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Fan CY, Ye FH, Peng M, Dong JJ, Chai WW, Deng WJ, Zhang H, Yang LC. Endogenous HMGB1 regulates GSDME-mediated pyroptosis via ROS/ERK1/2/caspase-3/GSDME signaling in neuroblastoma. Am J Cancer Res 2023; 13:436-451. [PMID: 36895972 PMCID: PMC9989614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Pyroptosis, a newly discovered mode of programmed cell death (PCD), is important in the regulation of cancer development. High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is a non-histone nuclear protein that is closely related to tumor development and chemotherapy resistance. However, whether endogenous HMGB1 regulates pyroptosis in neuroblastoma remains unknown. Here, we showed that HMGB1 showed ubiquitous higher expression in SH-SY5Y cells and clinical tumors, and was positively correlated with the risk factors of patients with neuroblastoma. Knockdown of GSDME or pharmacological inhibition of caspase-3 blocked pyroptosis and cytosolic translocation of HMGB1. Moreover, knockdown of HMGB1 inhibited cisplatin (DDP) or etoposide (VP16)-induced pyroptosis by decreasing GSDME-NT and cleaved caspase-3 expression, resulting in cell blebbing and LDH release. Knockdown of HMGB1 expression increased the sensitivity of SH-SY5Y cells to chemotherapy and switched pyroptosis to apoptosis. Furthermore, the ROS/ERK1/2/caspase-3/GSDME pathway was found to be functionally connected with DDP or VP16-induced pyroptosis. Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2, a ROS agonist) and EGF (an ERK agonist) promoted the cleavage of GSDME and caspase-3 in DDP or VP16 treatment cells, both of which were inhibited by HMGB1 knockdown. Importantly, these data were further supported by the in vivo experiment. Our study suggests that HMGB1 is a novel regulator of pyroptosis via the ROS/ERK1/2/caspase-3/GSDME pathway and a potential drug target for therapeutic interventions in neuroblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Ying Fan
- Department of Pediatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University Changsha 410008, Hunan, The People's Republic of China
| | - Fang-Hua Ye
- Department of Pediatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University Changsha 410008, Hunan, The People's Republic of China
| | - Min Peng
- Department of Pediatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University Changsha 410008, Hunan, The People's Republic of China
| | - Jia-Jia Dong
- Department of Pediatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University Changsha 410008, Hunan, The People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Wen Chai
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Hunan Cancer Hospital/The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University Changsha 410008, Hunan, The People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Jun Deng
- Department of Pediatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University Changsha 410008, Hunan, The People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University Changsha 410008, Hunan, The People's Republic of China
| | - Liang-Chun Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University Changsha 410008, Hunan, The People's Republic of China
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Zhang W, Han Q, Ding Y, Zhou H, Chen Z, Wang J, Xiang J, Song Z, Abbas M, Shi L. Bcl6 drives stem-like memory macrophages differentiation to foster tumor progression. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 80:14. [PMID: 36542153 PMCID: PMC9771855 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04660-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Cancer development is a long-lasting process during which macrophages play a pivotal role. However, how macrophages maintain their cellular identity, persistence, expanding and pro-tumor property during malignant progression remains elusive. Inspired by the recent report of the activation of stem cell-like self-renewal mechanism in mature macrophages, we postulate that intra-tumoral macrophages might be trained to assume stem-like properties and memory-like activity favoring cancer development. Herein we demonstrated that tumor infiltrating macrophages rapidly converted into the CD11b+F4/80+Ly6C-Bcl6+ phenotype, and adopted stem cell-like properties involving expression of stemness-related genes, long-term persistence and self-renewing. Importantly, Bcl6+ macrophages stably maintained cell identity, gene signature, metabolic profile, and pro-tumor property even after long-term culture in tumor-free medium, which were hence termed stem cell-like memory macrophages (SMMs). Mechanistically, we showed that transcriptional factor Bcl6 co-opted the demethylase Tet2 and the deacetylase SIRT1 to confer the epigenetic imprinting and mitochondrial metabolic traits to SMMs, bolstering the stability and longevity of trained immunity in tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs). Furthermore, tumor-derived redHMGB1 was identified as the priming signal, which, through TLR4 and mTOR/AKT pathway, induced Bcl6-driven program underpinning SMMs generation. Collectively, our study uncovers a distinct macrophage population with a hybrid of stem cell and memory cell properties, and unveils a regulatory mechanism that integrates transcriptional, epigenetic and metabolic pathways to promote long-lasting pro-tumor immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Zhang
- School of Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qin Han
- School of Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yina Ding
- Institute of Cancer and Basic Medicine (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Hangzhou, 310022, Zhejiang, China
- Key Lab of Inflammation and Immunoregulation, Hangzhou Normal University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310012, Zhejiang, China
| | - Huihui Zhou
- School of Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhipeng Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Jingjing Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Jiaxin Xiang
- School of Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhengbo Song
- Institute of Cancer and Basic Medicine (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Hangzhou, 310022, Zhejiang, China
| | - Muhammad Abbas
- Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Islamabad, Pakistan
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou, 310022, China
| | - Liyun Shi
- School of Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, China.
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou, 310022, China.
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Horvath C, Kararigas G. Sex-Dependent Mechanisms of Cell Death Modalities in Cardiovascular Disease. Can J Cardiol 2022; 38:1844-1853. [PMID: 36152770 DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2022.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite currently available therapies, cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are among the leading causes of death globally. Biological sex is a critical determinant of the occurrence, progression and overall outcome of CVD. However, the underlying mechanisms are incompletely understood. A hallmark of CVD is cell death. Based on the inability of the human heart to regenerate, loss of functional cardiac tissue can lead to irreversible detrimental effects. Here, we summarize current knowledge on how biological sex affects cell death-related mechanisms in CVD. Initially, we discuss apoptosis and necrosis, but we specifically focus on the relatively newly recognized programmed necrosis-like processes: pyroptosis and necroptosis. We also discuss the role of 17β-estradiol (E2) in these processes, particularly in terms of inhibiting pyroptotic and necroptotic signaling. We put forward that a better understanding of the effects of biological sex and E2 might lead to the identification of novel targets with therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Csaba Horvath
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Georgios Kararigas
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavík, Iceland.
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Hepatic HRC induces hepatocyte pyroptosis and HSCs activation via NLRP3/caspase-1 pathway. J Mol Med (Berl) 2022; 100:1787-1799. [PMID: 36371595 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-022-02270-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The histidine-rich calcium-binding protein (HRC) is a regulator of Ca2 + homeostasis and it plays a significant role in liver fibrosis. Pyroptosis, a specific inflammatory cell death, can lead to hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) activation and liver fibrosis. However, the role of HRC in pyroptosis has not been explored. In this study, we demonstrated that HRC, mainly located in the hepatocyte, was over expressed in fibrotic liver tissues. We further found that enforced expression of HRC in hepatocytes induced pyroptosis and HMGB1 release, and subsequently led to HSCs activation by NLRP3/caspase-1 pathway. In addition, the proliferation and migration of HSCs were also enhanced by HRC overexpression in hepatocytes. Furthermore, NLRP3 inhibitor MCC950 and caspase-1 inhibitor VX-765 alleviated hepatic HRC-mediated hepatocytes pyroptosis and HSCs activation. This study demonstrated that hepatic HRC promoted HSCs activation by inducing hepatocyte pyroptosis, which suggests that HRC may be a promising therapeutic target to prevent liver fibrosis.
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Jing G, Zuo J, Fang Q, Yuan M, Xia Y, Jin Q, Liu Y, Wang Y, Zhang Z, Liu W, Wu X, Song X. Erbin protects against sepsis-associated encephalopathy by attenuating microglia pyroptosis via IRE1α/Xbp1s-Ca 2+ axis. J Neuroinflammation 2022; 19:237. [PMID: 36171629 PMCID: PMC9520943 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-022-02598-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Microglia pyroptosis-mediated neuroinflammation is thought to be the crucial pathogenesis of sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE). Erbin has been reported to be associated with various inflammatory diseases. However, the role of Erbin in SAE and the relationship between Erbin and microglia pyroptosis are unknown. In this study, we investigated the promising role and underlying molecular mechanism of Erbin in the regulation of microglia pyroptosis. Methods WT and Erbin knockout mice underwent cecum ligation perforation (CLP) to induce SAE. Primary mouse microglia and BV2 cells were treated with LPS/nigericin in vitro. Behavioral tests were performed to evaluate cognitive function. Nissl staining and transmission electron microscopy were used to assess histological and structural lesions. ELISA and qPCR were carried out to detect neuroinflammation. Western blot and immunofluorescence were used to analyze protein expression. Flow cytometry and confocal microscopy were utilized to observe the Ca2+ changes in the cytoplasm and endoplasmic reticulum (ER). To further explore the underlying mechanism, STF083010 was administered to block the IRE1α/Xbp1s pathway. Results Erbin deletion resulted in more pronounced neuronal damage and cognitive impairment in mice that underwent CLP. Erbin knockout promoted microglial pyroptosis and inflammatory cytokines secretion in vivo and in vitro, which was mediated by activation of the IRE1α/Xbp1s. Treatment with the selective inhibitor STF083010 significantly inhibited IRE1α/Xbp1s pathway activity, decreased intracytoplasmic Ca2+, attenuated microglial pyroptosis, reduced pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion, lessened neuronal damage, and improved cognitive function. Conclusions In SAE, Erbin inhibits IRE1/Xbp1s pathway activity and reduces the ER Ca2+ influx to the cytoplasm, reducing microglial pyroptosis. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12974-022-02598-5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoqing Jing
- Research Centre of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jing Zuo
- Research Centre of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Qing Fang
- Research Centre of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Min Yuan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yun Xia
- Research Centre of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Qiyan Jin
- Research Centre of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yuping Liu
- Research Centre of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yanlin Wang
- Research Centre of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Zongze Zhang
- Research Centre of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Wanhong Liu
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
| | - Xiaojing Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
| | - Xuemin Song
- Research Centre of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
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Ye X, Zhang P, Zhang Y, Luan J, Xu C, Wu Z, Ju D, Hu W. GSDMD contributes to myocardial reperfusion injury by regulating pyroptosis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:893914. [PMID: 36217543 PMCID: PMC9546776 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.893914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundGasdermin D (GSDMD) plays an essential role in the pathway of pyroptosis. However, whether GSDMD participates in myocardial ischaemia/reperfusion injury (MI/RI) remains poorly understood.MethodsSerum levels of GSDMD and IL-18 in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients were measured by ELISA. The expression of GSDMD and GSDMD N-terminal (GSDMD-NT) in vivo and in vitro was assessed by western blot and immunofluorescence staining. GSDMD-/- mice and wild type (WT) mice were induced MI/RI, followed by cardiac ultrasound and histological analysis.ResultsClinically, patients suffering from STEMI after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) exhibited higher levels of GSDMD and IL-18 than that in the controls. In vitro, the cleavage of GSDMD was significantly upregulated in macrophages exposed to hypoxia/reoxygenation or H2O2. In vivo, the levels of GSDMD and GSDMD-NT increased notably after MI/RI, especially in macrophages infiltrating in the infarct area. Moreover, compared with WT mice, GSDMD-/- mice showed reduced infarct size (25.45 ± 3.07% versus 36.47 ± 3.72%), improved left ventricular ejection fraction (37.71 ± 1.81% versus 29.44 ± 2.28%) and left ventricular fractional shortening (18.01 ± 0.97% versus 13.62 ± 1.15%) as well as attenuated pathological damage after I/R injury, along with reduced levels of proinflammatory cytokines and decreased infiltration of neutrophils.ConclusionsOur study revealed that GSDMD deficiency significantly alleviated the inflammatory response by regulating pyroptosis, reduced the infarct size and preserved cardiac function after MI/RI, thus providing a potential strategy for the treatment of myocardial reperfusion injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomiao Ye
- Department of Cardiology, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuting Zhang
- Department of Biological Medicines & Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Immunotherapeutics, Fudan University School of Pharmacy, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingyun Luan
- Department of Biological Medicines & Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Immunotherapeutics, Fudan University School of Pharmacy, Shanghai, China
| | - Caili Xu
- Department of Biological Medicines & Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Immunotherapeutics, Fudan University School of Pharmacy, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhengyu Wu
- TAU Cambridge Ltd, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Dianwen Ju
- Department of Biological Medicines & Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Immunotherapeutics, Fudan University School of Pharmacy, Shanghai, China
- Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Dianwen Ju, ; Wei Hu,
| | - Wei Hu
- Department of Cardiology, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Dianwen Ju, ; Wei Hu,
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Extracellular HMGB1 as Inflammatory Mediator in the Progression of Mycoplasma Gallisepticum Infection. Cells 2022; 11:cells11182817. [PMID: 36139393 PMCID: PMC9496866 DOI: 10.3390/cells11182817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
High-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), a member of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), is involved in the immune regulation of several infectious diseases. Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) infection is proved to cause an abnormal immune response, but the role of HMGB1 in MG-induced chronic respiratory disease (CRD) is unclear. In this study, we found that HMGB1 was released from the nucleus to the extracellular in macrophages upon infection with MG. Extracellular HMGB1 bound to TLR2 activating the NF-κB pathway triggering a severe inflammatory storm and promoting the progression of MG infection. More importantly, TLR4 could be activated by HMGB1 to trigger immune disorders after TLR2 was silenced. This disease process could be interrupted by ethyl pyruvate (EP) inhibition of HMGB1 release or glycyrrhizic acid (GA). Furthermore, treatment of MG-infected chickens with GA significantly alleviated immune organ damage. In conclusion, we demonstrate that HMGB1 is secreted extracellularly to form an inflammatory environment upon MG infection, triggering a further cellular inflammatory storm in a positive feedback approach. Blocking MG-induced HMGB1 release or suppression downstream of the HMGB1-TLR2/TLR4 axis may be a promising novel strategy for the treatment of CRD. Furthermore, this study may provide a theoretical reference for understanding non-LPS-activated TLR4 events.
