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Visweswaran S, Joseph S, Dhanasekaran J, Paneerselvam S, Annalakshmi O, Jose MT, Perumal V. Exposure of patients to low doses of X-radiation during neuro-interventional imaging and procedures: Dose estimation and analysis of γ-H2AX foci and gene expression in blood lymphocytes. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2020; 856-857:503237. [PMID: 32928370 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2020.503237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Radiation has widespread applications in medicine. However, despite the benefits of medical radiation exposures, adverse long-term health effects are cause for concern. Protein and gene biomarkers are early indicators of cellular response after low-dose exposure. We examined DNA damage by quantifying γ-H2AX foci and expression of twelve candidate genes in the blood lymphocytes of patients exposed to low doses of X-radiation during neuro-interventional procedures. Entrance surface dose (ESD; 10.92-1062.55 mGy) was measured by thermoluminescence dosimetry (TLD). Absorbed dose was estimated using γ-H2AX focus frequency and gene expression, with in vitro dose-response curves generated for the same biomarkers. γ-H2AX foci in post-exposure samples were significantly higher than in pre-exposure samples. Among the genes analysed, FDXR, ATM, BCL2, MDM2, TNFSF9, and PCNA showed increased expression; CDKN1A, DDB2, SESN1, BAX, and TNFRSF10B showed unchanged or decreased expression. Absorbed dose, estimated based on γ-H2AX focus frequency and gene expression changes, did not show any correlation with measured ESD. Patients undergoing interventional procedures receive considerable radiation doses, resulting in DNA damage and altered gene expression. Medical procedures should be carried out using the lowest radiation doses possible without compromising treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shangamithra Visweswaran
- Department of Human Genetics, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research (Deemed to be University), Porur, Chennai, 600116, India
| | - Santhosh Joseph
- Department of Neuro-Radiology, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research (Deemed to be University), Porur, Chennai, 600116, India
| | - Jagadeesan Dhanasekaran
- Department of Neuro-Radiology, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research (Deemed to be University), Porur, Chennai, 600116, India
| | - S Paneerselvam
- Department of Neuro-Radiology, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research (Deemed to be University), Porur, Chennai, 600116, India
| | - O Annalakshmi
- Radiation Safety Division Unit, Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research (IGCAR), Kalpakkam, 603102, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - M T Jose
- Radiation Safety Division Unit, Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research (IGCAR), Kalpakkam, 603102, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Venkatachalam Perumal
- Department of Human Genetics, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research (Deemed to be University), Porur, Chennai, 600116, India.
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Bryant J, White L, Coen N, Shields L, McClean B, Meade AD, Lyng FM, Howe O. MicroRNA Analysis of ATM-Deficient Cells Indicate PTEN and CCDN1 as Potential Biomarkers of Radiation Response. Radiat Res 2020; 193:520-530. [PMID: 32216710 DOI: 10.1667/rr15462.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Genetic and epigenetic profile changes associated with individual radiation sensitivity are well documented and have led to enhanced understanding of the mechanisms of the radiation-induced DNA damage response. However, the search continues to identify reliable biomarkers of individual radiation sensitivity. Herein, we report on a multi-biomarker approach using traditional cytogenetic biomarkers, DNA damage biomarkers and transcriptional microRNA (miR) biomarkers coupled with their potential gene targets to identify radiosensitivity in ataxia-telangiectasia mutated (ATM)-deficient lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCL); ATM-proficient cell lines were used as controls. Cells were 0.05 and 0.5 Gy irradiated, using a linear accelerator, with sham-irradiated cells as controls. At 1 h postirradiation, cells were fixed for γ-H2AX analysis as a measurement of DNA damage, and cytogenetic analysis using the G2 chromosomal sensitivity assay, G-banding and FISH techniques. RNA was also isolated for genetic profiling by microRNA (miR) and RT-PCR analysis. A panel of 752 miR were analyzed, and potential target genes, phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) and cyclin D1 (CCND1), were measured. The cytogenetic assays revealed that although the control cell line had functional cell cycle checkpoints, the radiosensitivity of the control and AT cell lines were similar. Analysis of DNA damage in all cell lines, including an additional control cell line, showed elevated γ-H2AX levels for only one AT cell line. Of the 752 miR analyzed, eight miR were upregulated, and six miR were downregulated in the AT cells compared to the control. Upregulated miR-152-3p, miR-24-5p and miR-92-15p and all downregulated miR were indicated as modulators of PTEN and CCDN1. Further measurement of both genes validated their potential role as radiation-response biomarkers. The multi-biomarker approach not only revealed potential candidates for radiation response, but provided additional mechanistic insights into the response in AT-deficient cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane Bryant
- Radiation and Environmental Science Centre (RESC), FOCAS Research Institute
| | - Lisa White
- Radiation and Environmental Science Centre (RESC), FOCAS Research Institute.,School of Biological and Health Sciences, Technological University Dublin, City Campus, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Natasha Coen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Division of Cytogenetics, Our Lady's Children's Hospital, Crumlin, Dublin 12, Ireland
| | - Laura Shields
- Medical Physics Department, St Luke's Radiation Oncology Centre, Rathgar, Dublin 6, Ireland
| | - Brendan McClean
- Medical Physics Department, St Luke's Radiation Oncology Centre, Rathgar, Dublin 6, Ireland
| | - Aidan D Meade
- Radiation and Environmental Science Centre (RESC), FOCAS Research Institute.,School of Physics & Clinical & Optometric Sciences, Technological University Dublin, City Campus, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Fiona M Lyng
- Radiation and Environmental Science Centre (RESC), FOCAS Research Institute.,School of Physics & Clinical & Optometric Sciences, Technological University Dublin, City Campus, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Orla Howe
- Radiation and Environmental Science Centre (RESC), FOCAS Research Institute.,School of Biological and Health Sciences, Technological University Dublin, City Campus, Dublin 8, Ireland
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Ainsbury EA. The 2019 Bo Lindell Laureate Lecture: On the use of interdisciplinary, stakeholder-driven, radiation protection research in support of medical uses of ionising radiation. Ann ICRP 2020; 49:32-44. [PMID: 32907341 DOI: 10.1177/0146645320946629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Medical exposures form the largest manmade contributor to total ionising radiation exposure of the UK population. In recent years, new technologies have been developed to improve treatment and prognosis of individuals treated with radiation for diseases such as cancer. However, there is evidence of public, patient, and medical professional concern that radiation protection regulations and practices, as well as understanding of potential long-term adverse health effects of radiation exposure (in the context of other health risks), have not always 'kept pace' with technological developments in this field. This is a truly complex, multi-disciplinary problem for the modern world.The 'Radiation Theme' of the Public Health England and Newcastle University Health Protection Research Unit on 'Chemical and Radiation Threats and Hazards' is addressing this need, with a key focus on a genuinely interdisciplinary approach bringing together world-leading epidemiologists, radiation biologists, clinicians, statisticians, and artists. In addition, the project has a strong grounding in public, patient, and medical professional involvement in research. Similarly, the EU-CONCERT-funded LDLensRad project seeks to understand the mechanisms of action of low-dose ionising radiation in the lens of the eye, and the potential contribution to the development of cataract - in contemporary research, such projects will only be considered successful when they make use of expertise from a variety of fields and when they are able to demonstrate that the outputs are not only of benefit to society, but that society understands and welcomes the benefits. Finally, successful engagement, training, and retention of early career scientists within this field is crucial for sustainability of the research. Herein, the contribution of embedded interdisciplinary working, stakeholder involvement, and training of early career scientists to recent advancements in the field of medical (and wider) radiation protection research is discussed and considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- E A Ainsbury
- Public Health England Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards, Chilton, Didcot, Oxford OX11 0RQ, UK; e-mail:
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Olofsson D, Cheng L, Fernández RB, Płódowska M, Riego ML, Akuwudike P, Lisowska H, Lundholm L, Wojcik A. Biological effectiveness of very high gamma dose rate and its implication for radiological protection. RADIATION AND ENVIRONMENTAL BIOPHYSICS 2020; 59:451-460. [PMID: 32488310 PMCID: PMC7368856 DOI: 10.1007/s00411-020-00852-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Many experimental studies are carried out to compare biological effectiveness of high dose rate (HDR) with that of low dose rate (LDR). The rational for this is the uncertainty regarding the value of the dose rate effectiveness factor (DREF) used in radiological protection. While a LDR is defined as 0.1 mGy/min or lower, anything above that is seen as HDR. In cell and animal experiments, a dose rate around 1 Gy/min is usually used as representative for HDR. However, atomic bomb survivors, the reference cohort for radiological protection, were exposed to tens of Gy/min. The important question is whether gamma radiation delivered at very high dose rate (VHDR-several Gy/min) is more effective in inducing DNA damage than that delivered at HDR. The aim of this investigation was to compare the biological effectiveness of gamma radiation delivered at VHDR (8.25 Gy/min) with that of HDR (0.38 Gy/min or 0.79 Gy/min). Experiments were carried out with human peripheral mononuclear cells (PBMC) and the human osteosarcoma cell line U2OS. Endpoints related to DNA damage response were analysed. The results show that in PBMC, VHDR is more effective than HDR in inducing gene expression and micronuclei. In U2OS cells, the repair of 53BP1 foci was delayed after VHDR indicating a higher level of damage complexity, but no VHDR effect was observed at the level of micronuclei and clonogenic cell survival. We suggest that the DREF value may be underestimated when the biological effectiveness of HDR and LDR is compared.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dante Olofsson
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Centre for Radiation Protection Research, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Svante Arrhenius väg 20C, 106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lei Cheng
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Centre for Radiation Protection Research, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Svante Arrhenius väg 20C, 106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Rubén Barrios Fernández
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Centre for Radiation Protection Research, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Svante Arrhenius väg 20C, 106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Magdalena Płódowska
- Department of Radiobiology and Immunology, Institute of Biology, Jan Kochanowski University, Kielce, Poland
| | - Milagrosa López Riego
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Centre for Radiation Protection Research, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Svante Arrhenius väg 20C, 106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Pamela Akuwudike
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Centre for Radiation Protection Research, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Svante Arrhenius väg 20C, 106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Halina Lisowska
- Department of Radiobiology and Immunology, Institute of Biology, Jan Kochanowski University, Kielce, Poland
| | - Lovisa Lundholm
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Centre for Radiation Protection Research, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Svante Arrhenius väg 20C, 106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Andrzej Wojcik
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Centre for Radiation Protection Research, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Svante Arrhenius väg 20C, 106 91, Stockholm, Sweden.
