51
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Canton M, Groppi J, Casimiro L, Corra S, Baroncini M, Silvi S, Credi A. Second-Generation Light-Fueled Supramolecular Pump. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:10890-10894. [PMID: 34282901 PMCID: PMC8323096 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c06027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
![]()
We describe the modular
design of a pseudorotaxane-based supramolecular
pump and its photochemically driven autonomous nonequilibrium operation
in a dissipative regime. These properties derive from careful engineering
of the energy maxima and minima along the threading coordinate and
their light-triggered modulation. Unlike its precursor, this second-generation
system is amenable to functionalization for integration into more
complex devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Canton
- CLAN-Center for Light Activated Nanostructures, ISOF-CNR, Via Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy.,Dipartimento di Chimica Industriale "Toso Montanari", Università di Bologna, Viale Risorgimento 4, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Jessica Groppi
- CLAN-Center for Light Activated Nanostructures, ISOF-CNR, Via Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy.,Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Agro-Alimentari, Università di Bologna, Viale Fanin 44, 40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Casimiro
- CLAN-Center for Light Activated Nanostructures, ISOF-CNR, Via Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy.,Dipartimento di Chimica "G. Ciamician", Università di Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Stefano Corra
- CLAN-Center for Light Activated Nanostructures, ISOF-CNR, Via Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy.,Dipartimento di Chimica Industriale "Toso Montanari", Università di Bologna, Viale Risorgimento 4, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Massimo Baroncini
- CLAN-Center for Light Activated Nanostructures, ISOF-CNR, Via Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy.,Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Agro-Alimentari, Università di Bologna, Viale Fanin 44, 40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - Serena Silvi
- CLAN-Center for Light Activated Nanostructures, ISOF-CNR, Via Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy.,Dipartimento di Chimica "G. Ciamician", Università di Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Alberto Credi
- CLAN-Center for Light Activated Nanostructures, ISOF-CNR, Via Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy.,Dipartimento di Chimica Industriale "Toso Montanari", Università di Bologna, Viale Risorgimento 4, 40136 Bologna, Italy
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52
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Cai K, Zhang L, Astumian RD, Stoddart JF. Radical-pairing-induced molecular assembly and motion. Nat Rev Chem 2021; 5:447-465. [PMID: 37118435 DOI: 10.1038/s41570-021-00283-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Radical-pairing interactions between conjugated organic π-radicals are relative newcomers to the inventory of molecular recognition motifs explored in supramolecular chemistry. The unique electronic, magnetic, optical and redox-responsive properties of the conjugated π-radicals render molecules designed with radical-pairing interactions useful for applications in various areas of chemistry and materials science. In particular, the ability to control formation of radical cationic or anionic species, by redox stimulation, provides a flexible trigger for directed assembly and controlled molecular motions, as well as a convenient means of inputting energy to fuel non-equilibrium processes. In this Review, we provide an overview of different examples of radical-pairing-based recognition processes and of their emerging use in (1) supramolecular assembly, (2) templation of mechanically interlocked molecules, (3) stimuli-controlled molecular switches and, by incorporation of kinetic asymmetry in the design, (4) the creation of unidirectional molecular transporters based on pumping cassettes powered by fuelled switching of radical-pairing interactions. We conclude the discussion with an outlook on future directions for the field.
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53
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Komiya N, Ikeshita M, Tosaki K, Sato A, Itami N, Naota T. Catalytic Enantioselective Rotation of Watermill‐Shaped Dinuclear Pd Complexes. Eur J Inorg Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202100140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Naruyoshi Komiya
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering Science Osaka University Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531 Japan
- Chemistry Laboratory The Jikei University School of Medicine Kokuryo, Chofu, Tokyo 182-8570 Japan
| | - Masahiro Ikeshita
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering Science Osaka University Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531 Japan
| | - Koichi Tosaki
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering Science Osaka University Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531 Japan
| | - Atsushi Sato
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering Science Osaka University Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531 Japan
| | - Nao Itami
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering Science Osaka University Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531 Japan
| | - Takeshi Naota
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering Science Osaka University Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531 Japan
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54
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Paolino M, Giovannini T, Manathunga M, Latterini L, Zampini G, Pierron R, Léonard J, Fusi S, Giorgi G, Giuliani G, Cappelli A, Cappelli C, Olivucci M. On the Transition from a Biomimetic Molecular Switch to a Rotary Molecular Motor. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:3875-3884. [PMID: 33856801 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c00526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The experimental investigation of the unidirectional motion characterizing the photoisomerization of single-molecule rotary motors requires accessible lab prototypes featuring an electronic circular dichroism (ECD) signal that is sensitive to the geometrical and electronic changes occurring during an ultrafast reactive process. Here we report a combined experimental/computational study of a candidate obtained via the asymmetrization of a light-driven biomimetic molecular switch. We show that the achieved motor has an ECD band that is remarkably sensitive to the isomerization motion, and it is therefore suitable for time-resolved ECD studies. However, we also find that, unexpectedly, the synthesized motor isomerizes on a time scale longer than the subpicosecond time measured for the achiral parent, a result that points to alternative candidates conserving a high reaction speed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Paolino
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia, Università di Siena, Via A. Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | | | - Madushanka Manathunga
- Chemistry Department, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, Ohio 43403-0001, United States
| | - Loredana Latterini
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie, Università di Perugia, Via Elce di Sotto, 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Giulia Zampini
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie, Università di Perugia, Via Elce di Sotto, 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Robin Pierron
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg, UMR 7504, F-67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Jérémie Léonard
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg, UMR 7504, F-67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Stefania Fusi
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia, Università di Siena, Via A. Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Gianluca Giorgi
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia, Università di Siena, Via A. Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Germano Giuliani
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia, Università di Siena, Via A. Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Andrea Cappelli
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia, Università di Siena, Via A. Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Chiara Cappelli
- Scuola Normale Superiore, Piazza dei Cavalieri 7, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Massimo Olivucci
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia, Università di Siena, Via A. Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
- Chemistry Department, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, Ohio 43403-0001, United States
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55
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Feng Y, Ovalle M, Seale JSW, Lee CK, Kim DJ, Astumian RD, Stoddart JF. Molecular Pumps and Motors. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:5569-5591. [PMID: 33830744 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c13388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Pumps and motors are essential components of the world as we know it. From the complex proteins that sustain our cells, to the mechanical marvels that power industries, much we take for granted is only possible because of pumps and motors. Although molecular pumps and motors have supported life for eons, it is only recently that chemists have made progress toward designing and building artificial forms of the microscopic machinery present in nature. The advent of artificial molecular machines has granted scientists an unprecedented level of control over the relative motion of components of molecules through the development of kinetically controlled, away-from-thermodynamic equilibrium chemistry. We outline the history of pumps and motors, focusing specifically on the innovations that enable the design and synthesis of the artificial molecular machines central to this Perspective. A key insight connecting biomolecular and artificial molecular machines is that the physical motions by which these machines carry out their function are unambiguously in mechanical equilibrium at every instant. The operation of molecular motors and pumps can be described by trajectory thermodynamics, a theory based on the work of Onsager, which is grounded on the firm foundation of the principle of microscopic reversibility. Free energy derived from thermodynamically non-equilibrium reactions kinetically favors some reaction pathways over others. By designing molecules with kinetic asymmetry, one can engineer potential landscapes to harness external energy to drive the formation and maintenance of geometries of component parts of molecules away-from-equilibrium, that would be impossible to achieve by standard synthetic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanning Feng
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Marco Ovalle
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - James S W Seale
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Christopher K Lee
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Dong Jun Kim
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - R Dean Astumian
- Department of Physics, University of Maine, Orono, Maine 04469, United States
| | - J Fraser Stoddart
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States.,School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.,Stoddart Institute of Molecular Science, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.,ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Hangzhou 311215, China
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56
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Lin G, Richardson JJ, Ahmed H, Besford QA, Christofferson AJ, Beyer S, Lin Z, Rezk AR, Savioli M, Zhou J, McConville CF, Cortez-Jugo C, Yeo LY, Caruso F. Programmable Phototaxis of Metal-Phenolic Particle Microswimmers. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2006177. [PMID: 33634513 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202006177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Light-driven directional motion is common in nature but remains a challenge for synthetic microparticles, particularly regarding collective motion on a macroscopic scale. Successfully engineering microparticles with light-driven collective motion could lead to breakthroughs in drug delivery, contaminant sensing, environmental remediation, and artificial life. Herein, metal-phenolic particle microswimmers capable of autonomously sensing and swimming toward an external light source are reported, with the speed regulated by the wavelength and intensity of illumination. These microswimmers can travel macroscopic distances (centimeters) and can remain illuminated for hours without degradation of motility. Experimental and theoretical analyses demonstrate that motion is generated through chemical transformations of the organic component of the metal-phenolic complex. Furthermore, cargos with specific spectral absorption profiles can be loaded into the particles and endow the particle microswimmers with activated motion corresponding to these spectral characteristics. The programmable nature of the light navigation, tunable size of the particles, and versatility of cargo loading demonstrate the versatility of these metal-phenolic particle microswimmers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gan Lin
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, and the Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Joseph J Richardson
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, and the Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Heba Ahmed
- Micro/Nanophysics Research Laboratory, School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, 3000, Australia
| | - Quinn A Besford
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, and the Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Andrew J Christofferson
- School of Science, College of Science, Engineering and Health, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, 3001, Australia
| | - Sebastian Beyer
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zhixing Lin
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, and the Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Amgad R Rezk
- Micro/Nanophysics Research Laboratory, School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, 3000, Australia
| | - Marco Savioli
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, and the Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Jiajing Zhou
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, and the Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Chris F McConville
- School of Science, College of Science, Engineering and Health, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, 3001, Australia
| | - Christina Cortez-Jugo
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, and the Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Leslie Y Yeo
- Micro/Nanophysics Research Laboratory, School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, 3000, Australia
| | - Frank Caruso
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, and the Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia
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57