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Wu L, Lu H, Pan Y, Liu C, Wang J, Chen B, Wang Y. The role of pyroptosis and its crosstalk with immune therapy in breast cancer. Front Immunol 2022; 13:973935. [PMID: 36119049 PMCID: PMC9477010 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.973935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Pyroptosis is a brand-new category of programmed cell death (PCD) that is brought on by multitudinous inflammasomes, which can recognize several stimuli to pilot the cleavage of and activate inflammatory cytokines like IL-18 and IL-1β is believed to have dual effects on the development of multiple cancers including breast cancer. However, pyroptosis has different effects on cancers depending on the type of tissues and their distinct heredity. Recently, the association between pyroptosis and breast cancer has received more and more attention, and it is thought that inducing pyroptosis could be used as a cancer treatment option. In addition, a great deal of evidence accumulating over the past decades has evinced the crosstalk between pyroptosis and tumor immunological therapy. Thus, a comprehensive summary combining the function of pyroptosis in breast cancer and antitumor immunity is imperative. We portray the prevalent knowledge of the multidimensional roles of pyroptosis in cancer and summarize the pyroptosis in breast cancer principally. Moreover, we elucidate the influence of inflammasomes and pyroptosis-produced cytokines on the tumor microenvironment (TME) of breast cancer. Taken together, we aim to provide a clue to harness pyroptosis rationally and apply it to augment immunotherapy efficiency for breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Wu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Taizhou Central Hospital (Taizhou Univesity Hospital), Taizhou, China
- Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Hongsheng Lu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Taizhou Central Hospital (Taizhou Univesity Hospital), Taizhou, China
| | - Yin Pan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Taizhou Central Hospital (Taizhou Univesity Hospital), Taizhou, China
| | - Chen Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Taizhou Central Hospital (Taizhou Univesity Hospital), Taizhou, China
| | - Jinyan Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Taizhou Central Hospital (Taizhou Univesity Hospital), Taizhou, China
| | - Baofu Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Taizhou Central Hospital (Taizhou Univesity Hospital), Taizhou, China
- *Correspondence: Baofu Chen, ; Yichao Wang,
| | - Yichao Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Taizhou Central Hospital (Taizhou Univesity Hospital), Taizhou, China
- *Correspondence: Baofu Chen, ; Yichao Wang,
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Nofi CP, Wang P, Aziz M. Chromatin-Associated Molecular Patterns (CAMPs) in sepsis. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:700. [PMID: 35961978 PMCID: PMC9372964 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-05155-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Several molecular patterns have been identified that recognize pattern recognition receptors. Pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) are commonly used terminologies to classify molecules originating from pathogen and endogenous molecules, respectively, to heighten the immune response in sepsis. Herein, we focus on a subgroup of endogenous molecules that may be detected as foreign and similarly trigger immune signaling pathways. These chromatin-associated molecules, i.e., chromatin containing nuclear DNA and histones, extracellular RNA, mitochondrial DNA, telomeric repeat-containing RNA, DNA- or RNA-binding proteins, and extracellular traps, may be newly classified as chromatin-associated molecular patterns (CAMPs). Herein, we review the release of CAMPs from cells, their mechanism of action and downstream immune signaling pathways, and targeted therapeutic approaches to mitigate inflammation and tissue injury in inflammation and sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colleen P. Nofi
- grid.250903.d0000 0000 9566 0634Center for Immunology and Inflammation, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY USA ,Elmezi Graduate School of Molecular Medicine, Manhasset, NY USA ,grid.512756.20000 0004 0370 4759Department of Surgery, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Manhasset, NY USA
| | - Ping Wang
- grid.250903.d0000 0000 9566 0634Center for Immunology and Inflammation, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY USA ,Elmezi Graduate School of Molecular Medicine, Manhasset, NY USA ,grid.512756.20000 0004 0370 4759Department of Surgery, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Manhasset, NY USA ,grid.512756.20000 0004 0370 4759Department of Molecular Medicine, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Manhasset, NY USA
| | - Monowar Aziz
- grid.250903.d0000 0000 9566 0634Center for Immunology and Inflammation, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY USA ,Elmezi Graduate School of Molecular Medicine, Manhasset, NY USA ,grid.512756.20000 0004 0370 4759Department of Surgery, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Manhasset, NY USA ,grid.512756.20000 0004 0370 4759Department of Molecular Medicine, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Manhasset, NY USA
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Verburg SG, Lelievre RM, Westerveld MJ, Inkol JM, Sun YL, Workenhe ST. Viral-mediated activation and inhibition of programmed cell death. PLoS Pathog 2022; 18:e1010718. [PMID: 35951530 PMCID: PMC9371342 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1010718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Viruses are ubiquitous intracellular genetic parasites that heavily rely on the infected cell to complete their replication life cycle. This dependency on the host machinery forces viruses to modulate a variety of cellular processes including cell survival and cell death. Viruses are known to activate and block almost all types of programmed cell death (PCD) known so far. Modulating PCD in infected hosts has a variety of direct and indirect effects on viral pathogenesis and antiviral immunity. The mechanisms leading to apoptosis following virus infection is widely studied, but several modalities of PCD, including necroptosis, pyroptosis, ferroptosis, and paraptosis, are relatively understudied. In this review, we cover the mechanisms by which viruses activate and inhibit PCDs and suggest perspectives on how these affect viral pathogenesis and immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shayla Grace Verburg
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada
| | | | | | - Jordon Marcus Inkol
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada
| | - Yi Lin Sun
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada
| | - Samuel Tekeste Workenhe
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada
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Jin J, Yuan P, Yu W, Lin J, Xu A, Xu X, Lou J, Yu T, Qian C, Liu B, Song J, Li L, Piao Y, Xie T, Shen Y, Tao H, Tang J. Mitochondria-Targeting Polymer Micelle of Dichloroacetate Induced Pyroptosis to Enhance Osteosarcoma Immunotherapy. ACS NANO 2022; 16:10327-10340. [PMID: 35737477 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c00192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Pyroptosis has been reported to improve the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment and may be a strategy to enhance osteosarcoma treatment. The extent to which modulation of mitochondria could induce tumor pyroptosis to enhance immunotherapy has not been characterized. We synthesized a mitochondria-targeting polymer micelle (OPDEA-PDCA), in which poly[2-(N-oxide-N,N-diethylamino)ethyl methacrylate] (OPDEA) was used to target mitochondria and the conjugated dichloroacetate (DCA) was used to inhibit pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 1 (PDHK1). This conjugate induced pyroptosis through initiation of mitochondrial oxidative stress. We found that OPDEA-PDCA targeted mitochondria and induced mitochondrial oxidative stress through the inhibition of PDHK1, resulting in immunogenic pyroptosis in osteosarcoma cell lines. Moreover, we showed that OPDEA-PDCA could induce secretion of soluble programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) molecule. Therefore, combined therapy with OPDEA-PDCA and an anti-PD-L1 monoclonal antibody significantly suppressed proliferation of osteosarcoma with prolonged T cell activation. This study provided a strategy to initiate pyroptosis through targeted modulation of mitochondria, which may promote enhanced antitumor efficacy in combination with immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiakang Jin
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, PR China
- Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Motor System Disease Research and Precision Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, PR China
| | - Pengcheng Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Smart Biomaterials of Zhejiang Province, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, PR China
- ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311215, PR China
| | - Wei Yu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, PR China
- Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Motor System Disease Research and Precision Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, PR China
| | - Jinti Lin
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, PR China
- Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Motor System Disease Research and Precision Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, PR China
| | - Ankai Xu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, PR China
- Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Motor System Disease Research and Precision Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, PR China
| | - Xiaodan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Smart Biomaterials of Zhejiang Province, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, PR China
- ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311215, PR China
| | - Jianan Lou
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, PR China
- Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Motor System Disease Research and Precision Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, PR China
| | - Tao Yu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, PR China
- Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Motor System Disease Research and Precision Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, PR China
| | - Chao Qian
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, PR China
- Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Motor System Disease Research and Precision Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, PR China
| | - Bing Liu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, PR China
| | - Jiashi Song
- Department of Orthopedics, Rongjun Hospital, 589 Zhonghuan Xi Lu, Jiaxing, Zhejiang 314000, PR China
| | - Lijun Li
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, PR China
- Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Motor System Disease Research and Precision Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, PR China
| | - Ying Piao
- Key Laboratory of Smart Biomaterials of Zhejiang Province, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, PR China
- ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311215, PR China
| | - Tao Xie
- Key Laboratory of Smart Biomaterials of Zhejiang Province, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, PR China
- ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311215, PR China
| | - Youqing Shen
- Key Laboratory of Smart Biomaterials of Zhejiang Province, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, PR China
- ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311215, PR China
| | - Huimin Tao
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, PR China
| | - Jianbin Tang
- Key Laboratory of Smart Biomaterials of Zhejiang Province, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, PR China
- ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311215, PR China
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Wang W, Zhang L, Sun Z. Eliciting pyroptosis to fuel cancer immunotherapy: mechanisms and strategies. Cancer Biol Med 2022; 19:j.issn.2095-3941.2022.0049. [PMID: 35856558 PMCID: PMC9334758 DOI: 10.20892/j.issn.2095-3941.2022.0049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy has recently shown promise in treating several malignancies. However, only a limited number of patients respond to this treatment, partially because of the "immune cold" condition of the tumor immune microenvironment. Pyroptosis is a type of gasdermin-mediated programmed cell death that often leads to inflammation and immune responses. Many studies on the mechanism and function of pyroptosis have led to increasing recognition of the role of pyroptosis in malignant progression and immune therapy. Pyroptosis has the potential to alter the tumor immune microenvironment by releasing tumor-associated antigens, damage-associated molecular patterns, and proinflammatory cytokines, thus leading to intratumoral inflammatory responses, stimulation of tumor-specific cytotoxic T cell infiltration, conversion of "cold" to "hot" tumors, and ultimately improving the efficacy of ICB therapy. Some cancer treatments have been shown to restore anticancer immunosurveillance through the induction of pyroptosis. Therapy promoting pyroptosis and ICB therapy may have synergistic effects in cancer treatment. This review summarizes the mechanisms and roles of pyroptosis in the tumor microenvironment and combination treatment strategies. An improved understanding of the roles of pyroptosis in tumorigenesis, immune evasion, and treatment would aid in the development of therapeutic strategies for malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wuyin Wang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Zhijun Sun
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial-Head Neck Oncology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China
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Lan J, Xu B, Shi X, Pan Q, Tao Q. WTAP-mediated N 6-methyladenosine modification of NLRP3 mRNA in kidney injury of diabetic nephropathy. Cell Mol Biol Lett 2022; 27:51. [PMID: 35761192 PMCID: PMC9235192 DOI: 10.1186/s11658-022-00350-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is prevalent in patients with diabetes. N6-methyladenosine (m6A) methylation has been found to cause modification of nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain, leucine-rich repeat, and pyrin domain-containing (NLRP) 3, which is involved in cell pyroptosis and inflammation. WTAP is a key gene in modulating NLRP3 m6A. Methods In this study, WTAP was silenced or overexpressed in high glucose (HG)-treated HK-2 cells to determine its influence on pyroptosis, NLRP3 inflammasome-related proteins, and the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines. NLRP3 expression and m6A levels were assessed in the presence of WTAP shRNA (shWTAP). WTAP expression in HK-2 cells was examined with the introduction of C646, a histone acetyltransferase p300 inhibitor. Results We found that WTAP expression was enhanced in patients with DN and in HG-treated HK-2 cells. Knockdown of WTAP attenuated HG-induced cell pyroptosis and NLRP3-related pro-inflammatory cytokines in both HK-2 cells and db/db mice, whereas WTAP overexpression promoted these cellular processes in HK-2 cells. WTAP mediated the m6A of NLRP3 mRNA that was stabilized by insulin-like growth factor 2 mRNA binding protein 1. Histone acetyltransferase p300 regulated WTAP expression. WTAP mRNA levels were positively correlated with NLRP3 inflammasome components and pro-inflammatory cytokines. Conclusion Taken together, WTAP promotes the m6A methylation of NLRP3 mRNA to upregulate NLRP3 inflammasome activation, which further induces cell pyroptosis and inflammation. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s11658-022-00350-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianzi Lan
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, No. 150, Jimo Road, Pudong District, Shanghai, 200120, China.
