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Hwang JS, Hu TH. A stepwise regression algorithm for high-dimensional variable selection. J STAT COMPUT SIM 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/00949655.2014.902460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Reilly JP, Meyer NJ, Shashaty MGS, Feng R, Lanken PN, Gallop R, Kaplan S, Herlim M, Oz NL, Hiciano I, Campbell A, Holena DN, Reilly MP, Christie JD. ABO blood type A is associated with increased risk of ARDS in whites following both major trauma and severe sepsis. Chest 2014; 145:753-761. [PMID: 24385226 PMCID: PMC3971970 DOI: 10.1378/chest.13-1962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2013] [Accepted: 11/27/2013] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND ABO glycosyltransferases catalyze antigen modifications on various glycans and glycoproteins and determine the ABO blood types. Blood type A has been associated with increased risk of vascular diseases and differential circulating levels of proteins related to inflammation and endothelial function. The objective of this study was to determine the association of ABO blood types with ARDS risk in patients with major trauma and severe sepsis. METHODS We conducted prospective cohort studies in two populations at an urban tertiary referral, level I trauma center. Critically ill patients (n 5 732) presenting after major trauma were followed for 5 days for ARDS development. Additionally, 976 medical patients with severe sepsis were followed for 5 days for ARDS. Multivariable logistic regression was used to adjust for confounders. RESULTS ARDS developed in 197 of the 732 trauma patients (27%). Blood type A was associated with increased ARDS risk among whites (37% vs 24%; adjusted OR, 1.88; 95% CI, 1.14-3.12; P 5 .014), but not blacks (adjusted OR, 0.61; 95% CI, 0.33-1.13; P=.114). ARDS developed in 222 of the 976 patients with severe sepsis (23%). Blood type A was also associated with an increased ARDS risk among whites (31% vs 21%; adjusted OR, 1.67; 95% CI, 1.08-2.59; P=.021) but, again, not among blacks (adjusted OR, 1.17; 95% CI, 0.59-2.33; P=.652). CONCLUSIONS Blood type A is associated with an increased risk of ARDS in white patients with major trauma and severe sepsis. These results suggest a role for ABO glycans and glycosyltransferases in ARDS susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- John P Reilly
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA.
| | - Nuala J Meyer
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Michael G S Shashaty
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Rui Feng
- Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Paul N Lanken
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Robert Gallop
- Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Sandra Kaplan
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Maximilian Herlim
- Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Nathaniel L Oz
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Isabel Hiciano
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Ana Campbell
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Daniel N Holena
- Division of Traumatology, Surgical Critical Care, and Emergency Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Muredach P Reilly
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; Penn Cardiovascular Institute, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Jason D Christie
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
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Pleiotropic effect of common variants at ABO Glycosyltranferase locus in 9q32 on plasma levels of pancreatic lipase and angiotensin converting enzyme. PLoS One 2014; 9:e55903. [PMID: 24586218 PMCID: PMC3938410 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0055903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2012] [Accepted: 01/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
For forty-three clinical test values presumably associated to common complex human diseases, we carried out a genome-wide association study using 600K SNPs in a general Japanese population of 1,639 individuals (1,252 after quality control procedures) drawn from a regional cohort, followed by a replication study for statistically significant SNPs (p = 1.95×10−9–8.34×10−39) using an independent population of 1,671 from another cohort. In this single two-stage study, we newly found strong and robust associations of common variants at the ABO histo-blood glycosyltransferase locus in 9q32 with the plasma levels of pancreatic lipase (P-LIP), in addition to successful confirmation of the known ABO association of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) independent of the ACE1 gene in 17q23.2 with the ACE level. Our results are compatible with the previously reported association between the ABO gene and pancreatic cancer, and show that the effect of these common variants at the ABO locus on the P-LIP and ACE levels is largely opposing and pleiotropic.
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Karabuva S, Carević V, Radić M, Fabijanić D. The association of ABO blood groups with extent of coronary atherosclerosis in Croatian patients suffering from chronic coronary artery disease. Biochem Med (Zagreb) 2013; 23:351-9. [PMID: 24266306 PMCID: PMC3900083 DOI: 10.11613/bm.2013.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: The aim of study was to: 1) examine the relationship between ABO blood groups and extent of coronary atherosclerosis in patients with chronic coronary artery disease (CAD), 2) compare ABO blood groups distribution in CAD patients and general population, 3) examine possible differences in traditional risk factors frequency in CAD patients with different ABO blood groups. Materials and methods: In the 646 chronic CAD patients (72.4% males) coronary angiograms were scored by quantitative assessment using multiple angiographic scoring system, Traditional risk factors were self reported or measured by standard methods. ABO blood distribution of patients was compared with group of 651 healthy blood donors (74.6% males). Results: Among all ABO blood group patients there was no significant difference between the extent of coronary atherosclerosis with regard to all the three scoring systems: number of affected coronary arteries (P = 0.857), Gensini score (P = 0.818), and number of segments narrowed > 50% (P = 0.781). There was no significant difference in ABO blood group distribution between CAD patients and healthy blood donors. Among CAD patients, men with blood group AB were significantly younger than their pairs with non-AB blood groups (P = 0.008). Among CAD patients with AB blood group, males < 50 yrs were significantly overrepresented when compared with the non-AB groups (P = 0.003). Conclusions: No association between ABO blood groups and the extent of coronary atherosclerosis in Croatian CAD patients is observed. Observation that AB blood group might possibly identify Croatian males at risk to develop the premature CAD has to be tested in larger cohort of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svjetlana Karabuva
- Department of Internal Medicine, Split University Hospital, Split, Croatia
