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Du F, Yang LH, Liu J, Wang J, Fan L, Duangmano S, Liu H, Liu M, Wang J, Zhong X, Zhang Z, Wang F. The role of mitochondria in the resistance of melanoma to PD-1 inhibitors. J Transl Med 2023; 21:345. [PMID: 37221594 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04200-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Malignant melanoma is one of the most common tumours and has the highest mortality rate of all types of skin cancers worldwide. Traditional and novel therapeutic approaches, including surgery, targeted therapy and immunotherapy, have shown good efficacy in the treatment of melanoma. At present, the mainstay of treatment for melanoma is immunotherapy combined with other treatment strategies. However, immune checkpoint inhibitors, such as PD-1 inhibitors, are not particularly effective in the clinical treatment of patients with melanoma. Changes in mitochondrial function may affect the development of melanoma and the efficacy of PD-1 inhibitors. To elucidate the role of mitochondria in the resistance of melanoma to PD-1 inhibitors, this review comprehensively summarises the role of mitochondria in the occurrence and development of melanoma, targets related to the function of mitochondria in melanoma cells and changes in mitochondrial function in different cells in melanoma resistant to PD-1 inhibitors. This review may help to develop therapeutic strategies for improving the clinical response rate of PD-1 inhibitors and prolonging the survival of patients by activating mitochondrial function in tumour and T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Du
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu-Han Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiao Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Jian Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Lianpeng Fan
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Suwit Duangmano
- Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Hao Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Minghua Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaolin Zhong
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Zhuo Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.
| | - Fang Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.
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52
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Banushi B, Joseph SR, Lum B, Lee JJ, Simpson F. Endocytosis in cancer and cancer therapy. Nat Rev Cancer 2023:10.1038/s41568-023-00574-6. [PMID: 37217781 DOI: 10.1038/s41568-023-00574-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Endocytosis is a complex process whereby cell surface proteins, lipids and fluid from the extracellular environment are packaged, sorted and internalized into cells. Endocytosis is also a mechanism of drug internalization into cells. There are multiple routes of endocytosis that determine the fate of molecules, from degradation in the lysosomes to recycling back to the plasma membrane. The overall rates of endocytosis and temporal regulation of molecules transiting through endocytic pathways are also intricately linked with signalling outcomes. This process relies on an array of factors, such as intrinsic amino acid motifs and post-translational modifications. Endocytosis is frequently disrupted in cancer. These disruptions lead to inappropriate retention of receptor tyrosine kinases on the tumour cell membrane, changes in the recycling of oncogenic molecules, defective signalling feedback loops and loss of cell polarity. In the past decade, endocytosis has emerged as a pivotal regulator of nutrient scavenging, response to and regulation of immune surveillance and tumour immune evasion, tumour metastasis and therapeutic drug delivery. This Review summarizes and integrates these advances into the understanding of endocytosis in cancer. The potential to regulate these pathways in the clinic to improve cancer therapy is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blerida Banushi
- Frazer Institute, University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
| | - Shannon R Joseph
- Frazer Institute, University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
| | - Benedict Lum
- Frazer Institute, University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jason J Lee
- Frazer Institute, University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
| | - Fiona Simpson
- Frazer Institute, University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia.
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Wei W, Geer MJ, Guo X, Dolgalev I, Sanjana NE, Neel BG. Genome-wide CRISPR/Cas9 screens reveal shared and cell-specific mechanisms of resistance to SHP2 inhibition. J Exp Med 2023; 220:e20221563. [PMID: 36820830 PMCID: PMC9998968 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20221563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
SHP2 (PTPN11) acts upstream of SOS1/2 to enable RAS activation. Allosteric SHP2 inhibitors (SHP2i) in the clinic prevent SHP2 activation, block proliferation of RTK- or cycling RAS mutant-driven cancers, and overcome "adaptive resistance." To identify SHP2i resistance mechanisms, we performed genome-wide CRISPR/Cas9 knockout screens on two SHP2i-sensitive cell lines, recovering genes expected to cause resistance (NF1, PTEN, CDKN1B, LZTR1, and RASA2) and novel targets (INPPL1, MAP4K5, epigenetic modifiers). We screened 14 additional lines with a focused CRISPR library targeting common "hits" from the genome-wide screens. LZTR1 deletion conferred resistance in 12/14 lines, followed by MAP4K5 (8/14), SPRED2/STK40 (6/14), and INPPL1 (5/14). INPPL1, MAP4K5, or LZTR1 deletion reactivated ERK signaling. INPPL1-mediated sensitization to SHP2i required its NPXY motif but not lipid phosphatase activity. MAP4K5 acted upstream of MEK through a kinase-dependent target(s); LZTR1 had cell-dependent effects on RIT and RAS stability. INPPL1, MAP4K5, or LZTR1 deletion also conferred SHP2i resistance in vivo. Defining the SHP2i resistance landscape could suggest effective combination approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wei
- Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mitchell J. Geer
- Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Xinyi Guo
- Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Biology, New York University, New York, NY, USA
- New York Genome Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Igor Dolgalev
- Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Neville E. Sanjana
- Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Biology, New York University, New York, NY, USA
- New York Genome Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Benjamin G. Neel
- Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
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Zheng S, Guan XY. Ferroptosis: Promising approach for cancer and cancer immunotherapy. Cancer Lett 2023; 561:216152. [PMID: 37023938 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2023.216152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
Abstract
Ferroptosis is the cell death induced by ferrous ions and lipid peroxidation accumulation in tumor cells. Targeting ferroptosis, which is regulated by various metabolic and immune elements, might become a novel strategy for anti-tumor therapy. In this review, we will focus on the mechanism of ferroptosis and its interaction with cancer and tumor immune microenvironment, especially for the relationship between immune cells and ferroptosis. Also, we will discuss the latest preclinical progress of the collaboration between the ferroptosis-targeted drugs and immunotherapy, and the best potential conditions for their combined use. It will present a future insight on the possible value of ferroptosis in cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyue Zheng
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China; Department of Clinical Oncology, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xin-Yuan Guan
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China; Department of Clinical Oncology, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China; MOE Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Advanced Nuclear Energy and Nuclear Technology Research Center, Advanced Energy Science and Technology Guangdong Laboratory, Huizhou, Guangdong, China.
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55
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Yang TT, Yu S, Ke CLK, Cheng ST. The Genomic Landscape of Melanoma and Its Therapeutic Implications. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:genes14051021. [PMID: 37239381 DOI: 10.3390/genes14051021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is one of the most aggressive malignancies of the skin. The genetic composition of melanoma is complex and varies among different subtypes. With the aid of recent technologies such as next generation sequencing and single-cell sequencing, our understanding of the genomic landscape of melanoma and its tumor microenvironment has become increasingly clear. These advances may provide explanation to the heterogenic treatment outcomes of melanoma patients under current therapeutic guidelines and provide further insights to the development of potential new therapeutic targets. Here, we provide a comprehensive review on the genetics related to melanoma tumorigenesis, metastasis, and prognosis. We also review the genetics affecting the melanoma tumor microenvironment and its relation to tumor progression and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Ting Yang
- Department of Dermatology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Department of Dermatology, Pingtung Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Pingtung 900, Taiwan
| | - Sebastian Yu
- Department of Dermatology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Neuroscience Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Chiao-Li Khale Ke
- Department of Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Department of Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Municipal SiaoGang Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 812, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Tsung Cheng
- Department of Dermatology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
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56
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Wu Y, Walker JR, Westberg M, Ning L, Monje M, Kirkland TA, Lin MZ, Su Y. Kinase-Modulated Bioluminescent Indicators Enable Noninvasive Imaging of Drug Activity in the Brain. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2023; 9:719-732. [PMID: 37122464 PMCID: PMC10141594 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.3c00074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Aberrant kinase activity contributes to the pathogenesis of brain cancers, neurodegeneration, and neuropsychiatric diseases, but identifying kinase inhibitors that function in the brain is challenging. Drug levels in blood do not predict efficacy in the brain because the blood-brain barrier prevents entry of most compounds. Rather, assessing kinase inhibition in the brain requires tissue dissection and biochemical analysis, a time-consuming and resource-intensive process. Here, we report kinase-modulated bioluminescent indicators (KiMBIs) for noninvasive longitudinal imaging of drug activity in the brain based on a recently optimized luciferase-luciferin system. We develop an ERK KiMBI to report inhibitors of the Ras-Raf-MEK-ERK pathway, for which no bioluminescent indicators previously existed. ERK KiMBI discriminates between brain-penetrant and nonpenetrant MEK inhibitors, reveals blood-tumor barrier leakiness in xenograft models, and reports MEK inhibitor pharmacodynamics in native brain tissues and intracranial xenografts. Finally, we use ERK KiMBI to screen ERK inhibitors for brain efficacy, identifying temuterkib as a promising brain-active ERK inhibitor, a result not predicted from chemical characteristics alone. Thus, KiMBIs enable the rapid identification and pharmacodynamic characterization of kinase inhibitors suitable for treating brain diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wu
- Department
of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- Department
of Neurobiology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Joel R. Walker
- Promega
Biosciences LLC, San Luis Obispo, California 93401, United States
| | - Michael Westberg
- Department
of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- Department
of Neurobiology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- Department
of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Aarhus 8000, Denmark
| | - Lin Ning
- Department
of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- Department
of Neurobiology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Michelle Monje
- Department
of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- Howard Hughes
Medical Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Thomas A. Kirkland
- Promega
Biosciences LLC, San Luis Obispo, California 93401, United States
| | - Michael Z. Lin
- Department
of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- Department
of Neurobiology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- Department
of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- Department
of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford
University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Yichi Su
- Department
of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- Department
of Neurobiology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
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57
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Mertens S, Huismans MA, Verissimo CS, Ponsioen B, Overmeer R, Proost N, van Tellingen O, van de Ven M, Begthel H, Boj SF, Clevers H, Roodhart JML, Bos JL, Snippert HJG. Drug-repurposing screen on patient-derived organoids identifies therapy-induced vulnerability in KRAS-mutant colon cancer. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112324. [PMID: 37000626 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Patient-derived organoids (PDOs) are widely heralded as a drug-screening platform to develop new anti-cancer therapies. Here, we use a drug-repurposing library to screen PDOs of colorectal cancer (CRC) to identify hidden vulnerabilities within therapy-induced phenotypes. Using a microscopy-based screen that accurately scores drug-induced cell killing, we have tested 414 putative anti-cancer drugs for their ability to switch the EGFRi/MEKi-induced cytostatic phenotype toward cytotoxicity. A majority of validated hits (9/37) are microtubule-targeting agents that are commonly used in clinical oncology, such as taxanes and vinca-alkaloids. One of these drugs, vinorelbine, is consistently effective across a panel of >25 different CRC PDOs, independent of RAS mutational status. Unlike vinorelbine alone, its combination with EGFR/MEK inhibition induces apoptosis at all stages of the cell cycle and shows tolerability and effective anti-tumor activity in vivo, setting the basis for a clinical trial to treat patients with metastatic RAS-mutant CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sander Mertens
- Oncode Institute, Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Maarten A Huismans
- Oncode Institute, Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Carla S Verissimo
- Oncode Institute, Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Bas Ponsioen
- Oncode Institute, Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Rene Overmeer
- Hubrecht Organoid Technology (HUB), Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Natalie Proost
- Mouse Clinic for Cancer and Aging Research (MCCA), Preclinical Intervention Unit, the Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Olaf van Tellingen
- Mouse Clinic for Cancer and Aging Research (MCCA), Preclinical Intervention Unit, the Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Division of Clinical Pharmacology, the Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Marieke van de Ven
- Mouse Clinic for Cancer and Aging Research (MCCA), Preclinical Intervention Unit, the Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Harry Begthel
- Oncode Institute, Hubrecht Institute-KNAW, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Sylvia F Boj
- Hubrecht Organoid Technology (HUB), Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Hans Clevers
- Oncode Institute, Hubrecht Institute-KNAW, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Jeanine M L Roodhart
- Oncode Institute, Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Medical Oncology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Johannes L Bos
- Oncode Institute, Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Hugo J G Snippert
- Oncode Institute, Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
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58
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Debreczeni D, Baukál D, Pergel E, Veres I, Czirják G. Critical contribution of the intracellular C-terminal region to TRESK channel activity is revealed by the epithelial Na + current ratio (ENaR) method. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:104737. [PMID: 37084812 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.104737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/23/2023] Open
Abstract
TRESK (K2P18.1) possesses unique structural proportions within the K2P background potassium channel family. The previously described TRESK regulatory mechanisms are based on the long intracellular loop between the second and third transmembrane segments (TMS). However, the functional significance of the exceptionally short intracellular C-terminal region (iCtr) following the fourth TMS has not yet been examined. In the present study, we investigated TRESK constructs modified at the iCtr by two-electrode voltage clamp and the newly developed epithelial sodium current ratio (ENaR) method in Xenopus oocytes. The ENaR method allowed the evaluation of channel activity by exclusively using electrophysiology, and provided data that are otherwise not readily available under whole-cell conditions. TRESK homodimer was connected with two ENaC (epithelial Na+ channel) heterotrimers and the Na+ current was measured as an internal reference, proportional to the number of channels in the plasma membrane. Modifications of TRESK iCtr resulted in diverse functional effects, indicating a complex contribution of this region to K+ channel activity. Mutations of positive residues in proximal iCtr locked TRESK in a low activity, calcineurin-insensitive state, although this phosphatase binds to distant motifs in the loop region. Accordingly, mutations in proximal iCtr may prevent the transmission of modulation to the gating machinery. Replacing distal iCtr with a sequence designed to interact with the inner surface of the plasma membrane increased the activity of the channel to unprecedented levels, as indicated by ENaR and single channel measurements. In conclusion, the distal iCtr is a major positive determinant of TRESK function.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dóra Baukál
- Department of Physiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Enikő Pergel
- Department of Physiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Irén Veres
- Department of Physiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gábor Czirják
- Department of Physiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.
