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Chen M, Zhuang S, Cheng J, Miao J, Tai X, Gu Y, Qin Z, Zhang J, Tang Y, Sun Y, Wan P. Nano-Polycrystalline Cu Layer Interlaced with Ti 3+-Self-Doped TiO 2 Nanotube Arrays as an Electrocatalyst for Reduction of Nitrate to Ammonia. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:16680-16691. [PMID: 36961955 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c22399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The electrochemical nitrate reduction reaction (NO3RR) is considered as a promising strategy to degrade nitrate-containing wastewater and synthesize recyclable ammonia at atmospheric pressure and room temperature. In this work, the copper oxides-derived nano-polycrystalline Cu (NPC Cu) was integrated with Ti3+-self-doped TiO2 nanotube arrays (NTA) to fabricate the NPC Cu/H-TiO2 NTA. Ti3+-self-doped TiO2 NTAs and the NPC Cu facilitate electron transfer and mass transportation and create abundant active sites. The unique nanostructure in which Cu nano-polycrystals interlace with the TiO2 nanotube accelerates the electron transfer from the substrate to surface NPC Cu. The density functional theory calculations confirm that the built-in electric field between Cu and TiO2 improves the adsorption characteristic of the NPC Cu/H-TiO2 NTA, thereby converting the endothermic NO3- adsorption step into an exothermic process. Therefore, the high NO3- conversion of 98.97%, the Faradic efficiency of 95.59%, and the ammonia production yield of 0.81 mg cm-2 h-1 are achieved at -0.45 V vs reversible hydrogen electrode in 10 mM NaNO3 (140 mg L-1)-0.1 M Na2SO4. This well-designed NPC Cu/H-TiO2 NTA as an effective electrocatalyst for the 8e- NO3RR possesses promising potential in the applications of ammonia production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingfei Chen
- Institute of Applied Electrochemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Number 15, Northeast Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100029, China
- Changchun Green Drive Hydrogen Technology Co., Ltd, China-Korea Building, No. 1577 Jinhui Road, China-Kore (Changchun) International Cooperation Demonstration Zone, Changchun 130102, China
| | - Shuxian Zhuang
- National Fundamental Research Laboratory of New Hazardous Chemicals Assessment & Accident Analysis, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Number 15, Northeast Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100029, China
- Carbon Neutrality Research Center, State Power Investment Corporation Central Research Institute, South Park, Beijing Future Science Park, Changping District, Beijing 102209, China
| | - Jinlu Cheng
- Institute of Applied Electrochemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Number 15, Northeast Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Jinyuan Miao
- National Fundamental Research Laboratory of New Hazardous Chemicals Assessment & Accident Analysis, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Number 15, Northeast Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Xuefeng Tai
- Institute of Applied Electrochemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Number 15, Northeast Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yinghua Gu
- Institute of Applied Electrochemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Number 15, Northeast Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Zhiwei Qin
- Institute of Applied Electrochemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Number 15, Northeast Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Jinpeng Zhang
- National Fundamental Research Laboratory of New Hazardous Chemicals Assessment & Accident Analysis, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Number 15, Northeast Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yang Tang
- Institute of Applied Electrochemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Number 15, Northeast Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yanzhi Sun
- National Fundamental Research Laboratory of New Hazardous Chemicals Assessment & Accident Analysis, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Number 15, Northeast Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Pingyu Wan
- National Fundamental Research Laboratory of New Hazardous Chemicals Assessment & Accident Analysis, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Number 15, Northeast Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100029, China
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Kokubo Y, Tsuzuki K, Sugiura H, Yomura S, Wasada-Tsutsui Y, Ozawa T, Yanagisawa S, Kubo M, Takeyama T, Yamaguchi T, Shimazaki Y, Kugimiya S, Masuda H, Kajita Y. Syntheses, Characterizations, Crystal Structures, and Protonation Reactions of Dinitrogen Chromium Complexes Supported with Triamidoamine Ligands. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:5320-5333. [PMID: 36972224 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c01561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
A novel dinitrogen-dichromium complex, [{Cr(LBn)}2(μ-N2)] (1), has been prepared from reaction of CrCl3 with a lithiated triamidoamine ligand (Li3LBn) under dinitrogen. The X-ray crystal structure analysis of 1 revealed that it is composed of two independent dimeric Cr complexes bridged by N2 in the unit cell. The bridged N-N bond lengths (1.188(4) and 1.185(7) Å) were longer than the free dinitrogen molecule. The elongations of N-N bonds in 1 were also supported by the fact that the ν(N-N) stretching vibration at 1772 cm-1 observed in toluene is smaller than the free N2. Complex 1 was identified to be a 5-coordinated high spin Cr(IV) complex by Cr K-edge XANES measurement. The 1H NMR spectrum and temperature dependent magnetic susceptibility of 1 indicated that complex 1 is in the S = 1 ground state, in which two Cr(IV) ions and unpaired electron spins of the bridging N22- ligand are strongly antiferromagnetically coupled. Reaction of complex 1 with 2.3 equiv of Na or K gave chromium complexes with N2 between the Cr ion and the respective alkali metal ion, [{CrNa(LBn)(N2)(Et2O)}2] (2) and [{CrK(LBn)(N2)}4(Et2O)2] (3), respectively. Furthermore, the complexes 2 and 3 reacted with 15-crown-5 and 18-crown-6 to form the respective crown-ether adducts, [CrNa(LBn)(N2)(15-crown-5)] (4) and [CrK(LBn)(N2)(18-crown-6)] (5). The XANES measurements of complexes 2, 3, 4, and 5 revealed that they are high spin Cr(IV) complexes like complex 1. All complexes reacted with a reducing agent and a proton source to form NH3 and/or N2H4. The yields of these products in the presence of K+ were higher than those in the presence of Na+. The electronic structures and binding properties of 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 were evaluated and discussed based on their DFT calculations.
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53
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Boekell NG, Bartulovich CO, Maity S, Flowers RA. Accessing Unusual Reactivity through Chelation-Promoted Bond Weakening. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:5040-5045. [PMID: 36912617 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c00298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
Abstract
Highly reducing Sm(II) reductants and protic ligands were used as a platform to ascertain the relationship between low-valent metal-protic ligand affinity and degree of ligand X-H bond weakening with the goal of forming potent proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET) reductants. Among the Sm(II)-protic ligand reductant systems investigated, the samarium dibromide N-methylethanolamine (SmBr2-NMEA) reagent system displayed the best combination of metal-ligand affinity and stability against H2 evolution. The use of SmBr2-NMEA afforded the reduction of a range of substrates that are typically recalcitrant to single-electron reduction including alkynes, lactones, and arenes as stable as biphenyl. Moreover, the unique role of NMEA as a chelating ligand for Sm(II) was demonstrated by the reductive cyclization of unactivated esters bearing pendant olefins in contrast to the SmBr2-water-amine system. Finally, the SmBr2-NMEA reagent system was found to reduce substrates analogous to key intermediates in the nitrogen fixation process. These results reveal SmBr2-NMEA to be a powerful reductant for a wide range of challenging substrates and demonstrate the potential for the rational design of PCET reagents with exceptionally weak X-H bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas G Boekell
- Department of Chemistry, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, United States
| | - Caroline O Bartulovich
- Department of Chemistry, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, United States
| | - Sandeepan Maity
- Department of Chemistry, C. V. Raman Global University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 752054, India
| | - Robert A Flowers
- Department of Chemistry, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, United States
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54
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Stadler B, Meng HHY, Belazregue S, Webster L, Collauto A, Byrne KM, Krämer T, Chadwick FM. PCP Pincer Complexes of Titanium in the +3 and +4 Oxidation States. Organometallics 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.2c00662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Benedek Stadler
- Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, 82 Wood Lane, London W12 0BZ, United Kingdom
| | - Hilary H. Y. Meng
- Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, 82 Wood Lane, London W12 0BZ, United Kingdom
| | - Sara Belazregue
- Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, 82 Wood Lane, London W12 0BZ, United Kingdom
| | - Leah Webster
- Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, 82 Wood Lane, London W12 0BZ, United Kingdom
| | - Alberto Collauto
- Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, 82 Wood Lane, London W12 0BZ, United Kingdom
| | - Keelan M. Byrne
- Department of Chemistry, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Co. Kildare W23 F2H6, Ireland
| | - Tobias Krämer
- Department of Chemistry, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Co. Kildare W23 F2H6, Ireland
| | - F. Mark Chadwick
- Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, 82 Wood Lane, London W12 0BZ, United Kingdom
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55
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Zhang Y, Pan X, Xu M, Xiong C, Hong D, Fang H, Cui P. Dinitrogen Complexes of Cobalt(-I) Supported by Rare-Earth Metal-Based Metalloligands. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:3836-3846. [PMID: 36800534 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c04099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
Sequential reactions of heptadentate phosphinoamine LH3 with rare-earth metal tris-alkyl precursor (Me3SiCH2)3Ln(THF)2 (Ln = Sc, Lu, Yb, Y, Gd) and a low-valent cobalt complex (Ph3P)3CoI afforded rare-earth metal-supported cobalt iodide complexes. Reduction of these iodide complexes under N2 allowed the isolation of the first series of dinitrogen complexes of Co(-I) featuring dative Co(-I) → Ln (Ln = Sc, Lu, Yb, Y, Gd) bonding interactions. These compounds were characterized by multinuclear NMR spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction analysis, electrochemistry, and computational studies. The correlation of N-N vibrational frequencies with the pKa of [Ln(H2O)6]3+ showed that strongest activation of N2 was achieved with the least Lewis acidic Gd(III) ion. Interestingly, these Ln-Co-N2 complexes catalyzed silylation of N2 in the presence of KC8 and Me3SiCl with turnover numbers (TONs) up to 16, where the lutetium-supported Co(-I) complex showed the highest activity within the series. The role of the Lewis acidic Ln(III) was crucial to achieve catalytic turnovers and tunable reactivity toward N2 functionalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Functionalized Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, 189 South Jiuhua Road, Wuhu, Anhui 241002, P. R. China
| | - Xiaowei Pan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin Key Lab for Rare Earth Materials and Applications, Nankai University, No. 38 Tongyan Road, Haihe Education Park, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China
| | - Min Xu
- Key Laboratory of Functionalized Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, 189 South Jiuhua Road, Wuhu, Anhui 241002, P. R. China
| | - Chunyan Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Functionalized Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, 189 South Jiuhua Road, Wuhu, Anhui 241002, P. R. China
| | - Dongjing Hong
- Key Laboratory of Functionalized Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, 189 South Jiuhua Road, Wuhu, Anhui 241002, P. R. China
| | - Huayi Fang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin Key Lab for Rare Earth Materials and Applications, Nankai University, No. 38 Tongyan Road, Haihe Education Park, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China