| | - Bowen Xu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, No. 150, Jimo Road, Pudong District, Shanghai, 200120, China
| | - Xin Shi
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, No. 150, Jimo Road, Pudong District, Shanghai, 200120, China
| | - Qi Pan
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, No. 150, Jimo Road, Pudong District, Shanghai, 200120, China
| | - Qing Tao
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, No. 150, Jimo Road, Pudong District, Shanghai, 200120, China
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You R, He X, Zeng Z, Zhan Y, Xiao Y, Xiao R. Pyroptosis and Its Role in Autoimmune Disease: A Potential Therapeutic Target. Front Immunol 2022; 13:841732. [PMID: 35693810 PMCID: PMC9174462 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.841732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Autoimmune diseases are a group of heterogeneous diseases with diverse clinical manifestations that can be divided into systemic and organ-specific. The common etiology of autoimmune diseases is the destruction of immune tolerance and the production of autoantibodies, which attack specific tissues and/or organs in the body. The pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases is complicated, and genetic, environmental, infectious, and even psychological factors work together to cause aberrant innate and adaptive immune responses. Although the exact mechanisms are unclear, recently, excessive exacerbation of pyroptosis, as a bond between innate and adaptive immunity, has been proven to play a crucial role in the development of autoimmune disease. Pyroptosis is characterized by pore formation on cell membranes, as well as cell rupture and the excretion of intracellular contents and pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-1β and IL-18. This overactive inflammatory programmed cell death disrupts immune system homeostasis and promotes autoimmunity. This review examines the molecular structure of classical inflammasomes, including NLRP3, AIM2, and P2X7-NLRP3, as the switches of pyroptosis, and their molecular regulation mechanisms. The sophisticated pyroptosis pathways, including the canonical caspase-1-mediated pathway, the noncanonical caspase-4/5/11-mediated pathway, the emerging caspase-3-mediated pathway, and the caspase-independent pathway, are also described. We highlight the recent advances in pyroptosis in autoimmune diseases, such as systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, Sjögren's syndrome and dermatomyositis, and attempt to identify its potential advantages as a therapeutic target or prognostic marker in these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruixuan You
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xinglan He
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhuotong Zeng
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yi Zhan
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yangfan Xiao
- Clinical Nursing Teaching and Research Section, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China.,Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Rong Xiao
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
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65
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Zhang S, Liang Y, Yao J, Li DF, Wang LS. Role of Pyroptosis in Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD): From Gasdermins to DAMPs. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:833588. [PMID: 35677444 PMCID: PMC9168461 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.833588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Pyroptosis is a pro-inflammatory cell death executed by gasdermin family proteins that involve the formation of pores on cells, recognition of danger signals, and release of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-18. Pyroptosis modulates mucosal innate immunity and enteropathogenic bacterial infection. Similarly, the gasdermin family has been reported to be involved in the defense of the intestinal epithelium against bacterial infection and in the regulation of intestinal inflammation. Pyroptosis initiates damage signals that activate multiple pathways to cause inflammation, which may be a potential cause of chronic intestinal inflammation. In this review, we discuss the impact of pyroptosis on inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), with a focus on the executive proteins of pyroptosis (GSDMB, GADMD, and GSDME) and IBD-related endogenous damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) produced by pyroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuxia Zhang
- School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen People Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | | | - Jun Yao
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Clinical Medicine College (Shenzhen People's Hospital), Jinan University, Shenzhen, China
| | - De-Feng Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Clinical Medicine College (Shenzhen People's Hospital), Jinan University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Li-Sheng Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Clinical Medicine College (Shenzhen People's Hospital), Jinan University, Shenzhen, China
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66
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Bittner ZA, Schrader M, George SE, Amann R. Pyroptosis and Its Role in SARS-CoV-2 Infection. Cells 2022; 11:cells11101717. [PMID: 35626754 PMCID: PMC9140030 DOI: 10.3390/cells11101717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The pore-forming inflammatory cell death pathway, pyroptosis, was first described in the early 1990s and its role in health and disease has been intensively studied since. The effector molecule GSDMD is cleaved by activated caspases, mainly Caspase 1 or 11 (Caspase 4/5 in humans), downstream of inflammasome formation. In this review, we describe the molecular events related to GSDMD-mediated pore formation. Furthermore, we summarize the so far elucidated ways of SARS-CoV-2 induced NLRP3 inflammasome formation leading to pyroptosis, which strongly contributes to COVID-19 pathology. We also explore the potential of NLRP3 and GSDMD inhibitors as therapeutics to counter excessive inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zsofia Agnes Bittner
- Department of Immunology, Interfaculty Institute for Cell Biology, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; (Z.A.B.); (S.E.G.)
| | - Markus Schrader
- Department of Radiooncology, Marienhospital Stuttgart, 70199 Stuttgart, Germany;
| | - Shilpa Elizabeth George
- Department of Immunology, Interfaculty Institute for Cell Biology, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; (Z.A.B.); (S.E.G.)
| | - Ralf Amann
- Department of Immunology, Interfaculty Institute for Cell Biology, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; (Z.A.B.); (S.E.G.)
