51
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Zheng K, Hu F, Zhou Y, Zhang J, Zheng J, Lai C, Xiong W, Cui K, Hu YZ, Han ZT, Zhang HH, Chen JG, Man HY, Liu D, Lu Y, Zhu LQ. miR-135a-5p mediates memory and synaptic impairments via the Rock2/Adducin1 signaling pathway in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Nat Commun 2021; 12:1903. [PMID: 33771994 PMCID: PMC7998005 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-22196-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aberrant regulation of microRNAs (miRNAs) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD), but most abnormally expressed miRNAs found in AD are not regulated by synaptic activity. Here we report that dysfunction of miR-135a-5p/Rock2/Add1 results in memory/synaptic disorder in a mouse model of AD. miR-135a-5p levels are significantly reduced in excitatory hippocampal neurons of AD model mice. This decrease is tau dependent and mediated by Foxd3. Inhibition of miR-135a-5p leads to synaptic disorder and memory impairments. Furthermore, excess Rock2 levels caused by loss of miR-135a-5p plays an important role in the synaptic disorder of AD via phosphorylation of Ser726 on adducin 1 (Add1). Blocking the phosphorylation of Ser726 on Add1 with a membrane-permeable peptide effectively rescues the memory impairments in AD mice. Taken together, these findings demonstrate that synaptic-related miR-135a-5p mediates synaptic/memory deficits in AD via the Rock2/Add1 signaling pathway, illuminating a potential therapeutic strategy for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Zheng
- Department of Geriatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Fan Hu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Lab of Neurological Disorder of Education Ministry, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Yang Zhou
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Lab of Neurological Disorder of Education Ministry, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Juan Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Lab of Neurological Disorder of Education Ministry, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Jie Zheng
- Department of Geriatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chuan Lai
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Lab of Neurological Disorder of Education Ministry, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Wan Xiong
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Lab of Neurological Disorder of Education Ministry, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Ke Cui
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Lab of Neurological Disorder of Education Ministry, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Ya-Zhuo Hu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Aging and Geriatrics, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disease, Institute of Geriatrics, Chinese PLA General Hospital and Chinese PLA Medical Academy, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Zhi-Tao Han
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Aging and Geriatrics, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disease, Institute of Geriatrics, Chinese PLA General Hospital and Chinese PLA Medical Academy, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Hong-Hong Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Aging and Geriatrics, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disease, Institute of Geriatrics, Chinese PLA General Hospital and Chinese PLA Medical Academy, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Jian-Guo Chen
- The Institute of Brain Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Heng-Ye Man
- Department of Biology, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Dan Liu
- The Institute of Brain Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Youming Lu
- The Institute of Brain Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P. R. China.
| | - Ling-Qiang Zhu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Lab of Neurological Disorder of Education Ministry, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P. R. China.
- The Institute of Brain Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P. R. China.
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52
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Schulte C, Maric HM. Expanding GABA AR pharmacology via receptor-associated proteins. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2021; 57:98-106. [PMID: 33684670 DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2021.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Drugs directly targeting γ-aminobutyric acid type A receptors (GABAARs), the major mediators of fast synaptic inhibition, contribute significantly to today's neuropharmacology. Emerging evidence establishes intracellularly GABAAR-associated proteins as the central players in determining cellular and subcellular GABAergic input sites, thereby providing pharmacological opportunities to affect distinct receptor populations and address discrete neuronal dysfunctions. Here, we report on recently studied GABAAR-associated proteins and highlight challenges and newly available methods for their functional and physical mapping. We anticipate these efforts to contribute to decipher the complexity of GABAergic signalling in the brain and eventually enable therapeutic avenues for, so far, untreatable neuronal disorders and diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clemens Schulte
- Department of Biotechnology and Biophysics and Rudolf Virchow Center for Integrative and Translational Bioimaging, University of Würzburg, Josef-Schneider-Str. 2, D15, 97080, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Hans Michael Maric
- Department of Biotechnology and Biophysics and Rudolf Virchow Center for Integrative and Translational Bioimaging, University of Würzburg, Josef-Schneider-Str. 2, D15, 97080, Würzburg, Germany.
