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Zhang J, Feng M, Kong L. The Therapeutic Potential of Melatonin in Alzheimer's Disease: A Comprehensive Review. Curr Med Chem 2024:CMC-EPUB-139444. [PMID: 38561619 DOI: 10.2174/0109298673286807240326085736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia, afflicting over 5 million people in the United States. There remains a lack of effective disease-- modifying treatments for AD beyond a few approved drugs that provide temporary symptomatic relief. Melatonin is an endogenous hormone mainly produced by the pineal gland that regulates circadian rhythms and possesses antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. An expansive body of research over the past few decades has investigated melatonin as a promising therapeutic agent for AD based on its ability to target multiple pathophysiological processes implicated in AD progression. In this comprehensive review, we summarize extensive evidence from cellular and animal models that has uncovered the diverse mechanisms underpinning melatonin's neuroprotective efficacy against AD pathology. We also synthesize clinical studies examining melatonin's effects on AD progression and symptoms. Additionally, we discuss how melatonin's multimodal mechanisms, favorable safety profile, and ability to synergize with conventional therapies heighten its potential as an effective therapeutic strategy for AD. Rigorously designed clinical trials incorporating physiological biomarkers are warranted to definitively establish melatonin's disease-modifying effects. Nevertheless, the considerable preclinical data support further exploration of melatonin as a therapeutic agent for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialang Zhang
- Department of Spine Surgery, Xi'an Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Mingzhe Feng
- Department of Spine Surgery, Xi'an Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Lingbo Kong
- Department of Spine Surgery, Xi'an Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
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Davidson R, Krider RI, Borsellino P, Noorda K, Alhwayek G, Vida TA. Untangling Tau: Molecular Insights into Neuroinflammation, Pathophysiology, and Emerging Immunotherapies. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45:8816-8839. [PMID: 37998730 PMCID: PMC10670294 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45110553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation, a core pathological feature observed in several neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD), is rapidly gaining attention as a target in understanding the molecular underpinnings of these disorders. Glial cells, endothelial cells, peripheral immune cells, and astrocytes produce a variety of pro-inflammatory mediators that exacerbate the disease progression. Additionally, microglial cells play a complex role in AD, facilitating the clearance of pathological amyloid-beta peptide (Aβ) plaques and aggregates of the tau protein. Tau proteins, traditionally associated with microtubule stabilization, have come under intense scrutiny for their perturbed roles in neurodegenerative conditions. In this narrative review, we focus on recent advances from molecular insights that have revealed aberrant tau post-translational modifications, such as phosphorylation and acetylation, serving as pathological hallmarks. These modifications also trigger the activation of CNS-resident immune cells, such as microglia and astrocytes substantially contributing to neuroinflammation. This intricate relationship between tau pathologies and neuroinflammation fosters a cascading impact on neural pathophysiology. Furthermore, understanding the molecular mechanisms underpinning tau's influence on neuroinflammation presents a frontier for the development of innovative immunotherapies. Neurodegenerative diseases have been relatively intractable to conventional pharmacology using small molecules. We further comprehensively document the many alternative approaches using immunotherapy targeting tau pathological epitopes and structures with a wide array of antibodies. Clinical trials are discussed using these therapeutic approaches, which have both promising and disappointing outcomes. Future directions for tau immunotherapies may include combining treatments with Aβ immunotherapy, which may result in more significant clinical outcomes for neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Thomas A. Vida
- Kirk Kerkorian School of Medicine at UNLV, 625 Shadow Lane, Las Vegas, NV 89106, USA; (R.D.); (R.I.K.); (P.B.); (K.N.); (G.A.)
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Khalifa J, Bourgault S, Gaudreault R. Interactions of Polyphenolic Gallotannins with Amyloidogenic Polypeptides Associated with Alzheimer's Disease: From Molecular Insights to Physiological Significance. Curr Alzheimer Res 2023; 20:603-617. [PMID: 38270140 DOI: 10.2174/0115672050277001231213073043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Polyphenols are natural compounds abundantly found in plants. They are known for their numerous benefits to human health, including antioxidant properties and anti-inflammatory activities. Interestingly, many studies have revealed that polyphenols can also modulate the formation of amyloid fibrils associated with disease states and can prevent the formation of cytotoxic oligomer species. In this review, we underline the numerous effects of four hydrolysable gallotannins (HGTs) with high conformational flexibility, low toxicity, and multi-targeticity, e.g., tannic acid, pentagalloyl glucose, corilagin, and 1,3,6-tri-O-galloyl-β-D-glucose, on the aggregation of amyloidogenic proteins associated with the Alzheimer's Disease (AD). These HGTs have demonstrated interesting abilities to reduce, at different levels, the formation of amyloid fibrils involved in AD, including those assembled from the amyloid β-peptide, the tubulin-associated unit, and the islet amyloid polypeptide. HGTs were also shown to disassemble pre-formed fibrils and to diminish cognitive decline in mice. Finally, this manuscript highlights the importance of further investigating these naturally occurring HGTs as promising scaffolds to design molecules that can interfere with the formation of proteotoxic oligomers and aggregates associated with AD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihane Khalifa
- Département de Chimie, Université du Québec à Montréal, 2101 Rue Jeanne-Mance, Montréal, QC, H2X 2J6, Canada
- Quebec Network for Research on Protein Function, Engineering and Applications, PROTEO, Canada
- Quebec Centre for Advanced Materials (QCAM), 3420 University Street, Montréal, QC, H2X 3Y7, Canada
| | - Steve Bourgault
- Département de Chimie, Université du Québec à Montréal, 2101 Rue Jeanne-Mance, Montréal, QC, H2X 2J6, Canada
- Quebec Network for Research on Protein Function, Engineering and Applications, PROTEO, Canada
| | - Roger Gaudreault
- Département de Chimie, Université du Québec à Montréal, 2101 Rue Jeanne-Mance, Montréal, QC, H2X 2J6, Canada
- Quebec Centre for Advanced Materials (QCAM), 3420 University Street, Montréal, QC, H2X 3Y7, Canada
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Althobaiti NA, Menaa F, Dalzell JJ, Albalawi AE, Ismail H, Alghuthaymi MA, Aldawsari RD, Iqbal H, McAlinney C, Green BD. Ethnomedicinal Plants with Protective Effects against Beta-Amyloid Peptide (Aβ)1-42 Indicate Therapeutic Potential in a New In Vivo Model of Alzheimer's Disease. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11. [PMID: 36290588 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11101865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder with unmet medical need. This investigation consisted of testing a range of ethanolic ethnomedicinal plant extracts (n = 18) traditionally used in the treatment of disorders such as anxiety, delirium, and memory loss. They were then screened for in vitro inhibitory activity against acetylcholinesterase (AChE), butylcholinesterase (BuChE), beta-secretase 1/beta-site amyloid precursor protein (APP) cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1), and antioxidant activities. Plants with potent activities were further characterised using a recently developed in vivo model of AD, Globodera pallida. The ability of phytoextracts to protect this organism against amyloid-beta Aβ (1-42) exposure was assessed by measuring chemosensing, survival rate, production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and antioxidant responses. Extracts (n = 5) from Juglans regia (leaves), Ellettaria cardamomum (seeds), Cinnamomum zeylanicum (bark), Salvia officinalis (leaves/flowers), and Hypericum perforatum (flowers) exerted concentration-dependent inhibitory activities against AChE and BuChE. Three of these plant extracts (i.e., J. regia, E. cardamomum, and S. officinalis) possessed strong concentration-dependent inhibitory activity against BACE1. Furthermore, the five selected medicinal plant extracts not only enhanced significantly (p < 0.05) the nematode’s chemosensing, survival rate, and antioxidant responses (i.e., anti-ROS production, mitochondrial reductase activity, oxidized glutathione (GSSG) to reduced glutathione (GSH) ratio), but also greatly restored (p < 0.05) in a concentration-dependent manner the Aβ (1-42)-induced deleterious changes in these same parameters. In brief, this investigation highlights plant extracts with strong anti-AD activities which could be trialled as novel therapeutic supplements or undergo further biodiscovery research.
