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Jenster L, Ribeiro LS, Franklin BS, Bertheloot D. Measuring NLR Oligomerization II: Detection of ASC Speck Formation by Confocal Microscopy and Immunofluorescence. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2696:73-92. [PMID: 37578716 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3350-2_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
Inflammasomes are crucial sentinels of the innate immune system that sense clues of infection, cellular stress, or metabolic imbalances. Upon activation, the inflammasome sensor (e.g., NLRP3) recruits the adaptor protein apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD (ASC). ASC rapidly oligomerizes to form a micron-sized structure termed "ASC speck." These are crucial for the activation of caspase-1 and downstream inflammatory signals released following a specific form of lytic cell death called pyroptosis. Hence, due to their considerably large size, ASC specks can be easily visualized by microscopy as a simple upstream readout for inflammasome activation. Here, we provide three detailed protocols for imaging ASC specks: (1) live-cell imaging of macrophage cell lines expressing a fluorescent protein fusion form of ASC, (2) imaging of human primary cells using immunofluorescence staining of endogenous ASC, and (3) visualization and quantification of specks on a single-cell level using imaging flow cytometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lea Jenster
- Institute of Innate Immunity, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Lucas S Ribeiro
- Institute of Innate Immunity, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Bernardo S Franklin
- Institute of Innate Immunity, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Damien Bertheloot
- Institute of Innate Immunity, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
- Clinic for Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
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2
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Bertheloot D, Wanderley CW, Schneider AH, Schiffelers LD, Wuerth JD, Tödtmann JM, Maasewerd S, Hawwari I, Duthie F, Rohland C, Ribeiro LS, Jenster LM, Rosero N, Tesfamariam YM, Cunha FQ, Schmidt FI, Franklin BS. Nanobodies dismantle post-pyroptotic ASC specks and counteract inflammation in vivo. EMBO Mol Med 2022; 14:e15415. [PMID: 35438238 PMCID: PMC9174887 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.202115415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammasomes sense intracellular clues of infection, damage, or metabolic imbalances. Activated inflammasome sensors polymerize the adaptor ASC into micron‐sized “specks” to maximize caspase‐1 activation and the maturation of IL‐1 cytokines. Caspase‐1 also drives pyroptosis, a lytic cell death characterized by leakage of intracellular content to the extracellular space. ASC specks are released among cytosolic content, and accumulate in tissues of patients with chronic inflammation. However, if extracellular ASC specks contribute to disease, or are merely inert remnants of cell death remains unknown. Here, we show that camelid‐derived nanobodies against ASC (VHHASC) target and disassemble post‐pyroptotic inflammasomes, neutralizing their prionoid, and inflammatory functions. Notably, pyroptosis‐driven membrane perforation and exposure of ASC specks to the extracellular environment allowed VHHASC to target inflammasomes while preserving pre‐pyroptotic IL‐1β release, essential to host defense. Systemically administrated mouse‐specific VHHASC attenuated inflammation and clinical gout, and antigen‐induced arthritis disease. Hence, VHHASC neutralized post‐pyroptotic inflammasomes revealing a previously unappreciated role for these complexes in disease. VHHASC are the first biologicals that disassemble pre‐formed inflammasomes while preserving their functions in host defense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damien Bertheloot
- Institute of Innate Immunity, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Carlos Ws Wanderley
- Center for Research in Inflammatory Diseases (CRID), Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ayda H Schneider
- Center for Research in Inflammatory Diseases (CRID), Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lisa Dj Schiffelers
- Institute of Innate Immunity, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jennifer D Wuerth
- Institute of Innate Immunity, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jan Mp Tödtmann
- Core Facility Nanobodies, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Salie Maasewerd
- Institute of Innate Immunity, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Ibrahim Hawwari
- Institute of Innate Immunity, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Fraser Duthie
- Institute of Innate Immunity, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Cornelia Rohland
- Institute of Innate Immunity, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Lucas S Ribeiro
- Institute of Innate Immunity, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Lea-Marie Jenster
- Institute of Innate Immunity, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Nathalia Rosero
- Institute of Innate Immunity, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Yonas M Tesfamariam