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Samad A, Khurshid B, Mahmood A, Rehman AU, Khalid A, Abdalla AN, Algarni AS, Wadood A. Identification of novel peptide inhibitors for oncogenic KRAS G12D as therapeutic options using mutagenesis-based remodeling and MD simulations. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023; 41:13425-13437. [PMID: 37010994 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2192298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2023]
Abstract
The Kirsten rat sarcoma 2 viral oncogene homolog (KRAS) serves as a molecular switch, cycling between guanosine triphosphate (GTP)-bound and inactive guanosine diphosphate (GDP)-bound states. KRAS modulates numerous signal transduction pathways including the conventional RAF-MEK-ERK pathway. Mutations in the RAS genes have been linked to the formation of malignant tumors. Human malignancies typically show mutations in the Ras gene including HRAS, KRAS, and NRAS. Among all the mutations in exon 12 and exon 13 of the KRAS gene, the G12D mutation is more prevalent in pancreatic and lung cancer and accounts for around 41% of all G12 mutations, making them potential anticancer therapeutic targets. The present study is aimed at repurposing the peptide inhibitor KD2 of the KRAS G12D mutant. We employed an in-silico mutagenesis approach to design novel peptide inhibitors from the experimentally reported peptide inhibitor, and it was found that substitutions (N8W, N8I, and N8Y) might enhance the peptide's binding affinity toward the KRAS. Molecular dynamics simulations and binding energy calculations confirmed that the newly designed peptide inhibitors are stable and that their binding affinities are stronger as compared to the wild-type peptide. The detailed analysis revealed that newly designed peptides have the potential to inhibit KRAS/Raf interaction and the oncogenic signal of the KRAS G12D mutant. Our findings strongly suggest that these peptides should be tested and clinically validated to combat the oncogenic activity of KRAS.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdus Samad
- Department of Biochemistry, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Beenish Khurshid
- Department of Biochemistry, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Arif Mahmood
- Center for Medical Genetics and Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ashfaq Ur Rehman
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, School of Biological Sciences, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Asaad Khalid
- Substance Abuse and Toxicology Research Center, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
- Medicinal and Aromatic Plants and Traditional Medicine Research Institute, National Center for Research, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Ashraf N Abdalla
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alanood S Algarni
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdul Wadood
- Department of Biochemistry, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, Pakistan
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Lee YS, Klomp JE, Stalnecker CA, Goodwin CM, Gao Y, Droby GN, Vaziri C, Bryant KL, Der CJ, Cox AD. VCP/p97, a pleiotropic protein regulator of the DNA damage response and proteostasis, is a potential therapeutic target in KRAS-mutant pancreatic cancer. Genes Cancer 2023; 14:30-49. [PMID: 36923647 PMCID: PMC10010283 DOI: 10.18632/genesandcancer.231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
We and others have recently shown that proteins involved in the DNA damage response (DDR) are critical for KRAS-mutant pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) cell growth in vitro. However, the CRISPR-Cas9 library that enabled us to identify these key proteins had limited representation of DDR-related genes. To further investigate the DDR in this context, we performed a comprehensive, DDR-focused CRISPR-Cas9 loss-of-function screen. This screen identified valosin-containing protein (VCP) as an essential gene in KRAS-mutant PDAC cell lines. We observed that genetic and pharmacologic inhibition of VCP limited cell growth and induced apoptotic death. Addressing the basis for VCP-dependent growth, we first evaluated the contribution of VCP to the DDR and found that loss of VCP resulted in accumulation of DNA double-strand breaks. We next addressed its role in proteostasis and found that loss of VCP caused accumulation of polyubiquitinated proteins. We also found that loss of VCP increased autophagy. Therefore, we reasoned that inhibiting both VCP and autophagy could be an effective combination. Accordingly, we found that VCP inhibition synergized with the autophagy inhibitor chloroquine. We conclude that concurrent targeting of autophagy can enhance the efficacy of VCP inhibitors in KRAS-mutant PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye S. Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Jennifer E. Klomp
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Clint A. Stalnecker
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Craig M. Goodwin
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Yanzhe Gao
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Gaith N. Droby
- Curriculum in Genetics and Molecular Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Cyrus Vaziri
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Curriculum in Genetics and Molecular Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Kirsten L. Bryant
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Channing J. Der
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Curriculum in Genetics and Molecular Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Adrienne D. Cox
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
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61
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Wang P, Jia X, Lu B, Huang H, Liu J, Liu X, Wu Q, Hu Y, Li P, Wei H, Liu T, Zhao D, Zhang L, Tian X, Jiang Y, Qiao Y, Nie W, Ma X, Bai R, Peng C, Dong Z, Liu K. Erianin suppresses constitutive activation of MAPK signaling pathway by inhibition of CRAF and MEK1/2. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:96. [PMID: 36872366 PMCID: PMC9986241 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01329-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Constitutive activation of RAS-RAF-MEK-ERK signaling pathway (MAPK pathway) frequently occurs in many cancers harboring RAS or RAF oncogenic mutations. Because of the paradoxical activation induced by a single use of BRAF or MEK inhibitors, dual-target RAF and MEK treatment is thought to be a promising strategy. In this work, we evaluated erianin is a novel inhibitor of CRAF and MEK1/2 kinases, thus suppressing constitutive activation of the MAPK signaling pathway induced by BRAF V600E or RAS mutations. KinaseProfiler enzyme profiling, surface plasmon resonance (SPR), isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC), cellular thermal shift assay, computational docking, and molecular dynamics simulations were utilized to screen and identify erianin binding to CRAF and MEK1/2. Kinase assay, luminescent ADP detection assay, and enzyme kinetics assay were investigated to identify the efficiency of erianin in CRAF and MEK1/2 kinase activity. Notably, erianin suppressed BRAF V600E or RAS mutant melanoma and colorectal cancer cell by inhibiting MEK1/2 and CRAF but not BRAF kinase activity. Moreover, erianin attenuated melanoma and colorectal cancer in vivo. Overall, we provide a promising leading compound for BRAF V600E or RAS mutant melanoma and colorectal cancer through dual targeting of CRAF and MEK1/2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Penglei Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Basic Medicine Research Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, AMS, Zhengzhou University, 450000, Zhengzhou, China.,China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, 450000, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xuechao Jia
- Department of Pathophysiology, Basic Medicine Research Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, AMS, Zhengzhou University, 450000, Zhengzhou, China.,China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, 450000, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Bingbing Lu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Basic Medicine Research Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, AMS, Zhengzhou University, 450000, Zhengzhou, China.,China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, 450000, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Han Huang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Basic Medicine Research Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, AMS, Zhengzhou University, 450000, Zhengzhou, China.,China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, 450000, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jialin Liu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Basic Medicine Research Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, AMS, Zhengzhou University, 450000, Zhengzhou, China.,China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, 450000, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xuejiao Liu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Basic Medicine Research Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, AMS, Zhengzhou University, 450000, Zhengzhou, China.,China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, 450000, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Qiong Wu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Basic Medicine Research Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, AMS, Zhengzhou University, 450000, Zhengzhou, China.,China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, 450000, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yamei Hu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Basic Medicine Research Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, AMS, Zhengzhou University, 450000, Zhengzhou, China.,China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, 450000, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Pan Li
- China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, 450000, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Huifang Wei
- Department of Pathophysiology, Basic Medicine Research Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, AMS, Zhengzhou University, 450000, Zhengzhou, China.,China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, 450000, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Tingting Liu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Basic Medicine Research Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, AMS, Zhengzhou University, 450000, Zhengzhou, China.,China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, 450000, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Dengyun Zhao
- Department of Pathophysiology, Basic Medicine Research Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, AMS, Zhengzhou University, 450000, Zhengzhou, China.,China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, 450000, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Lingwei Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Basic Medicine Research Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, AMS, Zhengzhou University, 450000, Zhengzhou, China.,China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, 450000, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xueli Tian
- Department of Pathophysiology, Basic Medicine Research Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, AMS, Zhengzhou University, 450000, Zhengzhou, China.,China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, 450000, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yanan Jiang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Basic Medicine Research Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, AMS, Zhengzhou University, 450000, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yan Qiao
- Department of Pathophysiology, Basic Medicine Research Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, AMS, Zhengzhou University, 450000, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wenna Nie
- China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, 450000, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xinli Ma
- China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, 450000, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ruihua Bai
- The Department of Pathology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 450000, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Cong Peng
- The Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410078, Changsha, China
| | - Zigang Dong
- Department of Pathophysiology, Basic Medicine Research Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, AMS, Zhengzhou University, 450000, Zhengzhou, China. .,China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, 450000, Zhengzhou, China. .,The Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Cancer Chemoprevention, 450000, Zhengzhou, China. .,State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Zhengzhou University, 450000, Zhengzhou, China. .,Provincial Cooperative Innovation Center for Cancer Chemoprevention, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.
| | - Kangdong Liu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Basic Medicine Research Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, AMS, Zhengzhou University, 450000, Zhengzhou, China. .,China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, 450000, Zhengzhou, China. .,The Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Cancer Chemoprevention, 450000, Zhengzhou, China. .,State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Zhengzhou University, 450000, Zhengzhou, China. .,Provincial Cooperative Innovation Center for Cancer Chemoprevention, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.
