51
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Rodgers ML, Takeshita R, Griffitt RJ. Deepwater Horizon oil alone and in conjunction with Vibrio anguillarum exposure modulates immune response and growth in red snapper (Lutjanus campechanus). AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2018; 204:91-99. [PMID: 30223188 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2018.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Revised: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This study examined the impacts of Macondo oil from the Deepwater Horizon oil spill, both alone and in conjunction with exposure to the known fish pathogen Vibrio anguillarum, on the expression of five immune-related gene transcripts of red snapper (il8, il10, tnfa, il1b, and igm). In order to elucidate this impact, six different test conditions were used: one Control group (No oil/No pathogen), one Low oil/No pathogen group (tPAH50 = 0.563 μg/L), one High oil/No pathogen group (tPAH50 = 17.084 μg/L, one No oil/Pathogen group, one Low oil/Pathogen group (tPAH50 = 0.736 μg/L), and one High oil/Pathogen group (tPAH50 = 15.799 μg/L). Fish were exposed to their respective oil concentrations for one week. On day 7 of the experiment, all fish were placed into new tanks (with or without V. anguillarum) for one hour. At three time points (day 8, day 10, and day 17), fish organs were harvested and placed into RNAlater, and qPCR was run for examination of the above specific immune genes as well as cyp1a1. Our results suggest that cyp1a1 transcripts were upregulated in oil-exposed groups throughout the experiment, confirming oil exposure, and that all five immune gene transcripts were upregulated on day 8, but were generally downregulated or showed no differences from controls on days 10 and 17. Finally, both oil and pathogen exposure had impacts on growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria L Rodgers
- Division of Coastal Sciences, School of Ocean Science and Technology, University of Southern Mississippi, Ocean Springs, MS, 39564, USA
| | - Ryan Takeshita
- Abt Associates, 1881 Ninth Street, Suite 201, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Robert J Griffitt
- Division of Coastal Sciences, School of Ocean Science and Technology, University of Southern Mississippi, Ocean Springs, MS, 39564, USA.
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52
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Perrichon P, Mager EM, Pasparakis C, Stieglitz JD, Benetti DD, Grosell M, Burggren WW. Combined effects of elevated temperature and Deepwater Horizon oil exposure on the cardiac performance of larval mahi-mahi, Coryphaena hippurus. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0203949. [PMID: 30332409 PMCID: PMC6192557 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0203949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The 2010 Deepwater Horizon oil spill coincided with the spawning season of many pelagic fish species in the Gulf of Mexico. Yet, few studies have investigated physiological responses of larval fish to interactions between anthropogenic crude oil exposure and natural factors (e.g. temperature, oxygen levels). Consequently, mahi mahi (Coryphaena hippurus) embryos were exposed for 24 hours to combinations of two temperatures (26 and 30°C) and six concentrations of oiled fractions of weathered oil (from 0 to 44.1 μg ∑50PAHs·L-1). In 56 hours post-fertilization larvae, heart rate, stroke volume and cardiac output were measured as indicators of functional cardiac phenotypes. Fluid accumulation and incidence of edema and hematomas were quantified as indicators of morphological impairments. At both 26 and 30°C, oil-exposed larvae suffered dose-dependent morphological impairments and functional heart failure. Elevation of temperature to 30°C appeared to induce greater physiological responses (bradycardia) at PAH concentrations in the range of 3.0–14.9 μg·L-1. Conversely, elevated temperature in oil-exposed larvae reduced edema severity and hematoma incidence. However, the apparent protective role of warmer temperature does not appear to protect against enhanced mortality. Collectively, our findings show that elevated temperature may slightly decrease larval resilience to concurrent oil exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prescilla Perrichon
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Edward M. Mager
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas, United States of America
| | - Christina Pasparakis
- Department of Marine Biology and Ecology, University of Miami, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - John D. Stieglitz
- Department of Marine Biology and Ecology, University of Miami, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Daniel D. Benetti
- Department of Marine Ecosystems and Society, University of Miami, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Martin Grosell
- Department of Marine Biology and Ecology, University of Miami, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Warren W. Burggren
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas, United States of America
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53
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Alderman SL, Lin F, Gillis TE, Farrell AP, Kennedy CJ. Developmental and latent effects of diluted bitumen exposure on early life stages of sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka). AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2018; 202:6-15. [PMID: 29966910 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2018.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Revised: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The early life stages of Pacific salmon are at risk of environmental exposure to diluted bitumen (dilbit) as Canada's oil sands industry continues to expand. The toxicity and latent effects of dilbit exposure were assessed in sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) exposed to water-soluble fractions of dilbit (WSFd) from fertilization to the swim-up stage, and then reared in clean water for 8 months. Mortality was significantly higher in WSFd-exposed embryos, with cumulative mortality up to 4.6-fold higher in exposed relative to unexposed embryos. The sublethal effects of WSFd exposure included transcriptional up-regulation of cyp1a, a concentration-dependent delay in the onset and progression of hatching, as well as increased prevalence of developmental deformities at total polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (TPAH) concentrations ≥35 μg L-1. Growth and body composition were negatively affected by WSFd exposure, including a concentration-specific decrease in soluble protein concentration and increases in total body lipid and triglyceride concentrations. Mortality continued during the first 2 months after transferring fish to clean water, reaching 53% in fish exposed to 100 μg L-1 TPAH; but there was no latent impact on swimming performance, heart mass, or heart morphology in surviving fish after 8 months. A latent effect of WSFd exposure on brain morphology was observed, with fish exposed to 4 μg L-1 TPAH having significantly larger brains compared to other treatment groups after 8 months in clean water. This study provides comprehensive data on the acute, sub-chronic, and latent impacts of dilbit exposure in early life stage sockeye, information that is critical for a proper risk analysis of the impact of a dilbit spill on this socioeconomically important fish species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah L Alderman
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Feng Lin
- Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Todd E Gillis
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Anthony P Farrell
- Department of Zoology and Faculty of Land and Food Systems, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Christopher J Kennedy
- Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada.