- Department of Radiobiology and Immunology, Institute of Biology, Jan Kochanowski University, Kielce, Poland.
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Overcoming challenges in human saliva gene expression measurements. Sci Rep 2020; 10:11147. [PMID: 32636420 PMCID: PMC7341869 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-67825-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Saliva, as a non-invasive and easily accessible biofluid, has been shown to contain RNA biomarkers for prediction and diagnosis of several diseases. However, systematic analysis done by our group identified two problematic issues not coherently described before: (1) most of the isolated RNA originates from the oral microbiome and (2) the amount of isolated human RNA is comparatively low. The degree of bacterial contamination showed ratios up to 1:900,000, so that only about one out of 900,000 RNA copies was of human origin, but the RNA quality (average RIN 6.7 + /− 0.8) allowed for qRT-PCR. Using 12 saliva samples from healthy donors, we modified the methodology to (1) select only human RNA during cDNA synthesis by aiming at the poly(A)+-tail and (2) introduced a pre-amplification of human RNA before qRT-PCR. Further, the manufacturer’s criteria for successful pre-amplification (Ct values ≤ 35 for unamplified cDNA) had to be replaced by (3) proofing linear pre-amplification for each gene, thus, increasing the number of evaluable samples up to 70.6%. When considering theses three modifications unbiased gene expression analysis on human salivary RNA can be performed.
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Kaatsch HL, Majewski M, Schrock G, Obermair R, Seidel J, Nestler K, Abend M, Waldeck S, Port M, Ullmann R, Becker BV. CT Irradiation-induced Changes of Gene Expression within Peripheral Blood Cells. HEALTH PHYSICS 2020; 119:44-51. [PMID: 32167501 DOI: 10.1097/hp.0000000000001231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Computed tomography (CT) is a crucial element of medical imaging diagnostics. The widespread application of this technology has made CT one of the major contributors to medical radiation burden, despite the fact that doses per individual CT scan steadily decrease due to the advancement of technology. Epidemiological risk assessment of CT exposure is hampered by the fact that moderate adverse effects triggered by low doses of CT exposure are likely masked by statistical fluctuations. In light of these limitations, there is need of further insights into the biological processes induced by CT scans to complement the existing knowledge base of risk assessment. This prompted us to investigate the early transcriptomic response of ex vivo irradiated peripheral blood of three healthy individuals. Samples were irradiated employing a modern dual-source-CT-scanner with a tube voltage of 150 kV, resulting in an estimated effective dose of 9.6 mSv. RNA was isolated 1 h and 6 h after exposure, respectively, and subsequently analyzed by RNA deep sequencing. Differential gene expression analysis revealed shared upregulation of AEN, FDXR, and DDB2 6 h after exposure in all three probands. All three genes have previously been discussed as radiation responsive genes and have already been implicated in DNA damage response and cell cycle control after DNA damage. In summary, we substantiated the usefulness of AEN, FDXR, and DDB2 as RNA markers of low dose irradiation. Moreover, the upregulation of genes associated with DNA damage reminds one of the genotoxic nature of CT diagnostics even with the low doses currently applied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanns Leonhard Kaatsch
- Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology affiliated to the University of Ulm, Neuherbergstrasse 11, 80937, Munich, Germany
| | - Matthäus Majewski
- Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology affiliated to the University of Ulm, Neuherbergstrasse 11, 80937, Munich, Germany
| | - Gerrit Schrock
- Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology affiliated to the University of Ulm, Neuherbergstrasse 11, 80937, Munich, Germany
| | - Richard Obermair
- Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology affiliated to the University of Ulm, Neuherbergstrasse 11, 80937, Munich, Germany
| | - Jillyen Seidel
- Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology affiliated to the University of Ulm, Neuherbergstrasse 11, 80937, Munich, Germany
| | - Kai Nestler
- Bundeswehr Central Hospital Koblenz, Department of Radiology, Rübenacher Straße 170, 56072 Koblenz, Germany
| | - Michael Abend
- Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology affiliated to the University of Ulm, Neuherbergstrasse 11, 80937, Munich, Germany
| | - Stephan Waldeck
- Bundeswehr Central Hospital Koblenz, Department of Radiology, Rübenacher Straße 170, 56072 Koblenz, Germany
| | - Matthias Port
- Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology affiliated to the University of Ulm, Neuherbergstrasse 11, 80937, Munich, Germany
| | - Reinhard Ullmann
- Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology affiliated to the University of Ulm, Neuherbergstrasse 11, 80937, Munich, Germany
| | - Benjamin Valentin Becker
- Bundeswehr Central Hospital Koblenz, Department of Radiology, Rübenacher Straße 170, 56072 Koblenz, Germany
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57
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Frey B, Mika J, Jelonek K, Cruz-Garcia L, Roelants C, Testard I, Cherradi N, Lumniczky K, Polozov S, Napieralska A, Widlak P, Gaipl US, Badie C, Polanska J, Candéias SM. Systemic modulation of stress and immune parameters in patients treated for prostate adenocarcinoma by intensity-modulated radiation therapy or stereotactic ablative body radiotherapy. Strahlenther Onkol 2020; 196:1018-1033. [PMID: 32519025 PMCID: PMC7581573 DOI: 10.1007/s00066-020-01637-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Background In this exploratory study, the impact of local irradiation on systemic changes in stress and immune parameters was investigated in eight patients treated with intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) or stereotactic ablative body radiotherapy (SABR) for prostate adenocarcinoma to gain deeper insights into how radiotherapy (RT) modulates the immune system. Patients and methods RT-qPCR, flow cytometry, metabolomics, and antibody arrays were used to monitor a panel of stress- and immune-related parameters before RT, after the first fraction (SABR) or the first week of treatment (IMRT), after the last fraction, and 3 weeks later in the blood of IMRT (N = 4) or SABR (N = 4) patients. Effect size analysis was used for comparison of results at different timepoints. Results Several parameters were found to be differentially modulated in IMRT and SABR patients: the expression of TGFB1, IL1B, and CCL3 genes; the expression of HLA-DR on circulating monocytes; the abundance and ratio of phosphatidylcholine and lysophosphatidylcholine metabolites in plasma. More immune modulators in plasma were modulated during IMRT than SABR, with only two common proteins, namely GDF-15 and Tim‑3. Conclusion Locally delivered RT induces systemic modulation of the immune system in prostate adenocarcinoma patients. IMRT and SABR appear to specifically affect distinct immune components. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s00066-020-01637-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Frey
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054, Erlangen, Bavaria, Germany
| | - J Mika
- Department of Data Science and Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, 44-100, Gliwice, Poland
| | - K Jelonek
- Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Gliwice Branch, 44-102, Gliwice, Poland
| | - L Cruz-Garcia
- Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards, Cancers Mechanisms and Biomarkers group, Public Health England, Chilton, OX11 ORQ, Didcot, Oxfordshire, UK
| | | | - I Testard
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, IRIG-LCBM-UMR5249, 38054, Grenoble, France
| | - N Cherradi
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, INSERM, CEA, IRIG-BCI-UMR_S1036, 38054, Grenoble, France
| | - K Lumniczky
- National Public Health Center, 1097, Budapest, Hungary
| | - S Polozov
- Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards, Cancers Mechanisms and Biomarkers group, Public Health England, Chilton, OX11 ORQ, Didcot, Oxfordshire, UK
- HQ Science Limited, 5 The Quay, PE27 5AR, St. Ives, Cambridgeshire, United Kingdom
| | - A Napieralska
- Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Gliwice Branch, 44-102, Gliwice, Poland
| | - P Widlak
- Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Gliwice Branch, 44-102, Gliwice, Poland
| | - U S Gaipl
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054, Erlangen, Bavaria, Germany
| | - C Badie
- Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards, Cancers Mechanisms and Biomarkers group, Public Health England, Chilton, OX11 ORQ, Didcot, Oxfordshire, UK
| | - J Polanska
- Department of Data Science and Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, 44-100, Gliwice, Poland
| | - S M Candéias
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, IRIG-LCBM-UMR5249, 38054, Grenoble, France.
