51
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A Short Peptide Designed from Late Embryogenesis Abundant Protein Enhances Acid Tolerance in Escherichia coli. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2020; 191:164-176. [PMID: 32096062 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-020-03262-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Unsuitable pH is a major limiting factor for all organisms, and a low pH can lead to organism death. Late embryogenesis abundant (LEA) peptides confer tolerance to abiotic stresses including salinity, drought, high and low temperature, and ultraviolet radiation same as the LEA proteins from which they originate. In this study, LEA peptides derived from group 3 LEA proteins of Polypedilum vanderplanki were used to enhance low pH tolerance. Recombinant Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) cells expressing the five designed LEA peptides were grown at pH 4, 3, and 2. The transformants showed higher growth capacity at low pH as compared to control cells. These results indicate that LEA peptide could prevent E. coli cell death under low pH conditions.
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52
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Kögler M, Itkonen J, Viitala T, Casteleijn MG. Assessment of recombinant protein production in E. coli with Time-Gated Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (TG-SERS). Sci Rep 2020; 10:2472. [PMID: 32051493 PMCID: PMC7015922 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-59091-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Time-Gated Surface-Enhanced Raman spectroscopy (TG-SERS) was utilized to assess recombinant protein production in Escherichia coli. TG-SERS suppressed the fluorescence signal from the biomolecules in the bacteria and the culture media. Characteristic protein signatures at different time points of the cell cultivation were observed and compared to conventional continuous wave (CW)-Raman with SERS. TG-SERS can distinguish discrete features of proteins such as the secondary structures and is therefore indicative of folding or unfolding of the protein. A novel method utilizing nanofibrillar cellulose as a stabilizing agent for nanoparticles and bacterial cells was used for the first time in order to boost the Raman signal, while simultaneously suppressing background signals. We evaluated the expression of hCNTF, hHspA1, and hHsp27 in complex media using the batch fermentation mode. HCNTF was also cultivated using EnBase in a fed-batch like mode. HspA1 expressed poorly due to aggregation problems within the cell, while hCNTF expressed in batch mode was correctly folded and protein instabilities were identified in the EnBase cultivation. Time-gated Raman spectroscopy showed to be a powerful tool to evaluate protein production and correct folding within living E. coli cells during the cultivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Kögler
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Oulu, Finland
| | - Jaakko Itkonen
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tapani Viitala
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Marco G Casteleijn
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland. .,VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Espoo, Finland.
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53
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Skimmed milk as an alternative for IPTG in induction of recombinant protein expression. Protein Expr Purif 2020; 170:105593. [PMID: 32032772 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2020.105593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Cost-effectiveness is an important issue in biotechnological manufacturing industry and using alternative cheap materials with the same benefits has been noticed in most literatures. Isopropyl β-d-1-thiogalactopyranoside (IPTG), a well-known chemical element for induction of protein expression, has several disadvantages such as high expense and toxicity. In this study, we aimed to introduce skimmed milk as an alternative material for protein expression by induction of lac operon. In this way, Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) bacteria were induced using 1 mM IPTG or 1.0% (w/v) skimmed milk. Protein purification was performed using Ni-NTA (nickel-nitrilotriacetic acid) for His-tagged recombinant proteins and protein purity was evaluated by SDS-PAGE. Results showed high level of recombinant protein expression using skimmed milk, and interestingly, the growth rate of bacteria improved. Our findings suggested that skimmed milk can be a suitable alternative for induction of recombinant protein expression, which has advantages such as more availability and affordability, in comparison to IPTG supplementation.
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54
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Yazgan Karacaglar NN, Topcu A, Dudak FC, Boyaci IH. Development of a green fluorescence protein (GFP)-based bioassay for detection of antibiotics and its application in milk. J Food Sci 2020; 85:500-509. [PMID: 31958152 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.14996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Antibiotics are one of the most widely used types of drugs in pharmaceutics. However, efficiency of these drugs has decreased recently owing to the threat of antibiotic resistance. One of the important factors causing antibiotic resistance is the excessive use of antibacterials in animals. Therefore, detection of antibiotics in foods of animal origin is crucial. The aim of this study was to develop a novel whole-cell based bioassay to be used for detection of some antibiotics. Green fluorescent protein (GFP)-expressing Escherichia coli cells were used as a recognition agent, and antibiotic detection was carried out by pursuing the inhibition rate of fluorescence intensity as a result of the inhibition of viable cells by the time of progress. The performance of bioassay was tested for different antibiotics, and the obtained results showed that the developed method can be used successfully for detection of ampicillin, benzylpenicillin, gentamicin, neomycin, and tetracycline with the limit of detection (LOD) values of 3.33, 0.29, 28.00, 618.36, and 33.17 µg/L, respectively. The assay was also tested with antibiotic spiked milk samples (skimmed UHT, full-fat UHT, and whole raw milk). According to obtained recovery values, developed method was successful for all samples. The precision and bias values of the method were found between the range of 1.30% to 7.54% and -8.00% to 0.64%, respectively. The developed method, which is inexpensive and simple with detection limits in line with the regulatory limits, is promising for use in milk quality monitoring. Method has potential to be used as a screening method after comprehensive validation. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: This method could be used in animal husbandry to check whether the antibiotic prescribed for the treatment of sick animals is still present in their milk as residual. For dairy industry, detection of residual antibiotics in milk is crucial because of their inhibition effects on the fermentation processes. Therefore, the proposed method can be used for routine analysis of raw milk reception in dairy industries. In addition, it is considered to have a wide range of applications for all foods.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ali Topcu