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53
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Sohn H, Meirhaeghe N, Rajalingham R, Jazayeri M. A Network Perspective on Sensorimotor Learning. Trends Neurosci 2021; 44:170-181. [PMID: 33349476 PMCID: PMC9744184 DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2020.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
What happens in the brain when we learn? Ever since the foundational work of Cajal, the field has made numerous discoveries as to how experience could change the structure and function of individual synapses. However, more recent advances have highlighted the need for understanding learning in terms of complex interactions between populations of neurons and synapses. How should one think about learning at such a macroscopic level? Here, we develop a conceptual framework to bridge the gap between the different scales at which learning operates, from synapses to neurons to behavior. Using this framework, we explore the principles that guide sensorimotor learning across these scales, and set the stage for future experimental and theoretical work in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nicolas Meirhaeghe
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences & Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology,Corresponding authors: Nicolas Meirhaeghe, , Mehrdad Jazayeri, Ph.D.,
| | | | - Mehrdad Jazayeri
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research,,Department of Brain & Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology,Corresponding authors: Nicolas Meirhaeghe, , Mehrdad Jazayeri, Ph.D.,
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54
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He J, Chen Z, Kang X, Wu L, Jiang JM, Liu SM, Wei HJ, Chen YJ, Zou W, Wang CY, Zhang P. SIRT1 Mediates H 2S-Ameliorated Diabetes-Associated Cognitive Dysfunction in Rats: Possible Involvement of Inhibiting Hippocampal Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Synaptic Dysfunction. Neurochem Res 2021; 46:611-623. [PMID: 33534060 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-020-03196-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes-associated cognitive dysfunction (DACD) characterized by hippocampal injury increases the risk of major cerebrovascular events and death. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and synaptic dysfunction play vital roles in the pathological process. At present, no specific treatment exists for the prevention and/or the therapy of DACD. We have recently reported that hydrogen sulfide (H2S) exhibits therapeutic potential for DACD, but the underlying mechanism has not been fully elucidated. Silent information regulator 1 (SIRT1) has been shown to play a role in regulating the progression of diabetes and is also indispensable for memory formation and cognitive performance. Hence, the present study was performed to explore whether SIRT1 mediates the protective effect of H2S on streptozotocin (STZ)-induced cognitive deficits, an in vivo rat model of DACD, via inhibiting hippocampal ER stress and synaptic dysfunction. The results showed that administration of NaHS (an exogenous H2S donor) increased the expression of SIRT1 in the hippocampus of STZ-induced diabetic rats. Then, results proved that sirtinol, a special blocker of SIRT1, abrogated the inhibition of NaHS on STZ-induced cognitive deficits, as appraised by Morris water maze test, Y-maze test, and Novel object recognition behavioral test. In addition, administration of NaHS eliminated STZ-induced ER stress as evidenced by the decreases in the expressions of ER stress-related proteins including glucose-regulated protein 78, C/EBP homologous protein, and cleaved caspase-12 in the hippocampus, while these effects of NaHS were also reverted by sirtinol. Furthermore, the NaHS-induced up-regulation of hippocampal synapse-related protein (synapsin-1, SYN1) expression in STZ-induced diabetic rats was also abolished by sirtinol. Taken together, these results demonstrated that SIRT1 mediates the protection of H2S against cognitive dysfunction in STZ-diabetic rats partly via inhibiting hippocampal ER stress and synaptic dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan He
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, University of South China, No. 336, Dongfeng South Road, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Neuroscience, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhuo Chen
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, University of South China, No. 336, Dongfeng South Road, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Neuroscience, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, People's Republic of China
- Department of Neurology, Yiyang Center Hospital, Yiyang, 413000, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuan Kang
- Institute of Neuroscience, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, People's Republic of China
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, No. 69 Chuanshan Road, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Wu
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, University of South China, No. 336, Dongfeng South Road, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Neuroscience, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia-Mei Jiang
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, No. 69 Chuanshan Road, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, People's Republic of China.
| | - Su-Mei Liu
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, University of South China, No. 336, Dongfeng South Road, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Neuroscience, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Hai-Jun Wei
- Institute of Neuroscience, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, People's Republic of China
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, No. 69 Chuanshan Road, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong-Jun Chen
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, University of South China, No. 336, Dongfeng South Road, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Neuroscience, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Zou
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, University of South China, No. 336, Dongfeng South Road, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Neuroscience, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Chun-Yan Wang
- Institute of Neuroscience, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, University of South China, No. 336, Dongfeng South Road, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, People's Republic of China.
- Institute of Neuroscience, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, People's Republic of China.
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55
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Ojima K, Shiraiwa K, Soga K, Doura T, Takato M, Komatsu K, Yuzaki M, Hamachi I, Kiyonaka S. Ligand-directed two-step labeling to quantify neuronal glutamate receptor trafficking. Nat Commun 2021; 12:831. [PMID: 33547306 PMCID: PMC7864911 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-21082-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The regulation of glutamate receptor localization is critical for development and synaptic plasticity in the central nervous system. Conventional biochemical and molecular biological approaches have been widely used to analyze glutamate receptor trafficking, especially for α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole-propionate-type glutamate receptors (AMPARs). However, conflicting findings have been reported because of a lack of useful tools for analyzing endogenous AMPARs. Here, we develop a method for the rapid and selective labeling of AMPARs with chemical probes, by combining affinity-based protein labeling and bioorthogonal click chemistry under physiological temperature in culture medium. This method allows us to quantify AMPAR distribution and trafficking, which reveals some unique features of AMPARs, such as a long lifetime and a rapid recycling in neurons. This method is also successfully expanded to selectively label N-methyl-D-aspartate-type glutamate receptors. Thus, bioorthogonal two-step labeling may be a versatile tool for investigating the physiological and pathophysiological roles of glutamate receptors in neurons. The analysis of AMPA-type glutamate receptor (AMPAR) trafficking is essential for understanding molecular mechanisms of learning and memory, but the analytical tools are currently limited. Here, the authors report a method that combines affinity-based receptor labeling and bioorthogonal click chemistry to quantify AMPAR distribution and trafficking under physiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kento Ojima
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Kazuki Shiraiwa
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Kyohei Soga
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Doura
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan
| | - Mikiko Takato
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Komatsu
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Michisuke Yuzaki
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Itaru Hamachi
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan.
| | - Shigeki Kiyonaka
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan.