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Zhang J, Kong X, Zhang Y, Sun W, Wang J, Chen M, Chen X. FDXR regulates TP73 tumor suppressor via IRP2 to modulate aging and tumor suppression. J Pathol 2020; 251:284-296. [PMID: 32304229 DOI: 10.1002/path.5451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Revised: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Ferredoxin reductase (FDXR) is a mitochondrial flavoprotein that initiates electron transport from NADPH to several cytochromes P450 via two electron carriers, ferredoxin 1 (FDX1) and FDX2. FDXR is the sole ferredoxin reductase in humans and plays a critical role in steroidogenesis and biosynthesis of heme and iron-sulfur clusters. However, much less is known about the role of FDXR in cancer. Here, we show that FDXR plays a role in tumorigenesis by modulating expression of the tumor suppressor p73. By using genetically modified mouse models, we recently showed that mice deficient in either Fdxr or Trp73 had a shorter lifespan and were prone to spontaneous tumors as compared with wild-type (WT) mice. Interestingly, compound Trp73 +/- ;Fdxr +/- mice lived longer and developed fewer tumors when compared with Fdxr +/- or Trp73 +/- mice. Moreover, we found that cellular senescence was increased in Trp73 +/- and Fdxr +/- mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs), which was further increased in Trp73 +/- ;Fdxr +/- MEFs, as compared with that in WT MEFs. As FDXR is regulated by p73, we examined whether there was a feedback regulation between p73 and FDXR. Indeed, we found that Trp73 expression was decreased by loss of Fdxr in MEFs and that FDXR is required for p73 expression in multiple human cancer cell lines independent of p53. Mechanistically, we found that loss of FDXR, via FDX2, increased expression of iron-binding protein 2 (IRP2), which subsequently repressed TP73 mRNA stability. We also showed that TP73 transcript contained an iron response element in its 3'UTR, which was required for IRP2 to destabilize TP73 mRNA. Together, these data reveal a novel regulation of p73 by FDXR via IRP2 and that the FDXR-p73 axis plays a critical role in aging and tumor suppression. © 2020 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Zhang
- Comparative Oncology Laboratory, Schools of Veterinary Medicine and Medicine, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Xiangmudong Kong
- Comparative Oncology Laboratory, Schools of Veterinary Medicine and Medicine, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Yanhong Zhang
- Comparative Oncology Laboratory, Schools of Veterinary Medicine and Medicine, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Wenqiang Sun
- Comparative Oncology Laboratory, Schools of Veterinary Medicine and Medicine, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Jian Wang
- School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Mingyi Chen
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Xinbin Chen
- Comparative Oncology Laboratory, Schools of Veterinary Medicine and Medicine, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA, USA
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Vosoughi H, Azimian H, Khademi S, Rezaei AR, Najafi-Amiri M, Vaziri-Nezamdoost F, Bahreyni-Toossi MT. PHA stimulation may be useful for FDXR gene expression-based biodosimetry. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES 2020; 23:449-453. [PMID: 32489559 PMCID: PMC7239428 DOI: 10.22038/ijbms.2020.42350.9997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Nowadays, ionizing radiation (IR) has a significant contribution to the diagnostic and therapeutic medicine, and following that, health risks to individuals through unexpected exposure is greatly increased. Therefore, biological and molecular technology for estimation of dose (biodosimetry) is taken into consideration. In biodosimetry methods stimulation of cells to proliferation is routine to achieve more sensitivity of techniques. However, this concept has recently been challenged by new molecular methods such as gene expression analysis. This study aims to investigate the stimulation effects on gene expression biodosimetry. MATERIALS AND METHODS The blood samples were taken from15 patients who were irradiated by TC-99 MIBI, before radiopharmaceutical injection and 24 hr after injection. Lymphocytes were extracted immediately and activated by (phytohemagglutinin) PHA for 24 hr and XPA and FDXR expression levels were investigated by employing relative quantitative Real-Time PCR. RESULTS The results of this study show a significant increase in the FDXR expression level and a significant decrease in the XPA after stimulation of irradiated lymphocytes. Interestingly, a significant increasing trend in the FDXR expression level (at 0.05 significance level) following cell stimulation to the division was observed. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that the PHA activation role in gene expression-based biodosimetry is strongly depended on the target genes and the relevant protein pathways. Finally, cell stimulation looks to be useful for some specific genes, such as FDXR, due to the increasing trend in expression and improvement of sensitivity of gene expression-based biodosimetry method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Habibeh Vosoughi
- Department of Medical Physics, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hosein Azimian
- Medical Physics Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Sara Khademi
- Department of Radiology Technology, School of Paramedical Sciences, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Abdul-Rahim Rezaei
- Immunology Research Center, Inflammation and Inflammatory Diseases Division, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Maryam Najafi-Amiri
- Department of Medical Physics, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Kultova G, Tichy A, Rehulkova H, Myslivcova-Fucikova A. The hunt for radiation biomarkers: current situation. Int J Radiat Biol 2020; 96:370-382. [PMID: 31829779 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2020.1704909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: The possibility of a large-scale acute radiation exposure necessitates the development of new methods that could provide a rapid assessment of the doses received by individuals using high-throughput technologies. There is also a great interest in developing new biomarkers of dose exposure, which could be used in large molecular epidemiological studies in order to correlate estimated doses received and health effects. The goal of this review was to summarize current literature focused on biological dosimetry, namely radiation-responsive biomarkers.Methods: The studies involved in this review were thoroughly selected according to the determined criteria and PRISMA guidelines.Results: We described briefly recent advances in radiation genomics and metabolomics, giving particular emphasis to proteomic analysis. The majority of studies were performed on animal models (rats, mice, and non-human primates). They have provided much beneficial information, but the most relevant tests have been done on human (oncological) patients. By inspecting the radiaiton biodosimetry literate of the last 10 years, we identified a panel of candidate markers for each -omic approach involved.Conslusions: We reviewed different methodological approaches and various biological materials, which can be exploited for dose-effect prediction. The protein biomarkers from human plasma are ideal for this specific purpose. From a plethora of candidate markers, FDXR is a very promising transcriptomic candidate, and importantly this biomarker was also confirmed by some studies at protein level in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Kultova
- Department of Radiobiology, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defence, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.,Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Králové, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Ales Tichy
- Department of Radiobiology, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defence, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Helena Rehulkova
- Department of Radiobiology, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defence, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Alena Myslivcova-Fucikova
- Department of Radiobiology, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defence, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
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Ilienko IM, Bazyka DA, Golyarnyk NA, Zvarych LM, Shvayko LI, Bazyka KD. CHANGES IN GENE EXPRESSION ASSOCIATED WITH NON-CANCER EFFECTS OF THE CHORNOBYL CLEAN-UP WORKERS IN THE REMOTE PERIOD AFTER EXPOSURE. PROBLEMY RADIAT︠S︡IĬNOÏ MEDYT︠S︡YNY TA RADIOBIOLOHIÏ 2020; 25:456-477. [PMID: 33361854 DOI: 10.33145/2304-8336-2020-25-456-477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE to establish the connection of radiation-induced changes in gene expression with the realized pathology of the broncho-pulmonary and cardiovascular systems in Chornobyl clean-up workers. MATERIALS AND METHODS We examined 314 male Chornobyl clean-up workers (main group; age (58.94 ± 6.82) years(M ± SD); min 33, max 79 years; radiation dose (411.82 ± 625.41) mSv (M ± SD); min 1.74, max 3600 mSv) with various nosological forms of cardiovascular and broncho-pulmonary pathology (BPP) and 50 subjects of the controlgroup: age (50.50 ± 5.73) years (M ± SD); min 41, max 67 years. The relative level of BCL2, CDKN2A, CLSTN2, GSTM1,IFNG, IL1B, MCF2L, SERPINB9, STAT3, TERF1, TERF2, TERT, TNF, TP53, CCND1, CSF2, VEGFA genes expression was determined inperipheral blood leukocytes by real-time PCR (7900 HT Fast Real-Time PCR System (Applied Biosystems, USA)). The«gene-disease» association was determined on statistical models stratified separately for each disease and gene.Logistic regression was used to calculate the odds ratio. RESULTS Increased GSTM1 gene expression and no changes in angiogenesis-related VEGFA gene expression werefound in the main group of patients with coronary heart disease (CHD). It was established overexpression of TP53,VEGF and IFNG genes in the group of patients with arterial hypertension (AH). At combination of these diseases anincrease of expression of СSF2, TERF1, TERF2 genes was established. The detected changes demonstrate an activationof the antioxidative defense system in patients with CHD, while AH is associated with the expression of genes ofangiogenesis and immune inflammation. It was shown an increase in the expression of genes associated with apoptosis and kinase activity (BCL2, CLSTN2, CDKN2), immune inflammation (CSF2, IL1B, TNF) in Chornobyl clean-upworkers with BPP. Expression of TP53 and GSTM1 (gene, associated with the glutathione system) was significantlyupregulated in the group of individuals with chronic bronchitis, whereas in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, no increase was detected; the expression of SERPINB9 and MCF2L genes was downregulated. CONCLUSIONS Changes in the expression of genes, associated with the development of somatic pathology in theremote period after irradiation, in particular the genes of the immune response and inflammatory reactions CSF2,IFNG, IL1B, TNF; expression of genes that regulate cell proliferation, aging and apoptosis TP53, BCL2, MCF2L, CDKN2A,SERPINB9, TERF1, TERF2, TERT; genes that regulate cell adhesion and angiogenesis CLSTN2, VEGF.