| | - Peng Cui
- Key Laboratory of Functionalized Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, 189 South Jiuhua Road, Wuhu, Anhui 241002, P. R. China
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56
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Fu M, Mao Y, Wang H, Luo W, Jiang Y, Shen W, Li M, He R. Enhancing the electrocatalytic performance of nitrate reduction to ammonia by in-situ nitrogen leaching. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2023.108341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
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57
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Junge J, Engesser TA, Tuczek F. N 2 Reduction versus H 2 Evolution in a Molybdenum- or Tungsten-Based Small-Molecule Model System of Nitrogenase. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202202629. [PMID: 36458957 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202202629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Molybdenum dinitrogen complexes have played a major role as catalytic model systems of nitrogenase. In comparison, analogous tungsten complexes have in most cases found to be catalytically inactive. Herein, a tungsten complex was shown to be supported by a pentadentate tetrapodal (pentaPod) phosphine ligand, under conditions of N2 fixation, primarily catalyzes the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), in contrast to its Mo analogue, which catalytically mediates the nitrogen-reduction reaction (N2 RR). DFT calculations were employed to evaluate possible mechanisms and identify the most likely pathways of N2 RR and HER activities exhibited by Mo- and W-pentaPod complexes. Two mechanisms for N2 RR by PCET are considered, starting from neutral (M(0) cycle) and cationic (M(I) cycle) dinitrogen complexes (M=Mo, W). The latter was found to be energetically more favorable. For HER three scenarios are treated; that is, through bimolecular reactions of early M-Nx Hy intermediates, pure hydride intermediates or mixed M(H)(Nx Hy ) species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jannik Junge
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Max-Eyth-Strasse 2, 24118, Kiel, Germany
| | - Tobias A Engesser
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Max-Eyth-Strasse 2, 24118, Kiel, Germany
| | - Felix Tuczek
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Max-Eyth-Strasse 2, 24118, Kiel, Germany
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58
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Ke Z, He D, Yan X, Hu W, Williams N, Kang H, Pan X, Huang J, Gu J, Xiao X. Selective NO x- Electroreduction to Ammonia on Isolated Ru Sites. ACS NANO 2023; 17:3483-3491. [PMID: 36745389 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c09691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Nitrate and nitrite (NOx-) are widespread contaminants in industrial wastewater and groundwater. Sustainable ammonia (NH3) production via NOx- electroreduction provides a prospective alternative to the energy-intensive industrialized Haber-Bosch process. However, selectively regulating the reaction pathway, which involves complicated electron/proton transfer, toward NH3 generation relies on the robust catalyst. A specific consideration in designing selective NOx--to-NH3 catalysts should meet the criteria to suppress competing hydrogen evolution and avoid the presence of neighboring active sites that are in favor of adverse N-N coupling. Nevertheless, efforts in this regard are still inadequate. Herein, we demonstrate that isolated ruthenium sites can selectively reduce NOx- into NH3, with maximal Faradaic efficiencies of 97.8% (NO2- reduction) and 72.8% (NO3- reduction) at -0.6 and -0.4 V, respectively. Density functional theory calculations simulated the reaction mechanisms and identified the *NO → *NOH as the potential rate-limiting step for NOx--to-NH3 conversion on single-atom Ru sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zunjian Ke
- Department of Physics, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China
| | - Dong He
- Department of Physics, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China
| | - Xingxu Yan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Wenhui Hu
- Department of Chemistry, Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, United States
| | - Nicholas Williams
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, California 92182-1030, United States
| | - Hongxing Kang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, California 92182-1030, United States
| | - Xiaoqing Pan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
- Irvine Materials Research Institute, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Jier Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, United States
| | - Jing Gu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, California 92182-1030, United States
| | - Xiangheng Xiao
- Department of Physics, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China
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59
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Yamamoto A, Liu X, Arashiba K, Konomi A, Tanaka H, Yoshizawa K, Nishibayashi Y, Yoshida H. Coordination Structure of Samarium Diiodide in a Tetrahydrofuran-Water Mixture. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:5348-5356. [PMID: 36728764 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c03752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Chemoselective reductive conversion of organic and inorganic compounds has been developed by the combination of samarium(II) diiodide (SmI2) and water. Despite the extensive previous studies to elucidate the role of water in the reactivity of SmI2, the direct structural data of the reactive Sm2+-water complexes, SmI2(H2O)n, in an organic solvent-water mixture have not been reported experimentally so far. Herein, we performed the structure analysis of the Sm2+-water complex in tetrahydrofuran (THF) in the presence of water by in situ X-ray absorption spectroscopy using high-energy X-rays (Sm K-edge, 46.8 keV). The analysis revealed the dissociation of the Sm2+-I bonds in the presence of ≥ eight equivalents of water in the THF-water mixture. The origin of the peak shift in the UV/visible absorption spectra after the addition of water into SmI2/THF solution was proposed based on electron transitions simulated with time-dependent density-functional-theory calculations using optimized structures in THF or water. The obtained structural information provides the fundamental insights for elucidating the reactivity and chemoselectivity in the Sm2+-water complex system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Yamamoto
- Department of Interdisciplinary Environment, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Yoshida Nihonmatsu-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto606-8501, Japan.,Elements Strategy Initiative for Catalysts & Batteries (ESICB), Kyoto University, Kyotodaigaku Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto615-8520, Japan
| | - Xueshi Liu
- Department of Interdisciplinary Environment, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Yoshida Nihonmatsu-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto606-8501, Japan
| | - Kazuya Arashiba
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo113-8656, Japan
| | - Asuka Konomi
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka819-0395, Japan
| | - Hiromasa Tanaka
- School of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Daido University, Minami-ku, Nagoya457-8530, Japan
| | - Kazunari Yoshizawa
- Elements Strategy Initiative for Catalysts & Batteries (ESICB), Kyoto University, Kyotodaigaku Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto615-8520, Japan.,Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka819-0395, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Nishibayashi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo113-8656, Japan
| | - Hisao Yoshida
- Department of Interdisciplinary Environment, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Yoshida Nihonmatsu-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto606-8501, Japan.,Elements Strategy Initiative for Catalysts & Batteries (ESICB), Kyoto University, Kyotodaigaku Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto615-8520, Japan
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Zheng J, Lyu Y, Huang A, Johannessen B, Cao X, Jiang SP, Wang S. Deciphering the synergy between electron localization and alloying for photoelectrochemical nitrogen reduction to ammonia. CHINESE JOURNAL OF CATALYSIS 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/s1872-2067(22)64178-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Kim H, Jan A, Kwon DH, Ji HI, Yoon KJ, Lee JH, Jun Y, Son JW, Yang S. Exsolution of Ru Nanoparticles on BaCe 0.9 Y 0.1 O 3-δ Modifying Geometry and Electronic Structure of Ru for Ammonia Synthesis Reaction Under Mild Conditions. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2205424. [PMID: 36464649 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202205424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Green ammonia is an efficient, carbon-free energy carrier and storage medium. The ammonia synthesis using green hydrogen requires an active catalyst that operates under mild conditions. The catalytic activity can be promoted by controlling the geometry and electronic structure of the active species. An exsolution process is implemented to improve catalytic activity by modulating the geometry and electronic structure of Ru. Ru nanoparticles exsolved on a BaCe0.9 Y0.1 O3-δ support exhibit uniform size distribution, 5.03 ± 0.91 nm, and exhibited one of the highest activities, 387.31 mmolNH3 gRu -1 h-1 (0.1 MPa and 450 °C). The role of the exsolution and BaCe0.9 Y0.1 O3-δ support is studied by comparing the catalyst with control samples and in-depth characterizations. The optimal nanoparticle size is maintained during the reaction, as the Ru nanoparticles prepared by exsolution are well-anchored to the support with in-plane epitaxy. The electronic structure of Ru is modified by unexpected in situ Ba promoter accumulation around the base of the Ru nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayoung Kim
- Energy Materials Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
- Graduate School of Energy and Environment (KU-KIST Green School), Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Asif Jan
- Energy Materials Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
- Nanomaterials Science and Engineering, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), KIST Campus, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Deok-Hwang Kwon
- Energy Materials Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho-Il Ji
- Energy Materials Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
- Nanomaterials Science and Engineering, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), KIST Campus, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Joong Yoon
- Energy Materials Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
- Yonsei-KIST Convergence Research Institute, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Ho Lee
- Energy Materials Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
- Nanomaterials Science and Engineering, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), KIST Campus, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Yongseok Jun
- Graduate School of Energy and Environment (KU-KIST Green School), Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Won Son
- Energy Materials Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
- Graduate School of Energy and Environment (KU-KIST Green School), Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungeun Yang
- Energy Materials Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
- Nanomaterials Science and Engineering, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), KIST Campus, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
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62
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Near ambient N2 fixation on solid electrodes versus enzymes and homogeneous catalysts. Nat Rev Chem 2023; 7:184-201. [PMID: 37117902 DOI: 10.1038/s41570-023-00462-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/31/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The Mo/Fe nitrogenase enzyme is unique in its ability to efficiently reduce dinitrogen to ammonia at atmospheric pressures and room temperature. Should an artificial electrolytic device achieve the same feat, it would revolutionize fertilizer production and even provide an energy-dense, truly carbon-free fuel. This Review provides a coherent comparison of recent progress made in dinitrogen fixation on solid electrodes, homogeneous catalysts and nitrogenases. Specific emphasis is placed on systems for which there is unequivocal evidence that dinitrogen reduction has taken place. By establishing the cross-cutting themes and synergies between these systems, we identify viable avenues for future research.