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54
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Pan YK, Khursigara AJ, Johansen JL, Esbaugh AJ. The effects of oil induced respiratory impairment on two indices of hypoxia tolerance in Atlantic croaker (Micropogonias undulatus). CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 200:143-150. [PMID: 29477763 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.02.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2011] [Revised: 01/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The Gulf of Mexico was home to the Deepwater Horizon oil spill, and is also known to exhibit seasonal declines in oxygen availability. Oil exposure in fish is known to impact oxygen uptake through cardiac impairment, which raises questions about the additive effects of these two stressors. Here we explore this question on the Atlantic croaker using two measures of hypoxia tolerance: critical oxygen threshold (Pcrit), and time to loss of equilibrium (LOE). We first demonstrated that 24 h exposure to 10.1 and 23.2 μg l-1 ΣPAH50 significantly impaired oxygen uptake. There was no effect of exposure on Pcrit or LOE. Exposure did result in significantly different repeatability between pre- and post-exposure Pcrit, suggesting that hypoxia tolerant individual may see greater impacts following exposure. These results suggest oil exposure does not have wide scale detrimental outcomes for hypoxia tolerance in fish, yet there may be fine scale impairments of ecological significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihang K Pan
- University of Texas Marine Science Institute, 750 Channel View Dr., Port Aransas, TX 78373, USA
| | - Alexis J Khursigara
- University of Texas Marine Science Institute, 750 Channel View Dr., Port Aransas, TX 78373, USA
| | - Jacob L Johansen
- University of Texas Marine Science Institute, 750 Channel View Dr., Port Aransas, TX 78373, USA
| | - Andrew J Esbaugh
- University of Texas Marine Science Institute, 750 Channel View Dr., Port Aransas, TX 78373, USA.
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55
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Sweet LE, Revill AT, Strzelecki J, Hook SE, Morris JM, Roberts AP. Photo-induced toxicity following exposure to crude oil and ultraviolet radiation in 2 Australian fishes. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2018; 37:1359-1366. [PMID: 29323733 DOI: 10.1002/etc.4083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Revised: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Some polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), components of crude oil, are known to cause increased toxicity when organisms are co-exposed with ultraviolet radiation, resulting in photo-induced toxicity. The photodynamic characteristics of some PAHs are of particular concern to places like Australia with high ultraviolet radiation levels. The objective of the present study was to characterize the photo-induced toxicity of an Australian North West Shelf oil to early life stage yellowtail kingfish (Seriola lalandi) and black bream (Acanthopagrus butcheri). The fish were exposed to high-energy water accommodated fractions for 24 to 36 h. During the exposure, the fish were either co-exposed to full-intensity or filtered natural sunlight and then transferred to clean water. At 48 h, survival, cardiac effects, and spinal deformities were assessed. Yellowtail kingfish embryos co-exposed to oil and full-spectrum sunlight exhibited decreased hatching success and a higher incidence of cardiac arrhythmias, compared with filtered sunlight. A significant increase in the incidence of pericardial edema occurred in black bream embryos co-exposed to full-spectrum sunlight. These results highlight the need for more studies investigating the effects of PAHs and photo-induced toxicity under environmental conditions relevant to Australia. Environ Toxicol Chem 2018;37:1359-1366. © 2018 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren E Sweet
- Department of Biological Sciences and Advanced Environmental Research Institute, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas, USA
| | - Andrew T Revill
- Oceans and Atmosphere, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Joanna Strzelecki
- Indian Ocean Marine Research Centre, Oceans and Atmosphere, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Sharon E Hook
- Oceans and Atmosphere, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Lucas Heights, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | - Aaron P Roberts
- Department of Biological Sciences and Advanced Environmental Research Institute, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas, USA
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56
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Cox GK, Crossley DA, Stieglitz JD, Heuer RM, Benetti DD, Grosell M. Oil Exposure Impairs In Situ Cardiac Function in Response to β-Adrenergic Stimulation in Cobia (Rachycentron canadum). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2017; 51:14390-14396. [PMID: 29132212 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.7b03820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Aqueous crude oil spills expose fish to varying concentrations of dissolved polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), which can have lethal and sublethal effects. The heart is particularly vulnerable in early life stages, as PAH toxicity causes developmental cardiac abnormalities and impaired cardiovascular function. However, cardiac responses of juvenile and adult fish to acute oil exposure remain poorly understood. We sought to assess cardiac function in a pelagic fish species, the cobia (Rachycentron canadum), following acute (24 h) exposure to two ecologically relevant levels of dissolved PAHs. Cardiac power output (CPO) was used to quantify cardiovascular performance using an in situ heart preparation. Cardiovascular performance was varied using multiple concentrations of the β-adrenoceptor agonist isoproterenol (ISO) and by varying afterload pressures. Oil exposure adversely affected CPO with control fish achieving maximum CPO's (4 mW g-1 Mv) greater than that of oil-exposed fish (1 mW g-1 Mv) at ISO concentrations of 1 × 10-6 M. However, the highest concentration of ISO (1 × 10-5 M) rescued cardiac function. This indicates an interactive effect between oil-exposure and β-adrenergic stimulation and suggests if animals achieve very large increases in β-adrenergic stimulation it could play a compensatory role that may mitigate some adverse effects of oil-exposure in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgina K Cox
- Department of Marine Biology and Ecology, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Miami , Miami, Florida 33149-1098, United States
| | - Dane A Crossley
- University of North Texas , Department of Biological Sciences, 1155 Union Circle, Denton, Texas 76203, United States
| | - John D Stieglitz
- Department of Marine Ecosystems and Society, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Miami , Miami, Florida 33149-1098, United States
| | - Rachael M Heuer
- Department of Marine Biology and Ecology, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Miami , Miami, Florida 33149-1098, United States
| | - Daniel D Benetti
- Department of Marine Ecosystems and Society, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Miami , Miami, Florida 33149-1098, United States
| | - Martin Grosell
- Department of Marine Biology and Ecology, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Miami , Miami, Florida 33149-1098, United States
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57
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Folkerts EJ, Blewett TA, He Y, Goss GG. Cardio-respirometry disruption in zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos exposed to hydraulic fracturing flowback and produced water. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2017; 231:1477-1487. [PMID: 28928018 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2017] [Revised: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Hydraulic fracturing to extract oil and natural gas reserves is an increasing practice in many international energy sectors. Hydraulic fracturing flowback and produced water (FPW) is a hyper saline wastewater returned to the surface from a fractured well containing chemical species present in the initial fracturing fluid, geogenic contaminants, and potentially newly synthesized chemicals formed in the fracturing well environment. However, information on FPW toxicological mechanisms of action remain largely unknown. Both cardiotoxic and respirometric responses were explored in zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos after either an acute sediment-free (FPW-SF) or raw/sediment containing (FPW-S) fraction exposure of 24 and 48 h at 2.5% and 5% dilutions. A 48 h exposure to either FPW fraction in 24-72 h post fertilization zebrafish embryos significantly increased occurrences of pericardial edema, yolk-sac edema, and tail/spine curvature. In contrast, larval heart rates significantly decreased after FPW fraction exposures. FPW-S, but not FPW-SF, at 2.5% doses significantly reduced embryonic respiration/metabolic rates (MO2), while for 5% FPW, both fractions reduced MO2. Expression of select cardiac genes were also significantly altered in each FPW exposure group, implicating a cardiovascular system compromise as the potential cause for reduced embryonic MO2. Collectively, these results support our hypothesis that organics are major contributors to cardiac and respiratory responses to FPW exposure in zebrafish embryos. Our study is the first to investigate cardiac and respiratory sub-lethal effects of FPW exposure, demonstrating that FPW effects extend beyond initial osmotic stressors and verifies the use of respirometry as a potential marker for FPW exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik J Folkerts
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
| | - Tamzin A Blewett
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Yuhe He
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Greg G Goss
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; National Institute for Nanotechnology, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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58