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Lyu Z, Li Q, Yu Z, Chan Y, Fu L, Li Y, Zhang C. Yi-Zhi-Fang-Dai Formula Exerts Neuroprotective Effects Against Pyroptosis and Blood-Brain Barrier-Glymphatic Dysfunctions to Prevent Amyloid-Beta Acute Accumulation After Cerebral Ischemia and Reperfusion in Rats. Front Pharmacol 2022; 12:791059. [PMID: 34975487 PMCID: PMC8714930 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.791059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The dysfunctional blood–brain barrier (BBB)–glymphatic system is responsible for triggering intracerebral amyloid-beta peptide (Aβ) accumulation and acts as the key link between ischemic stroke and dementia dominated by Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Recently, pyroptosis in cerebral ischemia and reperfusion (I/R) injury is demonstrated as a considerable mechanism causing BBB–glymphatic dysfunctions and Aβ acute accumulation in the brain. Targeting glial pyroptosis to protect BBB–glymphatic functions after cerebral I/R could offer a new viewpoint to prevent Aβ accumulation and poststroke dementia. Yi-Zhi-Fang-Dai formula (YZFDF) is an herbal prescription used to cure dementia with multiple effects of regulating inflammatory responses and protecting the BBB against toxic Aβ-induced damage. Hence, YZFDF potentially possesses neuroprotective effects against cerebral I/R injury and the early pathology of poststroke dementia, which evokes our current study. Objectives: The present study was designed to confirm the potential efficacy of YZFDF against cerebral I/R injury and explore the possible mechanism associated with alleviating Aβ acute accumulation. Methods: The models of cerebral I/R injury in rats were built by the method of middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion (MCAO/R). First, neurological function assessment and cerebral infarct measurement were used for confirming the efficacy of YZFDF on cerebral I/R injury, and the optimal dosage (YZFDF-H) was selected to conduct the experiments, which included Western blotting detections of pyroptosis, Aβ1-42 oligomers, and NeuN, immunofluorescence observations of glial pyroptosis, aquaporin-4 (AQP-4), and Aβ locations, brain water content measurement, SMI 71 (a specific marker for BBB)/AQP-4 immunohistochemistry, and Nissl staining to further evaluate BBB–glymphatic functions and neuronal damage. Results: YZFDF obviously alleviated neurological deficits and cerebral infarct after cerebral I/R in rats. Furthermore, YZFDF could inactivate pyroptosis signaling via inhibiting caspase-1/11 activation and gasdermin D cleavage, ameliorate glial pyroptosis and neuroinflammation, protect against BBB collapse and AQP-4 depolarization, prevent Aβ acute accumulation and Aβ1-42 oligomers formation, and reduce neuronal damage and increase neurons survival after reperfusion. Conclusion: Our study indicated that YZFDF could exert neuroprotective effects on cerebral I/R injury and prevent Aβ acute accumulation in the brain after cerebral I/R associated with inhibiting neuroinflammation-related pyroptosis and BBB–glymphatic dysfunctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongkuan Lyu
- Geriatrics Department of Chinese Medicine, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiyue Li
- Geriatrics Department of Chinese Medicine, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhonghai Yu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuanjin Chan
- Geriatrics Department of Chinese Medicine, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Fu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Clinical Geriatric Medicine, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yaming Li
- Geriatrics Department of Chinese Medicine, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chunyan Zhang
- International Medical Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Haikou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Haikou, China
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Peng HB, de Lannoy IAM, Pang KS. Measuring Amyloid-β Peptide Concentrations in Murine Brain with Improved ELISA Assay. Curr Protoc 2021; 1:e253. [PMID: 34661993 DOI: 10.1002/cpz1.253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The amyloid-β (Aβ) peptides of 40 and 42 amino acids that are implicated in Alzheimer's disease may potentially aggregate into toxic oligomers and form neuritic plaques. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is a facile method used for the determination of Aβ concentrations in biological matrices, namely plasma, cerebrospinal fluid, and brain. The method is mostly used for the measurement of Aβ concentrations in transgenic mice, but it is unknown whether the ELISA method is suitable for measuring low, endogenous levels of Aβ in the brains of wild-type mice. The Aβ ELISA kit manufacturer recommends use of 5 M guanidine hydrochloride (GuHCl), a protein-denaturing agent, for homogenization of the brain tissue, followed by dilution back down to 0.1 M to avoid quenching by GuHCl. Components of brain matrices and GuHCl that could interfere with the quantitation have not been investigated. In this article, we describe an improved method involving homogenization of mouse brain with 1 M instead of 5 M GuHCl, reducing the dilution factor by 5× to provide a higher sensitivity. The modified ELISA assay is improved for the quantitation of brain Aβ peptides in wild-type mice, where Aβ peptide levels are much lower than those in transgenic mouse models. © 2021 Wiley Periodicals LLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Benson Peng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - K Sandy Pang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Abdulkadir TS, Dawud FA, Isa AS, Ayo JO. Taurine and Camel Milk Modulate Neurobehavioral and Biochemical Changes in Aluminum Chloride-Induced Alzheimer's Disease in Rats. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 84:291-302. [PMID: 34542066 DOI: 10.3233/jad-210130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease associated with deficiency in motor coordination, cognitive impairment, and excessive reactive oxygen species production in the brain. OBJECTIVE The study evaluated effects of taurine and camel milk (CM) on neurobehavior, amyloid-beta peptide 1-42 (Aβ) expression, acetylcholinesterase, and superoxide dismutase activities in aluminum chloride (AlCl3) model of Alzheimer's disease in rats. METHODS Thirty-five female Wistar rats were divided into seven groups (n = 5): Normal saline (0.2 mL/kg body weight); AlCl3 (100 mg/kg) (AD); CM (33 mL/kg); Taurine (50 mg/kg); AlCl3 (100 mg/kg) + CM (33 mL/kg); AlCl3 (100 mg/kg) + Taurine (50 mg/kg); and AlCl3 (100 mg/kg) + CM (33 mL/kg) + Taurine (50 mg/kg). The administration lasted for eight weeks via oral gavage. After the eighth week, neurobehavior assessments were performed. Rats were sacrificed, and brain and blood samples collected for analysis. RESULTS There was a significant (p < 0.0001) increase in the duration of motor endurance in AD + CM rats, compared to AD rats. Duration of forced swimming time was lowest (p < 0.0001) in AlCl3 + Taurine rats, compared to that of AD rats. Concentration of Aβ peptide decreased (p < 0.05) in AD rats, treated with CM and/or combination. In taurine-treated rats, superoxide dismutase activity was significantly (p < 0.05) higher than in AD rats. Treatment with taurine + CM increased (p < 0.05) acetylcholinesterase activity compared to controls. CONCLUSION Taurine and CM enhanced cognition and sensorimotor activity by decreasing Aβ peptide concentration and increasing superoxide dismutase and acetylcholinesterase activities in AD rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teslim S Abdulkadir
- Department of Human Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - Fatima A Dawud
- Department of Human Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - Ahmed Sherif Isa
- Department of Human Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - Joseph O Ayo
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
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Martin L, Bouvet P, Chounlamountri N, Watrin C, Besançon R, Pinatel D, Meyronet D, Honnorat J, Buisson A, Salin PA, Meissirel C. VEGF counteracts amyloid-β-induced synaptic dysfunction. Cell Rep 2021; 35:109121. [PMID: 33979625 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) pathway regulates key processes in synapse function, which are disrupted in early stages of Alzheimer's disease (AD) by toxic-soluble amyloid-beta oligomers (Aβo). Here, we show that VEGF accumulates in and around Aβ plaques in postmortem brains of patients with AD and in APP/PS1 mice, an AD mouse model. We uncover specific binding domains involved in direct interaction between Aβo and VEGF and reveal that this interaction jeopardizes VEGFR2 activation in neurons. Notably, we demonstrate that VEGF gain of function rescues basal synaptic transmission, long-term potentiation (LTP), and dendritic spine alterations, and blocks long-term depression (LTD) facilitation triggered by Aβo. We further decipher underlying mechanisms and find that VEGF inhibits the caspase-3-calcineurin pathway responsible for postsynaptic glutamate receptor loss due to Aβo. These findings provide evidence for alterations of the VEGF pathway in AD models and suggest that restoring VEGF action on neurons may rescue synaptic dysfunction in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Martin
- Institut NeuroMyoGène (INMG), Synaptopathies and Autoantibodies, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1217, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR5310, 69000 Lyon, France; Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69000 Lyon, France
| | - Pauline Bouvet
- Institut NeuroMyoGène (INMG), Synaptopathies and Autoantibodies, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1217, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR5310, 69000 Lyon, France; Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69000 Lyon, France
| | - Naura Chounlamountri
- Institut NeuroMyoGène (INMG), Synaptopathies and Autoantibodies, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1217, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR5310, 69000 Lyon, France; Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69000 Lyon, France
| | - Chantal Watrin
- Institut NeuroMyoGène (INMG), Synaptopathies and Autoantibodies, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1217, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR5310, 69000 Lyon, France; Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69000 Lyon, France
| | - Roger Besançon
- Institut NeuroMyoGène (INMG), Synaptopathies and Autoantibodies, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1217, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR5310, 69000 Lyon, France; Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69000 Lyon, France
| | - Delphine Pinatel
- Institut NeuroMyoGène (INMG), Synaptopathies and Autoantibodies, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1217, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR5310, 69000 Lyon, France; Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69000 Lyon, France
| | - David Meyronet
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69000 Lyon, France; Cancer Research Center of Lyon, Cancer Cell Plasticity, INSERM U1052, CNRS UMR5286, 69000 Lyon, France; Centre de Pathologie et de Neuropathologie Est, Hospices Civils de Lyon 69000 Lyon, France
| | - Jérôme Honnorat
- Institut NeuroMyoGène (INMG), Synaptopathies and Autoantibodies, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1217, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR5310, 69000 Lyon, France; Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69000 Lyon, France
| | - Alain Buisson
- GIN, INSERM U1216, Université Grenoble Alpes, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Paul-Antoine Salin
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69000 Lyon, France; Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, Forgetting processes and cortical dynamics, INSERM U1028, CNRS UMR5292, 69675 Bron, France
| | - Claire Meissirel
- Institut NeuroMyoGène (INMG), Synaptopathies and Autoantibodies, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1217, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR5310, 69000 Lyon, France; Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69000 Lyon, France.