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State-of-the-Art Technologies to Interrogate Genetic/Genomic Components of Drug Response. CURRENT GENETIC MEDICINE REPORTS 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s40142-013-0022-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Ji L, Cai X, Zhang L, Fei L, Wang L, Su J, Lazar L, Xu J, Zhang Y. Association between polymorphisms in the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system genes and essential hypertension in the Han Chinese population. PLoS One 2013; 8:e72701. [PMID: 24015270 PMCID: PMC3756014 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0072701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2013] [Accepted: 07/12/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) is the most important endocrine blood pressure control mechanism in our body, genes encoding components of this system have been strong candidates for the investigation of the genetic basis of hypertension. However, previous studies mainly focused on limited polymorphisms, thus we carried out a case-control study in the Han Chinese population to systemically investigate the association between polymorphisms in the RAAS genes and essential hypertension. METHODS 905 essential hypertensive cases and 905 normotensive controls were recruited based on stringent inclusion and exclusion criteria. All 41 tagSNPs within RAAS genes were retrieved from HapMap, and the genotyping was performed using the GenomeLab SNPstream Genotyping System. Logistic regression analysis, Multifactor dimensionality reduction (MDR), stratified analysis and crossover analysis were used to identify and characterize interactions among the SNPs and the non-genetic factors. RESULTS Serum levels of total cholesterol (TC) and triglyceride (TG), and body mass index (BMI) were significantly higher in the hypertensive group than in the control group. Of 41 SNPs genotyped, rs3789678 and rs2493132 within AGT, rs4305 within ACE, rs275645 within AGTR1, rs3802230 and rs10086846 within CYP11B2 were shown to associate with hypertension. The MDR analysis demonstrated that the interaction between BMI and rs4305 increased the susceptibility to hypertension. Crossover analysis and stratified analysis further indicated that BMI has a major effect, and rs4305 has a minor effect. CONCLUSION These novel findings indicated that together with non-genetic factors, these genetic variants in the RAAS may play an important role in determining an individual's susceptibility to hypertension in the Han Chinese.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindan Ji
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Xiaobo Cai
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Lina Zhang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Lijuan Fei
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Lin Wang
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Jia Su
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Ningbo No.1 Hospital, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Lissy Lazar
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Jin Xu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- * E-mail: (JX); (YZ)
| | - Yaping Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
- * E-mail: (JX); (YZ)
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Terao C, Bayoumi N, McKenzie CA, Zelenika D, Muro S, Mishima M, Connell JMC, Vickers MA, Lathrop GM, Farrall M, Matsuda F, Keavney BD. Quantitative Variation in Plasma Angiotensin-I Converting Enzyme Activity Shows Allelic Heterogeneity in theABOBlood Group Locus. Ann Hum Genet 2013; 77:465-71. [DOI: 10.1111/ahg.12034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2013] [Accepted: 05/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chikashi Terao
- The Center for Genomic Medicine; Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine; Kyoto Japan
| | - Nervana Bayoumi
- Physiology Department, College of Medicine; King Saud University; Riyadh Saudi Arabia
| | - Colin A. McKenzie
- Tropical Metabolism Research Unit; University of the West Indies; Mona Jamaica
| | - Diana Zelenika
- Commisariat à l’énergie Atomique (CEA), Institut Genomique; Centre National de Genotypage; Evry France
- Fondation Jean Dausset; Centre d'Etude du Polymorphisme Humain; Paris France
| | - Shigeo Muro
- Department of Respiratory Medicine; Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine; Kyoto Japan
| | - Michiaki Mishima
- Department of Respiratory Medicine; Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine; Kyoto Japan
| | - John M C Connell
- College of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing; University of Dundee; UK
| | | | - G. Mark Lathrop
- Commisariat à l’énergie Atomique (CEA), Institut Genomique; Centre National de Genotypage; Evry France
- Fondation Jean Dausset; Centre d'Etude du Polymorphisme Humain; Paris France
- McGill University and Genome Quebec Innovation Center; Montreal Canada
| | - Martin Farrall
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine; University of Oxford; Oxford UK
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics; University of Oxford; Oxford UK
| | - Fumihiko Matsuda
- The Center for Genomic Medicine; Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine; Kyoto Japan
| | - Bernard D. Keavney
- Institute of Genetic Medicine; Newcastle University; UK
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences; Manchester University; UK
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Mahmoudpour SH, Leusink M, van der Putten L, Terreehorst I, Asselbergs FW, de Boer A, Maitland-van der Zee AH. Pharmacogenetics of ACE inhibitor-induced angioedema and cough: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Pharmacogenomics 2013; 14:249-60. [PMID: 23394388 DOI: 10.2217/pgs.12.206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM Angioedema and cough are the two most important adverse effects of ACE inhibitors (ACEIs). Evidence exists that ACEI-related angioedema/cough is partly genetically determined and several genes have been identified to play a role in the development of ACEI-related adverse effects. MATERIALS & METHODS This study was performed in order to evaluate the evidence of these genetic associations and ACEIs' adverse effects. After removing duplicates and critical appraisal, 19 studies were considered to be eligible to review; 14 articles about cough and five articles about angioedema. A separate meta-analysis was performed for the most studied ACE insertion/deletion polymorphism (rs4646994) and its association with cough. RESULTS & CONCLUSION One gene region (XPNPEP2) was associated with ACEI-induced angioedema in three studies. In our meta-analysis we did not find a significant association between the ACE insertion/deletion polymorphism and ACEI cough.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Hamidreza Mahmoudpour
- Division of Pharmacoepidemiology & Clinical Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Martínez-Rodríguez N, Posadas-Romero C, Villarreal-Molina T, Vallejo M, Del-Valle-Mondragón L, Ramírez-Bello J, Valladares A, Cruz-López M, Vargas-Alarcón G. Single nucleotide polymorphisms of the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) gene are associated with essential hypertension and increased ACE enzyme levels in Mexican individuals. PLoS One 2013; 8:e65700. [PMID: 23741507 PMCID: PMC3669228 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0065700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2013] [Accepted: 04/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To explore the role of the ACE gene polymorphisms in the risk of essential hypertension in Mexican Mestizo individuals and evaluate the correlation between these polymorphisms and the serum ACE levels. METHODS Nine ACE gene polymorphisms were genotyped by 5' exonuclease TaqMan genotyping assays and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in 239 hypertensive and 371 non- hypertensive Mexican individuals. Haplotypes were constructed after linkage disequilibrium analysis. ACE serum levels were determined in selected individuals according to different haplotypes. RESULTS Under a dominant model, rs4291 rs4335, rs4344, rs4353, rs4362, and rs4363 polymorphisms were associated with an increased risk of hypertension after adjusting for age, gender, BMI, triglycerides, alcohol consumption, and smoking. Five polymorphisms (rs4335, rs4344, rs4353, rs4362 and rs4363) were in strong linkage disequilibrium and were included in four haplotypes: H1 (AAGCA), H2 (GGATG), H3 (AGATG), and H4 (AGACA). Haplotype H1 was associated with decreased risk of hypertension, while haplotype H2 was associated with an increased risk of hypertension (OR = 0.77, P = 0.023 and OR = 1.41, P = 0.004 respectively). According to the codominant model, the H2/H2 and H1/H2 haplotype combinations were significantly associated with risk of hypertension after adjusted by age, gender, BMI, triglycerides, alcohol consumption, and smoking (OR = 2.0; P = 0.002 and OR = 2.09; P = 0.011, respectively). Significant elevations in serum ACE concentrations were found in individuals with the H2 haplotype (H2/H2 and H2/H1) as compared to H1/H1 individuals (P = 0.0048). CONCLUSION The results suggest that single nucleotide polymorphisms and the "GGATG" haplotype of the ACE gene are associated with the development of hypertension and with increased ACE enzyme levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy Martínez-Rodríguez