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56
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TAKEMOTO K. Optical manipulation of molecular function by chromophore-assisted light inactivation. PROCEEDINGS OF THE JAPAN ACADEMY. SERIES B, PHYSICAL AND BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES 2021; 97:197-209. [PMID: 33840676 PMCID: PMC8062263 DOI: 10.2183/pjab.97.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In addition to simple on/off switches for molecular activity, spatiotemporal dynamics are also thought to be important for the regulation of cellular function. However, their physiological significance and in vivo importance remain largely unknown. Fluorescence imaging technology is a powerful technique that can reveal the spatiotemporal dynamics of molecular activity. In addition, because imaging detects the correlations between molecular activity and biological phenomena, the technique of molecular manipulation is also important to analyze causal relationships. Recent advances in optical manipulation techniques that artificially perturb molecules and cells via light can address this issue to elucidate the causality between manipulated target and its physiological function. The use of light enables the manipulation of molecular activity in microspaces, such as organelles and nerve spines. In this review, we describe the chromophore-assisted light inactivation method, which is an optical manipulation technique that has been attracting attention in recent years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiwamu TAKEMOTO
- Department of Biochemistry, Mie University, Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu-City, Mie, Japan
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57
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Li KW, Gonzalez-Lozano MA, Koopmans F, Smit AB. Recent Developments in Data Independent Acquisition (DIA) Mass Spectrometry: Application of Quantitative Analysis of the Brain Proteome. Front Mol Neurosci 2020; 13:564446. [PMID: 33424549 PMCID: PMC7793698 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2020.564446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mass spectrometry is the driving force behind current brain proteome analysis. In a typical proteomics approach, a protein isolate is digested into tryptic peptides and then analyzed by liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry. The recent advancements in data independent acquisition (DIA) mass spectrometry provide higher sensitivity and protein coverage than the classic data dependent acquisition. DIA cycles through a pre-defined set of peptide precursor isolation windows stepping through 400–1,200 m/z across the whole liquid chromatography gradient. All peptides within an isolation window are fragmented simultaneously and detected by tandem mass spectrometry. Peptides are identified by matching the ion peaks in a mass spectrum to a spectral library that contains information of the peptide fragment ions' pattern and its chromatography elution time. Currently, there are several reports on DIA in brain research, in particular the quantitative analysis of cellular and synaptic proteomes to reveal the spatial and/or temporal changes of proteins that underlie neuronal plasticity and disease mechanisms. Protocols in DIA are continuously improving in both acquisition and data analysis. The depth of analysis is currently approaching proteome-wide coverage, while maintaining high reproducibility in a stable and standardisable MS environment. DIA can be positioned as the method of choice for routine proteome analysis in basic brain research and clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ka Wan Li
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Miguel A Gonzalez-Lozano
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Frank Koopmans
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - August B Smit
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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58
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Kees AL, Marneffe C, Mulle C. Lighting up pre-synaptic potentiation: An Editorial for "SynaptoPAC, an optogenetic tool for induction of presynaptic plasticity" on page 324. J Neurochem 2020; 156:270-272. [PMID: 33274445 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
This is an Editorial Highlight of a manuscript by Oldani et al. (2020) (Oldani et al. 2020) in the current issue of the Journal of Neurochemistry, in which the authors describe synaptoPAC, a new optogenetic tool. SynaptoPAC is targeted to pre-synaptic compartments and can be used for light-induced increase of the levels of cAMP. Pre-synaptic plasticity, defined as activity-dependent modulation of neurotransmitter release, occurs over a variety of time scales. At a subset of synapses in the brain, long-term forms of pre-synaptic facilitation depend on an increase in the levels of cAMP. Light-induced modulation of cAMP at synapses expressing cAMP-dependent facilitation, has the great potential to mimic pre-synaptic plasticity at genetically targeted synapses. Therefore, synaptoPAC constitutes a powerful tool to study the role of pre-synaptic potentiation in the activity of selected neuronal circuits in relation to behaving animals with a high temporal and spatial precision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley L Kees
- Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, CNRS, UMR 5297, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Catherine Marneffe
- Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, CNRS, UMR 5297, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Christophe Mulle
- Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, CNRS, UMR 5297, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
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59
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Gürth CM, Dankovich TM, Rizzoli SO, D'Este E. Synaptic activity and strength are reflected by changes in the post-synaptic secretory pathway. Sci Rep 2020; 10:20576. [PMID: 33239744 PMCID: PMC7688657 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-77260-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurons are highly asymmetric cells that span long distances and need to react promptly to local demands. Consequently, neuronal secretory pathway elements are distributed throughout neurites, specifically in post-synaptic compartments, to enable local protein synthesis and delivery. Whether and how changes in local synaptic activity correlate to post-synaptic secretory elements is still unclear. To assess this, we used STED nanoscopy and automated quantitative image analysis of post-synaptic markers of the endoplasmic reticulum, ER-Golgi intermediate compartment, trans-Golgi network, and spine apparatus. We found that the distribution of these proteins was dependent on pre-synaptic activity, measured as the amount of recycling vesicles. Moreover, their abundance correlated to both pre- and post-synaptic markers of synaptic strength. Overall, the results suggest that in small, low-activity synapses the secretory pathway components are tightly clustered in the synaptic area, presumably to enable rapid local responses, while bigger synapses utilise secretory machinery components from larger, more diffuse areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara-Marie Gürth
- Department of NanoBiophotonics, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Am Fassberg 11, 37077, Göttingen, Germany.,Department of Optical Nanoscopy, Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Jahnstr. 29, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tal M Dankovich
- Institute for Neuro- and Sensory Physiology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Humboldtallee 23, 37073, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Silvio O Rizzoli
- Institute for Neuro- and Sensory Physiology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Humboldtallee 23, 37073, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Elisa D'Este
- Optical Microscopy Facility, Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Jahnstr. 29, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
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60