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63
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Photocatalytic nitrogen fixation under an ambient atmosphere using a porous coordination polymer with bridging dinitrogen anions. Nat Chem 2023; 15:286-293. [PMID: 36522581 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-022-01088-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The design of highly electron-active and stable heterogeneous catalysts for the ambient nitrogen reduction reaction is challenging due to the inertness of the N2 molecule. Here, we report the synthesis of a zinc-based coordination polymer that features bridging dinitrogen anionic ligands, {[Zn(L)(N2)0.5(TCNQ-TCNQ)0.5]·(TCNQ)0.5}n (L is tetra(isoquinolin-6-yl)tetrathiafulvalene and TCNQ is tetracyanoquinodimethane), and show that it is an efficient photocatalyst for nitrogen fixation under an ambient atmosphere. It exhibits an ammonia conversion rate of 140 μmol g-1 h-1 and functions well also with unpurified air as the feeding gas. Experimental and theoretical studies show that the active [Zn2+-(N≡N)--Zn2+] sites can promote the formation of NH3 and the detachment of the NH3 formed creates unsaturated [Zn2+···Zn+] intermediates, which in turn can be refilled by external N2 sequestration and fast intermolecular electron migration. The [Zn2+···Zn+] intermediates stabilized by the sandwiched cage-like donor-acceptor-donor framework can sustain continuous catalytic cycles. This work presents an example of a molecular active site embedded within a coordination polymer for nitrogen fixation under mild conditions.
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64
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Xin X, Douair I, Zhao Y, Wang S, Maron L, Zhu C. Dinitrogen cleavage and hydrogenation to ammonia with a uranium complex. Natl Sci Rev 2023; 10:nwac144. [PMID: 36950222 PMCID: PMC10026940 DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwac144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The Haber-Bosch process produces ammonia (NH3) from dinitrogen (N2) and dihydrogen (H2), but requires high temperature and pressure. Before iron-based catalysts were exploited in the current industrial Haber-Bosch process, uranium-based materials served as effective catalysts for production of NH3 from N2. Although some molecular uranium complexes are known to be capable of combining with N2, further hydrogenation with H2 forming NH3 has not been reported to date. Here, we describe the first example of N2 cleavage and hydrogenation with H2 to NH3 with a molecular uranium complex. The N2 cleavage product contains three uranium centers that are bridged by three imido μ 2-NH ligands and one nitrido μ 3-N ligand. Labeling experiments with 15N demonstrate that the nitrido ligand in the product originates from N2. Reaction of the N2-cleaved complex with H2 or H+ forms NH3 under mild conditions. A synthetic cycle has been established by the reaction of the N2-cleaved complex with trimethylsilyl chloride. The isolation of this trinuclear imido-nitrido product implies that a multi-metallic uranium assembly plays an important role in the activation of N2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqing Xin
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
- School of Medicine and Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Iskander Douair
- LPCNO, CNRS and INSA, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse 31077, France
| | - Yue Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Shuao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X) and Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
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65
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Huang W, Peng LY, Zhang J, Liu C, Song G, Su JH, Fang WH, Cui G, Hu S. Vanadium-Catalyzed Dinitrogen Reduction to Ammonia via a [V]═NNH 2 Intermediate. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:811-821. [PMID: 36596224 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c08000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The catalytic transformation of N2 to NH3 by transition metal complexes is of great interest and importance but has remained a challenge to date. Despite the essential role of vanadium in biological N2 fixation, well-defined vanadium complexes that can catalyze the conversion of N2 to NH3 are scarce. In particular, a V(NxHy) intermediate derived from proton/electron transfer reactions of coordinated N2 remains unknown. Here, we report a dinitrogen-bridged divanadium complex bearing POCOP (2,6-(tBu2PO)2-C6H3) pincer and aryloxy ligands, which can serve as a catalyst for the reduction of N2 to NH3 and N2H4. Low-temperature protonation and reduction of the dinitrogen complex afforded the first structurally characterized neutral metal hydrazido(2-) species ([V]═NNH2), which mediated 15N2 conversion to 15NH3, indicating that it is a plausible intermediate of the catalysis. DFT calculations showed that the vanadium hydrazido complex [V]═NNH2 possessed a N-H bond dissociation free energy (BDFEN-H) of as high as 59.1 kcal/mol. The protonation of a vanadium amide complex ([V]-NH2) with [Ph2NH2][OTf] resulted in the release of NH3 and the formation of a vanadium triflate complex, which upon reduction under N2 afforded the vanadium dinitrogen complex. These transformations model the final steps of a vanadium-catalyzed N2 reduction cycle. Both experimental and theoretical studies suggest that the catalytic reaction may proceed via a distal pathway to liberate NH3. These findings provide unprecedented insights into the mechanism of N2 reduction related to FeV nitrogenase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenshuang Huang
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P. R. China
| | - Ling-Ya Peng
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P. R. China
| | - Jiayu Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, P. R. China
| | - Chenrui Liu
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P. R. China
| | - Guoyong Song
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, P. R. China
| | - Ji-Hu Su
- CAS Key Laboratory of Microscale Magnetic Resonance and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P. R. China
| | - Wei-Hai Fang
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P. R. China
| | - Ganglong Cui
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P. R. China
| | - Shaowei Hu
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P. R. China
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66
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Ibrahim AF, Garrido-Barros P, Peters JC. Electrocatalytic Nitrogen Reduction on a Molybdenum Complex Bearing a PNP Pincer Ligand. ACS Catal 2023; 13:72-78. [PMID: 38487038 PMCID: PMC10939127 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c04769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Electrocatalytic nitrogen reduction (N2R) mediated by well-defined molecular catalysts is poorly developed by comparison with other reductive electrocatalytic transformations. Herein, we explore the viability of electrocatalytic N2R mediated by a molecular Mo-PNP complex. A careful choice of acid, electrode material, and electrolyte mitigates electrode-mediated HER under direct electrolysis and affords up to 11.7 equiv of NH3 (Faradaic efficiency < 43%) at -1.89 V versus Fc+/Fc. The addition of a proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET) mediator has no effect. The data presented are rationalized by an initial electron transfer (ET) that sets the applied bias needed and further reveal an important impact of [Mo] concentration, thereby pointing to potential bimolecular steps (e.g., N2 splitting) as previously proposed during chemically driven N2R catalysis. Finally, facile reductive protonation of [Mo(N)Br(HPNP)] with pyridinium acids is demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ammar F Ibrahim
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology (Caltech), Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Pablo Garrido-Barros
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology (Caltech), Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Jonas C Peters
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology (Caltech), Pasadena, California 91125, United States
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67
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Zha Y, Liu M, Wang J, Feng J, Li D, Zhao D, Zhang S, Shi T. Electrochemical ammonia synthesis by reduction of nitrate on Au doped Cu nanowires †. RSC Adv 2023; 13:9839-9844. [PMID: 36998524 PMCID: PMC10043758 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra00679d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Electrochemical nitrate reduction reaction (NO3−RR) to synthesize valuable ammonia (NH3) is considered as a green and appealing alternative to enable an artificial nitrogen cycle. However, as there are other NO3−RR pathways present, selectively guiding the reaction pathway towards NH3 is currently challenged by the lack of efficient catalyst. Here, we demonstrate a novel electrocatalyst for NO3−RR consisting of Au doped Cu nanowires on a copper foam (CF) electrode (Au–Cu NWs/CF), which delivers a remarkable NH3 yield rate of 5336.0 ± 159.2 μg h−1 cm−2 and an exceptional faradaic efficiency (FE) of 84.1 ± 1.0% at −1.05 V (vs. RHE). The 15N isotopic labelling experiments confirm that the yielded NH3 is indeed from the Au–Cu NWs/CF catalyzed NO3−RR process. The XPS analysis and in situ infrared spectroscopy (IR) spectroscopy characterization results indicated that the electron transfer between the Cu and Au interface and oxygen vacancy synergistically decreased the reduction reaction barrier and inhibited the generation of hydrogen in the competitive reaction, resulting in a high conversion, selectivity and FE for NO3−RR. This work not only develops a powerful strategy for the rational design of robust and efficient catalysts by defect engineering, but also provides new insights for selective nitrate electroreduction to NH3. Electrochemical nitrate reduction reaction (NO3−RR) to synthesize valuable ammonia (NH3) is considered as a green and appealing alternative to enable an artificial nitrogen cycle.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuankang Zha
