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Abstract
Although chitinase-3-like-1 (CHI3L1), predominately produced by epithelial cells and macrophages, is relevant to pulmonary disease in cystic fibrosis (CF), fecal levels have not yet been assessed in children with CF. Fecal CHI3L1 was measured with a commercial immunoassay using fecal samples provided by children with CF and healthy control (HC) children. Higher median (interquartile range) fecal CHI3L1 levels were seen in the 52 children with CF than in the 35 controls: 15.97 (3.34-50.53) ng/g versus 2.93 (2.13-9.27) ng/g ( P = 0.001). Fecal CHI3LI did not differ according to sex. In the children with CF, fecal CHI3L1 levels did not correlate with growth parameters nor were the levels affected by pancreatic insufficiency. Children with CF had higher fecal CHI3L1 levels, suggesting underlying gut inflammation. Further work is required to confirm the current findings and to ascertain the longer-term significance of elevated CHI3L1.
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Ronan NJ, Einarsson GG, Deane J, Fouhy F, Rea M, Hill C, Shanahan F, Elborn JS, Ross RP, McCarthy M, Murphy DM, Eustace JA, Mm T, Stanton C, Plant BJ. Modulation, microbiota and inflammation in the adult CF gut: A prospective study. J Cyst Fibros 2022; 21:837-843. [PMID: 35764510 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcf.2022.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cystic Fibrosis (CF) has prominent gastrointestinal and pancreatic manifestations. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) modulation on, gastrointestinal inflammation, pancreatic function and gut microbiota composition in people with cystic fibrosis (CF) and the G551D-CFTR mutation. METHODS Fourteen adult patients with the G551D-CFTR mutation were assessed clinically at baseline and for up to 1 year after treatment with ivacaftor. The change in gut inflammatory markers (calprotectin and lactoferrin), exocrine pancreatic status and gut microbiota composition and structure were assessed in stool samples. RESULTS There was no significant change in faecal calprotectin nor lactoferrin in patients with treatment while all patients remained severely pancreatic insufficient. There was no significant change in gut microbiota diversity and richness following treatment. CONCLUSION There was no significant change in gut inflammation after partial restoration of CFTR function with ivacaftor, suggesting that excess gut inflammation in CF is multi-factorial in aetiology. In this adult cohort, exocrine pancreatic function was irreversibly lost. Longer term follow-up may reveal more dynamic changes in the gut microbiota and possible restoration of CFTR function.
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Affiliation(s)
- N J Ronan
- Cork Adult CF Centre, Cork University Hospital, Wilton, Cork; HRB Clinical research facility, University College Cork
| | - G G Einarsson
- Halo Research Group, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK; Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine. School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - J Deane
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Cork, Ireland; APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, NUI, Cork, Ireland
| | - F Fouhy
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Cork, Ireland; APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, NUI, Cork, Ireland
| | - M Rea
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Cork, Ireland; APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, NUI, Cork, Ireland
| | - C Hill
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, NUI, Cork, Ireland
| | - F Shanahan
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, NUI, Cork, Ireland
| | - J S Elborn
- Halo Research Group, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK; Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine. School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - R P Ross
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, NUI, Cork, Ireland
| | - M McCarthy
- Cork Adult CF Centre, Cork University Hospital, Wilton, Cork
| | - D M Murphy
- Cork Adult CF Centre, Cork University Hospital, Wilton, Cork
| | - J A Eustace
- HRB Clinical research facility, University College Cork
| | - Tunney Mm
- Halo Research Group, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK; School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK; HRB Clinical research facility, University College Cork
| | - C Stanton
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine. School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK; Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Cork, Ireland
| | - B J Plant
- Cork Adult CF Centre, Cork University Hospital, Wilton, Cork; HRB Clinical research facility, University College Cork; APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, NUI, Cork, Ireland.
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53
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Stricker S, Hain T, Chao CM, Rudloff S. Respiratory and Intestinal Microbiota in Pediatric Lung Diseases-Current Evidence of the Gut-Lung Axis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23126791. [PMID: 35743234 PMCID: PMC9224356 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23126791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The intestinal microbiota is known to influence local immune homeostasis in the gut and to shape the developing immune system towards elimination of pathogens and tolerance towards self-antigens. Even though the lung was considered sterile for a long time, recent evidence using next-generation sequencing techniques confirmed that the lower airways possess their own local microbiota. Since then, there has been growing evidence that the local respiratory and intestinal microbiota play a role in acute and chronic pediatric lung diseases. The concept of the so-called gut–lung axis describing the mutual influence of local microbiota on distal immune mechanisms was established. The mechanisms by which the intestinal microbiota modulates the systemic immune response include the production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) and signaling through pattern recognition receptors (PRR) and segmented filamentous bacteria. Those factors influence the secretion of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines by immune cells and further modulate differentiation and recruitment of T cells to the lung. This article does not only aim at reviewing recent mechanistic evidence from animal studies regarding the gut–lung axis, but also summarizes current knowledge from observational studies and human trials investigating the role of the respiratory and intestinal microbiota and their modulation by pre-, pro-, and synbiotics in pediatric lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Stricker
- Department of Pediatrics, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-641-985-56617
| | - Torsten Hain
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany;
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Giessen-Marburg-Langen, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Cho-Ming Chao
- Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Rostock, 18057 Rostock, Germany;
| | - Silvia Rudloff
- Department of Pediatrics, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany;
- Department of Nutritional Science, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany
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Ma J, Duan Y, Li R, Liang X, Li T, Huang X, Yin Y, Yin J. Gut microbial profiles and the role in lipid metabolism in Shaziling pigs. ANIMAL NUTRITION (ZHONGGUO XU MU SHOU YI XUE HUI) 2022; 9:345-356. [PMID: 35600540 PMCID: PMC9111993 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2021.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
Shaziling pig, a Chinese indigenous breed, has been classified as a fatty pig model. However, the gut microbial development and role in lipid metabolism in Shaziling pigs has been rarely reported. Here, we compared the lipid metabolic and microbial profiles at 30, 60, 90, 150, 210, and 300 d of age between Shaziling and Yorkshire pigs. Predictably, there were marked differences in the liver lipids (i.e., cholesterol, glucose, and low-density lipoprotein) and the lipid related expressions (i.e., SREBP1/2, LXRα/β, DGAT1/2, and FABP1-3) between Shaziling and Yorkshire pigs. Bacteria sequencing in the ileal digesta and mucosa showed that Shaziling pigs had a higher α-diversity and higher abundances of probiotics, such as Lactobacillus johnsonii, Lactobacillus amylovorus, and Clostridium butyricum. Thirty-five differentiated metabolites were further identified in the mucosa between Shaziling and Yorkshire pigs, which were enriched in the carbohydrate, protein, glucose and amino acid metabolism and bile acid biosynthesis. Furthermore, 7 differentiated microbial species were markedly correlated with metabolites, indicating the role of gut microbiota in the host metabolism. Next, the role of differentiated L. johnsonii in lipid metabolism was validated in Duroc × Landrace × Yorkshire (DLY) pigs and the results showed that L. johnsonii mono-colonization promoted lipid deposition and metabolism by altering gut microbiota (i.e., Megasphaera elsdenii and L. johnsonii) and DGAT1/DGAT2/CD 36-PPAR γ gene expressions. In conclusion, Shaziling pigs exhibited different metabolic and microbial profiles compared with Yorkshire pigs, which might have contributed to the diverse metabolic phenotypes, and the significant enrichment of L. johnsonii in Shaziling pigs promoted lipid metabolism and obesity of DLY pigs, which provided a novel idea to improve the fat content of lean pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Ma
- Animal Nutritional Genome and Germplasm Innovation Research Center, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Yehui Duan
- Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, 410125, China
| | - Rui Li
- Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, 410125, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Liang
- Henan Ground Biological Science & Technology Co., Ltd., China
| | - Tiejun Li
- Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, 410125, China
| | - Xingguo Huang
- Animal Nutritional Genome and Germplasm Innovation Research Center, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Yulong Yin
- Animal Nutritional Genome and Germplasm Innovation Research Center, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
- Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, 410125, China
| | - Jie Yin
- Animal Nutritional Genome and Germplasm Innovation Research Center, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
- Corresponding author.