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Lee SH, Park HL, Kim MH, Kim MH, Park BG, Lee SD. Realization of Biomimetic Synaptic Functions in a One-Cell Organic Resistive Switching Device Using the Diffusive Parameter of Conductive Filaments. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:51719-51728. [PMID: 33151051 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c15519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Toward the successful development of artificial intelligence, artificial synapses based on resistive switching devices are essential ingredients to perform information processing in spiking neural networks. In neural processes, synaptic plasticity related to the history of neuron activity plays a critical role during learning. In resistive switching devices, it is barely possible to emulate both short-term plasticity and long-term plasticity due to the uncontrollable dynamics of the conductive filaments (CFs). Despite extensive effort to realize synaptic plasticity in such devices, it is still challenging to achieve reliable synaptic functions due to the overgrowth of CFs in a random fashion. Herein, we propose an organic resistive switching device with bio-realistic synaptic functions by adjusting the CF diffusive parameter. In the proposed device, complete synaptic plasticity provides the history-dependent change in the conductance. Moreover, the homeostatic feedback, which resembles the biological process, regulates CF growth in our device, which enhances the reliability of synaptic plasticity. This novel concept for realizing synaptic functions in organic resistive switching devices may provide a physical platform to advance the fundamental understanding of learning and memory mechanisms and develop a variety of neural circuits and neuromorphic systems that can be linked to artificial intelligence and next-generation computing paradigm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sin-Hyung Lee
- School of Electronics Engineering, and School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehak-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu 702-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Hea-Lim Park
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Hoi Kim
- Department of Creative Convergence Engineering, Hanbat National University, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-719, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Hwi Kim
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Gook Park
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Sin-Doo Lee
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
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61
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Qu W, Yuan B, Liu J, Liu Q, Zhang X, Cui R, Yang W, Li B. Emerging role of AMPA receptor subunit GluA1 in synaptic plasticity: Implications for Alzheimer's disease. Cell Prolif 2020; 54:e12959. [PMID: 33188547 PMCID: PMC7791177 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
It is well established that GluA1 mediated synaptic plasticity plays a central role in the early development of AD. The complex cellular and molecular mechanisms that enable GluA1‐related synaptic regulation remain to fully understood. Particularly, understanding the mechanisms that disrupt GluA1 related synaptic plasticity is central to the development of disease‐modifying therapies which are sorely needed as the incidence of AD rises. We surmise that the published evidence establishes deficits in synaptic plasticity as a central factor of AD aetiology. We additionally highlight potential therapeutic strategies for the treatment of AD, and we delve into the roles of GluA1 in learning and memory. Particularly, we review the current understanding of the molecular interactions that confer the actions of this ubiquitous excitatory receptor subunit including post‐translational modification and accessory protein recruitment of the GluA1 subunit. These are proposed to regulate receptor trafficking, recycling, channel conductance and synaptic transmission and plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenrui Qu
- Department of Hand Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.,Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Molecular and Chemical Genetic, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Baoming Yuan
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Hand Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Qianqian Liu
- Department of Hand Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xi Zhang
- Department of Burn Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ranji Cui
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Molecular and Chemical Genetic, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Wei Yang
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Molecular and Chemical Genetic, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Bingjin Li
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Molecular and Chemical Genetic, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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Antipsychotic Drugs Reverse MK801-Inhibited Cell Migration and F-actin Condensation by Modulating the Rho Signaling Pathway in B35 Cells. Behav Neurol 2020. [DOI: 10.1155/2020/4163274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim. MK801-induced psychotic symptoms and also the Ras homolog family member A (RhoA) expression and cell division control protein 42 (cdc42) mRNA modulation in the rat brain have been investigated. Antipsychotic drugs (APDs) have been reported to induce Rho GDP-dissociation inhibitor (RhoGDI) pathway regulation related to cytoskeleton reorganization in neuronal cells. It will be necessary to clarify the effects of APDs on MK801-induced RhoGDI signaling regulation in neuronal cells. Methods. B35 neuronal cells were treated with MK801 for 7 days then treated with MK801 in combination with haloperidol or clozapine for a further 7 days. Cell migration, F-actin condensation, and RhoGDI signaling regulation were examined to investigate the regulatory effects of MK801, haloperidol, and clozapine in B35 neuronal cells. Results. MK801 reduced B35 cell migration, whereas both haloperidol and clozapine reversed the reduction in cell migration induced by MK801. Haloperidol and clozapine restored F-actin condensation after it was diminished by MK801 in B35 cell nuclei. MK801 increased the RhoGDI1 and RhoA expression, which was diminished by the addition of haloperidol and clozapine. MK801 reduced the CDC42 expression, which was restored by haloperidol and clozapine. MK801 reduced the Rho-associated coiled-coil containing protein kinase 1 (ROCK1), profilin1 (PFN1), and neuronal Wiskott–Aldrich Syndrome protein (N-WASP) expression, which was further reduced by haloperidol and clozapine. MK801 also increased the phosphorylated myosin light chain 2 (p-MLC2), postsynaptic density protein 95 (PSD-95), and c-jun expression, which was decreased by haloperidol and clozapine. p21 (RAC1-) activated kinase 1 (PAK1) expression was not affected by MK801.
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63
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Semantic Processing in Healthy Aging and Alzheimer's Disease: A Systematic Review of the N400 Differences. Brain Sci 2020; 10:brainsci10110770. [PMID: 33114051 PMCID: PMC7690742 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci10110770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Semantic deficits are common in individuals with Alzheimer’s disease (AD). These deficits notably impact the ability to understand words. In healthy aging, semantic knowledge increases but semantic processing (i.e., the ability to use this knowledge) may be impaired. This systematic review aimed to investigate semantic processing in healthy aging and AD through behavioral responses and the N400 brain event-related potential. The results of the quantitative and qualitative analyses suggested an overall decrease in accuracy and increase in response times in healthy elderly as compared to young adults, as well as in individuals with AD as compared to age-matched controls. The influence of semantic association, as measured by N400 effect amplitudes, appears smaller in healthy aging and even more so in AD patients. Thus, semantic processing differences may occur in both healthy and pathological aging. The establishment of norms of healthy aging for these outcomes that vary between normal and pathological aging could eventually help early detection of AD.