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Hou J, Mondal A, Long G, de Haan L, Zhao W, Zhou G, Liu D, Broer DJ, Chen J, Feringa BL. Photo-responsive Helical Motion by Light-Driven Molecular Motors in a Liquid-Crystal Network. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:8251-8257. [PMID: 33511680 PMCID: PMC8048625 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202016254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Controlling sophisticated motion by molecular motors is a major goal on the road to future actuators and soft robotics. Taking inspiration from biological motility and mechanical functions common to artificial machines, responsive small molecules have been used to achieve macroscopic effects, however, translating molecular movement along length scales to precisely defined linear, twisting and rotary motions remain particularly challenging. Here, we present the design, synthesis and functioning of liquid‐crystal network (LCN) materials with intrinsic rotary motors that allow the conversion of light energy into reversible helical motion. In this responsive system the photochemical‐driven molecular motor has a dual function operating both as chiral dopant and unidirectional rotor amplifying molecular motion into a controlled and reversible left‐ or right‐handed macroscopic twisting movement. By exploiting the dynamic chirality, directionality of motion and shape change of a single motor embedded in an LC‐network, complex mechanical motions including bending, walking and helical motion, in soft polymer materials are achieved which offers fascinating opportunities toward inherently photo‐responsive materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxin Hou
- SCNU-UG International Joint Laboratory of Molecular Science and DisplaysNational Center for International Research on Green OptoelectronicsSouth China Normal UniversityGuangzhou510006China
- Stratingh Institute for ChemistryUniversity of GroningenNijenborgh 49747AGGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Anirban Mondal
- Stratingh Institute for ChemistryUniversity of GroningenNijenborgh 49747AGGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Guiying Long
- SCNU-UG International Joint Laboratory of Molecular Science and DisplaysNational Center for International Research on Green OptoelectronicsSouth China Normal UniversityGuangzhou510006China
| | - Laurens de Haan
- SCNU-TUE Joint lab of Device Integrated Responsive Materials (DIRM)Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology & Institute of Electronic Paper DisplaysSouth China Academy of Advanced OptoelectronicsSouth China Normal UniversityGuangzhou510006China
- Stimuli-responsive Functional Materials and DevicesDepartment of Chemical Engineering and ChemistryEindhoven University of TechnologyDen Dolech 2, 5600MBEindhovenThe Netherlands
| | - Wei Zhao
- SCNU-TUE Joint lab of Device Integrated Responsive Materials (DIRM)Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology & Institute of Electronic Paper DisplaysSouth China Academy of Advanced OptoelectronicsSouth China Normal UniversityGuangzhou510006China
| | - Guofu Zhou
- SCNU-UG International Joint Laboratory of Molecular Science and DisplaysNational Center for International Research on Green OptoelectronicsSouth China Normal UniversityGuangzhou510006China
- SCNU-TUE Joint lab of Device Integrated Responsive Materials (DIRM)Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology & Institute of Electronic Paper DisplaysSouth China Academy of Advanced OptoelectronicsSouth China Normal UniversityGuangzhou510006China
| | - Danqing Liu
- SCNU-TUE Joint lab of Device Integrated Responsive Materials (DIRM)Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology & Institute of Electronic Paper DisplaysSouth China Academy of Advanced OptoelectronicsSouth China Normal UniversityGuangzhou510006China
- Stimuli-responsive Functional Materials and DevicesDepartment of Chemical Engineering and ChemistryEindhoven University of TechnologyDen Dolech 2, 5600MBEindhovenThe Netherlands
| | - Dirk J. Broer
- SCNU-TUE Joint lab of Device Integrated Responsive Materials (DIRM)Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology & Institute of Electronic Paper DisplaysSouth China Academy of Advanced OptoelectronicsSouth China Normal UniversityGuangzhou510006China
- Stimuli-responsive Functional Materials and DevicesDepartment of Chemical Engineering and ChemistryEindhoven University of TechnologyDen Dolech 2, 5600MBEindhovenThe Netherlands
| | - Jiawen Chen
- SCNU-UG International Joint Laboratory of Molecular Science and DisplaysNational Center for International Research on Green OptoelectronicsSouth China Normal UniversityGuangzhou510006China
| | - Ben L. Feringa
- SCNU-UG International Joint Laboratory of Molecular Science and DisplaysNational Center for International Research on Green OptoelectronicsSouth China Normal UniversityGuangzhou510006China
- Stratingh Institute for ChemistryUniversity of GroningenNijenborgh 49747AGGroningenThe Netherlands
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58
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Hou J, Mondal A, Long G, Haan L, Zhao W, Zhou G, Liu D, Broer DJ, Chen J, Feringa BL. Photo‐responsive Helical Motion by Light‐Driven Molecular Motors in a Liquid‐Crystal Network. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202016254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxin Hou
- SCNU-UG International Joint Laboratory of Molecular Science and Displays National Center for International Research on Green Optoelectronics South China Normal University Guangzhou 510006 China
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry University of Groningen Nijenborgh 4 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Anirban Mondal
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry University of Groningen Nijenborgh 4 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Guiying Long
- SCNU-UG International Joint Laboratory of Molecular Science and Displays National Center for International Research on Green Optoelectronics South China Normal University Guangzhou 510006 China
| | - Laurens Haan
- SCNU-TUE Joint lab of Device Integrated Responsive Materials (DIRM) Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology & Institute of Electronic Paper Displays South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics South China Normal University Guangzhou 510006 China
- Stimuli-responsive Functional Materials and Devices Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry Eindhoven University of Technology Den Dolech 2, 5600 MB Eindhoven The Netherlands
| | - Wei Zhao
- SCNU-TUE Joint lab of Device Integrated Responsive Materials (DIRM) Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology & Institute of Electronic Paper Displays South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics South China Normal University Guangzhou 510006 China
| | - Guofu Zhou
- SCNU-UG International Joint Laboratory of Molecular Science and Displays National Center for International Research on Green Optoelectronics South China Normal University Guangzhou 510006 China
- SCNU-TUE Joint lab of Device Integrated Responsive Materials (DIRM) Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology & Institute of Electronic Paper Displays South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics South China Normal University Guangzhou 510006 China
| | - Danqing Liu
- SCNU-TUE Joint lab of Device Integrated Responsive Materials (DIRM) Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology & Institute of Electronic Paper Displays South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics South China Normal University Guangzhou 510006 China
- Stimuli-responsive Functional Materials and Devices Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry Eindhoven University of Technology Den Dolech 2, 5600 MB Eindhoven The Netherlands
| | - Dirk J. Broer
- SCNU-TUE Joint lab of Device Integrated Responsive Materials (DIRM) Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology & Institute of Electronic Paper Displays South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics South China Normal University Guangzhou 510006 China
- Stimuli-responsive Functional Materials and Devices Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry Eindhoven University of Technology Den Dolech 2, 5600 MB Eindhoven The Netherlands
| | - Jiawen Chen
- SCNU-UG International Joint Laboratory of Molecular Science and Displays National Center for International Research on Green Optoelectronics South China Normal University Guangzhou 510006 China
| | - Ben L. Feringa
- SCNU-UG International Joint Laboratory of Molecular Science and Displays National Center for International Research on Green Optoelectronics South China Normal University Guangzhou 510006 China
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry University of Groningen Nijenborgh 4 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands
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59
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Roy P, Sardjan AS, Danowski W, Browne WR, Feringa BL, Meech SR. Photophysics of First-Generation Photomolecular Motors: Resolving Roles of Temperature, Friction, and Medium Polarity. J Phys Chem A 2021; 125:1711-1719. [PMID: 33606528 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.0c11050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Light-driven unidirectional molecular rotary motors have the potential to power molecular machines. Consequently, optimizing their speed and efficiency is an important objective. Here, we investigate factors controlling the photochemical yield of the prototypical unidirectional rotary motor, a sterically overcrowded alkene, through detailed investigation of its excited-state dynamics. An isoviscosity analysis of the ultrafast fluorescence decay data resolves friction from barrier effects and reveals a 3.4 ± 0.5 kJ mol-1 barrier to excited-state decay in nonpolar media. Extension of this analysis to polar solvents shows that this barrier height is a strong function of medium polarity and that the decay pathway becomes near barrierless in more polar media. Thus, the properties of the medium can be used as a route for controlling the motor's excited-state dynamics. The connection between these dynamics and the quantum yield of photochemical isomerization is probed. The photochemical quantum yield is shown to be a much weaker function of solvent polarity, and the most efficient excited-state decay pathway does not lead to a strongly enhanced quantum yield for isomerization. These results are discussed in terms of the solvent dependence of the complex multidimensional excited-state reaction coordinate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Palas Roy
- School of Chemistry, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7TJ, U.K
| | - Andy S Sardjan
- Molecular Inorganic Chemistry, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Wojciech Danowski
- Centre for Systems Chemistry, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Wesley R Browne
- Molecular Inorganic Chemistry, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ben L Feringa
- Centre for Systems Chemistry, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Stephen R Meech
- School of Chemistry, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7TJ, U.K
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60
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Li Y, Zhao T, Qing L, Yu H, Xu X, Li P, Zhao S. Solvation dynamics in simple fluids: Effect of solute size and potential. Chem Eng Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2020.116371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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61
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Huang Z, Jiang T, Wang J, Ma X, Tian H. Real-Time Visual Monitoring of Kinetically Controlled Self-Assembly. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:2855-2860. [PMID: 33098375 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202011740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The construction of artificial structures through hierarchical self-assembly based on noncovalent interactions, as well as monitoring during the self-assembly process, are important aspects of dynamic supramolecular chemistry. Herein we describe the complex dynamics of chiral N,N'-diphenyl dihydrodibenzo[a,c]phenazine derivatives (S)/(R)-DPAC, whose different assemblies were found to have distinct optical and morphological characteristics. With ratiometric fluorescence originating from vibration-induced emission (VIE), the self-assembly process from kinetic traps to the thermodynamic equilibrium state could be monitored in real time by optical spectrometry. During the morphology transformation from particles to nanobricks, strong circularly polarized luminescence was induced with glum =1.6×10-2 . The excited-state characteristics of the self-assemblies enabled investigation of the relationship between molecular aggregation and conformational change, thus allowing effective monitoring of the sophisticated supramolecular self-assembly process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zizhao Huang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Meilong Road 130, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China
| | - Tao Jiang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Meilong Road 130, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China
| | - Jie Wang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Meilong Road 130, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China
| | - Xiang Ma
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Meilong Road 130, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China
| | - He Tian
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Meilong Road 130, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China
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62
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Ousaka N, Yashima E. Stimuli-responsive Molecular Springs Based on Single- and Multi-stranded Helical Structures. CHEM LETT 2021. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.200737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Ousaka
- Molecular Engineering Institute, Kyushu Institute of Technology, Tobata-ku, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka 804-8550, Japan
| | - Eiji Yashima
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8603, Japan
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63
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Hu YX, Wu GY, Wang XQ, Yin GQ, Zhang CW, Li X, Xu L, Yang HB. Acid-Activated Motion Switching of DB24C8 between Two Discrete Platinum(II) Metallacycles. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26030716. [PMID: 33573149 PMCID: PMC7866548 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26030716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The precise operation of molecular motion for constructing complicated mechanically interlocked molecules has received considerable attention and is still an energetic field of supramolecular chemistry. Herein, we reported the construction of two tris[2]pseudorotaxanes metallacycles with acid-base controllable molecular motion through self-sorting strategy and host-guest interaction. Firstly, two hexagonal Pt(II) metallacycles M1 and M2 decorated with different host-guest recognition sites have been constructed via coordination-driven self-assembly strategy. The binding of metallacycles M1 and M2 with dibenzo-24-crown-8 (DB24C8) to form tris[2]pseudorotaxanes complexes TPRM1 and TPRM2 have been investigated. Furthermore, by taking advantage of the strong binding affinity between the protonated metallacycle M2 and DB24C8, the addition of trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) as a stimulus successfully induces an acid-activated motion switching of DB24C8 between the discrete metallacycles M1 and M2. This research not only affords a highly efficient way to construct stimuli-responsive smart supramolecular systems but also offers prospects for precisely control multicomponent cooperative motion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Xiong Hu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 3663 N. Zhongshan Road, Shanghai 200062, China; (Y.-X.H.); (G.-Y.W.); (X.-Q.W.); (C.-W.Z.)