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Changing paradigms in the treatment of gastrointestinal complications of cystic fibrosis in the era of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator modulators. Paediatr Respir Rev 2022; 42:9-16. [PMID: 33485777 DOI: 10.1016/j.prrv.2020.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) - although primarily a lung disease - also causes a variety of gastrointestinal manifestations which are important for diagnosis, prognosis and quality of life. All parts of the gastrointestinal tract can be affected by CF. Besides the well-known pancreatic insufficiency, gastroesophageal reflux disease, liver disease and diseases of the large intestine are important pathologies that impact on prognosis and also impair quality of life. Diagnosis and management of gastrointestinal manifestations will be discussed in this review. Since optimisation of CF therapy is associated with a significantly longer life-span of CF patients nowadays, also gastrointestinal malignancies, which are more common in CF than in the non-CF population need to be considered. Furthermore, novel evidence on the role of the gut microbiome in CF is emerging. The introduction of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) protein modulators gives hope for symptom alleviation and even cure of gastrointestinal manifestations of CF.
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56
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Lajqi T, Köstlin-Gille N, Hillmer S, Braun M, Kranig SA, Dietz S, Krause C, Rühle J, Frommhold D, Pöschl J, Gille C, Hudalla H. Gut Microbiota-Derived Small Extracellular Vesicles Endorse Memory-like Inflammatory Responses in Murine Neutrophils. Biomedicines 2022; 10:442. [PMID: 35203650 PMCID: PMC8962420 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10020442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils are classically characterized as merely reactive innate effector cells. However, the microbiome is known to shape the education and maturation process of neutrophils, improving their function and immune-plasticity. Recent reports demonstrate that murine neutrophils possess the ability to exert adaptive responses after exposure to bacterial components such as LPS (Gram-negative bacteria) or LTA (Gram-positive bacteria). We now ask whether small extracellular vesicles (EVs) from the gut may directly mediate adaptive responses in neutrophils in vitro. Murine bone marrow-derived neutrophils were primed in vitro by small EVs of high purity collected from colon stool samples, followed by a second hit with LPS. We found that low-dose priming with gut microbiota-derived small EVs enhanced pro-inflammatory sensitivity as indicated by elevated levels of TNF-α, IL-6, ROS and MCP-1 and increased migratory and phagocytic activity. In contrast, high-dose priming resulted in a tolerant phenotype, marked by increased IL-10 and decreased transmigration and phagocytosis. Alterations in TLR2/MyD88 as well as TLR4/MyD88 signaling were correlated with the induction of adaptive cues in neutrophils in vitro. Taken together, our study shows that small EVs from stools can drive adaptive responses in neutrophils in vitro and may represent a missing link in the gut-immune axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trim Lajqi
- Department of Neonatology, Heidelberg University Children’s Hospital, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (T.L.); (N.K.-G.); (M.B.); (S.A.K.); (S.D.); (C.K.); (J.P.); (C.G.)
| | - Natascha Köstlin-Gille
- Department of Neonatology, Heidelberg University Children’s Hospital, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (T.L.); (N.K.-G.); (M.B.); (S.A.K.); (S.D.); (C.K.); (J.P.); (C.G.)
- Department of Neonatology, University of Tübingen, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany;
| | - Stefan Hillmer
- Electron Microscopy Core Facility (EMCF), University of Heidelberg, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany;
| | - Maylis Braun
- Department of Neonatology, Heidelberg University Children’s Hospital, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (T.L.); (N.K.-G.); (M.B.); (S.A.K.); (S.D.); (C.K.); (J.P.); (C.G.)
| | - Simon A. Kranig
- Department of Neonatology, Heidelberg University Children’s Hospital, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (T.L.); (N.K.-G.); (M.B.); (S.A.K.); (S.D.); (C.K.); (J.P.); (C.G.)
| | - Stefanie Dietz
- Department of Neonatology, Heidelberg University Children’s Hospital, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (T.L.); (N.K.-G.); (M.B.); (S.A.K.); (S.D.); (C.K.); (J.P.); (C.G.)
- Department of Neonatology, University of Tübingen, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany;
| | - Christian Krause
- Department of Neonatology, Heidelberg University Children’s Hospital, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (T.L.); (N.K.-G.); (M.B.); (S.A.K.); (S.D.); (C.K.); (J.P.); (C.G.)
| | - Jessica Rühle
- Department of Neonatology, University of Tübingen, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany;
| | - David Frommhold
- Klinik für Kinderheilkunde und Jugendmedizin, D-87700 Memmingen, Germany;
| | - Johannes Pöschl
- Department of Neonatology, Heidelberg University Children’s Hospital, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (T.L.); (N.K.-G.); (M.B.); (S.A.K.); (S.D.); (C.K.); (J.P.); (C.G.)
| | - Christian Gille
- Department of Neonatology, Heidelberg University Children’s Hospital, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (T.L.); (N.K.-G.); (M.B.); (S.A.K.); (S.D.); (C.K.); (J.P.); (C.G.)
| | - Hannes Hudalla
- Department of Neonatology, Heidelberg University Children’s Hospital, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (T.L.); (N.K.-G.); (M.B.); (S.A.K.); (S.D.); (C.K.); (J.P.); (C.G.)
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Walker NM, Liu J, Young SM, Woode RA, Clarke LL. Goblet cell hyperplasia is not epithelial-autonomous in the Cftr knockout intestine. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2022; 322:G282-G293. [PMID: 34878935 PMCID: PMC8793866 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00290.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Goblet cell hyperplasia is an important manifestation of cystic fibrosis (CF) disease in epithelial-lined organs. Explants of CF airway epithelium show normalization of goblet cell numbers; therefore, we hypothesized that small intestinal enteroids from Cftr knockout (KO) mice would not exhibit goblet cell hyperplasia. Toll-like receptors 2 and 4 (Tlr2 and Tlr4) were investigated as markers of inflammation and influence on goblet cell differentiation. Ex vivo studies found goblet cell hyperplasia in Cftr KO jejunum compared with wild-type (WT) mice. IL-13, SAM pointed domain-containing ETS transcription factor (Spdef), Tlr2, and Tlr4 protein expression were increased in Cftr KO intestine relative to WT. In contrast, WT and Cftr KO enteroids did not exhibit differences in basal or IL-13-stimulated goblet cell numbers, or differences in expression of Tlr2, Tlr4, and Spdef. Ileal goblet cell numbers in Cftr KO/Tlr4 KO and Cftr KO/Tlr2 KO mice were not different from Cftr KO mice, but enumeration was confounded by altered mucosal morphology. Treatment with Tlr4 agonist LPS did not affect goblet cell numbers in WT or Cftr KO enteroids, whereas the Tlr2 agonist Pam3Csk4 stimulated goblet cell hyperplasia in both genotypes. Pam3Csk4 stimulation of goblet cell numbers was associated with suppression of Notch1 and Neurog3 expression and upregulated determinants of goblet cell differentiation. We conclude that goblet cell hyperplasia and inflammation of the Cftr KO small intestine are not exhibited by enteroids, indicating that this manifestation of CF intestinal disease is not epithelial-automatous but secondary to the altered CF intestinal environment.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Studies of small intestinal organoids from cystic fibrosis (CF) mice show that goblet cell hyperplasia and increased Toll-like receptor 2/4 expression are not primary manifestations of the CF intestine. Intestinal goblet cell hyperplasia in the CF mice was not strongly altered by genetic ablation of Tlr2 and Tlr 4, but could be induced in both wild-type and CF intestinal organoids by a Tlr2-dependent suppression of Notch signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy M Walker
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Jinghua Liu
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Sarah M Young
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Rowena A Woode
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Lane L Clarke
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
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Tam RY, van Dorst JM, McKay I, Coffey M, Ooi CY. Intestinal Inflammation and Alterations in the Gut Microbiota in Cystic Fibrosis: A Review of the Current Evidence, Pathophysiology and Future Directions. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11030649. [PMID: 35160099 PMCID: PMC8836727 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11030649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a life-limiting autosomal recessive multisystem disease. While its burden of morbidity and mortality is classically associated with pulmonary disease, CF also profoundly affects the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Chronic low-grade inflammation and alterations to the gut microbiota are hallmarks of the CF intestine. The etiology of these manifestations is likely multifactorial, resulting from cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) dysfunction, a high-fat CF diet, and the use of antibiotics. There may also be a bidirectional pathophysiological link between intestinal inflammation and changes to the gut microbiome. Additionally, a growing body of evidence suggests that these GI manifestations may have significant clinical associations with growth and nutrition, quality of life, and respiratory function in CF. As such, the potential utility of GI therapies and long-term GI outcomes are areas of interest in CF. Further research involving microbial modulation and multi-omics techniques may reveal novel insights. This article provides an overview of the current evidence, pathophysiology, and future research and therapeutic considerations pertaining to intestinal inflammation and alterations in the gut microbiota in CF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Y. Tam
- Discipline of Paediatrics & Child Health, Randwick Clinical Campus, School of Clinical Medicine, UNSW Medicine & Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2031, Australia; (R.Y.T.); (J.M.v.D.); (M.C.)
| | - Josie M. van Dorst
- Discipline of Paediatrics & Child Health, Randwick Clinical Campus, School of Clinical Medicine, UNSW Medicine & Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2031, Australia; (R.Y.T.); (J.M.v.D.); (M.C.)
| | - Isabelle McKay
- Wagga Wagga Base Hospital, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2650, Australia;
| | - Michael Coffey
- Discipline of Paediatrics & Child Health, Randwick Clinical Campus, School of Clinical Medicine, UNSW Medicine & Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2031, Australia; (R.Y.T.); (J.M.v.D.); (M.C.)