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64
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Mansur F, Alarcon JM, Stackpole EE, Wang R, Richter JD. Noncanonical cytoplasmic poly(A) polymerases regulate RNA levels, alternative RNA processing, and synaptic plasticity but not hippocampal-dependent behaviours. RNA Biol 2020; 18:962-971. [PMID: 32954964 DOI: 10.1080/15476286.2020.1824061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Noncanonical poly(A) polymerases are frequently tethered to mRNA 3' untranslated regions and regulate poly(A) tail length and resulting translation. In the brain, one such poly(A) polymerase is Gld2, which is anchored to mRNA by the RNA-binding protein CPEB1 to control local translation at postsynaptic regions. Depletion of CPEB1 or Gld2 from the mouse hippocampus results in a deficit in long-term potentiation (LTP), but only depletion of CPEB1 alters animal behaviour. To test whether a related enzyme, Gld4, compensates for the lack of Gld2, we separately or simultaneously depleted both proteins from hippocampal area CA1 and again found little change in animal behaviour, but observed a deficit in LTP as well as an increase in long-term depression (LTD), two forms of protein synthesis-dependent synaptic plasticity. RNA-seq data from Gld2, Gld4, and Gld2/Gld4-depleted hippocampus show widespread changes in steady state RNA levels, alternative splicing, and alternative poly(A) site selection. Many of the RNAs subject to these alterations encode proteins that mediate synaptic function, suggesting a molecular foundation for impaired synaptic plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Mansur
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Juan Marcos Alarcon
- Department of Pathology, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, New York, USA
| | - Emily E Stackpole
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ruijia Wang
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Joel D Richter
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
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65
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O'Connor M, Shentu YP, Wang G, Hu WT, Xu ZD, Wang XC, Liu R, Man HY. Acetylation of AMPA Receptors Regulates Receptor Trafficking and Rescues Memory Deficits in Alzheimer's Disease. iScience 2020; 23:101465. [PMID: 32861999 PMCID: PMC7476873 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
In Alzheimer's disease (AD), decreases in the amount and synaptic localization of AMPA receptors (AMPARs) result in weakened synaptic activity and dysfunction in synaptic plasticity, leading to impairments in cognitive functions. We have previously found that AMPARs are subject to lysine acetylation, resulting in higher AMPAR stability and protein accumulation. Here we report that AMPAR acetylation was significantly reduced in AD and neurons with Aβ incubation. We identified p300 as the acetyltransferase responsible for AMPAR acetylation and found that enhancing GluA1 acetylation ameliorated Aβ-induced reductions in total and cell-surface AMPARs. Importantly, expression of acetylation mimetic GluA1 (GluA1-4KQ) in APP/PS1 mice rescued impairments in synaptic plasticity and memory. These findings indicate that Aβ-induced reduction in AMPAR acetylation and stability contributes to synaptopathy and memory deficiency in AD, suggesting that AMPAR acetylation may be an effective molecular target for AD therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret O'Connor
- Department of Biology, Boston University, 5 Cummington Mall, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Yang-Ping Shentu
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
- Department of Pathology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Guan Wang
- Department of Biology, Boston University, 5 Cummington Mall, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Wen-Ting Hu
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Zhen-Dong Xu
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Xiao-Chuan Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Rong Liu
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Heng-Ye Man
- Department of Biology, Boston University, 5 Cummington Mall, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Department of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Boston University School of Medicine, 72 East Concord St., L-603, Boston, MA 02118, USA
- Center for Systems Neuroscience, Boston University, 610 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, MA, USA
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66
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Baculis BC, Zhang J, Chung HJ. The Role of K v7 Channels in Neural Plasticity and Behavior. Front Physiol 2020; 11:568667. [PMID: 33071824 PMCID: PMC7530275 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.568667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Activity-dependent persistent changes in neuronal intrinsic excitability and synaptic strength are widely thought to underlie learning and memory. Voltage-gated KCNQ/Kv7 potassium channels have been of great interest as the potential targets for memory disorders due to the beneficial effects of their antagonists in cognition. Importantly, de novo dominant mutations in their neuronal subunits KCNQ2/Kv7.2 and KCNQ3/Kv7.3 are associated with epilepsy and neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by developmental delay and intellectual disability. The role of Kv7 channels in neuronal excitability and epilepsy has been extensively studied. However, their functional significance in neural plasticity, learning, and memory remains largely unknown. Here, we review recent studies that support the emerging roles of Kv7 channels in intrinsic and synaptic plasticity, and their contributions to cognition and behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian C Baculis
- Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Jiaren Zhang
- Department of Molecular Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Hee Jung Chung
- Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States.,Department of Molecular Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
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67
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Han H, Ge F, Ma M, Yu H, Wei H, Zhao X, Yao H, Gong J, Qiu L, Xu W. Mixed receptors of AMPA and NMDA emulated using a 'Polka Dot'-structured two-dimensional conjugated polymer-based artificial synapse. NANOSCALE HORIZONS 2020; 5:1324-1331. [PMID: 32749433 DOI: 10.1039/d0nh00348d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In a biological synapse, α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionic acid (AMPA) receptors mediate fast excitatory neurotransmission, whereas N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptors trigger an enhanced memory effect; the complementary roles of AMPA and NMDA are essential in short-term plasticity (STP) to enhance memory effect (EME) transition. Herein, we report the design and fabrication of the first two-dimensional (2D) conjugated polymer (CP)-based synaptic transistor. The special design of the 2D CP with nanoscale-segregated 'polka dot'-structured crystalline phases and adjacent amorphous phases emulate the different receptors of NMDA and AMPA on the postsynaptic membrane for the first time. The synergistic effect of mixed receptors distinguishes STP and enhanced memory effect with a critical point, which regulates the threshold level of the enhanced memory effect induction. This effect has not been reported yet. The special structure avoids easy saturation of a single receptor with consecutively increased excitatory postsynaptic current (EPSC) in response to 1200 stimuli. Furthermore, the 2D P3HT synapse successfully emulates activity-dependent synaptic plasticity, such as metaplasticity and homeostatic plasticity, which are advanced forms of plasticity, allowing the self-adaptive ability of a synapse, but have rarely been reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Han
- Institute of Optoelectronic Thin Film Devices and Technology, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Thin Film Devices and Technology of Tianjin, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China.