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Affiliation(s)
- I M Ilienko
- State Institution «National Research Center for Radiation Medicine of the National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine», 53 Yuriia Illienka St., Kyiv, 04050, Ukraine
| | - D A Bazyka
- State Institution «National Research Center for Radiation Medicine of the National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine», 53 Yuriia Illienka St., Kyiv, 04050, Ukraine
| | - N A Golyarnyk
- State Institution «National Research Center for Radiation Medicine of the National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine», 53 Yuriia Illienka St., Kyiv, 04050, Ukraine
| | - L M Zvarych
- State Institution «National Research Center for Radiation Medicine of the National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine», 53 Yuriia Illienka St., Kyiv, 04050, Ukraine
| | - L I Shvayko
- State Institution «National Research Center for Radiation Medicine of the National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine», 53 Yuriia Illienka St., Kyiv, 04050, Ukraine
| | - K D Bazyka
- State Institution «National Research Center for Radiation Medicine of the National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine», 53 Yuriia Illienka St., Kyiv, 04050, Ukraine
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Polozov S, Cruz-Garcia L, Badie C. RAPID GENE EXPRESSION BASED DOSE ESTIMATION FOR RADIOLOGICAL EMERGENCIES. RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY 2019; 186:24-30. [PMID: 31137037 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncz053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Revised: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Gene expression (GE) assays have shown great potential for rapid individual radiation dose exposure assessment. The aim of the present study was to optimise GE-based biological dosimetry protocols for radiological emergencies. Experiments were carried out to validate a newly developed protocol (P2) where several steps were optimised and to compare it with the current validated protocol in place in our laboratory (P1). Several donor blood samples from were exposed ex vivo to of the following doses: 0, 0.5, 1, 2 Gy X-rays. Concomitant measurement of transcription level of genes FDXR, P21, PHPT1, CCNG1 and SESN1 plus HPRT (control) was performed. To summarise, both protocols provided similar dose estimates, P1 being completed in 7 hours while P2 in merely 4 hours. Thus, a significant time shortening was achieved leading to a potential increase of throughput capacity. Hence, this new protocol can be recommended for mass radiation casualties triage purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanislav Polozov
- Grigoriev Institute for Medical Radiology, Kharkiv, Ukraine
- Cancer Mechanisms and Biomarkers Group, Radiation Effects Department, Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards, Public Health England, Didcot OX11 ORQ, UK
| | - Lourdes Cruz-Garcia
- Cancer Mechanisms and Biomarkers Group, Radiation Effects Department, Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards, Public Health England, Didcot OX11 ORQ, UK
| | - Christophe Badie
- Cancer Mechanisms and Biomarkers Group, Radiation Effects Department, Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards, Public Health England, Didcot OX11 ORQ, UK
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63
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Vinnikov V, Belyakov O. CLINICAL APPLICATIONS OF BIOMARKERS OF RADIATION EXPOSURE: LIMITATIONS AND POSSIBLE SOLUTIONS THROUGH COORDINATED RESEARCH. RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY 2019; 186:3-8. [PMID: 30916766 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncz038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Revised: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Dosimetric biomarkers have been effectively and intensively used for a long time in the area of radiation protection. In contrast to that, no robust standards or widely accepted protocols for application of these end-points in radiotherapy, diagnostic and interventional radiology and nuclear medicine exist to date. The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) organized the review of the available data on the possibilities of the use of dosimetric biomarkers in medical irradiation scenarios. The resultant Technical Report also contains a summary of identified problems, gaps in knowledge, limitations in methodology and recommendations for their overcoming. This work provided a conceptual background for the initiation of a new IAEA Coordinated Research Project E35010, MEDBIODOSE (2017-21), which is aimed specifically at the development and improvement of applications of biodosimetric markers in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Volodymyr Vinnikov
- Grigoriev Institute for Medical Radiology of the National Academy of Medical Science of Ukraine, Pushkinskaya St. 82, Kharkiv 61024, Ukraine
| | - Oleg Belyakov
- The International Atomic Energy Agency, P.O. Box 100, Wagramerstrasse 5, Vienna, Austria
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64
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Impact of ATM and DNA-PK Inhibition on Gene Expression and Individual Response of Human Lymphocytes to Mixed Beams of Alpha Particles and X-Rays. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11122013. [PMID: 31847107 PMCID: PMC6966634 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11122013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggests a synergistic effect in cells simultaneously exposed to different types of clustered and dispersed DNA damage. We aimed to analyse the effect of mixed beams of alpha particles and X-rays (1:1 dose of each) on DNA damage response genes in human peripheral blood lymphocytes isolated from four donors. Two donors were compared upon inhibition of ATM or DNA-PK and at different sampling times. qPCR was used to measure mRNA levels of FDXR, GADD45A, BBC3, MDM2, CDKN1A, and XPC 24 h following exposure. Generally, alpha particles and mixed beams were stronger inducers of gene expression compared to X-rays, displaying saturated versus linear dose–response curves, respectively. Three out of four donors responded synergistically to mixed beams. When two donors were sampled again one year later, the former additive effect in one donor was now synergistic and no significant difference in intrinsic radiosensitivity was displayed, as determined by gamma-radiation-induced micronuclei. ATM, but not DNA-PK inhibition, reduced the radiation-induced gene expression, but differently for alpha radiation between the two donors. In conclusion, synergy was present for all donors, but the results suggest individual variability in the response to mixed beams, most likely due to lifestyle changes.
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65
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Cruz-Garcia L, O'Brien G, Sipos B, Mayes S, Love MI, Turner DJ, Badie C. Generation of a Transcriptional Radiation Exposure Signature in Human Blood Using Long-Read Nanopore Sequencing. Radiat Res 2019; 193:143-154. [PMID: 31829904 DOI: 10.1667/rr15476.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In the event of a large-scale event leading to acute ionizing radiation exposure, high-throughput methods would be required to assess individual dose estimates for triage purposes. Blood-based gene expression is a broad source of biomarkers of radiation exposure which have great potential for providing rapid dose estimates for a large population. Time is a crucial component in radiological emergencies and the shipment of blood samples to relevant laboratories presents a concern. In this study, we performed nanopore sequencing analysis to determine if the technology can be used to detect radiation-inducible genes in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). The technology offers not only long-read sequencing but also a portable device which can overcome issues involving sample shipment, and provide faster results. For this goal, blood from nine healthy volunteers was 2 Gy ex vivo X irradiated. After PBMC isolation, irradiated samples were incubated along with the controls for 24 h at 37°C. RNA was extracted, poly(A)+ enriched and reverse-transcribed before sequencing. The data generated was analyzed using a Snakemake pipeline modified to handle paired samples. The sequencing analysis identified a radiation signature consisting of 46 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) which included 41 protein-coding genes, a long non-coding RNA and four pseudogenes, five of which have been identified as radiation-responsive transcripts for the first time. The genes in which transcriptional expression is most significantly modified after radiation exposure were APOBEC3H and FDXR, presenting a 25- and 28-fold change on average, respectively. These levels of transcriptional response were comparable to results we obtained by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) analysis. In vivo exposure analyses showed a transcriptional radioresponse at 24 h postirradiation for both genes together with a strong dose-dependent response in blood irradiated ex vivo. Finally, extrapolating from the data we obtained, the minimum sequencing time required to detect an irradiated sample using APOBEC3H transcripts would be less than 3 min for a total of 50,000 reads. Future improvements, in sample processing and bioinformatic pipeline for specific radiation-responsive transcript identification, will allow the provision of a portable, rapid, real-time biodosimetry platform based on this new sequencing technology. In summary, our data show that nanopore sequencing can identify radiation-responsive genes and can also be used for identification of new transcripts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lourdes Cruz-Garcia
- Cancer Mechanisms and Biomarkers Group, Radiation Effects Department, Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards Public Health England Chilton, Didcot, OX11 ORQ United Kingdom
| | - Grainne O'Brien
- Cancer Mechanisms and Biomarkers Group, Radiation Effects Department, Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards Public Health England Chilton, Didcot, OX11 ORQ United Kingdom
| | - Botond Sipos
- Oxford Nanopore Technologies, OX4 4DQ, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Simon Mayes
- Oxford Nanopore Technologies, OX4 4DQ, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Michael I Love
- Departments of Biostatistics.,Departments of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27516
| | - Daniel J Turner
- Oxford Nanopore Technologies, OX4 4DQ, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Christophe Badie
- Cancer Mechanisms and Biomarkers Group, Radiation Effects Department, Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards Public Health England Chilton, Didcot, OX11 ORQ United Kingdom
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Palumbo E, Piotto C, Calura E, Fasanaro E, Groff E, Busato F, El Khouzai B, Rigo M, Baggio L, Romualdi C, Zafiropoulos D, Russo A, Mognato M, Corti L. Individual Radiosensitivity in Oncological Patients: Linking Adverse Normal Tissue Reactions and Genetic Features. Front Oncol 2019; 9:987. [PMID: 31632918 PMCID: PMC6779824 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.00987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Adverse effects of radiotherapy (RT) significantly affect patient's quality of life (QOL). The possibility to identify patient-related factors that are associated with individual radiosensitivity would optimize adjuvant RT treatment, limiting the severity of normal tissue reactions, and improving patient's QOL. In this study, we analyzed the relationships between genetic features and toxicity grading manifested by RT patients looking for possible biomarkers of individual radiosensitivity. Methods: Early radiation toxicity was evaluated on 143 oncological patients according to the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE). An individual radiosensitivity (IRS) index defining four classes of radiosensitivity (highly radiosensitive, radiosensitive, normal, and radioresistant) was determined by a G2-chromosomal assay on ex vivo irradiated, patient-derived blood samples. The expression level of 15 radioresponsive genes has been measured by quantitative real-time PCR at 24 h after the first RT fraction, in blood samples of a subset of 57 patients, representing the four IRS classes. Results: By applying univariate and multivariate statistical analyses, we found that fatigue was significantly associated with IRS index. Interestingly, associations were detected between clinical radiation toxicity and gene expression (ATM, CDKN1A, FDXR, SESN1, XPC, ZMAT3, and BCL2/BAX ratio) and between IRS index and gene expression (BBC3, FDXR, GADD45A, and BCL2/BAX). Conclusions: In this prospective cohort study we found that associations exist between normal tissue reactions and genetic features in RT-treated patients. Overall, our findings can contribute to the identification of biological markers to predict RT toxicity in normal tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Palumbo