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sydney Children’s Hospital Randwick, Sydney, NSW 2031, Australia
| | - Chee Y. Ooi
- Discipline of Paediatrics & Child Health, Randwick Clinical Campus, School of Clinical Medicine, UNSW Medicine & Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2031, Australia; (R.Y.T.); (J.M.v.D.); (M.C.)
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sydney Children’s Hospital Randwick, Sydney, NSW 2031, Australia
- Correspondence:
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van Dorst JM, Tam RY, Ooi CY. What Do We Know about the Microbiome in Cystic Fibrosis? Is There a Role for Probiotics and Prebiotics? Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14030480. [PMID: 35276841 PMCID: PMC8840103 DOI: 10.3390/nu14030480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a life-shortening genetic disorder that affects the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) protein. In the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, CFTR dysfunction results in low intestinal pH, thick and inspissated mucus, a lack of endogenous pancreatic enzymes, and reduced motility. These mechanisms, combined with antibiotic therapies, drive GI inflammation and significant alteration of the GI microbiota (dysbiosis). Dysbiosis and inflammation are key factors in systemic inflammation and GI complications including malignancy. The following review examines the potential for probiotic and prebiotic therapies to provide clinical benefits through modulation of the microbiome. Evidence from randomised control trials suggest probiotics are likely to improve GI inflammation and reduce the incidence of CF pulmonary exacerbations. However, the highly variable, low-quality data is a barrier to the implementation of probiotics into routine CF care. Epidemiological studies and clinical trials support the potential of dietary fibre and prebiotic supplements to beneficially modulate the microbiome in gastrointestinal conditions. To date, limited evidence is available on their safety and efficacy in CF. Variable responses to probiotics and prebiotics highlight the need for personalised approaches that consider an individual’s underlying microbiota, diet, and existing medications against the backdrop of the complex nutritional needs in CF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josie M. van Dorst
- Discipline of Paediatrics & Child Health, Randwick Clinical Campus, School of Clinical Medicine, UNSW Medicine & Health, UNSW, Sydney 2031, Australia; (J.M.v.D.); (R.Y.T.)
| | - Rachel Y. Tam
- Discipline of Paediatrics & Child Health, Randwick Clinical Campus, School of Clinical Medicine, UNSW Medicine & Health, UNSW, Sydney 2031, Australia; (J.M.v.D.); (R.Y.T.)
| | - Chee Y. Ooi
- Discipline of Paediatrics & Child Health, Randwick Clinical Campus, School of Clinical Medicine, UNSW Medicine & Health, UNSW, Sydney 2031, Australia; (J.M.v.D.); (R.Y.T.)
- Molecular and Integrative Cystic Fibrosis (miCF) Research Centre, Sydney 2031, Australia
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sydney Children’s Hospital Randwick, Sydney 2031, Australia
- Correspondence:
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Talebi S, Day AS, Khadem Rezaiyan M, Ranjbar G, Zarei M, Safarian M, Kianifar HR. Fecal Calprotectin and Phenotype Severity in Patients with Cystic Fibrosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Pediatr Gastroenterol Hepatol Nutr 2022; 25:1-12. [PMID: 35087728 PMCID: PMC8762598 DOI: 10.5223/pghn.2022.25.1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation plays an important role in the outcome of patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). It may develop due to cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator protein dysfunction, pancreatic insufficiency, or prolonged pulmonary infection. Fecal calprotectin (FC) has been used as a noninvasive method to detect inflammation. Therefore, the aim of the current meta-analysis was to investigate the relationship between FC and phenotype severity in patients with CF. In this study, searches were conducted in PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus, and Embase databases up to August 2021 using terms such as "cystic fibrosis," "intestine," "calprotectin," and "inflammation." Only articles published in English and human studies were selected. The primary outcome was the level of FC in patients with CF. The secondary outcome was the relationship between FC and clinical severity. Statistical analysis was performed using Comprehensive Meta-Analysis software. Of the initial 303 references, only six articles met the inclusion criteria. The mean (95% confidence interval [CI]) level of FC was 256.5 mg/dL (114.1-398.9). FC levels were significantly associated with pancreatic insufficiency (mean, 243.02; 95% CI, 74.3 to 411.6; p=0.005; I2=0), pulmonary function (r=-0.39; 95% CI, -0.58 to -0.15; p=0.002; I2=60%), body mass index (r=-0.514; 95% CI, 0.26 to 0.69; p<0.001; I2=0%), and Pseudomonas colonization (mean, 174.77; 95% CI, 12.5 to 337.02; p=0.035; I2=71%). While FC is a reliable noninvasive marker for detecting gastrointestinal inflammation, it is also correlated with the severity of the disease in patients with CF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeedeh Talebi
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Andrew S Day
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Otago (Christchurch), Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Majid Khadem Rezaiyan
- Department of Community Medicine, Clinical Research Development Unit of Akbar Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Golnaz Ranjbar
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mitra Zarei
- Department of Knowledge and Information Science, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mahammad Safarian
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hamid Reza Kianifar
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Intestinal function and transit associate with gut microbiota dysbiosis in cystic fibrosis. J Cyst Fibros 2021; 21:506-513. [PMID: 34895838 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcf.2021.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Most people with cystic fibrosis (pwCF) suffer from gastrointestinal symptoms and are at risk of gut complications. Gut microbiota dysbiosis is apparent within the CF population across all age groups, with evidence linking dysbiosis to intestinal inflammation and other markers of health. This pilot study aimed to investigate the potential relationships between the gut microbiota and gastrointestinal physiology, transit, and health. STUDY DESIGN Faecal samples from 10 pwCF and matched controls were subject to 16S rRNA sequencing. Results were combined with clinical metadata and MRI metrics of gut function to investigate relationships. RESULTS pwCF had significantly reduced microbiota diversity compared to controls. Microbiota compositions were significantly different, suggesting remodelling of core and rarer satellite taxa in CF. Dissimilarity between groups was driven by a variety of taxa, including Escherichia coli, Bacteroides spp., Clostridium spp., and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii. The core taxa were explained primarily by CF disease, whilst the satellite taxa were associated with pulmonary antibiotic usage, CF disease, and gut function metrics. Species-specific ordination biplots revealed relationships between taxa and the clinical or MRI-based variables observed. CONCLUSIONS Alterations in gut function and transit resultant of CF disease are associated with the gut microbiota composition, notably the satellite taxa. Delayed transit in the small intestine might allow for the expansion of satellite taxa resulting in potential downstream consequences for core community function in the colon.
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Effect of Standardized Grape Powder Consumption on the Gut Microbiome of Healthy Subjects: A Pilot Study. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13113965. [PMID: 34836220 PMCID: PMC8619073 DOI: 10.3390/nu13113965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Grapes provide a rich source of polyphenols and fibers. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of the daily consumption of 46 g of whole grape powder, providing the equivalent of two servings of California table grapes, on the gut microbiome and cholesterol/bile acid metabolism in healthy adults. This study included a 4-week standardization to a low-polyphenol diet, followed by 4 weeks of 46 g of grape powder consumption while continuing the low-polyphenol diet. Compared to the baseline, 4 weeks of grape powder consumption significantly increased the alpha diversity index of the gut microbiome. There was a trend of increasing Verrucomicrobia (p = 0.052) at the phylum level, and a significant increase in Akkermansia was noted. In addition, there was an increase in Flavonifractor and Lachnospiraceae_UCG-010, but a decrease in Bifidobacterium and Dialister at the genus level. Grape powder consumption significantly decreased the total cholesterol by 6.1% and HDL cholesterol by 7.6%. There was also a trend of decreasing LDL cholesterol by 5.9%, and decreasing total bile acid by 40.9%. Blood triglyceride levels and body composition were not changed by grape powder consumption. In conclusion, grape powder consumption significantly modified the gut microbiome and cholesterol/bile acid metabolism.