- Dept. of Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Hacettepe Univ., Beytepe, 06800, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Fahriye Ceyda Dudak
- Dept. of Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Hacettepe Univ., Beytepe, 06800, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ismail Hakki Boyaci
- Dept. of Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Hacettepe Univ., Beytepe, 06800, Ankara, Turkey
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55
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Hunt JP, Zhao EL, Soltani M, Frei M, Nelson JAD, Bundy BC. Streamlining the preparation of "endotoxin-free" ClearColi cell extract with autoinduction media for cell-free protein synthesis of the therapeutic protein crisantaspase. Synth Syst Biotechnol 2019; 4:220-224. [PMID: 31890926 PMCID: PMC6926305 DOI: 10.1016/j.synbio.2019.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
An "endotoxin-free" E. coli-based cell-free protein synthesis system has been reported to produce therapeutic proteins rapidly and on-demand. However, preparation of the most complex CFPS reagent - the cell extract - remains time-consuming and labor-intensive because of the relatively slow growth kinetics of the endotoxin-free ClearColiTMBL21(DE3) strain. Here we report a streamlined procedure for preparing E. coli cell extract from ClearColi™ using auto-induction media. In this work, the term auto-induction describes cell culture media which eliminates the need for manual induction of protein expression. Culturing Clearcoli™ cells in autoinduction media significantly reduces the hands-on time required during extract preparation, and the resulting "endotoxin-free" cell extract maintained the same cell-free protein synthesis capability as extract produced with traditional induction as demonstrated by the high-yield expression of crisantaspase, an FDA approved leukemia therapeutic. It is anticipated that this work will lower the barrier for researchers to enter the field and use this technology as the method to produce endotoxin-free E. coli-based extract for CFPS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Bradley C. Bundy
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
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56
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Artur MAS, Rienstra J, Dennis TJ, Farrant JM, Ligterink W, Hilhorst H. Structural Plasticity of Intrinsically Disordered LEA Proteins from Xerophyta schlechteri Provides Protection In Vitro and In Vivo. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:1272. [PMID: 31681372 PMCID: PMC6798065 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Late embryogenesis abundant (LEA) proteins are essential to the ability of resurrection plants and orthodox seeds to protect the subcellular milieu against irreversible damage associated with desiccation. In this work, we investigated the structure and function of six LEA proteins expressed during desiccation in the monocot resurrection species Xerophyta schlechteri (XsLEAs). In silico analyses suggested that XsLEAs are hydrophilic proteins with variable intrinsically disordered protein (IDP) properties. Circular dichroism (CD) analysis indicated that these proteins are mostly unstructured in water but acquire secondary structure in hydrophobic solution, suggesting that structural dynamics may play a role in their function in the subcellular environment. The protective property of XsLEAs was demonstrated by their ability to preserve the activity of the enzyme lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) against desiccation, heat and oxidative stress, as well as growth of Escherichia coli upon exposure to osmotic and salt stress. Subcellular localization analysis indicated that XsLEA recombinant proteins are differentially distributed in the cytoplasm, membranes and nucleus of Nicotiana benthamiana leaves. Interestingly, a LEA_1 family protein (XsLEA1-8), showing the highest disorder-to-order propensity and protective ability in vitro and in vivo, was also able to enhance salt and drought stress tolerance in Arabidopsis thaliana. Together, our results suggest that the structural plasticity of XsLEAs is essential for their protective activity to avoid damage of various subcellular components caused by water deficit stress. XsLEA1-8 constitutes a potential model protein for engineering structural stability in vitro and improvement of water-deficit stress tolerance in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Juriaan Rienstra
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Timothy J. Dennis
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Jill M. Farrant
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Wilco Ligterink
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Henk Hilhorst
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands
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57
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Meyers A, Furtmann C, Gesing K, Tozakidis IEP, Jose J. Cell density-dependent auto-inducible promoters for expression of recombinant proteins in Pseudomonas putida. Microb Biotechnol 2019; 12:1003-1013. [PMID: 31237428 PMCID: PMC6680623 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.13455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Revised: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Inducible promoters such as Plac are of limited usability for industrial protein production with Pseudomonas putida. We therefore utilized cell density-dependent auto-inducible promoters for recombinant gene expression in P. putida KT2440 based on the RoxS/RoxR Quorum Sensing (QS) system of the bacterium. To this end, genetic regions upstream of the RoxS/RoxR-regulated genes ddcA (PR ox132 ) and PP_3332 (PR ox306 ) were inserted into plasmids that mediated the expression of superfolder green fluorescent protein (sfGFP) and surface displayed mCherry, confirming their promoter functionalities. Mutation of the Pribnow box of PR ox306 to the σ70 consensus sequence (PR ox3061 ) resulted in a more than threefold increase of sfGFP production. All three promoters caused cell density-dependent expression, starting transcription at optical densities (OD578 ) of approximately 1.0 (PR ox132 , PR ox306 ) or 0.7 (PR ox3061 ) as determined by RT-qPCR. The QS dependency of PR ox306 was further shown by cultivating P. putida in media that had already been used for cultivation and thus contained bacterial signal molecules. The longer P. putida had grown in these media before, the earlier protein expression in freshly inoculated P. putida appeared with PR ox306 . This confirmed previous findings that a bacterial compound accumulates within the culture and induces protein expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annika Meyers