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62
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Yang J, Hou C, Wang H, Perez EA, Do-Umehara HC, Dong H, Arunagiri V, Tong F, Van Scoyk M, Cho M, Liu X, Ge X, Winn RA, Ridge KM, Wang X, Chandel NS, Liu J. Miz1 promotes KRAS-driven lung tumorigenesis by repressing the protocadherin Pcdh10. Cancer Lett 2023; 555:216025. [PMID: 36538983 PMCID: PMC9870713 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2022.216025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Targeting KRAS-mutated non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remains clinically challenging. Here we show that loss of function of Miz1 inhibits lung tumorigenesis in a mouse model of oncogenic KRAS-driven lung cancer. In vitro, knockout or silencing of Miz1 decreases cell proliferation, clonogenicity, migration, invasion, or anchorage-independent growth in mutant (MT) KRAS murine or human NSCLC cells but has unremarkable impact on non-tumorigenic cells or wild-type (WT) KRAS human NSCLC cells. RNA-sequencing reveals Protocadherin-10 (Pcdh10) as the top upregulated gene by Miz1 knockout in MT KRAS murine lung tumor cells. Chromatin immunoprecipitation shows Miz1 binding on the Pcdh10 promoter in MT KRAS lung tumor cells but not non-tumorigenic cells. Importantly, silencing of Pcdh10 rescues cell proliferation and clonogenicity in Miz1 knockout/knockdown MT KRAS murine or human tumor cells, and rescues allograft tumor growth of Miz1 knockout tumor cells in vivo. Miz1 is upregulated in MT KRAS lung tumor tissues compared with adjacent non-involved tissues in mice. Consistent with this, Miz1 is upregulated while Pcdh10 is downregulated in human lung adenocarcinomas (LUAD) compared with normal tissues, and high Miz1 levels or low Pcdh10 levels are associated with poor survival in lung cancer patients. Furthermore, the Miz1 signature is associated with worse survival in MT but not WT KRAS LUAD, and Pcdh10 is downregulated in MT compared to WT KRAS LUAD. Taken together, our studies implicate the Miz1/Pcdh10 axis in oncogenic KRAS-driven lung tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yang
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine and University of Illinois Cancer Center, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Changchun Hou
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine and University of Illinois Cancer Center, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Huashan Wang
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine and University of Illinois Cancer Center, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Edith A Perez
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine and University of Illinois Cancer Center, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Hanh Chi Do-Umehara
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine and University of Illinois Cancer Center, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Huali Dong
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine and University of Illinois Cancer Center, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Vinothini Arunagiri
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine and University of Illinois Cancer Center, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Fangjia Tong
- Department of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine and University of Illinois Cancer Center, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Michelle Van Scoyk
- Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA
| | - Minsu Cho
- Department of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine and University of Illinois Cancer Center, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Xinyi Liu
- Department of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine and University of Illinois Cancer Center, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Xiaodong Ge
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago, 840 S. Wood St., Suite 130 CSN, MC 847, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Robert A Winn
- Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA
| | - Karen M Ridge
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Xiaowei Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine and University of Illinois Cancer Center, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Navdeep S Chandel
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine and University of Illinois Cancer Center, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA.
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63
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SHP2 inhibition mitigates adaptive resistance to MEK inhibitors in KRAS-mutant gastric cancer through the suppression of KSR1 activity. Cancer Lett 2023; 555:216029. [PMID: 36493900 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2022.216029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Despite the promising antitumor activity of RAF/MEK inhibitors for RAS-driven cancers, not all patients respond to these therapies. Adaptive resistance has been reported as a major culprit in non-responders, which can be reversed by SHP2 inhibitors (SHP2is) in multiple cancer cells; however, the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. In this study, we found that KRAS-mutant gastric cancer cells respond to MEK inhibitors (MEKis) with adaptive resistance. Markedly, SHP2 activation accompanied by ERK signaling restoration in MEKi-treated cells, and a MEKi and SHP2i combination had a synergistic effect on downstream signaling blockade. In vivo, SHP099 combined with AZD6244 (selumetinib) was highly efficacious for the treatment of xenografts. Mechanistically, SHP2 was found to interact with the scaffold protein KSR1 through its protein tyrosine phosphatase domain. KSR1 knockdown sensitized cells to AZD6244, whereas a KSR1 activating mutation (S269A) diminished the synergistic anti-proliferative effect of SHP2i and MEKi. Interestingly, activated SHP2, during adaptive resistance to MEKis, impaired the interaction with KSR1, activating KSR1 to promote MAPK signaling. In conclusion, SHP2 promotes adaptive resistance to MEKis by activating KSR1; selumetinib combined with SHP099 might be an available therapeutic strategy for KRAS-mutant gastric cancers.
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64
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Tang YL, Li DD, Duan JY, Sheng LM, Wang X. Resistance to targeted therapy in metastatic colorectal cancer: Current status and new developments. World J Gastroenterol 2023; 29:926-948. [PMID: 36844139 PMCID: PMC9950860 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v29.i6.926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most lethal and common malignancies in the world. Chemotherapy has been the conventional treatment for metastatic CRC (mCRC) patients. However, the effects of chemotherapy have been unsatisfactory. With the advent of targeted therapy, the survival of patients with CRC have been prolonged. Over the past 20 years, targeted therapy for CRC has achieved substantial progress. However, targeted therapy has the same challenge of drug resistance as chemotherapy. Consequently, exploring the resistance mechanism and finding strategies to address the resistance to targeted therapy, along with searching for novel effective regimens, is a constant challenge in the mCRC treatment, and it is also a hot research topic. In this review, we focus on the current status on resistance to existing targeted therapies in mCRC and discuss future developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Ling Tang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
- Department of Abdominal Cancer, Cancer Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Dan-Dan Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
- Department of Abdominal Cancer, Cancer Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Jia-Yu Duan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
- Department of Abdominal Cancer, Cancer Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Lei-Ming Sheng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
- Department of Abdominal Cancer, Cancer Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
- Department of Abdominal Cancer, Cancer Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
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65
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Zhang H, Wang Y, Chen X, Zhang A, Hou L, Hong J, Liu J, Liu Z, Yang P. Targeting epithelial cell-derived TWIST1 alleviates allergic asthma. Cell Signal 2023; 102:110552. [PMID: 36481410 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2022.110552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
It is well known that the T Helper (Th)2 bias plays a critical role in allergic asthma. Whereas the Th2 bias is maintained in the local tissues is uncertain. IL-33 is vital for the development of the Th2 polarization. TWIST-1 has an effect on regulating cellular functions. The aberrant activation of RAS sustains certain cellular activities. The aim of this study is to study the role of the interaction between activation of TWIST1 and RAS in inducing and maintaining Th2 polarization in allergic asthma. The epithelial cells of the airways (AEC) were isolated from the broncho-alveolar lavage fluids in patients with asthma. The mediators involved in the over-expression of IL-33 were determined by RNA sequencing. A mouse model was established to test the role of TWIST1 and RAS in developing allergic asthma. We observed a strong expression of TWIST1 in patients with allergic asthma that showed a positive correlation with asthmatic responses. TWIST1 favored the expression of the IL-33 in the AEC. Twist1-deficient AEC-carrying mice did not induce Th2 polarization in the airways. The expression TWIST1 in AECs was positively associated with RAS activation in AECs in patients with allergic asthma. The interaction between RAS and TWIST1 in AECs sustained airway allergic inflammation. Inhibition of TWIST1 or RAS prevented asthma-like inflammation in the mouse airways. In summary, the interaction between TWIST1 and RAS induces and maintains IL-33 expression in AECs to facilitate allergic inflammation in the respiratory tract. Inhibition of TWIST1 or RAS can prevent experimental allergic asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanping Zhang
- Department of Allergy Medicine, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yanfen Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xiaoxue Chen
- Department of Allergy Medicine, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Taiyuan, China
| | - Aizhi Zhang
- Department of Critical care medicine, Second Hospital Affiliated to Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Lijun Hou
- Department of Allergy Medicine, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Taiyuan, China
| | - Jingyi Hong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Regional Immunity and Diseases, Shenzhen, China; Institute of Allergy & Immunology of Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, China; State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease Allergy Shenzhen University Division, Shenzhen, China; Guangdong Provincial Standardization Allergen Engineering Research Center, Shenzhen, China; Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jiangqi Liu
- Longgang ENT Hospital and Shenzhen ENT Institute, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Zhiqiang Liu
- Longgang ENT Hospital and Shenzhen ENT Institute, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Pingchang Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Regional Immunity and Diseases, Shenzhen, China; Institute of Allergy & Immunology of Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, China; State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease Allergy Shenzhen University Division, Shenzhen, China; Guangdong Provincial Standardization Allergen Engineering Research Center, Shenzhen, China; Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology, Shenzhen, China.
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66
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Li K, Wu S, Dong G, Li Y, Wang W, Dong G, Hong Z, Li M, Sheng C. Environmentally sensitive fluorescent probes with improved properties for detecting and imaging PDEδ in live cells and tumor slices. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2023.108231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
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67
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Seong CS, Huang C, Boese AC, Hou Y, Koo J, Mouw JK, Rupji M, Joseph G, Johnston HR, Claussen H, Switchenko JM, Behera M, Churchman M, Kolesar JM, Arnold SM, Kerrigan K, Akerley W, Colman H, Johns MA, Arciero C, Zhou W, Marcus AI, Ramalingam SS, Fu H, Gilbert-Ross M. Loss of the endocytic tumor suppressor HD-PTP phenocopies LKB1 and promotes RAS-driven oncogenesis. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.01.26.525772. [PMID: 36747658 PMCID: PMC9900931 DOI: 10.1101/2023.01.26.525772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Oncogenic RAS mutations drive aggressive cancers that are difficult to treat in the clinic, and while direct inhibition of the most common KRAS variant in lung adenocarcinoma (G12C) is undergoing clinical evaluation, a wide spectrum of oncogenic RAS variants together make up a large percentage of untargetable lung and GI cancers. Here we report that loss-of-function alterations (mutations and deep deletions) in the gene that encodes HD-PTP (PTPN23) occur in up to 14% of lung cancers in the ORIEN Avatar lung cancer cohort, associate with adenosquamous histology, and occur alongside an altered spectrum of KRAS alleles. Furthermore, we show that in publicly available early-stage NSCLC studies loss of HD-PTP is mutually exclusive with loss of LKB1, which suggests they restrict a common oncogenic pathway in early lung tumorigenesis. In support of this, knockdown of HD-PTP in RAS-transformed lung cancer cells is sufficient to promote FAK-dependent invasion. Lastly, knockdown of the Drosophila homolog of HD-PTP (dHD-PTP/Myopic) synergizes to promote RAS-dependent neoplastic progression. Our findings highlight a novel tumor suppressor that can restrict RAS-driven lung cancer oncogenesis and identify a targetable pathway for personalized therapeutic approaches for adenosquamous lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Soo Seong
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA USA
| | - Chunzi Huang
- Cancer Animal Models Shared Resource, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Austin C. Boese
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA USA
- Cancer Biology Graduate Program, Laney Graduate School, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Yuning Hou
- Cancer Animal Models Shared Resource, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Junghui Koo
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA USA
| | - Janna K. Mouw
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA USA
| | - Manali Rupji
- Biostatistics Shared Resource, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Greg Joseph
- Data and Technology Applications Shared Resource, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | - Henry Claussen
- Emory Integrated Computational Core, Emory University, Atlanta, GA
| | - Jeffrey M. Switchenko
- Biostatistics Shared Resource, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Madhusmita Behera
- Data and Technology Applications Shared Resource, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | - Jill M. Kolesar
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | | | - Katie Kerrigan
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Wallace Akerley
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Howard Colman
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | | | - Cletus Arciero
- Department of Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA USA
| | - Wei Zhou
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA USA
- Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Adam I. Marcus
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA USA
- Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Suresh S. Ramalingam
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA USA
- Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Haian Fu
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Melissa Gilbert-Ross
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA USA
- Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
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68
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Hattori T, Maso L, Araki KY, Koide A, Hayman J, Akkapeddi P, Bang I, Neel BG, Koide S. Creating MHC-Restricted Neoantigens with Covalent Inhibitors That Can Be Targeted by Immune Therapy. Cancer Discov 2023; 13:132-145. [PMID: 36250888 PMCID: PMC9827112 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-22-1074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Intracellular oncoproteins can be inhibited with targeted therapy, but responses are not durable. Immune therapies can be curative, but most oncogene-driven tumors are unresponsive to these agents. Fragments of intracellular oncoproteins can act as neoantigens presented by the major histocompatibility complex (MHC), but recognizing minimal differences between oncoproteins and their normal counterparts is challenging. We have established a platform technology that exploits hapten-peptide conjugates generated by covalent inhibitors to create distinct neoantigens that selectively mark cancer cells. Using the FDA-approved covalent inhibitors sotorasib and osimertinib, we developed "HapImmune" antibodies that bind to drug-peptide conjugate/MHC complexes but not to the free drugs. A HapImmune-based bispecific T-cell engager selectively and potently kills sotorasib-resistant lung cancer cells upon sotorasib treatment. Notably, it is effective against KRASG12C-mutant cells with different HLA supertypes, HLA-A*02 and A*03/11, suggesting loosening of MHC restriction. Our strategy creates targetable neoantigens by design, unifying targeted and immune therapies. SIGNIFICANCE Targeted therapies against oncoproteins often have dramatic initial efficacy but lack durability. Immunotherapies can be curative, yet most tumors fail to respond. We developed a generalizable technology platform that exploits hapten-peptides generated by covalent inhibitors as neoantigens presented on MHC to enable engineered antibodies to selectively kill drug-resistant cancer cells. See related commentary by Cox et al., p. 19. This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takamitsu Hattori
- Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University Langone Health, New York, New York.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Lorenzo Maso
- Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University Langone Health, New York, New York
| | - Kiyomi Y. Araki
- Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University Langone Health, New York, New York
| | - Akiko Koide
- Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University Langone Health, New York, New York.,Division of Hematology Oncology, Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - James Hayman
- Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University Langone Health, New York, New York
| | - Padma Akkapeddi
- Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University Langone Health, New York, New York
| | - Injin Bang
- Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University Langone Health, New York, New York
| | - Benjamin G. Neel
- Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University Langone Health, New York, New York.,Division of Hematology Oncology, Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York.,Corresponding Authors: Shohei Koide, Smilow Research Center, Room 1105, 522 First Avenue, New York, NY 10016. Phone: 646-501-4601; E-mail: ; and Benjamin G. Neel, Smilow Research Center, Suite 1201, 522 First Avenue, New York, NY 10016. Phone: 212-263-3019; E-mail:
| | - Shohei Koide
- Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University Langone Health, New York, New York.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York.,Corresponding Authors: Shohei Koide, Smilow Research Center, Room 1105, 522 First Avenue, New York, NY 10016. Phone: 646-501-4601; E-mail: ; and Benjamin G. Neel, Smilow Research Center, Suite 1201, 522 First Avenue, New York, NY 10016. Phone: 212-263-3019; E-mail:
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Du Q, Liu W, Mei T, Wang J, Qin T, Huang D. Prognostic and immunological characteristics of CDK1 in lung adenocarcinoma: A systematic analysis. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1128443. [PMID: 36950551 PMCID: PMC10025485 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1128443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) play a key role in cell proliferation in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). Comprehensive analysis of CDKs to elucidate their clinical significance and interactions with the tumor immune microenvironment is needed. Methods RNA expression, somatic mutation, copy number variation, and single-cell RNA sequencing data were downloaded from public datasets. First, we comprehensively evaluated the expression profile and prognostic characteristics of 26 CDKs in LUAD, and CDK1 was selected as a candidate for further analysis. Then, a systematic analysis was performed to explore the relationships of CDK1 with clinical characteristics and tumor immune microenvironment factors in LUAD. Results CDK1 was markedly upregulated at both the mRNA and protein level in LUAD. Moreover, overexpression of CDK1 was related to poor clinical outcomes. CDK1 coexpressed genes were mainly involved in the cell cycle, the DNA repair process, and the p53 signaling pathway. In addition, CDK1 expression was found to be correlated with the expression of multiple immunomodulators and chemokines, which participate in activating and suppressing the immune microenvironment. CDK1 expression was also correlated with increased infiltration of numerous immune cells, including CD4+ T cells and M1 macrophages. Patients with high CDK1 expression tended to have a poor response to immunotherapy but were sensitive to multiple chemotherapies and targeted drugs. The MDK-NCL and SPP1-CD44 ligand-receptor pairs were markedly activated in the intercellular communication network. CDK1 was an independent prognostic factor for LUAD and improved the ability to predict overall survival when combined with tumor stage. Conclusion CDK1 plays an essential role in reshaping the tumor immune microenvironment and might be a prognostic and treatment biomarker in LUAD.