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63
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Aslam H, Collier F, Davis JA, Quinn TP, O'Hely M, Pasco JA, Jacka FN, Loughman A. Gut Microbiome Diversity and Composition Are Associated with Habitual Dairy Intakes: A Cross-Sectional Study in Men. J Nutr 2021; 151:3400-3412. [PMID: 34386821 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxab252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND At a population level, the relation between dairy consumption and gut microbiome composition is poorly understood. OBJECTIVES We sought to study the cross-sectional associations between individual dairy foods (i.e., milk, yogurt, and cheese), as well as total dairy intake, and the gut microbiome composition in a large, representative sample of men living in south-eastern Australia. METHODS Data on 474 men (mean ± SD: 64.5 ± 13.5 y old) from the Geelong Osteoporosis Study were used to assess the cross-sectional association between dairy consumption and gut microbiome. Information on dairy intake was self-reported. Men were categorized as consumers and nonconsumers of milk, yogurt, cheese, and high- and low-fat milk. Milk, yogurt, and cheese intakes were summed to calculate the total dairy consumed per day and categorized into either low (<2.5 servings/d) or high (≥2.5 servings/d) total dairy groups. Fecal samples were analyzed using bacterial 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene sequencing. After assessment of α and β diversity, differential abundance analysis was performed to identify bacterial taxa associated with each of milk, yogurt, and cheese consumption compared with nonconsumption, low compared with high total dairy, and low- compared with high-fat milk consumption. All analyses were adjusted for potential confounders. RESULTS α Diversity was not associated with consumption of any of the dairy groups. Differences in β diversity were observed between milk and yogurt consumption compared with nonconsumption. Taxa belonging to the genera Ruminococcaceae UCG-010 and Bifidobacterium showed negative and weak positive associations with milk consumption, respectively. A taxon from the genus Streptococcus was positively associated with yogurt consumption, whereas a taxon from the genus Eisenbergiella was negatively associated with cheese consumption. No specific taxa were associated with low- compared with high-fat milk nor low compared with high total dairy consumption. CONCLUSIONS In men, community-level microbiome differences were observed between consumers and nonconsumers of milk and yogurt. Bacterial taxon-level associations were detected with milk, yogurt, and cheese consumption. Total dairy consumption was not associated with any microbiome measures, suggesting that individual dairy foods may have differential roles in shaping the gut microbiome in men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hajara Aslam
- IMPACT-the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Deakin University and Barwon Health, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Fiona Collier
- IMPACT-the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Deakin University and Barwon Health, Geelong, Victoria, Australia.,Barwon Health, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jessica A Davis
- IMPACT-the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Deakin University and Barwon Health, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Thomas P Quinn
- Applied Artificial Intelligence Institute, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Martin O'Hely
- IMPACT-the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Deakin University and Barwon Health, Geelong, Victoria, Australia.,Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Julie A Pasco
- IMPACT-the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Deakin University and Barwon Health, Geelong, Victoria, Australia.,Barwon Health, Geelong, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Medicine-Western Health, Melbourne Medical School, The University of Melbourne, St Albans, Victoria, Australia
| | - Felice N Jacka
- IMPACT-the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Deakin University and Barwon Health, Geelong, Victoria, Australia.,Centre for Adolescent Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Black Dog Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Biomedical Sciences, James Cook University , Douglas, Queensland, Australia
| | - Amy Loughman
- IMPACT-the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Deakin University and Barwon Health, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
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Park H, Kim J, Choi S, Suh HR, Moon JE, Kim D, Choi BS, Hwang SK, Kang B, Choe BH. Case report of compound CFTR variants in Korean siblings with cystic fibrosis: importance of differentiating cystic fibrosis from inflammatory bowel disease. Transl Pediatr 2021; 10:3104-3109. [PMID: 34976777 PMCID: PMC8649608 DOI: 10.21037/tp-21-274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of cystic fibrosis (CF) is considerably lower in Asian populations compared with that of Caucasians. Cases of CF are typically due to mutations in the CF transmembrane conductance regulator gene with autosomal recessive inheritance. Here, we report two cases of newly diagnosed CF in Korea-a 13-year-old boy and his 5-year-old brother. The older brother was admitted to our hospital for evaluation and treatment of recurrent abdominal pain, frequent diarrhea, and failure to thrive. Fecal calprotectin (FC) was elevated, and when combining this with his clinical presentation, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) or eosinophilic gastroenteritis (EoGE) was the first impression of his disease. Several ulcerative lesions were observed on ileocolonoscopy. However, incidental findings of suspicious bronchiectatic lesions were observed on plain radiography, which were confirmed by chest computed tomography. Moreover, diffuse bowel wall thickening with pancreatic atrophy was also incidentally detected by computed tomography of the abdomen. Comprehensively, these findings were highly suggestive of CF. Therefore, diagnostic exome sequencing was conducted, which revealed compound heterozygous variants of c.263T>G (p.Leu88*) and c.2977G>T (p.Asp993Tyr) in the CF transmembrane conductance regulator gene. Although symptoms in the younger brother were not as prominent as the older brother, genetic test was also conducted, which revealed the same mutation. We report the identification of a novel variant, p.Asp993Tyr, in siblings with Korean heritage. Although CF is rare in Koreans, it should be included in the differential diagnosis of IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyejin Park
- Department of Paediatrics, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Jinwoo Kim
- Department of Paediatrics, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Sujin Choi
- Department of Paediatrics, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Hyo-Rim Suh
- Department of Paediatrics, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Jung Eun Moon
- Department of Paediatrics, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Dongsub Kim
- Department of Paediatrics, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Bong Seok Choi
- Department of Paediatrics, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Su-Kyeong Hwang
- Department of Paediatrics, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Ben Kang
- Department of Paediatrics, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Byung-Ho Choe
- Department of Paediatrics, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
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65
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Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a heritable, multiorgan disease that impacts all tissues that normally express cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) protein. While the importance of the airway microbiota has long been recognized, the intestinal microbiota has only recently been recognized as an important player in both intestinal and lung health outcomes for persons with CF (pwCF). Here, we summarize current literature related to the gut-lung axis in CF, with a particular focus on three key ideas: (i) mechanisms through which microbes influence the gut-lung axis, (ii) drivers of microbiota alterations, and (iii) the potential for intestinal microbiota remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney E. Price
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover New Hampshire, USA
| | - George A. O’Toole
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover New Hampshire, USA
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66
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Coffey MJ, Garg M, Homaira N, Jaffe A, Ooi CY. A systematic cochrane review of probiotics for people with cystic fibrosis. Paediatr Respir Rev 2021; 39:61-64. [PMID: 32917517 DOI: 10.1016/j.prrv.2020.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Coffey
- School of Women's and Children's Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; Junior Medical Officers Department, Sydney Children's Hospital, Sydney, Australia.
| | - Millie Garg
- School of Women's and Children's Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Nusrat Homaira
- School of Women's and Children's Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; Respiratory Department, Sydney Children's Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - Adam Jaffe
- School of Women's and Children's Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; Respiratory Department, Sydney Children's Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - Chee Y Ooi
- School of Women's and Children's Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; Gastroenterology Department, Sydney Children's Hospital, Sydney, Australia
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67
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The Intestinal Microbiome and Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator Modulators: Emerging Themes in the Management of Gastrointestinal Manifestations of Cystic Fibrosis. Curr Gastroenterol Rep 2021; 23:17. [PMID: 34448955 DOI: 10.1007/s11894-021-00817-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW While commonly associated with pulmonary manifestations, cystic fibrosis (CF) is a systemic disease with wide-ranging effects on the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. This article reviews major recent updates in gastroenterological CF care and research. RECENT FINDINGS The high burden of GI symptoms in CF has led to recent studies assessing GI-specific symptom questionnaires and scoring systems. Intestinal dysbiosis potentially contributes to gastrointestinal symptoms in patients with CF and an increased risk of gastrointestinal cancers in CF. An increased incidence of colorectal cancer (CRC) has led to CF-specific CRC screening and surveillance recommendations. Pharmacologic therapies targeting specific cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) mutations have shown promise in treating GI manifestations of CF. New research has highlighted the importance of intestinal dysbiosis in CF. Future studies should assess whether CFTR modulators affect the gut microbiome and whether altering the gut microbiome will impact GI symptoms and GI cancer risk.