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Institute of Solid State Physics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of SciencesHefei 230031China
- University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China
| | - Min Liu
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Institute of Solid State Physics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of SciencesHefei 230031China
| | - Jinlu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Institute of Solid State Physics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of SciencesHefei 230031China
| | - Jiyu Feng
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Institute of Solid State Physics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of SciencesHefei 230031China
| | - Daopeng Li
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Institute of Solid State Physics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of SciencesHefei 230031China
| | - Dongnan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Institute of Solid State Physics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of SciencesHefei 230031China
| | - Shengbo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Institute of Solid State Physics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of SciencesHefei 230031China
- University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China
| | - Tongfei Shi
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Institute of Solid State Physics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of SciencesHefei 230031China
- University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China
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68
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Recent Progress in Pd based Electrocatalysts for Electrochemical Nitrogen Reduction to Ammonia. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2023.117174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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69
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Okazawa K, Tsuji Y, Kurino K, Yoshida M, Amamoto Y, Yoshizawa K. Exploring the Optimal Alloy for Nitrogen Activation by Combining Bayesian Optimization with Density Functional Theory Calculations. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:45403-45408. [PMID: 36530308 PMCID: PMC9753506 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c05988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Binary alloy catalysts have the potential to exhibit higher activity than monometallic catalysts in nitrogen activation reactions. However, owing to the multiple possible combinations of metal elements constituting binary alloys, an exhaustive search for the optimal combination is difficult. In this study, we searched for the optimal binary alloy catalyst for nitrogen activation reactions using a combination of Bayesian optimization and density functional theory calculations. The optimal alloy catalyst proposed by Bayesian optimization had a surface energy of ∼0.2 eV/Å2 and resulted in a low reaction heat for the dissociation of the N≡N bond. We demonstrated that the search for such binary alloy catalysts using Bayesian optimization is more efficient than random search.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuki Okazawa
- Institute
for Materials Chemistry and Engineering and IRCCS, Kyushu University, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka819-0395, Japan
| | - Yuta Tsuji
- Faculty
of Engineering Sciences, Kyushu University, Kasuga, Fukuoka816-8580, Japan
| | - Keita Kurino
- Institute
for Materials Chemistry and Engineering and IRCCS, Kyushu University, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka819-0395, Japan
| | - Masataka Yoshida
- Laboratory
for Chemistry and Life Science, Tokyo Institute
of Technology, Midori-ku, Yokohama226-8503, Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Amamoto
- Institute
for Materials Chemistry and Engineering and IRCCS, Kyushu University, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka819-0395, Japan
| | - Kazunari Yoshizawa
- Institute
for Materials Chemistry and Engineering and IRCCS, Kyushu University, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka819-0395, Japan
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70
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Liu Z, Yang Y, Song Q, Li L, Zanoni G, Liu S, Xiang M, Anderson EA, Bi X. Chemoselective carbene insertion into the N-H bonds of NH 3·H 2O. Nat Commun 2022; 13:7649. [PMID: 36496464 PMCID: PMC9741638 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-35394-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The conversion of inexpensive aqueous ammonia (NH3·H2O) into value-added primary amines by N-H insertion persists as a longstanding challenge in chemistry because of the tendency of Lewis basic ammonia (NH3) to bind and inhibit metal catalysts. Herein, we report a chemoselective carbene N-H insertion of NH3·H2O using a TpBr3Ag-catalyzed two-phase system. Coordination by a homoscorpionate TpBr3 ligand renders silver compatible with NH3 and H2O and enables the generation of electrophilic silver carbene. Water promotes subsequent [1,2]-proton shift to generate N-H insertion products with high chemoselectivity. The result of the reaction is the coupling of an inorganic nitrogen source with either diazo compounds or N-triftosylhydrazones to produce useful primary amines. Further investigations elucidate the reaction mechanism and the origin of chemoselectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaohong Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, 130024, Changchun, China
| | - Yong Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, 130024, Changchun, China
| | - Qingmin Song
- Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, 130024, Changchun, China
| | - Linxuan Li
- Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, 130024, Changchun, China
| | - Giuseppe Zanoni
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Shaopeng Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, 130024, Changchun, China
| | - Meng Xiang
- Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, 130024, Changchun, China
| | - Edward A Anderson
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Xihe Bi
- Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, 130024, Changchun, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Nankai University, 300071, Tianjin, China.
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71
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Steiner L, Achazi AJ, Vlaisavljevich B, Miro P, Paulus B, Kelterer AM. Samarium Diiodide Acting on Acetone-Modeling Single Electron Transfer Energetics in Solution. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27248673. [PMID: 36557814 PMCID: PMC9781745 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27248673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Samarium diiodide is a versatile single electron transfer (SET) agent with various applications in organic chemistry. Lewis structures regularly insinuate the existence of a ketyl radical when samarium diiodide binds a carbonyl group. The study presented here investigates this electron transfer by the means of computational chemistry. All electron CASPT2 calculations with the inclusion of scalar relativistic effects predict an endotherm electron transfer from samarium diiodide to acetone. Energies calculated with the PBE0-D3(BJ) functional and a small core pseudopotential are in good agreement with CASPT2. The calculations confirm the experimentally measured increase of the samarium diiodide reduction potential through the addition of hexamethylphosphoramide also known as HMPA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Steiner
- Institute of Physical und Theoretical Chemistry, NAWI Graz, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9, 8010 Graz, Austria
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 22, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas J. Achazi
- Physikalisch-Chemisches Institut, Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Bess Vlaisavljevich
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Dakota, 414 E. Clark St., Vermillion, SD 57069, USA
| | - Pere Miro
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Dakota, 414 E. Clark St., Vermillion, SD 57069, USA
| | - Beate Paulus
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 22, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Anne-Marie Kelterer
- Institute of Physical und Theoretical Chemistry, NAWI Graz, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9, 8010 Graz, Austria
- Correspondence:
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72
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Shima T, Zhuo Q, Hou Z. Dinitrogen activation and transformation by multimetallic polyhydride complexes. Coord Chem Rev 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2022.214766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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73
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Catalytic nitrogen fixation using visible light energy. Nat Commun 2022; 13:7263. [PMID: 36456553 PMCID: PMC9715552 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-34984-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The synthesis of ammonia from atmospheric dinitrogen, nitrogen fixation, is one of the essential reactions for human beings. Because the current industrial nitrogen fixation depends on dihydrogen produced from fossil fuels as raw material, the development of a nitrogen fixation reaction that relies on the energy provided by renewable energy, such as visible light, is an important research goal from the viewpoint of sustainable chemistry. Herein, we establish an iridium- and molybdenum-catalysed process for synthesizing ammonia from dinitrogen under ambient reaction conditions and visible light irradiation. In this reaction system, iridium complexes and molybdenum triiodide complexes bearing N-heterocyclic carbene-based pincer ligands act as cooperative catalysts to activate 9,10-dihydroacridine and dinitrogen, respectively. The reaction of dinitrogen with 9,10-dihydroacridine is not thermodynamically favoured, and it only takes place under visible light irradiation. Therefore, the described reaction system is one that affords visible light energy-driven ammonia formation from dinitrogen catalytically.