- Correspondence:
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Hsu SK, Chu YH, Syue WJ, Lin HYH, Chang WT, Chen JYF, Wu CY, Yen CH, Cheng KC, Chiu CC. The Role of Nonapoptotic Programmed Cell Death — Ferroptosis, Necroptosis, and Pyroptosis — in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma Treatment. Front Oncol 2022; 12:872883. [PMID: 35664778 PMCID: PMC9160188 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.872883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is the most lethal cancer, with a dismal 5-year survival rate of less than 10%. It is estimated that approximately 80% of pancreatic ductal carcinoma (PDAC) patients are diagnosed at an advanced or metastatic stage. Hence, most patients are not appropriate candidates for surgical resection and therefore require systemic chemotherapy. However, it has been reported that most patients develop chemoresistance within several months, partly because of antiapoptotic mechanisms. Hence, inducing alternative programmed cell death (PCD), including ferroptosis, necroptosis or pyroptosis, seems to be a promising strategy to overcome antiapoptosis-mediated chemoresistance. In this review, we shed light on the molecular mechanisms of ferroptosis, necroptosis and pyroptosis and suggest several potential strategies (e.g., compounds and nanoparticles [NPs]) that are capable of triggering nonapoptotic PCD to suppress PDAC progression. In conclusion, these strategies might serve as adjuvants in combination with clinical first-line chemotherapies to improve patient survival rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Kai Hsu
- Department of Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hsuan Chu
- Department of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Wun-Jyun Syue
- Department of Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Hugo You-Hsien Lin
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Tsan Chang
- Division of General and Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Jeff Yi-Fu Chen
- Department of Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chang-Yi Wu
- Department of Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Biological Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hung Yen
- The Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Chun Cheng
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kaohsiung Municipal Siaogang Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- *Correspondence: Kai-Chun Cheng, ; Chien-Chih Chiu,
| | - Chien-Chih Chiu
- Department of Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Biological Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Center for Cancer Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- The Graduate Institute of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- *Correspondence: Kai-Chun Cheng, ; Chien-Chih Chiu,
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Liu Y, Yan H, Jia HB, Pan L, Liu JZ, Zhang YW, Wang J, Qin DG, Ma L, Wang T. Jiedu Huoxue Decoction for Cytokine Storm and Thrombosis in Severe COVID-19: A Combined Bioinformatics and Computational Chemistry Approach. Nat Prod Commun 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x221096966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Jiedu Huoxue Decoction (JHD), a recommended traditional prescription for patients with severe COVID-19, has appeared in the treatment protocols in China. Based on bioinformatics and computational chemistry methods, including molecular docking, molecular dynamics (MD) simulation, and Molecular Mechanics Generalized Born Surface Area (MM/GBSA) calculation, we aimed to reveal the mechanism of JHD in treating severe COVID-19. The compounds in JHD were obtained and screened on TCMSP, SwissADME, and ADMETLab platforms. The compound targets were obtained from TCMSP and STITCH, while COVID-19 targets were obtained from Genecards and NCBI. The protein-protein interaction network was constructed by using STRING. Gene Ontology (GO) and KEGG enrichment were performed with ClueGO and R language. AutoDock vina was employed for molecular docking. 100 ns MD simulation of the optimal docking complex was carried out with AmberTools 20. A total of 84 compounds and 29 potential targets of JHD for COVID-19 were collected. The key phytochemicals included quercetin, luteolin, β-sitosterol, puerarin, stigmasterol, kaempferol, and wogonin, which could regulate the immune system. The hub genes included IL6, IL10, VEGFA, IL1B, CCL2, HMOX1, DPP4, and ACE2. ACE2 and DPP4 were related to SARS-CoV-2 entering cells. GO and KEGG analysis showed that JHD could intervene in cytokine storm and endothelial proliferation and migration related to thrombosis. The molecular docking, 100 ns MD simulation, and MM/GBSA calculation confirmed that targets enriched in the COVID-19 pathway had high affinities with related compounds, and the conformations of the puerarin-ACE2, quercetin-EGFR, luteolin-EGFR, and quercetin-IL1B complexes were stable. In a word, JHD could treat COVID-19 by intervening in cytokine storm, thrombosis, and the entry of SARS-CoV-2, while regulating the immune system. These mechanisms were consistent with JHD's therapeutic concept of “detoxification” and “promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis” in treating COVID-19. The research provides a theoretical basis for the development and application of JHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Liu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Pediatrics of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine, Liaocheng People’s Hospital, Liaocheng, China
| | - Han Yan
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Pediatrics of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine, Liaocheng People’s Hospital, Liaocheng, China
| | - Hui-bin Jia
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Liaocheng People’s Hospital, Liaocheng, China
| | - Li Pan
- Department of Central Laboratory, Liaocheng People’s Hospital, Liaocheng, China
| | - Jia-zheng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory of Respiratory Infectious Disease, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Ya-wen Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Pediatrics of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine, Liaocheng People’s Hospital, Liaocheng, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Pediatrics of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine, Liaocheng People’s Hospital, Liaocheng, China
| | - Dao-gang Qin
- Department of Pediatrics, Liaocheng People’s Hospital, Liaocheng, China
| | - Lei Ma
- Department of Pediatrics, Liaocheng People’s Hospital, Liaocheng, China
| | - Ting Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Pediatrics of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine, Liaocheng People’s Hospital, Liaocheng, China
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Tan C, Reilly B, Jha A, Murao A, Lee Y, Brenner M, Aziz M, Wang P. Active Release of eCIRP via Gasdermin D Channels to Induce Inflammation in Sepsis. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2022; 208:2184-2195. [PMID: 35418465 PMCID: PMC9050887 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2101004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular cold-inducible RNA binding protein (eCIRP) is an inflammatory mediator that causes inflammation and tissue injury in sepsis. Gasdermin D (GSDMD) is a protein that, when cleaved, forms pores in the cell membrane, releasing intracellular contents into the extracellular milieu to exacerbate inflammation. We hypothesize that eCIRP is released actively from viable macrophages via GSDMD pores. We found that LPS induced eCIRP secretion from macrophages into the extracellular space. LPS significantly increased the expression of caspase-11 and cleavage of the GSDMD, as evidenced by increased N-terminal GSDMD expression in RAW 264.7 cells and mouse primary peritoneal macrophages. GSDMD inhibitor disulfiram decreased eCIRP release in vitro. Treatment with glycine to prevent pyroptosis-induced cell lysis did not significantly decrease eCIRP release from LPS-treated macrophages, indicating that eCIRP was actively released and was independent of pyroptosis. Downregulation of GSDMD gene expression by siRNA transfection suppressed eCIRP release in vitro after LPS stimulation. Moreover, GSDMD-/- peritoneal macrophages and mice had decreased levels of eCIRP in the culture supernatants and in blood treated with LPS in vitro and in vivo, respectively. GSDMD inhibitor disulfiram inhibited serum levels of eCIRP in endotoxemia and cecal ligation and puncture-induced sepsis. We conclude that eCIRP release from living macrophages is mediated through GSDMD pores, suggesting that targeting GSDMD could be a novel and potential therapeutic approach to inhibit eCIRP-mediated inflammation in sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuyi Tan
- Center for Immunology and Inflammation, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY
| | - Bridgette Reilly
- Center for Immunology and Inflammation, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY
| | - Alok Jha
- Center for Immunology and Inflammation, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY
| | - Atsushi Murao
- Center for Immunology and Inflammation, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY
| | - Yongchan Lee
- Center for Immunology and Inflammation, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY
| | - Max Brenner
- Center for Immunology and Inflammation, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Manhasset, NY; and
| | - Monowar Aziz
- Center for Immunology and Inflammation, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY; .,Department of Molecular Medicine, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Manhasset, NY; and.,Department of Surgery, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Manhasset, NY
| | - Ping Wang
- Center for Immunology and Inflammation, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY; .,Department of Molecular Medicine, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Manhasset, NY; and.,Department of Surgery, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Manhasset, NY
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70
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Unconventional secretion mediated by direct protein self-translocation across the plasma membranes of mammalian cells. Trends Biochem Sci 2022; 47:699-709. [PMID: 35490075 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2022.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, a surprisingly complex picture emerged about endoplasmic reticulum (ER)/Golgi-independent secretory pathways, and several routes have been discovered that differ with regard to their molecular mechanisms and machineries. Fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) is secreted by a pathway of unconventional protein secretion (UPS) that is based on direct self-translocation across the plasma membrane. Building on previous research, a component of this process has been identified to be glypican-1 (GPC1), a GPI-anchored heparan sulfate proteoglycan located on cell surfaces. These findings not only shed light on the molecular mechanism underlying this process but also reveal an intimate relationship between FGF2 and GPC1 that might be of critical relevance for the prominent roles they both have in tumor progression and metastasis.
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Li H, Cao Z, Wang L, Liu C, Lin H, Tang Y, Yao P. Macrophage Subsets and Death Are Responsible for Atherosclerotic Plaque Formation. Front Immunol 2022; 13:843712. [PMID: 35432323 PMCID: PMC9007036 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.843712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases, the notorious killer, are mainly caused by atherosclerosis (AS) characterized by lipids, cholesterol, and iron overload in plaques. Macrophages are effector cells and accumulate to the damaged and inflamed sites of arteries to internalize native and chemically modified lipoproteins to transform them into cholesterol-loaded foam cells. Foam cell formation is determined by the capacity of phagocytosis, migration, scavenging, and the features of phenotypes. Macrophages are diverse, and the subsets and functions are controlled by their surrounding microenvironment. Generally, macrophages are divided into classically activated (M1) and alternatively activated (M2). Recently, intraplaque macrophage phenotypes are recognized by the stimulation of CXCL4 (M4), oxidized phospholipids (Mox), hemoglobin/haptoglobin complexes [HA-mac/M(Hb)], and heme (Mhem). The pro-atherogenic or anti-atherosclerotic phenotypes of macrophages decide the progression of AS. Besides, apoptosis, necrosis, ferroptosis, autophagy and pyrotopsis determine plaque formation and cardiovascular vulnerability, which may be associated with macrophage polarization phenotypes. In this review, we first summarize the three most popular hypotheses for AS and find the common key factors for further discussion. Secondly, we discuss the factors affecting macrophage polarization and five types of macrophage death in AS progression, especially ferroptosis. A comprehensive understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms of plaque formation is conducive to disentangling the candidate targets of macrophage-targeting therapies for clinical intervention at various stages of AS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxia Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhiqiang Cao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Lili Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chang Liu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hongkun Lin
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuhan Tang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ping Yao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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72
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Bertheloot D, Wanderley CW, Schneider AH, Schiffelers LD, Wuerth JD, Tödtmann JM, Maasewerd S, Hawwari I, Duthie F, Rohland C, Ribeiro LS, Jenster LM, Rosero N, Tesfamariam YM, Cunha FQ, Schmidt FI, Franklin BS. Nanobodies dismantle post-pyroptotic ASC specks and counteract inflammation in vivo. EMBO Mol Med 2022; 14:e15415. [PMID: 35438238 PMCID: PMC9174887 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.202115415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammasomes sense intracellular clues of infection, damage, or metabolic imbalances. Activated inflammasome sensors polymerize the adaptor ASC into micron‐sized “specks” to maximize caspase‐1 activation and the maturation of IL‐1 cytokines. Caspase‐1 also drives pyroptosis, a lytic cell death characterized by leakage of intracellular content to the extracellular space. ASC specks are released among cytosolic content, and accumulate in tissues of patients with chronic inflammation. However, if extracellular ASC specks contribute to disease, or are merely inert remnants of cell death remains unknown. Here, we show that camelid‐derived nanobodies against ASC (VHHASC) target and disassemble post‐pyroptotic inflammasomes, neutralizing their prionoid, and inflammatory functions. Notably, pyroptosis‐driven membrane perforation and exposure of ASC specks to the extracellular environment allowed VHHASC to target inflammasomes while preserving pre‐pyroptotic IL‐1β release, essential to host defense. Systemically administrated mouse‐specific VHHASC attenuated inflammation and clinical gout, and antigen‐induced arthritis disease. Hence, VHHASC neutralized post‐pyroptotic inflammasomes revealing a previously unappreciated role for these complexes in disease. VHHASC are the first biologicals that disassemble pre‐formed inflammasomes while preserving their functions in host defense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damien Bertheloot
- Institute of Innate Immunity, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Carlos Ws Wanderley
- Center for Research in Inflammatory Diseases (CRID), Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ayda H Schneider
- Center for Research in Inflammatory Diseases (CRID), Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lisa Dj Schiffelers
- Institute of Innate Immunity, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jennifer D Wuerth
- Institute of Innate Immunity, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jan Mp Tödtmann
- Core Facility Nanobodies, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Salie Maasewerd
- Institute of Innate Immunity, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Ibrahim Hawwari
- Institute of Innate Immunity, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Fraser Duthie
- Institute of Innate Immunity, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Cornelia Rohland
- Institute of Innate Immunity, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Lucas S Ribeiro
- Institute of Innate Immunity, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Lea-Marie Jenster
- Institute of Innate Immunity, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Nathalia Rosero
- Institute of Innate Immunity, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Yonas M Tesfamariam
- Institute of Innate Immunity, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Fernando Q Cunha
- Center for Research in Inflammatory Diseases (CRID), Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Florian I Schmidt
- Institute of Innate Immunity, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,Core Facility Nanobodies, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Bernardo S Franklin
- Institute of Innate Immunity, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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73
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Fei L, Zhang N, Zhang J. Mechanism of miR-126 in hypoxia-reoxygenation-induced cardiomyocyte pyroptosis by regulating HMGB1 and NLRP3 inflammasome. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2022; 44:500-509. [PMID: 35297734 DOI: 10.1080/08923973.2022.2054819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Pyroptosis refers to the programmed cell death. This study evaluated the mechanism of miR-126 in hypoxia-reoxygenation (HR)-induced cardiomyocyte pyroptosis. METHODS The HR rat cardiomyocyte models were established. The cell viability, cytotoxicity, and levels of miR-126, pro-caspase-1 (p45), activated caspase-1 (p20/p10), caspase-11, gasdermin D (GSDMD), and GSDMD-N were detected. The cells were transfected with miR-126 mimics to verify the effect on rat cardiomyocyte pyroptosis, and added with HMGB1 inhibitor (Glycyrrhizin) or NLRP3 inhibitor (S3680) to explore the regulatory mechanisms on rat cardiomyocyte pyroptosis. The binding relationship of miR-126 and HMGB1 was explored. The regulatory effect of miR-126 and HMGB1 on HR-stimulated cardiomyocytes was verified through co-transfection with miR-126 mimics and pcDNA3.1-HMGB1. RESULTS HR treatment inhibited rat cardiomyocyte viability and increased cytotoxicity. After HR treatment, pro-caspase-1 (p45), activated caspase-1 (p20/p10), caspase-11, GSDMD, and GSDMD-N were elevated in rat cardiomyocytes, while miR-126 was evidently downregulated in rat cardiomyocytes. miR-126 overexpression, and inhibition of HMGB1 or NLRP3 partially reversed HR-induced rat cardiomyocyte cytotoxicity and pyroptosis. miR-126 targeted HMGB1 and HMGB1 overexpression partly reversed the inhibition of miR-126 overexpression on HR-induced cardiomyocyte pyroptosis. CONCLUSION miR-126 inhibits HMGB1/NLRP3 activity and the caspase-1/11 activation and reduces the GSDMD-N cleaved from GSDMD, ultimately inhibiting HR-induced cardiomyocyte pyroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Fei
- Department of Cardiovascular, Tian Jin Medical University, Chengdu Xinhua Hospital, Cheng Du, 610055, China
| | - Ning Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular, Chengdu Xinhua Hospital, Cheng Du, 610055, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular, Cang Zhou Central Hospital, Tian Jin Medical University, Cang Zhou, 061011, China
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74
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High Mobility Group Box 1: Biological Functions and Relevance in Oxidative Stress Related Chronic Diseases. Cells 2022; 11:cells11050849. [PMID: 35269471 PMCID: PMC8909428 DOI: 10.3390/cells11050849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
In the early 1970s, a group of non-histone nuclear proteins with high electrophoretic mobility was discovered and named high-mobility group (HMG) proteins. High-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is the most studied HMG protein that detects and coordinates cellular stress response. The biological function of HMGB1 depends on its subcellular localization and expression. It plays a critical role in the nucleus and cytoplasm as DNA chaperone, chromosome gatekeeper, autophagy maintainer, and protector from apoptotic cell death. HMGB1 also functions as an extracellular alarmin acting as a damage-associated molecular pattern molecule (DAMP). Recent findings describe HMGB1 as a sophisticated signal of danger, with a pleiotropic function, which is useful as a clinical biomarker for several disorders. HMGB1 has emerged as a mediator in acute and chronic inflammation. Furthermore, HMGB1 targeting can induce beneficial effects on oxidative stress related diseases. This review focus on HMGB1 redox status, localization, mechanisms of release, binding with receptors, and its activities in different oxidative stress-related chronic diseases. Since a growing number of reports show the key role of HMGB1 in socially relevant pathological conditions, to our knowledge, for the first time, here we analyze the scientific literature, evaluating the number of publications focusing on HMGB1 in humans and animal models, per year, from 2006 to 2021 and the number of records published, yearly, per disease and category (studies on humans and animal models).
