51
|
Lalo U, Bogdanov A, Pankratov Y. Age- and Experience-Related Plasticity of ATP-Mediated Signaling in the Neocortex. Front Cell Neurosci 2019; 13:242. [PMID: 31191257 PMCID: PMC6548886 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2019.00242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
There is growing recognition of the important role of interaction between neurons and glial cells for brain longevity. The extracellular ATP have been shown to bring significant contribution into bi-directional glia-neuron communications, in particular into astrocyte-driven modulation of synaptic plasticity. To elucidate a putative impact of brain aging on neuron-glia networks, we explored the aging-related plasticity of the purinoreceptors-mediated signaling in cortical neurons and astrocytes. We investigated the age- and experience-related alterations in purinergic components of neuronal synaptic currents and astroglial calcium signaling in the layer2/3 of neocortex of mice exposed to the mild caloric restriction (CR) and environmental enrichment (EE) which included ad libitum physical exercise. We observed the considerable age-related decline in the neuronal P2X receptor-mediated miniature spontaneous currents which originated from the release of ATP from both synapses and astrocytes. We also found out that purinergic astrocytic Ca2+-signaling underwent the substantial age-related decline but EE and CR rescued astroglial signaling, in particular mediated by P2X1, P2X1/5, and P2Y1 receptors. Our data showed that age-related attenuation in the astroglial calcium signaling caused a substantial decrease in the exocytosis of ATP leading to impairment of astroglia-derived purinergic modulation of excitatory synaptic currents and GABAergic tonic inhibitory currents. On a contrary, exposure to EE and CR, which enhanced purinergic astrocytic calcium signaling, up-regulated the excitatory and down-regulated the inhibitory currents in neurons of old mice, thus counterbalancing the impact of aging on synaptic signaling. Combined, our results strongly support the physiological importance of ATP-mediated signaling for glia-neuron interactions and brain function. Our data also show that P2 purinoreceptor-mediated communication between astrocytes and neurons in the neocortex undergoes remodeling during brain aging and decrease in the ATP release may contribute to the age-related impairment of synaptic transmission.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ulyana Lalo
- School of Life Sciences, Gibbet Hill Campus, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Alexander Bogdanov
- Institute for Chemistry and Biology, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, Kaliningrad, Russia
| | - Yuriy Pankratov
- School of Life Sciences, Gibbet Hill Campus, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
52
|
Mederos S, Hernández-Vivanco A, Ramírez-Franco J, Martín-Fernández M, Navarrete M, Yang A, Boyden ES, Perea G. Melanopsin for precise optogenetic activation of astrocyte-neuron networks. Glia 2019; 67:915-934. [PMID: 30632636 DOI: 10.1002/glia.23580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Revised: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Optogenetics has been widely expanded to enhance or suppress neuronal activity and it has been recently applied to glial cells. Here, we have used a new approach based on selective expression of melanopsin, a G-protein-coupled photopigment, in astrocytes to trigger Ca2+ signaling. Using the genetically encoded Ca2+ indicator GCaMP6f and two-photon imaging, we show that melanopsin is both competent to stimulate robust IP3-dependent Ca2+ signals in astrocyte fine processes, and to evoke an ATP/Adenosine-dependent transient boost of hippocampal excitatory synaptic transmission. Additionally, under low-frequency light stimulation conditions, melanopsin-transfected astrocytes can trigger long-term synaptic changes. In vivo, melanopsin-astrocyte activation enhances episodic-like memory, suggesting melanopsin as an optical tool that could recapitulate the wide range of regulatory actions of astrocytes on neuronal networks in behaving animals. These results describe a novel approach using melanopsin as a precise trigger for astrocytes that mimics their endogenous G-protein signaling pathways, and present melanopsin as a valuable optical tool for neuron-glia studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Mederos
- Department of Functional and Systems Neurobiology, Instituto Cajal, CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Jorge Ramírez-Franco
- Department of Functional and Systems Neurobiology, Instituto Cajal, CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Marta Navarrete
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Aimei Yang
- Media Lab, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Edward S Boyden
- Media Lab, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts.,McGovern Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Gertrudis Perea