- Institut für Pharmazeutische und Medizinische ChemieWestfälische Wilhelms‐Universität MünsterPharmaCampus, Corrensstr. 4848149MünsterGermany
| | - Christoph Furtmann
- Institut für Pharmazeutische und Medizinische ChemieWestfälische Wilhelms‐Universität MünsterPharmaCampus, Corrensstr. 4848149MünsterGermany
| | - Katrin Gesing
- Institut für Pharmazeutische und Medizinische ChemieWestfälische Wilhelms‐Universität MünsterPharmaCampus, Corrensstr. 4848149MünsterGermany
| | - Iasson E. P. Tozakidis
- Institut für Pharmazeutische und Medizinische ChemieWestfälische Wilhelms‐Universität MünsterPharmaCampus, Corrensstr. 4848149MünsterGermany
| | - Joachim Jose
- Institut für Pharmazeutische und Medizinische ChemieWestfälische Wilhelms‐Universität MünsterPharmaCampus, Corrensstr. 4848149MünsterGermany
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58
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Barazesh M, Mostafavipour Z, Kavousipour S, Mohammadi S, Mokarram P. Two Simple Methods for Optimizing the Production of "Difficult-to-Express" GnRH-DFF40 Chimeric Protein. Adv Pharm Bull 2019; 9:423-431. [PMID: 31592077 PMCID: PMC6773931 DOI: 10.15171/apb.2019.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Revised: 06/23/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: GnRH-DFF40 (gonadotropin releasing hormone - DNA fragmentation factor 40) is
a humanized recombinant immunotoxin and serves as a prospective candidate for targeted
therapy of gonadotropin releasing hormone receptor (GnRHR) overexpressing malignancies.
However, its production in Escherichia coli in a soluble and functional form still remains a
challenge. Here we introduce two successful and reproducible conditions for production and
purification of “difficult-to-express” GnRH-DFF40 protein.
Methods: A synthetic codon optimized GnRH-DFF40 fusion gene was cloned in pET28a
plasmid. Two methods including high cell density IPTG induction (HCDI) and autoinduction
method (AIM) with a focus on obtaining high cell density have been investigated to enhance the
protein production in (E. coli). Moreover, to obtain higher protein production several factors in
the AIM method including carbon sources, incubation time and temperature, plasmid stability
and double colony selection, were optimized.
Results: Remarkable amounts of soluble GnRH-DFF40 protein were achieved by both methods.
Cell density and protein yields in AIM was about 1.5 fold higher than that what obtained using
HCDI. Initial screening showed that 25ºC is better to achieve higher protein production in both
methods. pH alterations in AIM were maintained in a more constant level at 25ºC and 37ºC
temperatures without any detrimental effects on cell growth during protein production phase
up to 21 hours after incubation. Plasmid stability during growth and expression induction phase
was maintained at a high level of 98% and 96% for AIM and HCDI methods, respectively. After
parameter optimization and double colony selection in AIM, a very high yield of recombinant
protein was achieved (528.3 mg/L).
Conclusion: With the optimization of these high cell density expression methods, reproducible
manifold enhancement of soluble protein yields can be achieved for “difficult-to-express”
GnRH-DFF40 compared to conventional expression methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdi Barazesh
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Science and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, IR Iran
| | - Zohreh Mostafavipour
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, IR Iran.,Recombinant Proteins Lab, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, IR Iran
| | - Soudabeh Kavousipour
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Science and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, IR Iran
| | - Shiva Mohammadi
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Science and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, IR Iran
| | - Pooneh Mokarram
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, IR Iran
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59
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Rosano GL, Morales ES, Ceccarelli EA. New tools for recombinant protein production in Escherichia coli: A 5-year update. Protein Sci 2019; 28:1412-1422. [PMID: 31219641 PMCID: PMC6635841 DOI: 10.1002/pro.3668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 198] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The production of proteins in sufficient amounts is key for their study or use as biotherapeutic agents. Escherichia coli is the host of choice for recombinant protein production given its fast growth, easy manipulation, and cost-effectiveness. As such, its protein production capabilities are continuously being improved. Also, the associated tools (such as plasmids and cultivation conditions) are subject of ongoing research to optimize product yield. In this work, we review the latest advances in recombinant protein production in E. coli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Germán L. Rosano
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario (IBR), CONICET. Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y FarmacéuticasUniversidad Nacional de RosarioRosarioArgentina
| | - Enrique S. Morales
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario (IBR), CONICET. Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y FarmacéuticasUniversidad Nacional de RosarioRosarioArgentina
| | - Eduardo A. Ceccarelli
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario (IBR), CONICET. Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y FarmacéuticasUniversidad Nacional de RosarioRosarioArgentina
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60
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Retnoningrum DS, Santika IWM, Kesuma S, Ekowati SA, Riani C. Construction and Characterization of a Medium Copy Number Expression Vector Carrying Auto-Inducible dps Promoter to Overproduce a Bacterial Superoxide Dismutase in Escherichia coli. Mol Biotechnol 2019; 61:231-240. [PMID: 30721405 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-018-00151-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Medium copy number expression vector and auto-inducible promoter could be a solution for producing recombinant therapeutic proteins in industrial scale regarding plasmid stability, cost, and product quality. This work aimed to construct a medium copy number pBR322-based expression vector carrying auto-inducible promoter, determine its ability to express heterologous gene, and study its segregational stability. Three stationary-phase promoters of Escherichia coli genes (gadA, dps and sbmC) were used to produce a superoxide dismutase from Staphylococcus equorum (rMnSODSeq) coding region from pBR322Δtet (pBR322-mini). Four plasmids were constructed with different promoters, i.e., T7 (pBMsod), gadA (pMCDsod), dps (pCADsod), and sbmC (pCDSsod) using pBR322-mini as backbone. Results showed that rMnSODSeq expression from pBMsod was significantly higher than that from pJExpress414sod (high copy number plasmid). Meanwhile, rMnSODSeq from pCADsod (auto-inducible promoter) was as high as from pBMsod (IPTG-inducible T7 promoter). rMnSODSeq expressed from pCADsod when bacterial cells entered stationary phase appeared as an active protein band of 23.5 kDa when analyzed by zymography and SDS-PAGE. pCADsod displayed the highest stability compared with pBMsod and pJEXpress414sod by plasmid retention assay. We demonstrate the use of an auto-inducible dps promoter to express high level of heterologous protein, an SOD of S. equorum, from a stable expression vector with medium copy number.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debbie Soefie Retnoningrum