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Folkerts EJ, Blewett TA, He Y, Goss GG. Alterations to Juvenile Zebrafish (Danio rerio) Swim Performance after Acute Embryonic Exposure to Sub-lethal Exposures of Hydraulic Fracturing Flowback and Produced Water. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2017; 193:50-59. [PMID: 29035725 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2017.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Revised: 10/04/2017] [Accepted: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Hydraulic fracturing flowback and produced water (FPW) is a wastewater produced during fracturing activities in an operating well which is hyper saline and chemically heterogeneous in nature, containing both anthropogenic and petrogenic chemicals. Determination of FPW associated toxicity to embryonic fish is limited, while investigation into how embryonic exposures may affect later life stages is not yet studied. Zebrafish embryos (24hrs post fertilization) were acutely exposed to 2.5% and 5% FPW fractions for either 24 or 48hrs and returned to freshwater. After either 24 or 48h exposures, embryos were examined for expression of 3 hypoxia related genes. Erythropoietin (epoa) but not hypoxia inducible factor (hif1aa) nor hemoglobin -ß chain (hbbe1.1) was up-regulated after either 24 or 48h FPW exposure. Surviving embryos were placed in freshwater and grown to a juvenile stage (60days post fertilization). Previously exposed zebrafish were analyzed for both swim performance (Ucrit and Umax) and aerobic capacity. Fish exposed to both sediment containing (FPW-S) or sediment free (FPW-SF) FPW displayed significantly reduced aerobic scope and Ucrit/Umax values compared to control conditions. Our results collectively suggest that organics present in our FPW sample may be responsible for sub-lethal fitness and metabolic responses. We provide evidence supporting the theory that the cardio-respiratory system is impacted by FPW exposure. This is the first known research associating embryonic FPW exposures to sub-lethal performance related responses in later life fish stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik J Folkerts
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2R3, Canada.
| | - Tamzin A Blewett
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - Yuhe He
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - Greg G Goss
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2R3, Canada; National Institute for Nanotechnology, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2M9, Canada
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59
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Nelson D, Stieglitz JD, Cox GK, Heuer RM, Benetti DD, Grosell M, Crossley DA. Cardio-respiratory function during exercise in the cobia, Rachycentron canadum: The impact of crude oil exposure. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2017; 201:58-65. [PMID: 28923244 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2017.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Revised: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Aerobic exercise capacity is dependent on the cardiorespiratory system's ability to supply oxygen at a rate that meets energetic demands. In teleost fish crude oil exposure, with the associated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH's), reduces exercise performance and this has been hypothesized to be due to compromised cardiovascular function. In this study, we test this hypothesis by simultaneously measuring cardiovascular performance, oxygen consumption, and swim performance in a pelagic teleost, the cobia (Rachycentron canadum). Metabolic rate increased over 300% in both groups during the swim trial but as the fish approached the critical swim speed (Ucrit) MO2 was 12% lower in the oil exposed fish. Further, stroke volume was initially 35% lower while heart rate was 15% higher in the oil exposed compared to control fish. Our findings suggested, while aspects of cardiovascular and metabolic function are altered by oil exposure, additional studies are needed to further understand the homeostatic mechanisms that may sustain cardiovascular function at higher exercise intensities in cobia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek Nelson
- University of North Texas, Department of Biological Sciences, 1155 Union Circle, Denton, TX 76203, United States
| | - John D Stieglitz
- Division of Marine Biology and Ecology, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33149-1098, United States
| | - Georgina K Cox
- Division of Marine Biology and Ecology, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33149-1098, United States
| | - Rachael M Heuer
- University of North Texas, Department of Biological Sciences, 1155 Union Circle, Denton, TX 76203, United States
| | - Daniel D Benetti
- Division of Marine Biology and Ecology, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33149-1098, United States
| | - Martin Grosell
- Division of Marine Biology and Ecology, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33149-1098, United States
| | - Dane A Crossley
- University of North Texas, Department of Biological Sciences, 1155 Union Circle, Denton, TX 76203, United States.
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60
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Xu EG, Khursigara AJ, Magnuson J, Hazard ES, Hardiman G, Esbaugh AJ, Roberts AP, Schlenk D. Larval Red Drum (Sciaenops ocellatus) Sublethal Exposure to Weathered Deepwater Horizon Crude Oil: Developmental and Transcriptomic Consequences. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2017; 51:10162-10172. [PMID: 28768411 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.7b02037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The Deepwater Horizon (DWH) incident resulted in extensive oiling of the pelagic zone and shoreline habitats of many commercially important fish species. Exposure to the water-accommodated fraction (WAF) of oil from the spill causes developmental toxicity through cardiac defects in pelagic fish species. However, few studies have evaluated the effects of the oil on near-shore estuarine fish species such as red drum (Sciaenops ocellatus). Following exposure to a certified weathered slick oil (4.74 μg/L ∑PAH50) from the DWH event, significant sublethal impacts were observed ranging from impaired nervous system development [average 17 and 22% reductions in brain and eye area at 48 h postfertilization (hpf), respectively] to abnormal cardiac morphology (100% incidence at 24, 48, and 72 hpf) in red drum larvae. Consistent with the phenotypic responses, significantly differentially expressed transcripts, enriched gene ontology, and altered functions and canonical pathways predicted adverse outcomes in nervous and cardiovascular systems, with more pronounced changes at later larval stages. Our study demonstrated that the WAF of weathered slick oil of DWH caused morphological abnormalities predicted by a suite of advanced bioinformatic tools in early developing red drum and also provided the basis for a better understanding of molecular mechanisms of crude oil toxicity in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elvis Genbo Xu
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California , Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Alex J Khursigara
- Marine Science Institute, University of Texas at Austin , Port Aransas, Texas 78373, United States
| | - Jason Magnuson
- Department of Biological Sciences & Advanced Environmental Research Institute, University of North Texas , Denton, Texas 76203, United States
| | - E Starr Hazard
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina , Charleston, South Carolina 29403, United States
- Computational Biology Resource Center, Medical University of South Carolina , Charleston, South Carolina 29403, United States
| | - Gary Hardiman
- Computational Biology Resource Center, Medical University of South Carolina , Charleston, South Carolina 29403, United States
- Departments of Medicine and Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina , Charleston, South Carolina 29403, United States
| | - Andrew J Esbaugh
- Marine Science Institute, University of Texas at Austin , Port Aransas, Texas 78373, United States
| | - Aaron P Roberts
- Department of Biological Sciences & Advanced Environmental Research Institute, University of North Texas , Denton, Texas 76203, United States
| | - Daniel Schlenk
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California , Riverside, California 92521, United States
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61
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Incardona JP. Molecular Mechanisms of Crude Oil Developmental Toxicity in Fish. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2017; 73:19-32. [PMID: 28695261 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-017-0381-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
With major oil spills in Korea, the United States, and China in the past decade, there has been a dramatic increase in the number of studies characterizing the developmental toxicity of crude oil and its associated polycyclic aromatic compounds (PACs). The use of model fish species with associated tools for genetic manipulation, combined with high throughput genomics techniques in nonmodel fish species, has led to significant advances in understanding the cellular and molecular bases of functional and morphological defects arising from embryonic exposure to crude oil. Following from the identification of the developing heart as the primary target of crude oil developmental toxicity, studies on individual PACs have revealed a diversity of cardiotoxic mechanisms. For some PACs that are strong agonists of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR), defects in heart development arise in an AHR-dependent manner, which has been shown for potent organochlorine agonists, such as dioxins. However, crude oil contains a much larger fraction of compounds that have been found to interfere directly with cardiomyocyte physiology in an AHR-independent manner. By comparing the cellular and molecular responses to AHR-independent and AHR-dependent toxicity, this review focuses on new insights into heart-specific pathways underlying both acute and secondary adverse outcomes to crude oil exposure during fish development.