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74
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Tanabe Y, Nishibayashi Y. Recent advances in catalytic nitrogen fixation using transition metal–dinitrogen complexes under mild reaction conditions. Coord Chem Rev 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2022.214783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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75
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Boyd EA, Peters JC. Sm(II)-Mediated Proton-Coupled Electron Transfer: Quantifying Very Weak N-H and O-H Homolytic Bond Strengths and Factors Controlling Them. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:21337-21346. [PMID: 36346706 PMCID: PMC10281198 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c09580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Coordination of alcohols to the single-electron reductant samarium diiodide (SmI2) results in substantial O-H bond weakening, affording potent proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET) reagents. However, poorly defined speciation of SmI2 in tetrahydrofuran (THF)/alcohol mixtures limits reliable thermodynamic analyses of such systems. Rigorous determination of bond dissociation free energy (BDFE) values in such Sm systems, important to evaluating their reactivity profiles, motivates studies of model Sm systems where contributing factors can be teased apart. Here, a bulky and strongly chelating macrocyclic ligand ((tBu2ArOH)2Me2cyclam) maintains solubility, eliminates dimerization pathways, and facilitates clean electrochemical behavior in a well-defined functional model for the PCET reactivity of SmII with coordinating proton sources. Direct measurement of thermodynamic parameters enables reliable experimental estimation of the BDFEs in 2-pyrrolidone and MeOH complexes of ((tBu2ArO)2Me2cyclam)SmII, thereby revealing exceptionally weak N-H and O-H BDFEs of 27.2 and <24.1 kcal mol-1, respectively. Expanded thermochemical cycles reveal that this bond weakening stems from the very strongly reducing SmII center and the formation of strong SmIII-alkoxide (and -pyrrolidonate) interactions in the PCET products. We provide a detailed analysis comparing these BDFE values with those that have been put forward for SmI2 in THF in the presence of related proton donors. We suggest that BDFE values for the latter systems may in fact be appreciably higher than the system described herein. Finally, protonation and electrochemical reduction steps necessary for the regeneration of the PCET donors from SmIII-alkoxides are demonstrated, pointing to future strategies aimed at achieving (electro)catalytic turnover using SmII-based PCET reagents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily A Boyd
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology (Caltech), Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Jonas C Peters
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology (Caltech), Pasadena, California 91125, United States
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76
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Bora D, Gayen FR, Saha B. Ammonia from dinitrogen at ambient conditions by organometallic catalysts. RSC Adv 2022; 12:33567-33583. [PMID: 36505716 PMCID: PMC9682445 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra06156b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Fixation of atmospheric dinitrogen in plants by [Mo-Fe] cofactor of nitrogenase enzyme takes place efficiently under atmospheric pressure and normal temperature. In search for an alternative methodology for the highly energy intensive Haber-Bosch process, design and synthesis of highly efficient inorganic and organometallic complexes by mimicking the structure and function of [Mo-Fe] cofactor system is highly desirable for ammonia synthesis from dinitrogen. An ideal catalyst for ammonia synthesis should effectively catalyse the reduction of dinitrogen in the presence of a proton source under mild to moderate conditions, and thereby, significantly reducing the cost of ammonia production and increasing the energy efficacy of the process. In the light of current research, it is evident that there is a plenty of scope for the development and enhanced performance of the inorganic and organometallic catalysts for ammonia synthesis under ambient temperature and pressure. The review furnishes a comprehensive outlook of numerous organometallic catalysts used in the synthesis of ammonia from dinitrogen in the past few decades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debashree Bora
- Advanced Materials Group, Materials Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and TechnologyJorhatAssam-785006India,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR)Ghaziabad-201002India
| | - Firdaus Rahaman Gayen
- Advanced Materials Group, Materials Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and TechnologyJorhatAssam-785006India,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR)Ghaziabad-201002India
| | - Biswajit Saha
- Advanced Materials Group, Materials Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and TechnologyJorhatAssam-785006India,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR)Ghaziabad-201002India
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77
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Jia H, Zhao M, Du A, Dou Y, Zhang CY. Symmetry-breaking synthesis of Janus Au/CeO 2 nanostructures for visible-light nitrogen photofixation. Chem Sci 2022; 13:13060-13067. [PMID: 36425489 PMCID: PMC9667935 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc03863c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/23/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Precise manipulation of the reactive site spatial distribution in plasmonic metal/semiconductor photocatalysts is crucial to their photocatalytic performance, but the construction of Janus nanostructures through symmetry-breaking synthesis remains a significant challenge. Here we demonstrate a synthetic strategy for the selective growth of a CeO2 semi-shell on Au nanospheres (NSs) to fabricate Janus Au NS/CeO2 nanostructures with the assistance of a SiO2 hard template and autoredox reaction between Ag+ ions and a ceria precursor. The obtained Janus nanostructures possess a spatially separated architecture and exhibit excellent photocatalytic performance toward N2 photofixation under visible-light illumination. In this scenario, N2 molecules are reduced by hot electrons on the CeO2 semi-shell, while hole scavengers are consumed by hot holes on the exposed Au NS surface, greatly promoting the charge carrier separation. Moreover, the exposed Au NS surface in the Janus structures offers an additional opportunity for the fabrication of ternary Janus noble metal/Au NS/CeO2 nanostructures. This work highlights the genuine superiority of the spatially separated nanoarchitectures in the photocatalytic reaction, offering instructive guidance for the design and construction of novel plasmonic photocatalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henglei Jia
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Shandong Normal University Jinan 250014 China
| | - Mengxuan Zhao
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Shandong Normal University Jinan 250014 China
| | - Aoxuan Du
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Shandong Normal University Jinan 250014 China
| | - Yanrong Dou
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Shandong Normal University Jinan 250014 China
| | - Chun-Yang Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Shandong Normal University Jinan 250014 China
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78
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Bedbur K, Stucke N, Liehrs L, Krahmer J, Tuczek F. Catalytic Ammonia Synthesis Mediated by Molybdenum Complexes with PN 3P Pincer Ligands: Influence of P/N Substituents and Molecular Mechanism. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27227843. [PMID: 36431964 PMCID: PMC9692791 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27227843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Three molybdenum trihalogenido complexes supported by different PN3P pincer ligands were synthesized and investigated regarding their activity towards catalytic N2-to-NH3 conversion. The highest yields were obtained with the H-PN3PtBu ligand. The corresponding Mo(V)-nitrido complex also shows good catalytic activity. Experiments regarding the formation of the analogous Mo(IV)-nitrido complex lead to the conclusion that the mechanism of catalytic ammonia formation mediated by the title systems does not involve N-N cleavage of a dinuclear Mo-dinitrogen complex, but follows the classic Chatt cycle.