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung, 40132, Indonesia.
| | - I Wayan Martadi Santika
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung, 40132, Indonesia
| | - Suryanata Kesuma
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung, 40132, Indonesia
| | - Syahdu Ayu Ekowati
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung, 40132, Indonesia
| | - Catur Riani
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung, 40132, Indonesia
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Sathesh-Prabu C, Lee SK. Engineering the lva operon and Optimization of Culture Conditions for Enhanced Production of 4-Hydroxyvalerate from Levulinic Acid in Pseudomonas putida KT2440. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:2540-2546. [PMID: 30773878 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b06884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Monomeric 4-hydroxyvalerate is a versatile chemical used to produce various commodities and fine chemicals. In the present study, the lvaAB gene was deleted from the lva operon in Pseudomonas putida KT2440 and tesB, obtained from Escherichia coli, was overexpressed under the control of the lva operon system, which is induced by the substrate levulinic acid and the product 4-hydroxyvalerate to produce 4-hydroxyvalerate from levulinic acid. The lvaAB-deleted strain showed almost complete conversion of levulinic acid to 4-hydroxyvalerate, compared with 24% conversion in the wild-type strain. In addition, under optimized culture conditions, the final engineered strain produced a maximum of 50 g/L 4-hydroxyvalerate with 97% conversion from levulinic acid. The system presented here could be applied to produce high titers of 4-hydroxyvalerate in a cost-effective manner at a large scale from renewable cellulosic biomass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandran Sathesh-Prabu
- Department of Chemical Engineering , Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) , Ulsan 44919 , Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Kuk Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering , Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) , Ulsan 44919 , Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Engineering , Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) , Ulsan 44919 , Republic of Korea
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62
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Expanding the promoter toolbox of Bacillus megaterium. J Biotechnol 2019; 294:38-48. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2019.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Revised: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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63
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Kato M, Hanyu Y. Single-step colony assay with autoinduction of scFv expression for the screening of antibody libraries. Biotechniques 2019; 66:194-197. [PMID: 30781974 DOI: 10.2144/btn-2018-0195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
We present a simple colony assay method for screening antibody libraries based on autoinduction of antibody fragment expression. This protocol eliminates the need for colony size monitoring and a separate induction step for single-chain Fv (scFv) antibody fragment expression. Here, scFvs are expressed in an automatic and timely fashion during the assay, resulting in high yields of positive clones and substantial time savings. The method was used successfully to establish monoclonal scFvs with high affinity and specificity against human IgG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mieko Kato
- Bio-Peak Co., Ltd, 584-70 Shimonojo, Takasaki 370-0854 Japan
| | - Yoshiro Hanyu
- Structural Physiology Research Group, Biomedical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science & Technology (AIST), 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba 305-8566 Japan
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64
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Beitelshees M, Hill A, Li Y, Chen M, Ahmadi MK, Smith RJ, Andreadis ST, Rostami P, Jones CH, Pfeifer BA. Antigen delivery format variation and formulation stability through use of a hybrid vector. Vaccine X 2019; 1:100012. [PMID: 31384734 PMCID: PMC6668244 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvacx.2019.100012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Revised: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
A hybrid biological-biomaterial antigen delivery vector comprised of a polymeric shell encapsulating an Escherichia coli core was previously developed for in situ antigen production and subsequent delivery. Due to the engineering capacity of the bacterial core, the hybrid vector provides unique opportunities for immunogenicity optimization through varying cellular localization (cytoplasm, periplasm, cellular surface) and type (protein or DNA) of antigen. In this work, three protein-based hybrid vector formats were compared in which the pneumococcal surface protein A (PspA) was localized to the cytoplasm, surface, and periplasmic space of the bacterial core for vaccination against pneumococcal disease. Furthermore, we tested the hybrid vector's capacity as a DNA vaccine against Streptococcus pneumoniae by introducing a plasmid into the bacterial core to facilitate PspA expression in antigen presenting cells (APCs). Through testing these various formulations, we determined that cytoplasmic accumulation of PspA elicited the strongest immune response (antibody production and protection against bacterial challenge) and enabled complete protection at substantially lower doses when compared to vaccination with PspA + adjuvant. We also improved the storage stability of the hybrid vector to retain complete activity after 1 month at 4 °C using an approach in which hybrid vectors suspended in a microbial freeze drying buffer were desiccated. These results demonstrate the flexibility and robustness of the hybrid vector formulation, which has the potential to be a potent vaccine against S. pneumoniae.