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Affiliation(s)
- John P Incardona
- Environmental and Fisheries Sciences Division, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA Fisheries, 2725 Montlake Blvd. E., Seattle, WA, 98112, USA.
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62
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Mager EM, Pasparakis C, Schlenker LS, Yao Z, Bodinier C, Stieglitz JD, Hoenig R, Morris JM, Benetti DD, Grosell M. Assessment of early life stage mahi-mahi windows of sensitivity during acute exposures to Deepwater Horizon crude oil. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2017; 36:1887-1895. [PMID: 28128479 DOI: 10.1002/etc.3713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2016] [Revised: 11/29/2016] [Accepted: 12/09/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Windows of exposure to a weathered Deepwater Horizon oil sample (slick A) were examined for early life stage mahi-mahi (Coryphaena hippurus) to determine whether there are developmental periods of enhanced sensitivity during the course of a standard 96-h bioassay. Survival was assessed at 96 h following oil exposures ranging from 2 h to 96 h and targeting 3 general periods of development, namely the prehatch phase, the period surrounding hatch, and the posthatch phase. In addition, 3 different oil preparations were used: high- and low-energy water accommodated fractions of oil and very thin surface slicks of oil (∼1 μm). The latter 2 were used to distinguish between effects due to direct contact with the slick itself and the water underlying the slick. Considering the data from all 3 exposure regimes, it was determined that the period near or including hatch was likely the most sensitive. Furthermore, toxicity was not enhanced by direct contact with slick oil. These findings are environmentally relevant given that the concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons eliciting mortality from exposures during the sensitive periods of development were below or near concentrations measured during the active spill phase. Environ Toxicol Chem 2017;36:1887-1895. © 2016 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward M Mager
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas, USA
| | - Christina Pasparakis
- Department of Marine Biology and Ecology, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Lela S Schlenker
- Department of Marine Biology and Ecology, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Zongli Yao
- Engineering Research Center for Saline-alkaline Fisheries, East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fisheries Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | | | - John D Stieglitz
- Department of Marine Biology and Ecology, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Ronald Hoenig
- Department of Marine Biology and Ecology, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
| | | | - Daniel D Benetti
- Department of Marine Biology and Ecology, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Martin Grosell
- Department of Marine Biology and Ecology, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
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63
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Perrichon P, Pasparakis C, Mager EM, Stieglitz JD, Benetti DD, Grosell M, Burggren WW. Morphology and cardiac physiology are differentially affected by temperature in developing larvae of the marine fish mahi-mahi ( Coryphaena hippurus). Biol Open 2017; 6:800-809. [PMID: 28432103 PMCID: PMC5483030 DOI: 10.1242/bio.025692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular performance is altered by temperature in larval fishes, but how acute versus chronic temperature exposures independently affect cardiac morphology and physiology in the growing larva is poorly understood. Consequently, we investigated the influence of water temperature on cardiac plasticity in developing mahi-mahi. Morphological (e.g. standard length, heart angle) and physiological cardiac variables (e.g. heart rate fH, stroke volume, cardiac output) were recorded under two conditions by imaging: (i) under acute temperature exposure where embryos were reared at 25°C up to 128 h post-fertilization (hpf) and then acutely exposed to 25 (rearing temperature), 27 and 30°C; and (ii) at two rearing (chronic) temperatures of 26 and 30°C and performed at 32 and 56 hpf. Chronic elevated temperature improved developmental time in mahi-mahi. Heart rates were 1.2–1.4-fold higher under exposure of elevated acute temperatures across development (Q10≥2.0). Q10 for heart rate in acute exposure was 1.8-fold higher compared to chronic exposure at 56 hpf. At same stage, stroke volume was temperature independent (Q10∼1.0). However, larvae displayed higher stroke volume later in stage. Cardiac output in developing mahi-mahi is mainly dictated by chronotropic rather than inotropic modulation, is differentially affected by temperature during development and is not linked to metabolic changes. Summary: Acute and chronic temperature exposures affect differentially heart rate, stroke volume and cardiac output in mahi-mahi (Coryphaena hippurus) during early development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prescilla Perrichon
- University of North Texas, Department of Biological Sciences, Denton, TX 76203, USA
| | - Christina Pasparakis
- Division of Marine Biology and Ecology, University of Miami, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, Miami, FL 33149, USA
| | - Edward M Mager
- University of North Texas, Department of Biological Sciences, Denton, TX 76203, USA
| | - John D Stieglitz
- Division of Marine Biology and Ecology, University of Miami, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, Miami, FL 33149, USA
| | - Daniel D Benetti
- Division of Marine Biology and Ecology, University of Miami, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, Miami, FL 33149, USA
| | - Martin Grosell
- Division of Marine Biology and Ecology, University of Miami, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, Miami, FL 33149, USA
| | - Warren W Burggren
- University of North Texas, Department of Biological Sciences, Denton, TX 76203, USA
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64
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Madison BN, Hodson PV, Langlois VS. Cold Lake Blend diluted bitumen toxicity to the early development of Japanese medaka. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2017; 225:579-586. [PMID: 28336089 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Revised: 02/24/2017] [Accepted: 03/11/2017] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Diluted bitumen (dilbit) from Alberta oil sands (Canada) is transported across major continental watersheds, yet little is known about its toxicity to fish if spilled into aquatic environments. The toxicity of Cold Lake (CLB) dilbit was assessed for medaka embryos (Oryzias latipes) exposed to water accommodated fractions (WAF) and chemically-enhanced WAF (CEWAF) using Corexit®EC9500A as dispersant. The effects of CLB toxicity were similar to conventional crude oils and Access Western Blend (AWB) dilbit. The prevalence of malformations and cyp1a mRNA synthesis in hatched fish increased monotonically with concentration during WAF and CEWAF treatments and provided a novel indicator of dilbit PAH toxicity. Apart from nfe2 (an antioxidant transcription factor), there were no statistically significant monotonic exposure-responses of ahr, arnt2, cat, sod, gpx, gst, gsr, g6pdh, p53, and hsp70 transcripts at total polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (TPAH) concentrations bracketing EC50s for embryotoxicity (WAF ≅ 3 μg/L; CEWAF ≅ 0.1 μg/L TPAH). Based on measured TPAH concentrations in exposure test solutions, CLB dilbit was 6-10 fold more toxic to medaka than AWB during chronic exposures. Lack of direct monotonic gene transcription responses to increasing oil concentrations during exposures that were embryotoxic suggests that the capacity of the oxidative stress response is limited in earlier lifestages or that differences exist among species in mechanisms of toxicity. This study provides a comparative framework for identifying suitable biomarkers and toxicity methods for those fish species in sensitive lifestages at highest risk of Canadian oil sands dilbit exposure following a spill in the freshwater environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barry N Madison
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Royal Military College of Canada, Canada; School of Environmental Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Peter V Hodson
- School of Environmental Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Valerie S Langlois
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Royal Military College of Canada, Canada; School of Environmental Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada.