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75
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Mechanistic Insights into Gasdermin Pore Formation and Regulation in Pyroptosis. J Mol Biol 2022; 434:167297. [PMID: 34627790 PMCID: PMC8844191 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2021.167297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The gasdermin family is a newly identified class of pore-forming proteins that play as the executioners of pyroptosis, a lytic pro-inflammatory type of cell death triggered by sensing cytosolic infections and danger signals. Upon activation, the gasdermin N-terminal domain translocates to the cell membrane to form pores, which allow the release of proinflammatory cytokines and alarmins, and cause cell lysis. Many structural studies have been conducted in the past few years to investigate the mechanisms of gasdermin proteins in the activation and pore formation. Here, we review these high-resolution structures and highlight the mechanistic insights into the gasdermin activation and regulation that are provided.
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76
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Foley A, Steinberg BE, Goldenberg NM. Inflammasome Activation in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 8:826557. [PMID: 35096915 PMCID: PMC8792742 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.826557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammasomes are multi-protein complexes that sense both infectious and sterile inflammatory stimuli, launching a cascade of responses to propagate danger signaling throughout an affected tissue. Recent studies have implicated inflammasome activation in a variety of pulmonary diseases, including pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Indeed, the end-products of inflammasome activation, including interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-18, and lytic cell death (“pyroptosis”) are all key biomarkers of PAH, and are potentially therapeutic targets for human disease. This review summarizes current knowledge of inflammasome activation in immune and vascular cells of the lung, with a focus on the role of these pathways in the pathogenesis of PAH. Special emphasis is placed on areas of potential drug development focused on inhibition of inflammasomes and their downstream effectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Foley
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Benjamin E Steinberg
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, The University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Neil M Goldenberg
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, The University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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77
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Chen R, Kang R, Tang D. The mechanism of HMGB1 secretion and release. Exp Mol Med 2022; 54:91-102. [PMID: 35217834 PMCID: PMC8894452 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-022-00736-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 238] [Impact Index Per Article: 119.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is a nonhistone nuclear protein that has multiple functions according to its subcellular location. In the nucleus, HMGB1 is a DNA chaperone that maintains the structure and function of chromosomes. In the cytoplasm, HMGB1 can promote autophagy by binding to BECN1 protein. After its active secretion or passive release, extracellular HMGB1 usually acts as a damage-associated molecular pattern (DAMP) molecule, regulating inflammation and immune responses through different receptors or direct uptake. The secretion and release of HMGB1 is fine-tuned by a variety of factors, including its posttranslational modification (e.g., acetylation, ADP-ribosylation, phosphorylation, and methylation) and the molecular machinery of cell death (e.g., apoptosis, pyroptosis, necroptosis, alkaliptosis, and ferroptosis). In this minireview, we introduce the basic structure and function of HMGB1 and focus on the regulatory mechanism of HMGB1 secretion and release. Understanding these topics may help us develop new HMGB1-targeted drugs for various conditions, especially inflammatory diseases and tissue damage. A nuclear protein that gets released after cell death or is actively secreted by immune cells offers a promising therapeutic target for treating diseases linked to excessive inflammation. Daolin Tang from the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center in Dallas, USA, and colleagues review how cellular stresses can trigger the accumulation of HMGB1, a type of alarm signal protein that promotes the recruitment and activation of inflammation-promoting immune cells. The researchers discuss various mechanisms that drive both passive and active release of HMGB1 into the space around cells. These processes, which include enzymatic modifications of the HMGB1 protein, cell–cell interactions and molecular pathways of cell death, could be targeted by drugs to lessen tissue damage and inflammatory disease caused by HMGB1-induced immune responses
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruochan Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China. .,Hunan Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China.
| | - Rui Kang
- Department of Surgery, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Daolin Tang
- Department of Surgery, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
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78
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Angosto-Bazarra D, Alarcón-Vila C, Hurtado-Navarro L, Baños MC, Rivers-Auty J, Pelegrín P. Evolutionary analyses of the gasdermin family suggest conserved roles in infection response despite loss of pore-forming functionality. BMC Biol 2022; 20:9. [PMID: 34996441 PMCID: PMC8742441 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-021-01220-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gasdermins are ancient (>500million-years-ago) proteins, constituting a family of pore-forming proteins that allow the release of intracellular content including proinflammatory cytokines. Despite their importance in the immune response, and although gasdermin and gasdermin-like genes have been identified across a wide range of animal and non-animal species, there is limited information about the evolutionary history of the gasdermin family, and their functional roles after infection. In this study, we assess the lytic functions of different gasdermins across Metazoa species, and use a mouse model of sepsis to evaluate the expression of the different gasdermins during infection. RESULTS We show that the majority of gasdermin family members from distantly related animal clades are pore-forming, in line with the function of the ancestral proto-gasdermin and gasdermin-like proteins of Bacteria. We demonstrate the first expansion of this family occurred through a duplication of the ancestral gasdermin gene which formed gasdermin E and pejvakin prior to the divergence of cartilaginous fish and bony fish ~475 mya. We show that pejvakin from cartilaginous fish and mammals lost the pore-forming functionality and thus its role in cell lysis. We describe that the pore-forming gasdermin A formed ~320 mya as a duplication of gasdermin E prior to the divergence of the Sauropsida clade (the ancestral lineage of reptiles, turtles, and birds) and the Synapsid clade (the ancestral lineage of mammals). We then demonstrate that the gasdermin A gene duplicated to form the rest of the gasdermin family including gasdermins B, C, and D: pore-forming proteins that present a high variation of the exons in the linker sequence, which in turn allows for diverse activation pathways. Finally, we describe expression of murine gasdermin family members in different tissues in a mouse sepsis model, indicating function during infection response. CONCLUSIONS In this study we explored the evolutionary history of the gasdermin proteins in animals and demonstrated that the pore-formation functionality has been conserved from the ancient proto-gasdermin protein. We also showed that one gasdermin family member, pejvakin, lost its pore-forming functionality, but that all gasdermin family members, including pejvakin, likely retained a role in inflammation and the physiological response to infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Angosto-Bazarra
- Línea de Inflamación Molecular, Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria IMIB-Arrixaca, Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, Carretera Buenavista s/n. 30120 El Palmar, Murcia, Spain
| | - Cristina Alarcón-Vila
- Línea de Inflamación Molecular, Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria IMIB-Arrixaca, Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, Carretera Buenavista s/n. 30120 El Palmar, Murcia, Spain
| | - Laura Hurtado-Navarro
- Línea de Inflamación Molecular, Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria IMIB-Arrixaca, Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, Carretera Buenavista s/n. 30120 El Palmar, Murcia, Spain
| | - María C Baños
- Línea de Inflamación Molecular, Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria IMIB-Arrixaca, Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, Carretera Buenavista s/n. 30120 El Palmar, Murcia, Spain
| | - Jack Rivers-Auty
- Tasmanian School of Medicine, University of Tasmania, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Pablo Pelegrín
- Línea de Inflamación Molecular, Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria IMIB-Arrixaca, Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, Carretera Buenavista s/n. 30120 El Palmar, Murcia, Spain. .,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology B and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Murcia, 30120, Murcia, Spain.
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79
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Alliin alleviates LPS-induced pyroptosis via promoting mitophagy in THP-1 macrophages and mice. Food Chem Toxicol 2022; 160:112811. [PMID: 34999177 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2022.112811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Pyroptosis is a new type of programmed cell death associated with inflammation. Excessive pyroptosis can cause body damage. Alliin is an organosulfur compound extracted from garlic, bearing anti-oxidation and anti-inflammatory properties. In this study, we revealed that alliin alleviated LPS-induced macrophage pyroptosis by detecting PI staining, IL-1β and IL-18 release in vitro and in vivo. In the study of mechanism, we found that alliin might reduce the activation of NLRP3 inflammosome by decreasing intracellular ROS generation. Subsequently, we detected the effect of alliin on mitophagy which degraded damaged mitochondria. The results showed that alliin promoted PINK 1/Parkin-mediated mitophagy. After adding the mitophagy inhibitor CsA, the alleviating effect of alliin on mitochondrial damage and mitochondrial ROS were reversed and the relieving effect of alliin on LPS-induced pyroptosis was inhibited. These results suggested that alliin might reduce intracellular ROS production by promoting mitophagy, thus alleviating LPS-induced macrophages pyroptosis. Our study provides a new perspective and theoretical basis for alliin to alleviate pyroptosis which could further induce body damage.
