, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Wu
- Key Laboratory of Exercise and Health Sciences (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Frontiers Science Research Base of Exercise and Metabolic Health, and School of Exercise and Health, Shanghai University of Sport, 399 Changhai Road, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Zhenyu Qian
- Key Laboratory of Exercise and Health Sciences (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Frontiers Science Research Base of Exercise and Metabolic Health, and School of Exercise and Health, Shanghai University of Sport, 399 Changhai Road, Shanghai 200438, China
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64
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Cipriano A, Viviano M, Feoli A, Milite C, Sarno G, Castellano S, Sbardella G. NADPH Oxidases: From Molecular Mechanisms to Current Inhibitors. J Med Chem 2023; 66:11632-11655. [PMID: 37650225 PMCID: PMC10510401 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c00770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
NADPH oxidases (NOXs) form a family of electron-transporting membrane enzymes whose main function is reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. Strong evidence suggests that ROS produced by NOX enzymes are major contributors to oxidative damage under pathologic conditions. Therefore, blocking the undesirable actions of these enzymes is a therapeutic strategy for treating various pathological disorders, such as cardiovascular diseases, inflammation, and cancer. To date, identification of selective NOX inhibitors is quite challenging, precluding a pharmacologic demonstration of NOX as therapeutic targets in vivo. The aim of this Perspective is to furnish an updated outlook about the small-molecule NOX inhibitors described over the last two decades. Structures, activities, and in vitro/in vivo specificity are discussed, as well as the main biological assays used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Cipriano
- Department
of Pharmacy, Epigenetic Med Chem Lab, and PhD Program in Drug Discovery and
Development, University of Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II 132, I-84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - Monica Viviano
- Department
of Pharmacy, Epigenetic Med Chem Lab, and PhD Program in Drug Discovery and
Development, University of Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II 132, I-84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - Alessandra Feoli
- Department
of Pharmacy, Epigenetic Med Chem Lab, and PhD Program in Drug Discovery and
Development, University of Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II 132, I-84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - Ciro Milite
- Department
of Pharmacy, Epigenetic Med Chem Lab, and PhD Program in Drug Discovery and
Development, University of Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II 132, I-84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - Giuliana Sarno
- Department
of Pharmacy, Epigenetic Med Chem Lab, and PhD Program in Drug Discovery and
Development, University of Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II 132, I-84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - Sabrina Castellano
- Department
of Pharmacy, Epigenetic Med Chem Lab, and PhD Program in Drug Discovery and
Development, University of Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II 132, I-84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - Gianluca Sbardella
- Department
of Pharmacy, Epigenetic Med Chem Lab, and PhD Program in Drug Discovery and
Development, University of Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II 132, I-84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
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65
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Elnageeb ME, Elfaki I, Adam KM, Ahmed EM, Elkhalifa EM, Abuagla HA, Ahmed AAEM, Ali EW, Eltieb EI, Edris AM. In Silico Evaluation of the Potential Association of the Pathogenic Mutations of Alpha Synuclein Protein with Induction of Synucleinopathies. Diseases 2023; 11:115. [PMID: 37754311 PMCID: PMC10529770 DOI: 10.3390/diseases11030115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Alpha synuclein (α-Syn) is a neuronal protein encoded by the SNCA gene and is involved in the development of Parkinson's disease (PD). The objective of this study was to examine in silico the functional implications of non-synonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms (nsSNPs) in the SNCA gene. We used a range of computational algorithms such as sequence conservation, structural analysis, physicochemical properties, and machine learning. The sequence of the SNCA gene was analyzed, resulting in the mapping of 42,272 SNPs that are classified into different functional categories. A total of 177 nsSNPs were identified within the coding region; there were 20 variants that may influence the α-Syn protein structure and function. This identification was made by employing different analytical tools including SIFT, PolyPhen2, Mut-pred, SNAP2, PANTHER, PhD-SNP, SNP&Go, MUpro, Cosurf, I-Mut, and HOPE. Three mutations, V82A, K80E, and E46K, were selected for further examinations due to their spatial positioning within the α-Syn as determined by PyMol. Results indicated that these mutations may affect the stability and function of α-Syn. Then, a molecular dynamics simulation was conducted for the SNCA wildtype and the four mutant variants (p.A18G, p.V82A, p.K80E, and p.E46K). The simulation examined temperature, pressure, density, root-mean-square deviation (RMSD), root-mean-square fluctuation (RMSF), solvent-accessible surface area (SASA), and radius of gyration (Rg). The data indicate that the mutations p.V82A, p.K80E, and p.E46K reduce the stability and functionality of α-Syn. These findings highlight the importance of understanding the impact of nsSNPs on α-syn structure and function. Our results required verifications in further protein functional and case-control studies. After being verified these findings can be used in genetic testing for the early diagnosis of PD, the evaluation of the risk factors, and therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed E. Elnageeb