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65
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Xu EG, Mager EM, Grosell M, Hazard ES, Hardiman G, Schlenk D. Novel transcriptome assembly and comparative toxicity pathway analysis in mahi-mahi (Coryphaena hippurus) embryos and larvae exposed to Deepwater Horizon oil. Sci Rep 2017; 7:44546. [PMID: 28295044 PMCID: PMC5353654 DOI: 10.1038/srep44546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2016] [Accepted: 02/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The impacts of Deepwater Horizon (DWH) oil on morphology and function during embryonic development have been documented for a number of fish species, including the economically and ecologically important pelagic species, mahi-mahi (Coryphaena hippurus). However, further investigations on molecular events and pathways responsible for developmental toxicity have been largely restricted due to the limited molecular data available for this species. We sought to establish the de novo transcriptomic database from the embryos and larvae of mahi-mahi exposed to water accommodated fractions (HEWAFs) of two DWH oil types (weathered and source oil), in an effort to advance our understanding of the molecular aspects involved during specific toxicity responses. By high throughput sequencing (HTS), we obtained the first de novo transcriptome of mahi-mahi, with 60,842 assembled transcripts and 30,518 BLAST hits. Among them, 2,345 genes were significantly regulated in 96hpf larvae after exposure to weathered oil. With comparative analysis to a reference-transcriptome-guided approach on gene ontology and tox-pathways, we confirmed the novel approach effective for exploring tox-pathways in non-model species, and also identified a list of co-expressed genes as potential biomarkers which will provide information for the construction of an Adverse Outcome Pathway which could be useful in Ecological Risk Assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elvis Genbo Xu
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Edward M Mager
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76203, USA
| | - Martin Grosell
- Department of Marine Biology and Ecology, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33149, USA
| | - E Starr Hazard
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29403, USA.,Computational Biology Resource Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29403, USA
| | - Gary Hardiman
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29403, USA.,Departments of Medicine &Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29403, USA.,Laboratory for Marine Systems Biology, Hollings Marine Laboratory, Charleston, SC 29412, USA
| | - Daniel Schlenk
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
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66
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Cherr GN, Fairbairn E, Whitehead A. Impacts of Petroleum-Derived Pollutants on Fish Development. Annu Rev Anim Biosci 2017; 5:185-203. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-animal-022516-022928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The teleost fish embryo is particularly sensitive to petroleum hydrocarbons (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, PAHs) at two distinct stages of development. The first is early during cleavage stages when PAHs alter normal signaling associated with establishment of the dorsal-ventral axis. This disruption involves the Wnt/β-catenin pathway and results in hyperdorsalized embryos that do not survive to hatching. The second, more sensitive period is during heart development, when oil and PAHs cause abnormal development of the heart as well as cardiac edema and arrhythmia. Even at extremely low levels (ng/L), PAHs cause subtle edema and altered contractility and heart rate, which impair swimming performance. Some PAHs are extremely phototoxic, such that exposures to trace concentrations result in severe membrane damage and mortality in sunlight. The developing fish embryo is a sensitive indicator of petroleum constituents in the environment, and healthy populations of fish likely require limited PAH exposure during development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary N. Cherr
- Bodega Marine Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Bodega Bay, California 94923;,
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Davis, California 95616
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, California 95616
| | - Elise Fairbairn
- Bodega Marine Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Bodega Bay, California 94923;,
| | - Andrew Whitehead
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Davis, California 95616
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67
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Khursigara AJ, Perrichon P, Martinez Bautista N, Burggren WW, Esbaugh AJ. Cardiac function and survival are affected by crude oil in larval red drum, Sciaenops ocellatus. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 579:797-804. [PMID: 27865530 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Revised: 10/21/2016] [Accepted: 11/04/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Following exposure to weathered and non-weathered oil, lethal and sub-lethal impacts on red drum larvae were assessed using survival, morphological, and cardiotoxicity assays. The LC50 for red drum ranged from 14.6 (10.3-20.9) to 21.3 (19.1-23.8) μgl-1 ΣPAH with no effect of exposure timing during the pre-hatch window or oil weathering. Similarly, morphological deformities showed dose responses in the low ppb range. Cardiac output showed similar sensitivity resulting in a major 70% reduction after exposure to 2.6μgl-1 ΣPAH. This cardiac failure was driven by reduced stroke volume rather than bradycardia, meaning that in some species, cardiac function is more sensitive than previously thought. After the Deepwater Horizon oil spill, much of this type of work has primarily focused on pelagic species with little known about fast developing estuarine species. These results demonstrate similarity sensitivity of the red drum as their pelagic counter parts, and more importantly, that cardiac function is dramatically reduced in concert with pericardial edema.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis J Khursigara
- University of Texas at Austin, Marine Science Institute, 750 Channel View Drive, Port Aransas, TX 78373, USA.