| | - Gui-Yuan Wu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 3663 N. Zhongshan Road, Shanghai 200062, China; (Y.-X.H.); (G.-Y.W.); (X.-Q.W.); (C.-W.Z.)
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Material Science and Technology, School of Physics and Electronic Information, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Xu-Qing Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 3663 N. Zhongshan Road, Shanghai 200062, China; (Y.-X.H.); (G.-Y.W.); (X.-Q.W.); (C.-W.Z.)
| | - Guang-Qiang Yin
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518055, China; (G.-Q.Y.); (X.L.)
| | - Chang-Wei Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 3663 N. Zhongshan Road, Shanghai 200062, China; (Y.-X.H.); (G.-Y.W.); (X.-Q.W.); (C.-W.Z.)
| | - Xiaopeng Li
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518055, China; (G.-Q.Y.); (X.L.)
| | - Lin Xu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 3663 N. Zhongshan Road, Shanghai 200062, China; (Y.-X.H.); (G.-Y.W.); (X.-Q.W.); (C.-W.Z.)
- Correspondence: (L.X.); (H.-B.Y.)
| | - Hai-Bo Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 3663 N. Zhongshan Road, Shanghai 200062, China; (Y.-X.H.); (G.-Y.W.); (X.-Q.W.); (C.-W.Z.)
- Correspondence: (L.X.); (H.-B.Y.)
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64
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Shi ZT, Hu YX, Hu Z, Zhang Q, Chen SY, Chen M, Yu JJ, Yin GQ, Sun H, Xu L, Li X, Feringa BL, Yang HB, Tian H, Qu DH. Visible-Light-Driven Rotation of Molecular Motors in Discrete Supramolecular Metallacycles. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:442-452. [PMID: 33371675 PMCID: PMC7809693 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c11752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The organization of molecular motors in supramolecular assemblies to allow the amplification and transmission of motion and collective action is an important step toward future responsive systems. Metal-coordination-driven directional self-assembly into supramolecular metallacycles provides a powerful strategy to position several motor units in larger structures with well-defined geometries. Herein, we present a pyridyl-modified molecular motor ligand (MPY) which upon coordination with geometrically distinct di-Pt(II) acceptors assembles into discrete metallacycles of different sizes and shapes. This coordination leads to a red-shift of the absorption bands of molecular motors, making these motorized metallacycles responsive to visible light. Photochemical and thermal isomerization experiments demonstrated that the light-driven rotation of the motors in the metallacycles is similar to that in free MPY in solution. CD studies show that the helicity inversions associated with each isomerization step in the rotary cycle are preserved. To explore collective motion, the trimeric motor-containing metallacycle was aggregated with heparin through multiple electrostatic interactions, to construct a multi-component hierarchical system. SEM, TEM, and DLS measurements revealed that the photo- and thermal-responsive molecular motor units enabled selective manipulation of the secondary supramolecular aggregation process without dissociating the primary metallacycle structures. These visible-light-responsive metallacycles, with intrinsic multiple rotary motors, offer prospects for cooperative operations, dynamic hierarchical self-assembled systems, and adaptive materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao-Tao Shi
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Yi-Xiong Hu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Zhubin Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China.,Center for System Chemistry, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Shao-Yu Chen
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China.,Center for System Chemistry, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Meng Chen
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Jing-Jing Yu
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Guang-Qiang Yin
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Haitao Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Lin Xu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Xiaopeng Li
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Ben L Feringa
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China.,Center for System Chemistry, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Hai-Bo Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - He Tian
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Da-Hui Qu
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
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65
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Danowski W, van Leeuwen T, Browne WR, Feringa BL. Photoresponsive porous materials. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2021; 3:24-40. [PMID: 36131866 PMCID: PMC9417539 DOI: 10.1039/d0na00647e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Molecular machines, switches, and motors enable control over nanoscale molecular motion with unprecedented precision in artificial systems. Integration of these compounds into robust material scaffolds, in particular nanostructured solids, is a fabrication strategy for smart materials with unique properties that can be controlled with external stimuli. Here, we describe a subclass of these structures, namely light-responsive porous materials metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), covalent-organic frameworks (COFs), and porous aromatic frameworks (PAFs) appended with molecular photoswitches. In this review, we provide an overview of a broad range of light-responsive porous materials focusing on potential applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wojciech Danowski
- Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen Nijenborgh 4 Groningen 9747 AG The Netherlands
| | - Thomas van Leeuwen
- Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen Nijenborgh 4 Groningen 9747 AG The Netherlands
| | - Wesley R Browne
- Molecular Inorganic Chemistry, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen Nijenborgh 4 Groningen 9747 AG The Netherlands
| | - Ben L Feringa
- Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen Nijenborgh 4 Groningen 9747 AG The Netherlands
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66
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Juneja N, Zahid E, Unruh DK, Hutchins KM. Solid-state behaviors of imines: colossal biaxial positive thermal expansion, motion capability, and phase transitions. CrystEngComm 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1ce00706h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The torsional flexibility of imines affects solid-state packing and properties. Behaviors including colossal thermal expansion, pedal motion, and phase transitions in imine-containing solids are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navkiran Juneja
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Texas Tech University
- Lubbock
- USA
| | - Ethan Zahid
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Texas Tech University
- Lubbock
- USA
| | - Daniel K. Unruh
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Texas Tech University
- Lubbock
- USA
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67
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Evans JD, Krause S, Feringa BL. Cooperative and synchronized rotation in motorized porous frameworks: impact on local and global transport properties of confined fluids. Faraday Discuss 2021; 225:286-300. [DOI: 10.1039/d0fd00016g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Simulations reveal the influence of rotating molecular motors and the importance of orientation and directionality for altering the transport properties of fluids. This has outlined that motors with specific rotation can generate directed diffusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack D. Evans
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry
- Technische Universität Dresden
- 01062 Dresden
- Germany
| | - Simon Krause
- Centre for Systems Chemistry
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry
- University of Groningen
- Groningen
- The Netherlands
| | - Ben L. Feringa
- Centre for Systems Chemistry
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry
- University of Groningen
- Groningen
- The Netherlands
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68
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Goncharova IK, Tukhvatshin RS, Kholodkov DN, Novikov RA, Solodilov VI, Arzumanyan AV. Dumbbell-Shaped, Graft and Bottlebrush Polymers with All-Siloxane Nature: Synthetic Methodology, Thermal, and Rheological Behavior. Macromol Rapid Commun 2020; 42:e2000645. [PMID: 33345394 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202000645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A methodology for synthesizing a wide range of dumbbell-shaped, graft and bottlebrush polymers with all-siloxane nature (without carbosilane linkers) is suggested. These macroarchitectures are synthesized from SiOH-containing compounds-silanol (Et3 SiOH) and siloxanol dendrons of the first and second generations, with various peripheral substituents (Me or Et)-and from linear siloxanes comprising terminal and internal SiH groups by the Piers-Rubinsztajn reaction. Products and key building blocks are obtained in yields up to 95%. These polymers are heat and frost-resistant siloxanes. As it turns out, the product physical properties are determined not only by the macromolecular structure, the linear chain length, the size and frequency of branched pendant, but also by the type of peripheral substituents-Me or Et-in the pendant. Thus, the viscosity of the graft polymers with branched pendant groups comprising peripheral Me-groups is more than ≈3-5 fold lower than that of analogous polymers with peripheral Et-groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina K Goncharova
- Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, 28 Vavilov Street, Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Rinat S Tukhvatshin
- Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, 28 Vavilov Street, Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Dmitry N Kholodkov
- Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, 28 Vavilov Street, Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Roman A Novikov
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 47 Leninsky Pr., Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Vitaliy I Solodilov
- Semenov Federal Research Center For Chemical Physics Russian Academy of Sciences, 4 Kosygin Street, Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Ashot V Arzumanyan
- Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, 28 Vavilov Street, Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation
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69