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68
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Li Z, Tang W, Gong S, Li Y, Xia S, Zhang B, Ma J. Effects of dietary protein on gut development, microbial compositions and mucin expressions in mice. J Appl Microbiol 2021; 132:2262-2269. [PMID: 34411380 DOI: 10.1111/jam.15260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Dietary protein, as an important macronutrient, widely participates in host growth and metabolism. In this study, effects of different protein levels (14, 20 and 26%) on the gut development, microbial compositions and mucin expressions were studied in C57BL/6 mice. METHODS AND RESULTS The results showed that body weight and the relative weight of stomach and gut were decreased in low-protein diet-fed mice, whereas high-protein diet significantly reduced the villus length and area of jejunum. Goblet cells number in the jejunum was reduced in the low-protein group, which was reversed by dietary a high-protein diet. In addition, high-protein diet notably reduced microbial diversity and changed the microbial compositions at the phylum level, such as Bacteroides, Proteobacteria, Actinomycetes and Deferribacteres. Furthermore, high-protein diet significantly increased mucin2, mucin3 and mucin4 expressions in the jejunum, but downregulated mucin1, mucin2, mucin4 and TFF3 in the ileum, indicating a tissue-dependent manner. CONCLUSIONS Together, high-protein diet may impair gut development, microbial balance and mucin system, and a low-protein diet is suggested to promote a healthy lifestyle. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF STUDY Mucin influenced gut development (villus index and goblet cell number) through remodelling gut microbes, as low and high protein levels resulted in contrary expression levels of mucin in jejunum and ileum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuohua Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Animal Nutrition Genome and Germplasm Innovation Research Center, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Wenjie Tang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Animal Nutrition Genome and Germplasm Innovation Research Center, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Sichuan Animal Sciences Academy, Animal Breeding and Genetics key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Saiming Gong
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Animal Nutrition Genome and Germplasm Innovation Research Center, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yunxia Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Animal Nutrition Genome and Germplasm Innovation Research Center, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Siting Xia
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Animal Nutrition Genome and Germplasm Innovation Research Center, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Animal Nutrition Genome and Germplasm Innovation Research Center, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jie Ma
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Animal Nutrition Genome and Germplasm Innovation Research Center, Changsha, Hunan, China
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Puccetti M, Pariano M, Renga G, Santarelli I, D’Onofrio F, Bellet MM, Stincardini C, Bartoli A, Costantini C, Romani L, Ricci M, Giovagnoli S. Targeted Drug Delivery Technologies Potentiate the Overall Therapeutic Efficacy of an Indole Derivative in a Mouse Cystic Fibrosis Setting. Cells 2021; 10:1601. [PMID: 34202407 PMCID: PMC8305708 DOI: 10.3390/cells10071601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation plays a major role in the pathophysiology of cystic fibrosis (CF), a multisystem disease. Anti-inflammatory therapies are, therefore, of interest in CF, provided that the inhibition of inflammation does not compromise the ability to fight pathogens. Here, we assess whether indole-3-aldehyde (3-IAld), a ligand of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), may encompass such an activity. We resorted to biopharmaceutical technologies in order to deliver 3-IAld directly into the lung, via dry powder inhalation, or into the gut, via enteric microparticles, in murine models of CF infection and inflammation. We found the site-specific delivery of 3-IAld to be an efficient strategy to restore immune and microbial homeostasis in CF organs, and mitigate lung and gut inflammatory pathology in response to fungal infections, in the relative absence of local and systemic inflammatory toxicity. Thus, enhanced delivery to target organs of AhR agonists, such as 3-IAld, may pave the way for the development of safe and effective anti-inflammatory agents in CF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Puccetti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy;
| | - Marilena Pariano
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy; (M.P.); (G.R.); (I.S.); (F.D.); (M.M.B.); (C.S.); (A.B.); (C.C.); (L.R.)
| | - Giorgia Renga
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy; (M.P.); (G.R.); (I.S.); (F.D.); (M.M.B.); (C.S.); (A.B.); (C.C.); (L.R.)
| | - Ilaria Santarelli
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy; (M.P.); (G.R.); (I.S.); (F.D.); (M.M.B.); (C.S.); (A.B.); (C.C.); (L.R.)
| | - Fiorella D’Onofrio
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy; (M.P.); (G.R.); (I.S.); (F.D.); (M.M.B.); (C.S.); (A.B.); (C.C.); (L.R.)
| | - Marina M. Bellet
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy; (M.P.); (G.R.); (I.S.); (F.D.); (M.M.B.); (C.S.); (A.B.); (C.C.); (L.R.)
| | - Claudia Stincardini
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy; (M.P.); (G.R.); (I.S.); (F.D.); (M.M.B.); (C.S.); (A.B.); (C.C.); (L.R.)
| | - Andrea Bartoli
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy; (M.P.); (G.R.); (I.S.); (F.D.); (M.M.B.); (C.S.); (A.B.); (C.C.); (L.R.)
| | - Claudio Costantini
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy; (M.P.); (G.R.); (I.S.); (F.D.); (M.M.B.); (C.S.); (A.B.); (C.C.); (L.R.)
| | - Luigina Romani
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy; (M.P.); (G.R.); (I.S.); (F.D.); (M.M.B.); (C.S.); (A.B.); (C.C.); (L.R.)
| | - Maurizio Ricci
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy;
| | - Stefano Giovagnoli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy;
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70
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Hardouin P, Chiron R, Marchandin H, Armengaud J, Grenga L. Metaproteomics to Decipher CF Host-Microbiota Interactions: Overview, Challenges and Future Perspectives. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:892. [PMID: 34207804 PMCID: PMC8227082 DOI: 10.3390/genes12060892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a hereditary disease caused by mutations in the CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene, triggering dysfunction of the anion channel in several organs including the lung and gut. The main cause of morbidity and mortality is chronic infection. The microbiota is now included among the additional factors that could contribute to the exacerbation of patient symptoms, to treatment outcome, and more generally to the phenotypic variability observed in CF patients. In recent years, various omics tools have started to shed new light on microbial communities associated with CF and host-microbiota interactions. In this context, proteomics targets the key effectors of the responses from organisms, and thus their phenotypes. Recent advances are promising in terms of gaining insights into the CF microbiota and its relation with the host. This review provides an overview of the contributions made by proteomics and metaproteomics to our knowledge of the complex host-microbiota partnership in CF. Considering the strengths and weaknesses of proteomics-based approaches in profiling the microbiota in the context of other diseases, we illustrate their potential and discuss possible strategies to overcome their limitations in monitoring both the respiratory and intestinal microbiota in sample from patients with CF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Hardouin
- Laboratoire Innovations technologiques pour la Détection et le Diagnostic (Li2D), Université de Montpellier, 30207 Bagnols-sur-Cèze, France;
- Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, INRAE, SPI, 30200 Bagnols-sur-Cèze, France;
| | - Raphael Chiron
- HydroSciences Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, Université de Montpellier, Centre de Ressources et de Compétences de la Mucoviscidose, CHU de Montpellier, 34093 Montpellier, France;
| | - Hélène Marchandin
- HydroSciences Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, Université de Montpellier, Service de Microbiologie et Hygiène Hospitalière, CHU Nîmes, 34093 Nîmes, France;
| | - Jean Armengaud
- Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, INRAE, SPI, 30200 Bagnols-sur-Cèze, France;
| | - Lucia Grenga
- Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, INRAE, SPI, 30200 Bagnols-sur-Cèze, France;
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71
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Willis JR, Saus E, Iraola-Guzmán S, Cabello-Yeves E, Ksiezopolska E, Cozzuto L, Bejarano LA, Andreu-Somavilla N, Alloza-Trabado M, Blanco A, Puig-Sola A, Broglio E, Carolis C, Ponomarenko J, Hecht J, Gabaldón T. Citizen-science based study of the oral microbiome in Cystic fibrosis and matched controls reveals major differences in diversity and abundance of bacterial and fungal species. J Oral Microbiol 2021; 13:1897328. [PMID: 34104346 PMCID: PMC8143623 DOI: 10.1080/20002297.2021.1897328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Cystic fibrosis (CF) is an autosomal genetic disease, associated with the production of excessively thick mucosa and with life-threatening chronic lung infections. The microbiota of the oral cavity can act as a reservoir or as a barrier for infectious microorganisms that can colonize the lungs. However, the specific composition of the oral microbiome in CF is poorly understood.Methods: In collaboration with CF associations in Spain, we collected oral rinse samples from 31 CF persons (age range 7-47) and matched controls, and then performed 16S rRNA metabarcoding and high-throughput sequencing, combined with culture and proteomics-based identification of fungi to survey the bacterial and fungal oral microbiome.Results: We found that CF is associated with less diverse oral microbiomes, which were characterized by higher prevalence of Candida albicans and differential abundances of a number of bacterial taxa that have implications in both the connection to lung infections in CF, as well as potential oral health concerns, particularly periodontitis and dental caries.Conclusion: Overall, our study provides a first global snapshot of the oral microbiome in CF. Future studies are required to establish the relationships between the composition of the oral and lung microbiomes in CF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesse R Willis