- Department of Functional and Systems Neurobiology, Instituto Cajal, CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
53
|
Coddou C, Sandoval R, Hevia MJ, Stojilkovic SS. Characterization of the antagonist actions of 5-BDBD at the rat P2X4 receptor. Neurosci Lett 2018; 690:219-224. [PMID: 30366010 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2018.10.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Revised: 09/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
P2X receptors (P2XRs) are a family of ATP-gated ionic channels that are expressed in numerous excitable and non-excitable cells. Despite the great advance on the structure and function of these receptors in the last decades, there is still lack of specific and potent antagonists for P2XRs subtypes, especially for the P2X4R. Here, we studied in detail the effect of the P2X4R antagonist 5-(3-bromophenyl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-benzofuro[3,2-e]-1,4-diazepin-2-one (5-BDBD) on ATP-induced currents mediated by the rat P2X4R and compared its specificity among another rat P2XRs. We found that 5-BDBD is a potent P2X4R antagonist, with an IC50 of 0.75 μM when applied for 2 min prior and during ATP stimulation. Moreover, at 10 μM concentration, 5-BDBD did not affect the ATP-induced P2X2aR, P2X2bR, and P2X7R current amplitude or the pattern of receptor desensitization. However, at 10 μM concentration but not 0.75 μM 5-BDBD inhibited the P2X1R and P2X3R-gated currents by 13 and 35% respectively. Moreover, we studied the effects of 5-BDBD in long-term potentiation experiments performed in rat hippocampal slices, finding this antagonist can partially decrease LTP, a response that is believed to be mediated in part by endogenous P2X4Rs. These results indicate that 5-BDBD could be used to study the endogenous effects of the P2X4R in the central nervous system and this antagonist can discriminate between P2X4R and other P2XRs, when they are co-expressed in the same tissue.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Coddou
- Departmento de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Católica del Norte, Coquimbo, Chile; Section on Cellular Signaling, TheEunice Kennedy ShiverNational Institute of Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States.
| | - Rodrigo Sandoval
- Departmento de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Católica del Norte, Coquimbo, Chile
| | - María José Hevia
- Departmento de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Católica del Norte, Coquimbo, Chile
| | - Stanko S Stojilkovic
- Section on Cellular Signaling, TheEunice Kennedy ShiverNational Institute of Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States
| |
Collapse
|
54
|
Martini-Stoica H, Cole AL, Swartzlander DB, Chen F, Wan YW, Bajaj L, Bader DA, Lee VMY, Trojanowski JQ, Liu Z, Sardiello M, Zheng H. TFEB enhances astroglial uptake of extracellular tau species and reduces tau spreading. J Exp Med 2018; 215:2355-2377. [PMID: 30108137 PMCID: PMC6122971 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20172158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Revised: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Martini-Stoica et al. demonstrate that the TFEB-mediated lysosomal pathway in astrocytes is increased in tauopathy and plays a functional role in modulating extracellular tau and the propagation of neuronal tau pathology in a mouse model of tau spreading. The progression of tau pathology in Alzheimer’s disease follows a stereotyped pattern, and recent evidence suggests a role of synaptic connections in this process. Astrocytes are well positioned at the neuronal synapse to capture and degrade extracellular tau as it transits the synapse and hence could potentially have the ability to inhibit tau spreading and delay disease progression. Our study shows increased expression and activity of Transcription Factor EB (TFEB), a master regulator of lysosomal biogenesis, in response to tau pathology in both human brains with dementia and transgenic mouse models. Exogenous TFEB expression in primary astrocytes enhances tau fibril uptake and lysosomal activity, while TFEB knockout has the reverse effect. In vivo, induced TFEB expression in astrocytes reduces pathology in the hippocampus of PS19 tauopathy mice, as well as prominently attenuates tau spreading from the ipsilateral to the contralateral hippocampus in a mouse model of tau spreading. Our study suggests that astrocytic TFEB plays a functional role in modulating extracellular tau and the propagation of neuronal tau pathology in tauopathies such as Alzheimer’s disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Heidi Martini-Stoica
- Huffington Center on Aging, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX.,Interdepartmental Program of Translational Biology and Molecular Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX.,Medical Scientist Training Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Allysa L Cole
- Huffington Center on Aging, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | | | - Fading Chen