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Bisha, P.O. Box 551, Bisha 61922, Saudi Arabia
| | - Imadeldin Elfaki
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, P.O. Box 741, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid M. Adam
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Bisha, P.O. Box 551, Bisha 61922, Saudi Arabia
| | - Elsadig Mohamed Ahmed
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Bisha, P.O. Box 551, Bisha 61922, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medical Laboratory Sciences, University of El Imam El Mahdi, Kosti 27711, Sudan
| | - Elkhalifa M. Elkhalifa
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Nile Valley University, Atbara 46611, Sudan
| | - Hytham A. Abuagla
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Bisha, P.O. Box 551, Bisha 61922, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abubakr Ali Elamin Mohamed Ahmed
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Bisha, P.O. Box 551, Bisha 61922, Saudi Arabia
| | - Elshazali Widaa Ali
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Bisha, P.O. Box 551, Bisha 61922, Saudi Arabia
| | - Elmoiz Idris Eltieb
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Bisha, P.O. Box 551, Bisha 61922, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali M. Edris
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Bisha, P.O. Box 551, Bisha 61922, Saudi Arabia
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66
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Oliveri V. Unveiling the Effects of Copper Ions in the Aggregation of Amyloidogenic Proteins. Molecules 2023; 28:6446. [PMID: 37764220 PMCID: PMC10537474 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28186446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Amyloid diseases have become a global concern due to their increasing prevalence. Transition metals, including copper, can affect the aggregation of the pathological proteins involved in these diseases. Copper ions play vital roles in organisms, but the disruption of their homeostasis can negatively impact neuronal function and contribute to amyloid diseases with toxic protein aggregates, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, impaired cellular signaling, inflammation, and cell death. Gaining insight into the imbalance of copper ions and its impact on protein folding and aggregation is crucial for developing focused therapies. This review examines the influence of copper ions on significant amyloid proteins/peptides, offering a comprehensive overview of the current understanding in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Oliveri
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Catania, Viale A Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
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67
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Tan R, Hong R, Sui C, Yang D, Tian H, Zhu T, Yang Y. The role and potential therapeutic targets of astrocytes in central nervous system demyelinating diseases. Front Cell Neurosci 2023; 17:1233762. [PMID: 37720543 PMCID: PMC10502347 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2023.1233762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Astrocytes play vital roles in the central nervous system, contributing significantly to both its normal functioning and pathological conditions. While their involvement in various diseases is increasingly recognized, their exact role in demyelinating lesions remains uncertain. Astrocytes have the potential to influence demyelination positively or negatively. They can produce and release inflammatory molecules that modulate the activation and movement of other immune cells. Moreover, they can aid in the clearance of myelin debris through phagocytosis and facilitate the recruitment and differentiation of oligodendrocyte precursor cells, thereby promoting axonal remyelination. However, excessive or prolonged astrocyte phagocytosis can exacerbate demyelination and lead to neurological impairments. This review provides an overview of the involvement of astrocytes in various demyelinating diseases, emphasizing the underlying mechanisms that contribute to demyelination. Additionally, we discuss the interactions between oligodendrocytes, oligodendrocyte precursor cells and astrocytes as therapeutic options to support myelin regeneration. Furthermore, we explore the role of astrocytes in repairing synaptic dysfunction, which is also a crucial pathological process in these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Tan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Sixth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Rui Hong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Sixth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chunxiao Sui