- Molecular Biology Department, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez (INCICH), Mexico City, Mexico
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Zhou A, Dekker GA, Lumbers ER, Leemaqz SY, Thompson SD, Heinemann G, McCowan LME, Roberts CT. The association of maternal ACE A11860G with small for gestational age babies is modulated by the environment and by fetal sex: a multicentre prospective case-control study. Mol Hum Reprod 2013; 19:618-27. [PMID: 23615722 PMCID: PMC3749805 DOI: 10.1093/molehr/gat029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
We aimed to determine whether the ACE A11860G genotype is associated with small for gestational age babies (SGA) and to determine whether the association is affected by environmental factors and fetal sex. Overall, 3234 healthy nulliparous women with singleton pregnancies, their partners and babies were prospectively recruited in Adelaide, Australia and Auckland, New Zealand. Data analyses were confined to 2121 Caucasian parent–infant trios, among which 216 were pregnancies with SGA infants and 1185 were uncomplicated pregnancies. Women with the ACE A11860G GG genotype in the combined and Adelaide cohorts had increased risk for SGA [odds ratios (OR) 1.5, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.1–2.1 and OR 2.0, 95% CI 1.3–3.3, respectively) and delivered lighter babies (P = 0.02; P = 0.007, respectively) compared with those with AA/AG genotypes. The maternal ACE A11860G GG genotype was associated with higher maternal plasma ACE concentration at 15 weeks' gestation than AA/AG genotypes (P < 0.001). When the Adelaide cohort was stratified by maternal socio-economic index (SEI) and pre-pregnancy green leafy vegetable intake, the ACE A11860G GG genotype was only associated with an increased risk for SGA (OR 4.9, 95% CI 1.8–13.4 and OR 3.3, 95% CI 1.6–7.0, respectively) and a reduction in customized birthweight centile (P = 0.006 and P = 0.03) if superimposed on maternal SEI <34 or pre-pregnancy green leafy vegetable intake <1 serve/day. Furthermore, the associations of maternal ACE A11860G with customized birthweight centile observed among Adelaide women with SEI <34 or pre-pregnancy green leafy vegetable intake <1 serve/day were female specific. The current study identified a novel association of maternal ACE A11860G with SGA. More interestingly, this association was modified by environmental factors and fetal sex, suggesting ACE A11860G–environment–fetal sex interactions. Trial Registry Name: Screening nulliparous women to identify the combinations of clinical risk factors and/or biomarkers required to predict pre-eclampsia, SGA babies and spontaneous preterm birth. URL: http://www.anzctr.org.au. Registration number: ACTRN12607000551493.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ang Zhou
- Robinson Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
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Chung CM, Wang RY, Fann CSJ, Chen JW, Jong YS, Jou YS, Yang HC, Kang CS, Chen CC, Chang HC, Pan WH. Fine-mapping angiotensin-converting enzyme gene: separate QTLs identified for hypertension and for ACE activity. PLoS One 2013; 8:e56119. [PMID: 23469169 PMCID: PMC3587614 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0056119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2012] [Accepted: 01/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) has been implicated in multiple biological system, particularly cardiovascular diseases. However, findings associating ACE insertion/deletion polymorphism with hypertension or other related traits are inconsistent. Therefore, in a two-stage approach, we aimed to fine-map ACE in order to narrow-down the function-specific locations. We genotyped 31 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of ACE from 1168 individuals from 305 young-onset (age ≤40) hypertension pedigrees, and found four linkage disequilibrium (LD) blocks. A tag-SNP, rs1800764 on LD block 2, upstream of and near the ACE promoter, was significantly associated with young-onset hypertension (p = 0.04). Tag-SNPs on all LD blocks were significantly associated with ACE activity (p-value: 10–16 to <10–33). The two regions most associated with ACE activity were found between exon13 and intron18 and between intron 20 and 3′UTR, as revealed by measured haplotype analysis. These two major QTLs of ACE activity and the moderate effect variant upstream of ACE promoter for young-onset hypertension were replicated by another independent association study with 842 subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Min Chung
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Division of Preventive Medicine and Health Service Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Ruey-Yun Wang
- Department of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Cathy S. J. Fann
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jaw-Wen Chen
- Cardiovascular Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research and Education, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yuh-Shiun Jong
- Department of Cardiology, Tao-Yuan General Hospital Department of Health, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
| | - Yuh-Shan Jou
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Chou Yang
- Institute of Statistical Science, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Sen Kang
- Department of Cardiology, Min-Sheng Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | | | | | - Wen-Harn Pan
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Division of Preventive Medicine and Health Service Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
- * E-mail:
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Hamilton NA, Tammen I, Raadsma HW. Multi-species comparative analysis of the equine ACE gene identifies a highly conserved potential transcription factor binding site in intron 16. PLoS One 2013; 8:e55434. [PMID: 23408978 PMCID: PMC3568152 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0055434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2012] [Accepted: 12/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) is essential for control of blood pressure. The human ACE gene contains an intronic Alu indel (I/D) polymorphism that has been associated with variation in serum enzyme levels, although the functional mechanism has not been identified. The polymorphism has also been associated with cardiovascular disease, type II diabetes, renal disease and elite athleticism. We have characterized the ACE gene in horses of breeds selected for differing physical abilities. The equine gene has a similar structure to that of all known mammalian ACE genes. Nine common single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) discovered in pooled DNA were found to be inherited in nine haplotypes. Three of these SNPs were located in intron 16, homologous to that containing the Alu polymorphism in the human. A highly conserved 18 bp sequence, also within that intron, was identified as being a potential binding site for the transcription factors Oct-1, HFH-1 and HNF-3β, and lies within a larger area of higher than normal homology. This putative regulatory element may contribute to regulation of the documented inter-individual variation in human circulating enzyme levels, for which a functional mechanism is yet to be defined. Two equine SNPs occurred within the conserved area in intron 16, although neither of them disrupted the putative binding site. We propose a possible regulatory mechanism of the ACE gene in mammalian species which was previously unknown. This advance will allow further analysis leading to a better understanding of the mechanisms underpinning the associations seen between the human Alu polymorphism and enzyme levels, cardiovascular disease states and elite athleticism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha A Hamilton
- ReproGen-Animal Bioscience Group, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia.