- Huffington Center on Aging, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Ying-Wooi Wan
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX.,Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Lakshya Bajaj
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX.,Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - David A Bader
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX.,Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Virginia M Y Lee
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Institute on Aging and Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
| | - John Q Trojanowski
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Institute on Aging and Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Zhandong Liu
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX.,Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Marco Sardiello
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX.,Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Hui Zheng
- Huffington Center on Aging, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX .,Interdepartmental Program of Translational Biology and Molecular Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX.,Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| |
Collapse
|
55
|
Osipova ED, Semyachkina-Glushkovskaya OV, Morgun AV, Pisareva NV, Malinovskaya NA, Boitsova EB, Pozhilenkova EA, Belova OA, Salmin VV, Taranushenko TE, Noda M, Salmina AB. Gliotransmitters and cytokines in the control of blood-brain barrier permeability. Rev Neurosci 2018; 29:567-591. [DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2017-0092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 11/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe contribution of astrocytes and microglia to the regulation of neuroplasticity or neurovascular unit (NVU) is based on the coordinated secretion of gliotransmitters and cytokines and the release and uptake of metabolites. Blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity and angiogenesis are influenced by perivascular cells contacting with the abluminal side of brain microvessel endothelial cells (pericytes, astrocytes) or by immune cells existing (microglia) or invading the NVU (macrophages) under pathologic conditions. The release of gliotransmitters or cytokines by activated astroglial and microglial cells is provided by distinct mechanisms, affects intercellular communication, and results in the establishment of microenvironment controlling BBB permeability and neuroinflammation. Glial glutamate transporters and connexin and pannexin hemichannels working in the tight functional coupling with the purinergic system serve as promising molecular targets for manipulating the intercellular communications that control BBB permeability in brain pathologies associated with excessive angiogenesis, cerebrovascular remodeling, and BBB-mediated neuroinflammation. Substantial progress in deciphering the molecular mechanisms underlying the (patho)physiology of perivascular glia provides promising approaches to novel clinically relevant therapies for brain disorders. The present review summarizes the current understandings on the secretory machinery expressed in glial cells (glutamate transporters, connexin and pannexin hemichannels, exocytosis mechanisms, membrane-derived microvesicles, and inflammasomes) and the role of secreted gliotransmitters and cytokines in the regulation of NVU and BBB permeability in (patho)physiologic conditions.
Collapse
|
56
|
Lalo U, Bogdanov A, Pankratov Y. Diversity of Astroglial Effects on Aging- and Experience-Related Cortical Metaplasticity. Front Mol Neurosci 2018; 11:239. [PMID: 30057525 PMCID: PMC6053488 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2018.00239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Activity-dependent regulation of synaptic plasticity, or metaplasticity, plays a key role in the adaptation of neuronal networks to physiological and biochemical changes in aging brain. There is a growing evidence that experience-related alterations in the mechanisms of synaptic plasticity can underlie beneficial effects of physical exercise and caloric restriction (CR) on brain health and cognition. Astrocytes, which form neuro-vascular interface and can modulate synaptic plasticity by release of gliotransmitters, attract an increasing attention as important element of brain metaplasticity. We investigated the age- and experience-related alterations in astroglial calcium signaling and stimulus-dependence of long-term synaptic plasticity in the neocortex of mice exposed to the mild CR and environmental enrichment (EE) which included ad libitum physical exercise. We found out that astrocytic Ca2+-signaling underwent considerable age-related decline but EE and CR enhanced astroglial signaling, in particular mediated by noradrenaline (NA) and endocannabinoid receptors. The release of ATP and D-Serine from astrocytes followed the same trends of age-related declined and EE-induced increase. Our data also showed that astrocyte-derived ATP and D-Serine can have diverse