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Campelo T, Augusto E, Chenouard N, de Miranda A, Kouskoff V, Camus C, Choquet D, Gambino F. AMPAR-Dependent Synaptic Plasticity Initiates Cortical Remapping and Adaptive Behaviors during Sensory Experience. Cell Rep 2020; 32:108097. [PMID: 32877679 PMCID: PMC7487777 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.108097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Cortical plasticity improves behaviors and helps recover lost functions after injury. However, the underlying synaptic mechanisms remain unclear. In mice, we show that trimming all but one whisker enhances sensory responses from the spared whisker in the barrel cortex and occludes whisker-mediated synaptic potentiation (w-Pot) in vivo. In addition, whisker-dependent behaviors that are initially impaired by single-whisker experience (SWE) rapidly recover when associated cortical regions remap. Cross-linking the surface GluA2 subunit of AMPA receptors (AMPARs) suppresses the expression of w-Pot, presumably by blocking AMPAR surface diffusion, in mice with all whiskers intact, indicating that synaptic potentiation in vivo requires AMPAR trafficking. We use this approach to demonstrate that w-Pot is required for SWE-mediated strengthening of synaptic inputs and initiates the recovery of previously learned skills during the early phases of SWE. Taken together, our data reveal that w-Pot mediates cortical remapping and behavioral improvement upon partial sensory deafferentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiago Campelo
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, IINS, UMR 5297, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Elisabete Augusto
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, IINS, UMR 5297, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Nicolas Chenouard
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, IINS, UMR 5297, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Aron de Miranda
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, IINS, UMR 5297, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Vladimir Kouskoff
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, IINS, UMR 5297, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Come Camus
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, IINS, UMR 5297, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Daniel Choquet
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, IINS, UMR 5297, 33000 Bordeaux, France; University of Bordeaux, CNRS, INSERM, Bordeaux Imaging Center, BIC, UMS 3420, US 4, 33000 Bordeaux, France.
| | - Frédéric Gambino
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, IINS, UMR 5297, 33000 Bordeaux, France.
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69
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Gambino F, Choquet D. Eyes Wide Open on AMPAR Trafficking during Motor Learning. Neuron 2020; 105:764-766. [PMID: 32135087 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2020.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In this issue of Neuron, Roth et al. (2020) report that the content of GluA1-containing AMPAR at spines and dendrites in vivo in the motor and visual cortex increases proportionally to the learning of a motor task. Visual cortex activity is necessary for increasing AMPAR content and learning in light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederic Gambino
- Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) Unite Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5297, Bordeaux, France.
| | - Daniel Choquet
- Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) Unite Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5297, Bordeaux, France; Bordeaux Imaging Center, CNRS UMS 3420, University of Bordeaux, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) US04, Bordeaux, France.
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70
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Moreno A. Molecular mechanisms of forgetting. Eur J Neurosci 2020; 54:6912-6932. [DOI: 10.1111/ejn.14839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Moreno
- Danish Institute of Translational Neuroscience (DANDRITE) Aarhus University Aarhus C Denmark
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71
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Sallet J, Noonan MP, Thomas A, O’Reilly JX, Anderson J, Papageorgiou GK, Neubert FX, Ahmed B, Smith J, Bell AH, Buckley MJ, Roumazeilles L, Cuell S, Walton ME, Krug K, Mars RB, Rushworth MFS. Behavioral flexibility is associated with changes in structure and function distributed across a frontal cortical network in macaques. PLoS Biol 2020; 18:e3000605. [PMID: 32453728 PMCID: PMC7274449 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3000605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the most influential accounts of central orbitofrontal cortex-that it mediates behavioral flexibility-has been challenged by the finding that discrimination reversal in macaques, the classic test of behavioral flexibility, is unaffected when lesions are made by excitotoxin injection rather than aspiration. This suggests that the critical brain circuit mediating behavioral flexibility in reversal tasks lies beyond the central orbitofrontal cortex. To determine its identity, a group of nine macaques were taught discrimination reversal learning tasks, and its impact on gray matter was measured. Magnetic resonance imaging scans were taken before and after learning and compared with scans from two control groups, each comprising 10 animals. One control group learned discrimination tasks that were similar but lacked any reversal component, and the other control group engaged in no learning. Gray matter changes were prominent in posterior orbitofrontal cortex/anterior insula but were also found in three other frontal cortical regions: lateral orbitofrontal cortex (orbital part of area 12 [12o]), cingulate cortex, and lateral prefrontal cortex. In a second analysis, neural activity in posterior orbitofrontal cortex/anterior insula was measured at rest, and its pattern of coupling with the other frontal cortical regions was assessed. Activity coupling increased significantly in the reversal learning group in comparison with controls. In a final set of experiments, we used similar structural imaging procedures and analyses to demonstrate that aspiration lesion of central orbitofrontal cortex, of the type known to affect discrimination learning, affected structure and activity in the same frontal cortical circuit. The results identify a distributed frontal cortical circuit associated with behavioral flexibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérôme Sallet
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Univ Lyon, Université Lyon 1, Inserm, Stem Cell and Brain Research Institute U1208, Bron, France
| | - MaryAnn P. Noonan
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Adam Thomas
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, Centre for Functional MRI of the Brain (FMRIB), Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
- National Institute of Mental Health, Magnuson Clinical Center, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Jill X. O’Reilly
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Jesper Anderson
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, Centre for Functional MRI of the Brain (FMRIB), Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Georgios K. Papageorgiou
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research and Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Franz X. Neubert
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Bashir Ahmed
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Jackson Smith
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew H. Bell
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Mark J. Buckley
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Léa Roumazeilles
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Steven Cuell
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Mark E. Walton
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Kristine Krug
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Otto-von-Guericke-Universität, Magdeburg, Germany
- Leibniz-Institut für Neurobiologie, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Rogier B. Mars
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, Centre for Functional MRI of the Brain (FMRIB), Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Matthew F. S. Rushworth
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, Centre for Functional MRI of the Brain (FMRIB), Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
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72
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Kelly MP, Heckman PRA, Havekes R. Genetic manipulation of cyclic nucleotide signaling during hippocampal neuroplasticity and memory formation. Prog Neurobiol 2020; 190:101799. [PMID: 32360536 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2020.101799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Revised: 03/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Decades of research have underscored the importance of cyclic nucleotide signaling in memory formation and synaptic plasticity. In recent years, several new genetic techniques have expanded the neuroscience toolbox, allowing researchers to measure and modulate cyclic nucleotide gradients with high spatiotemporal resolution. Here, we will provide an overview of studies using genetic approaches to interrogate the role cyclic nucleotide signaling plays in hippocampus-dependent memory processes and synaptic plasticity. Particular attention is given to genetic techniques that measure real-time changes in cyclic nucleotide levels as well as newly-developed genetic strategies to transiently manipulate cyclic nucleotide signaling in a subcellular compartment-specific manner with high temporal resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michy P Kelly
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology & Neuroscience, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, 6439 Garners Ferry Rd, VA Bldg1, 3(rd) Fl, D-12, Columbia, 29209, SC, USA.