- Institute of Innate Immunity, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Fernando Q Cunha
- Center for Research in Inflammatory Diseases (CRID), Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Florian I Schmidt
- Institute of Innate Immunity, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,Core Facility Nanobodies, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Bernardo S Franklin
- Institute of Innate Immunity, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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3
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Torres S, Brol MJ, Magdaleno F, Schierwagen R, Uschner FE, Klein S, Ortiz C, Tyc O, Bachtler N, Stunden J, Bertheloot D, Kitanovic A, Sanchez B, Schrum J, Roush WR, Franchi L, Byth K, Latz E, Trebicka J. The Specific NLRP3 Antagonist IFM-514 Decreases Fibrosis and Inflammation in Experimental Murine Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:715765. [PMID: 34513923 PMCID: PMC8425476 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.715765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims: Activation of the inflammasome NLRP3 (NOD-, LRR- and pyrin domain containing 3) contributes to the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and progression to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Therefore, this study explored the therapeutic effects of a novel and selective NLRP3 antagonist in a murine dietary model of NASH. Methods: Groups of 12-week-old ApoE-/- mice were fed ad lib for 7 weeks with a methionine/choline deficient (MCD) and western diet (WD). After 3 weeks of diet-induced injury, mice were injected i. p. with the NLRP3 antagonist IFM-514 (100 mg/kg body weight) or vehicle (0.5% carmellose) every day, 5 days/week for a further 4 weeks. Several markers of inflammation, fibrosis and steatosis were evaluated. Whole transcriptome sequencing and panel RNA expression analysis (NanoString) were performed. Results: IFM-514 inhibited IL-1β production in mice challenged with 20 mg/kg lipopolysaccharide, and in mouse and human inflammatory cells in vitro. IFM-514 inhibited hepatic inflammation in the in vivo non-alcoholic steatohepatitis model assessed by H&E staining and in the hepatic gene expression of inflammasome-related proinflammatory cytokines. This effect was associated with significant reduction in caspase-1 activation. Similarly, IFM-514 was efficacious in vivo in MDC-fed ApoE-/- mice, markedly reducing portal pressure, Sirius red staining and 4-hydroxyproline content compared to vehicle-treated mice. Moreover, IFM-514 significantly reduced hepatic steatosis in MCD-fed ApoE-/- mice, as evidenced by NAFLD scores, oil red O staining, hepatic triglycerides and gene expression. In WD treated animals, similar trends in inflammation and fibrosis were observed, although not sufficient IFM-514 levels were reached. Conclusion: Overall, IFM-514 reduced liver inflammation and fibrosis, with mild effects on liver steatosis in experimental murine NASH. Blocking of NLRP3 may be an attractive therapeutic approach for NASH patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Torres
- Translational Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine I, Universitätsklinikum/ Goethe-Universität, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Maximilian J Brol
- Translational Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine I, Universitätsklinikum/ Goethe-Universität, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Fernando Magdaleno
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Clinic Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Robert Schierwagen
- Translational Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine I, Universitätsklinikum/ Goethe-Universität, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Frank E Uschner
- Translational Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine I, Universitätsklinikum/ Goethe-Universität, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Sabine Klein
- Translational Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine I, Universitätsklinikum/ Goethe-Universität, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Cristina Ortiz
- Translational Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine I, Universitätsklinikum/ Goethe-Universität, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Olaf Tyc
- Translational Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine I, Universitätsklinikum/ Goethe-Universität, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Nadine Bachtler
- Translational Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine I, Universitätsklinikum/ Goethe-Universität, Frankfurt, Germany
| | | | - Damien Bertheloot
- IFM Therapeutics, Boston, MA, United States.,Institute of Innate Immunity, University Clinic Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Kate Byth
- IFM Therapeutics, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Eicke Latz
- IFM Therapeutics, Boston, MA, United States.,Institute of Innate Immunity, University Clinic Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jonel Trebicka
- Translational Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine I, Universitätsklinikum/ Goethe-Universität, Frankfurt, Germany.,European Foundation for the Study of Chronic Liver Failure - EF Clif, Barcelona, Spain