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Galaup C, Picard C, Couderc F, Gilard V, Collin F. Luminescent lanthanide complexes for reactive oxygen species biosensing and possible application in Alzheimer's diseases. FEBS J 2021; 289:2516-2539. [PMID: 33811448 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Histopathological hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease (AD) are intracellular neurofibrillary tangles and extracellular formation of senile plaques composed of the aggregated amyloid-beta peptide along with metal ions (copper, iron or zinc). In addition, oxidative stress is considered as an important factor in the etiology of AD and a multitude of metalloproteins and transporters is affected, leading to metal ion misregulation. Redox-active metal ions (e.g., copper) can catalyze the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the presence of molecular oxygen and a reductant such as ascorbate. The ROS thus produced, in particular the hydroxyl radical which is the most reactive one, may contribute to oxidative stress conditions. Thus, detecting ROS in vivo or in biological models of AD is of interest for better understanding AD etiology. The use of biocompatible and highly specific and sensitive probes is needed for such a purpose, since ROS are transient species whose steady-state concentrations are very low. Luminescent lanthanide complexes are sensitive probes that can meet these criteria. The present review focuses on the recent advances in the use of luminescent lanthanide complexes for ROS biosensing. It shows why the use of luminescent lanthanide complexes is of particular interest for selectively detecting ROS ( O 2 · - , HO• , 1 O2 , H2 O2 , etc.) in biological samples in the µM-nM range. It particularly focuses on the most recent strategies and discusses what could be expected with the use of luminescent lanthanide complexes for better understanding some of the molecular mechanisms underlying the development of Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chantal Galaup
- Laboratoire de Synthèse et Physico-Chimie de Molécules d'Intérêt Biologique (SPCMIB), Université Paul Sabatier-Toulouse III/CNRS (UMR5068), France
| | - Claude Picard
- Laboratoire de Synthèse et Physico-Chimie de Molécules d'Intérêt Biologique (SPCMIB), Université Paul Sabatier-Toulouse III/CNRS (UMR5068), France
| | - François Couderc
- Laboratoire des IMRCP, Université de Toulouse, CNRS UMR 5623, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier, France
| | - Véronique Gilard
- Laboratoire de Synthèse et Physico-Chimie de Molécules d'Intérêt Biologique (SPCMIB), Université Paul Sabatier-Toulouse III/CNRS (UMR5068), France
| | - Fabrice Collin
- Laboratoire des IMRCP, Université de Toulouse, CNRS UMR 5623, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier, France
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Yoon JH, Lee N, Youn K, Jo MR, Kim HR, Lee DS, Ho CT, Jun M. Dieckol Ameliorates Aβ Production via PI3K/Akt/GSK-3β Regulated APP Processing in SweAPP N2a Cell. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:md19030152. [PMID: 33804171 PMCID: PMC8001366 DOI: 10.3390/md19030152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 03/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The proteolytic processing of amyloid precursor protein (APP) by β-secretase (BACE1) and γ-secretase releases amyloid-β peptide (Aβ), which deposits in amyloid plaques and contributes to the initial causative events of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). In the present study, the regulatory mechanism of APP processing of three phlorotannins was elucidated in Swedish mutant APP overexpressed N2a (SweAPP N2a) cells. Among the tested compounds, dieckol exhibited the highest inhibitory effect on both intra- and extracellular Aβ accumulation. In addition, dieckol regulated the APP processing enzymes, such as α-secretase (ADAM10), β-secretase, and γ-secretase, presenilin-1 (PS1), and their proteolytic products, sAPPα and sAPPβ, implying that the compound acts on both the amyloidogenic and non-amyloidogenic pathways. In addition, dieckol increased the phosphorylation of protein kinase B (Akt) at Ser473 and GSK-3β at Ser9, suggesting dieckol induced the activation of Akt, which phosphorylated GSK-3β. The specific phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitor LY294002 triggered GSK-3β activation and Aβ expression. In addition, co-treatment with LY294002 noticeably blocked the effect of dieckol on Aβ production, demonstrating that dieckol promoted the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway, which in turn inactivated GSK-3β, resulting in the reduction in Aβ levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong-Hyun Yoon
- Department of Health Sciences, The graduate School of Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Korea; (J.-H.Y.); (N.L.)
| | - Nayoung Lee
- Department of Health Sciences, The graduate School of Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Korea; (J.-H.Y.); (N.L.)
| | - Kumju Youn
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Korea;
| | - Mi Ra Jo
- Division of Food Safety and Processing Research, National Institute of Fisheries Science, Busan 46083, Korea;
| | - Hyeung-Rak Kim
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Korea;
| | - Dong-Seok Lee
- School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea;
| | - Chi-Tang Ho
- Department of Food Science, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA;
| | - Mira Jun
- Department of Health Sciences, The graduate School of Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Korea; (J.-H.Y.); (N.L.)
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Korea;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-51-200-7323
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Postu PA, Tiron A, Tiron CE, Gorgan DL, Mihasan M, Hritcu L. Conifer Essential Oils Reversed Amyloid Beta1-42 Action by Modulating BDNF and ARC Expression in The Rat Hippocampus. CNS Neurol Disord Drug Targets 2021; 21:85-94. [PMID: 33655878 DOI: 10.2174/1871527320666210303111537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The conifer species Pinus halepensis (Pinaceae) and Tetraclinis articulata (Cupressaceae) are widely used in traditional medicine due to their health beneficial properties. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the mechanisms by which P. halepensis and T. articulata essential oils (1% and 3%) could exhibit neuroprotective effects in an Alzheimer's disease (AD) rat model, induced by intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) administration of amyloid beta1-42 (Aβ1-42). METHOD The essential oils were administered by inhalation to the AD rat model, once daily, for 21 days. DNA fragmentation was assessed through Cell Death Detection ELISA kit. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), activity-regulated cytoskeleton-associated protein (ARC) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) gene expressions were determined by RT-qPCR analysis, while BDNF and ARC protein expressions were assessed using immunohistochemistry technique. RESULTS Our data showed that both essential oils substantially attenuated memory impairments, with P. halepensis mainly stimulating ARC expression and T. articulata mostly enhancing BDNF expression. Also, the inhalation of essential oils reduced IL-1β expression and induced positive effects against DNA fragmentation associated with Aβ1-42-induced toxicity, further contributing to the cognitive improvement in the rats with AD-like model. CONCLUSION Our findings provide further evidence that these essential oils and their chemical constituents could be natural agents of therapeutic interest against Aβ1-42-induced neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Alexandra Postu
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Biology, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iasi, Romania,Center for Fundamental Research and Experimental Development in Translation Medicine—TRANSCEND, Regional Institute of Oncology, Iasi, Romania
| | - Adrian Tiron
- Center for Fundamental Research and Experimental Development in Translation Medicine—TRANSCEND, Regional Institute of Oncology, Iasi, Romania
| | - Crina Elena Tiron
- Center for Fundamental Research and Experimental Development in Translation Medicine—TRANSCEND, Regional Institute of Oncology, Iasi, Romania
| | - Dragoș Lucian Gorgan
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Biology, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iasi, Romania
| | - Marius Mihasan
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Biology, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iasi, Romania
| | - Lucian Hritcu
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Biology, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iasi, Romania
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12
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Doytchinova I, Atanasova M, Salamanova E, Ivanov S, Dimitrov I. Curcumin Inhibits the Primary Nucleation of Amyloid-Beta Peptide: A Molecular Dynamics Study. Biomolecules 2020; 10:E1323. [PMID: 32942739 DOI: 10.3390/biom10091323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The amyloid plaques are a key hallmark of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease. Amyloidogenesis is a complex long-lasting multiphase process starting with the formation of nuclei of amyloid peptides: a process assigned as a primary nucleation. Curcumin (CU) is a well-known inhibitor of the aggregation of amyloid-beta (Aβ) peptides. Even more, CU is able to disintegrate preformed Aβ firbils and amyloid plaques. Here, we simulate by molecular dynamics the primary nucleation process of 12 Aβ peptides and investigate the effects of CU on the process. We found that CU molecules intercalate among the Aβ chains and bind tightly to them by hydrogen bonds, hydrophobic, π–π, and cation–π interactions. In the presence of CU, the Aβ peptides form a primary nucleus of a bigger size. The peptide chains in the nucleus become less flexible and more disordered, and the number of non-native contacts and hydrogen bonds between them decreases. For comparison, the effects of the weaker Aβ inhibitor ferulic acid (FA) on the primary nucleation are also examined. Our study is in good agreement with the observation that taken regularly, CU is able to prevent or at least delay the onset of neurodegenerative disorders.