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Sode BF, Allin KH, Dahl M, Gyntelberg F, Nordestgaard BG. Risk of venous thromboembolism and myocardial infarction associated with factor V Leiden and prothrombin mutations and blood type. CMAJ 2013; 185:E229-37. [PMID: 23382263 DOI: 10.1503/cmaj.121636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND ABO blood type locus has been reported to be an important genetic determinant of venous and arterial thrombosis in genome-wide association studies. We tested the hypothesis that ABO blood type alone and in combination with mutations in factor V Leiden R506Q and prothrombin G20210A is associated with the risk of venous thromboembolism and myocardial infarction in the general population. METHODS We used data from 2 Danish studies that followed members of the general public from 1977 through 2010. We obtained the genotype of 66 001 white participants for ABO blood type, factor V Leiden R506Q and prothrombin G20210A. We calculated hazard ratios (HRs) and population attributable risk. Our main outcome measures were venous thromboembolism and myocardial infarction. RESULTS The multivariable adjusted HR for venous thromboembolism was 1.4 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.3-1.5) for non-O blood type (v. O blood type). For the factor V Leiden R506Q mutation, the adjusted HR was 2.2 (95% CI 2.0-2.5) for heterozygous participants and 7.0 (95%CI 4.8-10) for homozygous participants (v. participants without the mutation). For prothrombin G20210A, the adjusted HR was 1.5 (95%CI 1.2-1.9) for heterozygous participants and 11 (95% CI 2.8-44) for homozygous participants (v. participants without the mutation). When we combined ABO blood type and factor V Leiden R506Q or prothrombin G20210A genotype, there was a stepwise increase in the risk of venous thromboembolism (trend, p<0.001). The population attributable risk of venous thromboembolism was 20% for ABO blood type, 10% for factor V Leiden R506Q and 1% for prothrombin G20210A. Multivariable adjusted HRs for myocardial infarction by genotypes did not differ from 1.0. INTERPRETATION ABO blood type had an additive effect on the risk of venous thromboembolism when combined with factor V Leiden R506Q and prothrombin G20210A mutations; blood type was the most important risk factor for venous thromboembolism in the general population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birgitte F Sode
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Herlev Hospital, and the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Chiu YF, Lee CY, Kao HY, Pan WH, Hsu FC. Analysis of family- and population-based samples using multiple linkage disequilibrium mapping. Ann Hum Genet 2013; 77:251-67. [PMID: 23330688 DOI: 10.1111/ahg.12008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2012] [Accepted: 11/05/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
We report two methods for linkage disequilibrium mapping that involve incorporation of covariates through parametric modeling to utilize combined case-parent trios and unrelated case and/or control data. The proposed two combined methods were used to map the disease locus of hypertension in the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) gene with incorporation of ACE activity. The efficiencies in estimating the disease locus increased by 351- and 100-fold in the hybrid study with respect to the two proposed methods when compared to the estimates from the trios study; and they changed by 1.4- and 0.4-fold, respectively, when compared to the case-control study. Efficiency of disease locus estimates was greatly improved in both simulations and hypertension studies based on the hybrid data, compared to case-parent trio studies only. These newly developed methods preserve the advantages of the previous methods, including flexible modeling and assessment of gene-gene and gene-covariate effects, while providing more power by using all the data combined. The computing program for analysis using the separate and hybrid data sets is freely available on the author's website.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen-Feng Chiu
- Division of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Institute of Population Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Taiwan, ROC.
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65
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ABO Blood Groups and Cardiovascular Diseases. Int J Vasc Med 2012; 2012:641917. [PMID: 23133757 PMCID: PMC3485501 DOI: 10.1155/2012/641917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2012] [Revised: 08/25/2012] [Accepted: 09/01/2012] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
ABO blood groups have been associated with various disease phenotypes, particularly cardiovascular diseases. Cardiovascular diseases are the most common causes of death in developed countries and their prevalence rate is rapidly growing in developing countries. There have been substantial historical associations between non-O blood group status and an increase in some cardiovascular disorders. Recent GWASs have identified ABO as a locus for thrombosis, myocardial infarction, and multiple cardiovascular risk biomarkers, refocusing attention on mechanisms and potential for clinical advances. As we highlight in this paper, more recent work is beginning to probe the molecular basis of the disease associations observed in these observational studies. Advances in our understanding of the physiologic importance of various endothelial and platelet-derived circulating glycoproteins are elucidating the mechanisms through which the ABO blood group may determine overall cardiovascular disease risk. The role of blood group antigens in the pathogenesis of various cardiovascular disorders remains a fascinating subject with potential to lead to novel therapeutics and prognostics and to reduce the global burden of cardiovascular diseases.