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4
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Rolfes V, Ribeiro LS, Hawwari I, Böttcher L, Rosero N, Maasewerd S, Santos MLS, Próchnicki T, Silva CMDS, Wanderley CWDS, Rothe M, Schmidt SV, Stunden HJ, Bertheloot D, Rivas MN, Fontes CJ, Carvalho LH, Cunha FQ, Latz E, Arditi M, Franklin BS. Platelets Fuel the Inflammasome Activation of Innate Immune Cells. Cell Rep 2021; 31:107615. [PMID: 32402278 PMCID: PMC7225754 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.107615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Revised: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The inflammasomes control the bioactivity of pro-inflammatory cytokines of the interleukin (IL)-1 family. The inflammasome assembled by NLRP3 has been predominantly studied in homogeneous cell populations in vitro, neglecting the influence of cellular interactions that occur in vivo. Here, we show that platelets boost the inflammasome capacity of human macrophages and neutrophils and are critical for IL-1 production by monocytes. Platelets license NLRP3 transcription, thereby enhancing ASC oligomerization, caspase-1 activity, and IL-1β secretion. Platelets influence IL-1β production in vivo, and blood platelet counts correlate with plasmatic IL-1β levels in malaria. Furthermore, we reveal an enriched platelet gene signature among the highest-expressed transcripts in IL-1β-driven autoinflammatory diseases. The platelet effect is independent of cell-to-cell contact, platelet-derived lipid mediators, purines, nucleic acids, and a host of platelet cytokines, and it involves the triggering of calcium-sensing receptors on macrophages. Hence, platelets provide an additional layer of regulation of inflammasomes and IL-1-driven inflammation. Platelets license NLRP3 for inflammasome activattion in innate immune cells Platelets are required for optimal monocyte inflammasome activation Platelets shape IL-1β in vivo, and platelet counts correlate with IL-1β in plasma A constitutive, heat-sensitive soluble platelet-factor boost IL-1β in macrophages
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Affiliation(s)
- Verena Rolfes
- Institute of Innate Immunity, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, NRW, Germany
| | - Lucas Secchim Ribeiro
- Institute of Innate Immunity, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, NRW, Germany.
| | - Ibrahim Hawwari
- Institute of Innate Immunity, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, NRW, Germany
| | - Lisa Böttcher
- Institute of Innate Immunity, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, NRW, Germany
| | - Nathalia Rosero
- Institute of Innate Immunity, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, NRW, Germany
| | - Salie Maasewerd
- Institute of Innate Immunity, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, NRW, Germany
| | - Marina Lima Silva Santos
- Laboratório de Malária, Instituto René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, 30190-002 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Tomasz Próchnicki
- Institute of Innate Immunity, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, NRW, Germany
| | - Camila Meirelles de Souza Silva
- Center for Research in Inflammatory Diseases, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of Sao Paulo, 14049-900 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Carlos Wagner de Souza Wanderley
- Center for Research in Inflammatory Diseases, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of Sao Paulo, 14049-900 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Maximilian Rothe
- Institute of Innate Immunity, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, NRW, Germany
| | - Susanne V Schmidt
- Institute of Innate Immunity, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, NRW, Germany
| | - H James Stunden
- Institute of Innate Immunity, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, NRW, Germany
| | - Damien Bertheloot
- Institute of Innate Immunity, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, NRW, Germany
| | - Magali Noval Rivas
- Departments of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, and Infectious and Immunologic Diseases Research Center (IIDRC), Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Cor Jesus Fontes
- Departamento de Clínica Médica, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, 78060-900 Cuiabá, MT, Brazil
| | - Luzia Helena Carvalho
- Laboratório de Malária, Instituto René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, 30190-002 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Fernando Queiroz Cunha
- Center for Research in Inflammatory Diseases, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of Sao Paulo, 14049-900 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Eicke Latz
- Institute of Innate Immunity, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, NRW, Germany; Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655, USA; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, 53127 Bonn, NRW, Germany
| | - Moshe Arditi
- Departments of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, and Infectious and Immunologic Diseases Research Center (IIDRC), Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA.