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Wei L, Han ST, Jin TT, Zhan TG, Liu LJ, Cui J, Zhang KD. Towards photoswitchable quadruple hydrogen bonds via a reversible "photolocking" strategy for photocontrolled self-assembly. Chem Sci 2020; 12:1762-1771. [PMID: 34163937 PMCID: PMC8179285 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc06141g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Developing new photoswitchable noncovalent interaction motifs with controllable bonding affinity is crucial for the construction of photoresponsive supramolecular systems and materials. Here we describe a unique "photolocking" strategy for realizing photoswitchable control of quadruple hydrogen-bonding interactions on the basis of modifying the ureidopyrimidinone (UPy) module with an ortho-ester substituted azobenzene unit as the "photo-lock". Upon light irradiation, the obtained Azo-UPy motif is capable of unlocking/locking the partial H-bonding sites of the UPy unit, leading to photoswitching between homo- and heteroquadruple hydrogen-bonded dimers, which has been further applied for the fabrication of novel tunable hydrogen bonded supramolecular systems. This "photolocking" strategy appears to be broadly applicable in the rational design and construction of other H-bonding motifs with sufficiently photoswitchable noncovalent interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Wei
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, College of Chemistry and Life Science, Zhejiang Normal University 688 Yingbin Road Jinhua 321004 China
| | - Shi-Tao Han
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, College of Chemistry and Life Science, Zhejiang Normal University 688 Yingbin Road Jinhua 321004 China
| | - Ting-Ting Jin
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, College of Chemistry and Life Science, Zhejiang Normal University 688 Yingbin Road Jinhua 321004 China
| | - Tian-Guang Zhan
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, College of Chemistry and Life Science, Zhejiang Normal University 688 Yingbin Road Jinhua 321004 China
| | - Li-Juan Liu
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, College of Chemistry and Life Science, Zhejiang Normal University 688 Yingbin Road Jinhua 321004 China
| | - Jiecheng Cui
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, College of Chemistry and Life Science, Zhejiang Normal University 688 Yingbin Road Jinhua 321004 China
| | - Kang-Da Zhang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, College of Chemistry and Life Science, Zhejiang Normal University 688 Yingbin Road Jinhua 321004 China
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70
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Huang Z, Jiang T, Wang J, Ma X, Tian H. Real‐Time Visual Monitoring of Kinetically Controlled Self‐Assembly. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202011740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zizhao Huang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering East China University of Science and Technology Meilong Road 130 Shanghai 200237 P. R. China
| | - Tao Jiang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering East China University of Science and Technology Meilong Road 130 Shanghai 200237 P. R. China
| | - Jie Wang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering East China University of Science and Technology Meilong Road 130 Shanghai 200237 P. R. China
| | - Xiang Ma
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering East China University of Science and Technology Meilong Road 130 Shanghai 200237 P. R. China
| | - He Tian
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering East China University of Science and Technology Meilong Road 130 Shanghai 200237 P. R. China
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71
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Kolodzeiski E, Amirjalayer S. Elucidating the Impact of Molecular Motors on Their Solvation Environment. J Phys Chem B 2020; 124:10879-10888. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.0c06343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Elena Kolodzeiski
- Physikalisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Wilhelm-Klemm-Straße 10, Münster 48149, Germany
- Center for Nanotechnology, Heisenbergstraße 11, Münster 48149, Germany
- Center for Multiscale Theory and Computation, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Wilhelm-Klemm-Straße 10, Münster 48149, Germany
| | - Saeed Amirjalayer
- Physikalisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Wilhelm-Klemm-Straße 10, Münster 48149, Germany
- Center for Nanotechnology, Heisenbergstraße 11, Münster 48149, Germany
- Center for Multiscale Theory and Computation, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Wilhelm-Klemm-Straße 10, Münster 48149, Germany
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72
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Ryabchun A, Lancia F, Chen J, Morozov D, Feringa BL, Katsonis N. Helix Inversion Controlled by Molecular Motors in Multistate Liquid Crystals. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e2004420. [PMID: 33073425 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202004420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Unravelling the rules of molecular motion is a contemporary challenge that promises to support the development of responsive materials and is likely to enhance the understanding of functional motion. Advances in integrating light-driven molecular motors in soft matter have led to the design and realization of chiral nematic (cholesteric) liquid crystals that can respond to light with modification of their helical pitch, and also with helix inversion. Under illumination, these chiral liquid crystals convert from one helical geometry to another. Here, a series of light-driven molecular motors that feature a rich configurational landscape is presented, specifically which involves three stable chiral states. The succession of chiral structures involved in the motor cycle is transmitted at higher structural levels, as the cholesteric liquid crystals that are formed can interconvert between helices of opposite handedness, reversibly. In these materials, the dynamic features of the motors are thus expressed at the near-macroscopic, functional level, into addressable colors that can be used in advanced materials for tunable optics and photonics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Ryabchun
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 8, Groningen, 9747 AG, The Netherlands
| | - Federico Lancia
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 8, Groningen, 9747 AG, The Netherlands
| | - Jiawen Chen
- Institute of Electronic Paper Displays, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Dmitry Morozov
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience Center, University of Jyväskylä, PO Box 35, Jyväskylä, 40014, Finland
| | - Ben L Feringa
- Center for Systems Chemistry, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, Groningen, 9747 AG, The Netherlands
| | - Nathalie Katsonis
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 8, Groningen, 9747 AG, The Netherlands
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73
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Zheng ZG, Lu YQ, Li Q. Photoprogrammable Mesogenic Soft Helical Architectures: A Promising Avenue toward Future Chiro-Optics. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e1905318. [PMID: 32483915 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201905318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Revised: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Mesogenic soft materials, having single or multiple mesogen moieties per molecule, commonly exhibit typical self-organization characteristics, which promotes the formation of elegant helical superstructures or supramolecular assemblies in chiral environments. Such helical superstructures play key roles in the propagation of circularly polarized light and display optical properties with prominent handedness, that is, chiro-optical properties. The leveraging of light to program the chiro-optical properties of such mesogenic helical soft materials by homogeneously dispersing photosensitive chiral material into an achiral soft system or covalently connecting photochromic moieties to the molecules has attracted considerable attention in terms of materials, properties, and potential applications and has been a thriving topic in both fundamental science and application engineering. State-of-the-art technologies are described in terms of the material design, synthesis, properties, and modulation of photoprogrammable chiro-optical mesogenic soft helical architectures. Additionally, the scientific issues and technical problems that hinder further development of these materials for use in various fields are outlined and discussed. Such photoprogrammable mesogenic soft helical materials are competitive candidates for use in stimulus-controllable chiro-optical devices with high optical efficiency, stable optical properties, and easy miniaturization, facilitating the future integration and systemization of chiro-optical chips in photonics, photochemistry, biomedical engineering, chemical engineering, and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Gang Zheng
- Department of Physics, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Yan-Qing Lu
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Key Laboratory of Intelligent Optical Sensing and Manipulation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures and College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Quan Li
- Advanced Materials and Liquid Crystal Institute and Chemical Physics Interdisciplinary Program, Kent State University, Kent, OH, 44242, USA
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74
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Boursalian GB, Nijboer ER, Dorel R, Pfeifer L, Markovitch O, Blokhuis A, Feringa BL. All-Photochemical Rotation of Molecular Motors with a Phosphorus Stereoelement. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:16868-16876. [PMID: 32905701 PMCID: PMC7530895 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c08249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
![]()
Unidirectional molecular
rotation based on alternating photochemical
and thermal isomerizations of overcrowded alkenes is well established,
but rotary cycles based purely on photochemical isomerizations are
rare. Herein we report three new second-generation molecular motors
featuring a phosphorus center in the lower half, which engenders a
unique element of axial chirality. These motors exhibit unusual behavior,
in that all four diastereomeric states can interconvert solely photochemically.
Kinetic analysis and modeling reveal that the behavior of the new
motors is consistent with all-photochemical unidirectional rotation.