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), the Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain.,Life Sciences Programme, Barcelona Supercomputing Centre (BSC-CNS) Jordi Girona, Barcelona, Spain.,Mechanisms of Disease Programme, Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB), the Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ester Saus
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), the Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain.,Life Sciences Programme, Barcelona Supercomputing Centre (BSC-CNS) Jordi Girona, Barcelona, Spain.,Mechanisms of Disease Programme, Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB), the Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Susana Iraola-Guzmán
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), the Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain.,Life Sciences Programme, Barcelona Supercomputing Centre (BSC-CNS) Jordi Girona, Barcelona, Spain.,Mechanisms of Disease Programme, Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB), the Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elena Cabello-Yeves
- Life Sciences Programme, Barcelona Supercomputing Centre (BSC-CNS) Jordi Girona, Barcelona, Spain.,Mechanisms of Disease Programme, Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB), the Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ewa Ksiezopolska
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), the Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain.,Life Sciences Programme, Barcelona Supercomputing Centre (BSC-CNS) Jordi Girona, Barcelona, Spain.,Mechanisms of Disease Programme, Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB), the Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Luca Cozzuto
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), the Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain.,Experimental and Health Sciences Department, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Luis A Bejarano
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), the Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nuria Andreu-Somavilla
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), the Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain.,Experimental and Health Sciences Department, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miriam Alloza-Trabado
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), the Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain.,Experimental and Health Sciences Department, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Andrea Blanco
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), the Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Puig-Sola
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), the Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain.,Experimental and Health Sciences Department, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elisabetta Broglio
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), the Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain.,Experimental and Health Sciences Department, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carlo Carolis
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), the Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain.,Experimental and Health Sciences Department, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Julia Ponomarenko
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), the Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain.,Experimental and Health Sciences Department, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jochen Hecht
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), the Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain.,Experimental and Health Sciences Department, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Toni Gabaldón
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), the Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain.,Life Sciences Programme, Barcelona Supercomputing Centre (BSC-CNS) Jordi Girona, Barcelona, Spain.,Mechanisms of Disease Programme, Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB), the Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain.,Experimental and Health Sciences Department, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain.,Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
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72
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Chang SC, Lin SF, Chen ST, Chang PY, Yeh YM, Lo FS, Lu JJ. Alterations of Gut Microbiota in Patients With Graves' Disease. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:663131. [PMID: 34026662 PMCID: PMC8132172 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.663131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Graves' disease (GD) is a systemic autoimmune disease characterized by hyperthyroidism. Evidence suggests that alterations to the gut microbiota may be involved in the development of autoimmune disorders. The aim of this study was to characterize the composition of gut microbiota in GD patients. Fecal samples were collected from 55 GD patients and 48 healthy controls. Using 16S rRNA gene amplification and sequencing, the overall bacterial richness and diversity were found to be similar between GD patients and healthy controls. However, principal coordinate analysis and partial least squares-discriminant analysis showed that the overall gut microbiota composition was significantly different (ANOSIM; p < 0.001). The linear discriminant analysis effect size revealed that Firmicutes phylum decreased in GD patients, with a corresponding increase in Bacteroidetes phylum compared to healthy controls. In addition, the families Prevotellaceae, and Veillonellaceae and the genus Prevotella_9 were closely associated with GD patients, while the families Lachnospiraceae and Ruminococcaceae and the genera Faecalibacterium, Lachnospira, and Lachnospiraceae NK4A136 were associated with healthy controls. Metagenomic profiles analysis yielded 22 statistically significant bacterial taxa: 18 taxa were increased and 4 taxa were decreased. Key bacterial taxa with different abundances between the two groups were strongly correlated with GD-associated clinical parameters using Spearman's correlation analysis. Importantly, the discriminant model based on predominant microbiota could effectively distinguish GD patients from healthy controls (AUC = 0.825). Thus, the gut microbiota composition between GD patients and healthy controls is significantly difference, indicating that gut microbiota may play a role in the pathogenesis of GD. Further studies are needed to fully elucidate the role of gut microbiota in the development of GD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Cheng Chang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Fu Lin
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Szu-Tah Chen
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Pi-Yueh Chang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Ming Yeh
- Genomic Medicine Core Laboratory, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Fu-Sung Lo
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Jang-Jih Lu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
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73
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Ma J, Gong S, He Y, Gao W, Hao W, Lan X. Effects of oral sialic acid on gut development, liver function and gut microbiota in mice. Lett Appl Microbiol 2021; 73:20-25. [PMID: 33386625 DOI: 10.1111/lam.13447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 12/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Sialic acid (N-acetylneuraminic acid), a 9-carbon monosaccharide, has been widely studied in immunology, oncology and neurology. However, the effects of sialic acid on organ and intestinal development, liver function and gut microbiota were rarely studied. In this study, we found that oral sialic acid tended to increase the relative weight of liver and decreased the serum aspartate aminotransferase (GPT) activity. In addition, sialic acid treatment markedly reduced gut villus length, depth, the ratio of villus length/depth (L/D), areas, width and the number of goblet cells. Furthermore, gut microbes were changed in response to oral sialic acid, such as Staphylococcus lentus, Corynebacterium stationis, Corynebacterium urealyticum, Jeotgalibaca sp_PTS2502, Ignatzschineria indica, Sporosarcina pasteurii, Sporosarcina sp_HW10C2, Facklamia tabacinasalis, Oblitimonas alkaliphila, Erysipelatoclostridium ramosum, Blautia sp_YL58, Bacteroids thetaiotaomicron, Morganella morganii, Clostridioides difficile, Helicobacter tryphlonius, Clostridium sp_Clone47, Alistipes finegoldii, [pseudomonas]_geniculata and Pseudomonas parafulva at the species level. In conclusion, oral sialic acid altered the intestinal pathological state and microbial compositions, and the effect of sialic acid on host health should be further studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Ma
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - S Gong
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Y He
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - W Gao
- Animal Husbandry and Aquatic Affairs Center of Shimen County, Changde, Hunan, China
| | - W Hao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - X Lan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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74
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Thavamani A, Salem I, Sferra TJ, Sankararaman S. Impact of Altered Gut Microbiota and Its Metabolites in Cystic Fibrosis. Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11020123. [PMID: 33671639 PMCID: PMC7926988 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11020123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is the most common lethal, multisystemic genetic disorder in Caucasians. Mutations in the gene encoding the cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator (CFTR) protein are responsible for impairment of epithelial anionic transport, leading to impaired fluid regulation and pH imbalance across multiple organs. Gastrointestinal (GI) manifestations in CF may begin in utero and continue throughout the life, resulting in a chronic state of an altered intestinal milieu. Inherent dysfunction of CFTR leads to dysbiosis of the gut. This state of dysbiosis is further perpetuated by acquired factors such as use of antibiotics for recurrent pulmonary exacerbations. Since the gastrointestinal microbiome and their metabolites play a vital role in nutrition, metabolic, inflammatory, and immune functions, the gut dysbiosis will in turn impact various manifestations of CF-both GI and extra-GI. This review focuses on the consequences of gut dysbiosis and its metabolic implications on CF disease and possible ways to restore homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aravind Thavamani
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, UH Rainbow Babies & Children’s Hospital, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; (A.T.); (T.J.S.)