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5
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Abstract
Cell death is a fundamental physiological process in all living organisms. Its roles extend from embryonic development, organ maintenance, and aging to the coordination of immune responses and autoimmunity. In recent years, our understanding of the mechanisms orchestrating cellular death and its consequences on immunity and homeostasis has increased substantially. Different modalities of what has become known as 'programmed cell death' have been described, and some key players in these processes have been identified. We have learned more about the intricacies that fine tune the activity of common players and ultimately shape the different types of cell death. These studies have highlighted the complex mechanisms tipping the balance between different cell fates. Here, we summarize the latest discoveries in the three most well understood modalities of cell death, namely, apoptosis, necroptosis, and pyroptosis, highlighting common and unique pathways and their effect on the surrounding cells and the organism as a whole.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damien Bertheloot
- Institute of Innate Immunity, University Hospitals Bonn, University of Bonn, Bonn, NRW, Germany.
| | - Eicke Latz
- Institute of Innate Immunity, University Hospitals Bonn, University of Bonn, Bonn, NRW, Germany
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Bonn, NRW, Germany
| | - Bernardo S Franklin
- Institute of Innate Immunity, University Hospitals Bonn, University of Bonn, Bonn, NRW, Germany.
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6
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Pelka K, Bertheloot D, Reimer E, Phulphagar K, Schmidt SV, Christ A, Stahl R, Watson N, Miyake K, Hacohen N, Haas A, Brinkmann MM, Marshak-Rothstein A, Meissner F, Latz E. The Chaperone UNC93B1 Regulates Toll-like Receptor Stability Independently of Endosomal TLR Transport. Immunity 2019; 48:911-922.e7. [PMID: 29768176 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2018.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2018] [Revised: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Unc-93 homolog B1 (UNC93B1) is a key regulator of nucleic acid (NA)-sensing Toll-like receptors (TLRs). Loss of NA-sensing TLR responses in UNC93B1-deficient patients facilitates Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) encephalitis. UNC93B1 is thought to guide NA-sensing TLRs from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to their respective endosomal signaling compartments and to guide the flagellin receptor TLR5 to the cell surface, raising the question of how UNC93B1 mediates differential TLR trafficking. Here, we report that UNC93B1 regulates a step upstream of the differential TLR trafficking process. We discovered that UNC93B1 deficiency resulted in near-complete loss of TLR3 and TLR7 proteins in primary splenic mouse dendritic cells and macrophages, showing that UNC93B1 is critical for maintaining TLR expression. Notably, expression of an ER-retained UNC93B1 version was sufficient to stabilize TLRs and largely restore endosomal TLR trafficking and activity. These data are critical for an understanding of how UNC93B1 can regulate the function of a broad subset of TLRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Pelka
- Institute of Innate Immunity, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Damien Bertheloot
- Institute of Innate Immunity, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany; IFM Therapeutics GmbH, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Elisa Reimer
- Viral Immune Modulation Research Group, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Kshiti Phulphagar
- Institute of Innate Immunity, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany; Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Susanne V Schmidt
- Institute of Innate Immunity, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Anette Christ
- Institute of Innate Immunity, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany; Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655, USA
| | - Rainer Stahl
- Institute of Innate Immunity, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Nicki Watson
- W.M. Keck Microscopy Facility, the Whitehead Institute, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Kensuke Miyake
- Division of Innate Immunity, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108 8639, Japan; Laboratory of Innate Immunity, Center for Experimental Medicine and Systems Biology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108 8639, Japan
| | - Nir Hacohen
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Albert Haas
- Cell Biology Institute, University of Bonn, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Melanie M Brinkmann
- Viral Immune Modulation Research Group, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Ann Marshak-Rothstein
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655, USA
| | - Felix Meissner
- Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Eicke Latz
- Institute of Innate Immunity, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany; Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655, USA; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, 53175 Bonn, Germany.
