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Siwecka N, Saramowicz K, Galita G, Rozpędek-Kamińska W, Majsterek I. Inhibition of Protein Aggregation and Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress as a Targeted Therapy for α-Synucleinopathy. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2051. [PMID: 37631265 PMCID: PMC10459316 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15082051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
α-synuclein (α-syn) is an intrinsically disordered protein abundant in the central nervous system. Physiologically, the protein regulates vesicle trafficking and neurotransmitter release in the presynaptic terminals. Pathologies related to misfolding and aggregation of α-syn are referred to as α-synucleinopathies, and they constitute a frequent cause of neurodegeneration. The most common α-synucleinopathy, Parkinson's disease (PD), is caused by abnormal accumulation of α-syn in the dopaminergic neurons of the midbrain. This results in protein overload, activation of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and, ultimately, neural cell apoptosis and neurodegeneration. To date, the available treatment options for PD are only symptomatic and rely on dopamine replacement therapy or palliative surgery. As the prevalence of PD has skyrocketed in recent years, there is a pending issue for development of new disease-modifying strategies. These include anti-aggregative agents that target α-syn directly (gene therapy, small molecules and immunization), indirectly (modulators of ER stress, oxidative stress and clearance pathways) or combine both actions (natural compounds). Herein, we provide an overview on the characteristic features of the structure and pathogenic mechanisms of α-syn that could be targeted with novel molecular-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Ireneusz Majsterek
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, 92-215 Lodz, Poland; (N.S.); (K.S.); (G.G.); (W.R.-K.)
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Silva RC, Domingues HS, Salgado AJ, Teixeira FG. From regenerative strategies to pharmacological approaches: can we fine-tune treatment for Parkinson's disease? Neural Regen Res 2021; 17:933-936. [PMID: 34558504 PMCID: PMC8552835 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.324827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease is the second most prevalent neurodegenerative disorder worldwide. Clinically, it is characterized by severe motor complications caused by progressive degeneration of dopaminergic neurons. Current treatment is focused on mitigating the symptoms through the administration of levodopa, rather than on preventing dopaminergic neuronal damage. Therefore, the use and development of neuroprotective/disease-modifying strategies is an absolute need that can lead to promising gains on translational research of Parkinson's disease. For instance, N-acetylcysteine, a natural compound with strong antioxidant effects, has been shown to modulate oxidative stress, preventing dopamine-induced cell death. Despite the evidence of neuroprotective and modulatory effects of this drug, as far as we know, it does not induce per se any regenerative process. Therefore, it would be of interest to combine the latter with innovative therapies that induce dopaminergic neurons repair or even differentiation, as stem cell-based strategies. Stem cells secretome has been proposed as a promising therapeutic approach for Parkinson's disease, given its ability to modulate cell viability/preservation of dopaminergic neurons. Such approach represents a shift in the paradigm, showing that cell-transplantation free therapies based on the use of stem cells secretome may represent a potential alternative for regenerative medicine of Parkinson's disease. Thus, in this review, we address the current understanding of the potential combination of stem cell free-based strategies and neuroprotective/disease-modifying strategies as a new paradigm for the treatment of central nervous system neurodegenerative diseases, like Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Caridade Silva
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga; ICVS/3B's Associate Lab, PT Government Associated Lab, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Helena Sofia Domingues
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga; ICVS/3B's Associate Lab, PT Government Associated Lab, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - António J Salgado
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga; ICVS/3B's Associate Lab, PT Government Associated Lab, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Fábio G Teixeira
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga; ICVS/3B's Associate Lab, PT Government Associated Lab, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
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Rosenthal LS, Drake D, Alcalay RN, Babcock D, Bowman FD, Chen-Plotkin A, Dawson TM, Dewey RB, German D, Huang X, Landin B, McAuliffe M, Petyuk VA, Scherzer CR, St Hillaire-Clarke C, Sieber BA, Sutherland M, Tarn C, West A, Vaillancourt D, Zhang J, Gwinn K. The NINDS Parkinson's disease biomarkers program. Mov Disord 2016; 31:915-23. [PMID: 26442452 PMCID: PMC4824671 DOI: 10.1002/mds.26438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2015] [Revised: 08/11/2015] [Accepted: 08/16/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuroprotection for Parkinson's disease (PD) remains elusive. Biomarkers hold the promise of removing roadblocks to therapy development. The National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke has therefore established the Parkinson's Disease Biomarkers Program to promote discovery of PD biomarkers for use in phase II and III clinical trials. METHODS Using a novel consortium design, the Parkinson's Disease Biomarker Program is focused on the development of clinical and laboratory-based biomarkers for PD diagnosis, progression, and prognosis. Standardized operating procedures and pooled reference samples were created to allow cross-project comparisons and assessment of batch effects. A web-based Data Management Resource facilitates rapid sharing of data and biosamples across the research community for additional biomarker projects. RESULTS Eleven consortium projects are ongoing, seven of which recruit participants and obtain biosamples. As of October 2014, 1,082 participants have enrolled (620 PD, 101 with other causes of parkinsonism, 23 essential tremor, and 338 controls), 1,040 of whom have at least one biosample. Six thousand eight hundred ninety-eight total biosamples are available from baseline, 6-, 12-, and 18-month visits: 1,006 DNA, 1,661 RNA, 1,419 whole blood, 1,382 plasma, 1,200 serum, and 230 cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Quality control analysis of plasma, serum, and CSF samples indicates that almost all samples are high quality (24 of 2,812 samples exceed acceptable hemoglobin levels). CONCLUSIONS By making samples and data widely available, using stringent operating procedures based on existing standards, hypothesis testing for biomarker discovery, and providing a resource that complements existing programs, the Parkinson's Disease Biomarker Program will accelerate the pace of PD biomarker research. © 2015 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liana S. Rosenthal
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore MD
| | - Daniel Drake
- Department of Biostatistics, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Roy N. Alcalay
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Debra Babcock
- National Institute of Neurological Diseases and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - F. DuBois Bowman
- Department of Biostatistics, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | | | - Ted M. Dawson
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore MD
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Richard B. Dewey
- Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas TX
| | - Dwight German
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas TX
| | - Xuemei Huang
- Department of Neurology, Penn State Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA
| | - Barry Landin
- Center for Information Technology, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Matthew McAuliffe
- Center for Information Technology, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Vladislav A. Petyuk
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA
| | - Clemens R. Scherzer
- Department of Neurology, Brigham & Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA
| | | | - Beth-Anne Sieber
- National Institute of Neurological Diseases and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Margaret Sutherland
- National Institute of Neurological Diseases and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Chi Tarn
- Coriell Institute for Medical Research, Camden, NJ
| | - Andrew West
- Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - David Vaillancourt
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Katrina Gwinn
- National Institute of Neurological Diseases and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
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