effects on the threshold and magnitude of long-term changes in the strength of neocortical synapses; these effects were age-dependent. The CR- and EE-induced enhancement of astroglial Ca2+-signaling had more stronger effect on synaptic plasticity in the old (14–18 months) than in the young (2–5 months) wild-type (WT) mice. The effects of CR and EE on synaptic plasticity were significantly altered in both young and aged dnSNARE mice. Combined, our data suggest astrocyte-neuron interactions are important for dynamic regulation of cortical synaptic plasticity. This interaction can significantly decline with aging and thus contributes to the age-related cognitive impairment. On another hand, experience-related increase in the astroglial Ca2+-signaling can ameliorate the age-related decline.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ulyana Lalo
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Alexander Bogdanov
- Institute for Chemistry and Biology, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, Kaliningrad, Russia
| | - Yuriy Pankratov
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
57
|
Ding X, Liang YJ, Su L, Liao FF, Fang D, Tai J, Xing GG. BDNF contributes to the neonatal incision-induced facilitation of spinal long-term potentiation and the exacerbation of incisional pain in adult rats. Neuropharmacology 2018; 137:114-132. [PMID: 29729892 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2018.04.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Revised: 04/08/2018] [Accepted: 04/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Neonatal surgical injury exacerbates spinal microglial reactivity, modifies spinal synaptic function, leading to exaggerated pain hypersensitivity after adult repeated incision. Whether and how the alteration in microglial reactivity and synaptic plasticity are functionally related remain unclear. Previously, we and others have documented that spinal brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), secreted from microglia, contributes to long-term potentiation (LTP) in adult rodents with neuropathic pain. Here, we demonstrated that the mRNA and protein expression of spinal BDNF are significantly upregulated in adult rats subjected to neonatal incision and adult repeated incision (nIN-IN). Neonatal incision facilitates spinal LTP induced by BDNF or high frequency electrical stimulation after adult incision, including a decreased induction threshold and an increased magnitude of LTP. Coincidently, inhibition of spinal BDNF abrogates the LTP facilitation, alleviates the mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia in nIN-IN rats. By contrast, spinal application of exogenous BDNF in the adult rats with a single neonatal incision mimics the LTP facilitation and pain hypersensitivity, which have been found in nIN-IN rats. Exogenous BDNF-induced exacerbation of pain hypersensitivity could be blocked by BDNF inhibitor. In addition, blockade of microglial reactivity by intrathecal application of minocycline attenuates the elevation of BDNF and the LTP facilitation, and also, alleviates pain hypersensitivity in nIN-IN rats. In conclusion, spinal BDNF, at least partly derived from microglia, contributes to the neonatal incision-induced facilitation of spinal LTP and to the exacerbation of incisional pain in adult rats. Thus, spinal BDNF may combine the changes of microglial reactivity and synaptic plasticity in nIN-IN rats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xu Ding
- Nutrition Research Unit, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China.
| | - Ya-Jing Liang
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences and Neuroscience Research Institute, Peking University, Key Lab for Neuroscience, Ministry of Education of China and National Committee of Health and Family Planning of China, Peking University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Li Su
- Center of Medical and Health Analysis, Peking University, Beijing, China.
| | - Fei-Fei Liao
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences and Neuroscience Research Institute, Peking University, Key Lab for Neuroscience, Ministry of Education of China and National Committee of Health and Family Planning of China, Peking University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Dong Fang
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences and Neuroscience Research Institute, Peking University, Key Lab for Neuroscience, Ministry of Education of China and National Committee of Health and Family Planning of China, Peking University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Jun Tai
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Pediatric Diseases of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China.
| | - Guo-Gang Xing
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences and Neuroscience Research Institute, Peking University, Key Lab for Neuroscience, Ministry of Education of China and National Committee of Health and Family Planning of China, Peking University, Beijing 100083, China.