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Key Words
- APCs, antigen presenting cells
- AS, aqueous storage
- CDM, chemically defined bacterial growth medium
- CFA, Complete Freund's Adjuvant
- CHV, cytoplasmic hybrid vector
- CPSs, capsular polysaccharides
- ClyA, cytolysin A
- DNA vaccine
- DS, desiccated storage
- EHV, empty hybrid vector
- IN, intranasal
- IP, intraperitoneal
- LBVs, live bacterial vectors
- LLO, listeriolysin O
- NVT, non-vaccine type
- PAMPs, pathogen-associated molecular patterns
- PCVs, pneumococcal conjugate vaccines
- PHV, periplasmic hybrid vector
- PcpA, pneumococcal choline-binding protein A
- PhtD, histidine triad protein D
- Pneumococcal disease
- Pneumococcal surface protein A (PspA)
- PspA, pneumococcal surface protein A
- SC, subcutaneous
- SHV, surface hybrid vector
- Streptococcus pneumoniae
- Vaccine delivery
- pHV, plasmid hybrid vector
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Beitelshees
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260-4200, USA
| | - Andrew Hill
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260-4200, USA
- Abcombi Biosciences Inc., Buffalo, NY 14260-4200, USA
| | - Yi Li
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260-4200, USA
| | - Mingfu Chen
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260-4200, USA
| | - Mahmoud Kamal Ahmadi
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260-4200, USA
| | - Randall J. Smith
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260-4200, USA
| | - Stelios T. Andreadis
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260-4200, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260-4200, USA
- Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics and Life Sciences, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Pooya Rostami
- Abcombi Biosciences Inc., Buffalo, NY 14260-4200, USA
| | | | - Blaine A. Pfeifer
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260-4200, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260-4200, USA
- Corresponding author at: Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260-4200, USA.
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Vasconcelos LTCDP, Oliveira Filho MA, Ribeiro VT, Araújo JSD, de Sousa Junior FC, Martins DRA, Dos Santos ES. Optimization of the 503 antigen induction strategy of Leishmania infantum chagasi expressed in Escherichia coli M15. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2018; 48:968-976. [PMID: 30489218 DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2018.1525563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Leishmaniosis is a complex of diseases that can be fatal, if not given proper attention. Despite its relevance in the public health system, there is no vaccine capable of preventing the disease in humans so far and its treatment is expensive and aggressive to human health. The present study aims to optimize the induction parameters of the 503 Leishmania i. chagasi antigen expressed in recombinant Escherichia coli M15. The induction at different cell densities was evaluated in order to analyze the influence of the induction time on the yield of the protein of interest. In this segment, lactose and isopropyl-β-d-thiogalactopyranoside (IPTG) were used as inducer molecules, using various concentrations: 0.1 g/L, 1.0 g/L, and 10 g/L for lactose and 20 μM, 100 μM, 500 μM, and 1000 μM for IPTG. The results presented that the concentration of IPTG that obtained the higher antigen levels was that of 100 μM (0.087 g/L), a 10-fold lower concentration than was being previously used in this type of system and for lactose, it was 1 g/L (0.016 g/L). Thus, the induction with 100 μM allowed obtaining the antigen with a concentration 5.6 times higher than the lactose induction maximum concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luan Tales Costa de Paiva Vasconcelos
- a Biochemical Engineering Laboratory Chemical Engineering Postgraduate Studies Department , Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte , Natal , Brazil
| | - Marcos Antônio Oliveira Filho
- a Biochemical Engineering Laboratory Chemical Engineering Postgraduate Studies Department , Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte , Natal , Brazil
| | - Vitor Troccoli Ribeiro
- a Biochemical Engineering Laboratory Chemical Engineering Postgraduate Studies Department , Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte , Natal , Brazil
| | - Jaciara Silva de Araújo
- a Biochemical Engineering Laboratory Chemical Engineering Postgraduate Studies Department , Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte , Natal , Brazil
| | - Francisco Canindé de Sousa Junior
- a Biochemical Engineering Laboratory Chemical Engineering Postgraduate Studies Department , Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte , Natal , Brazil
| | | | - Everaldo Silvino Dos Santos
- a Biochemical Engineering Laboratory Chemical Engineering Postgraduate Studies Department , Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte , Natal , Brazil
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66
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Fitz E, Wanka F, Seiboth B. The Promoter Toolbox for Recombinant Gene Expression in Trichoderma reesei. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2018; 6:135. [PMID: 30364340 PMCID: PMC6193071 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2018.00135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The ascomycete Trichoderma reesei is one of the main fungal producers of cellulases and xylanases based on its high production capacity. Its enzymes are applied in food, feed, and textile industry or in lignocellulose hydrolysis in biofuel and biorefinery industry. Over the last years, the demand to expand the molecular toolbox for T. reesei to facilitate genetic engineering and improve the production of heterologous proteins grew. An important instrument to modify the expression of key genes are promoters to initiate and control their transcription. To date, the most commonly used promoter for T. reesei is the strong inducible promoter of the main cellobiohydrolase cel7a. Beside this one, there is a number of alternative inducible promoters derived from other cellulase- and xylanase encoding genes and a few constitutive promoters. With the advances in genomics and transcriptomics the identification of new constitutive and tunable promoters with different expression strength was simplified. In this review, we will discuss new developments in the field of promoters and compare their advantages and disadvantages. Synthetic expression systems constitute a new option to control gene expression and build up complex gene circuits. Therefore, we will address common structural features of promoters and describe options for promoter engineering and synthetic design of promoters. The availability of well-characterized gene expression control tools is essential for the analysis of gene function, detection of bottlenecks in gene networks and yield increase for biotechnology applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Fitz
