51
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Worgall TS. Sphingolipids and Asthma. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1372:145-155. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-19-0394-6_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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52
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Qu Z, Zhou L. Drug Development in the Field of Sphinogolipid Metabolism. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1372:169-188. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-19-0394-6_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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53
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Sasset L, Di Lorenzo A. Sphingolipid Metabolism and Signaling in Endothelial Cell Functions. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1372:87-117. [PMID: 35503177 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-19-0394-6_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The endothelium, inner layer of blood vessels, constitutes a metabolically active paracrine, endocrine, and autocrine organ, able to sense the neighboring environment and exert a variety of biological functions important to preserve the health of vasculature, tissues, and organs. Sphingolipids are both fundamental structural components of the eukaryotic membranes and signaling molecules regulating a variety of biological functions. Ceramide and sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), bioactive sphingolipids, have emerged as important regulators of cardiovascular functions in health and disease. In this review we discuss recent insights into the role of ceramide and S1P biosynthesis and signaling in regulating endothelial cell functions, in health and diseases. We also highlight advances into the mechanisms regulating serine palmitoyltransferase, the first and rate-limiting enzyme of de novo sphingolipid biosynthesis, with an emphasis on its inhibitors, ORMDL and NOGO-B. Understanding the molecular mechanisms regulating the sphingolipid de novo biosynthesis may provide the foundation for therapeutic modulation of this pathway in a variety of conditions, including cardiovascular diseases, associated with derangement of this pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Sasset
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Feil Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Annarita Di Lorenzo
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Feil Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
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54
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Wasserman E, Worgall S. Perinatal origins of chronic lung disease: mechanisms-prevention-therapy-sphingolipid metabolism and the genetic and perinatal origins of childhood asthma. Mol Cell Pediatr 2021; 8:22. [PMID: 34931265 PMCID: PMC8688659 DOI: 10.1186/s40348-021-00130-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Childhood asthma derives from complex host-environment interactions occurring in the perinatal and infant period, a critical time for lung development. Sphingolipids are bioactive molecules consistently implicated in the pathogenesis of childhood asthma. Genome wide association studies (GWAS) initially identified a link between alleles within the 17q21 asthma-susceptibility locus, childhood asthma, and overexpression of the ORMDL sphingolipid biosynthesis regulator 3 (ORMDL3), an inhibitor of de novo sphingolipid synthesis. Subsequent studies of pediatric asthma offer strong evidence that these asthma-risk alleles correlate with early-life aberrancies of sphingolipid homeostasis and asthma. Relationships between sphingolipid metabolism and asthma-related risk factors, including maternal obesity and respiratory viral infections, are currently under investigation. This review will summarize how these perinatal and early life exposures can synergize with 17q21 asthma risk alleles to exacerbate disruptions of sphingolipid homeostasis and drive asthma pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Wasserman
- Department of Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medicine, 525 East 68th Street, Box 225, New York, NY, 10065, USA.,Drukier Institute for Children's Health, Weill Cornell Medicine, 413 East 69th Street, 12th Floor, New York, NY, 10021, USA
| | - Stefan Worgall
- Department of Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medicine, 525 East 68th Street, Box 225, New York, NY, 10065, USA. .,Drukier Institute for Children's Health, Weill Cornell Medicine, 413 East 69th Street, 12th Floor, New York, NY, 10021, USA. .,Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1305 York Avenue, 13th Floor, New York, NY, 10065, USA.