- Department of Molecular Imaging and Nuclear Medicine, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer; Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer; Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China
| | - Dianxu Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Sixth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hengli Tian
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Sixth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Tao Zhu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Sixth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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68
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Brynildsen JK, Rajan K, Henderson MX, Bassett DS. Network models to enhance the translational impact of cross-species studies. Nat Rev Neurosci 2023; 24:575-588. [PMID: 37524935 PMCID: PMC10634203 DOI: 10.1038/s41583-023-00720-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
Neuroscience studies are often carried out in animal models for the purpose of understanding specific aspects of the human condition. However, the translation of findings across species remains a substantial challenge. Network science approaches can enhance the translational impact of cross-species studies by providing a means of mapping small-scale cellular processes identified in animal model studies to larger-scale inter-regional circuits observed in humans. In this Review, we highlight the contributions of network science approaches to the development of cross-species translational research in neuroscience. We lay the foundation for our discussion by exploring the objectives of cross-species translational models. We then discuss how the development of new tools that enable the acquisition of whole-brain data in animal models with cellular resolution provides unprecedented opportunity for cross-species applications of network science approaches for understanding large-scale brain networks. We describe how these tools may support the translation of findings across species and imaging modalities and highlight future opportunities. Our overarching goal is to illustrate how the application of network science tools across human and animal model studies could deepen insight into the neurobiology that underlies phenomena observed with non-invasive neuroimaging methods and could simultaneously further our ability to translate findings across species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia K Brynildsen
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kanaka Rajan
- Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- The Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Michael X Henderson
- Parkinson's Disease Center, Department of Neurodegenerative Science, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Dani S Bassett
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Department of Electrical & Systems Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Santa Fe Institute, Santa Fe, NM, USA.
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69
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Kawahata I, Sekimori T, Oizumi H, Takeda A, Fukunaga K. Using Fatty Acid-Binding Proteins as Potential Biomarkers to Discriminate between Parkinson's Disease and Dementia with Lewy Bodies: Exploration of a Novel Technique. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13267. [PMID: 37686075 PMCID: PMC10487513 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
An increase in the global aging population is leading to an increase in age-related conditions such as dementia and movement disorders, including Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB). The accurate prediction of risk factors associated with these disorders is crucial for early diagnosis and prevention. Biomarkers play a significant role in diagnosing and monitoring diseases. In neurodegenerative disorders like α-synucleinopathies, specific biomarkers can indicate the presence and progression of disease. We previously demonstrated the pathogenic impact of fatty acid-binding proteins (FABPs) in α-synucleinopathies. Therefore, this study investigated FABPs as potential biomarkers for Lewy body diseases. Plasma FABP levels were measured in patients with AD, PD, DLB, and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and healthy controls. Plasma FABP3 was increased in all groups, while the levels of FABP5 and FABP7 tended to decrease in the AD group. Additionally, FABP2 levels were elevated in PD. A correlation analysis showed that higher FABP3 levels were associated with decreased cognitive function. The plasma concentrations of Tau, GFAP, NF-L, and UCHL1 correlated with cognitive decline. A scoring method was applied to discriminate between diseases, demonstrating high accuracy in distinguishing MCI vs. CN, AD vs. DLB, PD vs. DLB, and AD vs. PD. The study suggests that FABPs could serve as potential biomarkers for Lewy body diseases and aid in early disease detection and differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ichiro Kawahata
- Department of CNS Drug Innovation, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan (K.F.)
| | - Tomoki Sekimori
- Department of CNS Drug Innovation, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan (K.F.)
| | - Hideki Oizumi
- Department of Neurology, National Hospital Organization Sendai Nishitaga Hospital, Sendai 982-0805, Japan (A.T.)
| | - Atsushi Takeda
- Department of Neurology, National Hospital Organization Sendai Nishitaga Hospital, Sendai 982-0805, Japan (A.T.)
| | - Kohji Fukunaga
- Department of CNS Drug Innovation, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan (K.F.)