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Singh G, Thakur N, Kumar U. RAS: Circuitry and therapeutic targeting. Cell Signal 2023; 101:110505. [PMID: 36341985 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2022.110505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Cancer has affected the lives of millions worldwide and is truly regarded as a devastating disease process. Despite advanced understanding of the genomic underpinning of cancer development and progression, therapeutic challenges are still persistent. Among all the human cancers, around 33% are attributed to mutations in RAS oncogene, a crucial component of the signaling pathways. With time, our understanding of RAS circuitry has improved and now the fact that it activates several downstream effectors, depending on the type and grades of cancer has been established. The circuitry is controlled via post-transcriptional mechanisms and frequent distortions in these mechanisms lead to important metabolic as well as immunological states that favor cancer cells' growth, survival, plasticity and metastasis. Therefore, understanding RAS circuitry can help researchers/clinicians to develop novel and potent therapeutics that, in turn, can save the lives of patients suffering from RAS-mutant cancers. There are many challenges presented by resistance and the potential strategies with a particular focus on novel combinations for overcoming these, that could move beyond transitory responses in the direction of treatment. Here in this review, we will look at how understanding the circuitry of RAS can be put to use in making strategies for developing therapeutics against RAS- driven malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gagandeep Singh
- Department of Biosciences (UIBT), Chandigarh University, NH-05, Ludhiana - Chandigarh State Hwy, Sahibzada Ajit Singh Nagar, Punjab 140413, India
| | - Neelam Thakur
- Department of Biosciences (UIBT), Chandigarh University, NH-05, Ludhiana - Chandigarh State Hwy, Sahibzada Ajit Singh Nagar, Punjab 140413, India; Department of Zoology, Sardar Patel University, Vallabh Government College Campus, Paddal, Kartarpur, Mandi, Himachal Pradesh 175001, India.
| | - Umesh Kumar
- School of Biosciences, Institute of Management Studies Ghaziabad (University Courses Campus), Adhyatmik Nagar, NH09, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201015, India.
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71
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Zhao MH, Wu AW. Targeting KRAS G12C mutations in colorectal cancer. Gastroenterol Rep (Oxf) 2022; 11:goac083. [PMID: 36632627 PMCID: PMC9825714 DOI: 10.1093/gastro/goac083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
With the advent of Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homologue G12C (KRAS G12C) inhibitors, RAS is no longer considered undruggable. For the suppression of RAS, new therapeutic approaches have been suggested. However, current clinical studies have indicated therapeutic resistance after short-lived tumour suppression. According to preclinical studies, this might be associated with acquired genetic alterations, reactivation of downstream pathways, and stimulation for upstream signalling. In this review, we aimed to summarize current approaches for combination therapy to alleviate resistance to KRAS G12C inhibitors in colorectal cancer with a focus on the mechanisms of therapeutic resistance. We also analysed the relationship between various mechanisms and therapeutic resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-He Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Ministry of Education; Unit III, Gastrointestinal Cancer Center, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Ai-Wen Wu
- Corresponding author. Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Ministry of Education, Gastrointestinal Cancer Center, Unit III, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, No. 52 Fucheng Rd, Haidian District, Beijing 100142, China. Tel/Fax: +86-10-88196981;
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72
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Melanogenesis and the Targeted Therapy of Melanoma. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12121874. [PMID: 36551302 PMCID: PMC9775438 DOI: 10.3390/biom12121874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Pigment production is a unique character of melanocytes. Numerous factors are linked with melanin production, including genetics, ultraviolet radiation (UVR) and inflammation. Understanding the mechanism of melanogenesis is crucial to identify new preventive and therapeutic strategies in the treatment of melanoma. Here, we reviewed the current available literatures on the mechanisms of melanogenesis, including the signaling pathways of UVR-induced pigment production, MC1R's central determinant roles and MITF as a master transcriptional regulator in melanogenesis. Moreover, we further highlighted the role of targeting BRAF, NRAS and MC1R in melanoma prevention and treatment. The combination therapeutics of immunotherapy and targeted kinase inhibitors are becoming the newest therapeutic option in advanced melanoma.
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73
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Mohamed EE, Ahmed OM, Abdel-Moneim A, Zoheir KMA, Elesawy BH, Al Askary A, Hassaballa A, El-Shahawy AAG. Protective Effects of Naringin-Dextrin Nanoformula against Chemically Induced Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Wistar Rats: Roles of Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, Cell Apoptosis, and Proliferation. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15121558. [PMID: 36559011 PMCID: PMC9786090 DOI: 10.3390/ph15121558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanotechnology holds great promise for the development of treatments for deadly human diseases, such as hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In the current study, we compared the hepatoprotective effects of naringin-dextrin nanoparticles (NDNPs) against HCC in male Wistar rats with those of pure naringin and investigated the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms. HCC was induced by intraperitoneal injection of diethylnitrosamine (DEN, 150 mg/kg body weight (b.w.) per week) for two weeks, followed by oral administration of 2-acetylaminofluorene (2AAF, 20 mg/kg b.w.) four times per week for three weeks. DEN/2AAF-administered rats were divided into three groups that respectively received 1% carboxymethyl cellulose (as vehicle), 10 mg/kg b.w. naringin, or 10 mg/kg b.w. NDNP every other day by oral gavage for 24 weeks. Both naringin and NDNP significantly attenuated the harmful effects of DEN on liver function. Both compounds also suppressed tumorigenesis as indicated by the reduced serum concentrations of liver tumor markers, and this antitumor effect was confirmed by histopathological evaluation. Additionally, naringin and NDNP prevented DEN-induced changes in hepatic oxidative stress and antioxidant activities. In addition, naringin and NDNP suppressed inflammation induced by DEN. Moreover, naringin and NDNP significantly reduced the hepatic expression of Bcl-2 and increased Bax, p53, and PDCD5 expressions. Naringin and NDNP also reduced expression of IQGAP1, IQGAP3, Ras signaling, and Ki-67 while increasing expression of IQGAP2. Notably, NDNP more effectively mitigated oxidative stress and inflammatory signaling than free naringin and demonstrated improved antitumor efficacy, suggesting that this nanoformulation improves bioavailability within nascent tumor sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman E. Mohamed
- Physiology Division, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, P.O. Box 62521, Beni-Suef 2722165, Egypt
| | - Osama M. Ahmed
- Physiology Division, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, P.O. Box 62521, Beni-Suef 2722165, Egypt
- Correspondence: or
| | - Adel Abdel-Moneim
- Physiology Division, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, P.O. Box 62521, Beni-Suef 2722165, Egypt
| | - Khairy M. A. Zoheir
- Cell Biology Department, Biotechnology Research Institute, National Research Centre, Cairo 12622, Egypt
| | - Basem H. Elesawy
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad Al Askary
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Hassaballa
- Nutrition and Food Science, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
- ZeroHarm L.C., Farmington Hills, Farmington, MI 48333, USA
| | - Ahmed A. G. El-Shahawy
- Materials Science and Nanotechnology Department, Faculty of Postgraduate Studies for Advanced Sciences (PSAS), Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 2722165, Egypt
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Rose BT, Timmerman JC, Bawel SA, Chin S, Zhang H, Denmark SE. High-Level Data Fusion Enables the Chemoinformatically Guided Discovery of Chiral Disulfonimide Catalysts for Atropselective Iodination of 2-Amino-6-arylpyridines. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:22950-22964. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c08820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Brennan T. Rose
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, IIllinois 61801, United States
| | - Jacob C. Timmerman
- Department of Small Molecule Process Chemistry, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Seth A. Bawel
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, IIllinois 61801, United States
| | - Steven Chin
- Department of Small Molecule Process Chemistry, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Haiming Zhang
- Department of Small Molecule Process Chemistry, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Scott E. Denmark
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, IIllinois 61801, United States
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Lee J, Lee HJ, Lee Y, Lim B, Gam J, Oh DC, Lee J. Development of PD3 and PD3-B for PDEδ inhibition to modulate KRAS activity. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2022; 37:1656-1666. [PMID: 35695156 PMCID: PMC9225715 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2022.2086865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite extensive efforts over 40 years, few effective KRAS inhibitors have been developed to date, mainly due to the undruggable features of KRAS proteins. In addition to the direct approach to KRAS via covalent inhibition, modulation of the prenyl-binding protein PDEδ that binds with farnesylated KRAS has emerged as an alternative strategy to abrogate KRAS activity. For the verification of new therapeutic strategies, chemical probes with the dual functions of visualisation and pharmacological inhibition against oncogenic proteins are enormously valuable to understand cellular events related to cancer. Here, we report indolizino[3,2-c]quinoline (IQ)-based fluorescent probes (PD3 and PD3-B) for PDEδ inhibition. By using the unique fluorescent characteristics of the IQ scaffold, a fluorescence polarisation (FP)-based binding assay identified PD3 as the most effective PDEδ probe among the tested PD analogues, with a low Kd value of 0.491 µM and long retention time in the binding site of PDEδ. In particular, a FP-based competition assay using deltarasin verified that PD3 occupies the farnesylation binding site of PDEδ, excluding the possibility that the FP signals resulted from non-specific hydrophobic interactions between the ligand and protein in the assay. We also designed and synthesised PD3-B (5), an affinity-based probe (ABP) from the PD3 structure, which enabled us to pull down PDEδ from bacterial lysates containing a large number of intrinsic bacterial proteins. Finally, KRAS relocalization was verified in PANC-1 cells by treatment with PD3, suggesting its potential as an effective probe to target PDEδ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jungeun Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho Jin Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeongcheol Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Bumhee Lim
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jongsik Gam
- Department of Medicinal Bioscience, College of Interdisciplinary & Creative Studies, Konyang University, Nonsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Chan Oh
- Natural Products Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeeyeon Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Jia D, Li L, Wang P, Feng Q, Pan X, Lin P, Song S, Yang L, Yang J. ZNF24 regulates the progression of KRAS mutant lung adenocarcinoma by promoting SLC7A5 translation. Front Oncol 2022; 12:1043177. [PMID: 36505791 PMCID: PMC9727282 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1043177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Clinical treatment of RAS mutant cancers is challenging because of the complexity of the Ras signaling pathway. SLC7A5 is a newly discovered downstream gene of the Ras signaling pathway, but the regulatory mechanism is unclear. We aimed to explore the molecular mechanism and role in KRAS mutant lung adenocarcinoma progression. Methods Key gene that regulated SLC7A5 in KRAS mutant lung adenocarcinoma was screened by RNA sequencing and bioinformatics analysis. The effect of this gene on the expression of SLC7A5 was studied by RNAi. The regulatory mechanism between the two genes was investigated by immunofluorescence, CoIP, pulldown and yeast two-hybrid assays. The location of the two genes was determined by inhibiting Ras and the downstream pathways PI3K-AKT and MEK-ERK. By in vivo and in vitro experiments, the effects of the key gene on the biological functions of KRAS mutant lung adenocarcinoma were explored. Results We found a novel gene, ZNF24, which upregulated SLC7A5 protein expression rather than mRNA expression in KRAS mutant lung adenocarcinoma. Endogenous protein interactions occurred between ZNF24 and SLC7A5. Ras inhibition reduced the expression of ZNF24 and SLC7A5. ZNF24 and SLC7A5 are located downstream of the MEK-ERK and PI3K-AKT pathways. In vivo and in vitro functional experiments confirmed that the ZNF24-SLC7A5 signaling axis promoted the proliferation, invasion and migration of KRAS mutant lung adenocarcinoma. Conclusions ZNF24 promoted the growth of KRAS mutant lung adenocarcinoma by upregulating SLC7A5 protein expression, which suggested that ZNF24 is a new biomarker of KRAS mutant tumors and could be a new potential therapeutic target for Ras-driven tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daqi Jia