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55
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Aaltonen MJ, Alecu I, König T, Bennett SA, Shoubridge EA. Serine palmitoyltransferase assembles at ER-mitochondria contact sites. Life Sci Alliance 2021; 5:5/2/e202101278. [PMID: 34785538 PMCID: PMC8605320 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202101278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The accumulation of sphingolipid species in the cell contributes to the development of obesity and neurological disease. However, the subcellular localization of sphingolipid-synthesizing enzymes is unclear, limiting the understanding of where and how these lipids accumulate inside the cell and why they are toxic. Here, we show that SPTLC2, a subunit of the serine palmitoyltransferase (SPT) complex, catalyzing the first step in de novo sphingolipid synthesis, localizes dually to the ER and the outer mitochondrial membrane. We demonstrate that mitochondrial SPTLC2 interacts and forms a complex in trans with the ER-localized SPT subunit SPTLC1. Loss of SPTLC2 prevents the synthesis of mitochondrial sphingolipids and protects from palmitate-induced mitochondrial toxicity, a process dependent on mitochondrial ceramides. Our results reveal the in trans assembly of an enzymatic complex at an organellar membrane contact site, providing novel insight into the localization of sphingolipid synthesis and the composition and function of ER-mitochondria contact sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mari J Aaltonen
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.,Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Irina Alecu
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada.,Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Tim König
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Steffany Al Bennett
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada.,Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Eric A Shoubridge
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada .,Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
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56
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Chang HY, Lo LH, Lan YH, Hong MX, Chan YT, Ko TP, Huang YR, Cheng TH, Liaw CC. Structural insights into the substrate selectivity of α-oxoamine synthases from marine Vibrio sp. QWI-06. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2021; 210:112224. [PMID: 34838420 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2021.112224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Pyridoxal phosphate (PLP)-dependent α-oxoamine synthases are generally believed to be responsible for offloading and elongating polyketides or catalyzing the condensation of amino acids and acyl-CoA thioester substrates, such as serine into sphingolipids and cysteate into sulfonolipids. Previously, we discovered vitroprocines, which are tyrosine- and phenylalanine-polyketide derivatives, as potential new antibiotics from the genus Vibrio. Using bioinformatics analysis, we identified putative genes of PLP-dependent enzyme from marine Vibrio sp. QWI-06, implying a capability to produce amino-polyketide derivatives. One of these genes was cloned, and the recombinant protein, termed Vibrio sp. QWI-06 α-oxoamine synthases-1 (VsAOS1), was overexpressed for structural and biochemical characterization. The crystal structure of the dimeric VsAOS1 was determined at 1.8-Å resolution in the presence of L-glycine. The electron density map indicated a glycine molecule occupying the pyridoxal binding site in one monomer, suggesting a snapshot of the initiation process upon the loading of amino acid substrate. In mass spectrometry analysis, VsAOS1 strictly acted to condense L-glycine with C12 or C16 acyl-CoA, including unsaturated acyl analog. Furthermore, a single residue replacement of VsAOS1 (G243S) allowed the enzyme to generate sphingoid derivative when L-serine and lauroyl-CoA were used as substrates. Our data elucidate the mechanism of substrate binding and selectivity by the VsAOS1 and provide a thorough understanding of the molecular basis for the amino acid preference of AOS members.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-Yang Chang
- Department of Life Sciences and Institute of Genome Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
| | - Li-Hua Lo
- Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hsuan Lan
- Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Mao-Xuan Hong
- Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yuen Ting Chan
- Department of Life Sciences and Institute of Genome Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Ping Ko
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ru Huang
- Department of Life Sciences and Institute of Genome Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tien-Hsing Cheng
- Department of Life Sciences and Institute of Genome Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Chuang Liaw
- Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Pharmacognosy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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57
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Sphingolipids in Hematopoiesis: Exploring Their Role in Lineage Commitment. Cells 2021; 10:cells10102507. [PMID: 34685487 PMCID: PMC8534120 DOI: 10.3390/cells10102507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Sphingolipids, associated enzymes, and the sphingolipid pathway are implicated in complex, multifaceted roles impacting several cell functions, such as cellular homeostasis, apoptosis, cell differentiation, and more through intrinsic and autocrine/paracrine mechanisms. Given this broad range of functions, it comes as no surprise that a large body of evidence points to important functions of sphingolipids in hematopoiesis. As the understanding of the processes that regulate hematopoiesis and of the specific characteristics that define each type of hematopoietic cells is being continuously refined, the understanding of the roles of sphingolipid metabolism in hematopoietic lineage commitment is also evolving. Recent findings indicate that sphingolipid alterations can modulate lineage commitment from stem cells all the way to megakaryocytic, erythroid, myeloid, and lymphoid cells. For instance, recent evidence points to the ability of de novo sphingolipids to regulate the stemness of hematopoietic stem cells while a substantial body of literature implicates various sphingolipids in specialized terminal differentiation, such as thrombopoiesis. This review provides a comprehensive discussion focused on the mechanisms that link sphingolipids to the commitment of hematopoietic cells to the different lineages, also highlighting yet to be resolved questions.