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Jiménez-Jiménez FJ, Alonso-Navarro H, García-Martín E, Santos-García D, Martínez-Valbuena I, Agúndez JAG. Alpha-Synuclein in Peripheral Tissues as a Possible Marker for Neurological Diseases and Other Medical Conditions. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1263. [PMID: 37627328 PMCID: PMC10452242 DOI: 10.3390/biom13081263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The possible usefulness of alpha-synuclein (aSyn) determinations in peripheral tissues (blood cells, salivary gland biopsies, olfactory mucosa, digestive tract, skin) and in biological fluids, except for cerebrospinal fluid (serum, plasma, saliva, feces, urine), as a marker of several diseases, has been the subject of numerous publications. This narrative review summarizes data from studies trying to determine the role of total, oligomeric, and phosphorylated aSyn determinations as a marker of various diseases, especially PD and other alpha-synucleinopathies. In summary, the results of studies addressing the determinations of aSyn in its different forms in peripheral tissues (especially in platelets, skin, and digestive tract, but also salivary glands and olfactory mucosa), in combination with other potential biomarkers, could be a useful tool to discriminate PD from controls and from other causes of parkinsonisms, including synucleinopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Elena García-Martín
- Institute of Molecular Pathology Biomarkers, Universidad de Extremadura, 10071 Cáceres, Spain; (E.G.-M.); (J.A.G.A.)
| | - Diego Santos-García
- Department of Neurology, CHUAC—Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña, 15006 A Coruña, Spain;
| | - Iván Martínez-Valbuena
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 2S8, Canada;
| | - José A. G. Agúndez
- Institute of Molecular Pathology Biomarkers, Universidad de Extremadura, 10071 Cáceres, Spain; (E.G.-M.); (J.A.G.A.)
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71
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Dogaru BG, Munteanu C. The Role of Hydrogen Sulfide (H 2S) in Epigenetic Regulation of Neurodegenerative Diseases: A Systematic Review. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12555. [PMID: 37628735 PMCID: PMC10454626 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241612555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
This review explores the emerging role of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) in modulating epigenetic mechanisms involved in neurodegenerative diseases. Accumulating evidence has begun to elucidate the multifaceted ways in which H2S influences the epigenetic landscape and, subsequently, the progression of various neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and Huntington's disease. H2S can modulate key components of the epigenetic machinery, such as DNA methylation, histone modifications, and non-coding RNAs, impacting gene expression and cellular functions relevant to neuronal survival, inflammation, and synaptic plasticity. We synthesize recent research that positions H2S as an essential player within this intricate network, with the potential to open new therapeutic avenues for these currently incurable conditions. Despite significant progress, there remains a considerable gap in our understanding of the precise molecular mechanisms and the potential therapeutic implications of modulating H2S levels or its downstream targets. We conclude by identifying future directions for research aimed at exploiting the therapeutic potential of H2S in neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bombonica Gabriela Dogaru
- Faculty of Medicine, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
- Clinical Rehabilitation Hospital, 400437 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Constantin Munteanu
- Teaching Emergency Hospital “Bagdasar-Arseni” (TEHBA), 041915 Bucharest, Romania
- Faculty of Medical Bioengineering, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa” Iași, 700454 Iași, Romania
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72