| | - Prescilla Perrichon
- University of North Texas, Department of Biological Sciences, 1155 Union Cir, Denton, TX 76203, USA
| | - Naim Martinez Bautista
- University of North Texas, Department of Biological Sciences, 1155 Union Cir, Denton, TX 76203, USA
| | - Warren W Burggren
- University of North Texas, Department of Biological Sciences, 1155 Union Cir, Denton, TX 76203, USA
| | - Andrew J Esbaugh
- University of Texas at Austin, Marine Science Institute, 750 Channel View Drive, Port Aransas, TX 78373, USA
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68
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Nevalainen M, Helle I, Vanhatalo J. Preparing for the unprecedented - Towards quantitative oil risk assessment in the Arctic marine areas. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2017; 114:90-101. [PMID: 27593852 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.08.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2016] [Revised: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The probability of major oil accidents in Arctic seas is increasing alongside with increasing maritime traffic. Hence, there is a growing need to understand the risks posed by oil spills to these unique and sensitive areas. So far these risks have mainly been acknowledged in terms of qualitative descriptions. We introduce a probabilistic framework, based on a general food web approach, to analyze ecological impacts of oil spills. We argue that the food web approach based on key functional groups is more appropriate for providing holistic view of the involved risks than assessments based on single species. We discuss the issues characteristic to the Arctic that need a special attention in risk assessment, and provide examples how to proceed towards quantitative risk estimates. The conceptual model presented in the paper helps to identify the most important risk factors and can be used as a template for more detailed risk assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maisa Nevalainen
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 65, FI-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Inari Helle
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 65, FI-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jarno Vanhatalo
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 68, FI-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland; Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 65, FI-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland
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69
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70
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Nelson D, Heuer RM, Cox GK, Stieglitz JD, Hoenig R, Mager EM, Benetti DD, Grosell M, Crossley DA. Effects of crude oil on in situ cardiac function in young adult mahi-mahi (Coryphaena hippurus). AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2016; 180:274-281. [PMID: 27768947 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2016.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Revised: 10/11/2016] [Accepted: 10/13/2016] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) negatively impacts exercise performance in fish species but the physiological modifications that result in this phenotype are poorly understood. Prior studies have shown that embryonic and juvenile mahi-mahi (Coryphaeus hippurus) exposed to PAH exhibit morphological abnormalities, altered cardiac development and reduced swimming performance. It has been suggested that cardiovascular function inhibited by PAH exposure accounts for the compromised exercise performance in fish species. In this study we used in-situ techniques to measure hemodynamic responses of young adult mahi-mahi exposed to PAH for 24h. The data indicate that stroke volume was reduced 44% in mahi-mahi exposed to 9.6±2.7μgl-1 geometric mean PAH (∑PAH) and resulted in a 39% reduction in cardiac output and a 52% reduction in stroke work. Maximal change in pressure over change in time was 28% lower in mahi-mahi exposed to this level of ∑PAH. Mean intraventricular pressures and heart rate were not significantly changed. This study suggests exposure to environmentally relevant PAH concentrations impairs aspects of cardiovascular function in mahi-mahi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek Nelson
- University of North Texas, Department of Biological Sciences 1155 Union Circle Denton, TX 76203, United States
| | - Rachael M Heuer
- University of North Texas, Department of Biological Sciences 1155 Union Circle Denton, TX 76203, United States
| | - Georgina K Cox
- Division of Marine Biology and Ecology, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33149-1098, United States
| | - John D Stieglitz
- Division of Marine Biology and Ecology, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33149-1098, United States
| | - Ronald Hoenig
- Division of Marine Biology and Ecology, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33149-1098, United States
| | - Edward M Mager
- Division of Marine Biology and Ecology, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33149-1098, United States
| | - Daniel D Benetti
- Division of Marine Biology and Ecology, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33149-1098, United States
| | - Martin Grosell
- Division of Marine Biology and Ecology, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33149-1098, United States
| | - Dane A Crossley
- University of North Texas, Department of Biological Sciences 1155 Union Circle Denton, TX 76203, United States.
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71
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Beyer J, Trannum HC, Bakke T, Hodson PV, Collier TK. Environmental effects of the Deepwater Horizon oil spill: A review. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2016; 110:28-51. [PMID: 27301686 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.06.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 253] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Revised: 04/21/2016] [Accepted: 06/05/2016] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The Deepwater Horizon oil spill constituted an ecosystem-level injury in the northern Gulf of Mexico. Much oil spread at 1100-1300m depth, contaminating and affecting deepwater habitats. Factors such as oil-biodegradation, ocean currents and response measures (dispersants, burning) reduced coastal oiling. Still, >2100km of shoreline and many coastal habitats were affected. Research demonstrates that oiling caused a wide range of biological effects, although worst-case impact scenarios did not materialize. Biomarkers in individual organisms were more informative about oiling stress than population and community indices. Salt marshes and seabird populations were hard hit, but were also quite resilient to oiling effects. Monitoring demonstrated little contamination of seafood. Certain impacts are still understudied, such as effects on seagrass communities. Concerns of long-term impacts remain for large fish species, deep-sea corals, sea turtles and cetaceans. These species and their habitats should continue to receive attention (monitoring and research) for years to come.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonny Beyer
- NIVA - Norwegian Institute for Water Research, NO-0349, Oslo, Norway
| | - Hilde C Trannum
- NIVA - Norwegian Institute for Water Research, NO-0349, Oslo, Norway
| | - Torgeir Bakke
- NIVA - Norwegian Institute for Water Research, NO-0349, Oslo, Norway
| | - Peter V Hodson
- School of Environmental Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Tracy K Collier
- Delta Independent Science Board, 980 Ninth Street, Suite 1500, Sacramento, CA 95814, USA
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72
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Sørhus E, Incardona JP, Karlsen Ø, Linbo T, Sørensen L, Nordtug T, van der Meeren T, Thorsen A, Thorbjørnsen M, Jentoft S, Edvardsen RB, Meier S. Crude oil exposures reveal roles for intracellular calcium cycling in haddock craniofacial and cardiac development. Sci Rep 2016; 6:31058. [PMID: 27506155 PMCID: PMC4979050 DOI: 10.1038/srep31058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have shown that crude oil exposure affects cardiac development in fish by disrupting excitation-contraction (EC) coupling. We previously found that eggs of Atlantic haddock (Melanogrammus aeglefinus) bind dispersed oil droplets, potentially leading to more profound toxic effects from uptake of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Using lower concentrations of dispersed crude oil (0.7-7 μg/L ∑PAH), here we exposed a broader range of developmental stages over both short and prolonged durations. We quantified effects on cardiac function and morphogenesis, characterized novel craniofacial defects, and examined the expression of genes encoding potential targets underlying cardiac and craniofacial defects. Because of oil droplet binding, a 24-hr exposure was sufficient to create severe cardiac and craniofacial abnormalities. The specific nature of the craniofacial abnormalities suggests that crude oil may target common craniofacial and cardiac precursor cells either directly or indirectly by affecting ion channels and intracellular calcium in particular. Furthermore, down-regulation of genes encoding specific components of the EC coupling machinery suggests that crude oil disrupts excitation-transcription coupling or normal feedback regulation of ion channels blocked by PAHs. These data support a unifying hypothesis whereby depletion of intracellular calcium pools by crude oil-derived PAHs disrupts several pathways critical for organogenesis in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elin Sørhus