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Crosstalk between ORMDL3, serine palmitoyltransferase, and 5-lipoxygenase in the sphingolipid and eicosanoid metabolic pathways. J Lipid Res 2021; 62:100121. [PMID: 34560079 PMCID: PMC8527048 DOI: 10.1016/j.jlr.2021.100121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Leukotrienes (LTs) and sphingolipids are critical lipid mediators participating in numerous cellular signal transduction events and developing various disorders, such as bronchial hyperactivity leading to asthma. Enzymatic reactions initiating production of these lipid mediators involve 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO)-mediated conversion of arachidonic acid to LTs and serine palmitoyltransferase (SPT)-mediated de novo synthesis of sphingolipids. Previous studies have shown that endoplasmic reticulum membrane protein ORM1-like protein 3 (ORMDL3) inhibits the activity of SPT and subsequent sphingolipid synthesis. However, the role of ORMDL3 in the synthesis of LTs is not known. In this study, we used peritoneal-derived mast cells isolated from ORMDL3 KO or control mice and examined their calcium mobilization, degranulation, NF-κB inhibitor-α phosphorylation, and TNF-α production. We found that peritoneal-derived mast cells with ORMDL3 KO exhibited increased responsiveness to antigen. Detailed lipid analysis showed that compared with WT cells, ORMDL3-deficient cells exhibited not only enhanced production of sphingolipids but also of LT signaling mediators LTB4, 6t-LTB4, LTC4, LTB5, and 6t-LTB5. The crosstalk between ORMDL3 and 5-LO metabolic pathways was supported by the finding that endogenous ORMDL3 and 5-LO are localized in similar endoplasmic reticulum domains in human mast cells and that ORMDL3 physically interacts with 5-LO. Further experiments showed that 5-LO also interacts with the long-chain 1 and long-chain 2 subunits of SPT. In agreement with these findings, 5-LO knockdown increased ceramide levels, and silencing of SPTLC1 decreased arachidonic acid metabolism to LTs to levels observed upon 5-LO knockdown. These results demonstrate functional crosstalk between the LT and sphingolipid metabolic pathways, leading to the production of lipid signaling mediators.
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59
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Stereoselective Synthesis of Novel Sphingoid Bases Utilized for Exploring the Secrets of Sphinx. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22158171. [PMID: 34360937 PMCID: PMC8347175 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22158171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Sphingolipids are ubiquitous in eukaryotic plasma membranes and play major roles in human and animal physiology and disease. This class of lipids is usually defined as being derivatives of sphingosine, a long-chain 1,3-dihydroxy-2-amino alcohol. Various pathological conditions such as diabetes or neuropathy have been associated with changes in the sphingolipidome and an increased biosynthesis of structurally altered non-canonical sphingolipid derivatives. These unusual or non-canonical sphingolipids hold great promise as potential diagnostic markers. However, due to their low concentrations and the unavailability of suitable standards, the research to explore the secret of this class of 'Sphinx' lipids is ultimately hampered. Therefore, the development of efficient and facile syntheses of standard compounds is a key endeavor. Here, we present various chemical approaches for stereoselective synthesis and in-depth chemical characterization of a set of novel sphingoid bases which were recently utilized as valuable tools to explore the metabolism and biophysical properties of sphingolipids, but also to develop efficient analytical methods for their detection and quantification.