- Department of Pathology, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China,Department of Pathology, 920 Hospital of the Joint Logistics Support Force of PLA, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Leilei Li
- Department of Pathology, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China,Department of Pathology, 920 Hospital of the Joint Logistics Support Force of PLA, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Peng Wang
- Department of Pathology, 920 Hospital of the Joint Logistics Support Force of PLA, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Qiang Feng
- Department of Pathology, 920 Hospital of the Joint Logistics Support Force of PLA, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Xinyan Pan
- Department of Pathology, 920 Hospital of the Joint Logistics Support Force of PLA, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Peng Lin
- Department of Pathology, 920 Hospital of the Joint Logistics Support Force of PLA, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Shuling Song
- Department of Pathology, 920 Hospital of the Joint Logistics Support Force of PLA, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Lilin Yang
- Department of Pathology, 920 Hospital of the Joint Logistics Support Force of PLA, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Julun Yang
- Department of Pathology, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China,Department of Pathology, 920 Hospital of the Joint Logistics Support Force of PLA, Kunming, Yunnan, China,*Correspondence: Julun Yang,
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Yang J, Zhu Q, Wu Y, Qu X, Liu H, Jiang B, Ge D, Song X. Utilization of macrocyclic peptides to target protein-protein interactions in cancer. Front Oncol 2022; 12:992171. [PMID: 36465350 PMCID: PMC9714258 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.992171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein-protein interactions (PPIs) play vital roles in normal cellular processes. Dysregulated PPIs are involved in the process of various diseases, including cancer. Thus, these PPIs may serve as potential therapeutic targets in cancer treatment. However, despite rapid advances in small-molecule drugs and biologics, it is still hard to target PPIs, especially for those intracellular PPIs. Macrocyclic peptides have gained growing attention for their therapeutic properties in targeting dysregulated PPIs. Macrocyclic peptides have some unique features, such as moderate sizes, high selectivity, and high binding affinities, which make them good drug candidates. In addition, some oncology macrocyclic peptide drugs have been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for clinical use. Here, we reviewed the recent development of macrocyclic peptides in cancer treatment. The opportunities and challenges were also discussed to inspire new perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawen Yang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Clinical Research and Trial Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiaoliang Zhu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yifan Wu
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaojuan Qu
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Haixia Liu
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Biao Jiang
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Di Ge
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoling Song
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
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Abstract
The RAS family of proteins is among the most frequently mutated genes in human malignancies. In ovarian cancer (OC), the most lethal gynecological malignancy, RAS, especially KRAS mutational status at codons 12, 13, and 61, ranges from 6-65% spanning different histo-types. Normally RAS regulates several signaling pathways involved in a myriad of cellular signaling cascades mediating numerous cellular processes like cell proliferation, differentiation, invasion, and death. Aberrant activation of RAS leads to uncontrolled induction of several downstream signaling pathways such as RAF-1/MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase), PI3K phosphoinositide-3 kinase (PI3K)/AKT, RalGEFs, Rac/Rho, BRAF (v-Raf murine sarcoma viral oncogene homolog B), MEK1 (mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1), ERK (extracellular signal-regulated kinase), PKB (protein kinase B) and PKC (protein kinase C) involved in cell proliferation as well as maintenance pathways thereby driving tumorigenesis and cancer cell propagation. KRAS mutation is also known to be a biomarker for poor outcome and chemoresistance in OC. As a malignancy with several histotypes showing varying histopathological characteristics, we focus on reviewing recent literature showcasing the involvement of oncogenic RAS in mediating carcinogenesis and chemoresistance in OC and its subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lubna Therachiyil
- Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar, 3050, Qatar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, 2713, Qatar
| | - Anjana Anand
- Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar, 3050, Qatar
| | | | | | - Hesham M. Korashy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, 2713, Qatar
| | - Shahab Uddin
- Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar, 3050, Qatar
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Xu J, Grosslight S, Mack KA, Nguyen SC, Clagg K, Lim NK, Timmerman JC, Shen J, White NA, Sirois LE, Han C, Zhang H, Sigman MS, Gosselin F. Atroposelective Negishi Coupling Optimization Guided by Multivariate Linear Regression Analysis: Asymmetric Synthesis of KRAS G12C Covalent Inhibitor GDC-6036. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:20955-20963. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c09917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Xu
- Department of Small Molecule Process Chemistry, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Samantha Grosslight
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Kyle A. Mack
- Department of Small Molecule Process Chemistry, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Sierra C. Nguyen
- Department of Small Molecule Process Chemistry, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Kyle Clagg
- Department of Small Molecule Process Chemistry, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Ngiap-Kie Lim
- Department of Small Molecule Process Chemistry, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Jacob C. Timmerman
- Department of Small Molecule Process Chemistry, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Jeff Shen
- Department of Small Molecule Process Chemistry, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Nicholas A. White
- Department of Small Molecule Process Chemistry, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Lauren E. Sirois
- Department of Small Molecule Process Chemistry, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Chong Han
- Department of Small Molecule Process Chemistry, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Haiming Zhang
- Department of Small Molecule Process Chemistry, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Matthew S. Sigman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Francis Gosselin
- Department of Small Molecule Process Chemistry, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
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Lei ZN, Teng QX, Tian Q, Chen W, Xie Y, Wu K, Zeng Q, Zeng L, Pan Y, Chen ZS, He Y. Signaling pathways and therapeutic interventions in gastric cancer. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2022; 7:358. [PMID: 36209270 PMCID: PMC9547882 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-022-01190-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2022] [Revised: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) ranks fifth in global cancer diagnosis and fourth in cancer-related death. Despite tremendous progress in diagnosis and therapeutic strategies and significant improvements in patient survival, the low malignancy stage is relatively asymptomatic and many GC cases are diagnosed at advanced stages, which leads to unsatisfactory prognosis and high recurrence rates. With the recent advances in genome analysis, biomarkers have been identified that have clinical importance for GC diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis. Modern molecular classifications have uncovered the vital roles that signaling pathways, including EGFR/HER2, p53, PI3K, immune checkpoint pathways, and cell adhesion signaling molecules, play in GC tumorigenesis, progression, metastasis, and therapeutic responsiveness. These biomarkers and molecular classifications open the way for more precise diagnoses and treatments for GC patients. Nevertheless, the relative significance, temporal activation, interaction with GC risk factors, and crosstalk between these signaling pathways in GC are not well understood. Here, we review the regulatory roles of signaling pathways in GC potential biomarkers, and therapeutic targets with an emphasis on recent discoveries. Current therapies, including signaling-based and immunotherapies exploited in the past decade, and the development of treatment for GC, particularly the challenges in developing precision medications, are discussed. These advances provide a direction for the integration of clinical, molecular, and genomic profiles to improve GC diagnosis and treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Ning Lei
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer Research, Digestive Diseases Center, Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, 518107, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY, 11439, USA
| | - Qiu-Xu Teng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY, 11439, USA
| | - Qin Tian
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer Research, Digestive Diseases Center, Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, 518107, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer Research, Digestive Diseases Center, Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, 518107, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuhao Xie
- Institute for Biotechnology, St. John's University, Queens, NY, 11439, USA
| | - Kaiming Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer Research, Digestive Diseases Center, Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, 518107, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Qianlin Zeng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer Research, Digestive Diseases Center, Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, 518107, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Leli Zeng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer Research, Digestive Diseases Center, Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, 518107, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
| | - Yihang Pan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer Research, Digestive Diseases Center, Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, 518107, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
| | - Zhe-Sheng Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY, 11439, USA.
- Institute for Biotechnology, St. John's University, Queens, NY, 11439, USA.
| | - Yulong He
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer Research, Digestive Diseases Center, Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, 518107, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
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Feng J, Lian Z, Xia X, Lu Y, Hu K, Zhang Y, Liu Y, Hu L, Yuan K, Sun Z, Pang X. Targeting metabolic vulnerability in mitochondria conquers MEK inhibitor resistance in KRAS-mutant lung cancer. Acta Pharm Sin B 2022; 13:1145-1163. [PMID: 36970205 PMCID: PMC10031260 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2022.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
MEK is a canonical effector of mutant KRAS; however, MEK inhibitors fail to yield satisfactory clinical outcomes in KRAS-mutant cancers. Here, we identified mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) induction as a profound metabolic alteration to confer KRAS-mutant non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) resistance to the clinical MEK inhibitor trametinib. Metabolic flux analysis demonstrated that pyruvate metabolism and fatty acid oxidation were markedly enhanced and coordinately powered the OXPHOS system in resistant cells after trametinib treatment, satisfying their energy demand and protecting them from apoptosis. As molecular events in this process, the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDHc) and carnitine palmitoyl transferase IA (CPTIA), two rate-limiting enzymes that control the metabolic flux of pyruvate and palmitic acid to mitochondrial respiration were activated through phosphorylation and transcriptional regulation. Importantly, the co-administration of trametinib and IACS-010759, a clinical mitochondrial complex I inhibitor that blocks OXPHOS, significantly impeded tumor growth and prolonged mouse survival. Overall, our findings reveal that MEK inhibitor therapy creates a metabolic vulnerability in the mitochondria and further develop an effective combinatorial strategy to circumvent MEK inhibitors resistance in KRAS-driven NSCLC.