- Institute of Marine Research, P.O. Box 1870, Nordnes, NO-5817, Bergen, Norway
- Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis (CEES), University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1066, Blindern, NO-0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - John P. Incardona
- Northwest Fisheries Science Center (NOAA), 2725 Montlake Blvd. East, Seattle, WA 98112-2097, USA
| | - Ørjan Karlsen
- Institute of Marine Research (IMR), Austevoll Research Station, and Hjort Centre for Marine Ecosystem Dynamics, NO-5392 Storebø, Norway
| | - Tiffany Linbo
- Northwest Fisheries Science Center (NOAA), 2725 Montlake Blvd. East, Seattle, WA 98112-2097, USA
| | - Lisbet Sørensen
- Institute of Marine Research, P.O. Box 1870, Nordnes, NO-5817, Bergen, Norway
- University of Bergen, P.O. Box 7800, NO-5020 Bergen, Norway
| | - Trond Nordtug
- SINTEF Materials and Chemistry, P.O. Box 4760, Sluppen, NO-7465 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Terje van der Meeren
- Institute of Marine Research (IMR), Austevoll Research Station, and Hjort Centre for Marine Ecosystem Dynamics, NO-5392 Storebø, Norway
| | - Anders Thorsen
- Institute of Marine Research, P.O. Box 1870, Nordnes, NO-5817, Bergen, Norway
| | | | - Sissel Jentoft
- Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis (CEES), University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1066, Blindern, NO-0316 Oslo, Norway
- Department of Natural Sciences, University of Agder, NO-4604 Kristiansand, Norway
| | - Rolf B. Edvardsen
- Institute of Marine Research, P.O. Box 1870, Nordnes, NO-5817, Bergen, Norway
| | - Sonnich Meier
- Institute of Marine Research, P.O. Box 1870, Nordnes, NO-5817, Bergen, Norway
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73
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Incardona JP, Scholz NL. The influence of heart developmental anatomy on cardiotoxicity-based adverse outcome pathways in fish. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2016; 177:515-25. [PMID: 27447099 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2016.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2016] [Revised: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The developing fish heart is vulnerable to a diverse array of toxic chemical contaminants in freshwater, estuarine, and marine habitats. Globally occurring examples of cardiotoxic agents include dioxins, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). The disruption of cardiac function during the process of heart morphogenesis can lead to adverse outcome pathways (AOPs) that can negatively affect fish survival at hatching as well as later life stages. Proximal impacts include cardiogenic fluid accumulation (edema) and defects of the body axis and jaw that preclude larval feeding. More subtle changes in heart development can produce permanent structural defects in the heart that reduce cardiac output and swimming performance in older fish. In recent decades, the presence of edema in fish embryos and larvae has been a very common bioindicator of cardiotoxicity. However, the different ways that edema forms in fish from different habitats (i.e., freshwater vs. marine, pelagic vs. demersal) has not been rigorously examined. Oil spills are an important source of PAHs in fish spawning areas worldwide, and research is revealing how patterns of cardiogenic edema are shaped by species-specific differences in developmental anatomy and ionoregulatory physiology. Here we review the visible evidence for circulatory disruption across nine freshwater and marine fish species, exposed to crude oils from different parts of the world. We focus on the close interconnectedness of the cardiovascular and osmoregulatory systems during early development, and corresponding implications for fish in hyperosmotic and hyposmotic habitats. Finally, we suggest there may be poorly understood adverse outcomes pathways related to osmotic gradients and water movement within embryos, the latter causing extreme shifts in tissue osmolality.
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Affiliation(s)
- John P Incardona
- Environmental and Fisheries Sciences Division, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA Fisheries, 2725 Montlake Blvd. E., Seattle, WA 98112 USA.
| | - Nathaniel L Scholz
- Environmental and Fisheries Sciences Division, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA Fisheries, 2725 Montlake Blvd. E., Seattle, WA 98112 USA
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74
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Xu EG, Mager EM, Grosell M, Pasparakis C, Schlenker LS, Stieglitz JD, Benetti D, Hazard ES, Courtney SM, Diamante G, Freitas J, Hardiman G, Schlenk D. Time- and Oil-Dependent Transcriptomic and Physiological Responses to Deepwater Horizon Oil in Mahi-Mahi (Coryphaena hippurus) Embryos and Larvae. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2016; 50:7842-7851. [PMID: 27348429 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.6b02205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The Deepwater Horizon (DWH) oil spill contaminated the spawning habitats for numerous commercially and ecologically important fishes. Exposure to the water accommodated fraction (WAF) of oil from the spill has been shown to cause cardiac toxicity during early developmental stages across fishes. To better understand the molecular events and explore new pathways responsible for toxicity, RNA sequencing was performed in conjunction with physiological and morphological assessments to analyze the time-course (24, 48, and 96 h post fertilization (hpf)) of transcriptional and developmental responses in embryos/larvae of mahi-mahi exposed to WAF of weathered (slick) and source DWH oils. Slick oil exposure induced more pronounced changes in gene expression over time than source oil exposure. Predominant transcriptomic responses included alteration of EIF2 signaling, steroid biosynthesis, ribosome biogenesis and activation of the cytochrome P450 pathway. At 96 hpf, slick oil exposure resulted in significant perturbations in eye development and peripheral nervous system, suggesting novel targets in addition to the heart may be involved in the developmental toxicity of DHW oil. Comparisons of changes of cardiac genes with phenotypic responses were consistent with reduced heart rate and increased pericardial edema in larvae exposed to slick oil but not source oil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elvis Genbo Xu
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California , Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Edward M Mager
- Department of Marine Biology and Ecology, University of Miami , Miami, Florida 33149, United States
| | - Martin Grosell
- Department of Marine Biology and Ecology, University of Miami , Miami, Florida 33149, United States
| | - Christina Pasparakis
- Department of Marine Biology and Ecology, University of Miami , Miami, Florida 33149, United States
| | - Lela S Schlenker
- Department of Marine Biology and Ecology, University of Miami , Miami, Florida 33149, United States
| | - John D Stieglitz
- Department of Marine Biology and Ecology, University of Miami , Miami, Florida 33149, United States
| | - Daniel Benetti
- Department of Marine Biology and Ecology, University of Miami , Miami, Florida 33149, United States
| | - E Starr Hazard
- Center for Genomics Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina , Charleston, South Carolina 29403, United States
- Computational Biology Resource Center, Medical University of South Carolina , Charleston, South Carolina 29403, United States
| | - Sean M Courtney
- Center for Genomics Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina , Charleston, South Carolina 29403, United States
| | - Graciel Diamante
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California , Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Juliane Freitas
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California , Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Gary Hardiman
- Center for Genomics Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina , Charleston, South Carolina 29403, United States