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79
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Kim S, Kim J, Zhong H, Panetti GB, Chirik PJ. Catalytic N–H Bond Formation Promoted by a Ruthenium Hydride Complex Bearing a Redox-Active Pyrimidine-Imine Ligand. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:20661-20671. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c07800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sangmin Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Junho Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Hongyu Zhong
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Grace B. Panetti
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Paul J. Chirik
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
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80
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Itabashi T, Arashiba K, Egi A, Tanaka H, Sugiyama K, Suginome S, Kuriyama S, Yoshizawa K, Nishibayashi Y. Direct synthesis of cyanate anion from dinitrogen catalysed by molybdenum complexes bearing pincer-type ligand. Nat Commun 2022; 13:6161. [PMID: 36280675 PMCID: PMC9592615 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-33809-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Dinitrogen is an abundant and promising material for valuable organonitrogen compounds containing carbon-nitrogen bonds. Direct synthetic methods for preparing organonitrogen compounds from dinitrogen as a starting reagent under mild reaction conditions give insight into the sustainable production of valuable organonitrogen compounds with reduced fossil fuel consumption. Here we report the catalytic reaction for the formation of cyanate anion (NCO-) from dinitrogen under ambient reaction conditions. A molybdenum-carbamate complex bearing a pyridine-based 2,6-bis(di-tert-butylphosphinomethyl)pyridine (PNP)-pincer ligand is synthesized from the reaction of a molybdenum-nitride complex with phenyl chloroformate. The conversion between the molybdenum-carbamate complex and the molybdenum-nitride complex under ambient reaction conditions is achieved. The use of samarium diiodide (SmI2) as a reductant promotes the formation of NCO- from the molybdenum-carbamate complex as a key step. As a result, we demonstrate a synthetic cycle for NCO- from dinitrogen mediated by the molybdenum-PNP complexes in two steps. Based on this synthetic cycle, we achieve the catalytic synthesis of NCO- from dinitrogen under ambient reaction conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki Itabashi
- grid.26999.3d0000 0001 2151 536XDepartment of Applied Chemistry, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656 Japan
| | - Kazuya Arashiba
- grid.26999.3d0000 0001 2151 536XDepartment of Applied Chemistry, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656 Japan
| | - Akihito Egi
- grid.177174.30000 0001 2242 4849Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395 Japan
| | - Hiromasa Tanaka
- grid.440870.f0000 0001 0726 1340School of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Daido University, Minami-ku, Nagoya, 457-8530 Japan
| | - Keita Sugiyama
- grid.26999.3d0000 0001 2151 536XDepartment of Applied Chemistry, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656 Japan
| | - Shun Suginome
- grid.26999.3d0000 0001 2151 536XDepartment of Applied Chemistry, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656 Japan
| | - Shogo Kuriyama
- grid.26999.3d0000 0001 2151 536XDepartment of Applied Chemistry, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656 Japan
| | - Kazunari Yoshizawa
- grid.177174.30000 0001 2242 4849Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395 Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Nishibayashi
- grid.26999.3d0000 0001 2151 536XDepartment of Applied Chemistry, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656 Japan
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81
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Regenauer NI, Wadepohl H, Roşca D. Terminal N 2 Dissociation in [(PNN)Fe(N 2 )] 2 (μ-N 2 ) Leads to Local Spin-State Changes and Augmented Bridging N 2 Activation. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202202172. [PMID: 35916757 PMCID: PMC9804668 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202202172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen fixation at iron centres is a fundamental catalytic step for N2 utilisation, relevant to biological (nitrogenase) and industrial (Haber-Bosch) processes. This step is coupled with important electronic structure changes which are currently poorly understood. We show here for the first time that terminal dinitrogen dissociation from iron complexes that coordinate N2 in a terminal and bridging fashion leaves the Fe-N2 -Fe unit intact but significantly enhances the degree of N2 activation (Δν≈180 cm-1 , Raman spectroscopy) through charge redistribution. The transformation proceeds with local spin state change at the iron centre (S= 1 / 2 ${{ 1/2 }}$ →S=3 /2 ). Further dissociation of the bridging N2 can be induced under thermolytic conditions, triggering a disproportionation reaction, from which the tetrahedral (PNN)2 Fe could be isolated. This work shows that dinitrogen activation can be induced in the absence of external chemical stimuli such as reducing agents or Lewis acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas I. Regenauer
- Anorganisch-Chemisches InstitutUniversität HeidelbergIm Neuenheimer Feld 276Germany
| | - Hubert Wadepohl
- Anorganisch-Chemisches InstitutUniversität HeidelbergIm Neuenheimer Feld 276Germany
| | - Dragoş‐Adrian Roşca
- Anorganisch-Chemisches InstitutUniversität HeidelbergIm Neuenheimer Feld 276Germany
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82
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Merakeb L, Bennaamane S, De Freitas J, Clot E, Mézailles N, Robert M. Molecular Electrochemical Reductive Splitting of Dinitrogen with a Molybdenum Complex. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202209899. [PMID: 35941077 PMCID: PMC9804441 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202209899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen reduction under mild conditions (room T and atmospheric P), using a non-fossil source of hydrogen remains a challenge. Molecular metal complexes, notably Mo based, have recently been shown to be active for such nitrogen fixation. We report electrochemical N2 splitting with a MoIII triphosphino complex [(PPP)MoI3 ], at room temperature and a moderately negative potential. A MoIV nitride species was generated, which is confirmed by electrochemistry and NMR studies. The reaction goes through two successive one electron reductions of the starting Mo species, coordination of a N2 molecule, and further splitting to a MoIV nitride complex. Preliminary DFT studies support the formation of a bridging MoI N2 MoI dinitrogen dimer evolving to the Mo nitride via a low energy transition state. This example joins a short list of molecular complexes for N2 electrochemical reductive cleavage. It opens a door to electrochemical proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET) conversion studies of N2 to NH3 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Lydia Merakeb
- Laboratoire d'Electrochimie Moléculaire—UMR 7591Université Paris Cité15, rue Jean Antoine de Baïf75013ParisFrance
| | - Soukaina Bennaamane
- Laboratoire Hétérochimie Fondamentale et Appliquée—UMR 5069Université Toulouse III—Paul Sabatier118, route de Narbonne, Bât 2R131062ToulouseFrance
| | - Jérémy De Freitas
- Laboratoire d'Electrochimie Moléculaire—UMR 7591Université Paris Cité15, rue Jean Antoine de Baïf75013ParisFrance
| | - Eric Clot
- ICGMUniv MontpellierCNRSENSCM34000MontpellierFrance
| | - Nicolas Mézailles
- Laboratoire Hétérochimie Fondamentale et Appliquée—UMR 5069Université Toulouse III—Paul Sabatier118, route de Narbonne, Bât 2R131062ToulouseFrance
| | - Marc Robert
- Laboratoire d'Electrochimie Moléculaire—UMR 7591Université Paris Cité15, rue Jean Antoine de Baïf75013ParisFrance,Institut Universitaire de France (IUF)75005ParisFrance
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83
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Kumar NT, Vaddypally S, Das SK. A Rearrangement Reaction to Yield a NH 4 + Ion Driven by Polyoxometalate Formation. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:31474-31481. [PMID: 36092612 PMCID: PMC9454273 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c04015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Triethylamine is a volatile liquid and exists in the atmosphere in the gas phase. It is a hazardous air pollutant and identified as a toxic air contaminant. Thus, producing ammonia (a vital chemical for fertilizer production) from the vapor state of this toxic substance is a challenging task. Diffusion of the vapor of triethylamine, (C2H5)3N, into an acidified aqueous solution of sodium molybdate results in the formation of single crystals of compound [(C2H5)3NH]2[(C2H5)4N][NaMo8O26] (1). Notably, compound 1 includes a [(C2H5)4N]+ cation, even though the concerned reaction mixture was not treated with any tetraethylammonium salt. The formation of the [(C2H5)4N]+ cation from (C2H5)3N in an acidic aqueous medium is logically possible only when an ammonium cation (NH4 +) is formed in the overall reaction: 4(C2H5)3N + 4H+ = 3[(C2H5)4N]+ + [NH4]+. Although the resulting NH4 + cation (identified by Nessler's reagent test) is not included in the crystals of compound 1 as a cation, it can be made associated with a crown ether in the isolation of single crystals of compound [NH4⊂B15C5]3[PMo12O40]·B15C5 (2), (B15C5 = benzo-15-crown-5). Crystal structure analysis and 1H NMR studies of compound 2 have established the presence of an H-bonded NH4 + ion in compound 2, thereby established the rearrangement reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- N. Tanmaya Kumar
- School
of Chemistry, University of Hyderabad, P.O. Central University, Hyderabad, Telangana 500046, India
| | - Shivaiah Vaddypally
- Department
of Chemistry, Temple University, 1901 North 13th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
| | - Samar K. Das
- School
of Chemistry, University of Hyderabad, P.O. Central University, Hyderabad, Telangana 500046, India
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84
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Yang X, Reijerse EJ, Bhattacharyya K, Leutzsch M, Kochius M, Nöthling N, Busch J, Schnegg A, Auer AA, Cornella J. Radical Activation of N-H and O-H Bonds at Bismuth(II). J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:16535-16544. [PMID: 36053726 PMCID: PMC9479083 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c05882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The development of unconventional strategies for the activation of ammonia (NH3) and water (H2O) is of capital importance for the advancement of sustainable chemical strategies. Herein we provide the synthesis and characterization of a radical equilibrium complex based on bismuth featuring an extremely weak Bi-O bond, which permits the in situ generation of reactive Bi(II) species. The ensuing organobismuth(II) engages with various amines and alcohols and exerts an unprecedented effect onto the X-H bond, leading to low BDFEX-H. As a result, radical activation of various N-H and O-H bonds─including ammonia and water─occurs in seconds at room temperature, delivering well-defined Bi(III)-amido and -alkoxy complexes. Moreover, we demonstrate that the resulting Bi(III)-N complexes engage in a unique reactivity pattern with the triad of H+, H-, and H• sources, thus providing alternative pathways for main group chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuxiu Yang
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Edward J Reijerse
- Max-Planck-Institut für Chemische Energiekonversion, Stiftstrasse 34-36, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | | | - Markus Leutzsch
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Markus Kochius
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Nils Nöthling
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Julia Busch
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Alexander Schnegg
- Max-Planck-Institut für Chemische Energiekonversion, Stiftstrasse 34-36, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Alexander A Auer
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Josep Cornella
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
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85
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Garrido-Barros P, Derosa J, Chalkley MJ, Peters JC. Tandem electrocatalytic N 2 fixation via proton-coupled electron transfer. Nature 2022; 609:71-76. [PMID: 36045240 PMCID: PMC10281199 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-05011-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
New electrochemical ammonia (NH3) synthesis technologies are of interest as a complementary route to the Haber-Bosch process for distributed fertilizer generation, and towards exploiting ammonia as a zero-carbon fuel produced via renewably sourced electricity1. Apropos of these goals is a surge of fundamental research targeting heterogeneous materials as electrocatalysts for the nitrogen reduction reaction (N2RR)2. These systems generally suffer from poor stability and NH3 selectivity; the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) outcompetes N2RR3. Molecular catalyst systems can be exquisitely tuned and offer an alternative strategy4, but progress has been thwarted by the same selectivity issue; HER dominates. Here we describe a tandem catalysis strategy that offers a solution to this puzzle. A molecular complex that can mediate an N2 reduction cycle is partnered with a co-catalyst that interfaces the electrode and an acid to mediate proton-coupled electron transfer steps, facilitating N-H bond formation at a favourable applied potential (-1.2 V versus Fc+/0) and overall thermodynamic efficiency. Certain intermediates of the N2RR cycle would be otherwise unreactive via uncoupled electron transfer or proton transfer steps. Structurally diverse complexes of several metals (W, Mo, Os, Fe) also mediate N2RR electrocatalysis at the same potential in the presence of the mediator, pointing to the generality of this tandem approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Garrido-Barros
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Joseph Derosa
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Matthew J Chalkley
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jonas C Peters
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA.