- Department of Radiotherapy, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, Padua, Italy
| | - Celeste Piotto
- Department of Radiotherapy, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, Padua, Italy
| | - Enrica Calura
- Department of Biology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Elena Fasanaro
- Department of Radiotherapy, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, Padua, Italy
| | - Elena Groff
- Department of Radiotherapy, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, Padua, Italy
| | - Fabio Busato
- Department of Radiotherapy, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, Padua, Italy
| | - Badr El Khouzai
- Department of Radiotherapy, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, Padua, Italy
| | - Michele Rigo
- Department of Radiotherapy, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, Padua, Italy
| | - Laura Baggio
- Department of Radiotherapy, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, Padua, Italy
| | | | - Demetre Zafiropoulos
- National Laboratories of Legnaro, Italian Institute of Nuclear Physics (LNL-INFN), Padua, Italy
| | - Antonella Russo
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | | | - Luigi Corti
- Department of Radiotherapy, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, Padua, Italy
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Ostheim P, Haupt J, Herodin F, Valente M, Drouet M, Majewski M, Port M, Abend M. miRNA Expression Patterns Differ by Total- or Partial-Body Radiation Exposure in Baboons. Radiat Res 2019; 192:579-588. [DOI: 10.1667/rr15450.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- P. Ostheim
- Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology, Munich, Germany
| | - J. Haupt
- Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology, Munich, Germany
| | - F. Herodin
- Institut de Recherche Biomedicale des Armees, Bretigny-sur-Orge, France
| | - M. Valente
- Institut de Recherche Biomedicale des Armees, Bretigny-sur-Orge, France
| | - M. Drouet
- Institut de Recherche Biomedicale des Armees, Bretigny-sur-Orge, France
| | - M. Majewski
- Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology, Munich, Germany
| | - M. Port
- Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology, Munich, Germany
| | - M. Abend
- Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology, Munich, Germany
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68
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Radiotherapy-Induced Changes in the Systemic Immune and Inflammation Parameters of Head and Neck Cancer Patients. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11091324. [PMID: 31500214 PMCID: PMC6770727 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11091324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Revised: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Though radiotherapy is a local therapy, it has systemic effects mainly influencing immune and inflammation processes. This has important consequences in the long-term prognosis and therapy individualization. Our objective was to investigate immune and inflammation-related changes in the peripheral blood of head and neck cancer patients treated with radiotherapy. Peripheral blood cells, plasma and blood cell-derived RNA were isolated from 23 patients before and at two time points after radiotherapy and cellular immune parameters, plasma protein changes and gene expression alterations were studied. Increased regulatory T cells and increased CTLA4 and PD-1 expression on CD4 cells indicated an immune suppression induced by the malignant condition, which was accentuated by radiotherapy. Circulating dendritic cells were strongly elevated before treatment and were not affected by radiotherapy. Decreased endoglin levels in the plasma of patients before treatment were further decreased by radiotherapy. Expression of the FXDR, SESN1, GADD45, DDB2 and MDM2 radiation-response genes were altered in the peripheral blood cells of patients after radiotherapy. All changes were long-lasting, detectable one month after radiotherapy. In conclusion we demonstrated radiotherapy-induced changes in systemic immune parameters of head and neck cancer patients and proposed markers suitable for patient stratification worth investigating in larger patient cohorts.
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69
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Li S, Lu X, Feng JB, Tian M, Wang J, Chen H, Chen DQ, Liu QJ. Developing Gender-Specific Gene Expression Biodosimetry Using a Panel of Radiation-Responsive Genes for Determining Radiation Dose in Human Peripheral Blood. Radiat Res 2019; 192:399-409. [DOI: 10.1667/rr15355.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Li
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Radiological Protection and Nuclear Emergency, National Institute for Radiological Protection, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100088, China
| | - Xue Lu
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Radiological Protection and Nuclear Emergency, National Institute for Radiological Protection, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100088, China
| | - Jiang-Bin Feng
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Radiological Protection and Nuclear Emergency, National Institute for Radiological Protection, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100088, China
| | - Mei Tian
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Radiological Protection and Nuclear Emergency, National Institute for Radiological Protection, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100088, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, 307 Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Hu Chen
- Department of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, 307 Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - De-Qing Chen
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Radiological Protection and Nuclear Emergency, National Institute for Radiological Protection, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100088, China
| | - Qing-Jie Liu
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Radiological Protection and Nuclear Emergency, National Institute for Radiological Protection, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100088, China
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Visweswaran S, Joseph S, S VH, O A, Jose M, Perumal V. DNA damage and gene expression changes in patients exposed to low-dose X-radiation during neuro-interventional radiology procedures. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2019; 844:54-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2019.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Revised: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Gomolka M, Blyth B, Bourguignon M, Badie C, Schmitz A, Talbot C, Hoeschen C, Salomaa S. Potential screening assays for individual radiation sensitivity and susceptibility and their current validation state. Int J Radiat Biol 2019; 96:280-296. [PMID: 31347938 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2019.1642544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: The workshop on 'Individual Radiosensitivity and Radiosusceptibility' organized by MELODI and CONCERT on Malta in 2018, evaluated the current state of assays to identify sensitive and susceptible subgroups. The authors provide an overview on potential screening assays detecting individuals showing moderate to severe early and late radiation reactions or are at increased risk to develop cancer upon radiation exposure.Conclusion: It is necessary to separate clearly between tissue reactions and stochastic effects such as cancer when comparing the existing literature to validate various test systems. Requirements for the assays are set up. The literature is reviewed for assays that are reliable and robust. Sensitivity and specificity of the assays are regarded and scrutinized for modifying factors. Accuracy of an assay system is required to be more than 90% to balance risks of adverse reactions against risk to fail to cure the cancer. No assay/biomarker is in routine use. Assays that have shown predictive potential for radiosensitivity include SNPs, the RILA assay, and the pATM assay. A tree of risk guideline for radiologists is provided to assist medical treatment decisions. Recommendations for effective research include the setup of common retrospective and prospective cohorts/biobanks to validate current and future tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Gomolka
- Federal Office for Radiation Protection, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Benjamin Blyth
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - Christophe Badie
- Cancer Mechanisms and Biomarkers Group, Radiation Effects Department Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards Public Health England, Didcot, United Kingdom
| | - Annette Schmitz
- Institut de Radiobiologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire, Institut de Biologie François Jacob, Direction de la Recherche Fondamentale, CEA, Paris, France
| | - Christopher Talbot
- Department of Genetics and Genome Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Christoph Hoeschen
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, Institute for Medical Technology, Otto-von-Guericke-University, Magdeburg, Germany
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Zhang Y, Feng X, Zhang J, Chen M, Huang E, Chen X. Iron regulatory protein 2 is a suppressor of mutant p53 in tumorigenesis. Oncogene 2019; 38:6256-6269. [PMID: 31332290 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-019-0876-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2019] [Revised: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
p53 is known to play a role in iron homeostasis and is required for FDXR-mediated iron metabolism via iron regulatory protein 2 (IRP2). Interestingly, p53 is frequently mutated in tumors wherein iron is often accumulated, suggesting that mutant p53 may exert its gain of function by altering iron metabolism. In this study, we found that FDXR deficiency decreased mutant p53 expression along with altered iron metabolism in p53R270H/- MEFs and cancer cells carrying mutant p53. Consistently, we found that decreased expression of mutant p53 by FDXR deficiency inhibited mutant p53-R270H to induce carcinoma and high grade pleomorphic sarcoma in FDXR+/-; p53R270H/- mice as compared with p53R270H/- mice. Moreover, we found that like its effect on wild-type p53, loss of IRP2 increased mutant p53 expression. However, unlike its effect to suppress cell growth in cells carrying wild-type p53, loss of IRP2 promoted cell growth in cancer cells expressing mutant p53. Finally, we found that ectopic expression of IRP2 suppressed cell growth in a mutant p53-dependent manner. Together, our data indicate that mutant p53 gain-of-function can be suppressed by IRP2 and FDXR deficiency, both of which may be explored to target tumors carrying mutant p53.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhong Zhang
- Comparative Oncology Laboratory, Schools of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Xiuli Feng
- Comparative Oncology Laboratory, Schools of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Jin Zhang
- Comparative Oncology Laboratory, Schools of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Minyi Chen
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Eric Huang
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98104, USA
| | - Xinbin Chen
- Comparative Oncology Laboratory, Schools of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.