- Departments of Medicine & Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina , Charleston, South Carolina 29403, United States
| | - Daniel Schlenk
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California , Riverside, California 92521, United States
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75
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McIntyre JK, Edmunds RC, Anulacion BF, Davis JW, Incardona JP, Stark JD, Scholz NL. Severe Coal Tar Sealcoat Runoff Toxicity to Fish Is Prevented by Bioretention Filtration. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2016; 50:1570-1578. [PMID: 26654684 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.5b04928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Coal tar sealcoats applied to asphalt surfaces in North America, east of the Continental Divide, are enriched in petroleum-derived compounds, including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). The release of PAHs and other chemicals from sealcoat has the potential to contaminate nearby water bodies, reducing the resiliency of aquatic communities. Despite this, relatively little is known about the aquatic toxicology of sealcoat-derived contaminants. We assessed the impacts of stormwater runoff from sealcoated asphalt on juvenile coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) and embryo-larval zebrafish (Danio rerio). We furthermore evaluated the effectiveness of bioretention as a green stormwater method to remove PAHs and reduce lethal and sublethal toxicity in both species. We applied a coal tar sealcoat to conventional asphalt and collected runoff from simulated rainfall events up to 7 months postapplication. Whereas sealcoat runoff was more acutely lethal to salmon, a spectrum of cardiovascular abnormalities was consistently evident in early life stage zebrafish. Soil bioretention effectively reduced PAH concentrations by an order of magnitude, prevented mortality in juvenile salmon, and significantly reduced cardiotoxicity in zebrafish. Our findings show that inexpensive bioretention methods can markedly improve stormwater quality and protect fish health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenifer K McIntyre
- Washington State University , Puyallup Research and Extension Center, 2606 W. Pioneer Avenue, Puyallup, Washington 98371, United States
| | - Richard C Edmunds
- National Research Council Associates Program, under contract to Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA, 2725 Montlake Boulevard E., Seattle, Washington 98112, United States
| | - Bernadita F Anulacion
- Environmental and Fisheries Science Division, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA, 2725 Montlake Boulevard E., Seattle, Washington 98112, United States
| | - Jay W Davis
- U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Washington Fish and Wildlife Office, 510 Desmond Drive S.E., Lacey, Washington 98503, United States
| | - John P Incardona
- Environmental and Fisheries Science Division, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA, 2725 Montlake Boulevard E., Seattle, Washington 98112, United States
| | - John D Stark
- Washington State University , Puyallup Research and Extension Center, 2606 W. Pioneer Avenue, Puyallup, Washington 98371, United States
| | - Nathaniel L Scholz
- Environmental and Fisheries Science Division, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA, 2725 Montlake Boulevard E., Seattle, Washington 98112, United States
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76
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McIntyre JK, Edmunds RC, Redig MG, Mudrock EM, Davis JW, Incardona JP, Stark JD, Scholz NL. Confirmation of Stormwater Bioretention Treatment Effectiveness Using Molecular Indicators of Cardiovascular Toxicity in Developing Fish. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2016; 50:1561-1569. [PMID: 26727247 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.5b04786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Urban stormwater runoff is a globally significant threat to the ecological integrity of aquatic habitats. Green stormwater infrastructure methods such as bioretention are increasingly used to improve water quality by filtering chemical contaminants that may be harmful to fish and other species. Ubiquitous examples of toxics in runoff from highways and other impervious surfaces include polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Certain PAHs are known to cause functional and structural defects in developing fish hearts. Therefore, abnormal heart development in fish can be a sensitive measure of clean water technology effectiveness. Here we use the zebrafish experimental model to assess the effects of untreated runoff on the expression of genes that are classically responsive to contaminant exposures, as well as heart-related genes that may underpin the familiar cardiotoxicity phenotype. Further, we assess the effectiveness of soil bioretention for treating runoff, as measured by prevention of both visible cardiac toxicity and corresponding gene regulation. We find that contaminants in the dissolved phase of runoff (e.g., PAHs) are cardiotoxic and that soil bioretention protects against these harmful effects. Molecular markers were more sensitive than visible toxicity indicators, and several cardiac-related genes show promise as novel tools for evaluating the effectiveness of evolving stormwater mitigation strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenifer K McIntyre
- Puyallup Research and Extension Center, Washington State University , 2606 West Pioneer Avenue, Puyallup, Washington 98371, United States
| | | | - Maria G Redig
- Evergreen State College, 2700 Parkway NW, Olympia, Washington 98505, United States
| | - Emma M Mudrock
- Puyallup Research and Extension Center, Washington State University , 2606 West Pioneer Avenue, Puyallup, Washington 98371, United States
| | - Jay W Davis
- U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Washington Fish and Wildlife Office, 510 Desmond Drive S.E., Lacey, Washington 98503, United States
| | | | - John D Stark
- Puyallup Research and Extension Center, Washington State University , 2606 West Pioneer Avenue, Puyallup, Washington 98371, United States
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Edmunds RC, Su B, Balhoff JP, Eames BF, Dahdul WM, Lapp H, Lundberg JG, Vision TJ, Dunham RA, Mabee PM, Westerfield M. Phenoscape: Identifying Candidate Genes for Evolutionary Phenotypes. Mol Biol Evol 2015; 33:13-24. [PMID: 26500251 PMCID: PMC4693980 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msv223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Phenotypes resulting from mutations in genetic model organisms can help reveal candidate genes for evolutionarily important phenotypic changes in related taxa. Although testing candidate gene hypotheses experimentally in nonmodel organisms is typically difficult, ontology-driven information systems can help generate testable hypotheses about developmental processes in experimentally tractable organisms. Here, we tested candidate gene hypotheses suggested by expert use of the Phenoscape Knowledgebase, specifically looking for genes that are candidates responsible for evolutionarily interesting phenotypes in the ostariophysan fishes that bear resemblance to mutant phenotypes in zebrafish. For this, we searched ZFIN for genetic perturbations that result in either loss of basihyal element or loss of scales phenotypes, because these are the ancestral phenotypes observed in catfishes (Siluriformes). We tested the identified candidate genes by examining their endogenous expression patterns in the channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus. The experimental results were consistent with the hypotheses that these features evolved through disruption in developmental pathways at, or upstream of, brpf1 and eda/edar for the ancestral losses of basihyal element and scales, respectively. These results demonstrate that ontological annotations of the phenotypic effects of genetic alterations in model organisms, when aggregated within a knowledgebase, can be used effectively to generate testable, and useful, hypotheses about evolutionary changes in morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Baofeng Su
- School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University
| | | | - B Frank Eames
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Wasila M Dahdul
- National Evolutionary Synthesis Center, Durham, NC Department of Biology, University of South Dakota
| | - Hilmar Lapp
- National Evolutionary Synthesis Center, Durham, NC
| | - John G Lundberg
- Department of Ichthyology, The Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Todd J Vision
- National Evolutionary Synthesis Center, Durham, NC Department of Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill
| | - Rex A Dunham
- School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University
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