| |
Collapse
|
58
|
The putative role of oxidative stress and inflammation in the pathophysiology of sleep dysfunction across neuropsychiatric disorders: Focus on chronic fatigue syndrome, bipolar disorder and multiple sclerosis. Sleep Med Rev 2018; 41:255-265. [PMID: 29759891 DOI: 10.1016/j.smrv.2018.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Revised: 02/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Sleep and circadian abnormalities are prevalent and burdensome manifestations of diverse neuro-immune diseases, and may aggravate the course of several neuropsychiatric disorders. The underlying pathophysiology of sleep abnormalities across neuropsychiatric disorders remains unclear, and may involve the inter-play of several clinical variables and mechanistic pathways. In this review, we propose a heuristic framework in which reciprocal interactions of immune, oxidative and nitrosative stress, and mitochondrial pathways may drive sleep abnormalities across potentially neuroprogressive disorders. Specifically, it is proposed that systemic inflammation may activate microglial cells and astrocytes in brain regions involved in sleep and circadian regulation. Activated glial cells may secrete pro-inflammatory cytokines (for example, interleukin-1 beta and tumour necrosis factor alpha), nitric oxide and gliotransmitters, which may influence the expression of key circadian regulators (e.g., the Circadian Locomotor Output Cycles Kaput (CLOCK) gene). Furthermore, sleep disruption may further aggravate oxidative and nitrosative, peripheral immune activation, and (neuro) inflammation across these disorders in a vicious pathophysiological loop. This review will focus on chronic fatigue syndrome, bipolar disorder, and multiple sclerosis as exemplars of neuro-immune disorders. We conclude that novel therapeutic targets exploring immune and oxidative & nitrosative pathways (p.e. melatonin and molecular hydrogen) hold promise in alleviating sleep and circadian dysfunction in these disorders.
Collapse
|
59
|
Abstract
Astrocytes are neural cells of ectodermal, neuroepithelial origin that provide for homeostasis and defense of the central nervous system (CNS). Astrocytes are highly heterogeneous in morphological appearance; they express a multitude of receptors, channels, and membrane transporters. This complement underlies their remarkable adaptive plasticity that defines the functional maintenance of the CNS in development and aging. Astrocytes are tightly integrated into neural networks and act within the context of neural tissue; astrocytes control homeostasis of the CNS at all levels of organization from molecular to the whole organ.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexei Verkhratsky
- The University of Manchester , Manchester , United Kingdom ; Achúcarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science , Bilbao , Spain ; Department of Neuroscience, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU and CIBERNED, Leioa, Spain ; Center for Basic and Translational Neuroscience, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen , Denmark ; and Center for Translational Neuromedicine, University of Rochester Medical Center , Rochester, New York
| | - Maiken Nedergaard
- The University of Manchester , Manchester , United Kingdom ; Achúcarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science , Bilbao , Spain ; Department of Neuroscience, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU and CIBERNED, Leioa, Spain ; Center for Basic and Translational Neuroscience, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen , Denmark ; and Center for Translational Neuromedicine, University of Rochester Medical Center , Rochester, New York
| |
Collapse
|
60
|
Verkhratsky A, Nedergaard M. Physiology of Astroglia. Physiol Rev 2018; 98:239-389. [PMID: 29351512 PMCID: PMC6050349 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00042.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 916] [Impact Index Per Article: 152.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Revised: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Astrocytes are neural cells of ectodermal, neuroepithelial origin that provide for homeostasis and defense of the central nervous system (CNS). Astrocytes are highly heterogeneous in morphological appearance; they express a multitude of receptors, channels, and membrane transporters. This complement underlies their remarkable adaptive plasticity that defines the functional maintenance of the CNS in development and aging. Astrocytes are tightly integrated into neural networks and act within the context of neural tissue; astrocytes control homeostasis of the CNS at all levels of organization from molecular to the whole organ.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexei Verkhratsky