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Port M, Ostheim P, Majewski M, Voss T, Haupt J, Lamkowski A, Abend M. Rapid High-Throughput Diagnostic Triage after a Mass Radiation Exposure Event Using Early Gene Expression Changes. Radiat Res 2019; 192:208-218. [PMID: 31211643 DOI: 10.1667/rr15360.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Radiological exposure scenarios involving large numbers of people require a rapid and high-throughput method to identify the unexposed, and those exposed to low- and high-dose radiation. Those with high-dose exposure, e.g., >2 Gy and depending on host characteristics, may develop severe hematological acute radiation syndrome (HARS), requiring hospitalization and treatment. Previously, we identified a set of genes that discriminated these clinically relevant groups. In the current work, we examined the utility of gene expression changes to classify 1,000 split blood samples into HARS severity scores of H0, H1 and H2-4, with the latter indicating likely hospitalization. In several previous radiation dose experiments, we determined that these HARS categories corresponded, respectively, to doses of 0 Gy (unexposed), 0.5 Gy and 5 Gy. The main purpose of this work was to assess the rapidity of blood sample processing using targeted next-generation sequencing (NGS). Peripheral blood samples from two healthy donors were X-ray irradiated in vitro and incubated at 37°C for 24 h. A total of 1,000 samples were evaluated by laboratory personnel blinded to the radiation dose. Changes in gene expression of FDXR, DDB2, POU2AF1 and WNT3 were examined with qRT-PCR as positive controls. Targeted NGS (TREX) was used on all samples for the same four genes. Agreement using both methods was almost 78%. Using NGS, all 1,000 samples were processed within 30 h. Classification of the HARS severity categories corresponding to radiation dose had an overall agreement ranging between 90-97%. Depending on the end point, either a combination of all genes or FDXR alone (H0 HARS or unexposed) provided the best classification. Using this optimized automated methodology, we assessed 100× more samples approximately three times faster compared to standard cytogenetic studies. We showed that a small set of genes, rather than a complex constellation of genes, provided robust positive (97%) and negative (97%) predictive values for HARS categories and radiation doses of 0, 0.5 and 5 Gy. The findings of this study support the potential utility of early radiation-induced gene expression changes for high-throughput biodosimetry and rapid identification of irradiated persons in need of hospitalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Port
- a Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology, Munich, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Julian Haupt
- a Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology, Munich, Germany
| | - Andreas Lamkowski
- a Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology, Munich, Germany.,c Institute and Outpatient Clinic for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, AllergieZENTRUM, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Michael Abend
- a Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology, Munich, Germany
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Moreno-Villanueva M, Zhang Y, Feiveson A, Mistretta B, Pan Y, Chatterjee S, Wu W, Clanton R, Nelman-Gonzalez M, Krieger S, Gunaratne P, Crucian B, Wu H. Single-Cell RNA-Sequencing Identifies Activation of TP53 and STAT1 Pathways in Human T Lymphocyte Subpopulations in Response to Ex Vivo Radiation Exposure. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20092316. [PMID: 31083348 PMCID: PMC6539494 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20092316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Detrimental health consequences from exposure to space radiation are a major concern for long-duration human exploration missions to the Moon or Mars. Cellular responses to radiation are expected to be heterogeneous for space radiation exposure, where only high-energy protons and other particles traverse a fraction of the cells. Therefore, assessing DNA damage and DNA damage response in individual cells is crucial in understanding the mechanisms by which cells respond to different particle types and energies in space. In this project, we identified a cell-specific signature for radiation response by using single-cell transcriptomics of human lymphocyte subpopulations. We investigated gene expression in individual human T lymphocytes 3 h after ex vivo exposure to 2-Gy gamma rays while using the single-cell sequencing technique (10X Genomics). In the process, RNA was isolated from ~700 irradiated and ~700 non-irradiated control cells, and then sequenced with ~50 k reads/cell. RNA in each of the cells was distinctively barcoded prior to extraction to allow for quantification for individual cells. Principal component and clustering analysis of the unique molecular identifier (UMI) counts classified the cells into three groups or sub-types, which correspond to CD4+, naïve, and CD8+/NK cells. Gene expression changes after radiation exposure were evaluated using negative binomial regression. On average, BBC3, PCNA, and other TP53 related genes that are known to respond to radiation in human T cells showed increased activation. While most of the TP53 responsive genes were upregulated in all groups of cells, the expressions of IRF1, STAT1, and BATF were only upregulated in the CD4+ and naïve groups, but were unchanged in the CD8+/NK group, which suggests that the interferon-gamma pathway does not respond to radiation in CD8+/NK cells. Thus, single-cell RNA sequencing technique was useful for simultaneously identifying the expression of a set of genes in individual cells and T lymphocyte subpopulation after gamma radiation exposure. The degree of dependence of UMI counts between pairs of upregulated genes was also evaluated to construct a similarity matrix for cluster analysis. The cluster analysis identified a group of TP53-responsive genes and a group of genes that are involved in the interferon gamma pathway, which demonstrate the potential of this method for identifying previously unknown groups of genes with similar expression patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Moreno-Villanueva
- NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX 77058, USA.
- Human Performance Research Center, University of Konstanz, 78457 Konstanz, Germany.
| | - Ye Zhang
- NASA Kennedy Space Center, Cape Canaveral, FL 32899, USA.
| | | | - Brandon Mistretta
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA.
| | - Yinghong Pan
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA.
| | - Sujash Chatterjee
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA.
| | - Winston Wu
- Department of Computer Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA.
| | - Ryan Clanton
- NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX 77058, USA.
| | | | | | - Preethi Gunaratne
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA.
| | | | - Honglu Wu
- NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX 77058, USA.
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75
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Raavi V, Surendran J, Karthik K, Paul SFD, Thayalan K, Arunakaran J, Venkatachalam P. Measurement of γ-H2AX foci, miRNA-101, and gene expression as a means to quantify radiation-absorbed dose in cancer patients who had undergone radiotherapy. RADIATION AND ENVIRONMENTAL BIOPHYSICS 2019; 58:69-80. [PMID: 30467642 DOI: 10.1007/s00411-018-0767-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Radiological accidents and nuclear terrorism pose an increased threat to members of the public who, following such an event, would need to be assessed for medical care by fast triage. Assay methods such as chromosome aberrations (CA), cytokinesis-block micronucleus (CBMN) and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) techniques have been well established for dose estimation and their potential for handling more samples has also been proved with automation. However, culturing of lymphocytes is an inevitable step, which limits the potential of these markers for triage. In vitro analysis of gamma-H2AX (γ-H2AX), gene and microRNA (miRNA) markers do not require culturing of lymphocytes, and as such have been suggested as attractive tools for triage. Despite studies reporting in vitro dose-response curves, limited evidence is available evaluating the suitability of these assays in real situations. In this study, we have measured the absorbed dose using γ-H2AX, gene (GADD45A, FDXR, and CDKN1A) and miRNA-101 expression in blood samples of cancer patients (n = 20) who had undergone partial-body radiotherapy and compared with the derived equivalent whole-body doses (EWBD). The obtained results from all patients showed a significant (p < 0.05) increase of γ-H2AX foci in post-irradiated as compared to pre-irradiated samples. Moreover, estimated doses using γ-H2AX foci showed a correlation with the derived EWBD (r2 = 0.60, p = 0.0003) and was also shown to be dependent on the irradiated body volume. Consistent with γ-H2AX foci frequency, an increase in fold change expression of genes and miRNA-101 was observed. However, the estimated dose significantly varied among the subjects and showed poor correlation (r2 = 0.09, 0.04, 0.01 and 0.03 for GADD45A, FDXR, CDKN1A and miRNA-101, respectively) with EWBD. The overall results suggest that the established in vitro γ-H2AX assay is suitable for the detection of radiation exposure and can also provide an estimate of the dose in in vivo irradiated samples. The genes and miRNA-101 markers showed increased expression; nevertheless, there is a need for further improvements to measure doses accurately using these markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venkateswarlu Raavi
- Department of Human Genetics, Sri Ramachandra Medical College and Research Institute (Deemed to be University), Porur, Chennai, 600 116, India
| | - J Surendran
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Kamakshi Memorial Hospital, Pallikaranai, Chennai, 600 100, India
| | - K Karthik
- Department of Human Genetics, Sri Ramachandra Medical College and Research Institute (Deemed to be University), Porur, Chennai, 600 116, India
| | - Solomon F D Paul
- Department of Human Genetics, Sri Ramachandra Medical College and Research Institute (Deemed to be University), Porur, Chennai, 600 116, India
| | - K Thayalan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Kamakshi Memorial Hospital, Pallikaranai, Chennai, 600 100, India
| | - J Arunakaran
- Department of Endocrinology, Dr. ALM PGIBMS, University of Madras, Taramani, Chennai, 600 113, India
| | - Perumal Venkatachalam
- Department of Human Genetics, Sri Ramachandra Medical College and Research Institute (Deemed to be University), Porur, Chennai, 600 116, India.