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Krumsiek J, Suhre K, Evans AM, Mitchell MW, Mohney RP, Milburn MV, Wägele B, Römisch-Margl W, Illig T, Adamski J, Gieger C, Theis FJ, Kastenmüller G. Mining the unknown: a systems approach to metabolite identification combining genetic and metabolic information. PLoS Genet 2012; 8:e1003005. [PMID: 23093944 PMCID: PMC3475673 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1003005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2012] [Accepted: 08/16/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent genome-wide association studies (GWAS) with metabolomics data linked genetic variation in the human genome to differences in individual metabolite levels. A strong relevance of this metabolic individuality for biomedical and pharmaceutical research has been reported. However, a considerable amount of the molecules currently quantified by modern metabolomics techniques are chemically unidentified. The identification of these “unknown metabolites” is still a demanding and intricate task, limiting their usability as functional markers of metabolic processes. As a consequence, previous GWAS largely ignored unknown metabolites as metabolic traits for the analysis. Here we present a systems-level approach that combines genome-wide association analysis and Gaussian graphical modeling with metabolomics to predict the identity of the unknown metabolites. We apply our method to original data of 517 metabolic traits, of which 225 are unknowns, and genotyping information on 655,658 genetic variants, measured in 1,768 human blood samples. We report previously undescribed genotype–metabotype associations for six distinct gene loci (SLC22A2, COMT, CYP3A5, CYP2C18, GBA3, UGT3A1) and one locus not related to any known gene (rs12413935). Overlaying the inferred genetic associations, metabolic networks, and knowledge-based pathway information, we derive testable hypotheses on the biochemical identities of 106 unknown metabolites. As a proof of principle, we experimentally confirm nine concrete predictions. We demonstrate the benefit of our method for the functional interpretation of previous metabolomics biomarker studies on liver detoxification, hypertension, and insulin resistance. Our approach is generic in nature and can be directly transferred to metabolomics data from different experimental platforms. Genome-wide association studies on metabolomics data have demonstrated that genetic variation in metabolic enzymes and transporters leads to concentration changes in the respective metabolite levels. The conventional goal of these studies is the detection of novel interactions between the genome and the metabolic system, providing valuable insights for both basic research as well as clinical applications. In this study, we borrow the metabolomics GWAS concept for a novel, entirely different purpose. Metabolite measurements frequently produce signals where a certain substance can be reliably detected in the sample, but it has not yet been elucidated which specific metabolite this signal actually represents. The concept is comparable to a fingerprint: each one is uniquely identifiable, but as long as it is not registered in a database one cannot tell to whom this fingerprint belongs. Obviously, this issue tremendously reduces the usability of a metabolomics analyses. The genetic associations of such an “unknown,” however, give us concrete evidence of the metabolic pathway this substance is most probably involved in. Moreover, we complement the approach with a specific measure of correlation between metabolites, providing further evidence of the metabolic processes of the unknown. For a number of cases, this even allows for a concrete identity prediction, which we then experimentally validate in the lab.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Krumsiek
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Karsten Suhre
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medical College in Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Anne M. Evans
- Metabolon, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, United States of America
| | | | - Robert P. Mohney
- Metabolon, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Michael V. Milburn
- Metabolon, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Brigitte Wägele
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- Department of Genome-Oriented Bioinformatics, Life and Food Science Center Weihenstephan, Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany
| | - Werner Römisch-Margl
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Illig
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- Biobank of the Hanover Medical School, Hanover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
| | - Jerzy Adamski
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Genome Analysis Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- Lehrstuhl für Experimentelle Genetik, Technische Universität München, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
| | - Christian Gieger
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Fabian J. Theis
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- Department of Mathematics, Technische Universität München, Garching, Germany
| | - Gabi Kastenmüller
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- * E-mail:
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El-Ferzli GT, Dreher M, Patel RP, Ambalavanan N. ABO blood group is associated with response to inhaled nitric oxide in neonates with respiratory failure. PLoS One 2012; 7:e45164. [PMID: 22984626 PMCID: PMC3440342 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0045164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2012] [Accepted: 08/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Inhaled nitric oxide (iNO) reduces death or need for extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) in infants with persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn (PPHN). However, the response to iNO is variable and only 50–60% of infants demonstrate a response to iNO. It is not known why only some infants respond to iNO. Adults and children with blood groups B or AB do not respond as well to iNO as those with blood groups O/A. Methods/Principal Findings To determine if blood group was associated with iNO response in newborn infants, a retrospective medical record review was done of infants admitted to a regional NICU from 2002-9 with a diagnosis of PPHN. Data were collected during the first twelve hours post-initiation of treatment. Of 86 infants diagnosed with PPHN, 23 infants had blood group A [18 received iNO], 21 had group B [18 with iNO], 40 had group O [36 with iNO], and 2 had group AB [both received iNO]. Change in PaO2/FiO2 was less in infants with blood group A, of whom less than half were responders (ΔPaO2/FiO2>20%) at 12 h versus 90% of infants with either O or B. Race, sex, birth weight, gestational age, Apgar scores at 1 and 5 minutes, and baseline PaO2/FiO2 were similar among groups. Outcomes including need for ECMO, death, length of ventilatory support, length of iNO use, and hospital stay were statistically not different by blood groups. Conclusions/Significance Our results indicate that blood group influences iNO response in neonates. We hypothesize that either there is genetic linkage of the ABO gene locus with vasoregulatory genes, or that blood group antigens directly affect vascular reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- George T. El-Ferzli
- Departments of Pediatrics, Centers for Free Radical Biology and Pulmonary Injury Repair Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Mackenzie Dreher
- Departments of Pediatrics, Centers for Free Radical Biology and Pulmonary Injury Repair Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Rakesh P. Patel
- Departments of Pathology, Centers for Free Radical Biology and Pulmonary Injury Repair Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Namasivayam Ambalavanan
- Departments of Pediatrics, Centers for Free Radical Biology and Pulmonary Injury Repair Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Madian AG, Wheeler HE, Jones RB, Dolan ME. Relating human genetic variation to variation in drug responses. Trends Genet 2012; 28:487-95. [PMID: 22840197 DOI: 10.1016/j.tig.2012.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2012] [Revised: 06/13/2012] [Accepted: 06/22/2012] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Although sequencing a single human genome was a monumental effort a decade ago, more than 1000 genomes have now been sequenced. The task ahead lies in transforming this information into personalized treatment strategies that are tailored to the unique genetics of each individual. One important aspect of personalized medicine is patient-to-patient variation in drug response. Pharmacogenomics addresses this issue by seeking to identify genetic contributors to human variation in drug efficacy and toxicity. Here, we present a summary of the current status of this field, which has evolved from studies of single candidate genes to comprehensive genome-wide analyses. Additionally, we discuss the major challenges in translating this knowledge into a systems-level understanding of drug physiology, with the ultimate goal of developing more effective personalized clinical treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashraf G Madian
- Committee on Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenomics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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69
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Zoldoš V, Novokmet M, Bečeheli I, Lauc G. Genomics and epigenomics of the human glycome. Glycoconj J 2012; 30:41-50. [PMID: 22648057 DOI: 10.1007/s10719-012-9397-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2012] [Revised: 05/11/2012] [Accepted: 05/14/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The majority of all proteins are glycosylated and glycans have numerous important structural, functional and regulatory roles in various physiological processes. While structure of the polypeptide part of a glycoprotein is defined by the sequence of nucleotides in the corresponding gene, structure of a glycan part results from dynamic interactions between hundreds of genes, their protein products and environmental factors. The composition of the glycome attached to an individual protein, or to a complex mixture of proteins, like human plasma, is stable within an individual, but very variable between individuals. This variability stems from numerous common genetic polymorphisms reflecting in changes in the complex biosynthetic pathway of glycans, but also from the interaction with the environment. Environment can affect glycan biosynthesis at the level of substrate availability, regulation of enzyme activity and/or hormonal signals, but also through gene-environment interactions. Epigenetics provides a molecular basis how the environment can modify phenotype of an individual. The epigenetic information (DNA methylation pattern and histone code) is especially vulnerable to environmental effects in the early intrauterine and neo-natal development and many common late-onset diseases take root already at that time. The evidences showing the link between epigenetics and glycosylation are accumulating. Recent progress in high-throughput glycomics, genomics and epigenomics enabled first epidemiological and genome-wide association studies of the glycome, which are presented in this mini-review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vlatka Zoldoš
- University of Zagreb, Faculty of Science, Horvatovac 102a, Zagreb, Croatia.