Furthermore, X-ray crystal structures of all four diastereomeric states
of two of these new motors were obtained, which constitute the first
achievements of crystallographic characterization of the full 360°
rotational cycle of overcrowded-alkene-based molecular motors. Finally,
the axial phosphorus stereoelement in the phosphine motor can
be thermally inverted, and this epimerization enables a “shortcut”
of the traditional rotational cycle of these compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory B Boursalian
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Eise R Nijboer
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ruth Dorel
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Lukas Pfeifer
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Omer Markovitch
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands.,Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands.,Origins Center, Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Alex Blokhuis
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands.,Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ben L Feringa
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
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75
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Zhang H, Zhao Z, Turley AT, Wang L, McGonigal PR, Tu Y, Li Y, Wang Z, Kwok RTK, Lam JWY, Tang BZ. Aggregate Science: From Structures to Properties. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e2001457. [PMID: 32734656 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202001457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Molecular science entails the study of structures and properties of materials at the level of single molecules or small interacting complexes of molecules. Moving beyond single molecules and well-defined complexes, aggregates (i.e., irregular clusters of many molecules) serve as a particularly useful form of materials that often display modified or wholly new properties compared to their molecular components. Some unique structures and phenomena such as polymorphic aggregates, aggregation-induced symmetry breaking, and cluster excitons are only identified in aggregates, as a few examples of their exotic features. Here, by virtue of the flourishing research on aggregation-induced emission, the concept of "aggregate science" is put forward to fill the gaps between molecules and aggregates. Structures and properties on the aggregate scale are also systematically summarized. The structure-property relationships established for aggregates are expected to contribute to new materials and technological development. Ultimately, aggregate science may become an interdisciplinary research field and serves as a general platform for academic research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoke Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction and Institute for Advanced Study, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
- HKUST-Shenzhen Research Institute, No. 9 Yuexing 1st Rd, South Area, Hi-tech Park, Nanshan, Shenzhen, 518057, China
| | - Zheng Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction and Institute for Advanced Study, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
- HKUST-Shenzhen Research Institute, No. 9 Yuexing 1st Rd, South Area, Hi-tech Park, Nanshan, Shenzhen, 518057, China
| | - Andrew T Turley
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University, Lower Mountjoy, Stockton Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK
| | - Lin Wang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Paul R McGonigal
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University, Lower Mountjoy, Stockton Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK
| | - Yujie Tu
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction and Institute for Advanced Study, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
- HKUST-Shenzhen Research Institute, No. 9 Yuexing 1st Rd, South Area, Hi-tech Park, Nanshan, Shenzhen, 518057, China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction and Institute for Advanced Study, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
- HKUST-Shenzhen Research Institute, No. 9 Yuexing 1st Rd, South Area, Hi-tech Park, Nanshan, Shenzhen, 518057, China
| | - Zhaoyu Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction and Institute for Advanced Study, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
- HKUST-Shenzhen Research Institute, No. 9 Yuexing 1st Rd, South Area, Hi-tech Park, Nanshan, Shenzhen, 518057, China
| | - Ryan T K Kwok
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction and Institute for Advanced Study, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
- HKUST-Shenzhen Research Institute, No. 9 Yuexing 1st Rd, South Area, Hi-tech Park, Nanshan, Shenzhen, 518057, China
| | - Jacky W Y Lam
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction and Institute for Advanced Study, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
- HKUST-Shenzhen Research Institute, No. 9 Yuexing 1st Rd, South Area, Hi-tech Park, Nanshan, Shenzhen, 518057, China
| | - Ben Zhong Tang
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction and Institute for Advanced Study, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
- HKUST-Shenzhen Research Institute, No. 9 Yuexing 1st Rd, South Area, Hi-tech Park, Nanshan, Shenzhen, 518057, China
- Center for Aggregation-Induced Emission, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, SCUT-HKUST Joint Research Institute, South China University of Technology, Tianhe Qu, Guangzhou, 510640, China
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76
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Doistau B, Jiménez JR, Piguet C. Beyond Chiral Organic (p-Block) Chromophores for Circularly Polarized Luminescence: The Success of d-Block and f-Block Chiral Complexes. Front Chem 2020; 8:555. [PMID: 32850617 PMCID: PMC7399180 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.00555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Chiral molecules are essential for the development of advanced technological applications in spintronic and photonic. The best systems should produce large circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) as estimated by their dissymmetry factor (g lum), which can reach the maximum values of -2 ≤ g lum ≤ 2 when either pure right- or left-handed polarized light is emitted after standard excitation. For matching this requirement, theoretical considerations indicate that optical transitions with large magnetic and weak electric transition dipole moments represent the holy grail of CPL. Because of their detrimental strong and allowed electric dipole transitions, popular chiral emissive organic molecules display generally moderate dissymmetry factors (10-5 ≤ g lum ≤ 10-3). However, recent efforts in this field show that g lum can be significantly enhanced when the chiral organic activators are part of chiral supramolecular assemblies or of liquid crystalline materials. At the other extreme, chiral EuIII- and SmIII-based complexes, which possess intra-shell parity-forbidden electric but allowed magnetic dipole transitions, have yielded the largest dissymmetry factor reported so far with g lum ~ 1.38. Consequently, 4f-based metal complexes with strong CPL are currently the best candidates for potential technological applications. They however suffer from the need for highly pure samples and from considerable production costs. In this context, chiral earth-abundant and cheap d-block metal complexes benefit from a renewed interest according that their CPL signal can be optimized despite the larger covalency displayed by d-block cations compared with 4f-block analogs. This essay thus aims at providing a minimum overview of the theoretical aspects rationalizing circularly polarized luminescence and their exploitation for the design of chiral emissive metal complexes with strong CPL. Beyond the corroboration that f-f transitions are ideal candidates for generating large dissymmetry factors, a special attention is focused on the recent attempts to use chiral CrIII-based complexes that reach values of g lum up to 0.2. This could pave the way for replacing high-cost rare earths with cheap transition metals for CPL applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Doistau
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Juan-Ramón Jiménez
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Claude Piguet
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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77
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Krause S, Feringa BL. Towards artificial molecular factories from framework-embedded molecular machines. Nat Rev Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1038/s41570-020-0209-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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78
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Villarón D, Wezenberg SJ. Stiff-Stilbene Photoswitches: From Fundamental Studies to Emergent Applications. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:13192-13202. [PMID: 32222016 PMCID: PMC7496324 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202001031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Stiff-stilbene, a sterically restricted fused ring analogue of stilbene, has been regularly used as a model compound in theoretical studies of stilbene photoisomerization. Lately, owing to its excellent photoswitching properties, it is increasingly being applied to reversibly control the properties and function of chemical as well as biological systems. Stiff-stilbene photoswitches possess a number of advantageous properties including a high quantum yield for photoisomerization and a high thermal stability. Furthermore, they undergo a large geometrical change upon isomerization and their synthesis is straightforward. Herein, we provide an overview of the basic properties of stiff-stilbene and of recent applications in supramolecular chemistry, catalysis, and biological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Villarón
- Leiden Institute of ChemistryLeiden UniversityEinsteinweg 55, 2333CCLeidenThe Netherlands
| | - Sander J. Wezenberg
- Leiden Institute of ChemistryLeiden UniversityEinsteinweg 55, 2333CCLeidenThe Netherlands
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79
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Nayani K, Córdova-Figueroa UM, Abbott NL. Steering Active Emulsions with Liquid Crystals. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2020; 36:6948-6956. [PMID: 31804839 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b02975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Colloids dispersed in liquid crystals (LCs) diffuse preferentially along the LC director because this direction of displacement generates the lowest hydrodynamic drag. In this article, we report on the active transport of micrometer-sized nematic droplets of 4'-pentyl-4-biphenylcarbonitrile (5CB) propelled through a continuous LC phase formed from aqueous solutions of disodium cromoglycate (DSCG) by Marangoni stresses (generated through the addition of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)). We observe the nematic droplets to exhibit motion guided by the continuous LC phase, but in contrast to passive diffusion, the LC droplets move preferentially in a direction perpendicular to the continuous-phase LC director. Our results suggest that the LC droplets, with internal symmetry broken by the Marangoni flow, interact through orientation-dependent van der Waals forces with the LC continuous phase, biasing the orientation of the droplets and the direction of propulsion orthogonal to the far-field director of the continuous LC phase. This proposal is supported by measurements of the orientations of droplets of 5CB and 4-ethoxy-4'-(6-acryloyloxyhexyloxy) azobenzene (RM257) polymerized in a preradial director configuration, which reveal the polymerized droplets to adopt orientations that are biased toward the perpendicular of the far-field DSCG director. Additionally, we demonstrate that preferential motion parallel to the continuous-phase LC director is recovered when using self-propelled isotropic oil droplets. We also observe periodic changes in the instantaneous velocities of LC droplets. We show the changes to correlate with the formation and detachment of satellite droplets, consistent with the solubilization of the nematic oil into surfactant assemblies near the trailing edge of the droplets and their accumulation near a stagnation region downstream of the droplet. Overall, our results provide fundamental insights into ways in which LC ordering can change the dynamics of active colloidal systems and hint at principles by which the motion of active colloids can be steered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karthik Nayani
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Ubaldo M Córdova-Figueroa
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Puerto Rico-Mayagüez, Mayagüez 00682, Puerto Rico, United States
| | - Nicholas L Abbott
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
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80
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Modulation of porosity in a solid material enabled by bulk photoisomerization of an overcrowded alkene. Nat Chem 2020; 12:595-602. [DOI: 10.1038/s41557-020-0493-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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81
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Costil R, Crespi S, Pfeifer L, Feringa BL. Modulation of a Supramolecular Figure-of-Eight Strip Based on a Photoswitchable Stiff-Stilbene. Chemistry 2020; 26:7783-7787. [PMID: 32343010 PMCID: PMC7384132 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202002051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The preparation, assembly and dynamic properties of photoswitchable bisphosphine ligands based on the stiff‐stilbene scaffold are reported. Directional bonding and coordination‐induced assembly allow complexation of these ligands with palladium(II), resulting in the formation of discrete metallo‐supramolecular entities. While the Z isomer forms a simple bidentate metallo‐macrocycle, an intricate double helicate figure‐of‐eight dimer is observed with the E ligand. Topologically 3D complexes can thus be obtained from 2D ligands. Upon irradiation with UV light, isomerization of the ligands allows control of the architecture of the formed complexes, resulting in a light‐triggered modulation of the supramolecular topology. Furthermore, a mechanistic investigation unveiled the dynamic nature of the helicate chirality, where a transmission of motion from the palladium centers yields an „eight‐to‐eight“ inversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romain Costil
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747, AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Stefano Crespi
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747, AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Lukas Pfeifer
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747, AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ben L Feringa
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747, AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
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82
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Chausov DN, Kurilov AD, Kucherov RN, Simakin AV, Gudkov SV. Electro-optical performance of nematic liquid crystals doped with gold nanoparticles. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2020; 32:395102. [PMID: 32454469 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ab966c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The effect of gold nanoparticles on the dielectric, electro-optical, and rheological properties of the ZhK-1289 liquid-crystal mixture that define the response time of liquid-crystal devices with a concentration range of 0.06-5 wt% was investigated in this study. A phase diagram of the obtained composites was formed demonstrating an increase in the clearing temperature and a broadening of the mesophase existence range in the case of doping nanoparticles. It was found that in the obtained dispersions there are structural rearrangements in the low concentration range leading to an increase in the lateral bending stiffness of the liquid-crystal matrix, a decrease in the response time and threshold voltage of the Freedericksz transition, and also an increase in the anisotropy of the dielectric permittivity and the refraction index. The improvement of the electro-optical performance of the liquid crystal can be caused by the nanoparticle adsorption of impurity ions, which reduces the field-screening effect in the liquid crystal. According to the results obtained in this study, the optimal values of the physical parameters of liquid-crystal composites doped with gold nanoparticles for their application in practice are achieved in a concentration range of 0.5-1 wt%.