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7
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Bertheloot D, Naumovski AL, Langhoff P, Horvath GL, Jin T, Xiao TS, Garbi N, Agrawal S, Kolbeck R, Latz E. RAGE Enhances TLR Responses through Binding and Internalization of RNA. J Immunol 2016; 197:4118-4126. [PMID: 27798148 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1502169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2015] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Nucleic acid recognition is an important mechanism that enables the innate immune system to detect microbial infection and tissue damage. To minimize the recognition of self-derived nucleic acids, all nucleic acid-sensing signaling receptors are sequestered away from the cell surface and are activated in the cytoplasm or in endosomes. Nucleic acid sensing in endosomes relies on members of the TLR family. The receptor for advanced glycation end-products (RAGE) was recently shown to bind DNA at the cell surface, facilitating DNA internalization and subsequent recognition by TLR9. In this article, we show that RAGE binds RNA molecules in a sequence-independent manner and enhances cellular RNA uptake into endosomes. Gain- and loss-of-function studies demonstrate that RAGE increases the sensitivity of all ssRNA-sensing TLRs (TLR7, TLR8, TLR13), suggesting that RAGE is an integral part of the endosomal nucleic acid-sensing system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damien Bertheloot
- Institute of Innate Immunity, University Hospital, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Pia Langhoff
- Institute of Innate Immunity, University Hospital, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, 53117 Bonn, Germany
| | - Gabor L Horvath
- Institute of Innate Immunity, University Hospital, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Tengchuan Jin
- School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China
| | - Tsan Sam Xiao
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106
| | - Natalio Garbi
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Experimental Immunology, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | | | | | - Eicke Latz
- Institute of Innate Immunity, University Hospital, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany; .,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, 53117 Bonn, Germany.,Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605
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8
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Fassl SK, Austermann J, Papantonopoulou O, Riemenschneider M, Xue J, Bertheloot D, Freise N, Spiekermann C, Witten A, Viemann D, Kirschnek S, Stoll M, Latz E, Schultze JL, Roth J, Vogl T. Transcriptome Assessment Reveals a Dominant Role for TLR4 in the Activation of Human Monocytes by the Alarmin MRP8. J I 2014; 194:575-83. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1401085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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9
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Sirois CM, Jin T, Miller AL, Bertheloot D, Nakamura H, Horvath GL, Mian A, Jiang J, Schrum J, Bossaller L, Pelka K, Garbi N, Brewah Y, Tian J, Chang CS, Chowdhury P, Sims G, Kolbeck R, Coyle A, Humbles A, Xiao TS, Latz E. RAGE is a nucleic acid receptor that promotes inflammatory responses to DNA. J Biophys Biochem Cytol 2013. [DOI: 10.1083/jcb.2031oia111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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10
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Sirois CM, Jin T, Miller AL, Bertheloot D, Nakamura H, Horvath GL, Mian A, Jiang J, Schrum J, Bossaller L, Pelka K, Garbi N, Brewah Y, Tian J, Chang C, Chowdhury PS, Sims GP, Kolbeck R, Coyle AJ, Humbles AA, Xiao TS, Latz E. RAGE is a nucleic acid receptor that promotes inflammatory responses to DNA. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 210:2447-63. [PMID: 24081950 PMCID: PMC3804942 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20120201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Receptor for advanced glycation end-products (RAGE) detects nucleic acids and promotes DNA uptake into endosomes, which in turn lowers the immune recognition threshold for TLR9 activation. Recognition of DNA and RNA molecules derived from pathogens or self-antigen is one way the mammalian immune system senses infection and tissue damage. Activation of immune signaling receptors by nucleic acids is controlled by limiting the access of DNA and RNA to intracellular receptors, but the mechanisms by which endosome-resident receptors encounter nucleic acids from the extracellular space are largely undefined. In this study, we show that the receptor for advanced glycation end-products (RAGE) promoted DNA uptake into endosomes and lowered the immune recognition threshold for the activation of Toll-like receptor 9, the principal DNA-recognizing transmembrane signaling receptor. Structural analysis of RAGE–DNA complexes indicated that DNA interacted with dimers of the outermost RAGE extracellular domains, and could induce formation of higher-order receptor complexes. Furthermore, mice deficient in RAGE were unable to mount a typical inflammatory response to DNA in the lung, indicating that RAGE is important for the detection of nucleic acids in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cherilyn M Sirois