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Arar S, Haque MA, Kayed R. Protein aggregation and neurodegenerative disease: Structural outlook for the novel therapeutics. Proteins 2023:10.1002/prot.26561. [PMID: 37530227 PMCID: PMC10834863 DOI: 10.1002/prot.26561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
Before the controversial approval of humanized monoclonal antibody lecanemab, which binds to the soluble amyloid-β protofibrils, all the treatments available earlier, for Alzheimer's disease (AD) were symptomatic. The researchers are still struggling to find a breakthrough in AD therapeutic medicine, which is partially attributable to lack in understanding of the structural information associated with the intrinsically disordered proteins and amyloids. One of the major challenges in this area of research is to understand the structural diversity of intrinsically disordered proteins under in vitro conditions. Therefore, in this review, we have summarized the in vitro applications of biophysical methods, which are aimed to shed some light on the heterogeneity, pathogenicity, structures and mechanisms of the intrinsically disordered protein aggregates associated with proteinopathies including AD. This review will also rationalize some of the strategies in modulating disease-relevant pathogenic protein entities by small molecules using structural biology approaches and biophysical characterization. We have also highlighted tools and techniques to simulate the in vivo conditions for native and cytotoxic tau/amyloids assemblies, urge new chemical approaches to replicate tau/amyloids assemblies similar to those in vivo conditions, in addition to designing novel potential drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharif Arar
- Mitchell Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases
- Departments of Neurology, Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, 77555, USA
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
| | - Md Anzarul Haque
- Mitchell Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases
- Departments of Neurology, Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, 77555, USA
| | - Rakez Kayed
- Mitchell Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases
- Departments of Neurology, Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, 77555, USA
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73
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Siwecka N, Saramowicz K, Galita G, Rozpędek-Kamińska W, Majsterek I. Inhibition of Protein Aggregation and Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress as a Targeted Therapy for α-Synucleinopathy. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2051. [PMID: 37631265 PMCID: PMC10459316 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15082051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
α-synuclein (α-syn) is an intrinsically disordered protein abundant in the central nervous system. Physiologically, the protein regulates vesicle trafficking and neurotransmitter release in the presynaptic terminals. Pathologies related to misfolding and aggregation of α-syn are referred to as α-synucleinopathies, and they constitute a frequent cause of neurodegeneration. The most common α-synucleinopathy, Parkinson's disease (PD), is caused by abnormal accumulation of α-syn in the dopaminergic neurons of the midbrain. This results in protein overload, activation of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and, ultimately, neural cell apoptosis and neurodegeneration. To date, the available treatment options for PD are only symptomatic and rely on dopamine replacement therapy or palliative surgery. As the prevalence of PD has skyrocketed in recent years, there is a pending issue for development of new disease-modifying strategies. These include anti-aggregative agents that target α-syn directly (gene therapy, small molecules and immunization), indirectly (modulators of ER stress, oxidative stress and clearance pathways) or combine both actions (natural compounds). Herein, we provide an overview on the characteristic features of the structure and pathogenic mechanisms of α-syn that could be targeted with novel molecular-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Ireneusz Majsterek
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, 92-215 Lodz, Poland; (N.S.); (K.S.); (G.G.); (W.R.-K.)