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Usacheva MA, Nasedkina TV, Ikonnikova AY, Kulikov AV, Chudinov AV, Lysov YP, Bondarenko EV, Slominskii PA, Shamalov NA, Shetova IM, Limborskaya SA, Zasedatelev AS, Skvortsova VI. Association of polymophisms of renin-angiotensin and hemostasis system genes with ischemic stroke in Russians from central Russia. Mol Biol 2012. [DOI: 10.1134/s0026893312010232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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71
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Ned RM, Yesupriya A, Imperatore G, Smelser DT, Moonesinghe R, Chang MH, Dowling NF. The ACE I/D polymorphism in US adults: limited evidence of association with hypertension-related traits and sex-specific effects by race/ethnicity. Am J Hypertens 2012; 25:209-15. [PMID: 21993364 DOI: 10.1038/ajh.2011.182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The insertion/deletion (I/D) variant (rs4646994) of the angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) gene is one of the most studied polymorphisms in relation to blood pressure and essential hypertension in humans. The evidence to date, however, on an association of this variant with blood pressure-related outcomes has been inconclusive. METHODS We examined 5,561 participants of the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III), a population-based and nationally representative survey of the United States, who were ≥20 years of age and who self-identified as non-Hispanic white, non-Hispanic black, or Mexican American. Within each race/ethnicity, we assessed genetic associations of the I/D variant with systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and hypertension, as well as genotype-sex interactions, in four genetic models (additive, dominant, recessive, and codominant). RESULTS The frequency of the I/D variant differed significantly by race/ethnicity (P = 0.001). Among non-Hispanic blacks, the D allele was significantly associated (P < 0.05) with increased SBP in additive and dominant covariate-adjusted models and was also associated with increased DBP in dominant models when participants taking ACE inhibitors were excluded from the analyses. No other significant associations were observed in any race/ethnic group. Significant genotype-sex interactions were detected among Mexican Americans, for whom positive associations with SBP and hypertension were seen among females, but not males. CONCLUSIONS This study gives limited support for association of the ACE I/D variant with blood pressure and for sex-specific effects among particular race/ethnic groups, though we cannot rule out the role of genetic or environmental interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renée M Ned
- Office of Public Health Genomics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
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72
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A common variant of the ABO gene protects against hypertension in a Spanish population. Hypertens Res 2012; 35:592-6. [DOI: 10.1038/hr.2011.218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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73
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Zhang Y, He J, Deng Y, Zhang J, Li X, Xiang Z, Huang H, Tian C, Huang J, Fan H. The insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism in the Angiotensin-converting enzyme gene and cancer risk: a meta-analysis. BMC MEDICAL GENETICS 2011; 12:159. [PMID: 22151803 PMCID: PMC3254074 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2350-12-159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2011] [Accepted: 12/12/2011] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Background The insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism in the Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) gene has been implicated in susceptibility to cancer, but a large number of studies have reported inconclusive results. The aim of this study is to assess the association between the I/D polymorphism in the ACE gene and cancer risk by meta-analysis. Methods A search was performed in Pubmed database, Embase database, Chinese Biomedical (CBM) database, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) database and Weipu database, covering all studies until August 31, 2010. Statistical analysis was performed by using Revman4.2 and STATA 10.0. Results A total of 25 case-control studies comprising 3914 cancer patients and 11391 controls were identified. No significant association was found between the I/D polymorphism and over all cancer risks (OR = 0.88, 95%CI = 0.73-1.06, P = 0.17 for DD+DI vs. II). In the subgroup analysis by ethnicity, no significant association was found among Asians and Europeans for the comparison of DD+DI vs. II. In the subgroup analysis by cancer types, no significant associations were found among lung cancer, breast cancer, prostate cancer, colorectal cancer, gastric cancer for the comparison of DD+DI vs. II. Results from other comparative genetic models also indicated the lack of associations between this polymorphism and cancer risks. Conclusions This meta-analysis suggested that the ACE D/I polymorphism might not contribute to the risk of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonggang Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
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Pharmacogenetic predictors of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor-induced cough: the role of ACE, ABO, and BDKRB2 genes. Pharmacogenet Genomics 2011; 21:531-8. [PMID: 21832968 DOI: 10.1097/fpc.0b013e328348c6db] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Dry cough is the most common reason for stopping angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEi) therapy. The role of ACE in the metabolism of bradykinin has been proposed as a pathogenic mechanism. This study included a complete analysis of the variability of the genes involved in bradykinin metabolism (ACE and XPNPEP2) and bradykinin receptors (BDKRB2). We included two polymorphisms in the ABO (related to ACE levels); two polymorphisms in the AGTR1, and one polymorphism in the BKRB1 (related to ACEi response). METHODS A total of 281 patients who had been treated with ACEi were retrospectively recruited [102 patients were considered as cases (cough) and 179 patients were considered as controls (no cough)], and 56 polymorphisms were tested for association. RESULTS We found that genetic polymorphisms in BDKRB2 [rs8016905; P=0.003; odds ratio (OR)=2.21] and ABO (rs495828; P=0.001; OR=2.45) are associated with ACEi-induced cough after correction for multiple testing. The effect of polymorphisms in ABO was sex specific (female patients; P=0.0006; OR=3.26). When we analyzed the subgroup of patients homozygous GG for rs4343, two polymorphisms in the ACE were found to have protective properties (rs4459610 and rs4267385; P=0.005 and 0.004; OR=0.25). We also found a strong interaction between the ABO polymorphisms, rs495828 and rs8176746 (P<0.0001; OR=3.7). CONCLUSION These results highlight the importance of genetic determinants of ACE levels as good predictors of the ACEi response, and provide ABO as a good candidate gene for pharmacogenetic studies of ACEi-related cough. Moreover, our results also confirm the importance of bradykinin in the pathogenesis of this adverse effect.