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Sorokin AV, Kanikarla Marie P, Bitner L, Syed M, Woods M, Manyam G, Kwong LN, Johnson B, Morris VK, Jones P, Menter DG, Lee MS, Kopetz S. Targeting RAS Mutant Colorectal Cancer with Dual Inhibition of MEK and CDK4/6. Cancer Res 2022; 82:3335-3344. [PMID: 35913398 PMCID: PMC9478530 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-22-0198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
KRAS and NRAS mutations occur in 45% of colorectal cancers, with combined MAPK pathway and CDK4/6 inhibition identified as a potential therapeutic strategy. In the current study, this combinatorial treatment approach was evaluated in a co-clinical trial in patient-derived xenografts (PDX), and safety was established in a clinical trial of binimetinib and palbociclib in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer with RAS mutations. Across 18 PDX models undergoing dual inhibition of MEK and CDK4/6, 60% of tumors regressed, meeting the co-clinical trial primary endpoint. Prolonged duration of response occurred predominantly in TP53 wild-type models. Clinical evaluation of binimetinib and palbociclib in a safety lead-in confirmed safety and provided preliminary evidence of activity. Prolonged treatment in PDX models resulted in feedback activation of receptor tyrosine kinases and acquired resistance, which was reversed with a SHP2 inhibitor. These results highlight the clinical potential of this combination in colorectal cancer, along with the utility of PDX-based co-clinical trial platforms for drug development. SIGNIFICANCE This co-clinical trial of combined MEK-CDK4/6 inhibition in RAS mutant colorectal cancer demonstrates therapeutic efficacy in patient-derived xenografts and safety in patients, identifies biomarkers of response, and uncovers targetable mechanisms of resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey V. Sorokin
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Preeti Kanikarla Marie
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Lea Bitner
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Muddassir Syed
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Melanie Woods
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Ganiraju Manyam
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Lawrence N. Kwong
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Benny Johnson
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Van K. Morris
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Philip Jones
- Institute for Applied Cancer Science, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - David G. Menter
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Michael S. Lee
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Scott Kopetz
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
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Lee HX, Li WM, Ang CW, Reimer K, Liu V, Patrick BO, Yeong KY, Lee CH. Regio- and stereoselective synthesis of dispiropyrrolizidines through 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction: Inhibition of KRAS expression. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.133177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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The current state of the art and future trends in RAS-targeted cancer therapies. Nat Rev Clin Oncol 2022; 19:637-655. [PMID: 36028717 PMCID: PMC9412785 DOI: 10.1038/s41571-022-00671-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 86.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Despite being the most frequently altered oncogenic protein in solid tumours, KRAS has historically been considered ‘undruggable’ owing to a lack of pharmacologically targetable pockets within the mutant isoforms. However, improvements in drug design have culminated in the development of inhibitors that are selective for mutant KRAS in its active or inactive state. Some of these inhibitors have proven efficacy in patients with KRASG12C-mutant cancers and have become practice changing. The excitement associated with these advances has been tempered by drug resistance, which limits the depth and/or duration of responses to these agents. Improvements in our understanding of RAS signalling in cancer cells and in the tumour microenvironment suggest the potential for several novel combination therapies, which are now being explored in clinical trials. Herein, we provide an overview of the RAS pathway and review the development and current status of therapeutic strategies for targeting oncogenic RAS, as well as their potential to improve outcomes in patients with RAS-mutant malignancies. We then discuss challenges presented by resistance mechanisms and strategies by which they could potentially be overcome. The RAS oncogenes are among the most common drivers of tumour development and progression but have historically been considered undruggable. The development of direct KRAS inhibitors has changed this paradigm, although currently clinical use of these novel therapeutics is limited to a select subset of patients, and intrinsic or acquired resistance presents an inevitable challenge to cure. Herein, the authors provide an overview of the RAS pathway in cancer and review the ongoing efforts to develop effective therapeutic strategies for RAS-mutant cancers. They also discuss the current understanding of mechanisms of resistance to direct KRAS inhibitors and strategies by which they might be overcome. Owing to intrinsic and extrinsic factors, KRAS and other RAS isoforms have until recently been impervious to targeting with small-molecule inhibitors. Inhibitors of the KRASG12C variant constitute a potential breakthrough in the treatment of many cancer types, particularly non-small-cell lung cancer, for which such an agent has been approved by the FDA. Several forms of resistance to KRAS inhibitors have been defined, including primary, adaptive and acquired resistance; these resistance mechanisms are being targeted in studies that combine KRAS inhibitors with inhibitors of horizontal or vertical signalling pathways. Mutant KRAS has important effects on the tumour microenvironment, including the immunological milieu; these effects must be considered to fully understand resistance to KRAS inhibitors and when designing novel treatment strategies.
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A Novel Defined RAS-Related Gene Signature for Predicting the Prognosis and Characterization of Biological Function in Osteosarcoma. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2022; 2022:5939158. [PMID: 36052285 PMCID: PMC9427258 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5939158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Background Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common primary bone malignancy in children and adolescents with a high incidence and poor prognosis. Activation of the RAS pathway promotes progression and metastasis of osteosarcoma. RAS has been studied in many different tumors; however, the prognostic value of RAS-associated genes in OS remains unclear. On this basis, we investigated the RAS-related gene signature and explored the intrinsic biological features of OS. Methods We obtained RNA transcriptome sequencing data and clinical information of osteosarcoma patients from the TARGET database. RAS pathway-related genes were obtained from the KEGG pathway database. Molecular subgroups and risk models were developed using consensus clustering and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression, respectively. ESTIMATE algorithm and ssGSEA analysis were used to assess the tumor microenvironment and immune penetrance between the two groups. A comprehensive review of gene ontology (GO) and KEGG analyses revealed inherent biological functional differences between the two groups. Results The consistent clustering showed stratification of osteosarcoma patients into two subtypes based on RAS-associated genes and provided a robust prediction of prognosis. A risk model further confirmed that RAS-related genes are the best prognostic indicators for OS patients. GO analysis showed that GDP/GTP binding, focal adhesion, cytoskeletal motor activity, and cell-matrix junctions were associated with the RAS-related model group. Furthermore, RAS signaling in osteosarcoma based on KEGG analysis was significantly associated with cancer progression, with immune function and tumor microenvironment particularly affected. Conclusion We constructed a prognostic model founded on RAS-related gene and demonstrated its predictive ability. Then, furtherly exploration of the molecular mechanisms and immune characteristics proved the role of RAS-related gene in the dysregulation in OS.
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Zhu C, Guan X, Zhang X, Luan X, Song Z, Cheng X, Zhang W, Qin JJ. Targeting KRAS mutant cancers: from druggable therapy to drug resistance. Mol Cancer 2022; 21:159. [PMID: 35922812 PMCID: PMC9351107 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-022-01629-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Kirsten Rat Sarcoma Viral Oncogene Homolog (KRAS) is the most frequently mutated oncogene, occurring in a variety of tumor types. Targeting KRAS mutations with drugs is challenging because KRAS is considered undruggable due to the lack of classic drug binding sites. Over the past 40 years, great efforts have been made to explore routes for indirect targeting of KRAS mutant cancers, including KRAS expression, processing, upstream regulators, or downstream effectors. With the advent of KRAS (G12C) inhibitors, KRAS mutations are now druggable. Despite such inhibitors showing remarkable clinical responses, resistance to monotherapy of KRAS inhibitors is eventually developed. Significant progress has been made in understanding the mechanisms of drug resistance to KRAS-mutant inhibitors. Here we review the most recent advances in therapeutic approaches and resistance mechanisms targeting KRAS mutations and discuss opportunities for combination therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunxiao Zhu
- The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 310022, China.,School of Molecular Medicine, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, UCAS, Hangzhou, 310024, China
| | - Xiaoqing Guan
- The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 310022, China.,Key Laboratory of Prevention, Diagnosis, and Therapy of Upper Gastrointestinal Cancer of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310022, China
| | - Xinuo Zhang
- The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 310022, China.,College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310032, China
| | - Xin Luan
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research and Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Zhengbo Song
- The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 310022, China
| | - Xiangdong Cheng
- The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 310022, China. .,Key Laboratory of Prevention, Diagnosis, and Therapy of Upper Gastrointestinal Cancer of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310022, China.
| | - Weidong Zhang
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research and Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China. .,School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
| | - Jiang-Jiang Qin
- The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 310022, China. .,School of Molecular Medicine, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, UCAS, Hangzhou, 310024, China. .,Key Laboratory of Prevention, Diagnosis, and Therapy of Upper Gastrointestinal Cancer of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310022, China.
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Tang L, Shu X, Hu D, Deng C, Ren H, Su X. Clinical significance of multi-genic assay in identifying aggressive papillary thyroid carcinoma. Am J Otolaryngol 2022; 43:103563. [DOI: 10.1016/j.amjoto.2022.103563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Kato S, Fujiwara Y, Hong DS. Targeting KRAS: Crossroads of Signaling and Immune Inhibition. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOTHERAPY AND PRECISION ONCOLOGY 2022; 5:68-78. [PMID: 36034582 PMCID: PMC9390702 DOI: 10.36401/jipo-22-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Mutations of RAS are commonly seen in human cancers, especially in lung, colorectal, and pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Despite huge effort for decades, targeting RAS mutations has been “undruggable” because of the molecular instability of RAS protein inhibition. However, the recent discovery of the KRAS G12C inhibitor paved the way to expand therapeutic options for patients with cancer harboring the KRAS G12C mutation. At the same time, the successful development of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) drastically changed the paradigm of cancer treatment and resulted in a better understanding of the tumor immune microenvironment in patients with KRAS-mutant cancer. This review describes the following: the clinical characteristics of cancer with KRAS mutation; successful development of the KRAS G12C inhibitor and its impact on the tumor immune microenvironment; and potential new avenues such as the combination strategy using KRAS inhibitor and ICI, with preclinical and clinical rationales for overcoming resistance to inhibition of KRAS to improve therapeutic efficacy for patients with cancer harboring KRAS mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shumei Kato
- 1 Center for Personalized Cancer Therapy and Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, UC San Diego Moores Cancer Center, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Yu Fujiwara
- 2 Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Mount Sinai Beth Israel, New York, NY, USA
| | - David S. Hong
- 3 Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
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Avery TY, Köhler N, Zeiser R, Brummer T, Ruess DA. Onco-immunomodulatory properties of pharmacological interference with RAS-RAF-MEK-ERK pathway hyperactivation. Front Oncol 2022; 12:931774. [PMID: 35965494 PMCID: PMC9363660 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.931774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperactivation of the RAS-RAF-MEK-ERK cascade - a mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway – has a well-known association with oncogenesis of leading tumor entities, including non-small cell lung cancer, colorectal carcinoma, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, and malignant melanoma. Increasing evidence shows that genetic alterations leading to RAS-RAF-MEK-ERK pathway hyperactivation mediate contact- and soluble-dependent crosstalk between tumor, tumor microenvironment (TME) and the immune system resulting in immune escape mechanisms and establishment of a tumor-sustaining environment. Consequently, pharmacological interruption of this pathway not only leads to tumor-cell intrinsic disruptive effects but also modification of the TME and anti-tumor immunomodulation. At the same time, the importance of ERK signaling in immune cell physiology and potentiation of anti-tumor immune responses through ERK signaling inhibition within immune cell subsets has received growing appreciation. Specifically, a strong case was made for targeted MEK inhibition due to promising associated immune cell intrinsic modulatory effects. However, the successful transition of therapeutic agents interrupting RAS-RAF-MEK-ERK hyperactivation is still being hampered by significant limitations regarding durable efficacy, therapy resistance and toxicity. We here collate and summarize the multifaceted role of RAS-RAF-MEK-ERK signaling in physiology and oncoimmunology and outline the rationale and concepts for exploitation of immunomodulatory properties of RAS-RAF-MEK-ERK inhibition while accentuating the role of MEK inhibition in combinatorial and intermittent anticancer therapy. Furthermore, we point out the extensive scientific efforts dedicated to overcoming the challenges encountered during the clinical transition of various therapeutic agents in the search for the most effective and safe patient- and tumor-tailored treatment approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Yul Avery
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Center of Surgery, Medical Center University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- *Correspondence: Thomas Yul Avery, ; Dietrich Alexander Ruess,
| | - Natalie Köhler
- Department of Medicine I - Medical Center, Medical Center University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- CIBSS - Centre for Integrative Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Robert Zeiser
- Department of Medicine I - Medical Center, Medical Center University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium Deutsches Konsortium Translationale Krebsforschung (DKTK), partner site Freiburg, German Cancer Research Center Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tilman Brummer
- German Cancer Consortium Deutsches Konsortium Translationale Krebsforschung (DKTK), partner site Freiburg, German Cancer Research Center Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Cell Research (IMMZ), Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Freiburg (CCCF), Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Dietrich Alexander Ruess
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Center of Surgery, Medical Center University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium Deutsches Konsortium Translationale Krebsforschung (DKTK), partner site Freiburg, German Cancer Research Center Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- *Correspondence: Thomas Yul Avery, ; Dietrich Alexander Ruess,
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Zhao L, Corvigno S, Ma S, Celestino J, Fleming ND, Hajek RA, Lankenau Ahumada A, Jennings NB, Thompson EJ, Tang H, Westin SN, Jazaeri AA, Zhang J, Futreal PA, Sood AK, Lee S. Molecular Profiles of Serum-Derived Extracellular Vesicles in High-Grade Serous Ovarian Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14153589. [PMID: 35892848 PMCID: PMC9330879 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14153589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSC) who have no visible residual disease (R0) after primary surgery have the best clinical outcomes, followed by patients who undergo neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) and have a response enabling interval cytoreductive surgery. Clinically useful biomarkers for predicting these outcomes are still lacking. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been recognized as liquid biopsy-based biomarkers for early cancer detection and disease surveillance in other disease settings. In this study, we performed extensive molecular characterization of serum-derived EVs and correlated the findings with therapeutic outcomes in patients with HGSC. Using EV-DNA whole-genome sequencing and EV-RNA sequencing, we identified distinct somatic EV-DNA alterations in cancer-hallmark genes and in ovarian cancer genes, as well as significantly altered oncogenic pathways between the R0 group and NACT groups. We also found significantly altered EV-RNA transcriptomic variations and enriched pathways between the groups. Taken together, our data suggest that the molecular characteristics of EVs could enable prediction of patients with HGSC who could undergo R0 surgery or respond to chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhao
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (L.Z.); (J.Z.); (P.A.F.)