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76
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Nie YH, Liu XD, Huang R, Xie DF, Yin WJ, Guan H, Yu ZJ, Zhou PK. Analysis of mRNA Expression Patterns in Peripheral Blood Cells of 3 Patients With Cancer After the First Fraction of 2 Gy Irradiation: An Integrated Case Report and Systematic Review. Dose Response 2019; 17:1559325819833474. [PMID: 30833875 PMCID: PMC6393837 DOI: 10.1177/1559325819833474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2018] [Revised: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Radiation therapy induces acute and chronic radiological toxicity, in particular hematological toxicity (HT). This study aimed to explore the mechanistic clue and potential predictors at the messenger RNA (mRNA) level. Materials and Methods Peripheral blood was collected from 3 patients with cervical cancer (CC), nasopharynx cancer (NC), and tongue cancer (TC) after the first 2 Gy fraction of radiotherapy (RT). High-throughput sequencing was used to assess mRNA profiles. Results Eleven genes, such as ALAS2(5-aminolevulinate synthase), SLC4A1(solute carrier family 4 member 1), HBG2(hemoglobin subunit gamma 2), TNFAIP3 (TNF α-induced protein 3), PER1 (period circadian clock 1), CCDC136 (coiled-coil domain containing 136), C9orf84 (chromosome 9 open reading frame 84), IL1B (interleukin 1β), FOSB (FosB protooncogene), NR4A2 (nuclear receptor subfamily 4), PARP15 (polymerase family member 15), had overlapping expression changes in all 3 cancers of which 3 (ALAS2, FOSB, and HBG2) are suggested as potential predictors for the early diagnosis of HT after RT. Conclusions ALAS2, FOSB, and HBG2 may be useful predictors of HT in patients after RT. Eleven overlapping expression mRNAs among 3 cancers might be potential predictors for early diagnosis of radiation toxicity in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue-Hua Nie
- Department of Tumor Radiotherapy, The First Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Xiao-Dan Liu
- Department of Radiation Biology, Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Ruixue Huang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Da-Fei Xie
- Department of Radiation Biology, Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Wen-Jun Yin
- Department of Tumor Radiotherapy, The First Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Hua Guan
- Department of Radiation Biology, Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Zi-Jian Yu
- Department of Tumor Radiotherapy, The First Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Ping-Kun Zhou
- Department of Radiation Biology, Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China.,Institute for Chemical Carcinogenesis, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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77
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Moquet J, Higueras M, Donovan E, Boyle S, Barnard S, Bricknell C, Sun M, Gothard L, O’Brien G, Cruz-Garcia L, Badie C, Ainsbury E, Somaiah N. Dicentric Dose Estimates for Patients Undergoing Radiotherapy in the RTGene Study to Assess Blood Dosimetric Models and the New Bayesian Method for Gradient Exposure. Radiat Res 2018; 190:596-604. [PMID: 30234457 PMCID: PMC6426678 DOI: 10.1667/rr15116.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The RTGene study was focused on the development and validation of new transcriptional biomarkers for prediction of individual radiotherapy patient responses to ionizing radiation. In parallel, for validation purposes, this study incorporated conventional biomarkers of radiation exposure, including the dicentric assay. Peripheral blood samples were taken with ethical approval and informed consent from a total of 20 patients undergoing external beam radiotherapy for breast, lung, gastrointestinal or genitourinary tumors. For the dicentric assay, two samples were taken from each patient: prior to radiotherapy and before the final fraction. Blood samples were set up using standard methods for the dicentric assay. All the baseline samples had dicentric frequencies consistent with the expected background for the normal population. For blood taken before the final fraction, all the samples displayed distributions of aberrations, which are indicative of partial-body exposures. Whole-body and partial-body cytogenetic doses were calculated with reference to a 250-kVp X-ray calibration curve and then compared to the dose to blood derived using two newly developed blood dosimetric models. Initial comparisons indicated that the relationship between these measures of dose appear very promising, with a correlation of 0.88 (P = 0.001). A new Bayesian zero-inflated Poisson finite mixture method was applied to the dicentric data, and partial-body dose estimates showed no significant difference (P > 0.999) from those calculated by the contaminated Poisson technique. The next step will be further development and validation in a larger patient group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayne Moquet
- Public Health England, Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards (PHE-CRCE), Chilton, Didcot, Oxford OX11 0RQ, United Kingdom
| | | | - Ellen Donovan
- Centre for Vision Speech and Signal Processing, University of Surrey, Guildford, GU2 7XH, United Kingdom
| | - Sue Boyle
- Institute of Cancer Research (ICR), Sutton, London SM2 5NG, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen Barnard
- Public Health England, Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards (PHE-CRCE), Chilton, Didcot, Oxford OX11 0RQ, United Kingdom
| | - Clare Bricknell
- Public Health England, Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards (PHE-CRCE), Chilton, Didcot, Oxford OX11 0RQ, United Kingdom
| | - Mingzhu Sun
- Public Health England, Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards (PHE-CRCE), Chilton, Didcot, Oxford OX11 0RQ, United Kingdom
| | - Lone Gothard
- Institute of Cancer Research (ICR), Sutton, London SM2 5NG, United Kingdom
| | - Grainne O’Brien
- Public Health England, Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards (PHE-CRCE), Chilton, Didcot, Oxford OX11 0RQ, United Kingdom
| | - Lourdes Cruz-Garcia
- Public Health England, Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards (PHE-CRCE), Chilton, Didcot, Oxford OX11 0RQ, United Kingdom
| | - Christophe Badie
- Public Health England, Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards (PHE-CRCE), Chilton, Didcot, Oxford OX11 0RQ, United Kingdom
| | - Elizabeth Ainsbury
- Public Health England, Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards (PHE-CRCE), Chilton, Didcot, Oxford OX11 0RQ, United Kingdom
| | - Navita Somaiah
- Institute of Cancer Research (ICR), Sutton, London SM2 5NG, United Kingdom
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78
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Macaeva E, Mysara M, De Vos WH, Baatout S, Quintens R. Gene expression-based biodosimetry for radiological incidents: assessment of dose and time after radiation exposure. Int J Radiat Biol 2018; 95:64-75. [PMID: 30247087 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2018.1511926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE In order to ensure efficient use of medical resources following a radiological incident, there is an urgent need for high-throughput time-efficient biodosimetry tools. In the present study, we tested the applicability of a gene expression signature for the prediction of exposure dose as well as the time elapsed since irradiation. MATERIALS AND METHODS We used whole blood samples from seven healthy volunteers as reference samples (X-ray doses: 0, 25, 50, 100, 500, 1000, and 2000 mGy; time points: 8, 12, 24, 36 and 48 h) and samples from seven other individuals as 'blind samples' (20 samples in total). RESULTS Gene expression values normalized to the reference gene without normalization to the unexposed controls were sufficient to predict doses with a correlation coefficient between the true and the predicted doses of 0.86. Importantly, we could also classify the samples according to the time since exposure with a correlation coefficient between the true and the predicted time point of 0.96. Because of the dynamic nature of radiation-induced gene expression, this feature will be of critical importance for adequate gene expression-based dose prediction in a real emergency situation. In addition, in this study we also compared different methodologies for RNA extraction available on the market and suggested the one most suitable for emergency situation which does not require on-spot availability of any specific reagents or equipment. CONCLUSIONS Our results represent an important advancement in the application of gene expression for biodosimetry purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellina Macaeva
- a Interdisciplinary Biosciences Group, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre, SCK•CEN, Mol , Belgium.,b Department of Molecular Biotechnology , Ghent University , Ghent , Belgium
| | - Mohamed Mysara
- a Interdisciplinary Biosciences Group, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre, SCK•CEN, Mol , Belgium
| | - Winnok H De Vos
- b Department of Molecular Biotechnology , Ghent University , Ghent , Belgium.,c Department of Veterinary Sciences , University of Antwerp , Belgium
| | - Sarah Baatout
- a Interdisciplinary Biosciences Group, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre, SCK•CEN, Mol , Belgium.,b Department of Molecular Biotechnology , Ghent University , Ghent , Belgium
| | - Roel Quintens
- a Interdisciplinary Biosciences Group, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre, SCK•CEN, Mol , Belgium
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79
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Candidate protein markers for radiation biodosimetry in the hematopoietically humanized mouse model. Sci Rep 2018; 8:13557. [PMID: 30202043 PMCID: PMC6131502 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-31740-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
After a radiological incident, there is an urgent need for fast and reliable bioassays to identify radiation-exposed individuals within the first week post exposure. This study aimed to identify candidate radiation-responsive protein biomarkers in human lymphocytes in vivo using humanized NOD scid gamma (Hu-NSG) mouse model. Three days after X-irradiation (0–2 Gy, 88 cGy/min), human CD45+ lymphocytes were collected from the Hu-NSG mouse spleen and quantitative changes in the proteome of the human lymphocytes were analysed by mass spectrometry. Forty-six proteins were differentially expressed in response to radiation exposure. FDXR, BAX, DDB2 and ACTN1 proteins were shown to have dose-dependent response with a fold change greater than 2. When these proteins were used to estimate radiation dose by linear regression, the combination of FDXR, ACTN1 and DDB2 showed the lowest mean absolute errors (≤0.13 Gy) and highest coefficients of determination (R2 = 0.96). Biomarker validation studies were performed in human lymphocytes 3 days after irradiation in vivo and in vitro. In conclusion, this is the first study to identify radiation-induced human protein signatures in vivo using the humanized mouse model and develop a protein panel which could be used for the rapid assessment of absorbed dose 3 days after radiation exposure.