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Stepwise Paring down Variation for Identifying Influential Multi-factor Interactions Related to a Continuous Response Variable. STATISTICS IN BIOSCIENCES 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s12561-011-9045-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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76
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Yamamoto F, Cid E, Yamamoto M, Blancher A. ABO research in the modern era of genomics. Transfus Med Rev 2011; 26:103-18. [PMID: 21945157 DOI: 10.1016/j.tmrv.2011.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Research on ABO has advanced significantly in recent years. A database was established to manage the sequence information of an increasing number of novel alleles. Genome sequencings have identified ABO orthologues and paralogues in various organisms and enhanced the knowledge on the evolution of the ABO and related genes. The most prominent advancements include clarification of the association between ABO and different disease processes. For instance, ABO status affects the infectivity of certain strains of Helicobacter pylori and Noroviruses as well as the sequestration and rosetting of red blood cells infected with Plasmodium falciparum. Genome-wide association studies have conclusively linked the ABO locus to pancreatic cancer, venous thromboembolism, and myocardial infarction in the presence of coronary atherosclerosis. These findings suggest ABO's important role in determining an individual's susceptibility to such diseases. Furthermore, our understanding of the structures of A and B transferases and their enzymology has been dramatically improved. ABO has also become a research subject in neurobiology and the preparation of artificial/universal blood and became a topic in the pseudoscience of "blood type diets." With such new progress, it has become evident that ABO is a critical player in the modern era of genomic medicine. This article provides the most up-to-date information regarding ABO genomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumiichiro Yamamoto
- Institut de Medicina Predictiva i Personalitzada delCàncer (IMPPC), Badalona, Spain.
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77
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Large-scale genome-wide association studies in east Asians identify new genetic loci influencing metabolic traits. Nat Genet 2011; 43:990-5. [DOI: 10.1038/ng.939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 226] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2010] [Accepted: 08/18/2011] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Kraja AT, Hunt SC, Rao DC, Dávila-Román VG, Arnett DK, Province MA. Genetics of hypertension and cardiovascular disease and their interconnected pathways: lessons from large studies. Curr Hypertens Rep 2011; 13:46-54. [PMID: 21128019 DOI: 10.1007/s11906-010-0174-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Blood pressure (BP), hypertension (HT) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) are common complex phenotypes, which are affected by multiple genetic and environmental factors. This article describes recent genome-wide association studies (GWAS) that have reported causative variants for BP/HT and CVD/heart traits and analyzes the overlapping associated gene polymorphisms. It also examines potential replication of findings from the HyperGEN data on African Americans and whites. Several genes involved in BP/HT regulation also appear to be involved in CVD. A better picture is emerging, with overlapping hot-spot regions and with interconnected pathways between BP/HT and CVD. A systemic approach to full understanding of BP/HT and CVD development and their progression to disease may lead to the identification of gene targets and pathways for the development of novel therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aldi T Kraja
- Division of Statistical Genomics, Washington University School of Medicine, 4444 Forest Park Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63108, USA.
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Johnson AD, Newton-Cheh C, Chasman DI, Ehret GB, Johnson T, Rose L, Rice K, Verwoert GC, Launer LJ, Gudnason V, Larson MG, Chakravarti A, Psaty BM, Caulfield M, van Duijn CM, Ridker PM, Munroe PB, Levy D. Association of hypertension drug target genes with blood pressure and hypertension in 86,588 individuals. Hypertension 2011; 57:903-10. [PMID: 21444836 PMCID: PMC3099407 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.110.158667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2010] [Accepted: 02/22/2011] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
We previously conducted genome-wide association meta-analysis of systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, and hypertension in 29,136 people from 6 cohort studies in the Cohorts for Heart and Aging Research in Genomic Epidemiology Consortium. Here we examine associations of these traits with 30 gene regions encoding known antihypertensive drug targets. We find nominal evidence of association of ADRB1, ADRB2, AGT, CACNA1A, CACNA1C, and SLC12A3 polymorphisms with 1 or more BP traits in the Cohorts for Heart and Aging Research in Genomic Epidemiology genome-wide association meta-analysis. We attempted replication of the top meta-analysis single nucleotide polymorphisms for these genes in the Global BPgen Consortium (n=34,433) and the Women's Genome Health Study (n=23,019) and found significant results for rs1801253 in ADRB1 (Arg389Gly), with the Gly allele associated with a lower mean systolic blood pressure (β: 0.57 mm Hg; SE: 0.09 mm Hg; meta-analysis: P=4.7×10(-10)), diastolic blood pressure (β: 0.36 mm Hg; SE: 0.06 mm Hg; meta-analysis: P=9.5×10(-10)), and prevalence of hypertension (β: 0.06 mm Hg; SE: 0.02 mm Hg; meta-analysis: P=3.3×10(-4)). Variation in AGT (rs2004776) was associated with systolic blood pressure (β: 0.42 mm Hg; SE: 0.09 mm Hg; meta-analysis: P=3.8×10(-6)), as well as diastolic blood pressure (P=5.0×10(-8)) and hypertension (P=3.7×10(-7)). A polymorphism in ACE (rs4305) showed modest replication of association with increased hypertension (β: 0.06 mm Hg; SE: 0.01 mm Hg; meta-analysis: P=3.0×10(-5)). Two loci, ADRB1 and AGT, contain single nucleotide polymorphisms that reached a genome-wide significance threshold in meta-analysis for the first time. Our findings suggest that these genes warrant further studies of their genetic effects on blood pressure, including pharmacogenetic interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew D Johnson
- Framingham Heart Study, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Framingham, MA 01702, USA