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13
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Albani D, Marizzoni M, Ferrari C, Fusco F, Boeri L, Raimondi I, Jovicich J, Babiloni C, Soricelli A, Lizio R, Galluzzi S, Cavaliere L, Didic M, Schönknecht P, Molinuevo JL, Nobili F, Parnetti L, Payoux P, Bocchio L, Salvatore M, Rossini PM, Tsolaki M, Visser PJ, Richardson JC, Wiltfang J, Bordet R, Blin O, Forloni G, Frisoni GB. Plasma Aβ42 as a Biomarker of Prodromal Alzheimer's Disease Progression in Patients with Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment: Evidence from the PharmaCog/E-ADNI Study. J Alzheimers Dis 2020; 69:37-48. [PMID: 30149449 DOI: 10.3233/jad-180321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
It is an open issue whether blood biomarkers serve to diagnose Alzheimer's disease (AD) or monitor its progression over time from prodromal stages. Here, we addressed this question starting from data of the European FP7 IMI-PharmaCog/E-ADNI longitudinal study in amnesic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) patients including biological, clinical, neuropsychological (e.g., ADAS-Cog13), neuroimaging, and electroencephalographic measures. PharmaCog/E-ADNI patients were classified as "positive" (i.e., "prodromal AD" n = 76) or "negative" (n = 52) based on a diagnostic cut-off of Aβ42/P-tau in cerebrospinal fluid as well as APOE ε 4 genotype. Blood was sampled at baseline and at two follow-ups (12 and 18 months), when plasma amyloid peptide 42 and 40 (Aβ42, Aβ40) and apolipoprotein J (clusterin, CLU) were assessed. Linear Mixed Models found no significant differences in plasma molecules between the "positive" (i.e., prodromal AD) and "negative" groups at baseline. In contrast, plasma Aβ42 showed a greater reduction over time in the prodromal AD than the "negative" aMCI group (p = 0.048), while CLU and Aβ40 increased, but similarly in the two groups. Furthermore, plasma Aβ42 correlated with the ADAS-Cog13 score both in aMCI patients as a whole and the prodromal AD group alone. Finally, CLU correlated with the ADAS-Cog13 only in the whole aMCI group, and no association with ADAS-Cog13 was found for Aβ40. In conclusion, plasma Aβ42 showed disease progression-related features in aMCI patients with prodromal AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Albani
- Department of Neuroscience, IRCCS - Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Milan, Italy
| | - Moira Marizzoni
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging and Alzheimer's Epidemiology, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Clarissa Ferrari
- Unit of Statistics, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Federica Fusco
- Department of Neuroscience, IRCCS - Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Milan, Italy
| | - Lucia Boeri
- Department of Neuroscience, IRCCS - Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Milan, Italy
| | - Ilaria Raimondi
- Department of Neuroscience, IRCCS - Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Milan, Italy
| | - Jorge Jovicich
- MR Lab Head, Center for Mind/Brain Sciences, University of Trento, Italy
| | - Claudio Babiloni
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "V. Erspamer", Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,Department of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana of Rome and Cassino, Rome and Cassino, Italy
| | - Andrea Soricelli
- IRCCS SDN Istituto di Ricerca Diagnostica e Nucleare, Napoli, Italy
| | - Roberta Lizio
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "V. Erspamer", Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Samantha Galluzzi
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging and Alzheimer's Epidemiology, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Libera Cavaliere
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging and Alzheimer's Epidemiology, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Mira Didic
- Aix-Marseille Université, INSERM, INS UMR_S 1106, Marseille, France.,APHM, Timone, Service de Neurologie et Neuropsychologie, APHM Hôpital Timone Adultes, Marseille, France
| | - Peter Schönknecht
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany, Germany
| | - José Luis Molinuevo
- Alzheimer's Disease Unit and Other Cognitive Disorders Unit, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, and Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain
| | - Flavio Nobili
- Clinical Neurology, Dept. of Neuroscience (DINOGMI), University of Genoa and IRCCS AOU San Martino-IST, Genoa, Italy
| | - Lucilla Parnetti
- Clinica Neurologica, Università di Perugia, Ospedale Santa Maria della Misericordia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Pierre Payoux
- INSERM, Imagerie cérébrale et handicaps neurologiques UMR 825, Toulouse, France
| | - Luisella Bocchio
- Genetic Unit, IRCCS Centro Giovanni di Dio, Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy; Faculty of Psychology, University eCampus, Novedrate (Como), Italy
| | - Marco Salvatore
- IRCCS SDN Istituto di Ricerca Diagnostica e Nucleare, Napoli, Italy
| | - Paolo Maria Rossini
- Department of Gerontology, Neurosciences and Orthopedics, Catholic University, Rome, Italy.,Policlinic A. Gemelli Foundation
| | - Magda Tsolaki
- 3rd Neurologic Clinic, Medical School, G. Papanikolaou Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Pieter Jelle Visser
- Department of Neurology, Alzheimer Centre, VU Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jill C Richardson
- Neurosciences Therapeutic Area, GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, United Kingdom
| | - Jens Wiltfang
- LVR-Hospital Essen, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center (UMG), Georg-August-University, Goettingen, Germany.,iBiMED, Medical Sciences Department, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Régis Bordet
- University of Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1171 - Degenerative and vascular cognitive disorders, Lille, France
| | - Olivier Blin
- Aix Marseille University, UMR-CNRS 7289, Service de Pharmacologie Clinique, AP-HM, Marseille, France
| | - Gianluigi Forloni
- Department of Neuroscience, IRCCS - Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanni B Frisoni
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging and Alzheimer's Epidemiology, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy.,Memory Clinic and LANVIE - Laboratory of Neuroimaging of Aging, University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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Abstract
The amyloid hypothesis (AH) is still the most accepted model to explain the pathogenesis of inherited Alzheimer's disease (IAD). However, despite the neuropathological overlapping with the non-inherited form (NIAD), AH waver in explaining NIAD. Thus, 30 years after its first statement several questions are still open, mainly regarding the role of amyloid plaques (AP) and apolipoprotein E (APOE). Accordingly, a pathogenetic model including the role of AP and APOE unifying IAD and NIAD pathogenesis is still missing. In the present understanding of the AH, we suggested that amyloid-β (Aβ) peptides production and AP formation is a physiological aging process resulting from a systemic age-related decrease in the efficiency of the proteins catabolism/clearance machinery. In this pathogenetic model Aβ peptides act as neurotoxic molecules, but only above a critical concentration [Aβ]c. A threshold mechanism triggers IAD/NIAD onset only when [Aβ]≥[Aβ]c. In this process, APOE modifies [Aβ]c threshold in an isoform-specific way. Consequently, all factors influencing Aβ anabolism, such as amyloid beta precursor protein (APP), presenilin 1 (PSEN1), and presenilin 2 (PSEN2) gene mutations, and/or Aβ catabolism/clearance could contribute to exceed the threshold [Aβ]c, being characteristic of each individual. In this model, AP formation does not depend on [Aβ]c. The present interpretation of the AH, unifying the pathogenetic theories for IAD and NIAD, will explain why AP and APOE4 may be observed in healthy aging and why they are not the cause of AD. It is clear that further studies are needed to confirm our pathogenetic model. Nevertheless, our suggestion may be useful to better understand the pathogenesis of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Paroni
- Research Laboratory, Complex Structure of Geriatrics, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Foggia, Italy
| | - Paola Bisceglia
- Research Laboratory, Complex Structure of Geriatrics, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Foggia, Italy
| | - Davide Seripa
- Research Laboratory, Complex Structure of Geriatrics, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Foggia, Italy
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15
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Pinheiro RGR, Granja A, Loureiro JA, Pereira MC, Pinheiro M, Neves AR, Reis S. RVG29-Functionalized Lipid Nanoparticles for Quercetin Brain Delivery and Alzheimer's Disease. Pharm Res 2020; 37:139. [PMID: 32661727 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-020-02865-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Lipid nanoparticles (SLN and NLC) were functionalized with the RVG29 peptide in order to target the brain and increase the neuronal uptake through the nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. These nanosystems were loaded with quercetin to take advantage of its neuroprotective properties mainly for Alzheimer's disease. METHODS The functionalization of nanoparticles with RVG29 peptide was confirmed by NMR and FTIR. Their morphology was assessed by transmission electron microscopy and nanoparticles size, polydispersity and zeta potential were determined by dynamic light scattering. The in vitro validation tests were conducted in hCMEC/D3 cells, a human blood-brain barrier model and thioflavin T binding assay was conducted to assess the process of amyloid-beta peptide fibrillation typical of Alzheimer's disease. RESULTS RVG29-nanoparticles displayed spherical morphology and size below 250 nm, which is compatible with brain applications. Zeta potential values were between -20 and -25 mV. Quercetin entrapment efficiency was generally higher than 80% and NLC nanoparticles were able to encapsulate up to 90%. The LDH assay showed that there is no cytotoxicity in hCMEC/D3 cell line and RVG29-nanoparticles clearly increased in 1.5-fold the permeability across the in vitro model of blood-brain barrier after 4 h of incubation compared with non-functionalized nanoparticles. Finally, this nanosystem was capable of inhibiting amyloid-beta aggregation in thioflavin T binding assay, suggesting its great potential for neuroprotection. CONCLUSIONS RVG29-nanoparticles that simultaneously target the blood-brain barrier and induce neurons protection against amyloid-beta fibrillation proved to be an efficient way of quercetin delivery and a promising strategy for future approaches in Alzheimer's disease. Graphical Abstract.
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16
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Friedemann M, Tõugu V, Palumaa P. Copper(II) partially protects three histidine residues and the N-terminus of amyloid-β peptide from diethyl pyrocarbonate (DEPC) modification. FEBS Open Bio 2020; 10:1072-1081. [PMID: 32255544 PMCID: PMC7262909 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.12857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Revised: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Diethyl pyrocarbonate (DEPC) has been primarily used as a residue‐specific modifying agent to study the role of His residues in peptide/protein and enzyme function; however, its action is not specific, and several other residues can also be modified. In the current study, we monitored the reaction of DEPC with amyloid‐beta (Aβ) peptides and insulin by matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (MALDI‐TOF MS) and determined the modification sites by electrospray ionization quadrupole time‐of‐flight tandem MS (ESI Q‐TOF MS/MS). Our results indicate that five residues in Aβ1–42 are modified in the presence of 30‐fold molar excess of DEPC. After hydroxylamine treatment (which removes modifications from three His residues), two labels remain bound at the peptide N terminus and Lys16. DEPC treatment of Aβ1–42 promotes peptide aggregation, as monitored through the loss of soluble Aβ42 in a semi‐quantitative MALDI‐TOF MS assay. It has been previously proposed that Cu(II) ions protect Aβ1–16 from DEPC modification through binding to His6. We confirmed that Cu(II) ions decrease the stoichiometry of Aβ1–16 modification with the excess of DEPC being lower as compared to the control, which indicates that Cu(II) protects Aβ from DEPC modification. Sequencing of obtained Cu(II)‐protected Aβ1–16 samples showed that Cu(II) does not protect any residues completely, but partially protects all three His residues and the N terminus. Thus, the protection by Cu(II) ions is not related to specific metal binding to a particular residue (e.g. His6), but rather all His residues and the N terminus are involved in binding of Cu(II) ions. These results allow us to elucidate the effect of DEPC modification on amyloidogenity of human Aβ and to speculate about the role of His residues in these processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merlin Friedemann
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Tallinn University of Technology, Estonia
| | - Vello Tõugu
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Tallinn University of Technology, Estonia
| | - Peep Palumaa
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Tallinn University of Technology, Estonia
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17
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Dabur M, Loureiro JA, Pereira MC. Fluorinated Molecules and Nanotechnology: Future 'Avengers' against the Alzheimer's Disease? Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21082989. [PMID: 32340267 PMCID: PMC7216102 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21082989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a serious health concern, affecting millions of people globally, which leads to cognitive impairment, dementia, and inevitable death. There is still no medically accepted treatment for AD. Developing therapeutic treatments for AD is an overwhelming challenge in the medicinal field, as the exact mechanics underlying its devastating symptoms is still not completely understood. Rather than the unknown mechanism of the disease, one of the limiting factors in developing new drugs for AD is the blood–brain barrier (BBB). A combination of nanotechnology with fluorinated molecules is proposed as a promising therapeutic treatment to meet the desired pharmacokinetic/physiochemical properties for crossing the BBB passage. This paper reviews the research conducted on fluorine-containing compounds and fluorinated nanoparticles (NPs) that have been designed and tested for the inhibition of amyloid-beta (Aβ) peptide aggregation. Additionally, this study summarizes fluorinated molecules and NPs as promising agents and further future work is encouraged to be effective for the treatment of AD.