- Research Division Biochemical Technology, Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Bioscience Engineering, TU Wien, Vienna, Austria.,Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology (ACIB) GmbH, Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Bioscience Engineering, TU Wien, Vienna, Austria
| | - Franziska Wanka
- Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology (ACIB) GmbH, Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Bioscience Engineering, TU Wien, Vienna, Austria
| | - Bernhard Seiboth
- Research Division Biochemical Technology, Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Bioscience Engineering, TU Wien, Vienna, Austria.,Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology (ACIB) GmbH, Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Bioscience Engineering, TU Wien, Vienna, Austria
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67
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Mesgari-Shadi A, Sarrafzadeh MH, Barar J, Omidi Y. Cost-effective batch production process of scFv antibody in Escherichia coli. Hum Antibodies 2018. [PMID: 29526846 DOI: 10.3233/hab-180333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cost-effective production of antibody (Ab) fragments is of great interests of many pharmaceutical industries, in large part due to their high usages in research, diagnosis and therapy. Thus, the production of Abs necessitates accomplishment of the optimal strategies. OBJECTIVE In this study, based on the induction start time using arabinose, we implemented a novel strategy for the cost-effective production of single chain variable fragment (scFv) in Escherichia coli (E. coli). METHODS Complex and minimum media were used to investigate the batch fermentation in 50 mL batch tubes to find the optimum conditions for the production of a scFv in the Escherichia coli HB2151. RESULTS Arabinose was used as an appropriate economical alternative of isopropyl β-D-1-thiogalactopyranoside (IPTG) for the production of scFv antibody. The optimum concentration of arabinose as an inducer was 0.1% (w/w), while below this point the scFv production yield (YP/X) decreased significantly. The start time of the induction of E. coli HB2151 cells was adjusted to the stationary phase of the growth, and the results showed higher specific scFv production yields up to 0.9 mg scFv/g biomass in the minimum media. The optimum induction duration times for the complex and minimum media were about 12 and 24 hours, respectively. CONCLUSIONS We propose this method to possibly be used for the large-scale production of recombinant proteins/peptides such as scFv and Fab antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Mesgari-Shadi
- School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.,Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Biomedicine Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Jaleh Barar
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Biomedicine Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Yadollah Omidi
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Biomedicine Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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68
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Metabolic engineering of a carbapenem antibiotic synthesis pathway in Escherichia coli. Nat Chem Biol 2018; 14:794-800. [DOI: 10.1038/s41589-018-0084-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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69
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Anilionyte O, Liang H, Ma X, Yang L, Zhou K. Short, auto-inducible promoters for well-controlled protein expression in Escherichia coli. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 102:7007-7015. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-018-9141-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Revised: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Gonzalez D, Fraichard S, Grassein P, Delarue P, Senet P, Nicolaï A, Chavanne E, Mucher E, Artur Y, Ferveur JF, Heydel JM, Briand L, Neiers F. Characterization of a Drosophila glutathione transferase involved in isothiocyanate detoxification. INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2018; 95:33-43. [PMID: 29578047 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2018.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Revised: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Glutathione transferases (GSTs) are ubiquitous key enzymes that catalyse the conjugation of glutathione to xenobiotic compounds in the detoxification process. GSTs have been proposed to play a dual role in the signal termination of insect chemodetection by modifying odorant and tasting molecules and by protecting the chemosensory system. Among the 40 GSTs identified in Drosophila melanogaster, the Delta and Epsilon groups are insect-specific. GSTs Delta and Epsilon may have evolved to serve in detoxification, and have been associated with insecticide resistance. Here, we report the heterologous expression and purification of the D. melanogaster GST Delta 2 (GSTD2). We investigated the capacity of GSTD2 to bind tasting molecules. Among them, we found that isothiocyanates (ITC), insecticidal compounds naturally present in cruciferous plant and perceived as bitter, are good substrates for GSTD2. The X-ray structure of GSTD2 was solved, showing the absence of the classical Ser catalytic residue, conserved in the Delta and Epsilon GSTs. Using molecular dynamics, the interaction of ITC with the GSTD2 three-dimensional structure is analysed and discussed. These findings allow us to consider a biological role for GSTD2 in chemoperception, considering GSTD2 expression in the chemosensory organs and the potential consequences of insect exposure to ITC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Gonzalez
- Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation (CSGA), Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, INRA, CNRS, France
| | - Stéphane Fraichard
- Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation (CSGA), Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, INRA, CNRS, France
| | - Paul Grassein
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire Carnot de Bourgogne, UMR 6303 CNRS-Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 9 Av. A. Savary, BP 47 870, F-21078, Dijon Cedex, France
| | - Patrice Delarue
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire Carnot de Bourgogne, UMR 6303 CNRS-Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 9 Av. A. Savary, BP 47 870, F-21078, Dijon Cedex, France
| | - Patrick Senet
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire Carnot de Bourgogne, UMR 6303 CNRS-Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 9 Av. A. Savary, BP 47 870, F-21078, Dijon Cedex, France
| | - Adrien Nicolaï
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire Carnot de Bourgogne, UMR 6303 CNRS-Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 9 Av. A. Savary, BP 47 870, F-21078, Dijon Cedex, France
| | - Evelyne Chavanne
- Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation (CSGA), Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, INRA, CNRS, France
| | - Elodie Mucher
- Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation (CSGA), Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, INRA, CNRS, France
| | - Yves Artur
- Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation (CSGA), Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, INRA, CNRS, France
| | - Jean-François Ferveur
- Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation (CSGA), Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, INRA, CNRS, France
| | - Jean-Marie Heydel
- Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation (CSGA), Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, INRA, CNRS, France
| | - Loïc Briand
- Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation (CSGA), Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, INRA, CNRS, France
| | - Fabrice Neiers
- Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation (CSGA), Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, INRA, CNRS, France.
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Husser MC, Vo PQN, Sinha H, Ahmadi F, Shih SCC. An Automated Induction Microfluidics System for Synthetic Biology. ACS Synth Biol 2018. [PMID: 29516725 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.8b00025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The expression of a recombinant gene in a host organism through induction can be an extensively manual and labor-intensive procedure. Several methods have been developed to simplify the protocol, but none has fully replaced the traditional IPTG-based induction. To simplify this process, we describe the development of an autoinduction platform based on digital microfluidics. This system consists of a 600 nm LED and a light sensor to enable the real-time monitoring of the optical density (OD) samples coordinated with the semicontinuous mixing of a bacterial culture. A hand-held device was designed as a microbioreactor to culture cells and to measure the OD of the bacterial culture. In addition, it serves as a platform for the analysis of regulated protein expression in E. coli without the requirement of standardized well-plates or pipetting-based platforms. Here, we report for the first time, a system that offers great convenience without the user to physically monitor the culture or to manually add inducer at specific times. We characterized our system by looking at several parameters (electrode designs, gap height, and growth rates) required for an autoinducible system. As a first step, we carried out an automated induction optimization assay using a RFP reporter gene to identify conditions suitable for our system. Next, we used our system to identify active thermophilic β-glucosidase enzymes that may be suitable candidates for biomass hydrolysis. Overall, we believe that this platform may be useful for synthetic biology applications that require regulating and analyzing expression of heterologous genes for strain optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu C. Husser
- Department of Biology, Concordia University, Montréal, Québec H4B 1R6, Canada
- Centre for Applied Synthetic Biology, Concordia University, Montréal, Québec H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Philippe Q. N. Vo
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Concordia University, Montréal, Québec H3G 1M8, Canada
| | - Hugo Sinha
- Centre for Applied Synthetic Biology, Concordia University, Montréal, Québec H4B 1R6, Canada
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Concordia University, Montréal, Québec H3G 1M8, Canada
| | - Fatemeh Ahmadi
- Centre for Applied Synthetic Biology, Concordia University, Montréal, Québec H4B 1R6, Canada
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Concordia University, Montréal, Québec H3G 1M8, Canada
| | - Steve C. C. Shih
- Department of Biology, Concordia University, Montréal, Québec H4B 1R6, Canada
- Centre for Applied Synthetic Biology, Concordia University, Montréal, Québec H4B 1R6, Canada
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Concordia University, Montréal, Québec H3G 1M8, Canada
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Yang Y, Hong Y, Cho E, Kim GB, Kim IS. Extracellular vesicles as a platform for membrane-associated therapeutic protein delivery. J Extracell Vesicles 2018; 7:1440131. [PMID: 29535849 PMCID: PMC5844050 DOI: 10.1080/20013078.2018.1440131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Membrane proteins are of great research interest, particularly because they are rich in targets for therapeutic application. The suitability of various membrane proteins as targets for therapeutic formulations, such as drugs or antibodies, has been studied in preclinical and clinical studies. For therapeutic application, however, a protein must be expressed and purified in as close to its native conformation as possible. This has proven difficult for membrane proteins, as their native conformation requires the association with an appropriate cellular membrane. One solution to this problem is to use extracellular vesicles as a display platform. Exosomes and microvesicles are membranous extracellular vesicles that are released from most cells. Their membranes may provide a favourable microenvironment for membrane proteins to take on their proper conformation, activity, and membrane distribution; moreover, membrane proteins can cluster into microdomains on the surface of extracellular vesicles following their biogenesis. In this review, we survey the state-of-the-art of extracellular vesicle (exosome and small-sized microvesicle)-based therapeutics, evaluate the current biological understanding of these formulations, and forecast the technical advances that will be needed to continue driving the development of membrane protein therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoosoo Yang
- Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Division for Bio-Medical Science & Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeonsun Hong
- Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, Republic of Korea
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunji Cho
- Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, Republic of Korea
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Gi Beom Kim
- Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, Republic of Korea
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - In-San Kim
- Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, Republic of Korea
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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73
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Baumschlager A, Aoki SK, Khammash M. Dynamic Blue Light-Inducible T7 RNA Polymerases (Opto-T7RNAPs) for Precise Spatiotemporal Gene Expression Control. ACS Synth Biol 2017; 6:2157-2167. [PMID: 29045151 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.7b00169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Light has emerged as a control input for biological systems due to its precise spatiotemporal resolution. The limited toolset for light control in bacteria motivated us to develop a light-inducible transcription system that is independent from cellular regulation through the use of an orthogonal RNA polymerase. Here, we present our engineered blue light-responsive T7 RNA polymerases (Opto-T7RNAPs) that show properties such as low leakiness of gene expression in the dark state, high expression strength when induced with blue light, and an inducible range of more than 300-fold. Following optimization of the system to reduce expression variability, we created a variant that returns to the inactive dark state within minutes once the blue light is turned off. This allows for precise dynamic control of gene expression, which is a key aspect for most applications using optogenetic regulation. The regulators, which only require blue light from ordinary light-emitting diodes for induction, were developed and tested in the bacterium Escherichia coli, which is a crucial cell factory for biotechnology due to its fast and inexpensive cultivation and well understood physiology and genetics. Opto-T7RNAP, with minor alterations, should be extendable to other bacterial species as well as eukaryotes such as mammalian cells and yeast in which the T7 RNA polymerase and the light-inducible Vivid regulator have been shown to be functional. We anticipate that our approach will expand the applicability of using light as an inducer for gene expression independent from cellular regulation and allow for a more reliable dynamic control of synthetic and natural gene networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armin Baumschlager
- Department of Biosystems
Science and Engineering (D-BSSE), ETH−Zürich, Mattenstrasse 26, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Stephanie K. Aoki
- Department of Biosystems
Science and Engineering (D-BSSE), ETH−Zürich, Mattenstrasse 26, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Mustafa Khammash
- Department of Biosystems
Science and Engineering (D-BSSE), ETH−Zürich, Mattenstrasse 26, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
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74
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Mesgari-Shadi A, Sarrafzadeh MH. Osmotic conditions could promote scFv antibody production in the Escherichia coli HB2151. BIOIMPACTS : BI 2017; 7:199-206. [PMID: 29159147 PMCID: PMC5684511 DOI: 10.15171/bi.2017.23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2017] [Revised: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: Single chain variable fragment (scFv) antibodies are reduced forms of the whole antibodies that could be regarded as an alternative tool for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. The optimization of processes and environmental conditions is necessary to increase the production yields and enhance the productivity. This can result in a cost-effective process and respond to the high demand for these antibodies. Methods: In this research, physical and chemical factors influencing the batch fermentation was investigated in 50 mL batch tubes using minimum media to find the optimum conditions for production of a single chain variable fragment antibody in the Escherichia coli HB2151. Experimental designs were used to screen the effective parameters and to optimize the main factors. Results: Arabinose was used instead of IPTG as a cheaper and nontoxic inducer and its optimum concentration was determined 0.1% (w/w). Induction duration time and filling volume fraction were set on the relatively better states 24 hours and 1/10 respectively. Regarding our previous study, stationary phase of the cell growth was selected as induction start time that showed higher specific scFv production yields (YP/X) in the minimum media. Finally, a statistical experimental design was extended to a central composite design (CCD) and analysis was performed based on sucrose and sorbitol concentrations producing osmotic condition for induction. The optimum region in the contour plot for the periplasmic scFv production was an osmotic circle area with total sugar molarity 0.8 to 0.9. Conclusion: Sugars such as sucrose and sorbitol producing osmotic conditions could lead to periplasmic scFv concentrations up to 2.85 mg/L of culture media improving scFv concentration near to five times of the average of the screening step (0.59 mg/L).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Mesgari-Shadi
- Biotechnology Group, School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Iran
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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75
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Efficient genetic approaches for improvement of plasmid based expression of recombinant protein in Escherichia coli : A review. Process Biochem 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2017.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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