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Reilly MP, Li M, He J, Ferguson JF, Stylianou IM, Mehta NN, Burnett MS, Devaney JM, Knouff CW, Thompson JR, Horne BD, Stewart AFR, Assimes TL, Wild PS, Allayee H, Nitschke PL, Patel RS, Martinelli N, Girelli D, Quyyumi AA, Anderson JL, Erdmann J, Hall AS, Schunkert H, Quertermous T, Blankenberg S, Hazen SL, Roberts R, Kathiresan S, Samani NJ, Epstein SE, Rader DJ. Identification of ADAMTS7 as a novel locus for coronary atherosclerosis and association of ABO with myocardial infarction in the presence of coronary atherosclerosis: two genome-wide association studies. Lancet 2011; 377:383-92. [PMID: 21239051 PMCID: PMC3297116 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(10)61996-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 374] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We tested whether genetic factors distinctly contribute to either development of coronary atherosclerosis or, specifically, to myocardial infarction in existing coronary atherosclerosis. METHODS We did two genome-wide association studies (GWAS) with coronary angiographic phenotyping in participants of European ancestry. To identify loci that predispose to angiographic coronary artery disease (CAD), we compared individuals who had this disorder (n=12,393) with those who did not (controls, n=7383). To identify loci that predispose to myocardial infarction, we compared patients who had angiographic CAD and myocardial infarction (n=5783) with those who had angiographic CAD but no myocardial infarction (n=3644). FINDINGS In the comparison of patients with angiographic CAD versus controls, we identified a novel locus, ADAMTS7 (p=4·98×10(-13)). In the comparison of patients with angiographic CAD who had myocardial infarction versus those with angiographic CAD but no myocardial infarction, we identified a novel association at the ABO locus (p=7·62×10(-9)). The ABO association was attributable to the glycotransferase-deficient enzyme that encodes the ABO blood group O phenotype previously proposed to protect against myocardial infarction. INTERPRETATION Our findings indicate that specific genetic predispositions promote the development of coronary atherosclerosis whereas others lead to myocardial infarction in the presence of coronary atherosclerosis. The relation to specific CAD phenotypes might modify how novel loci are applied in personalised risk assessment and used in the development of novel therapies for CAD. FUNDING The PennCath and MedStar studies were supported by the Cardiovascular Institute of the University of Pennsylvania, by the MedStar Health Research Institute at Washington Hospital Center and by a research grant from GlaxoSmithKline. The funding and support for the other cohorts contributing to the paper are described in the webappendix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muredach P Reilly
- Cardiovascular Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6160, USA.
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81
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Belbin O, Brown K, Shi H, Medway C, Abrahams R, Passmore P, Mann D, Smith AD, Holmes C, McGuiness B, Craig D, Warden D, Heun R, Kölsch H, Love S, Kalsheker N, Williams J, Owen MJ, Carrasquillo M, Younkin S, Morgan K, Kehoe PG. A multi-center study of ACE and the risk of late-onset Alzheimer's disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2011; 24:587-97. [PMID: 21297258 PMCID: PMC3655234 DOI: 10.3233/jad-2011-101914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
A key pathological feature of late-onset Alzheimer's disease (LOAD) is the abnormal extracellular accumulation of the amyloid-β (Aβ) peptide. Thus, altered Aβ degradation could be a major contributor to the development of LOAD. Variants in the gene encoding the Aβ-degrading enzyme, angiotensin-1 converting enzyme (ACE) therefore represent plausible candidates for association with LOAD pathology and risk. Following Alzgene meta-analyses of all published case-control studies, the ACE variants rs4291 and rs1800764 showed significant association with LOAD risk. Furthermore ACE haplotypes are associated with both plasma ACE levels and LOAD risk. We tested three ACE variants (rs4291, rs4343, and rs1800764) for association with LOAD in ten Caucasian case-control populations (n = 8,212). No association was found using multiple logistic models (all p > 0.09). We found no population heterogeneity (all p > 0.38) or evidence for association with LOAD risk following meta-analysis of the ten populations for rs4343 (OR = 1.00), rs4291 (OR = 0.97), or rs1800764 (OR = 0.99). Although we found no haplotypic association in our complete dataset (p = 0.51), a significant global haplotypic p-value was observed in one population (p = 0.007) due to an association of the H3 haplotype (OR = 0.72, p = 0.02) and a trend towards an association of H4 (OR = 1.38, p = 0.09) and H7 (OR = 2.07, p = 0.08) although these did not survive Bonferroni correction. Previously reported associations of ACE variants with LOAD will be diminished following this study. At best, ACE variants have modest effect sizes, which are likely part of a complex interaction between genetic, phenotypic and pharmacological effects that would be undetected in traditional case-control studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia Belbin
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Institute of Genetics, Queen’s Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, UK
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Kristelle Brown
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Institute of Genetics, Queen’s Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, UK
| | - Hui Shi
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Institute of Genetics, Queen’s Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, UK
| | - Christopher Medway
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Institute of Genetics, Queen’s Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, UK
| | - Richard Abrahams
- Medical Research Council Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Department of Psychological Medicine and Neurology, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Peter Passmore
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, The Queen’s University of Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - David Mann
- Greater Manchester Neurosciences Centre, University of Manchester, UK
| | - A. David Smith
- Memory Assessment and Research Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Clive Holmes
- OPTIMA, University Department of Pharmacology, Oxford, UK
| | - B. McGuiness
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, The Queen’s University of Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - David Craig
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, The Queen’s University of Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Donald Warden
- OPTIMA, University Department of Pharmacology, Oxford, UK
| | - Reinhard Heun
- Department of Old Age Psychiatry, Queen Elizabeth Psychiatric Hospital, Birmingham, UK
| | | | - Seth Love
- Institute of Clinical Neurosciences, School of Clinical Science, University of Bristol, Frenchay Hospital, UK
| | - Noor Kalsheker
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Institute of Genetics, Queen’s Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, UK
| | - Julie Williams
- Medical Research Council Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Department of Psychological Medicine and Neurology, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Michael J Owen
- Medical Research Council Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Department of Psychological Medicine and Neurology, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | | | - Steven Younkin
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Kevin Morgan
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Institute of Genetics, Queen’s Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, UK
| | - Patrick G Kehoe
- Institute of Clinical Neurosciences, School of Clinical Science, University of Bristol, Frenchay Hospital, UK
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