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18
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Gomes LMF, Bataglioli JC, Jussila AJ, Smith JR, Walsby CJ, Storr T. Modification of Aβ Peptide Aggregation via Covalent Binding of a Series of Ru(III) Complexes. Front Chem 2019; 7:838. [PMID: 31921764 PMCID: PMC6915085 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2019.00838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia, leading to loss of cognition, and eventually death. The disease is characterized by the formation of extracellular aggregates of the amyloid-beta (Aβ) peptide and neurofibrillary tangles of tau protein inside cells, and oxidative stress. In this study, we investigate a series of Ru(III) complexes (Ru-N) derived from NAMI-A in which the imidazole ligand has been substituted for pyridine derivatives, as potential therapeutics for AD. The ability of the Ru-N series to bind to Aβ was evaluated by NMR and ESI-MS, and their influence on the Aβ peptide aggregation process was investigated via electrophoresis gel/western blot, TEM, turbidity, and Bradford assays. The complexes were shown to bind covalently to the Aβ peptide, likely via a His residue. Upon binding, the complexes promote the formation of soluble high molecular weight aggregates, in comparison to peptide precipitation for peptide alone. In addition, TEM analysis supports both amorphous and fibrillar aggregate morphology for Ru-N treatments, while only large amorphous aggregates are observed for peptide alone. Overall, our results show that the Ru-N complexes modulate Aβ peptide aggregation, however, the change in the size of the pyridine ligand does not substantially alter the Aβ aggregation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiza M F Gomes
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | | | - Allison J Jussila
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | - Jason R Smith
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | - Charles J Walsby
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | - Tim Storr
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
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Artuso V, Benussi L, Ghidoni R, Moradi-Bachiller S, Fusco F, Curtolo S, Roiter I, Forloni G, Albani D. Asymptomatic Carriers of Presenilin-1 E318G Variant Show no Cerebrospinal Fluid Biochemical Signs Suggestive of Alzheimer's disease in a Family with Late-onset Dementia. Curr Alzheimer Res 2018; 16:1-7. [PMID: 30381075 DOI: 10.2174/1567205015666181031150345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Revised: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Presenilin-1 (PSEN-1) is a component of the γ-secretase complex involved in β-amyloid Precursor Protein (AβPP) processing. Usually, Alzheimer's disease (AD)-linked mutations in the PSEN-1 gene lead to the early onset and increase the production of the aggregation-prone peptide Aβ42. However, the PSEN-1 E318G variant has an unclear pathogenic role and is recently reported as a genetic risk factor for AD. In particular, E318G variant presence correlated with increased cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of Total Tau (t-tau) and Phosphorylated Tau (p-tau). OBJECTIVE We describe a large Italian family, which we followed from January 2003 to January 2018, with the late-onset AD and the E318G variant, with the aim of assessing E318G-associated CSF or plasma biochemical changes in biomarkers of dementia. METHOD CSF Aβ42, t-tau and p-tau, plasma Aβ42 and Aβ40 were assessed by ELISA tests, while CSF amyloid peptides profile was investigated by mass spectrometry. RESULTS We did not find any changes in CSF biochemical markers (Aβ42, t-tau, p-tau and amyloid peptides) of asymptomatic E318G carriers in 2010 and 2012, but plasma Aβ40 was increased at the same times. From 2003 to 2018, no asymptomatic E318G carrier developed AD. CONCLUSION Our follow-up of this family may help elucidate E318G's role in AD and globally points to a null effect of this variant.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Luisa Benussi
- Molecular Markers Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Roberta Ghidoni
- Molecular Markers Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Soraya Moradi-Bachiller
- Department of Neuroscience, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Via La Masa 19, 20156, Milan, Italy
| | - Federica Fusco
- Department of Neuroscience, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Via La Masa 19, 20156, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefano Curtolo
- ULSS 2 Marca Trevigiana, Ca' Foncello Hospital, Piazzale Ospedale, 1, 31100 Treviso, Italy
| | - Ignazio Roiter
- ULSS 2 Marca Trevigiana, Ca' Foncello Hospital, Piazzale Ospedale, 1, 31100 Treviso, Italy
| | - Gianluigi Forloni
- Department of Neuroscience, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Via La Masa 19, 20156, Milan, Italy
| | - Diego Albani
- Department of Neuroscience, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Via La Masa 19, 20156, Milan, Italy
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Wang X, Wang C, Geng C, Zhao K. LncRNA XIST knockdown attenuates Aβ 25-35-induced toxicity, oxidative stress, and apoptosis in primary cultured rat hippocampal neurons by targeting miR-132. Int J Clin Exp Pathol 2018; 11:3915-3924. [PMID: 31949779 PMCID: PMC6962802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive and irreversible neurodegenerative disorder. The abnormal accumulation and deposition of amyloid-beta peptide (Aβ) in senile plaques and cerebral vasculature is widely recognized to be the most likely culprit in the pathogenesis of AD. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), a kind of evolutionarily conserved non-coding RNAs with over 200 nucleotides in length, have introduced a novel field of biology, and are involved in various human diseases, including neurological diseases. Recently, lncRNA X-inactive specific transcript (XIST) is reported to be upregulated in the rat spinal cord injury (a neurological disease) model and XIST knockdown has a prominent protective effect on the recovery of spinal cord injury. However, little is known about the expression and function of XIST in AD. Here, we showed that Aβ25-35 treatment increased XIST expression in hippocampal neurons. XIST knockdown ameliorated toxicity, oxidative stress, and apoptosis induced by Aβ25-35 treatment in hippocampal neurons. We further identified and confirmed that miR-132 was the target of XIST, and XIST functioned by targeting miR-132. Collectively, these data show that knockdown of XIST relieves Aβ25-35-induced toxicity, oxidative stress, and apoptosis in primary cultured rat hippocampal neurons by upregulation of miR-132. These findings encourage continued investigation of the potential of manipulating XIST in the treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueyin Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Henan Medical CollegeZhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Chao Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University and Henan Province Mental HospitalXinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Caihong Geng
- Department of Psychiatry, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University and Henan Province Mental HospitalXinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Kunpeng Zhao
- Department of Psychiatry, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University and Henan Province Mental HospitalXinxiang, Henan, China
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Jiang X, Cao Y, Han W. In Silico Study of Recognition between Aβ 40 and Aβ 40 Fibril Surfaces: An N-Terminal Helical Recognition Motif and Its Implications for Inhibitor Design. ACS Chem Neurosci 2018; 9:935-944. [PMID: 29281261 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.7b00359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The recent finding that the surface of amyloid-β (Aβ) fibril can recruit Aβ peptides and convert them into toxic oligomers has rendered fibril surfaces attractive as inhibition targets. Through extensive simulations with hybrid-resolution and all-atom models, we have investigated how Aβ1-40 recognizes its own fibril surfaces. These calculations give a ∼2.6-5.6 μM half-saturation concentration of Aβ on the surface (cf. experimental value ∼6 μM). Aβ was found to preferentially bind to region 16-24 of Aβ40 fibrils through both electrostatic and van der Waals forces. Both terminal regions of Aβ contribute significantly to binding energetics. A helical binding pose of the N-terminal region of Aβ (Aβ3-14) not seen before is highly preferred on the fibril surface. Aβ3-14 in a helical form can arrange side chains with similar properties on the same sides of the helix and maximize complementary interactions with side chain arrays characteristic of amyloid fibrils. Helix formation on a fibril surface implies a helix-mediated mechanism for Aβ oligomerization catalyzed by fibrils. We propose an Aβ3-14 analogue that can exhibit enhanced helical character and interactions with Aβ fibrils and may thus be used as a template with which to pursue potent inhibitors of Aβ-fibril interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuehan Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yang Cao
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Wei Han
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
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22
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Estrada LD, Chamorro D, Yañez MJ, Gonzalez M, Leal N, von Bernhardi R, Dulcey AE, Marugan J, Ferrer M, Soto C, Zanlungo S, Inestrosa NC, Alvarez AR. Reduction of Blood Amyloid-β Oligomers in Alzheimer's Disease Transgenic Mice by c-Abl Kinase Inhibition. J Alzheimers Dis 2018; 54:1193-1205. [PMID: 27567806 DOI: 10.3233/jad-151087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