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Raheel K, Deegan G, Di Giulio I, Cash D, Ilic K, Gnoni V, Chaudhuri KR, Drakatos P, Moran R, Rosenzweig I. Sex differences in alpha-synucleinopathies: a systematic review. Front Neurol 2023; 14:1204104. [PMID: 37545736 PMCID: PMC10398394 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1204104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Past research indicates a higher prevalence, incidence, and severe clinical manifestations of alpha-synucleinopathies in men, leading to a suggestion of neuroprotective properties of female sex hormones (especially estrogen). The potential pathomechanisms of any such effect on alpha-synucleinopathies, however, are far from understood. With that aim, we undertook to systematically review, and to critically assess, contemporary evidence on sex and gender differences in alpha-synucleinopathies using a bench-to-bedside approach. Methods In this systematic review, studies investigating sex and gender differences in alpha-synucleinopathies (Rapid Eye Movement (REM) Behavior Disorder (RBD), Parkinson's Disease (PD), Dementia with Lewy Bodies (DLB), Multiple System Atrophy (MSA)) from 2012 to 2022 were identified using electronic database searches of PubMed, Embase and Ovid. Results One hundred sixty-two studies were included; 5 RBD, 6 MSA, 20 DLB and 131 PD studies. Overall, there is conclusive evidence to suggest sex-and gender-specific manifestation in demographics, biomarkers, genetics, clinical features, interventions, and quality of life in alpha-synucleinopathies. Only limited data exists on the effects of distinct sex hormones, with majority of studies concentrating on estrogen and its speculated neuroprotective effects. Conclusion Future studies disentangling the underlying sex-specific mechanisms of alpha-synucleinopathies are urgently needed in order to enable novel sex-specific therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kausar Raheel
- Sleep and Brain Plasticity Centre, Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience (IoPPN), King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Gemma Deegan
- Sleep and Brain Plasticity Centre, Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience (IoPPN), King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
- BRAIN, Imaging Centre, CNS, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Irene Di Giulio
- Sleep and Brain Plasticity Centre, Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience (IoPPN), King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
- School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, Faculty of Life Science and Medicine, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Diana Cash
- Sleep and Brain Plasticity Centre, Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience (IoPPN), King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
- BRAIN, Imaging Centre, CNS, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience (IoPPN), King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Katarina Ilic
- Sleep and Brain Plasticity Centre, Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience (IoPPN), King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
- BRAIN, Imaging Centre, CNS, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience (IoPPN), King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Valentina Gnoni
- Sleep and Brain Plasticity Centre, Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience (IoPPN), King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
- Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases and the Aging Brain, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Lecce, Italy
| | - K. Ray Chaudhuri
- Movement Disorders Unit, King’s College Hospital and Department of Clinical and Basic Neurosciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience and Parkinson Foundation Centre of Excellence, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Panagis Drakatos
- School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, Faculty of Life Science and Medicine, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
- Sleep Disorders Centre, Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rosalyn Moran
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience (IoPPN), King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ivana Rosenzweig
- Sleep and Brain Plasticity Centre, Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience (IoPPN), King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
- Sleep Disorders Centre, Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
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Caridade-Silva R, Araújo B, Martins-Macedo J, Teixeira FG. N-Acetylcysteine Treatment May Compensate Motor Impairments through Dopaminergic Transmission Modulation in a Striatal 6-Hydroxydopamine Parkinson's Disease Rat Model. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1257. [PMID: 37371987 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12061257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Preventing degeneration and the loss of dopaminergic neurons (DAn) in the brain while mitigating motor symptoms remains a challenge in Parkinson's Disease (PD) treatment development. In light of this, developing or repositioning potential disease-modifying approaches is imperative to achieve meaningful translational gains in PD research. Under this concept, N-acetylcysteine (NAC) has revealed promising perspectives in preserving the dopaminergic system capability and modulating PD mechanisms. Although NAC has been shown to act as an antioxidant and (neuro)protector of the brain, it has yet to be acknowledged how this repurposed drug can improve motor symptomatology and provide disease-modifying properties in PD. Therefore, in the present work, we assessed the impact of NAC on motor and histological deficits in a striatal 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) rat model of PD. The results revealed that NAC enhanced DAn viability, as we found that it could restore dopamine transporter (DAT) levels compared to the untreated 6-OHDA group. Such findings were positively correlated with a significant amelioration in the motor outcomes of the 6-OHDA-treated animals, demonstrating that NAC may, somehow, be a modulator of PD degenerative mechanisms. Overall, we postulated a proof-of-concept milestone concerning the therapeutic application of NAC. Nevertheless, it is extremely important to understand the complexity of this drug and how its therapeutical properties interact with the cellular and molecular PD mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Caridade-Silva
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4710-057/4805-017 Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
- I3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Center for Translational Health and Medical Biotechnology Research, School of Health, Polytechnic University of Porto, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Bruna Araújo
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4710-057/4805-017 Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
- I3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Center for Translational Health and Medical Biotechnology Research, School of Health, Polytechnic University of Porto, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Joana Martins-Macedo
- I3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Center for Translational Health and Medical Biotechnology Research, School of Health, Polytechnic University of Porto, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Fábio G Teixeira
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4710-057/4805-017 Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
- I3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Center for Translational Health and Medical Biotechnology Research, School of Health, Polytechnic University of Porto, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
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Brembati V, Faustini G, Longhena F, Bellucci A. Alpha synuclein post translational modifications: potential targets for Parkinson's disease therapy? Front Mol Neurosci 2023; 16:1197853. [PMID: 37305556 PMCID: PMC10248004 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2023.1197853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the most common neurodegenerative disorder with motor symptoms. The neuropathological alterations characterizing the brain of patients with PD include the loss of dopaminergic neurons of the nigrostriatal system and the presence of Lewy bodies (LB), intraneuronal inclusions that are mainly composed of alpha-synuclein (α-Syn) fibrils. The accumulation of α-Syn in insoluble aggregates is a main neuropathological feature in PD and in other neurodegenerative diseases, including LB dementia (LBD) and multiple system atrophy (MSA), which are therefore defined as synucleinopathies. Compelling evidence supports that α-Syn post translational modifications (PTMs) such as phosphorylation, nitration, acetylation, O-GlcNAcylation, glycation, SUMOylation, ubiquitination and C-terminal cleavage, play important roles in the modulation α-Syn aggregation, solubility, turnover and membrane binding. In particular, PTMs can impact on α-Syn conformational state, thus supporting that their modulation can in turn affect α-Syn aggregation and its ability to seed further soluble α-Syn fibrillation. This review focuses on the importance of α-Syn PTMs in PD pathophysiology but also aims at highlighting their general relevance as possible biomarkers and, more importantly, as innovative therapeutic targets for synucleinopathies. In addition, we call attention to the multiple challenges that we still need to face to enable the development of novel therapeutic approaches modulating α-Syn PTMs.
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Adam H, Gopinath SCB, Md Arshad MK, Adam T, Parmin NA, Husein I, Hashim U. An update on pathogenesis and clinical scenario for Parkinson's disease: diagnosis and treatment. 3 Biotech 2023; 13:142. [PMID: 37124989 PMCID: PMC10134733 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-023-03553-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