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80
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Wang S, Liu Y, Zhang L, Sun Z. Methods for monitoring cancer cell pyroptosis. Cancer Biol Med 2021; 19:j.issn.2095-3941.2021.0504. [PMID: 34931767 PMCID: PMC9088190 DOI: 10.20892/j.issn.2095-3941.2021.0504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Pyroptosis is a form of proinflammatory cell death that depends on the gasdermin family of proteins. The main features of pyroptosis are altered membrane permeability, cell swelling, membrane rupture, and the ability to mobilize a strong immune response. The relationship between pyroptosis and cancer has become a popular topic in immunological research. Multiple strategies for inducing pyroptosis in cancer cells have been developed for cancer therapy, including chemotherapy, small molecule drugs, and nanomedicines. In this review, we systematically discuss recent advances in research on the mechanisms of pyroptosis, and compare pyroptosis with apoptosis and necroptosis from several aspects. The development of various experimental systems has accompanied rapid progress in this field, but little consensus on monitoring pyroptosis is currently available. We focus on techniques commonly used to monitor pyroptosis, and describe future techniques that may be used to increase our knowledge in this field. Overall, the advancement of pyroptosis detection methods will help researchers to better investigate the relationships between pyroptosis and various cancers, and should provide insights into the use of these promising tools for cancer treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Wang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine, Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Yuantong Liu
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine, Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine, Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Zhijun Sun
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine, Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial-Head Neck Oncology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China
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81
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Liu L, Yang Y, Fang R, Zhu W, Wu J, Li X, Patankar JV, Li W. Giardia duodenalis and Its Secreted PPIB Trigger Inflammasome Activation and Pyroptosis in Macrophages through TLR4-Induced ROS Signaling and A20-Mediated NLRP3 Deubiquitination. Cells 2021; 10:cells10123425. [PMID: 34943932 PMCID: PMC8700504 DOI: 10.3390/cells10123425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The extracellular protozoan parasite Giardia duodenalis is a well-known and important causative agent of diarrhea on a global scale. Macrophage pyroptosis has been recognized as an important innate immune effector mechanism against intracellular pathogens. Yet, the effects of noninvasive Giardia infection on macrophage pyroptosis and the associated molecular triggers and regulators remain poorly defined. Here we initially observed that NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated pyroptosis was activated in Giardia-treated macrophages, and inhibition of ROS, NLRP3, or caspase-1 could block GSDMD cleavage, IL-1β, IL-18 and LDH release, and the cell viability reduction. We also confirmed that Giardia-induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation was involved in its K63 deubiquitination. Thus, six candidate deubiquitinases were screened, among which A20 was identified as an effective regulator. We then screened TLRs on macrophage membranes and found that upon stimulation TLR4 was tightly correlated to ROS enhancement, A20-mediated NLRP3 deubiquitination, and pyroptotic signaling. In addition, several Giardia-secreted proteins were predicted as trigger factors via secretome analysis, of which peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase B (PPIB) independently induced macrophage pyroptosis. This was similar to the findings from the trophozoite treatment, and also led to the TLR4-mediated activation of NLRP3 through K63 deubiquitination by A20. Collectively, the results of this study have significant implications for expanding our understanding of host defense mechanisms after infection with G. duodenalis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Liu
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (L.L.); (Y.Y.); (R.F.); (W.Z.); (J.W.); (X.L.)
| | - Yongwu Yang
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (L.L.); (Y.Y.); (R.F.); (W.Z.); (J.W.); (X.L.)
| | - Rui Fang
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (L.L.); (Y.Y.); (R.F.); (W.Z.); (J.W.); (X.L.)
| | - Weining Zhu
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (L.L.); (Y.Y.); (R.F.); (W.Z.); (J.W.); (X.L.)
| | - Jingxue Wu
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (L.L.); (Y.Y.); (R.F.); (W.Z.); (J.W.); (X.L.)
| | - Xiaoyun Li
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (L.L.); (Y.Y.); (R.F.); (W.Z.); (J.W.); (X.L.)
| | - Jay V. Patankar
- Department of Medicine 1, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91052 Erlangen, Germany;
| | - Wei Li
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (L.L.); (Y.Y.); (R.F.); (W.Z.); (J.W.); (X.L.)
- Correspondence: or
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82
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Abstract
Significance: Sepsis is defined as a life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by dysregulated host response to infection. This leads to an uncontrolled inflammatory response at the onset of infection, followed by immunosuppression. The development of a specific treatment modality for sepsis is still challenging, reflecting our inadequate understanding of its pathophysiology. Understanding the mechanism and transition of the early hyperinflammation to late stage of immunosuppression in sepsis is critical for developing sepsis therapeutics. Recent Advances: Damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) are intracellular molecules and released upon tissue injury and cell death in sepsis. DAMPs are recognized by pattern recognition receptors to initiate inflammatory cascades. DAMPs not only elicit an inflammatory response but also they subsequently induce immunosuppression, both are equally important for exacerbating sepsis. Recent advances on a new DAMP, extracellular cold-inducible RNA-binding protein for fueling inflammation and immunosuppression in sepsis, have added a new avenue into the dual functions of DAMPs in sepsis. Critical Issues: The molecular modification of DAMPs and their binding to pattern recognition receptors transit dynamically by the cellular environment in pathophysiologic conditions. Correlation between the dynamic changes of the impacts of DAMPs and the clinical outcomes in sepsis still lacks adequate understanding. Here, we focus on the impacts of DAMPs that cause inflammation as well as induce immunosuppression in sepsis. We further discuss the therapeutic potential by targeting DAMPs to attenuate inflammation and immunosuppression for mitigating sepsis. Future Directions: Uncovering pathways of the transition from inflammation to immunosuppression of DAMPs is a potential therapeutic avenue for mitigating sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mian Zhou
- Center for Immunology and Inflammation, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York, USA
| | - Monowar Aziz
- Center for Immunology and Inflammation, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York, USA
| | - Ping Wang
- Center for Immunology and Inflammation, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York, USA.,Departments of Surgery and Molecular Medicine, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Manhasset, New York, USA
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83
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Hou J, Hsu JM, Hung MC. Molecular mechanisms and functions of pyroptosis in inflammation and antitumor immunity. Mol Cell 2021; 81:4579-4590. [PMID: 34562371 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2021.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Revised: 07/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Canonically, gasdermin D (GSDMD) cleavage by caspase-1 through inflammasome signaling triggers immune cell pyroptosis (ICP) as a host defense against pathogen infection. However, cancer cell pyroptosis (CCP) was recently discovered to be activated by distinct molecular mechanisms in which GSDMB, GSDMC, and GSDME, rather than GSDMD, are the executioners. Moreover, instead of inflammatory caspases, apoptotic caspases and granzymes are required for gasdermin protein cleavage to induce CCP. Sufficient accumulation of protease-cleaved gasdermin proteins is the prerequisite for CCP. Inflammation induced by ICP or CCP results in diametrically opposite effects on antitumor immunity because of the differential duration and released cellular contents, leading to contrary effects on therapeutic outcomes. Here, we focus on the distinct mechanisms of ICP and CCP and discuss the roles of ICP and CCP in inflammation and antitumor immunity, representing actionable targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junwei Hou
- Xiangya Cancer Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Xiangya Road 87, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China; Otolaryngology Major Disease Research Key Laboratory of Hunan Province, Xiangya Road 87, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China; Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Xiangya Road 87, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China; Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Jung-Mao Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Research Center for Cancer Biology and Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Mien-Chie Hung
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Research Center for Cancer Biology and Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan.
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84
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Xu L, Huang H, Liu T, Yang T, Yi X. Exposure to X-rays Causes Depression-like Behaviors in Mice via HMGB1-mediated Pyroptosis. Neuroscience 2021; 481:99-110. [PMID: 34800578 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2021.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The widespread application of ionizing radiation in industrial and medical fields leads to the increased brain exposure to X-rays. Radiation brain injury (RBI) seriously affects health of patients by causing cognitive dysfunction and neuroinflammation. However, the link between X-ray exposure and depressive symptoms and their detailed underlying mechanisms have not been well studied. Herein, we investigated the potential depression-like behaviors in mice exposed to X-rays and then explored the role of HMGB1 in this injury. We found that X-ray stimulation induced the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the prefrontal cortex in a dose-dependent manner, leading to the occurrence of depression-like behaviors of the mice. Moreover, X-ray exposure increased the expression of HMGB1, activated NLRP3 inflammasome signaling pathway and microglial cells, and then facilitated the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, resulting in the pyroptosis and neuron loss both in vivo and in vitro. Additionally, glycyrrhizin (Gly), which is a HMGB1 inhibitor, reversed X-ray-induced behavioral changes and neuronal damage. Our findings indicated that HMGB1-mediated pyroptosis was involved in radiation-induced depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixing Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Inflammation and Molecular Drug Targets, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, China
| | - Haiqin Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Inflammation and Molecular Drug Targets, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, China
| | - Tianqing Liu
- NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Westmead, Australia
| | - Tao Yang
- Department of Radiotherapy, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, China.
| | - Xuan Yi
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Inflammation and Molecular Drug Targets, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, China.
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85
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Miao P, Ruiqing T, Yanrong L, Zhuwen S, Huan Y, Qiong W, Yongnian L, Chao S. Pyroptosis: A possible link between obesity-related inflammation and inflammatory diseases. J Cell Physiol 2021; 237:1245-1265. [PMID: 34751453 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The main manifestation of obesity is persistent low-level inflammation and insulin resistance, which is an important factor inducing or promoting other obesity-related diseases. As a proinflammatory programmed cell death, pyroptosis plays an important role, especially in the activation and regulation of the NLRP3 inflammasome pathway. Pyroptosis is associated with the pathogenesis of many chronic inflammatory diseases and is characterized by the formation of micropores in the plasma membrane and the release of a large number of proinflammatory cytokines. This article mainly introduces the main pathways and key molecules of pyroptosis and focuses on the phenomenon of pyroptosis in obesity. It is suggested that the regulation of pyroptosis-related targets may become a new potential therapy for the prevention and treatment of systemic inflammatory response caused by obesity, and we summarize the potential molecular substances that may be beneficial to obesity-related inflammatory diseases through target pyroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Miao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Tai Ruiqing
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Liu Yanrong
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Sun Zhuwen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yuan Huan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wu Qiong
- Medical College; Qinghai Health Development and Research Center, Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai, China
| | - Liu Yongnian
- Medical College; Qinghai Health Development and Research Center, Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai, China
| | - Sun Chao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
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86
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Wang C, Yang T, Xiao J, Xu C, Alippe Y, Sun K, Kanneganti TD, Monahan JB, Abu-Amer Y, Lieberman J, Mbalaviele G. NLRP3 inflammasome activation triggers gasdermin D-independent inflammation. Sci Immunol 2021; 6:eabj3859. [PMID: 34678046 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.abj3859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
[Figure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Wang
- Division of Bone and Mineral Diseases, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Tong Yang
- Division of Bone and Mineral Diseases, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.,Department of Spine Surgery, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jianqiu Xiao
- Division of Bone and Mineral Diseases, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Canxin Xu
- Aclaris Therapeutics Inc., St. Louis, MO 63108, USA
| | - Yael Alippe
- Division of Bone and Mineral Diseases, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Kai Sun
- Division of Bone and Mineral Diseases, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.,Department of Spine Surgery, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | | | | | - Yousef Abu-Amer
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.,Shriners Hospital for Children, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Judy Lieberman
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital and Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - Gabriel Mbalaviele
- Division of Bone and Mineral Diseases, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
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87
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Endogenous Regulation and Pharmacological Modulation of Sepsis-Induced HMGB1 Release and Action: An Updated Review. Cells 2021; 10:cells10092220. [PMID: 34571869 PMCID: PMC8469563 DOI: 10.3390/cells10092220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis remains a common cause of death in intensive care units, accounting for approximately 20% of total deaths worldwide. Its pathogenesis is partly attributable to dysregulated inflammatory responses to bacterial endotoxins (such as lipopolysaccharide, LPS), which stimulate innate immune cells to sequentially release early cytokines (such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and interferons (IFNs)) and late mediators (such as high-mobility group box 1, HMGB1). Despite difficulties in translating mechanistic insights into effective therapies, an improved understanding of the complex mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of sepsis is still urgently needed. Here, we review recent progress in elucidating the intricate mechanisms underlying the regulation of HMGB1 release and action, and propose a few potential therapeutic candidates for future clinical investigations.