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86
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Fritz M, Rupp S, Kiene CI, Kisan S, Telser J, Würtele C, Krewald V, Schneider S. Photoelectrochemical Conversion of Dinitrogen to Benzonitrile: Selectivity Control by Electrophile‐ versus Proton‐Coupled Electron Transfer. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202205922. [PMID: 35714100 PMCID: PMC9542086 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202205922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Nitride complexes are key species in homogeneous nitrogen fixation to NH3 via stepwise proton‐coupled electron transfer (PCET). In contrast, direct generation of nitrogenous organic products from N2‐derived nitrides requires new strategies to enable efficient reductive nitride transfer in the presence of organic electrophiles. We here present a 2‐step protocol for the conversion of dinitrogen to benzonitrile. Photoelectrochemical, reductive N2 splitting produces a rhenium(V) nitride with unfavorable PCET thermochemistry towards ammonia generation. However, N‐benzoylation stabilizes subsequent reduction as a basis for selective nitrogen transfer in the presence of the organic electrophile and Brønsted acid at mild reduction potentials. This work offers a new strategy for photoelectrosynthetic nitrogen fixation beyond ammonia—to yield nitrogenous organic products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Fritz
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Georg August Universität Göttingen Tammannstraße 4 37077 Göttingen Germany
| | - Severine Rupp
- Theoretische Chemie Technische Universität Darmstadt Alarich-Weiss-Straße 4 64287 Darmstadt Germany
| | - Ciara I. Kiene
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Georg August Universität Göttingen Tammannstraße 4 37077 Göttingen Germany
| | - Sesha Kisan
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Georg August Universität Göttingen Tammannstraße 4 37077 Göttingen Germany
| | - Joshua Telser
- Department of Biological Physical and Health Sciences Roosevelt University 430 S. Michigan Avenue Chicago IL 60605 USA
| | - Christian Würtele
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Georg August Universität Göttingen Tammannstraße 4 37077 Göttingen Germany
| | - Vera Krewald
- Theoretische Chemie Technische Universität Darmstadt Alarich-Weiss-Straße 4 64287 Darmstadt Germany
| | - Sven Schneider
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Georg August Universität Göttingen Tammannstraße 4 37077 Göttingen Germany
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87
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Del Horno E, Jover J, Mena M, Pérez-Redondo A, Yélamos C. Dinitrogen Binding at a Trititanium Chloride Complex and Its Conversion to Ammonia under Ambient Conditions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202204544. [PMID: 35748604 PMCID: PMC9542190 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202204544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Reaction of [TiCp*Cl3] (Cp*=η5‐C5Me5) with one equivalent of magnesium in tetrahydrofuran at room temperature affords the paramagnetic trinuclear complex [{TiCp*(μ‐Cl)}3(μ3‐Cl)], which reacts with dinitrogen under ambient conditions to give the diamagnetic derivative [{TiCp*(μ‐Cl)}3(μ3‐η1 : η2 : η2‐N2)] and the titanium(III) dimer [{TiCp*Cl(μ‐Cl)}2]. The structure of the trinuclear mixed‐valence complexes has been studied by experimental and theoretical methods and the latter compound represents the first well‐defined example of the μ3‐η1 : η2 : η2 coordination mode of the dinitrogen molecule. The reaction of [{TiCp*(μ‐Cl)}3(μ3‐η1 : η2 : η2‐N2)] with excess HCl in tetrahydrofuran results in clean NH4Cl formation with regeneration of the starting material [TiCp*Cl3]. Therefore, a cyclic ammonia synthesis under ambient conditions can be envisioned by alternating N2/HCl atmospheres in a [TiCp*Cl3]/Mg(excess) reaction mixture in tetrahydrofuran.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estefanía Del Horno
- Departamento de Química Orgánica y Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Investigación Química "Andrés M. del Río" (IQAR), Universidad de Alcalá, 28805, Alcalá de Henares-Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús Jover
- Secció de Química Inorgànica, Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica, Institut de Química Teòrica i Computacional (IQTC-UB), Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1-11, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miguel Mena
- Departamento de Química Orgánica y Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Investigación Química "Andrés M. del Río" (IQAR), Universidad de Alcalá, 28805, Alcalá de Henares-Madrid, Spain
| | - Adrián Pérez-Redondo
- Departamento de Química Orgánica y Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Investigación Química "Andrés M. del Río" (IQAR), Universidad de Alcalá, 28805, Alcalá de Henares-Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos Yélamos
- Departamento de Química Orgánica y Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Investigación Química "Andrés M. del Río" (IQAR), Universidad de Alcalá, 28805, Alcalá de Henares-Madrid, Spain
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88
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Merakeb L, Bennaamane S, De Freitas J, Clot E, Mézailles N, Robert M. Molecular Electrochemical Reductive Splitting of Dinitrogen with a Molybdenum Complex. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202209899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Eric Clot
- Université Montpellier 1: Universite de Montpellier Chemistry FRANCE
| | | | - Marc Robert
- Universite Paris Cité - Laboraoire Electrochimie Moleculaire - UMR CNRS 7591 Chemistry Department 15 rue Jean de Baif 75013 Paris FRANCE
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89
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Meng F, Kuriyama S, Egi A, Tanaka H, Yoshizawa K, Nishibayashi Y. Preparation and Reactivity of Rhenium–Nitride Complexes Bearing PNP-Type Pincer Ligands toward Nitrogen Fixation. Organometallics 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.2c00312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fanqiang Meng
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Shogo Kuriyama
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Akihito Egi
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Hiromasa Tanaka
- School of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Daido University, Nagoya 457-8530, Japan
| | - Kazunari Yoshizawa
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Nishibayashi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
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90
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Yao D, Tang C, Wang P, Cheng H, Jin H, Ding LX, Qiao SZ. Electrocatalytic green ammonia production beyond ambient aqueous nitrogen reduction. Chem Eng Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2022.117735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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91
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Abstract
Coordination-induced bond weakening is a phenomenon wherein ligand X-H bond homolysis occurs in concert with the energetically favorable oxidation of a coordinating metal complex. The coupling of these two processes enables thermodynamically favorable proton-coupled electron transfer reductions to form weak bonds upon formal hydrogen atom transfer to substrates. Moreover, systems utilizing coordination-induced bond weakening have been shown to facilitate the dehydrogenation of feedstock molecules including water, ammonia, and primary alcohols under mild conditions. The formation of exceptionally weak substrate X-H bonds via small molecule homolysis is a powerful strategy in synthesis and has been shown to enable nitrogen fixation under mild conditions. Coordination-induced bond weakening has also been identified as an integral process in biophotosynthesis and has promising applications in renewable chemical fuel storage systems. This review presents a discussion of the advances made in the study of coordination-induced bond weakening to date. Because of the broad range of metal and ligand species implicated in coordination-induced bond weakening, each literature report is discussed individually and ordered by the identity of the low-valent metal. We then offer mechanistic insights into the basis of coordination-induced bond weakening and conclude with a discussion of opportunities for further research into the development and applications of coordination-induced bond weakening systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas G Boekell
- Department of Chemistry, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, United States
| | - Robert A Flowers
- Department of Chemistry, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, United States
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92
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Zhai DD, Zhang SQ, Xie SJ, Wu RK, Liu F, Xi ZF, Hong X, Shi ZJ. ( n-Bu) 4NBr-Promoted N 2 Splitting to Molybdenum Nitride. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:14071-14078. [PMID: 35882019 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c01507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Splitting of N2 via six-electron reduction and further functionalization to value-added products is one of the most important and challenging chemical transformations in N2 fixation. However, most N2 splitting approaches rely on strong chemical or electrochemical reduction to generate highly reactive metal species to bind and activate N2, which is often incompatible with functionalizing agents. Catalytic and sustainable N2 splitting to produce metal nitrides under mild conditions may create efficient and straightforward methods for N-containing organic compounds. Herein, we present that a readily available and nonredox (n-Bu)4NBr can promote N2-splitting with a Mo(III) platform. Both experimental and theoretical mechanistic studies suggest that simple X- (X = Br, Cl, etc.) anions could induce the disproportionation of MoIII[N(TMS)Ar]3 at the early stage of the catalysis to generate a catalytically active {MoII[N(TMS)Ar]3}- species. The quintet MoII species prove to be more favorable for N2 fixation kinetically and thermodynamically, compared with the quartet MoIII counterpart. Especially, computational studies reveal a distinct heterovalent {MoII-N2-MoIII} dimeric intermediate for the N≡N triple bond cleavage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan-Dan Zhai
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Shuo-Qing Zhang
- Center of Chemistry for Frontier Technologies, Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Si-Jun Xie
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Rong-Kai Wu