In severe cases, Parkinson's disease causes uncontrolled movements known as motor symptoms such as dystonia, rigidity, bradykinesia, and tremors. Parkinson's disease also causes non-motor symptoms such as insomnia, constipation, depression and hysteria. Disruption of dopaminergic and non-dopaminergic neural networks in the substantia nigra pars compacta is a major cause of motor symptoms in Parkinson's disease. Furthermore, due to the difficulty of clinical diagnosis of Parkinson's disease, it is often misdiagnosed, highlighting the need for better methods of detection. Treatment of Parkinson's disease is also complicated due to the difficulties of medications passing across the blood-brain barrier. Moreover, the conventional methods fail to solve the aforementioned issues. As a result, new methods are needed to detect and treat Parkinson's disease. Improved diagnosis and treatment of Parkinson's disease can help avoid some of its devastating symptoms. This review explores how nanotechnology platforms, such as nanobiosensors and nanomedicine, have improved Parkinson's disease detection and treatment. Nanobiosensors integrate science and engineering principles to detect Parkinson's disease. The main advantages are their low cost, portability, and quick and precise analysis. Moreover, nanotechnology can transport medications in the form of nanoparticles across the blood-brain barrier. However, because nanobiosensors are a novel technology, their use in biological systems is limited. Nanobiosensors have the potential to disrupt cell metabolism and homeostasis, changing cellular molecular profiles and making it difficult to distinguish sensor-induced artifacts from fundamental biological phenomena. In the treatment of Parkinson's disease, nanoparticles, on the other hand, produce neurotoxicity, which is a challenge in the treatment of Parkinson's disease. Techniques must be developed to distinguish sensor-induced artifacts from fundamental biological phenomena and to reduce the neurotoxicity caused by nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hussaini Adam
- Institute of Nano Electronic Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Kangar, 01000 Perlis, Malaysia
| | - Subash C. B. Gopinath
- Institute of Nano Electronic Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Kangar, 01000 Perlis, Malaysia
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering & Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Arau, 02600 Perlis, Malaysia
- Micro System Technology, Centre of Excellence (CoE), Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Pauh Campus, Arau, 02600 Perlis, Malaysia
| | - M. K. Md Arshad
- Institute of Nano Electronic Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Kangar, 01000 Perlis, Malaysia
- Faculty of Electronic Engineering & Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Pauh Campus, Arau, 02600 Perlis, Malaysia
| | - Tijjani Adam
- Institute of Nano Electronic Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Kangar, 01000 Perlis, Malaysia
- Micro System Technology, Centre of Excellence (CoE), Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Pauh Campus, Arau, 02600 Perlis, Malaysia
- Faculty of Electronic Engineering & Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Pauh Campus, Arau, 02600 Perlis, Malaysia
| | - N. A. Parmin
- Institute of Nano Electronic Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Kangar, 01000 Perlis, Malaysia
| | - Irzaman Husein
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, IPB University, Bogor-Indonesia, Indonesia
| | - Uda Hashim
- Institute of Nano Electronic Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Kangar, 01000 Perlis, Malaysia
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Khalifa J, Bourgault S, Gaudreault R. Interactions of Polyphenolic Gallotannins with Amyloidogenic Polypeptides Associated with Alzheimer's Disease: From Molecular Insights to Physiological Significance. Curr Alzheimer Res 2023; 20:603-617. [PMID: 38270140 DOI: 10.2174/0115672050277001231213073043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Polyphenols are natural compounds abundantly found in plants. They are known for their numerous benefits to human health, including antioxidant properties and anti-inflammatory activities. Interestingly, many studies have revealed that polyphenols can also modulate the formation of amyloid fibrils associated with disease states and can prevent the formation of cytotoxic oligomer species. In this review, we underline the numerous effects of four hydrolysable gallotannins (HGTs) with high conformational flexibility, low toxicity, and multi-targeticity, e.g., tannic acid, pentagalloyl glucose, corilagin, and 1,3,6-tri-O-galloyl-β-D-glucose, on the aggregation of amyloidogenic proteins associated with the Alzheimer's Disease (AD). These HGTs have demonstrated interesting abilities to reduce, at different levels, the formation of amyloid fibrils involved in AD, including those assembled from the amyloid β-peptide, the tubulin-associated unit, and the islet amyloid polypeptide. HGTs were also shown to disassemble pre-formed fibrils and to diminish cognitive decline in mice. Finally, this manuscript highlights the importance of further investigating these naturally occurring HGTs as promising scaffolds to design molecules that can interfere with the formation of proteotoxic oligomers and aggregates associated with AD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihane Khalifa
- Département de Chimie, Université du Québec à Montréal, 2101 Rue Jeanne-Mance, Montréal, QC, H2X 2J6, Canada
- Quebec Network for Research on Protein Function, Engineering and Applications, PROTEO, Canada
- Quebec Centre for Advanced Materials (QCAM), 3420 University Street, Montréal, QC, H2X 3Y7, Canada
| | - Steve Bourgault
- Département de Chimie, Université du Québec à Montréal, 2101 Rue Jeanne-Mance, Montréal, QC, H2X 2J6, Canada
- Quebec Network for Research on Protein Function, Engineering and Applications, PROTEO, Canada
| | - Roger Gaudreault
- Département de Chimie, Université du Québec à Montréal, 2101 Rue Jeanne-Mance, Montréal, QC, H2X 2J6, Canada
- Quebec Centre for Advanced Materials (QCAM), 3420 University Street, Montréal, QC, H2X 3Y7, Canada
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