| | - Pim R A Heckman
- Neurobiology Expertise Group, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences (GELIFES), University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AG Groningen, the Netherlands.
| | - Robbert Havekes
- Neurobiology Expertise Group, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences (GELIFES), University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AG Groningen, the Netherlands.
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73
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Differential Scaling of Synaptic Molecules within Functional Zones of an Excitatory Synapse during Homeostatic Plasticity. eNeuro 2020; 7:ENEURO.0407-19.2020. [PMID: 32184300 PMCID: PMC7189482 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0407-19.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Revised: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Homeostatic scaling is a form of synaptic plasticity where individual synapses scale their strengths to compensate for global suppression or elevation of neuronal activity. This process can be studied by measuring miniature EPSP (mEPSP) amplitudes and frequencies following the regulation of activity in neuronal cultures. Here, we demonstrate a quantitative approach to characterize multiplicative synaptic scaling using immunolabelling of hippocampal neuronal cultures treated with tetrodotoxin (TTX) or bicuculline to extract scaling factors for various synaptic proteins. This approach allowed us to directly examine the scaling of presynaptic and postsynaptic scaffolding molecules along with neurotransmitter receptors in primary cultures from mouse and rat hippocampal neurons. We show robust multiplicative scaling of synaptic scaffolding molecules namely, Shank2, PSD95, Bassoon, and AMPA receptor subunits and quantify their scaling factors. We use super-resolution microscopy to calculate scaling factors of surface expressed GluA2 within functional zones of the synapse and show that there is differential and correlated scaling of GluA2 levels within the spine, the postsynaptic density (PSD), and the perisynaptic regions. Our method opens a novel paradigm to quantify relative molecular changes of synaptic proteins within distinct subsynaptic compartments from a large number of synapses in response to alteration of neuronal activity, providing anatomic insights into the intricacies of variability in strength of individual synapses.
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74
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Cheyne JE, Montgomery JM. The cellular and molecular basis of in vivo synaptic plasticity in rodents. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2020; 318:C1264-C1283. [PMID: 32320288 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00416.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Plasticity within the neuronal networks of the brain underlies the ability to learn and retain new information. The initial discovery of synaptic plasticity occurred by measuring synaptic strength in vivo, applying external stimulation and observing an increase in synaptic strength termed long-term potentiation (LTP). Many of the molecular pathways involved in LTP and other forms of synaptic plasticity were subsequently uncovered in vitro. Over the last few decades, technological advances in recording and imaging in live animals have seen many of these molecular mechanisms confirmed in vivo, including structural changes both pre- and postsynaptically, changes in synaptic strength, and changes in neuronal excitability. A well-studied aspect of neuronal plasticity is the capacity of the brain to adapt to its environment, gained by comparing the brains of deprived and experienced animals in vivo, and in direct response to sensory stimuli. Multiple in vivo studies have also strongly linked plastic changes to memory by interfering with the expression of plasticity and by manipulating memory engrams. Plasticity in vivo also occurs in the absence of any form of external stimulation, i.e., during spontaneous network activity occurring with brain development. However, there is still much to learn about how plasticity is induced during natural learning and how this is altered in neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliette E Cheyne
- Department of Physiology and Centre for Brain Research, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Johanna M Montgomery
- Department of Physiology and Centre for Brain Research, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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75
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Kedia S, Ramakrishna P, Netrakanti PR, Jose M, Sibarita JB, Nadkarni S, Nair D. Real-time nanoscale organization of amyloid precursor protein. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:8200-8215. [PMID: 32255447 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr00052c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Despite an intuitive understanding of the role of APP in health and disease, there exist few attempts to dissect its molecular localization at excitatory synapses. Though the biochemistry involved in the enzymatic processing of APP is well understood, there is a void in understanding the nonuniformity of the product formation in vivo. Here, we employed multiple paradigms of single molecules and ensemble based nanoscopic imaging to reveal that APP molecules are organized into regulatory nanodomains that are differentially compartmentalized in the functional zones of an excitatory synapse. Furthermore, with the aid of high density single particle tracking, we show that the lateral diffusion of APP in live cells dictates an equilibrium between these nanodomains and their nano-environment, which is affected in a detrimental variant of APP. Additionally, we incorporate this spatio-temporal detail 'in silico' to generate a realistic nanoscale topography of APP in dendrites and synapses. This approach uncovers a nanoscale heterogeneity in the molecular organization of APP, depicting a locus for differential APP processing. This holistic paradigm, to decipher the real-time heterogeneity of the substrate molecules on the nanoscale, could enable us to better evaluate the molecular constraints overcoming the ensemble approaches used traditionally to understand the kinetics of product formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shekhar Kedia
- Centre for Neuroscience, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India.