| | - Iman Salem
- Center for Medial Mycology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, UH Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA;
| | - Thomas J. Sferra
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, UH Rainbow Babies & Children’s Hospital, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; (A.T.); (T.J.S.)
| | - Senthilkumar Sankararaman
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, UH Rainbow Babies & Children’s Hospital, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; (A.T.); (T.J.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-216-844-1765
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75
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Intestinal Dysbiosis in Young Cystic Fibrosis Rabbits. J Pers Med 2021; 11:jpm11020132. [PMID: 33669429 PMCID: PMC7920415 DOI: 10.3390/jpm11020132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Individuals with cystic fibrosis (CF) often experience gastrointestinal (GI) abnormalities. In recent years, the intestinal microbiome has been postulated as a contributor to the development of CF-associated GI complications, hence representing a potential therapeutic target for treatment. We recently developed a rabbit model of CF, which is shown to manifest many human patient-like pathological changes, including intestinal obstruction. Here, we investigated the feces microbiome in young CF rabbits in the absence of antibiotics treatment. Stool samples were collected from seven- to nine-week-old CF rabbits (n = 7) and age-matched wild-type (WT) rabbits (n = 6). Microbiomes were investigated by iTag sequencing of 16S rRNA genes, and functional profiles were predicted using PICRUSt. Consistent with reports of those in pediatric CF patients, the fecal microbiomes of CF rabbits are of lower richness and diversity than that of WT rabbits, with a marked taxonomic and inferred functional dysbiosis. Our work identified a new CF animal model with the manifestation of intestinal dysbiosis phenotype. This model system may facilitate the research and development of novel treatments for CF-associated gastrointestinal diseases.
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76
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Pope CE, Vo AT, Hayden HS, Weiss EJ, Durfey S, McNamara S, Ratjen A, Grogan B, Carter S, Nay L, Parsek MR, Singh PK, McKone EF, Aitken ML, Rosenfeld MR, Hoffman LR. Changes in fecal microbiota with CFTR modulator therapy: A pilot study. J Cyst Fibros 2021; 20:742-746. [PMID: 33390317 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcf.2020.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Studies have demonstrated that people with CF with pancreatic insufficiency (PI) have fecal dysbioses. Evidence suggests the causes of these dysbioses are multifactorial, and that important drivers include antibiotic exposure, dietary intake, and CF gastrointestinal tract dysfunction, including nutrient malabsorption. In this pilot study, we tested whether initiation of the CFTR modulator treatments ivacaftor (in a cohort of pancreatic sufficient (PS) people with CF and an R117H CFTR variant) or lumacaftor/ivacaftor (in a cohort of PI people with CF and an F508del variant) changed fecal measures of malabsorption or fecal microbiomes. While we identified no statistically significant fecal changes with either treatment, we detected trends in the PI cohort when initiating lumacaftor/ivacaftor towards decreased fecal fat content and towards fecal microbiomes that more closely resembled the fecal microbiota of people without PI. While these findings support a model in which nutrient malabsorption resulting from CF-induced PI drives fecal dysbiosis, they must be validated in future, larger studies of fecal microbiome and malabsorption outcomes with highly effective CFTR modulator therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- C E Pope
- University of Washington, Seattle, USA
| | - A T Vo
- University of Washington, Seattle, USA
| | | | - E J Weiss
- University of Washington, Seattle, USA
| | - S Durfey
- University of Washington, Seattle, USA
| | | | - A Ratjen
- University of Washington, Seattle, USA
| | - B Grogan
- St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - S Carter
- St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - L Nay
- University of Washington, Seattle, USA
| | | | - P K Singh
- University of Washington, Seattle, USA
| | - E F McKone
- St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
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77
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Beaufils F, Mas E, Mittaine M, Addra M, Fayon M, Delhaes L, Clouzeau H, Galode F, Lamireau T, Bui S, Enaud R. Increased Fecal Calprotectin Is Associated with Worse Gastrointestinal Symptoms and Quality of Life Scores in Children with Cystic Fibrosis. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9124080. [PMID: 33348735 PMCID: PMC7766355 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9124080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In cystic fibrosis (CF), cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator (CFTR) dysfunction leads to digestive disorders that promote intestinal inflammation and dysbiosis enhancing gastrointestinal symptoms. In pancreatic insufficiency CF patients, both intestinal inflammation and dysbiosis, are associated with an increase in the fecal calprotectin (FC) level. However, associations between the FC level, gastrointestinal symptoms, and quality of life (QoL) remain poorly studied. We aimed to assess such associations in pancreatic insufficiency CF children. The FC level was measured in pancreatic insufficiency CF children’s stool samples. Children and their parents completed two questionnaires: The Gastrointestinal Symptoms Scales 3.0-PedsQLTM and the Quality of Life Pediatric Inventory 4.0-PedsQLTM. Lower scores indicated worse symptomatology or QoL. Thirty-seven CF children were included. A FC level above 250 µg/g was associated with worse gastrointestinal symptoms and QoL scores. The FC level was inversely correlated with several gastrointestinal scores assessed by children (i.e., Total, “Heart Burn Reflux”, “Nausea and Vomiting”, and “Gas and Bloating”). Several QoL scores were correlated with gastrointestinal scores. The FC level was weakly associated with clinical parameters. Some gastrointestinal and QoL scores were related to disease severity associated parameters. In CF, the FC level, biomarker previously related to intestinal inflammation and dysbiosis, was associated with worse digestive symptoms and QoL scores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabien Beaufils
- CHU Bordeaux, CRCM Pédiatrique, CIC 1401, Place Amélie Raba Léon, F-33000 Bordeaux, France; (M.F.); (L.D.); (H.C.); (F.G.); (T.L.); (S.B.); (R.E.)
- Centre de Recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux, INSERM, University Bordeaux, U1045, F-33000 Bordeaux, France;
- Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire FHU, ACRONIM, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-5-56-79-98-24
| | - Emmanuel Mas
- CHU Toulouse, CRCM Pédiatrique, F-31300 Toulouse, France; (E.M.); (M.M.)
- INSERM, INRA, ENVT, Université de Toulouse, UPS, F-31000 Toulouse, France
- Unité de Gastroentérologie, Hépatologie, Nutrition, Diabétologie et Maladies Héréditaires du Métabolisme, Hôpital des Enfants, CHU de Toulouse, F-31300 Toulouse, France
| | - Marie Mittaine
- CHU Toulouse, CRCM Pédiatrique, F-31300 Toulouse, France; (E.M.); (M.M.)
| | - Martin Addra
- Centre de Recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux, INSERM, University Bordeaux, U1045, F-33000 Bordeaux, France;
| | - Michael Fayon
- CHU Bordeaux, CRCM Pédiatrique, CIC 1401, Place Amélie Raba Léon, F-33000 Bordeaux, France; (M.F.); (L.D.); (H.C.); (F.G.); (T.L.); (S.B.); (R.E.)
- Centre de Recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux, INSERM, University Bordeaux, U1045, F-33000 Bordeaux, France;
- Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire FHU, ACRONIM, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Laurence Delhaes
- CHU Bordeaux, CRCM Pédiatrique, CIC 1401, Place Amélie Raba Léon, F-33000 Bordeaux, France; (M.F.); (L.D.); (H.C.); (F.G.); (T.L.); (S.B.); (R.E.)
- Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire FHU, ACRONIM, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
- CHU Toulouse, CRCM Pédiatrique, F-31300 Toulouse, France; (E.M.); (M.M.)
- CHU Bordeaux, Service de Parasitologie-Mycologie, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Haude Clouzeau
- CHU Bordeaux, CRCM Pédiatrique, CIC 1401, Place Amélie Raba Léon, F-33000 Bordeaux, France; (M.F.); (L.D.); (H.C.); (F.G.); (T.L.); (S.B.); (R.E.)
- Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire FHU, ACRONIM, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - François Galode
- CHU Bordeaux, CRCM Pédiatrique, CIC 1401, Place Amélie Raba Léon, F-33000 Bordeaux, France; (M.F.); (L.D.); (H.C.); (F.G.); (T.L.); (S.B.); (R.E.)
- Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire FHU, ACRONIM, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Thierry Lamireau
- CHU Bordeaux, CRCM Pédiatrique, CIC 1401, Place Amélie Raba Léon, F-33000 Bordeaux, France; (M.F.); (L.D.); (H.C.); (F.G.); (T.L.); (S.B.); (R.E.)
- Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire FHU, ACRONIM, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Stéphanie Bui
- CHU Bordeaux, CRCM Pédiatrique, CIC 1401, Place Amélie Raba Léon, F-33000 Bordeaux, France; (M.F.); (L.D.); (H.C.); (F.G.); (T.L.); (S.B.); (R.E.)
- Centre de Recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux, INSERM, University Bordeaux, U1045, F-33000 Bordeaux, France;
- Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire FHU, ACRONIM, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Raphaël Enaud
- CHU Bordeaux, CRCM Pédiatrique, CIC 1401, Place Amélie Raba Léon, F-33000 Bordeaux, France; (M.F.); (L.D.); (H.C.); (F.G.); (T.L.); (S.B.); (R.E.)
- Centre de Recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux, INSERM, University Bordeaux, U1045, F-33000 Bordeaux, France;
- Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire FHU, ACRONIM, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
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78
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Reduced Intestinal Inflammation With Lumacaftor/Ivacaftor in Adolescents With Cystic Fibrosis. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2020; 71:778-781. [PMID: 32740537 DOI: 10.1097/mpg.0000000000002864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
A chronic intestinal inflammation may occur in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF), while no therapeutic management is proposed. Although Lumacaftor/Ivacaftor is well-known to modulate the defective cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) protein in lungs, no data are available on the impact of this treatment on CF intestinal disorders. We, therefore, investigated the evolution of intestinal inflammation after initiation of Lumacaftor/Ivacaftor in CF adolescents (median of follow-up: 336 days [IQR: 278;435]). Median fecal calprotectin concentrations decreased significantly after Lumacaftor/Ivacaftor initiation (102 μg/g [IQR: 69-210]) compared with the baseline (713 μg/g (IQR:148-852), P = 0.001). To our knowledge, this study showed for the first time that CF-related intestinal inflammation is improved by Lumacaftor/Ivacaftor treatment.
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79
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The Gut Microbiota and Respiratory Diseases: New Evidence. J Immunol Res 2020; 2020:2340670. [PMID: 32802893 PMCID: PMC7415116 DOI: 10.1155/2020/2340670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 06/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Human body surfaces, such as the skin, intestines, and respiratory and urogenital tracts, are colonized by a large number of microorganisms, including bacteria, fungi, and viruses, with the gut being the most densely and extensively colonized organ. The microbiome plays an essential role in immune system development and tissue homeostasis. Gut microbiota dysbiosis not only modulates the immune responses of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract but also impacts the immunity of distal organs, such as the lung, further affecting lung health and respiratory diseases. Here, we review the recent evidence of the correlations and underlying mechanisms of the relationship between the gut microbiota and common respiratory diseases, including asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), cystic fibrosis (CF), lung cancer, and respiratory infection, and probiotic development as a therapeutic intervention for these diseases.
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80
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Kristensen M, Prevaes SMPJ, Kalkman G, Tramper-Stranders GA, Hasrat R, de Winter-de Groot KM, Janssens HM, Tiddens HA, van Westreenen M, Sanders EAM, Arets B, Keijser B, van der Ent CK, Bogaert D. Development of the gut microbiota in early life: The impact of cystic fibrosis and antibiotic treatment. J Cyst Fibros 2020; 19:553-561. [PMID: 32487494 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcf.2020.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Patients with Cystic Fibrosis (CF) suffer from pancreatic insufficiency, lipid malabsorption and gastrointestinal complaints, next to progressive pulmonary disease. Altered mucosal homoeostasis due to malfunctioning chloride channels results in an adapted microbial composition of the gastrointestinal and the respiratory tract. Additionally, antibiotic treatment has the potential to distort resident microbial communities dramatically. This study aims to investigate early life development of the gut microbial community composition of children with CF compared to healthy infants and to study the independent effects of antibiotics taking into account other clinical and lifestyle factors. STUDY DESIGN Faecal samples from 20 infants with CF and 45 healthy infants were collected regularly during the first 18 months of life and microbial composition was determined using 16S rRNA based sequencing. RESULTS We observed significant differences in the overall microbiota composition between infants with CF and healthy infants (p<0.001). Akkermansia and Anaerostipes were significantly more abundant in control infants, whereas Streptococci and E. coli were significantly more abundant in infants with CF, also after correction for several clinical factors (p<0.05). Antibiotic use in infants with CF was associated with a lower alpha diversity, a reduced abundance of Bifidobacterium and Bacteroides, and a higher abundance of Enterococcus. CONCLUSION Microbial development of the gut is different in infants with CF compared to healthy infants from the first months of life on, and further deviates over time, in part as a result of antibiotic treatment. The resulting dysbiosis may have significant functional consequences for the microbial ecosystem in CF patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maartje Kristensen
- Department of Pediatric pulmonology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, the Netherlands.
| | - Sabine M P J Prevaes
- Department of Pediatric pulmonology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Gino Kalkman
- Microbiology and Systems Biology, TNO, Zeist, the Netherlands
| | | | - Raiza Hasrat
- Department of Pediatric infectious diseases and immunology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Karin M de Winter-de Groot
- Department of Pediatric pulmonology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Hettie M Janssens
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology and Allergology, Sophia Children's Hospital, Erasmus University Medical Center, the Netherlands
| | - Harm A Tiddens
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology and Allergology, Sophia Children's Hospital, Erasmus University Medical Center, the Netherlands
| | - Mireille van Westreenen
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Erasmus University Medical Center, the Netherlands
| | - Elisabeth A M Sanders
- Department of Pediatric infectious diseases and immunology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, the Netherlands; Rijksinstituut voor Volksgezondheid en Milieu, Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Bert Arets
- Department of Pediatric pulmonology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Bart Keijser
- Microbiology and Systems Biology, TNO, Zeist, the Netherlands
| | - Cornelis K van der Ent
- Department of Pediatric pulmonology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Debby Bogaert
- Department of Pediatric infectious diseases and immunology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, the Netherlands; The Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom.
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81
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Woods DF, Kozak IM, O'Gara F. Microbiome and Functional Analysis of a Traditional Food Process: Isolation of a Novel Species ( Vibrio hibernica) With Industrial Potential. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:647. [PMID: 32373093 PMCID: PMC7179675 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Traditional food preservation processes are vital for the food industry. They not only preserve a high-quality protein and nutrient source but can also provide important value-added organoleptic properties. The Wiltshire process is a traditional food curing method applied to meat, and special recognition is given to the maintenance of a live rich microflora within the curing brine. We have previously analyzed a curing brine from this traditional meat process and characterized a unique microbial core signature. The characteristic microbial community is actively maintained and includes the genera, Marinilactibacillus, Carnobacterium, Leuconostoc, and Vibrio. The bacteria present are vital for Wiltshire curing compliance. However, the exact function of this microflora is largely unknown. A microbiome profiling of three curing brines was conducted and investigated for functional traits by the robust bioinformatic tool, Tax4Fun. The key objective was to uncover putative metabolic functions associated with the live brine and to identify changes over time. The functional bioinformatic analysis revealed metabolic enrichments over time, with many of the pathways identified as being involved in organoleptic development. The core bacteria present in the brine are Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB), with the exception of the Vibrio genus. LAB are known for their positive contribution to food processing, however, little work has been conducted on the use of Vibrio species for beneficial processes. The Vibrio genome was sequenced by Illumina MiSeq technologies and annotated in RAST. A phylogenetic reconstruction was completed using both the 16S rRNA gene and housekeeping genes, gapA, ftsZ, mreB, topA, gyrB, pyrH, recA, and rpoA. The isolated Vibrio species was defined as a unique novel species, named Vibrio hibernica strain B1.19. Metabolic profiling revealed that the bacterium has a unique substrate scope in comparison to other closely related Vibrio species tested. The possible function and industrial potential of the strain was investigated using carbohydrate metabolizing profiling under food processing relevant conditions. Vibrio hibernica is capable of metabolizing a unique carbohydrate profile at low temperatures. This characteristic provides new application options for use in the industrial food sector, as well as highlighting the key role of this bacterium in the Wiltshire curing process.
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Affiliation(s)
- David F Woods
- BIOMERIT Research Centre, School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Iwona M Kozak
- BIOMERIT Research Centre, School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Fergal O'Gara
- BIOMERIT Research Centre, School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,Human Microbiome Programme, School of Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia.,Telethon Kids Institute, Perth Children's Hospital, Perth, WA, Australia
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