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Affiliation(s)
- D N Chausov
- Moscow Region State University, 24 Very Voloshinoy St., Mytishchi, 141014, Russia
| | - A D Kurilov
- Moscow Region State University, 24 Very Voloshinoy St., Mytishchi, 141014, Russia
| | - R N Kucherov
- Moscow Region State University, 24 Very Voloshinoy St., Mytishchi, 141014, Russia
| | - A V Simakin
- Prokhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 38 Vavilova St., Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - S V Gudkov
- Prokhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 38 Vavilova St., Moscow, 119991, Russia
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83
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Naumov P, Karothu DP, Ahmed E, Catalano L, Commins P, Mahmoud Halabi J, Al-Handawi MB, Li L. The Rise of the Dynamic Crystals. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:13256-13272. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c05440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Panče Naumov
- New York University Abu Dhabi, P.O. Box 129188, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study, Harvard University, 10 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | | | - Ejaz Ahmed
- New York University Abu Dhabi, P.O. Box 129188, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Luca Catalano
- New York University Abu Dhabi, P.O. Box 129188, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Patrick Commins
- New York University Abu Dhabi, P.O. Box 129188, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Jad Mahmoud Halabi
- New York University Abu Dhabi, P.O. Box 129188, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | | | - Liang Li
- New York University Abu Dhabi, P.O. Box 129188, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
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84
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Villarón D, Wezenberg SJ. Stiff‐Stilbene Photoswitches: From Fundamental Studies to Emergent Applications. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202001031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David Villarón
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry Leiden University Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden The Netherlands
| | - Sander J. Wezenberg
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry Leiden University Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden The Netherlands
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85
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Danowski W, Castiglioni F, Sardjan AS, Krause S, Pfeifer L, Roke D, Comotti A, Browne WR, Feringa BL. Visible-Light-Driven Rotation of Molecular Motors in a Dual-Function Metal-Organic Framework Enabled by Energy Transfer. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:9048-9056. [PMID: 32324391 PMCID: PMC7232677 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c03063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The visible-light-driven rotation of an overcrowded alkene-based molecular motor strut in a dual-function metal-organic framework (MOF) is reported. Two types of functional linkers, a palladium-porphyrin photosensitizer and a bispyridine-derived molecular motor, were used to construct the framework capable of harvesting low-energy green light to power the rotary motion. The molecular motor was introduced in the framework using the postsynthetic solvent-assisted linker exchange (SALE) method, and the structure of the material was confirmed by powder (PXRD) and single-crystal X-ray (SC-XRD) diffraction. The large decrease in the phosphorescence lifetime and intensity of the porphyrin in the MOFs upon introduction of the molecular motor pillars confirms efficient triplet-to-triplet energy transfer between the porphyrin linkers and the molecular motor. Near-infrared Raman spectroscopy revealed that the visible light-driven rotation of the molecular motor proceeds in the solid state at rates similar to those observed in solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wojciech Danowski
- Centre
for Systems Chemistry, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747
AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Fabio Castiglioni
- Department
of Materials Science, University of Milano
Bicocca, Via R. Cozzi 55, 20125 Milan, Italy
| | - Andy S. Sardjan
- Molecular
Inorganic Chemistry Group, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Simon Krause
- Centre
for Systems Chemistry, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747
AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Lukas Pfeifer
- Centre
for Systems Chemistry, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747
AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Diederik Roke
- Centre
for Systems Chemistry, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747
AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Angiolina Comotti
- Department
of Materials Science, University of Milano
Bicocca, Via R. Cozzi 55, 20125 Milan, Italy
| | - Wesley R. Browne
- Centre
for Systems Chemistry, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747
AG Groningen, The Netherlands
- Molecular
Inorganic Chemistry Group, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ben L. Feringa
- Centre
for Systems Chemistry, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747
AG Groningen, The Netherlands
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86
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Saylan Y, Erdem Ö, Inci F, Denizli A. Advances in Biomimetic Systems for Molecular Recognition and Biosensing. Biomimetics (Basel) 2020; 5:biomimetics5020020. [PMID: 32408710 PMCID: PMC7345028 DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics5020020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the fundamentals of natural design, structure, and function has pushed the limits of current knowledge and has enabled us to transfer knowledge from the bench to the market as a product. In particular, biomimicry―one of the crucial strategies in this respect―has allowed researchers to tackle major challenges in the disciplines of engineering, biology, physics, materials science, and medicine. It has an enormous impact on these fields with pivotal applications, which are not limited to the applications of biocompatible tooth implants, programmable drug delivery systems, biocompatible tissue scaffolds, organ-on-a-chip systems, wearable platforms, molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs), and smart biosensors. Among them, MIPs provide a versatile strategy to imitate the procedure of molecular recognition precisely, creating structural fingerprint replicas of molecules for biorecognition studies. Owing to their affordability, easy-to-fabricate/use features, stability, specificity, and multiplexing capabilities, host-guest recognition systems have largely benefitted from the MIP strategy. This review article is structured with four major points: (i) determining the requirement of biomimetic systems and denoting multiple examples in this manner; (ii) introducing the molecular imprinting method and reviewing recent literature to elaborate the power and impact of MIPs on a variety of scientific and industrial fields; (iii) exemplifying the MIP-integrated systems, i.e., chromatographic systems, lab-on-a-chip systems, and sensor systems; and (iv) closing remarks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeşeren Saylan
- Department of Chemistry, Hacettepe University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey;
| | - Özgecan Erdem
- Department of Biology, Hacettepe University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey;
- UNAM-National Nanotechnology Research Center, Bilkent University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey;
| | - Fatih Inci
- UNAM-National Nanotechnology Research Center, Bilkent University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey;
- Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Bilkent University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Adil Denizli
- Department of Chemistry, Hacettepe University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey;
- Correspondence:
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87
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Goulet-Hanssens A, Eisenreich F, Hecht S. Enlightening Materials with Photoswitches. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e1905966. [PMID: 31975456 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201905966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 225] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Revised: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Incorporating molecular photoswitches into various materials provides unique opportunities for controlling their properties and functions with high spatiotemporal resolution using remote optical stimuli. The great and largely still untapped potential of these photoresponsive systems has not yet been fully exploited due to the fundamental challenges in harnessing geometrical and electronic changes on the molecular level to modulate macroscopic and bulk material properties. Herein, progress made during the past decade in the field of photoswitchable materials is highlighted. After pointing to some general design principles, materials with an increasing order of the integrated photoswitchable units are discussed, spanning the range from amorphous settings over surfaces/interfaces and supramolecular ensembles, to liquid crystalline and crystalline phases. Finally, some potential future directions are pointed out in the conclusion. In view of the exciting recent achievements in the field, the future emergence and further development of light-driven and optically programmable (inter)active materials and systems are eagerly anticipated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis Goulet-Hanssens
- Department of Chemistry & IRIS Adlershof, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Str. 2, 12489, Berlin, Germany
- DWI - Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials, Forckenbeckstr. 50, 52056, Aachen, Germany
- Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Worringer Weg 2, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Fabian Eisenreich
- Department of Chemistry & IRIS Adlershof, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Str. 2, 12489, Berlin, Germany
- DWI - Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials, Forckenbeckstr. 50, 52056, Aachen, Germany
- Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Worringer Weg 2, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Stefan Hecht
- Department of Chemistry & IRIS Adlershof, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Str. 2, 12489, Berlin, Germany
- DWI - Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials, Forckenbeckstr. 50, 52056, Aachen, Germany
- Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Worringer Weg 2, 52074, Aachen, Germany
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88
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Corra S, Curcio M, Baroncini M, Silvi S, Credi A. Photoactivated Artificial Molecular Machines that Can Perform Tasks. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e1906064. [PMID: 31957172 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201906064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Revised: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Research on artificial photoactivated molecular machines has moved in recent years from a basic scientific endeavor toward a more applicative effort. Nowadays, the prospect of reproducing the operation of natural nanomachines with artificial counterparts is no longer a dream but a concrete possibility. The progress toward the construction of molecular-machine-based devices and materials in which light irradiation results in the execution of a task as a result of nanoscale movements is illustrated here. After a brief description of a few basic types of photoactivated molecular machines, significant examples of their exploitation to perform predetermined functions are presented. These include switchable catalysts, nanoactuators that interact with cellular membranes, transporters of small molecular cargos, and active joints capable of mechanically coupling molecular-scale movements. Investigations aimed at harnessing the collective operation of a multitude of molecular machines organized in arrays to perform tasks at the microscale and macroscale in hard and soft materials are also reviewed. Surfaces, gels, liquid crystals, polymers, and self-assembled nanostructures are described wherein the nanoscale movement of embedded molecular machines is amplified, allowing the realization of muscle-like actuators, microfluidic devices, and polymeric materials for light energy transduction and storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Corra
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Agro-alimentari, Università di Bologna, Viale Fanin 44, 40127, Bologna, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Curcio
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Agro-alimentari, Università di Bologna, Viale Fanin 44, 40127, Bologna, Italy
| | - Massimo Baroncini
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Agro-alimentari, Università di Bologna, Viale Fanin 44, 40127, Bologna, Italy
| | - Serena Silvi
- Dipartimento di Chimica "G. Ciamician", Università di Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40127, Bologna, Italy
| | - Alberto Credi
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Agro-alimentari, Università di Bologna, Viale Fanin 44, 40127, Bologna, Italy
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89
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Wu Y, Okesola BO, Xu J, Korotkin I, Berardo A, Corridori I, di Brocchetti FLP, Kanczler J, Feng J, Li W, Shi Y, Farafonov V, Wang Y, Thompson RF, Titirici MM, Nerukh D, Karabasov S, Oreffo ROC, Carlos Rodriguez-Cabello J, Vozzi G, Azevedo HS, Pugno NM, Wang W, Mata A. Disordered protein-graphene oxide co-assembly and supramolecular biofabrication of functional fluidic devices. Nat Commun 2020; 11:1182. [PMID: 32132534 PMCID: PMC7055247 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-14716-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Supramolecular chemistry offers an exciting opportunity to assemble materials with molecular precision. However, there remains an unmet need to turn molecular self-assembly into functional materials and devices. Harnessing the inherent properties of both disordered proteins and graphene oxide (GO), we report a disordered protein-GO co-assembling system that through a diffusion-reaction process and disorder-to-order transitions generates hierarchically organized materials that exhibit high stability and access to non-equilibrium on demand. We use experimental approaches and molecular dynamics simulations to describe the underlying molecular mechanism of formation and establish key rules for its design and regulation. Through rapid prototyping techniques, we demonstrate the system's capacity to be controlled with spatio-temporal precision into well-defined capillary-like fluidic microstructures with a high level of biocompatibility and, importantly, the capacity to withstand flow. Our study presents an innovative approach to transform rational supramolecular design into functional engineering with potential widespread use in microfluidic systems and organ-on-a-chip platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanhao Wu
- Institute of Bioengineering, Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 4NS, UK
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 4NS, UK
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, NG7 2RD, Nottingham, UK
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Nottingham, NG7 2RD, Nottingham, UK
- Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, NG7 2RD, Nottingham, UK
| | - Babatunde O Okesola
- Institute of Bioengineering, Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 4NS, UK
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 4NS, UK
| | - Jing Xu
- Institute of Bioengineering, Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 4NS, UK
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 4NS, UK
| | - Ivan Korotkin
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 4NS, UK
- Mathematical Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Alice Berardo
- Laboratory of Bio-inspired, Bionic, Nano, Meta Materials & Mechanics, Università di Trento, via Mesiano, 77, I-38123, Trento, Italy
- C3A - Center Agriculture Food Environment, University of Trento/Fondazione Edmund Mach, Via Edmund Mach, 1 - 38010, San Michele all'Adige (TN), Italy
| | - Ilaria Corridori
- Laboratory of Bio-inspired, Bionic, Nano, Meta Materials & Mechanics, Università di Trento, via Mesiano, 77, I-38123, Trento, Italy
| | | | - Janos Kanczler
- Bone and Joint Research Group, Centre for Human Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration, Institute of Developmental Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Jingyu Feng
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 4NS, UK
| | - Weiqi Li
- Institute of Bioengineering, Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 4NS, UK
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 4NS, UK
| | - Yejiao Shi
- Institute of Bioengineering, Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 4NS, UK
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 4NS, UK
| | - Vladimir Farafonov
- Department of Physical Chemistry, V. N. Karazin Kharkiv National University, Svobody Sq. 4, Kharkiv, 61022, Ukraine
| | - Yiqiang Wang
- United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority, Culham Science Centre, Abingdon, OX14 3DB, UK
| | - Rebecca F Thompson
- The Astbury Biostructure Laboratory, Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Maria-Magdalena Titirici
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 4NS, UK
| | - Dmitry Nerukh
- Systems Analytics Research Institute, Department of Mathematics, Aston University, Birmingham, B4 7ET, UK
| | - Sergey Karabasov
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 4NS, UK
| | - Richard O C Oreffo
- Bone and Joint Research Group, Centre for Human Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration, Institute of Developmental Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
| | | | - Giovanni Vozzi
- Research Center'E. Piaggio' & Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell'Informazione, University of Pisa, Largo Lucio Lazzarino, 256126, Pisa, Italy
| | - Helena S Azevedo
- Institute of Bioengineering, Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 4NS, UK
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 4NS, UK
| | - Nicola M Pugno
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 4NS, UK
- Laboratory of Bio-inspired, Bionic, Nano, Meta Materials & Mechanics, Università di Trento, via Mesiano, 77, I-38123, Trento, Italy
- KET Labs, Edoardo Amaldi Foundation, Via del Politecnico snc, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Wen Wang
- Institute of Bioengineering, Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 4NS, UK
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 4NS, UK
| | - Alvaro Mata
- Institute of Bioengineering, Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 4NS, UK.