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76
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Fernández de Sevilla D, Núñez A, Buño W. Muscarinic Receptors, from Synaptic Plasticity to its Role in Network Activity. Neuroscience 2020; 456:60-70. [PMID: 32278062 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2020.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Acetylcholine acting via metabotropic receptors plays a key role in learning and memory by regulating synaptic plasticity and circuit activity. However, a recent overall view of the effects of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChRs) on excitatory and inhibitory long-term synaptic plasticity and on circuit activity is lacking. This review focusses on specific aspects of the regulation of synaptic plasticity and circuit activity by mAChRs in the hippocampus and cortex. Acetylcholine increases the excitability of pyramidal neurons, facilitating the generation of dendritic Ca2+-spikes, NMDA-spikes and action potential bursts which provide the main source of Ca2+ influx necessary to induce synaptic plasticity. The activation of mAChRs induced Ca2+ release from intracellular IP3-sensitive stores is a major player in the induction of a NMDA independent long-term potentiation (LTP) caused by an increased expression of AMPA receptors in hippocampal pyramidal neuron dendritic spines. In the neocortex, activation of mAChRs also induces a long-term enhancement of excitatory postsynaptic currents. In addition to effects on excitatory synapses, a single brief activation of mAChRs together with short repeated membrane depolarization can induce a long-term enhancement of GABA A type (GABAA) inhibition through an increased expression of GABAA receptors in hippocampal pyramidal neurons. By contrast, a long term depression of GABAA inhibition (iLTD) is induced by muscarinic receptor activation in the absence of postsynaptic depolarizations. This iLTD is caused by an endocannabinoid-mediated presynaptic inhibition that reduces the GABA release probability at the terminals of inhibitory interneurons. This bidirectional long-term plasticity of inhibition may dynamically regulate the excitatory/inhibitory balance depending on the quiescent or active state of the postsynaptic pyramidal neurons. Therefore, acetylcholine can induce varied effects on neuronal activity and circuit behavior that can enhance sensory detection and processing through the modification of circuit activity leading to learning, memory and behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Fernández de Sevilla
- Departamento de Anatomía, Histología y Neurociencia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid 28029, Spain.
| | - A Núñez
- Departamento de Anatomía, Histología y Neurociencia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - W Buño
- Instituto Cajal, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid 28029, Spain
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Mikuni T, Uchigashima M. Methodological approaches to understand the molecular mechanism of structural plasticity of dendritic spines. Eur J Neurosci 2020; 54:6902-6911. [PMID: 32248570 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.14734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2019] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Dendritic spines are tiny protrusions emanating from the neuronal dendrites, typically housing single excitatory postsynapses. Structural plasticity of dendritic spines is considered to be essential for synaptic functional plasticity and also reorganization of neural circuits during learning and memory. Structural plasticity of spines is mediated by complex biochemical signaling with various spatial and temporal scales. A variety of methods based on pharmacological, genetic, molecular, imaging and optical approaches has been developed and applied to dissect the complex signal transduction pathways. In this review, we overview both conventional and new methodological approaches to identify, monitor and manipulate key molecules for structural plasticity of dendritic spines, ultimately aiming to understand the molecular mechanism of learning and memory in behaving animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayasu Mikuni
- Department of Cellular Neuropathology, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan.,Japan Science and Technology Agency, PRESTO, Kawaguchi, Japan
| | - Motokazu Uchigashima
- Department of Cellular Neuropathology, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
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78
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Abstract
Synaptic plasticity, the activity-dependent change in neuronal connection strength, has long been considered an important component of learning and memory. Computational and engineering work corroborate the power of learning through the directed adjustment of connection weights. Here we review the fundamental elements of four broadly categorized forms of synaptic plasticity and discuss their functional capabilities and limitations. Although standard, correlation-based, Hebbian synaptic plasticity has been the primary focus of neuroscientists for decades, it is inherently limited. Three-factor plasticity rules supplement Hebbian forms with neuromodulation and eligibility traces, while true supervised types go even further by adding objectives and instructive signals. Finally, a recently discovered hippocampal form of synaptic plasticity combines the above elements, while leaving behind the primary Hebbian requirement. We suggest that the effort to determine the neural basis of adaptive behavior could benefit from renewed experimental and theoretical investigation of more powerful directed types of synaptic plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey C Magee
- Department of Neuroscience and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA;
| | - Christine Grienberger
- Department of Neuroscience and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA;
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Cell-to-Cell Communication in Learning and Memory: From Neuro- and Glio-Transmission to Information Exchange Mediated by Extracellular Vesicles. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 21:ijms21010266. [PMID: 31906013 PMCID: PMC6982255 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21010266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Revised: 12/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Most aspects of nervous system development and function rely on the continuous crosstalk between neurons and the variegated universe of non-neuronal cells surrounding them. The most extraordinary property of this cellular community is its ability to undergo adaptive modifications in response to environmental cues originating from inside or outside the body. Such ability, known as neuronal plasticity, allows long-lasting modifications of the strength, composition and efficacy of the connections between neurons, which constitutes the biochemical base for learning and memory. Nerve cells communicate with each other through both wiring (synaptic) and volume transmission of signals. It is by now clear that glial cells, and in particular astrocytes, also play critical roles in both modes by releasing different kinds of molecules (e.g., D-serine secreted by astrocytes). On the other hand, neurons produce factors that can regulate the activity of glial cells, including their ability to release regulatory molecules. In the last fifteen years it has been demonstrated that both neurons and glial cells release extracellular vesicles (EVs) of different kinds, both in physiologic and pathological conditions. Here we discuss the possible involvement of EVs in the events underlying learning and memory, in both physiologic and pathological conditions.
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