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60
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Dingjan T, Futerman AH. The role of the 'sphingoid motif' in shaping the molecular interactions of sphingolipids in biomembranes. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2021; 1863:183701. [PMID: 34302797 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2021.183701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Sphingolipids can be differentiated from other membrane lipids by the distinctive chemistry of the sphingoid long chain base (LCB), which is generated by the condensation of an amino acid (normally but not always serine) and a fatty acyl CoA (normally palmitoyl CoA) by the pyridoxal phosphate-dependent enzyme, serine palmitoyl transferase (SPT). The first five carbon atoms of the sphingoid LCB, herein defined as the 'sphingoid motif', are largely responsible for the unique chemical and biophysical properties of sphingolipids since they can undergo a relatively large number (compared to other lipid species) of molecular interactions with other membrane lipids, via hydrogen-bonding, charge-pairing, hydrophobic and van der Waals interactions. These interactions are responsible, for instance, for the association of sphingolipids with cholesterol in the membrane lipid bilayer. Here, we discuss some of the unique properties of this sphingoid motif, and in addition to outlining how this structural motif drives intra-bilayer interactions, discuss the atomic details of the interactions with two critical players in the biosynthetic pathway, namely SPT, and the ceramide transport protein, CERT. In the former, the selectivity of sphingolipid synthesis relies on a hydrogen bond interaction between Lys379 of SPTLC2 and the l-serine sidechain hydroxyl moiety. In the latter, the entire sphingoid motif is stereoselectively recognized by a hydrogen-bonding network involving all three sphingoid motif heteroatoms. The remarkable selectivity of these interactions, and the subtle means by which these interactions are modified and regulated in eukaryotic cells raises a number of challenging questions about the generation of these proteins, and of their interactions with the sphingoid motif in evolutionary history.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamir Dingjan
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Anthony H Futerman
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel.
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61
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Ceramide Metabolism Enzymes-Therapeutic Targets against Cancer. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 57:medicina57070729. [PMID: 34357010 PMCID: PMC8303233 DOI: 10.3390/medicina57070729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Sphingolipids are both structural molecules that are essential for cell architecture and second messengers that are involved in numerous cell functions. Ceramide is the central hub of sphingolipid metabolism. In addition to being the precursor of complex sphingolipids, ceramides induce cell cycle arrest and promote cell death and inflammation. At least some of the enzymes involved in the regulation of sphingolipid metabolism are altered in carcinogenesis, and some are targets for anticancer drugs. A number of scientific reports have shown how alterations in sphingolipid pools can affect cell proliferation, survival and migration. Determination of sphingolipid levels and the regulation of the enzymes that are implicated in their metabolism is a key factor for developing novel therapeutic strategies or improving conventional therapies. The present review highlights the importance of bioactive sphingolipids and their regulatory enzymes as targets for therapeutic interventions with especial emphasis in carcinogenesis and cancer dissemination.
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62
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Mohassel P, Donkervoort S, Lone MA, Nalls M, Gable K, Gupta SD, Foley AR, Hu Y, Saute JAM, Moreira AL, Kok F, Introna A, Logroscino G, Grunseich C, Nickolls AR, Pourshafie N, Neuhaus SB, Saade D, Gangfuß A, Kölbel H, Piccus Z, Le Pichon CE, Fiorillo C, Ly CV, Töpf A, Brady L, Specht S, Zidell A, Pedro H, Mittelmann E, Thomas FP, Chao KR, Konersman CG, Cho MT, Brandt T, Straub V, Connolly AM, Schara U, Roos A, Tarnopolsky M, Höke A, Brown RH, Lee CH, Hornemann T, Dunn TM, Bönnemann CG. Childhood amyotrophic lateral sclerosis caused by excess sphingolipid synthesis. Nat Med 2021; 27:1197-1204. [PMID: 34059824 PMCID: PMC9309980 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-021-01346-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive, neurodegenerative disease of the lower and upper motor neurons with sporadic or hereditary occurrence. Age of onset, pattern of motor neuron degeneration and disease progression vary widely among individuals with ALS. Various cellular processes may drive ALS pathomechanisms, but a monogenic direct metabolic disturbance has not been causally linked to ALS. Here we show SPTLC1 variants that result in unrestrained sphingoid base synthesis cause a monogenic form of ALS. We identified four specific, dominantly acting SPTLC1 variants in seven families manifesting as childhood-onset ALS. These variants disrupt the normal homeostatic regulation of serine palmitoyltransferase (SPT) by ORMDL proteins, resulting in unregulated SPT activity and elevated levels of canonical SPT products. Notably, this is in contrast with SPTLC1 variants that shift SPT amino acid usage from serine to alanine, result in elevated levels of deoxysphingolipids and manifest with the alternate phenotype of hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathy. We custom designed small interfering RNAs that selectively target the SPTLC1 ALS allele for degradation, leave the normal allele intact and normalize sphingolipid levels in vitro. The role of primary metabolic disturbances in ALS has been elusive; this study defines excess sphingolipid biosynthesis as a fundamental metabolic mechanism for motor neuron disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Payam Mohassel