One of the pathological hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the presence of amyloid plaques, which are deposits of misfolded and aggregated amyloid-beta peptide (Aβ). The role of the c-Abl tyrosine kinase in Aβ-mediated neurodegeneration has been previously reported. Here, we investigated the therapeutic potential of inhibiting c-Abl using imatinib. We developed a novel method, based on a technique used to detect prions (PMCA), to measure minute amounts of misfolded-Aβ in the blood of AD transgenic mice. We found that imatinib reduces Aβ-oligomers in plasma, which correlates with a reduction of AD brain features such as plaques and oligomers accumulation, neuroinflammation, and cognitive deficits. Cells exposed to imatinib and c-Abl KO mice display decreased levels of β-CTF fragments, suggesting that an altered processing of the amyloid-beta protein precursor is the most probable mechanism behind imatinib effects. Our findings support the role of c-Abl in Aβ accumulation and AD, and propose AD-PMCA as a new tool to evaluate AD progression and screening for drug candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisbell D Estrada
- Cell Signaling Laboratory, Cell and Molecular Biology Department, Biological Sciences Faculty, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Chile.,Centro de Envejecimiento y Regeneración (CARE), Departamento de Biología Celular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Chile.,Laboratorio Bionanotecnologia, Facultad de Salud, Universidad Bernardo O Higgins, Chile
| | - David Chamorro
- Cell Signaling Laboratory, Cell and Molecular Biology Department, Biological Sciences Faculty, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Chile
| | - María José Yañez
- Cell Signaling Laboratory, Cell and Molecular Biology Department, Biological Sciences Faculty, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Chile
| | - Marcelo Gonzalez
- Cell Signaling Laboratory, Cell and Molecular Biology Department, Biological Sciences Faculty, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Chile
| | - Nancy Leal
- Cell Signaling Laboratory, Cell and Molecular Biology Department, Biological Sciences Faculty, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Chile
| | - Rommy von Bernhardi
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Chile
| | - Andrés E Dulcey
- National Center for Advancing Translational Science (NACTS), NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Juan Marugan
- National Center for Advancing Translational Science (NACTS), NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Marc Ferrer
- National Center for Advancing Translational Science (NACTS), NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Claudio Soto
- Mitchell Center for Alzheimer's Disease and Related Brain Disorders, University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Silvana Zanlungo
- Gastroentorology Department, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Chile
| | - Nibaldo C Inestrosa
- Centro de Envejecimiento y Regeneración (CARE), Departamento de Biología Celular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Chile.,Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Australia.,Centro de Excelencia en Biomedicina de Magallanes (CEBIMA), Universidad de Magallanes, Chile
| | - Alejandra R Alvarez
- Cell Signaling Laboratory, Cell and Molecular Biology Department, Biological Sciences Faculty, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Chile.,Centro de Envejecimiento y Regeneración (CARE), Departamento de Biología Celular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Chile
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23
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Clayton KA, Van Enoo AA, Ikezu T. Alzheimer's Disease: The Role of Microglia in Brain Homeostasis and Proteopathy. Front Neurosci 2017; 11:680. [PMID: 29311768 PMCID: PMC5733046 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2017.00680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Brain aging is central to late-onset Alzheimer's disease (LOAD), although the mechanisms by which it occurs at protein or cellular levels are not fully understood. Alzheimer's disease is the most common proteopathy and is characterized by two unique pathologies: senile plaques and neurofibrillary tangles, the former accumulating earlier than the latter. Aging alters the proteostasis of amyloid-β peptides and microtubule-associated protein tau, which are regulated in both autonomous and non-autonomous manners. Microglia, the resident phagocytes of the central nervous system, play a major role in the non-autonomous clearance of protein aggregates. Their function is significantly altered by aging and neurodegeneration. This is genetically supported by the association of microglia-specific genes, TREM2 and CD33, and late onset Alzheimer's disease. Here, we propose that the functional characterization of microglia, and their contribution to proteopathy, will lead to a new therapeutic direction in Alzheimer's disease research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin A Clayton
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Medical School, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Alicia A Van Enoo
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Medical School, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Tsuneya Ikezu
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Medical School, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Neurology, Medical School, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States
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24
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Lai AY, McLaurin J. Rho-associated protein kinases as therapeutic targets for both vascular and parenchymal pathologies in Alzheimer's disease. J Neurochem 2017; 144:659-668. [PMID: 28722749 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Revised: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 07/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The causes of late-onset Alzheimer's disease are unclear and likely multifactorial. Rho-associated protein kinases (ROCKs) are ubiquitously expressed signaling messengers that mediate a wide array of cellular processes. Interestingly, they play an important role in several vascular and brain pathologies implicated in Alzheimer's etiology, including hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, blood-brain barrier disruption, oxidative stress, deposition of vascular and parenchymal amyloid-beta peptides, tau hyperphosphorylation, and cognitive decline. The current review summarizes the functions of ROCKs with respect to the various risk factors and pathologies on both sides of the blood-brain barrier and present support for targeting ROCK signaling as a multifactorial and multi-effect approach for the prevention and amelioration of late-onset Alzheimer's disease. This article is part of the Special Issue "Vascular Dementia".
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron Y Lai
- Biological Sciences Platform, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - JoAnne McLaurin
- Biological Sciences Platform, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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25
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Pascual AC, Gaveglio VL, Giusto NM, Pasquaré SJ. 2-Arachidonoylglycerol metabolism is differently modulated by oligomeric and fibrillar conformations of amyloid beta in synaptic terminals. Neuroscience 2017; 362:168-180. [PMID: 28844762 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2017.08.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Revised: 08/19/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most prevalent disorder of senile dementia mainly characterized by amyloid-beta peptide (Aβ) deposits in the brain. Cannabinoids are relevant to AD as they exert several beneficial effects in many models of this disease. Still, whether the endocannabinoid system is either up- or down-regulated in AD has not yet been fully elucidated. Thus, the aim of the present paper was to analyze endocannabinoid 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) metabolism in cerebral cortex synaptosomes incubated with Aβ oligomers or fibrils. These Aβ conformations were obtained by "aging" the 1-40 fragment of the peptide under different agitation and time conditions. A diminished availability of 2-AG resulting from a significant decrease in diacylglycerol lipase (DAGL) activity was observed in the presence of large Aβ1-40 oligomers along with synaptosomal membrane damage, as judged by transmission electron microscopy and LDH release. Conversely, a high availability of 2-AG resulting from an increase in DAGL and lysophosphatidic acid phosphohydrolase activities occurred in the presence of Aβ1-40 fibrils although synaptosomal membrane disruption was also observed. Interestingly, neither synaptosomal mitochondrial viability assayed by MTT reduction nor membrane lipid peroxidation assayed by TBARS formation measurements were altered by Aβ1-40 oligomers or fibrils. These results show a differential effect of Aβ1-40 peptide on 2-AG metabolism depending on its conformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana C Pascual
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Bahía Blanca (INIBIBB, UNS-CONICET), Edificio E1, Camino La Carrindanga Km 7, 8000 Bahía Blanca, Argentina; Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional del Sur, San Juan 670, 8000 Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - Virginia L Gaveglio
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Bahía Blanca (INIBIBB, UNS-CONICET), Edificio E1, Camino La Carrindanga Km 7, 8000 Bahía Blanca, Argentina; Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional del Sur, San Juan 670, 8000 Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - Norma M Giusto
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Bahía Blanca (INIBIBB, UNS-CONICET), Edificio E1, Camino La Carrindanga Km 7, 8000 Bahía Blanca, Argentina; Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional del Sur, San Juan 670, 8000 Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - Susana J Pasquaré
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Bahía Blanca (INIBIBB, UNS-CONICET), Edificio E1, Camino La Carrindanga Km 7, 8000 Bahía Blanca, Argentina; Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional del Sur, San Juan 670, 8000 Bahía Blanca, Argentina.