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80
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Keam SP, Gulati T, Gamell C, Caramia F, Arnau GM, Huang C, Schittenhelm RB, Kleifeld O, Neeson PJ, Williams SG, Haupt Y. Biodosimetric transcriptional and proteomic changes are conserved in irradiated human tissue. RADIATION AND ENVIRONMENTAL BIOPHYSICS 2018; 57:241-249. [PMID: 29850926 DOI: 10.1007/s00411-018-0746-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2017] [Accepted: 05/27/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Transcriptional dosimetry is an emergent field of radiobiology aimed at developing robust methods for detecting and quantifying absorbed doses using radiation-induced fluctuations in gene expression. A combination of RNA sequencing, array-based and quantitative PCR transcriptomics in cellular, murine and various ex vivo human models has led to a comprehensive description of a fundamental set of genes with demonstrable dosimetric qualities. However, these are yet to be validated in human tissue due to the scarcity of in situ-irradiated source material. This represents a major hurdle to the continued development of transcriptional dosimetry. In this study, we present a novel evaluation of a previously reported set of dosimetric genes in human tissue exposed to a large therapeutic dose of radiation. To do this, we evaluated the quantitative changes of a set of dosimetric transcripts consisting of FDXR, BAX, BCL2, CDKN1A, DDB2, BBC3, GADD45A, GDF15, MDM2, SERPINE1, TNFRSF10B, PLK3, SESN2 and VWCE in guided pre- and post-radiation (2 weeks) prostate cancer biopsies from seven patients. We confirmed the prolonged dose-responsivity of most of these transcripts in in situ-irradiated tissue. BCL2, GDF15, and to some extent TNFRSF10B, were markedly unreliable single markers of radiation exposure. Nevertheless, as a full set, these genes reliably segregated non-irradiated and irradiated tissues and predicted radiation absorption on a patient-specific basis. We also confirmed changes in the translated protein product for a small subset of these dosimeters. This study provides the first confirmatory evidence of an existing dosimetric gene set in less-accessible tissues-ensuring peripheral responses reflect tissue-specific effects. Further work will be required to determine if these changes are conserved in different tissue types, post-radiation times and doses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon P Keam
- Tumor Suppression Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
| | - Twishi Gulati
- Tumor Suppression Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Cristina Gamell
- Tumor Suppression Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- The Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Franco Caramia
- Tumor Suppression Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Gisela Mir Arnau
- Molecular Genomics Facility, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Cheng Huang
- Monash Biomedical Proteomics Facility, Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Ralf B Schittenhelm
- Monash Biomedical Proteomics Facility, Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Oded Kleifeld
- The Smoler Proteomics Center Technion, Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Paul J Neeson
- The Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Cancer Immunology Research, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Clinical Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Scott G Williams
- Division of Radiation Oncology and Cancer Imaging, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Ygal Haupt
- Tumor Suppression Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- The Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Monash Biomedical Proteomics Facility, Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- Department of Clinical Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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81
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Lacombe J, Sima C, Amundson SA, Zenhausern F. Candidate gene biodosimetry markers of exposure to external ionizing radiation in human blood: A systematic review. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0198851. [PMID: 29879226 PMCID: PMC5991767 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0198851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To compile a list of genes that have been reported to be affected by external ionizing radiation (IR) and to assess their performance as candidate biomarkers for individual human radiation dosimetry. Methods Eligible studies were identified through extensive searches of the online databases from 1978 to 2017. Original English-language publications of microarray studies assessing radiation-induced changes in gene expression levels in human blood after external IR were included. Genes identified in at least half of the selected studies were retained for bio-statistical analysis in order to evaluate their diagnostic ability. Results 24 studies met the criteria and were included in this study. Radiation-induced expression of 10,170 unique genes was identified and the 31 genes that have been identified in at least 50% of studies (12/24 studies) were selected for diagnostic power analysis. Twenty-seven genes showed a significant Spearman’s correlation with radiation dose. Individually, TNFSF4, FDXR, MYC, ZMAT3 and GADD45A provided the best discrimination of radiation dose < 2 Gy and dose ≥ 2 Gy according to according to their maximized Youden’s index (0.67, 0.55, 0.55, 0.55 and 0.53 respectively). Moreover, 12 combinations of three genes display an area under the Receiver Operating Curve (ROC) curve (AUC) = 1 reinforcing the concept of biomarker combinations instead of looking for an ideal and unique biomarker. Conclusion Gene expression is a promising approach for radiation dosimetry assessment. A list of robust candidate biomarkers has been identified from analysis of the studies published to date, confirming for example the potential of well-known genes such as FDXR and TNFSF4 or highlighting other promising gene such as ZMAT3. However, heterogeneity in protocols and analysis methods will require additional studies to confirm these results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerome Lacombe
- Center for Applied NanoBioscience and Medicine, University of Arizona, Phoenix, Arizona, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Chao Sima
- Center for Bioinformatics and Genomic Systems Engineering, Texas A&M Engineering Experiment Station, College Station, TX, United States of America
| | - Sally A. Amundson
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Frederic Zenhausern
- Center for Applied NanoBioscience and Medicine, University of Arizona, Phoenix, Arizona, United States of America
- Honor Health Research Institute, Scottsdale, Arizona, United States of America
- Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, Arizona, United States of America
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82
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Tichy A, Kabacik S, O’Brien G, Pejchal J, Sinkorova Z, Kmochova A, Sirak I, Malkova A, Beltran CG, Gonzalez JR, Grepl J, Majewski M, Ainsbury E, Zarybnicka L, Vachelova J, Zavrelova A, Davidkova M, Markova Stastna M, Abend M, Pernot E, Cardis E, Badie C. The first in vivo multiparametric comparison of different radiation exposure biomarkers in human blood. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0193412. [PMID: 29474504 PMCID: PMC5825084 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0193412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2017] [Accepted: 02/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The increasing risk of acute large-scale radiological/nuclear exposures of population underlines the necessity of developing new, rapid and high throughput biodosimetric tools for estimation of received dose and initial triage. We aimed to compare the induction and persistence of different radiation exposure biomarkers in human peripheral blood in vivo. Blood samples of patients with indicated radiotherapy (RT) undergoing partial body irradiation (PBI) were obtained soon before the first treatment and then after 24 h, 48 h, and 5 weeks; i.e. after 1, 2, and 25 fractionated RT procedures. We collected circulating peripheral blood from ten patients with tumor of endometrium (1.8 Gy per fraction) and eight patients with tumor of head and neck (2.0–2.121 Gy per fraction). Incidence of dicentrics and micronuclei was monitored as well as determination of apoptosis and the transcription level of selected radiation-responsive genes. Since mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) has been reported to be a potential indicator of radiation damage in vitro, we also assessed mtDNA content and deletions by novel multiplex quantitative PCR. Cytogenetic data confirmed linear dose-dependent increase in dicentrics (p < 0.01) and micronuclei (p < 0.001) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells after PBI. Significant up-regulations of five previously identified transcriptional biomarkers of radiation exposure (PHPT1, CCNG1, CDKN1A, GADD45, and SESN1) were also found (p < 0.01). No statistical change in mtDNA deletion levels was detected; however, our data indicate that the total mtDNA content decreased with increasing number of RT fractions. Interestingly, the number of micronuclei appears to correlate with late radiation toxicity (r2 = 0.9025) in endometrial patients suggesting the possibility of predicting the severity of RT-related toxicity by monitoring this parameter. Overall, these data represent, to our best knowledge, the first study providing a multiparametric comparison of radiation biomarkers in human blood in vivo, which have potential for improving biological dosimetry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ales Tichy
- Department of Radiobiology, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, Hradec Králové, University of Defence in Brno, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
- Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Sylwia Kabacik
- Cancer Mechanisms and Biomarkers group, Radiation Effects Department, Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards, Public Health of England, Didcot, United Kingdom
| | - Grainne O’Brien
- Cancer Mechanisms and Biomarkers group, Radiation Effects Department, Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards, Public Health of England, Didcot, United Kingdom
| | - Jaroslav Pejchal
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, Hradec Králové, University of Defence in Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Zuzana Sinkorova
- Department of Radiobiology, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, Hradec Králové, University of Defence in Brno, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Adela Kmochova
- Department of Radiobiology, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, Hradec Králové, University of Defence in Brno, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Igor Sirak
- Department of Oncology and Radiotherapy and 4th Department of Internal Medicine - Hematology, University Hospital, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Andrea Malkova
- Department of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové, Charles University in Prague, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | | | | | - Jakub Grepl
- Department of Radiobiology, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, Hradec Králové, University of Defence in Brno, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
- Department of Oncology and Radiotherapy and 4th Department of Internal Medicine - Hematology, University Hospital, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | | | - Elizabeth Ainsbury
- Cancer Mechanisms and Biomarkers group, Radiation Effects Department, Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards, Public Health of England, Didcot, United Kingdom
| | - Lenka Zarybnicka
- Department of Radiobiology, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, Hradec Králové, University of Defence in Brno, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Vachelova
- Department of Radiation Dosimetry, Nuclear Physics Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Alzbeta Zavrelova
- Department of Oncology and Radiotherapy and 4th Department of Internal Medicine - Hematology, University Hospital, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Marie Davidkova
- Department of Radiation Dosimetry, Nuclear Physics Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | | | - Michael Abend
- Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology, Munich, Germany
| | | | | | - Christophe Badie
- Cancer Mechanisms and Biomarkers group, Radiation Effects Department, Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards, Public Health of England, Didcot, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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