- Neuromuscular and Neurogenetic Disorders of Childhood Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Sandra Donkervoort
- Neuromuscular and Neurogenetic Disorders of Childhood Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Museer A Lone
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Matthew Nalls
- Neuromuscular and Neurogenetic Disorders of Childhood Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kenneth Gable
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Uniformed Services University of Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Sita D Gupta
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Uniformed Services University of Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - A Reghan Foley
- Neuromuscular and Neurogenetic Disorders of Childhood Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ying Hu
- Neuromuscular and Neurogenetic Disorders of Childhood Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jonas Alex Morales Saute
- Medical Genetics division and Neurology division, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Graduate Program in Medicine: Medical Sciences, and Internal Medicine Department; Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Ana Lucila Moreira
- Neurology Department, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernando Kok
- Neurogenetics Outpatient Service, Neurology Department, Hospital das Clínicas da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil and Mendelics, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alessandro Introna
- Neurology Unit, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs, University of Bari 'Aldo Moro', Bari, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Logroscino
- Neurology Unit, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs, University of Bari 'Aldo Moro', Bari, Italy
- Department of Clinical Research in Neurology, Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases and the Aging Brain, University of Bari at 'Pia Fondazione Card G. Panico' Hospital Tricase (Le), Bari, Italy
| | - Christopher Grunseich
- Neurogenetics Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Alec R Nickolls
- Neuromuscular and Neurogenetic Disorders of Childhood Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Naemeh Pourshafie
- Neurogenetics Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Sarah B Neuhaus
- Neuromuscular and Neurogenetic Disorders of Childhood Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Dimah Saade
- Neuromuscular and Neurogenetic Disorders of Childhood Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Andrea Gangfuß
- Department of Paediatric Neurology, Center for Neuromuscular Disorders in Children and Adolescents, University Clinic Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg-Essen, Germany
| | - Heike Kölbel
- Department of Paediatric Neurology, Center for Neuromuscular Disorders in Children and Adolescents, University Clinic Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg-Essen, Germany
| | - Zoe Piccus
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Claire E Le Pichon
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Chiara Fiorillo
- Paediatric Neurology and Muscular Diseases Unit, G. Gaslini Institute and Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Cindy V Ly
- Department of Neurology, Washington University in Saint Louis School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Ana Töpf
- John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Lauren Brady
- Division of Neuromuscular & Neurometabolic Disorders, Department of Paediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences Centre, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sabine Specht
- John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Aliza Zidell
- Center for Genetic and Genomic Medicine, Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack, NJ, USA
| | - Helio Pedro
- Center for Genetic and Genomic Medicine, Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack Meridian School of Medicine, Hackensack, NJ, USA
| | - Eric Mittelmann
- Department of Neurology, Hereditary Neuropathy Foundation Center of Excellence, Neuroscience Institute, Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack Meridian School of Medicine, Hackensack, NJ, USA
| | - Florian P Thomas
- Department of Neurology, Hereditary Neuropathy Foundation Center of Excellence, Neuroscience Institute, Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack Meridian School of Medicine, Hackensack, NJ, USA
| | - Katherine R Chao
- Center for Mendelian Genomics, Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Chamindra G Konersman
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Volker Straub
- John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Anne M Connolly
- Department of Paediatrics, Neurology Division, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Ulrike Schara
- Department of Paediatric Neurology, Center for Neuromuscular Disorders in Children and Adolescents, University Clinic Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg-Essen, Germany
| | - Andreas Roos
- Department of Paediatric Neurology, Center for Neuromuscular Disorders in Children and Adolescents, University Clinic Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg-Essen, Germany
| | - Mark Tarnopolsky
- Division of Neuromuscular & Neurometabolic Disorders, Department of Paediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences Centre, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ahmet Höke
- Department of Neurology, Neuromuscular Division, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Robert H Brown
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Chia-Hsueh Lee