- The University of Manchester , Manchester , United Kingdom ; Achúcarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science , Bilbao , Spain ; Department of Neuroscience, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU and CIBERNED, Leioa, Spain ; Center for Basic and Translational Neuroscience, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen , Denmark ; and Center for Translational Neuromedicine, University of Rochester Medical Center , Rochester, New York
| | - Maiken Nedergaard
- The University of Manchester , Manchester , United Kingdom ; Achúcarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science , Bilbao , Spain ; Department of Neuroscience, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU and CIBERNED, Leioa, Spain ; Center for Basic and Translational Neuroscience, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen , Denmark ; and Center for Translational Neuromedicine, University of Rochester Medical Center , Rochester, New York
| |
Collapse
|
61
|
Driessen AK, McGovern AE, Narula M, Yang SK, Keller JA, Farrell MJ, Mazzone SB. Central mechanisms of airway sensation and cough hypersensitivity. Pulm Pharmacol Ther 2017; 47:9-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pupt.2017.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
|
62
|
Shen W, Nikolic L, Meunier C, Pfrieger F, Audinat E. An autocrine purinergic signaling controls astrocyte-induced neuronal excitation. Sci Rep 2017; 7:11280. [PMID: 28900295 PMCID: PMC5595839 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-11793-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Astrocyte-derived gliotransmitters glutamate and ATP modulate neuronal activity. It remains unclear, however, how astrocytes control the release and coordinate the actions of these gliotransmitters. Using transgenic expression of the light-sensitive channelrhodopsin 2 (ChR2) in astrocytes, we observed that photostimulation reliably increases action potential firing of hippocampal pyramidal neurons. This excitation relies primarily on a calcium-dependent glutamate release by astrocytes that activates neuronal extra-synaptic NMDA receptors. Remarkably, our results show that ChR2-induced Ca2+ increase and subsequent glutamate release are amplified by ATP/ADP-mediated autocrine activation of P2Y1 receptors on astrocytes. Thus, neuronal excitation is promoted by a synergistic action of glutamatergic and autocrine purinergic signaling in astrocytes. This new mechanism may be particularly relevant for pathological conditions in which ATP extracellular concentration is increased and acts as a major danger signal.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weida Shen
- Inserm U1128, Paris Descartes University, 75006, Paris, France
| | | | - Claire Meunier
- Inserm U1128, Paris Descartes University, 75006, Paris, France
| | - Frank Pfrieger
- Institute of Cellular and Integrative Neurosciences, CNRS UPR 3212, University of Strasbourg, 67084, Strasbourg, France
| | - Etienne Audinat
- Inserm U1128, Paris Descartes University, 75006, Paris, France.
| |
Collapse
|
63
|
Modulation of Central Synapses by Astrocyte-Released ATP and Postsynaptic P2X Receptors. Neural Plast 2017; 2017:9454275. [PMID: 28845311 PMCID: PMC5563405 DOI: 10.1155/2017/9454275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Communication between neuronal and glial cells is important for neural plasticity. P2X receptors are ATP-gated cation channels widely expressed in the brain where they mediate action of extracellular ATP released by neurons and/or glia. Recent data show that postsynaptic P2X receptors underlie slow neuromodulatory actions rather than fast synaptic transmission at brain synapses. Here, we review these findings with a particular focus on the release of ATP by astrocytes and the diversity of postsynaptic P2X-mediated modulation of synaptic strength and plasticity in the CNS.