| | - Sara Corvigno
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (S.C.); (S.M.); (J.C.); (N.D.F.); (R.A.H.); (A.L.A.); (N.B.J.); (S.N.W.); (A.A.J.)
| | - Shaolin Ma
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (S.C.); (S.M.); (J.C.); (N.D.F.); (R.A.H.); (A.L.A.); (N.B.J.); (S.N.W.); (A.A.J.)
| | - Joseph Celestino
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (S.C.); (S.M.); (J.C.); (N.D.F.); (R.A.H.); (A.L.A.); (N.B.J.); (S.N.W.); (A.A.J.)
| | - Nicole D. Fleming
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (S.C.); (S.M.); (J.C.); (N.D.F.); (R.A.H.); (A.L.A.); (N.B.J.); (S.N.W.); (A.A.J.)
| | - Richard A. Hajek
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (S.C.); (S.M.); (J.C.); (N.D.F.); (R.A.H.); (A.L.A.); (N.B.J.); (S.N.W.); (A.A.J.)
| | - Adrian Lankenau Ahumada
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (S.C.); (S.M.); (J.C.); (N.D.F.); (R.A.H.); (A.L.A.); (N.B.J.); (S.N.W.); (A.A.J.)
| | - Nicholas B. Jennings
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (S.C.); (S.M.); (J.C.); (N.D.F.); (R.A.H.); (A.L.A.); (N.B.J.); (S.N.W.); (A.A.J.)
| | - Erika J. Thompson
- Department of Genetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (E.J.T.); (H.T.)
| | - Hongli Tang
- Department of Genetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (E.J.T.); (H.T.)
| | - Shannon N. Westin
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (S.C.); (S.M.); (J.C.); (N.D.F.); (R.A.H.); (A.L.A.); (N.B.J.); (S.N.W.); (A.A.J.)
| | - Amir A. Jazaeri
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (S.C.); (S.M.); (J.C.); (N.D.F.); (R.A.H.); (A.L.A.); (N.B.J.); (S.N.W.); (A.A.J.)
| | - Jianhua Zhang
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (L.Z.); (J.Z.); (P.A.F.)
| | - P. Andrew Futreal
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (L.Z.); (J.Z.); (P.A.F.)
| | - Anil K. Sood
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (S.C.); (S.M.); (J.C.); (N.D.F.); (R.A.H.); (A.L.A.); (N.B.J.); (S.N.W.); (A.A.J.)
- Correspondence: (A.K.S.); (S.L.)
| | - Sanghoon Lee
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (S.C.); (S.M.); (J.C.); (N.D.F.); (R.A.H.); (A.L.A.); (N.B.J.); (S.N.W.); (A.A.J.)
- Correspondence: (A.K.S.); (S.L.)
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Targeting oncogenic KRAS with molecular brush-conjugated antisense oligonucleotides. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2113180119. [PMID: 35858356 PMCID: PMC9304022 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2113180119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The mutant form of the guanosine triphosphatase (GTPase) KRAS is a key driver in human tumors but remains a challenging therapeutic target, making KRASMUT cancers a highly unmet clinical need. Here, we report a class of bottlebrush polyethylene glycol (PEG)-conjugated antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) for potent in vivo KRAS depletion. Owing to their highly branched architecture, these molecular nanoconstructs suppress nearly all side effects associated with DNA-protein interactions and substantially enhance the pharmacological properties of the ASO, such as plasma pharmacokinetics and tumor uptake. Systemic delivery to mice bearing human non-small-cell lung carcinoma xenografts results in a significant reduction in both KRAS levels and tumor growth, and the antitumor performance well exceeds that of current popular ASO paradigms, such as chemically modified oligonucleotides and PEGylation using linear or slightly branched PEG. Importantly, these conjugates relax the requirement on the ASO chemistry, allowing unmodified, natural phosphodiester ASOs to achieve efficacy comparable to that of chemically modified ones. Both the bottlebrush polymer and its ASO conjugates appear to be safe and well tolerated in mice. Together, these data indicate that the molecular brush-ASO conjugate is a promising therapeutic platform for the treatment of KRAS-driven human cancers and warrant further preclinical and clinical development.
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92
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Ferreira A, Pereira F, Reis C, Oliveira MJ, Sousa MJ, Preto A. Crucial Role of Oncogenic KRAS Mutations in Apoptosis and Autophagy Regulation: Therapeutic Implications. Cells 2022; 11:cells11142183. [PMID: 35883626 PMCID: PMC9319879 DOI: 10.3390/cells11142183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
KRAS, one of the RAS protein family members, plays an important role in autophagy and apoptosis, through the regulation of several downstream effectors. In cancer cells, KRAS mutations confer the constitutive activation of this oncogene, stimulating cell proliferation, inducing autophagy, suppressing apoptosis, altering cell metabolism, changing cell motility and invasion and modulating the tumor microenvironment. In order to inhibit apoptosis, these oncogenic mutations were reported to upregulate anti-apoptotic proteins, including Bcl-xL and survivin, and to downregulate proteins related to apoptosis induction, including thymine-DNA glycosylase (TDG) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL). In addition, KRAS mutations are known to induce autophagy in order to promote cell survival and tumor progression through MAPK and PI3K regulation. Thus, these mutations confer resistance to anti-cancer drug treatment and, consequently, result in poor prognosis. Several therapies have been developed in order to overcome KRAS-induced cell death resistance and the downstream signaling pathways blockade, especially by combining MAPK and PI3K inhibitors, which demonstrated promising results. Understanding the involvement of KRAS mutations in apoptosis and autophagy regulation, might bring new avenues to the discovery of therapeutic approaches for CRCs harboring KRAS mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anabela Ferreira
- Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology (CBMA), Department of Biology, Campus de Gualtar, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; (A.F.); (F.P.); (M.J.S.)
- Institute of Science and Innovation for Bio-Sustainability (IB-S), Campus de Gualtar, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Flávia Pereira
- Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology (CBMA), Department of Biology, Campus de Gualtar, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; (A.F.); (F.P.); (M.J.S.)
- Institute of Science and Innovation for Bio-Sustainability (IB-S), Campus de Gualtar, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (i3S), University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (C.R.); (M.J.O.)
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering (INEB), University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Celso Reis
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (i3S), University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (C.R.); (M.J.O.)
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (IPATIMUP), 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria José Oliveira
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (i3S), University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (C.R.); (M.J.O.)
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering (INEB), University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria João Sousa
- Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology (CBMA), Department of Biology, Campus de Gualtar, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; (A.F.); (F.P.); (M.J.S.)
- Institute of Science and Innovation for Bio-Sustainability (IB-S), Campus de Gualtar, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Ana Preto
- Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology (CBMA), Department of Biology, Campus de Gualtar, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; (A.F.); (F.P.); (M.J.S.)
- Institute of Science and Innovation for Bio-Sustainability (IB-S), Campus de Gualtar, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +351-253-601524
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Liu J, Kang R, Tang D. The KRAS-G12C inhibitor: activity and resistance. Cancer Gene Ther 2022; 29:875-878. [PMID: 34471232 DOI: 10.1038/s41417-021-00383-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Although it has long been deemed "undruggable", with the development of drugs specifically binding the KRAS-G12C mutant protein, clinical trials that directly inhibit oncogenic RAS have recently made promising improvements. In particular, the covalent KRAS-G12C inhibitors sotorasib and adagrasib are used to treat patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) carrying KRAS-G12C mutations. Unfortunately, the vast majority of patients do not respond to KRAS-G12C inhibitor therapy, mainly due to intrinsic or acquired resistance caused by cellular, molecular, and genetic mechanisms. Improving the understanding of drug response in the tumor microenvironment may continue to promote the design, testing, and clinical application of KRAS-G12C inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Liu
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Rui Kang
- Department of Surgery, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Daolin Tang
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
- Department of Surgery, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
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Ryan MB, Coker O, Sorokin A, Fella K, Barnes H, Wong E, Kanikarla P, Gao F, Zhang Y, Zhou L, Kopetz S, Corcoran RB. KRAS G12C-independent feedback activation of wild-type RAS constrains KRAS G12C inhibitor efficacy. Cell Rep 2022; 39:110993. [PMID: 35732135 PMCID: PMC9809542 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Although KRAS has long been considered undruggable, direct KRASG12C inhibitors have shown promising initial clinical efficacy. However, the majority of patients still fail to respond. Adaptive feedback reactivation of RAS-mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling has been proposed by our group and others as a key mediator of resistance, but the exact mechanism driving reactivation and the therapeutic implications are unclear. We find that upstream feedback activation of wild-type RAS, as opposed to a shift in KRASG12C to its active guanosine triphosphate (GTP)-bound state, is sufficient to drive RAS-MAPK reactivation in a KRASG12C-independent manner. Moreover, multiple receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) can drive feedback reactivation, potentially necessitating targeting of convergent signaling nodes for more universal efficacy. Even in colorectal cancer, where feedback is thought to be primarily epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-mediated, alternative RTKs drive pathway reactivation and limit efficacy, but convergent upstream or downstream signal blockade can enhance activity. Overall, these data provide important mechanistic insight to guide therapeutic strategies targeting KRAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meagan B Ryan
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, 149 13(th) Street, 7(th) Floor, Boston, MA 02129, USA; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Oluwadara Coker
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Alexey Sorokin
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Katerina Fella
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, 149 13(th) Street, 7(th) Floor, Boston, MA 02129, USA; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Haley Barnes
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, 149 13(th) Street, 7(th) Floor, Boston, MA 02129, USA; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Edmond Wong
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, 149 13(th) Street, 7(th) Floor, Boston, MA 02129, USA; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Preeti Kanikarla
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Fengqin Gao
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | | | - Scott Kopetz
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ryan B Corcoran
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, 149 13(th) Street, 7(th) Floor, Boston, MA 02129, USA; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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Takao T, Masuda H, Kajitani T, Miki F, Miyazaki K, Yoshimasa Y, Katakura S, Tomisato S, Uchida S, Uchida H, Tanaka M, Maruyama T. Sorafenib targets and inhibits the oncogenic properties of endometrial cancer stem cells via the RAF/ERK pathway. Stem Cell Res Ther 2022; 13:225. [PMID: 35659728 PMCID: PMC9166406 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-022-02888-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Distinct subsets of cancer stem cells (CSCs) drive the initiation and progression of malignant tumors via enhanced self-renewal and development of treatment/apoptosis resistance. Endometrial CSC-selective drugs have not been successfully developed because most endometrial cell lines do not contain a sufficient proportion of stable CSCs. Here, we aimed to identify endometrial CSC-containing cell lines and to search for endometrial CSC-selective drugs.