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88
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Hsu SK, Li CY, Lin IL, Syue WJ, Chen YF, Cheng KC, Teng YN, Lin YH, Yen CH, Chiu CC. Inflammation-related pyroptosis, a novel programmed cell death pathway, and its crosstalk with immune therapy in cancer treatment. Theranostics 2021; 11:8813-8835. [PMID: 34522213 PMCID: PMC8419056 DOI: 10.7150/thno.62521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 60.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent decades, chemotherapies targeting apoptosis have emerged and demonstrated remarkable achievements. However, emerging evidence has shown that chemoresistance is mediated by impairing or bypassing apoptotic cell death. Several novel types of programmed cell death, such as ferroptosis, necroptosis, and pyroptosis, have recently been reported to play significant roles in the modulation of cancer progression and are considered a promising strategy for cancer treatment. Thus, the switch between apoptosis and pyroptosis is also discussed. Cancer immunotherapy has gained increasing attention due to breakthroughs in immune checkpoint inhibitors; moreover, ferroptosis, necroptosis, and pyroptosis are highly correlated with the modulation of immunity in the tumor microenvironment. Compared with necroptosis and ferroptosis, pyroptosis is the primary mechanism for host defense and is crucial for bridging innate and adaptive immunity. Furthermore, recent evidence has demonstrated that pyroptosis exerts benefits on cancer immunotherapies, including immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) and chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy (CAR-T). Hence, in this review, we elucidate the role of pyroptosis in cancer progression and the modulation of immunity. We also summarize the potential small molecules and nanomaterials that target pyroptotic cell death mechanisms and their therapeutic effects on cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Kai Hsu
- Department of Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Yang Li
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - I-Ling Lin
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Wun-Jyun Syue
- Department of Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Yih-Fung Chen
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Chun Cheng
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kaohsiung Municipal Hsiaokang Hospital, Kaohsiung 812, Taiwan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Ni Teng
- Department of Biological Sciences and Technology, National University of Tainan, Tainan 700, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hsiung Lin
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital
- Center for Lipid Biosciences, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Lipid Science and Aging Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hung Yen
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Chih Chiu
- Department of Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Department of Biological Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
- Center for Cancer Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
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89
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Wu D, Wei C, Li Y, Yang X, Zhou S. Pyroptosis, a New Breakthrough in Cancer Treatment. Front Oncol 2021; 11:698811. [PMID: 34381721 PMCID: PMC8350724 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.698811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The way of cell death can be roughly divided into two categories: cell necrosis and PCD(programmed cell death). Pyroptosis is a kind of PCD, its occurrence depends on the gasdermin protein family and it will produce inflammatory response. With constant research in recent years, more and more evidences show that pyroptosis is closely related to the occurrence and development of tumors. The treatment of tumors is a big problem worldwide. We focus on whether we can discover new potential tumor markers and new therapeutic targets from the mechanism. If we can understand the mechanism of pyroptosis and clear the relationship between pyroptosis and the development of tumors, this may provide a new reference for clinical cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dengqiang Wu
- National Center for International Research of Bio-targeting Theranostics, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bio-targeting Theranostics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Targeting Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangxi Talent Highland of Bio-targeting Theranostics, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Changhong Wei
- National Center for International Research of Bio-targeting Theranostics, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bio-targeting Theranostics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Targeting Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangxi Talent Highland of Bio-targeting Theranostics, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Yujie Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Pre-Clinical Science, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Xuejia Yang
- National Center for International Research of Bio-targeting Theranostics, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bio-targeting Theranostics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Targeting Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangxi Talent Highland of Bio-targeting Theranostics, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Sufang Zhou
- National Center for International Research of Bio-targeting Theranostics, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bio-targeting Theranostics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Targeting Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangxi Talent Highland of Bio-targeting Theranostics, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Pre-Clinical Science, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
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90
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Banstola A, Poudel K, Kim JO, Jeong JH, Yook S. Recent progress in stimuli-responsive nanosystems for inducing immunogenic cell death. J Control Release 2021; 337:505-520. [PMID: 34314800 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2021.07.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Low immunogenicity and immunosuppressive tumor microenvironments are major hurdles in the application of cancer immunotherapy. To date, several immunogenic cell death (ICD) inducers have been reported to boost cancer immunotherapy by triggering ICD. ICD is characterized by the release of proinflammatory cytokines, danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) and tumor associated antigens which will generate anticancer immunity by triggering adaptive immune cells. However, application of ICD inducers is limited due to severe toxicity issues and inefficient localization in the tumor microenvironment. To circumvent these challenges, stimuli-responsive nanoparticles have been exploited for improving cancer immunotherapy by limiting its toxicity. The combination of stimuli-responsive nanoparticles with an ICD inducer serves as a promising strategy for increasing the clinical applications of ICD induction in cancer immunotherapy. Here, we outline recent advances in ICD mediated by stimuli-responsive nanoparticles that may be near-infrared (NIR)-responsive, pH-responsive, redox responsive, pH and enzyme responsive, or pH and redox responsive, and evaluate their significant potential for successful clinical translation in cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmita Banstola
- College of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea
| | - Kishwor Poudel
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Oh Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Jee-Heon Jeong
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38541, Republic of Korea.
| | - Simmyung Yook
- College of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea.
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91
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Pandey A, Shen C, Feng S, Man SM. Cell biology of inflammasome activation. Trends Cell Biol 2021; 31:924-939. [PMID: 34284921 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2021.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Organelles are critical structures in mediating the assembly and activation of inflammasomes in mammalian cells, resulting in inflammation and cell death. Assembly of inflammasomes can occur at the mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, nucleus, trans-Golgi network, or pathogen surface, facilitated by the overarching architecture of the cytoskeleton. NLRP3 and Pyrin inflammasome sensors may form smaller speckles and converge on a single larger speck at the microtubule-organizing center (MTOC). This signaling hub activates multiple mammalian inflammatory and apoptotic caspases, cytokine substrates, the pore-forming protein gasdermin D, and the plasma membrane rupture protein ninjurin-1 (NINJ1), allowing pyroptosis, cellular disintegration, and inflammation to ensue. In this review, we highlight the role of mammalian cell types and organellar architectures in executing inflammasome responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhimanu Pandey
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Disease, The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Cheng Shen
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Disease, The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Shouya Feng
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Disease, The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Si Ming Man
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Disease, The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia.
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92
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Shi H, Gandhi AA, Smith SA, Wang Q, Chiang D, Yalavarthi S, Ali RA, Liu C, Sule G, Tsou PS, Zuo Y, Kanthi Y, Farkash EA, Lin JD, Morrissey JH, Knight JS. Endothelium-protective, histone-neutralizing properties of the polyanionic agent defibrotide. JCI Insight 2021; 6:e149149. [PMID: 34264868 PMCID: PMC8492316 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.149149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophil-mediated activation and injury of the endothelium play roles in the pathogenesis of diverse disease states ranging from autoimmunity to cancer to COVID-19. Neutralization of cationic proteins (such as neutrophil extracellular trap–derived [NET-derived] histones) with polyanionic compounds has been suggested as a potential strategy for protecting the endothelium from such insults. Here, we report that the US Food and Drug Administration–approved polyanionic agent defibrotide (a pleiotropic mixture of oligonucleotides) directly engages histones and thereby blocks their pathological effects on endothelium. In vitro, defibrotide counteracted endothelial cell activation and pyroptosis-mediated cell death, whether triggered by purified NETs or recombinant histone H4. In vivo, defibrotide stabilized the endothelium and protected against histone-accelerated inferior vena cava thrombosis in mice. Mechanistically, defibrotide demonstrated direct and tight binding to histone H4 as detected by both electrophoretic mobility shift assay and surface plasmon resonance. Taken together, these data provide insights into the potential role of polyanionic compounds in protecting the endothelium from thromboinflammation with potential implications for myriad NET- and histone-accelerated disease states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Shi
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States of America
| | - Alex A Gandhi
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States of America
| | - Stephanie A Smith
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States of America
| | - Qiuyu Wang
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States of America
| | - Diane Chiang
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States of America
| | - Srilakshmi Yalavarthi
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States of America
| | - Ramadan A Ali
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States of America
| | - Chao Liu
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States of America
| | - Gautam Sule
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States of America
| | - Pei-Suen Tsou
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States of America
| | - Yu Zuo
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States of America
| | - Yogendra Kanthi
- Division of Intramural Research National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, Bethesda, United States of America
| | - Evan A Farkash
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States of America
| | - Jiandie D Lin
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States of America
| | - James H Morrissey
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States of America
| | - Jason S Knight
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States of America
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93
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Shi H, Gandhi AA, Smith SA, Wang Q, Chiang D, Yalavarthi S, Ali RA, Liu C, Sule G, Tsou PS, Zuo Y, Kanthi Y, Farkash EA, Lin JD, Morrissey JH, Knight JS. Endothelium-protective, histone-neutralizing properties of the polyanionic agent defibrotide. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2021. [PMID: 33655266 DOI: 10.1101/2021.02.21.21252160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Neutrophil-mediated activation and injury of the endothelium play a role in the pathogenesis of diverse disease states ranging from autoimmunity to cancer to COVID-19. Neutralization of cationic proteins (such as neutrophil extracellular trap/NET-derived histones) with polyanionic compounds has been suggested as a potential strategy for protecting the endothelium from such insults. Here, we report that the FDA-approved polyanionic agent defibrotide (a pleiotropic mixture of oligonucleotides) directly engages histones and thereby blocks their pathological effects on endothelium. In vitro , defibrotide counteracted endothelial cell activation and pyroptosis-mediated cell death, whether triggered by purified NETs or recombinant histone H4. In vivo , defibrotide stabilized the endothelium and protected against histone-accelerated inferior vena cava thrombosis in mice. Mechanistically, defibrotide demonstrated direct and tight binding to histone H4 as detected by both electrophoretic mobility shift assay and surface plasmon resonance. Taken together, these data provide insights into the potential role of polyanionic compounds in protecting the endothelium from thromboinflammation with potential implications for myriad NET- and histone-accelerated disease states.