Collapse
|
64
|
Piacentini R, Puma DDL, Mainardi M, Lazzarino G, Tavazzi B, Arancio O, Grassi C. Reduced gliotransmitter release from astrocytes mediates tau-induced synaptic dysfunction in cultured hippocampal neurons. Glia 2017; 65:1302-1316. [PMID: 28519902 PMCID: PMC5520670 DOI: 10.1002/glia.23163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Revised: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Tau is a microtubule-associated protein exerting several physiological functions in neurons. In Alzheimer's disease (AD) misfolded tau accumulates intraneuronally and leads to axonal degeneration. However, tau has also been found in the extracellular medium. Recent studies indicated that extracellular tau uploaded from neurons causes synaptic dysfunction and contributes to tau pathology propagation. Here we report novel evidence that extracellular tau oligomers are abundantly and rapidly accumulated in astrocytes where they disrupt intracellular Ca2+ signaling and Ca2+ -dependent release of gliotransmitters, especially ATP. Consequently, synaptic vesicle release, the expression of pre- and postsynaptic proteins, and mEPSC frequency and amplitude were reduced in neighboring neurons. Notably, we found that tau uploading from astrocytes required the amyloid precursor protein, APP. Collectively, our findings suggests that astrocytes play a critical role in the synaptotoxic effects of tau via reduced gliotransmitter availability, and that astrocytes are major determinants of tau pathology in AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Piacentini
- Institute of Human Physiology, Medical School, Università Cattolica, Largo F. Vito 1, 00168, Rome, Italy
| | - Domenica Donatella Li Puma
- Institute of Human Physiology, Medical School, Università Cattolica, Largo F. Vito 1, 00168, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Mainardi
- Institute of Human Physiology, Medical School, Università Cattolica, Largo F. Vito 1, 00168, Rome, Italy
| | - Giacomo Lazzarino
- Institute of Biochemistry and Clinical Biochemistry, Medical School, Università Cattolica, Largo F. Vito 1, 00168, Rome, Italy
| | - Barbara Tavazzi
- Institute of Biochemistry and Clinical Biochemistry, Medical School, Università Cattolica, Largo F. Vito 1, 00168, Rome, Italy
| | - Ottavio Arancio
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology and Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University, New York, 630 W 168th St., NY 10032 USA
| | - Claudio Grassi
- Institute of Human Physiology, Medical School, Università Cattolica, Largo F. Vito 1, 00168, Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
65
|
Vesicular nucleotide transporter (VNUT): appearance of an actress on the stage of purinergic signaling. Purinergic Signal 2017; 13:387-404. [PMID: 28616712 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-017-9568-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Accepted: 05/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Vesicular storage of ATP is one of the processes initiating purinergic chemical transmission. Although an active transport mechanism was postulated to be involved in the processes, a transporter(s) responsible for the vesicular storage of ATP remained unidentified for some time. In 2008, SLC17A9, the last identified member of the solute carrier 17 type I inorganic phosphate transporter family, was found to encode the vesicular nucleotide transporter (VNUT) that is responsible for the vesicular storage of ATP. VNUT transports various nucleotides in a membrane potential-dependent fashion and is expressed in the various ATP-secreting cells. Mice with knockout of the VNUT gene lose vesicular storage and release of ATP from neurons and neuroendocrine cells, resulting in blockage of the initiation of purinergic chemical transmission. Thus, VNUT plays an essential role in the vesicular storage and release of ATP. The VNUT knockout mice exhibit resistance for neuropathic pain and a therapeutic effect against diabetes by way of increased insulin sensitivity. Thus, VNUT inhibitors and suppression of VNUT gene expression may be used for therapeutic purposes through suppression of purinergic chemical transmission. This review summarizes the studies to date on VNUT and discusses what we have learned about the relevance of vesicular ATP release as a potential drug target.
Collapse
|
66
|
Lalo U, Pankratov Y. Exploring the Ca 2+-dependent synaptic dynamics in vibro-dissociated cells. Cell Calcium 2017; 64:91-101. [PMID: 28143648 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2017.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2016] [Revised: 01/15/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Dynamic alteration of the synaptic strength is one of the most important processes occurring in the nervous system. Combination of electrophysiology, confocal imaging and molecular biology led to significant advances in this research field. Yet, a progress in this area, in particular in studies of changes in the quantal behavior of central synapses and impact of glial cells on individual synapses, is hampered by technical difficulties of resolving small quantal synaptic currents. In this paper we will show how the technique of non-enzymatic vibro-dissociation, which enables to isolate living neurons avoiding artifacts of cell culture and preserving functional synapse, can be used to obtain a valuable information on fine details and mechanisms of synaptic plasticity. In particular, we will describe our recent results on Ca2+-dependent modulation of the postsynaptic AMPA and NMDA receptors in the individual synaptic boutons.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ulyana Lalo
- The University of Warwick, School of Life Sciences, Coventry, UK
| | - Yuriy Pankratov
- The University of Warwick, School of Life Sciences, Coventry, UK; School of Life Sciences, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, 2 Universitetskaya str., Kaliningrad, Russia.
| |
Collapse
|