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 4NS, UK.
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, NG7 2RD, Nottingham, UK.
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Nottingham, NG7 2RD, Nottingham, UK.
- Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, NG7 2RD, Nottingham, UK.
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90
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Chattaraj KG, Paul R, Paul S. Switching of Self-Assembly to Solvent-Assisted Assembly of Molecular Motor: Unveiling the Mechanisms of Dynamic Control on Solvent Exchange. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2020; 36:1773-1792. [PMID: 32024360 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b03718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Natural biological molecular motors are capable of performing several biological functions, such as fuel production, mobility, transport, and many other dynamic features. Inspired by these biological motors, scientists effectively synthesized artificial molecular motors to mimic several biological functionalities. Several molecular systems, from sensitive materials to molecular motors, are essential for controlling dynamic processes in larger assemblies. In this work, we discuss the self-assembly of molecular motors in water and how this self-assembly switches to the solvent-assisted assembly as solvent changes to a water-THF (tetrahydrofuran) mixture. We present an elaborate description of the morphological changes of molecular motor assemblies from pure water to a water-THF mixture to pure THF. Under the influence of THF solvent, molecular motors form an assembled structure by taking a sufficient number of THF molecules in between themselves, resulting in an assembled molecular motor with a softened core. So, molecular motor assembly swells in the water-THF mixture, and in pure water, it shrinks. This solvent-assisted assembled structure has a specific shape. We have confirmed this assembly as a solvent-assisted assembly with the help of molecular dynamics simulation and quantum chemical analysis. Molecular motor-THF and THF-THF interactions are the main responsible interactions for solvent-assisted assembly over self-assembly. This work is a perfect example of conversion between self-assembly (shrinking) and solvent-assisted assembly (swelling) of molecular motors by adding THF into water or vice versa. A spectacular check on the shrinking and swelling by merely altering solvents illustrates so many intriguing possibilities for an alteration of dynamic processes at the nanoscale.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rabindranath Paul
- Department of Chemistry , Indian Institute of Technology , Guwahati , Assam 781039 , India
| | - Sandip Paul
- Department of Chemistry , Indian Institute of Technology , Guwahati , Assam 781039 , India
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91
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Wendler F, Sittig M, Tom JC, Dietzek B, Schacher FH. Polymeric Photoacids Based on Naphthols-Design Criteria, Photostability, and Light-Mediated Release. Chemistry 2020; 26:2365-2379. [PMID: 31610047 PMCID: PMC7064900 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201903819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Revised: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The implementation of photoswitches within polymers offers an exciting toolbox in the design of light-responsive materials as irradiation can be controlled both spatially and temporally. Herein, we introduce a range of water-soluble copolymers featuring naphthol-based chromophores as photoacids in the side chain. With that, the resulting materials experience a drastic increase in acidity upon stimulation with UV light and we systematically studied how structure and distance of the photoacid from the copolymer backbone determines polymerizability, photo-response, and photostability. Briefly, we used RAFT (reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer) polymerization to prepare copolymers consisting of nona(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate (MEO9 MA) as water-soluble comonomer in combination with six different 1-naphthol-based ("N") monomers. Thereby, we distinguish between methacrylates (NMA, NOeMA), methacrylamides (NMAm, NOeMAm), vinyl naphthol (VN), and post-polymerization modification based on [(1-hydroxynaphthalen-2-amido)ethyl]amine (NOeMAm, NAmeMAm). These P(MEO9 MAx -co-"N"y ) copolymers typically feature a 4:1 MEO9 MA to "N" ratio and molar masses in the range of 10 kg mol-1 . After synthesis and characterization by using NMR spectroscopy and size exclusion chromatography (SEC), we investigated how potential photo-cleavage or photo-degradation during irradiation depends on the type and distance of the linker to the copolymeric backbone and whether reversible excited state proton transfer (ESPT) occurs under these conditions. In our opinion, such materials will be strong assets as light-mediated proton sources in nanostructured environments, for example, for the site-specific creation of proton gradients. We therefore exemplarily incorporated NMA into an amphiphilic block copolymer and could demonstrate the light-mediated release of Nile red from micelles formed in water as selective solvent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Wendler
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC)Friedrich Schiller University JenaHumboldtstrasse 1007743JenaGermany
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM)Friedrich Schiller University JenaPhilosophenweg 707743JenaGermany
| | - Maria Sittig
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM)Friedrich Schiller University JenaPhilosophenweg 707743JenaGermany
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of PhotonicsFriedrich-Schiller-University JenaHelmholtzweg 407743JenaGermany
- Department of Functional InterfacesLeibniz Institute of Photonic Technology JenaAlbert-Einstein-Strasse 907745JenaGermany
| | - Jessica C. Tom
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC)Friedrich Schiller University JenaHumboldtstrasse 1007743JenaGermany
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM)Friedrich Schiller University JenaPhilosophenweg 707743JenaGermany
| | - Benjamin Dietzek
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM)Friedrich Schiller University JenaPhilosophenweg 707743JenaGermany
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of PhotonicsFriedrich-Schiller-University JenaHelmholtzweg 407743JenaGermany
- Department of Functional InterfacesLeibniz Institute of Photonic Technology JenaAlbert-Einstein-Strasse 907745JenaGermany
| | - Felix H. Schacher
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC)Friedrich Schiller University JenaHumboldtstrasse 1007743JenaGermany
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM)Friedrich Schiller University JenaPhilosophenweg 707743JenaGermany
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92
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Zhou Q, Chen J, Luan Y, Vainikka PA, Thallmair S, Marrink SJ, Feringa BL, van Rijn P. Unidirectional rotating molecular motors dynamically interact with adsorbed proteins to direct the fate of mesenchymal stem cells. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:eaay2756. [PMID: 32064345 PMCID: PMC6989133 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aay2756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Artificial rotary molecular motors convert energy into controlled motion and drive a system out of equilibrium with molecular precision. The molecular motion is harnessed to mediate the adsorbed protein layer and then ultimately to direct the fate of human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hBM-MSCs). When influenced by the rotary motion of light-driven molecular motors grafted on surfaces, the adsorbed protein layer primes hBM-MSCs to differentiate into osteoblasts, while without rotation, multipotency is better maintained. We have shown that the signaling effects of the molecular motion are mediated by the adsorbed cell-instructing protein layer, influencing the focal adhesion-cytoskeleton actin transduction pathway and regulating the protein and gene expression of hBM-MSCs. This unique molecular-based platform paves the way for implementation of dynamic interfaces for stem cell control and provides an opportunity for novel dynamic biomaterial engineering for clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qihui Zhou
- Institute for Translational Medicine, Department of Periodontology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Biomedical Engineering—FB40, W.J. Kolff Institute for Biomedical Engineering and Materials Science—FB41, A. Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Jiawen Chen
- Center for Systems Chemistry, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747AG Groningen, Netherlands
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Yafei Luan
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Biomedical Engineering—FB40, W.J. Kolff Institute for Biomedical Engineering and Materials Science—FB41, A. Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Petteri A. Vainikka
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG, Groningen, Netherlands
- Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Sebastian Thallmair
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG, Groningen, Netherlands
- Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Siewert J. Marrink
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG, Groningen, Netherlands
- Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Ben L. Feringa
- Center for Systems Chemistry, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747AG Groningen, Netherlands
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Patrick van Rijn
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Biomedical Engineering—FB40, W.J. Kolff Institute for Biomedical Engineering and Materials Science—FB41, A. Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, Netherlands
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG, Groningen, Netherlands
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93
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Raji Reddy C, Ganesh V, Singh AK. E– Z isomerization of 3-benzylidene-indolin-2-ones using a microfluidic photo-reactor. RSC Adv 2020; 10:28630-28634. [PMID: 35520055 PMCID: PMC9055887 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra05288d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Here, we report controlled E–Z isomeric motion of the functionalized 3-benzylidene-indolin-2-ones under various solvents, temperature, light sources, and most importantly effective enhancement of light irradiance in microfluidic photoreactor conditions. Stabilization of the E–Z isomeric motion is failed in batch process, which might be due to the exponential decay of light intensity, variable irradiation, low mixing, low heat exchange, low photon flux etc. This photo-μ-flow light driven motion is further extended to the establishment of a photostationary state under solar light irradiation. (E)-3-Benzylidene-indolin-2-ones were efficiently converted to their corresponding (Z) -isomers at low temperature in the presence of light.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Chada Raji Reddy
- Division of Organic Synthesis and Process Chemistry
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology
- Hyderabad-500007
- India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR)
| | - Veeramalla Ganesh
- Division of Organic Synthesis and Process Chemistry
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology