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26
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Nikitidou E, Khoonsari PE, Shevchenko G, Ingelsson M, Kultima K, Erlandsson A. Increased Release of Apolipoprotein E in Extracellular Vesicles Following Amyloid-β Protofibril Exposure of Neuroglial Co-Cultures. J Alzheimers Dis 2017; 60:305-321. [PMID: 28826183 PMCID: PMC5676865 DOI: 10.3233/jad-170278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs), including exosomes and larger microvesicles, have been implicated to play a role in several conditions, including Alzheimer's disease (AD). Since the EV content mirrors the intracellular environment, it could contribute with important information about ongoing pathological processes and may be a useful source for biomarkers, reflecting the disease progression. The aim of the present study was to analyze the protein content of EVs specifically released from a mixed co-culture of primary astrocytes, neurons, and oligodendrocytes treated with synthetic amyloid-β (Aβ42) protofibrils. The EV isolation was performed by ultracentrifugation and validated by transmission electron microscopy. Mass spectrometry analysis of the EV content revealed a total of 807 unique proteins, of which five displayed altered levels in Aβ42 protofibril exposed cultures. The most prominent protein was apolipoprotein E (apoE), and by western blot analysis we could confirm a threefold increase of apoE in EVs from Aβ42 protofibril exposed cells, compared to unexposed cells. Moreover, immunoprecipitation studies demonstrated that apoE was primarily situated inside the EVs, whereas immunocytochemistry indicated that the EVs most likely derived from the astrocytes and the neurons in the culture. The identified Aβ-induced sorting of apoE into EVs from cultured neuroglial cells suggests a possible role for intercellular transfer of apoE in AD pathology and encourage future studies to fully elucidate the clinical relevance of this event.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Nikitidou
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Molecular Geriatrics, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Payam Emami Khoonsari
- Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Chemistry, Uppsala University Academic Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ganna Shevchenko
- Department of Chemistry-BMC, AnalyticalChemistry, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Martin Ingelsson
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Molecular Geriatrics, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Kim Kultima
- Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Chemistry, Uppsala University Academic Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Anna Erlandsson
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Molecular Geriatrics, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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27
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Li H, Huang Y, Yu Y, Li G, Karamanos Y. Self-Catalyzed Assembly of Peptide Scaffolded Nanozyme as a Dynamic Biosensing System. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2016; 8:2833-2839. [PMID: 26752458 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b11567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In this work, a new strategy of biosensor design is developed based on the assembly of amyloid beta and its multiple interactions with other bioactive species. These interactions can enable amyloid beta peptide as a multifunctional sensing element, so the immobilization of sensing probe and the step-by-step modification of the sensing interface have all been dispensed with. Instead, the kinetics of the assembly of a peptide-based catalytic network serves to convert the quantity of analyte into amplified signal readout. The designed dynamic assembling and biosensing system has also been successfully applied in detecting the activity of polyglutamylation, an essential post translation modification controlling cell skeleton and cell cycle, in biological complex samples. Further studies reveal that the serum abundance of a polyglutamylase, tubulin tyrosine ligase-like protein 12, may show parallel with the degree of development of prostate cancer and the discrimination between early cancerous development and benign conditions. And the obtained result is more distinct than that based on PSA detection, the current gold standard. This study may also point to the prospective of extending this design strategy to broader range of biosensing applications in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Life Sciences, Department of Biochemistry, Nanjing University , Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Yue Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Life Sciences, Department of Biochemistry, Nanjing University , Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Yue Yu
- Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School , Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Genxi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Life Sciences, Department of Biochemistry, Nanjing University , Nanjing 210093, China
- Laboratory of Biosensing Technology, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University , Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Yannis Karamanos
- Laboratoire de la Barrière Hémato-encéphalique, Faculté des Sciences, Université d'Artois , rue Souvraz SP18, 62307 Lens Cedex, France
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28
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Liu B, Zhu Y, Zhou J, Wei Y, Long C, Chen M, Ling Y, Ge J, Zhuo Y. Endoplasmic reticulum stress promotes amyloid-beta peptides production in RGC-5 cells. Cell Stress Chaperones 2014; 19:827-35. [PMID: 24643796 PMCID: PMC4389842 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-014-0506-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2013] [Revised: 02/19/2014] [Accepted: 02/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress has been implicated in various neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease. We have previously observed amyloid production in the retina of the Tg2576 transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. In this study, we used tunicamycin-induced ER stress in RGC-5 cells, a cell line identical to the photoreceptor cell line 661W, to investigate the effect of ER stress on production of amyloid-beta (Abeta) peptides. We found that the mRNA level of amyloid-beta precursor protein (APP) remained stable, while the protein level of amyloid-beta precursor protein (APP) was decreased, the amyloid-beta precursor protein cleaving enzymes beta-site APP-cleaving enzyme 1 and presenilin 1 were upregulated, Abeta1-40 and Abeta1-42 production were increased, and reactive oxygen species production and apoptosis markers were elevated following induction of ER stress. The protein level of Abeta degradation enzymes, neprilysin, endothelin-converting enzyme 1, and endothelin-converting enzyme 2 remained unchanged during the prolonged ER stress, showing that the generation of Abeta did not result from reduction of proteolysis by these enzymes. Inclusion of group II caspase inhibitor, Z-DEVD-FMK, increased the ER stress mediated Abeta production, suggesting that they are generated by a caspase-independent mechanism. Our findings provided evidence of a role of ER stress in Abeta peptide overproduction and apoptotic pathway activation in RGC-5 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingqian Liu
- />State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060 China
| | - Yingting Zhu
- />State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060 China
| | - Jiayi Zhou
- />New England College of Optometry, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - Yantao Wei
- />State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060 China
| | - Chongde Long
- />State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060 China
| | - Mengfei Chen
- />State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060 China
| | - Yunlan Ling
- />State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060 China
| | - Jian Ge
- />State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060 China
| | - Yehong Zhuo
- />State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060 China
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29
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Yu W, Bonnet M, Farso M, Ma K, Chabot JG, Martin E, Torriglia A, Guan Z, McLaurin J, Quirion R, Krantic S. The expression of apoptosis inducing factor (AIF) is associated with aging-related cell death in the cortex but not in the hippocampus in the TgCRND8 mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. BMC Neurosci 2014; 15:73. [PMID: 24915960 PMCID: PMC4070095 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2202-15-73] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2014] [Accepted: 05/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent evidence has suggested that Alzheimer's disease (AD)-associated neuronal loss may occur via the caspase-independent route of programmed cell death (PCD) in addition to caspase-dependent mechanisms. However, the brain region specificity of caspase-independent PCD in AD-associated neurodegeneration is unknown. We therefore used the transgenic CRND8 (TgCRND8) AD mouse model to explore whether the apoptosis inducing factor (AIF), a key mediator of caspase-independent PCD, contributes to cell loss in selected brain regions in the course of aging. RESULTS Increased expression of truncated AIF (tAIF), which is directly responsible for cell death induction, was observed at both 4- and 6-months of age in the cortex. Concomitant with the up-regulation of tAIF was an increase in the nuclear translocation of this protein. Heightened tAIF expression or translocation was not observed in the hippocampus or cerebellum, which were used as AD-vulnerable and relatively AD-spared regions, respectively. The cortical alterations in tAIF levels were accompanied by increased Bax expression and mitochondrial translocation. This effect was preceded by a significant reduction in ATP content and an increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, detectable at 2 months of age despite negligible amounts of amyloid-beta peptides (Aβ). CONCLUSIONS Taken together, these data suggest that AIF is likely to play a region-specific role in AD-related caspase-independent PCD, which is consistent with aging-associated mitochondrial impairment and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenfeng Yu
- Key laboratory of Molecular Biology, Guiyang Medical University, Guiyang 550004, China
- Department of Psychiatry, Douglas Mental Health University Institute (DMHUI), McGill University, Verdun Montréal, Québec H4H 1R3, Canada
| | - Mathilde Bonnet
- Department of Psychiatry, Douglas Mental Health University Institute (DMHUI), McGill University, Verdun Montréal, Québec H4H 1R3, Canada
| | - Mark Farso
- Department of Psychiatry, Douglas Mental Health University Institute (DMHUI), McGill University, Verdun Montréal, Québec H4H 1R3, Canada
| | - Keran Ma
- Department Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Jean-Guy Chabot
- Department of Psychiatry, Douglas Mental Health University Institute (DMHUI), McGill University, Verdun Montréal, Québec H4H 1R3, Canada
| | | | | | - Zhizhong Guan
- Key laboratory of Molecular Biology, Guiyang Medical University, Guiyang 550004, China
- Department of Pathology in the Affiliated Hospital of Guiyang Medical University, Guiyang 550004, China
| | - JoAnne McLaurin
- Department Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Rémi Quirion
- Department of Psychiatry, Douglas Mental Health University Institute (DMHUI), McGill University, Verdun Montréal, Québec H4H 1R3, Canada
| | - Slavica Krantic
- Department of Psychiatry, Douglas Mental Health University Institute (DMHUI), McGill University, Verdun Montréal, Québec H4H 1R3, Canada
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, UMRS872, Paris, France
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30
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Johnson RD, Steel DG, Gafni A. Structural evolution and membrane interactions of Alzheimer's amyloid-beta peptide oligomers: new knowledge from single-molecule fluorescence studies. Protein Sci 2014; 23:869-83. [PMID: 24753305 DOI: 10.1002/pro.2479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2014] [Revised: 04/15/2014] [Accepted: 04/17/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Amyloid-β peptide (Aβ) oligomers may represent the proximal neurotoxin in Alzheimer's disease. Single-molecule microscopy (SMM) techniques have recently emerged as a method for overcoming the innate difficulties of working with amyloid-β, including the peptide's low endogenous concentrations, the dynamic nature of its oligomeric states, and its heterogeneous and complex membrane interactions. SMM techniques have revealed that small oligomers of the peptide bind to model membranes and cells at low nanomolar-to-picomolar concentrations and diffuse at rates dependent on the membrane characteristics. These methods have also shown that oligomers grow or dissociate based on the presence of specific inhibitors or promoters and on the ratio of Aβ40 to Aβ42. Here, we discuss several types of single-molecule imaging that have been applied to the study of Aβ oligomers and their membrane interactions. We also summarize some of the recent insights SMM has provided into oligomer behavior in solution, on planar lipid membranes, and on living cell membranes. A brief overview of the current limitations of the technique, including the lack of sensitive assays for Aβ-induced toxicity, is included in hopes of inspiring future development in this area of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin D Johnson