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94
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Zhao P, Yue Z, Nie L, Zhao Z, Wang Q, Chen J, Wang Q. Hyperglycaemia-associated macrophage pyroptosis accelerates periodontal inflamm-aging. J Clin Periodontol 2021; 48:1379-1392. [PMID: 34219262 DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.13517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
AIM Pyroptosis and inflamm-aging have been newly identified to be involved in diabetic periodontitis. This study aimed to elucidate whether macrophage pyroptosis plays a role in periodontal inflamm-aging by impacting the senescence of fibroblasts, as well as the potential mechanism via NLR family CARD domain-containing protein 4 (NLRC4) phosphorylation. MATERIALS AND METHODS Diabetes was induced in mice using streptozotocin. Periodontal pyroptosis and senescence were detected using immunohistochemical analysis. Prior to evaluating senescence in human gingival fibroblasts cultured with conditioned medium derived from macrophages, RAW 264.7 macrophages were confirmed to undergo pyroptosis by scanning electron microscopy and gasdermin D (GSDMD) detection. The NLRC4-related pathway was examined under hyperglycaemic conditions. RESULTS Our data showed that macrophage pyroptosis induced the expression of senescent markers in vivo and in vitro. Importantly, clearance of pyroptotic macrophages rescued senescence in fibroblasts. Furthermore, GSDMD activation and pyroptosis in hyperglycaemia were found to be mediated by NLRC4 phosphorylation. CONCLUSIONS Hyperglycaemia could initially induce macrophage pyroptosis and lead to cellular senescence, thereby critically contributing to periodontal pathogenesis in diabetes. In particular, NLRC4 phosphorylation could be a potential therapeutic target for the inhibition of this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Prosthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ziqi Yue
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Prosthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lulingxiao Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Prosthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhihao Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Prosthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Prosthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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95
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Tan Y, Chen Q, Li X, Zeng Z, Xiong W, Li G, Li X, Yang J, Xiang B, Yi M. Pyroptosis: a new paradigm of cell death for fighting against cancer. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2021; 40:153. [PMID: 33941231 PMCID: PMC8091792 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-021-01959-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 218] [Impact Index Per Article: 72.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Unraveling the mystery of cell death is one of the most fundamental progresses of life sciences during the past decades. Regulated cell death (RCD) or programmed cell death (PCD) is not only essential in embryonic development, but also plays an important role in the occurrence and progression of diseases, especially cancers. Escaping of cell death is one of hallmarks of cancer. MAIN BODY Pyroptosis is an inflammatory cell death usually caused by microbial infection, accompanied by activation of inflammasomes and maturation of pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and interleukin-18 (IL-18). Gasdermin family proteins are the executors of pyroptosis. Cytotoxic N-terminal of gasdermins generated from caspases or granzymes proteases mediated cleavage of gasdermin proteins oligomerizes and forms pore across cell membrane, leading to release of IL-1β, IL-18. Pyroptosis exerts tumor suppression function and evokes anti-tumor immune responses. Therapeutic regimens, including chemotherapy, radiotherapy, targeted therapy and immune therapy, induce pyroptosis in cancer, which potentiate local and systemic anti-tumor immunity. On the other hand, pyroptosis of normal cells attributes to side effects of anti-cancer therapies. CONCLUSION In this review, we focus on the regulatory mechanisms of pyroptosis and the tumor suppressive function of pyroptosis. We discuss the attribution of pyroptosis in reprogramming tumor microenvironments and restoration of anti-tumor immunity and its potential application in cancer immune therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixin Tan
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Hunan Provincial Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Tongzipo Road, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China.,The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China.,Department of Dermatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, The Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Quanzhu Chen
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Hunan Provincial Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Tongzipo Road, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China.,The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Xiaoling Li
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Hunan Provincial Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Tongzipo Road, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China.,The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Zhaoyang Zeng
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Hunan Provincial Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Tongzipo Road, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China.,The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Wei Xiong
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Hunan Provincial Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Tongzipo Road, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China.,The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Guiyuan Li
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Hunan Provincial Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Tongzipo Road, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China.,The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Xiayu Li
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Jianbo Yang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Bo Xiang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Hunan Provincial Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Tongzipo Road, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China. .,The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, China. .,Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China.
| | - Mei Yi
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Hunan Provincial Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Tongzipo Road, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China. .,The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, China. .,Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, The Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China.
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96
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Bertheloot D, Latz E, Franklin BS. Necroptosis, pyroptosis and apoptosis: an intricate game of cell death. Cell Mol Immunol 2021; 18:1106-1121. [PMID: 33785842 PMCID: PMC8008022 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-020-00630-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 746] [Impact Index Per Article: 248.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell death is a fundamental physiological process in all living organisms. Its roles extend from embryonic development, organ maintenance, and aging to the coordination of immune responses and autoimmunity. In recent years, our understanding of the mechanisms orchestrating cellular death and its consequences on immunity and homeostasis has increased substantially. Different modalities of what has become known as 'programmed cell death' have been described, and some key players in these processes have been identified. We have learned more about the intricacies that fine tune the activity of common players and ultimately shape the different types of cell death. These studies have highlighted the complex mechanisms tipping the balance between different cell fates. Here, we summarize the latest discoveries in the three most well understood modalities of cell death, namely, apoptosis, necroptosis, and pyroptosis, highlighting common and unique pathways and their effect on the surrounding cells and the organism as a whole.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damien Bertheloot
- Institute of Innate Immunity, University Hospitals Bonn, University of Bonn, Bonn, NRW, Germany.
| | - Eicke Latz
- Institute of Innate Immunity, University Hospitals Bonn, University of Bonn, Bonn, NRW, Germany
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Bonn, NRW, Germany
| | - Bernardo S Franklin
- Institute of Innate Immunity, University Hospitals Bonn, University of Bonn, Bonn, NRW, Germany.
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97
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Tang D, Wang H, Billiar TR, Kroemer G, Kang R. Emerging mechanisms of immunocoagulation in sepsis and septic shock. Trends Immunol 2021; 42:508-522. [PMID: 33906793 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2021.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Sepsis and septic shock driven by microbial infections are still among the most challenging health problems, causing 11 million deaths worldwide every year. How does the host's response to pathogen infections effectively restore homeostasis instead of precipitating pathogenic and potentially fatal feedforward reactions? Recently, there have been significant new advances in our understanding of the interface between mammalian immunity and coagulation ('immunocoagulation') and its impact on sepsis. In particular, the release and activation of F3 (the main initiator of coagulation) from and on myeloid or epithelial cells is facilitated by activating inflammasomes and consequent gasdermin D (GSDMD)-mediated pyroptosis, coupled to signaling via high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), stimulator of interferon response CGAMP interactor 1 (STING1), or sequestosome 1 (SQSTM1). Pharmacological modulation of the immunocoagulation pathways emerge as novel and potential therapeutic strategies for sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daolin Tang
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, China; Department of Surgery, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.
| | - Haichao Wang
- Laboratory of Emergency Medicine, North Shore University Hospital and the Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA
| | - Timothy R Billiar
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
| | - Guido Kroemer
- Equipe Labellisée par la Ligue Contre le Cancer, Université de Paris, Sorbonne Université, INSERM U1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France; Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus; 94800 Villejuif, France; Pôle de Biologie, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, AP-, HP; 75015 Paris, France; Suzhou Institute for Systems Medicine, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, China; Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska University Hospital, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Rui Kang
- Department of Surgery, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.
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98
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Fischer FA, Chen KW, Bezbradica JS. Posttranslational and Therapeutic Control of Gasdermin-Mediated Pyroptosis and Inflammation. Front Immunol 2021; 12:661162. [PMID: 33868312 PMCID: PMC8050342 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.661162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Pyroptosis is a proinflammatory form of cell death, mediated by membrane pore-forming proteins called gasdermins. Gasdermin pores allow the release of the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-18 and cause cell swelling and cell lysis leading to release of other intracellular proteins that act as alarmins to perpetuate inflammation. The best characterized, gasdermin D, forms pores via its N-terminal domain, generated after the cleavage of full length gasdermin D by caspase-1 or -11 (caspase-4/5 in humans) typically upon sensing of intracellular pathogens. Thus, gasdermins were originally thought to largely contribute to pathogen-induced inflammation. We now know that gasdermin family members can also be cleaved by other proteases, such as caspase-3, caspase-8 and granzymes, and that they contribute to sterile inflammation as well as inflammation in autoinflammatory diseases or during cancer immunotherapy. Here we briefly review how and when gasdermin pores are formed, and then focus on emerging endogenous mechanisms and therapeutic approaches that could be used to control pore formation, pyroptosis and downstream inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian A. Fischer
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, NDORMS, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Kaiwen W. Chen
- Immunology Programme and Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jelena S. Bezbradica
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, NDORMS, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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99
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Eshraghi M, Adlimoghaddam A, Mahmoodzadeh A, Sharifzad F, Yasavoli-Sharahi H, Lorzadeh S, Albensi BC, Ghavami S. Alzheimer's Disease Pathogenesis: Role of Autophagy and Mitophagy Focusing in Microglia. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:3330. [PMID: 33805142 PMCID: PMC8036323 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a debilitating neurological disorder, and currently, there is no cure for it. Several pathologic alterations have been described in the brain of AD patients, but the ultimate causative mechanisms of AD are still elusive. The classic hallmarks of AD, including amyloid plaques (Aβ) and tau tangles (tau), are the most studied features of AD. Unfortunately, all the efforts targeting these pathologies have failed to show the desired efficacy in AD patients so far. Neuroinflammation and impaired autophagy are two other main known pathologies in AD. It has been reported that these pathologies exist in AD brain long before the emergence of any clinical manifestation of AD. Microglia are the main inflammatory cells in the brain and are considered by many researchers as the next hope for finding a viable therapeutic target in AD. Interestingly, it appears that the autophagy and mitophagy are also changed in these cells in AD. Inside the cells, autophagy and inflammation interact in a bidirectional manner. In the current review, we briefly discussed an overview on autophagy and mitophagy in AD and then provided a comprehensive discussion on the role of these pathways in microglia and their involvement in AD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Eshraghi
- Center for Motor Neuron Biology and Disease, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA;
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Aida Adlimoghaddam
- St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Division of Neurodegenerative Disorders, Winnipeg, MB R2H2A6, Canada; (A.A.); (B.C.A.)
| | - Amir Mahmoodzadeh
- Medical Biology Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6734667149, Iran;
| | - Farzaneh Sharifzad
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada; (F.S.); (H.Y.-S.)
| | - Hamed Yasavoli-Sharahi
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada; (F.S.); (H.Y.-S.)
| | - Shahrokh Lorzadeh
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0J9, Canada;
| | - Benedict C. Albensi
- St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Division of Neurodegenerative Disorders, Winnipeg, MB R2H2A6, Canada; (A.A.); (B.C.A.)
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Saeid Ghavami
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0J9, Canada;
- Research Institute of Oncology and Hematology, Cancer Care Manitoba-University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0V9, Canada
- Biology of Breathing Theme, Children Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0V9, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine, Katowice School of Technology, 40-555 Katowice, Poland
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100
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Abstract
Damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) are endogenous molecules which foment inflammation and are associated with disorders in sepsis and cancer. Thus, therapeutically targeting DAMPs has potential to provide novel and effective treatments. When establishing anti-DAMP strategies, it is important not only to focus on the DAMPs as inflammatory mediators but also to take into account the underlying mechanisms of their release from cells and tissues. DAMPs can be released passively by membrane rupture due to necrosis/necroptosis, although the mechanisms of release appear to differ between the DAMPs. Other types of cell death, such as apoptosis, pyroptosis, ferroptosis and NETosis, can also contribute to DAMP release. In addition, some DAMPs can be exported actively from live cells by exocytosis of secretory lysosomes or exosomes, ectosomes, and activation of cell membrane channel pores. Here we review the shared and DAMP-specific mechanisms reported in the literature for high mobility group box 1, ATP, extracellular cold-inducible RNA-binding protein, histones, heat shock proteins, extracellular RNAs and cell-free DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Murao
- Center for Immunology and Inflammation, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, 350 Community Dr., Manhasset, NY, 11030, USA
| | - Monowar Aziz
- Center for Immunology and Inflammation, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, 350 Community Dr., Manhasset, NY, 11030, USA
| | - Haichao Wang
- Center for Biomedical Science, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Manhasset, NY, USA
| | - Max Brenner
- Center for Immunology and Inflammation, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, 350 Community Dr., Manhasset, NY, 11030, USA. .,Department of Molecular Medicine, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Manhasset, NY, USA.
| | - Ping Wang
- Center for Immunology and Inflammation, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, 350 Community Dr., Manhasset, NY, 11030, USA. .,Department of Molecular Medicine, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Manhasset, NY, USA. .,Department of Surgery, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Manhasset, NY, USA.
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