- Center of Chemistry for Frontier Technologies, Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Feng Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Zhen-Feng Xi
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xin Hong
- Center of Chemistry for Frontier Technologies, Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.,Key Laboratory of Precise Synthesis of Functional Molecules of Zhejiang Province, School of Science, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310024, China.,Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Zhongguancun North First Street No. 2, Beijing 100190, PR China
| | - Zhang-Jie Shi
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
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93
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Su L, Yang D, Jiang Y, Li Y, Di K, Wang B, Ye S, Qu J. A Bioinspired Iron‐Molybdenum μ‐Nitrido Complex and Its Reactivity toward Ammonia Formation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202203121. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202203121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Linan Su
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals Dalian University of Technology 2 Linggong Road Dalian 116024 China
| | - Dawei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals Dalian University of Technology 2 Linggong Road Dalian 116024 China
| | - Yang Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences 457 Zhongshan Road Dalian 116024 China
| | - Yahui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals Dalian University of Technology 2 Linggong Road Dalian 116024 China
| | - Kai Di
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals Dalian University of Technology 2 Linggong Road Dalian 116024 China
| | - Baomin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals Dalian University of Technology 2 Linggong Road Dalian 116024 China
| | - Shengfa Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences 457 Zhongshan Road Dalian 116024 China
| | - Jingping Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals Dalian University of Technology 2 Linggong Road Dalian 116024 China
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Centre for Biomanufacturing Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry East China University of Science and Technology 130 Meilong Road Shanghai 200237 China
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94
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Yelamos C, del Horno E, Jover J, Mena M, Perez-Redondo A. Dinitrogen Binding at a Trititanium Chloride Complex and Its Conversion to Ammonia under Ambient Conditions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202204544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Yelamos
- Universidad de Alcala Quimica Organica y Quimica Inorganica Campus Universitario, Edificio Farmacia 28805 Alcala de Henares SPAIN
| | - Estefania del Horno
- Universidad de Alcala Departamento de Quimica Organica y Quimica Inorganica Edificio de Farmacia, Campus Universitario 28805 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid SPAIN
| | - Jesus Jover
- Universitat de Barcelona Facultat de Quimica Deapartment de Quimica Inorganica i Organica Marti i Franques 1-11 08028 Barcelona SPAIN
| | - Miguel Mena
- Universidad de Alcala Departamento de Quimica Organica y Quimica Inorganica Edificio de Farmacia, Campus Universitario 28805 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid SPAIN
| | - Adrian Perez-Redondo
- Universidad de Alcala Departamento de Quimica Organica y Quimica Inorganica Edificio de Farmacia, Campus Universitario 28805 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid SPAIN
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95
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Hu X, Xiong L, Fang WH, Su NQ. Computational Insight into Metallated Graphynes as Single Atom Electrocatalysts for Nitrogen Fixation. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:27861-27872. [PMID: 35678821 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c05087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The electrochemical nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR) is expected to achieve sustainable ammonia synthesis via direct nitrogen fixation; however, the high-quality catalysts that play a crucial role in the NRR are still lacking. The emerging transition metal-1,3,5-triethynylbenzene (TM-TEB) frameworks offer attractive possibilities in the electrochemical catalysis due to the featured atomic and electronic structures. This work presents a comprehensive first-principles study of the TM-TEB systems for TMs from the first three d-block series and systematically explores their potential applications as NRR electrocatalysts. By designing a hierarchical screening strategy, the TM-TEB systems are evaluated based on the NRR catalytic activity as well as the competition from the hydrogen evolution reaction. In addition, in order to have a deeper understanding of the catalytic activities of the TM-TEB systems, diverse possible NRR paths on the TM-TEB surfaces are completely analyzed as well. Our analysis reveals that the TM-TEB systems with TM = V, Mo, Tc, W, and Os are electrocatalysts with a high NRR catalytic activity, while among them, only Mo- and V-TEB show promising NRR selectively. This work demonstrates the great potential of the TM-TEB systems as electrocatalysts in the NRR process, which improves the understanding of the TM-TEB systems and can motivate further exploration of their application in catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuli Hu
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education) and Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Lixin Xiong
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education) and Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Wei-Hai Fang
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education) and Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Neil Qiang Su
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education) and Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
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96
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Kim HE, Kim J, Ra EC, Zhang H, Jang YJ, Lee JS. Photoelectrochemical Nitrate Reduction to Ammonia on Ordered Silicon Nanowire Array Photocathodes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202204117. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202204117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hyo Eun Kim
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) 50 UNIST-gil Ulsan 44919 Republic of Korea
| | - Jeehye Kim
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) 50 UNIST-gil Ulsan 44919 Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Cheol Ra
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) 50 UNIST-gil Ulsan 44919 Republic of Korea
| | - Hemin Zhang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering Sichuan University Chengdu 610065 China
| | - Youn Jeong Jang
- Department of Chemical Engineering Hanyang University Seongdong-gu Seoul 04763 Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Sung Lee
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) 50 UNIST-gil Ulsan 44919 Republic of Korea
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97
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Fritz M, Rupp S, Kiene CI, Kisan S, Telser J, Würtele C, Krewald V, Schneider S. Photoelectrochemical Conversion of Dinitrogen to Benzonitrile: Selectivity Control by Electrophile‐ versus Proton‐Coupled Electron Transfer. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202205922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Fritz
- University of Göttingen: Georg-August-Universitat Gottingen Institut für Anorganische Chemie GERMANY
| | - Severine Rupp
- TU Darmstadt: Technische Universitat Darmstadt Theoretische Chemie GERMANY
| | - Ciara Isabel Kiene
- University of Göttingen: Georg-August-Universitat Gottingen Institut für Anorganische Chemie GERMANY
| | - Sesha Kisan
- University of Göttingen: Georg-August-Universitat Gottingen Institut für Anorganische Chemie GERMANY
| | - Joshua Telser
- Roosevelt University Department of Biological, Physical and Health Sciences UNITED STATES
| | - Christian Würtele
- University of Göttingen: Georg-August-Universitat Gottingen Institut für Anorganische Chemie GERMANY
| | - Vera Krewald
- Darmstadt University of Technology: Technische Universitat Darmstadt Theoretische Chemie GERMANY
| | - Sven Schneider
- University of Goettingen Institute for inorganic Chemistry Tammannstr. 4 37077 Göttingen GERMANY
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98
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Direct Amination of Benzene with Molecular Nitrogen Enabled by Plasma‐Liquid Interactions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202203680. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202203680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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99
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Su L, Yang D, Jiang Y, Li Y, Di K, Wang B, Ye S, Qu J. A Bioinspired Iron‐Molybdenum μ‐Nitrido Complex and Its Reactivity toward Ammonia Formation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202203121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Linan Su
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals Dalian University of Technology 2 Linggong Road Dalian 116024 China
| | - Dawei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals Dalian University of Technology 2 Linggong Road Dalian 116024 China
| | - Yang Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences 457 Zhongshan Road Dalian 116024 China
| | - Yahui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals Dalian University of Technology 2 Linggong Road Dalian 116024 China
| | - Kai Di
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals Dalian University of Technology 2 Linggong Road Dalian 116024 China
| | - Baomin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals Dalian University of Technology 2 Linggong Road Dalian 116024 China
| | - Shengfa Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences 457 Zhongshan Road Dalian 116024 China
| | - Jingping Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals Dalian University of Technology 2 Linggong Road Dalian 116024 China
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Centre for Biomanufacturing Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry East China University of Science and Technology 130 Meilong Road Shanghai 200237 China
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100
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DFT studies of protonation and anion binding of Chatt type dinitrogen complex: Who is first? Inorganica Chim Acta 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2022.120899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
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