Methods We first assessed the presence of CSCs by identifying side populations (SPs) in several endometrial cancer cell lines. We then characterized cell viability, colony-formation, transwell invasion and xenotransplantion capability using the isolated SP cells. We also conducted real-time RT-PCR, immunoblot and immunofluorescence analyses of the cells’ expression of CSC-associated markers. Focusing on 14 putative CSC-selective drugs, we characterized their effects on the proliferation and apoptosis of endometrial cancer cell lines, examining cell viability and annexin V staining. We further examined the inhibitory effects of the selected drugs, focusing on proliferation, invasion, expression of CSC-associated markers and tumor formation. Results We focused on HHUA cells, an endometrial cancer cell line derived from a well-differentiated endometrial adenocarcinoma. HHUA cells contained a sufficient proportion of stable CSCs with an SP phenotype (HHUA-SP). HHUA-SP showed greater proliferation, colony-formation, and invasive capabilities compared with the main population of HHUA cells (HHUA-MP). HHUA-SP generated larger tumors with higher expression of proliferation-related markers, Ki67, c-MYC and phosphorylated ERK compared with HHUA-MP when transplanted into immunodeficient mice. Among the 14 candidate drugs, sorafenib, an inhibitor of RAF pathways and multiple kinase receptors, inhibited cell proliferation and invasion in both HHUA-SP and -MP, but more profoundly in HHUA-SP. In vivo treatment with sorafenib for 4 weeks reduced the weights of HHUA-SP-derived tumors and decreased the expression of Ki67, ZEB1, and RAF1. Conclusions Our results suggest that HHUA is a useful cell line for discovery and identification of endometrial CSC-selective drugs, and that sorafenib may be an effective anti-endometrial cancer drug targeting endometrial CSCs. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13287-022-02888-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoka Takao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35, Shinanomachi, Shinjukuku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan.,Department of Regenerative Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 2-5-1, Shikatacho, Kitaku, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Masuda
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35, Shinanomachi, Shinjukuku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Takashi Kajitani
- Sakura No Seibo Junior College, 3-6, Hanazonocho, Fukushima, 960-8585, Japan
| | - Fumie Miki
- Sho Hospital, 1-41-14, Itabashi, Tokyo, 173-0004, Japan
| | - Kaoru Miyazaki
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35, Shinanomachi, Shinjukuku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Yushi Yoshimasa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35, Shinanomachi, Shinjukuku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Satomi Katakura
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35, Shinanomachi, Shinjukuku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Shoko Tomisato
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35, Shinanomachi, Shinjukuku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Sayaka Uchida
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35, Shinanomachi, Shinjukuku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Uchida
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35, Shinanomachi, Shinjukuku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Mamoru Tanaka
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35, Shinanomachi, Shinjukuku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Maruyama
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35, Shinanomachi, Shinjukuku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan.
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Kevlicius L, Cepulyte R, Vasilevska D, Griskevicius L, Zucenka A. Venetoclax-based regimens in combination with trametinib for RAS-mutated relapsed or refractory myeloid malignancies. Bone Marrow Transplant 2022; 57:1034-1037. [PMID: 35430592 DOI: 10.1038/s41409-022-01679-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Kevlicius
- Hematology, Oncology and Transfusion Medicine Center, Vilnius University Hospital Santaros Klinikos, Vilnius, Lithuania.
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania.
| | - Ruta Cepulyte
- Hematology, Oncology and Transfusion Medicine Center, Vilnius University Hospital Santaros Klinikos, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Dominika Vasilevska
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Laimonas Griskevicius
- Hematology, Oncology and Transfusion Medicine Center, Vilnius University Hospital Santaros Klinikos, Vilnius, Lithuania
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Andrius Zucenka
- Hematology, Oncology and Transfusion Medicine Center, Vilnius University Hospital Santaros Klinikos, Vilnius, Lithuania
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
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97
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Basseville A, Violet PC, Safari M, Sourbier C, Linehan WM, Robey RW, Levine M, Sackett DL, Bates SE. A Histone Deacetylase Inhibitor Induces Acetyl-CoA Depletion Leading to Lethal Metabolic Stress in RAS-Pathway Activated Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:2643. [PMID: 35681624 PMCID: PMC9179484 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14112643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The mechanism of action of romidepsin and other histone deacetylase inhibitors is still not fully explained. Our goal was to gain a mechanistic understanding of the RAS-linked phenotype associated with romidepsin sensitivity. METHODS The NCI60 dataset was screened for molecular clues to romidepsin sensitivity. Histone acetylation, DNA damage, ROS production, metabolic state (real-time measurement and metabolomics), and gene expression alterations (transcriptomics) were determined in KRAS-WT versus KRAS-mutant cell groups. The search for biomarkers in response to HDACi was implemented by supervised machine learning analysis on a 608-cell transcriptomic dataset and validated in a clinical dataset. RESULTS Romidepsin treatment induced depletion in acetyl-CoA in all tested cell lines, which led to oxidative stress, metabolic stress, and increased death-particularly in KRAS-mutant cell lines. Romidepsin-induced stresses and death were rescued by acetyl-CoA replenishment. Two acetyl-CoA gene expression signatures associated with HDACi sensitivity were derived from machine learning analysis in the CCLE (Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia) cell panel. Signatures were then validated in the training cohort for seven HDACi, and in an independent 13-patient cohort treated with belinostat. CONCLUSIONS Our study reveals the importance of acetyl-CoA metabolism in HDAC sensitivity, and it highlights acetyl-CoA generation pathways as potential targets to combine with HDACi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnes Basseville
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA;
- Omics Data Science Unit, Institut de Cancérologie de l’Ouest, 49055 Angers, France
| | - Pierre-Christian Violet
- Molecular and Clinical Nutrition Section, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (P.-C.V.); (M.L.)
| | - Maryam Safari
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA;
| | - Carole Sourbier
- Urology Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (C.S.); (W.M.L.)
- Office of Biotechnology Products, Office of Pharmaceutical Quality, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20903, USA
| | - W. Marston Linehan
- Urology Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (C.S.); (W.M.L.)
| | - Robert W. Robey
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA;
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Mark Levine
- Molecular and Clinical Nutrition Section, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (P.-C.V.); (M.L.)
| | - Dan L. Sackett
- Division of Basic and Translational Biophysics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA;
| | - Susan E. Bates
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA;
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA;
- Hematology/Oncology Research Department, James J. Peters Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, New York, NY 10468, USA
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HRAS Q61L Mutation as a Possible Target for Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: Case Series and Review of Literature. Curr Oncol 2022; 29:3748-3758. [PMID: 35621690 PMCID: PMC9139372 DOI: 10.3390/curroncol29050300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Assessment of actionable gene mutations and oncogene fusions have made a paradigm shift in treatment strategies of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). HRAS mutations involved around 0.2–0.8% of NSCLC patients, mostly on codon 61. For these patients, few data are available regarding clinical characteristics and response to therapies. Methods: Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) done routinely at Nantes University Hospital was used to identify HRAS molecular alterations in NSCLC patients. We identified and described four HRAS p.GlnQ61Leu mutated patients. Literature of previously HRAS-mutant NSCLC cases was reviewed, and available data in solid tumour with the most advanced H-Ras specific inhibitor, tipifarnib, were presented. Results: Of 1614 patients diagnosed with advanced NSCLC from January 2018 to December 2020, four (0.25%) had HRAS p.Gln61Leu mutation. Three of them died during the first-line systemic therapy. Furthermore, three additional cases were identified in literature. All cases were current or former smokers, most of them had pleural or pericardial effusion at diagnosis. Conclusions: The clinical course of patients with HRAS-mutant NSCLC remains unclear. Furthers cases should be identified in order to clarify prognosis and response to therapies. Tipifarnib, a farnesyl transferase inhibitor, is a promising candidate to target HRAS-mutant tumours and should be explored in NSCLC patients.
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Mendiratta G, Jones MK, Stites EC. How often is each gene mutated within the cancer patient population? Mol Cell Oncol 2022; 9:2065176. [PMID: 35529901 PMCID: PMC9067461 DOI: 10.1080/23723556.2022.2065176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Genome sequenced samples from cancer patients helped identify roles of different mutation types and enabled targeted therapy development. However, critical questions like what are the gene mutation rates among the patients? or what genes are most commonly mutated, pan-cancer? have only been recently answered. Here, we highlight this recent advance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav Mendiratta
- Integrative Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Michael K. Jones
- Integrative Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Edward C. Stites
- Integrative Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
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100
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Rosati G, Aprile G, Colombo A, Cordio S, Giampaglia M, Cappetta A, Porretto CM, De Stefano A, Bilancia D, Avallone A. Colorectal Cancer Heterogeneity and the Impact on Precision Medicine and Therapy Efficacy. Biomedicines 2022; 10:1035. [PMID: 35625772 PMCID: PMC9138254 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10051035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Novel targeted therapies for metastatic colorectal cancer are needed to personalize treatments by guiding specific biomarkers selected on the genetic profile of patients. RAS and BRAF inhibitors have been developed for patients who become unresponsive to standard therapies. Sotorasib and adagrasib showed promising results in phase I/II basket trial and a phase III trial was planned with a combination of these RAS inhibitors and anti-EGFR monoclonal antibodies. Encorafenib and binimetinib were administered in phase II clinical trials for BRAF mutated patients. Pembrolizumab is now recommended in patients exhibiting microsatellite instability. Larotrectinib and entrectinib showed a fast and durable response with few and reversible adverse events in cases with NTRK fusions. Trastuzumab and trastuzumab deruxtecan exhibited promising and durable activity in HER-2-positive patients. In this review, the reasons for an extension of the molecular profile of patients were assessed and placed in the context of the advancements in the understanding of genetics. We highlight the differential effect of new targeted therapies through an ever-deeper characterization of tumor tissue. An overview of ongoing clinical trials is also provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerardo Rosati
- Medical Oncology Unit, “S. Carlo” Hospital, 85100 Potenza, Italy; (M.G.); (D.B.)
| | - Giuseppe Aprile
- Department of Oncology, “San Bortolo” General Hospital, Azienda ULSS8 Berica, 36100 Vicenza, Italy; (G.A.); (A.C.)
| | - Alfredo Colombo
- Medical Oncology Unit, CDC Macchiarella, 90138 Palermo, Italy; (A.C.); (C.M.P.)
| | - Stefano Cordio
- Medical Oncology Unit, “Maria Paternò Arezzo” Hospital, 97100 Ragusa, Italy;
| | - Marianna Giampaglia
- Medical Oncology Unit, “S. Carlo” Hospital, 85100 Potenza, Italy; (M.G.); (D.B.)
| | - Alessandro Cappetta
- Department of Oncology, “San Bortolo” General Hospital, Azienda ULSS8 Berica, 36100 Vicenza, Italy; (G.A.); (A.C.)
| | | | - Alfonso De Stefano
- Experimental Clinical Abdominal Oncology Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS-Fondazione “G. Pascale”, 80121 Napoli, Italy;
| | - Domenico Bilancia
- Medical Oncology Unit, “S. Carlo” Hospital, 85100 Potenza, Italy; (M.G.); (D.B.)
| | - Antonio Avallone
- Experimental Clinical Abdominal Oncology Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS-Fondazione “G. Pascale”, 80121 Napoli, Italy;
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