- Department of Biophysics, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109; University of Michigan Medical School, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48105
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31
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Kook SY, Seok Hong H, Moon M, Mook-Jung I. Disruption of blood-brain barrier in Alzheimer disease pathogenesis. Tissue Barriers 2014; 1:e23993. [PMID: 24665385 PMCID: PMC3887048 DOI: 10.4161/tisb.23993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2012] [Revised: 02/02/2013] [Accepted: 02/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Blood-brain barrier (BBB) regulates transport of various molecules and maintains brain homeostasis. Perturbed intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis and BBB damage have been implicated in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer disease (AD). Although receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) is known to mediate Aβ transcytosis across the BBB, molecular mechanisms underlying Aβ-RAGE interaction-induced BBB alterations are largely unknown. We found enhanced permeability, decreased zonula occludin-1 (ZO-1) expression and increased intracellular calcium and MMP secretion in endothelial cells exposed to Aβ1–42. Aβ-induced changes in ZO-1 were attenuated by neutralizing antibodies against RAGE and inhibitors of calcineurin (CaN) and MMPs, suggesting that Aβ-RAGE interactions disrupt tight junction proteins via the Ca2+-CaN pathway. We also found disrupted microvessels near Aβ plaque-deposited areas, elevated RAGE expression and enhanced MMP secretion in microvessels of the brains of 5XFAD mice, an animal model of AD. These results identify a potential molecular pathway underlying Aβ-RAGE interaction-induced breakage of BBB integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun-Young Kook
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences; College of Medicine; Seoul National University; Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyun Seok Hong
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences; College of Medicine; Seoul National University; Seoul, Korea ; Medifron-DBT; Ansan, Korea
| | - Minho Moon
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences; College of Medicine; Seoul National University; Seoul, Korea
| | - Inhee Mook-Jung
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences; College of Medicine; Seoul National University; Seoul, Korea
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Liu Y, Pukala TL, Musgrave IF, Williams DM, Dehle FC, Carver JA. Gallic acid is the major component of grape seed extract that inhibits amyloid fibril formation. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2013; 23:6336-40. [PMID: 24157371 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2013.09.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2013] [Revised: 09/19/2013] [Accepted: 09/23/2013] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Many protein misfolding diseases, for example, Alzheimer's, Parkinson's and Huntington's, are characterised by the accumulation of protein aggregates in an amyloid fibrillar form. Natural products which inhibit fibril formation are a promising avenue to explore as therapeutics for the treatment of these diseases. In this study we have shown, using in vitro thioflavin T assays and transmission electron microscopy, that grape seed extract inhibits fibril formation of kappa-casein (κ-CN), a milk protein which forms amyloid fibrils spontaneously under physiological conditions. Among the components of grape seed extract, gallic acid was the most active component at inhibiting κ-CN fibril formation, by stabilizing κ-CN to prevent its aggregation. Concomitantly, gallic acid significantly reduced the toxicity of κ-CN to pheochromocytoma12 cells. Furthermore, gallic acid effectively inhibited fibril formation by the amyloid-beta peptide, the putative causative agent in Alzheimer's disease. It is concluded that the gallate moiety has the fibril-inhibitory activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanqin Liu
- School of Chemistry and Physics, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
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Cascella R, Conti S, Mannini B, Li X, Buxbaum JN, Tiribilli B, Chiti F, Cecchi C. Transthyretin suppresses the toxicity of oligomers formed by misfolded proteins in vitro. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2013; 1832:2302-14. [PMID: 24075940 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2013.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2013] [Revised: 09/16/2013] [Accepted: 09/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Although human transthyretin (TTR) is associated with systemic amyloidoses, an anti-amyloidogenic effect that prevents Aβ fibril formation in vitro and in animal models has been observed. Here we studied the ability of three different types of TTR, namely human tetramers (hTTR), mouse tetramers (muTTR) and an engineered monomer of the human protein (M-TTR), to suppress the toxicity of oligomers formed by two different amyloidogenic peptides/proteins (HypF-N and Aβ42). muTTR is the most stable homotetramer, hTTR can dissociate into partially unfolded monomers, whereas M-TTR maintains a monomeric state. Preformed toxic HypF-N and Aβ42 oligomers were incubated in the presence of each TTR then added to cell culture media. hTTR, and to a greater extent M-TTR, were found to protect human neuroblastoma cells and rat primary neurons against oligomer-induced toxicity, whereas muTTR had no protective effect. The thioflavin T assay and site-directed labeling experiments using pyrene ruled out disaggregation and structural reorganization within the discrete oligomers following incubation with TTRs, while confocal microscopy, SDS-PAGE, and intrinsic fluorescence measurements indicated tight binding between oligomers and hTTR, particularly M-TTR. Moreover, atomic force microscopy (AFM), light scattering and turbidimetry analyses indicated that larger assemblies of oligomers are formed in the presence of M-TTR and, to a lesser extent, with hTTR. Overall, the data suggest a generic capacity of TTR to efficiently neutralize the toxicity of oligomers formed by misfolded proteins and reveal that such neutralization occurs through a mechanism of TTR-mediated assembly of protein oligomers into larger species, with an efficiency that correlates inversely with TTR tetramer stability.
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Cassagnes LE, Hervé V, Nepveu F, Hureau C, Faller P, Collin F. The catalytically active copper-amyloid-Beta state: coordination site responsible for reactive oxygen species production. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013; 52:11110-3. [PMID: 24038998 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201305372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Copper-amyloid-β ROS production: Copper ions (red sphere, see picture) have been found to accumulate in amyloid-β plaques and play a role in the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) within this context. Mass spectrometry studies were able to detail the sites of oxidation damage and shed new light on the mechanism of ROS production, important for the understanding of the pathogenicity of amyloid-β peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laure-Estelle Cassagnes
- Université de Toulouse; UPS; UMR 152 PHARMA-DEV, Université Toulouse 3, 31062 Toulouse Cedex 09 (France); Institut de Recherche pour le développement (IRD); UMR 152 PHARMA-DEV, 31062 Toulouse Cedex 09 (France)
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35
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Chen X, Yang Y, Zhang Y. Isobavachalcone and bavachinin from Psoraleae Fructus modulate Aβ42 aggregation process through different mechanisms in vitro. FEBS Lett 2013; 587:2930-5. [PMID: 23907009 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2013.07.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2013] [Revised: 07/04/2013] [Accepted: 07/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Spontaneous aggregation of Aβ is a key factor in the development of Alzheimer's disease. In searching for Aβ aggregation inhibitors from traditional Chinese herbal medicines, we identified two active compounds from Psoraleae Fructus, namely isobavachalcone and bavachinin. We further demonstrated that the two compounds modulate Aβ42 aggregation process through different mechanisms. Isobavachalcone significantly inhibits both oligomerization and fibrillization of Aβ42, whereas bavachinin inhibits fibrillization and leads to off-pathway aggregation. Both of the compounds attenuated Aβ42-induced toxicity in a SH-SY5Y cell model. These findings may provide valuable information for new drug development and Alzheimer's therapy in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiumin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
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Zhang L, Yang J, Cao Y. What is the new target inhibiting the progression of Alzheimer's disease. Neural Regen Res 2013; 8:1938-47. [PMID: 25206502 PMCID: PMC4145903 DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-5374.2013.21.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2013] [Accepted: 06/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
To stop the progression of Alzheimer's disease in the early stage, it is necessary to identify new therapeutic targets. We examined striatal-enriched phosphatase 61 expression in the brain tissues of 12-month-old APPswe/PSEN1dE9 transgenic mice. Immunohistochemistry showed that al-enriched phosphatase 61 protein expression was significantly increased but phosphorylated N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor 2B levels were significantly decreased in the cortex and hippocampus of APPswe/PSEN1dE9 transgenic mice. Western blotting of a cell model of Alzheimer's disease consisting of amyloid-beta peptide (1-42)-treated C57BL/6 mouse cortical neurons in vitro showed that valeric acid (AP5), an N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist, significantly inhibited amyloid-beta 1-42-induced increased activity of striatal-enriched phosphatase 61. In addition, the phosphorylation of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor 2B at Tyr1472 was impaired in amyloid-beta 1-42-treated cortical neurons, but knockdown of striatal-enriched phosphatase 61 enhanced the phosphorylation of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor 2B. Collectively, these findings indicate that striatal-enriched phosphatase 61 can disturb N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor transport and inhibit the progression of learning and study disturbances induced by Alzheimer's disease. Thus, al-enriched phosphatase 61 may represent a new target for inhibiting the progression of Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zhang
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Drug Basic Research, Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou 121001, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Yunpeng Cao
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, Liaoning Province, China
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Basi GS, Feinberg H, Oshidari F, Anderson J, Barbour R, Baker J, Comery TA, Diep L, Gill D, Johnson-Wood K, Goel A, Grantcharova K, Lee M, Li J, Partridge A, Griswold-Prenner I, Piot N, Walker D, Widom A, Pangalos MN, Seubert P, Jacobsen JS, Schenk D, Weis WI. Structural correlates of antibodies associated with acute reversal of amyloid beta-related behavioral deficits in a mouse model of Alzheimer disease. J Biol Chem 2010; 285:3417-27. [PMID: 19923222 PMCID: PMC2823416 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m109.045187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2009] [Revised: 10/02/2009] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy targeting of amyloid beta (Abeta) peptide in transgenic mouse models of Alzheimer disease (AD) has been widely demonstrated to resolve amyloid deposition as well as associated neuronal, glial, and inflammatory pathologies. These successes have provided the basis for ongoing clinical trials of immunotherapy for treatment of AD in humans. Acute as well as chronic Abeta-targeted immunotherapy has also been demonstrated to reverse Abeta-related behavioral deficits assessing memory in AD transgenic mouse models. We observe that three antibodies targeting the same linear epitope of Abeta, Abeta(3-7), differ in their ability to reverse contextual fear deficits in Tg2576 mice in an acute testing paradigm. Reversal of contextual fear deficit by the antibodies does not correlate with in vitro recognition of Abeta in a consistent or correlative manner. To better define differences in antigen recognition at the atomic level, we determined crystal structures of Fab fragments in complex with Abeta. The conformation of the Abeta peptide recognized by all three antibodies was highly related and is also remarkably similar to that observed in independently reported Abeta:antibody crystal structures. Sequence and structural differences between the antibodies, particularly in CDR3 of the heavy chain variable region, are proposed to account for differing in vivo properties of the antibodies under study. These findings provide a structural basis for immunotherapeutic strategies targeting Abeta species postulated to underlie cognitive deficits in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guriqbal S Basi
- Elan Pharmaceuticals, Incorporated, South San Francisco, California 94080, USA.
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