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605
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11
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Abstract
The innate immune system has evolved to detect microbes and sterile tissue damage with the help of a series of signaling receptors. One key strategy is to detect infectious microbes or host cell damage by recognizing nucleic acids that are modified or appear in compartment normally devoid of nucleic acids. Here, we describe two methods that allow studying the molecular interaction between various nucleic acid recognizing signaling receptors with their ligands. A ligand pull-down assay can be used to show a known interaction between a ligand and its receptor or the method can be utilized as a discovery approach to identify an unknown receptor to a given ligand. An AlphaScreen experiment can be set up to assess the ligand binding affinity to a given receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Stutz
- Institute of Innate Immunity, Biomedical Center, University Hospitals, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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Marcel M, Leys D, Mounier-Vehier F, Bertheloot D, Lartigau E, Pruvo JP, Al-Koussa M, Chevalier D, Henon H. Clinical outcome in patients with high-grade internal carotid artery stenosis after irradiation. Neurology 2005; 65:959-61. [PMID: 16186548 DOI: 10.1212/01.wnl.0000176033.64896.c6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The authors followed up 41 consecutive patients (21 symptomatic) with internal carotid artery stenosis > or =70% and previous neck irradiation. After 28 months, 15 patients (36.6%) had died, five (12.2%) had had an ischemic stroke, and 15 (36.6%) had a new malignancy. Having a new malignancy was the only independent predictor of death. The major risk for patients with ICA stenosis > or =70% and previous neck irradiation is malignancy, not stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Marcel
- Department of Neurology, Lille University Hospital, Lille, France
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Breteau G, Mounier-Vehier F, Godefroy O, Gauvrit JY, Mackowiak-Cordoliani MA, Girot M, Bertheloot D, Hénon H, Lucas C, Leclerc X, Fourrier F, Pruvo JP, Leys D. Cerebral venous thrombosis 3-year clinical outcome in 55 consecutive patients. J Neurol 2003; 250:29-35. [PMID: 12527989 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-003-0932-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
An early diagnosis and heparin therapy have contributed to a decreased mortality in cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT). However, predictors of outcome are difficult to identify, because most studies suffered heterogeneity in diagnostic findings and treatments, retrospective design, and recruitment bias. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical outcome in 55 consecutive patients with CVT admitted over a 4-year period. The study population consisted of 42 women and 13 men, with a median age of 39 years (range 16-68). The diagnosis was performed with MRI in 53 patients, and angiography in 2. The outcome was assessed with the modified Rankin scale (mRs). After a median follow-up of 36 months (range: 12-60), 45 patients were independent (mRS 0-2), and 10 were dependent or dead (mRS 3-6). Of 48 survivors, 7 had seizures, 6 motor deficits, 5 visual field defects, 29 headache (migraine in 14, tension headache in 13, other in 2). The logistic regression analysis found focal deficits and cancer at time of diagnosis, as independent predictors of dependence or death at year 3, and isolated intra-cranial hypertension as an independent predictor of survival and independence. Mortality rates are low in the absence of cancer and focal deficits, and more than 80 % of survivors are independent after 3 years. However, 3/4 of survivors have residual symptoms. Therefore, despite a low mortality rate, CVT remains a serious disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Breteau
- Dept of Neurology, Lens Hospital, Lens, France
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Zerbib P, Chambon JP, Bertheloot D, Quandalle P. [Acute primary intestinal intussusception in an adult diagnosed by ultrasonography]. Ann Chir 2000; 125:291-2. [PMID: 10829512 DOI: 10.1016/s0001-4001(00)00140-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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