- Hyderabad-500007
- India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR)
| | - Ajay K. Singh
- Division of Organic Synthesis and Process Chemistry
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology
- Hyderabad-500007
- India
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94
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Sheng J, Crespi S, Feringa BL, Wezenberg SJ. Supramolecular control of unidirectional rotary motion in a sterically overcrowded photoswitchable receptor. Org Chem Front 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0qo01154a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The induction of unidirectional rotary motion in an achiral, sterically overcrowded, photoswitchable receptor by binding of a chiral guest molecule is unequivocally established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyu Sheng
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry
- University of Groningen
- 9747 AG Groningen
- The Netherlands
| | - Stefano Crespi
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry
- University of Groningen
- 9747 AG Groningen
- The Netherlands
| | - Ben L. Feringa
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry
- University of Groningen
- 9747 AG Groningen
- The Netherlands
| | - Sander J. Wezenberg
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry
- University of Groningen
- 9747 AG Groningen
- The Netherlands
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry
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95
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Creemer C, Kilic H, Lee KS, Saracoglu N, Parquette JR. Light-controlled self-assembly of a dithienylethene bolaamphiphile in water. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:8846-8849. [DOI: 10.1039/d0dt02001j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we report the light-driven self-assembly of photochromic dithienylethene bolaamphiphiles in aqueous media. The open → closed transition that occurred upon irradiation was accompanied by the formation of 1D nanofibers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassidy Creemer
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- The Ohio State University
- Columbus
- USA
| | - Haydar Kilic
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Sciences
- Atatürk University
- Erzurum
- Turkey 25240
| | - Kwang Soo Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- The Ohio State University
- Columbus
- USA
| | - Nurullah Saracoglu
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Sciences
- Atatürk University
- Erzurum
- Turkey 25240
| | - Jon R. Parquette
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- The Ohio State University
- Columbus
- USA
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96
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Dattler D, Fuks G, Heiser J, Moulin E, Perrot A, Yao X, Giuseppone N. Design of Collective Motions from Synthetic Molecular Switches, Rotors, and Motors. Chem Rev 2019; 120:310-433. [PMID: 31869214 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.9b00288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 241] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Precise control over molecular movement is of fundamental and practical importance in physics, biology, and chemistry. At nanoscale, the peculiar functioning principles and the synthesis of individual molecular actuators and machines has been the subject of intense investigations and debates over the past 60 years. In this review, we focus on the design of collective motions that are achieved by integrating, in space and time, several or many of these individual mechanical units together. In particular, we provide an in-depth look at the intermolecular couplings used to physically connect a number of artificial mechanically active molecular units such as photochromic molecular switches, nanomachines based on mechanical bonds, molecular rotors, and light-powered rotary motors. We highlight the various functioning principles that can lead to their collective motion at various length scales. We also emphasize how their synchronized, or desynchronized, mechanical behavior can lead to emerging functional properties and to their implementation into new active devices and materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damien Dattler
- SAMS Research Group, Institute Charles Sadron, CNRS , University of Strasbourg , 23 rue du Loess , BP 84047, 67034 Strasbourg Cedex 2 , France
| | - Gad Fuks
- SAMS Research Group, Institute Charles Sadron, CNRS , University of Strasbourg , 23 rue du Loess , BP 84047, 67034 Strasbourg Cedex 2 , France
| | - Joakim Heiser
- SAMS Research Group, Institute Charles Sadron, CNRS , University of Strasbourg , 23 rue du Loess , BP 84047, 67034 Strasbourg Cedex 2 , France
| | - Emilie Moulin
- SAMS Research Group, Institute Charles Sadron, CNRS , University of Strasbourg , 23 rue du Loess , BP 84047, 67034 Strasbourg Cedex 2 , France
| | - Alexis Perrot
- SAMS Research Group, Institute Charles Sadron, CNRS , University of Strasbourg , 23 rue du Loess , BP 84047, 67034 Strasbourg Cedex 2 , France
| | - Xuyang Yao
- SAMS Research Group, Institute Charles Sadron, CNRS , University of Strasbourg , 23 rue du Loess , BP 84047, 67034 Strasbourg Cedex 2 , France
| | - Nicolas Giuseppone
- SAMS Research Group, Institute Charles Sadron, CNRS , University of Strasbourg , 23 rue du Loess , BP 84047, 67034 Strasbourg Cedex 2 , France
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97
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García-López V, Liu D, Tour JM. Light-Activated Organic Molecular Motors and Their Applications. Chem Rev 2019; 120:79-124. [PMID: 31849216 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.9b00221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Molecular motors are at the heart of cellular machinery, and they are involved in converting chemical and light energy inputs into efficient mechanical work. From a synthetic perspective, the most advanced molecular motors are rotators that are activated by light wherein a molecular subcomponent rotates unidirectionally around an axis. The mechanical work produced by arrays of molecular motors can be used to induce a macroscopic effect. Light activation offers advantages over biological chemically activated molecular motors because one can direct precise spatiotemporal inputs while conducting reactions in the gas phase, in solution and in vacuum, while generating no chemical byproducts or waste. In this review, we describe the origins of the first light-activated rotary motors and their modes of function, the structural modifications that led to newer motor designs with optimized rotary properties at variable activation wavelengths. Presented are molecular motor attachments to surfaces, their insertion into supramolecular structures and photomodulating materials, their use in catalysis, and their action in biological environments to produce exciting new prospects for biomedicine.
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98
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Reorientation behavior in the helical motility of light-responsive spiral droplets. Nat Commun 2019; 10:5238. [PMID: 31748502 PMCID: PMC6868138 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-13201-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The physico-chemical processes supporting life's purposeful movement remain essentially unknown. Self-propelling chiral droplets offer a minimalistic model of swimming cells and, in surfactant-rich water, droplets of chiral nematic liquid crystals follow the threads of a screw. We demonstrate that the geometry of their trajectory is determined by both the number of turns in, and the handedness of, their spiral organization. Using molecular motors as photo-invertible chiral dopants allows converting between right-handed and left-handed trajectories dynamically, and droplets subjected to such an inversion reorient in a direction that is also encoded by the number of spiral turns. This motile behavior stems from dynamic transmission of chirality, from the artificial molecular motors to the liquid crystal in confinement and eventually to the helical trajectory, in analogy with the chirality-operated motion and reorientation of swimming cells and unicellular organisms.
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99
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Goswami A, Saha S, Biswas PK, Schmittel M. (Nano)mechanical Motion Triggered by Metal Coordination: from Functional Devices to Networked Multicomponent Catalytic Machinery. Chem Rev 2019; 120:125-199. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.9b00159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Abir Goswami
- Center of Micro- and Nanochemistry and Engineering, Organische Chemie I, Universität Siegen, Adolf-Reichwein-Strase 2, D-57068 Siegen, Germany
| | - Suchismita Saha
- Center of Micro- and Nanochemistry and Engineering, Organische Chemie I, Universität Siegen, Adolf-Reichwein-Strase 2, D-57068 Siegen, Germany
| | - Pronay Kumar Biswas
- Center of Micro- and Nanochemistry and Engineering, Organische Chemie I, Universität Siegen, Adolf-Reichwein-Strase 2, D-57068 Siegen, Germany
| | - Michael Schmittel
- Center of Micro- and Nanochemistry and Engineering, Organische Chemie I, Universität Siegen, Adolf-Reichwein-Strase 2, D-57068 Siegen, Germany
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Lancia F, Ryabchun A, Nguindjel AD, Kwangmettatam S, Katsonis N. Mechanical adaptability of artificial muscles from nanoscale molecular action. Nat Commun 2019; 10:4819. [PMID: 31645565 PMCID: PMC6811622 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-12786-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The motion of artificial molecular machines has been amplified into the shape transformation of polymer materials that have been compared to muscles, where mechanically active molecules work together to produce a contraction. In spite of this progress, harnessing cooperative molecular motion remains a challenge in this field. Here, we show how the light-induced action of artificial molecular switches modifies not only the shape but also, simultaneously, the stiffness of soft materials. The heterogeneous design of these materials features inclusions of free liquid crystal in a liquid crystal polymer network. When the magnitude of the intrinsic interfacial tension is modified by the action of the switches, photo-stiffening is observed, in analogy with the mechanical response of activated muscle fibers, and in contrast to melting mechanisms reported so far. Mechanoadaptive materials that are capable of active tuning of rigidity will likely contribute to a bottom-up approach towards human-friendly and soft robotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Lancia
- Bio-inspired and Smart Materials, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, PO Box 207, Enschede, 7500 AE, The Netherlands
| | - Alexander Ryabchun
- Bio-inspired and Smart Materials, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, PO Box 207, Enschede, 7500 AE, The Netherlands
| | - Anne-Déborah Nguindjel
- Bio-inspired and Smart Materials, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, PO Box 207, Enschede, 7500 AE, The Netherlands
| | - Supaporn Kwangmettatam
- Bio-inspired and Smart Materials, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, PO Box 207, Enschede, 7500 AE, The Netherlands
| | - Nathalie Katsonis
- Bio-inspired and Smart Materials, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, PO Box 207, Enschede, 7500 AE, The Netherlands.
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