- Department of Structural Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Thorsten Hornemann
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Teresa M Dunn
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Uniformed Services University of Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Carsten G Bönnemann
- Neuromuscular and Neurogenetic Disorders of Childhood Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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Quinville BM, Deschenes NM, Ryckman AE, Walia JS. A Comprehensive Review: Sphingolipid Metabolism and Implications of Disruption in Sphingolipid Homeostasis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22115793. [PMID: 34071409 PMCID: PMC8198874 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Sphingolipids are a specialized group of lipids essential to the composition of the plasma membrane of many cell types; however, they are primarily localized within the nervous system. The amphipathic properties of sphingolipids enable their participation in a variety of intricate metabolic pathways. Sphingoid bases are the building blocks for all sphingolipid derivatives, comprising a complex class of lipids. The biosynthesis and catabolism of these lipids play an integral role in small- and large-scale body functions, including participation in membrane domains and signalling; cell proliferation, death, migration, and invasiveness; inflammation; and central nervous system development. Recently, sphingolipids have become the focus of several fields of research in the medical and biological sciences, as these bioactive lipids have been identified as potent signalling and messenger molecules. Sphingolipids are now being exploited as therapeutic targets for several pathologies. Here we present a comprehensive review of the structure and metabolism of sphingolipids and their many functional roles within the cell. In addition, we highlight the role of sphingolipids in several pathologies, including inflammatory disease, cystic fibrosis, cancer, Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease, and lysosomal storage disorders.
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Green CD, Weigel C, Oyeniran C, James BN, Davis D, Mahawar U, Newton J, Wattenberg BW, Maceyka M, Spiegel S. CRISPR/Cas9 deletion of ORMDLs reveals complexity in sphingolipid metabolism. J Lipid Res 2021; 62:100082. [PMID: 33939982 PMCID: PMC8167824 DOI: 10.1016/j.jlr.2021.100082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The serine palmitoyltransferase (SPT) complex catalyzes the rate-limiting step in the de novo biosynthesis of ceramides, the precursors of sphingolipids. The mammalian ORMDL isoforms (ORMDL1-3) are negative regulators of SPT. However, the roles of individual ORMDL isoforms are unclear. Using siRNA against individual ORMDLs, only single siORMDL3 had modest effects on dihydroceramide and ceramide levels, whereas downregulation of all three ORMDLs induced more pronounced increases. With the CRISPR/Cas9-based genome-editing strategy, we established stable single ORMDL3 KO (ORMDL3-KO) and ORMDL1/2/3 triple-KO (ORMDL-TKO) cell lines to further understand the roles of ORMDL proteins in sphingolipid biosynthesis. While ORMDL3-KO modestly increased dihydroceramide and ceramide levels, ORMDL-TKO cells had dramatic increases in the accumulation of these sphingolipid precursors. SPT activity was increased only in ORMDL-TKO cells. In addition, ORMDL-TKO but not ORMDL3-KO dramatically increased levels of galactosylceramides, glucosylceramides, and lactosylceramides, the elevated N-acyl chain distributions of which broadly correlated with the increases in ceramide species. Surprisingly, although C16:0 is the major sphingomyelin species, it was only increased in ORMDL3-KO, whereas all other N-acyl chain sphingomyelin species were significantly increased in ORMDL-TKO cells. Analysis of sphingoid bases revealed that although sphingosine was only increased 2-fold in ORMDL-TKO cells, levels of dihydrosphingosine, dihydrosphingosine-1-phosphate, and sphingosine-1-phosphate were hugely increased in ORMDL-TKO cells and not in ORMDL3-KO cells. Thus, ORMDL proteins may have a complex, multifaceted role in the biosynthesis and regulation of cellular sphingolipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher D Green
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, VCU School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Cynthia Weigel
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, VCU School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Clement Oyeniran
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, VCU School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Briana N James
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, VCU School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Deanna Davis
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, VCU School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Usha Mahawar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, VCU School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Jason Newton
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, VCU School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Binks W Wattenberg
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, VCU School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Michael Maceyka
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, VCU School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Sarah Spiegel
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, VCU School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA.
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Kicking off sphingolipid biosynthesis: structures of the serine palmitoyltransferase complex. Nat Struct Mol Biol 2021; 28:229-231. [PMID: 33558763 DOI: 10.1038/s41594-021-00562-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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