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Wood S, McCluskey L, Ellwood-Thompson R, Files C, Medway C, White R, Roberts H, Morgan S. 364P Implementation of a comprehensive streamlined next generation sequencing (NGS) test for glioma including detection of the 1p/19q codeletion. Ann Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2021.08.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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Ellis N, Tee A, McAllister B, Massey T, McLauchlan D, Stone T, Correia K, Loupe J, Kim KH, Barker D, Hong EP, Chao MJ, Long JD, Lucente D, Vonsattel JPG, Pinto RM, Elneel KA, Ramos EM, Mysore JS, Gillis T, Wheeler VC, Medway C, Hall L, Kwak S, Sampaio C, Ciosi M, Maxwell A, Chatzi A, Monckton DG, Orth M, Landwehrmeyer GB, Paulsen JS, Shoulson I, Myers RH, van Duijn E, Rickards H, MacDonald ME, Lee JM, Gusella JF, Jones L, Holmans P. Genetic Risk Underlying Psychiatric and Cognitive Symptoms in Huntington's Disease. Biol Psychiatry 2020; 87:857-865. [PMID: 32087949 PMCID: PMC7156911 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2019.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Revised: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Huntington's disease (HD) is an inherited neurodegenerative disorder caused by an expanded CAG repeat in the HTT gene. It is diagnosed following a standardized examination of motor control and often presents with cognitive decline and psychiatric symptoms. Recent studies have detected genetic loci modifying the age at onset of motor symptoms in HD, but genetic factors influencing cognitive and psychiatric presentations are unknown. METHODS We tested the hypothesis that psychiatric and cognitive symptoms in HD are influenced by the same common genetic variation as in the general population by 1) constructing polygenic risk scores from large genome-wide association studies of psychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders and of intelligence and 2) testing for correlation with the presence of psychiatric and cognitive symptoms in a large sample (n = 5160) of patients with HD. RESULTS Polygenic risk score for major depression was associated specifically with increased risk of depression in HD, as was schizophrenia risk score with psychosis and irritability. Cognitive impairment and apathy were associated with reduced polygenic risk score for intelligence. CONCLUSIONS Polygenic risk scores for psychiatric disorders, particularly depression and schizophrenia, are associated with increased risk of the corresponding psychiatric symptoms in HD, suggesting a common genetic liability. However, the genetic liability to cognitive impairment and apathy appears to be distinct from other psychiatric symptoms in HD. No associations were observed between HD symptoms and risk scores for other neurodegenerative disorders. These data provide a rationale for treatments effective in depression and schizophrenia to be used to treat depression and psychotic symptoms in HD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Ellis
- Cardiff University School of Medicine, UHW Main Building, Heath Park, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Amelia Tee
- Cardiff University School of Medicine, UHW Main Building, Heath Park, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Branduff McAllister
- Medical Research Council Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurology, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas Massey
- Medical Research Council Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurology, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Duncan McLauchlan
- Medical Research Council Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurology, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom,Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Timothy Stone
- Department of Targeted Intervention, Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, Faculty of Medical Science, University College of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kevin Correia
- Molecular Neurogenetics Unit, Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jacob Loupe
- HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, Alabama
| | - Kyung-Hee Kim
- Molecular Neurogenetics Unit, Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts,Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Douglas Barker
- Molecular Neurogenetics Unit, Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Eun Pyo Hong
- Molecular Neurogenetics Unit, Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts,Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Michael J. Chao
- Molecular Neurogenetics Unit, Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts,Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jeffrey D. Long
- Department of Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa,Department of Psychiatry, Roy and Lucille Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Diane Lucente
- Molecular Neurogenetics Unit, Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts,Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jean Paul G. Vonsattel
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology and the Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer’s Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Ricardo Mouro Pinto
- Molecular Neurogenetics Unit, Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts,Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Kawther Abu Elneel
- Molecular Neurogenetics Unit, Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Eliana Marisa Ramos
- Molecular Neurogenetics Unit, Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jayalakshmi Srinidhi Mysore
- Molecular Neurogenetics Unit, Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Tammy Gillis
- Molecular Neurogenetics Unit, Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Vanessa C. Wheeler
- Molecular Neurogenetics Unit, Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts,Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Christopher Medway
- All Wales Medical Genetics Service, Institute of Medical Genetics, University Hospital Wales, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Lynsey Hall
- Medical Research Council Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurology, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Marc Ciosi
- Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow
| | - Alastair Maxwell
- Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow
| | - Afroditi Chatzi
- Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow
| | - Darren G. Monckton
- Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow
| | - Michael Orth
- Department of Neurology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Jane S. Paulsen
- Department of Psychiatry, Roy and Lucille Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa,Department of Neurology, Roy and Lucille Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Ira Shoulson
- Department of Neurology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York
| | - Richard H. Myers
- Department of Neurology and Genome Science Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Erik van Duijn
- Department of Psychiatry, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, Netherlands,Mental Health Care Centre Delfland, Delft, Netherlands
| | - Hugh Rickards
- National Centre for Mental Health, Birmingham and Solihull Mental Health NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom,College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Marcy E. MacDonald
- Molecular Neurogenetics Unit, Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts,Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts,Medical and Population Genetics Program, the Broad Institute of M.I.T. and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Jong-min Lee
- Molecular Neurogenetics Unit, Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts,Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - James F. Gusella
- Molecular Neurogenetics Unit, Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts,Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts,Medical and Population Genetics Program, the Broad Institute of M.I.T. and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts,Department of Pathology and Cell Biology and the Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer’s Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Lesley Jones
- Medical Research Council Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurology, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Holmans
- Medical Research Council Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurology, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom.
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Chakrabarty P, Li A, Ladd TB, Strickland MR, Koller EJ, Burgess JD, Funk CC, Cruz PE, Allen M, Yaroshenko M, Wang X, Younkin C, Reddy J, Lohrer B, Mehrke L, Moore BD, Liu X, Ceballos-Diaz C, Rosario AM, Medway C, Janus C, Li HD, Dickson DW, Giasson BI, Price ND, Younkin SG, Ertekin-Taner N, Golde TE. TLR5 decoy receptor as a novel anti-amyloid therapeutic for Alzheimer's disease. J Exp Med 2019; 215:2247-2264. [PMID: 30158114 PMCID: PMC6122970 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20180484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Revised: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Chakrabarty et al. show that human TLR5 ectodomain reduces amyloid β (Aβ) plaques by direct interaction with Aβ, demonstrating the feasibility of such immune decoy receptor strategies as potential biotherapies in Alzheimer’s disease. There is considerable interest in harnessing innate immunity to treat Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Here, we explore whether a decoy receptor strategy using the ectodomain of select TLRs has therapeutic potential in AD. AAV-mediated expression of human TLR5 ectodomain (sTLR5) alone or fused to human IgG4 Fc (sTLR5Fc) results in robust attenuation of amyloid β (Aβ) accumulation in a mouse model of Alzheimer-type Aβ pathology. sTLR5Fc binds to oligomeric and fibrillar Aβ with high affinity, forms complexes with Aβ, and blocks Aβ toxicity. Oligomeric and fibrillar Aβ modulates flagellin-mediated activation of human TLR5 but does not, by itself, activate TLR5 signaling. Genetic analysis shows that rare protein coding variants in human TLR5 may be associated with a reduced risk of AD. Further, transcriptome analysis shows altered TLR gene expression in human AD. Collectively, our data suggest that TLR5 decoy receptor–based biologics represent a novel and safe Aβ-selective class of biotherapy in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paramita Chakrabarty
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL .,McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Andrew Li
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Thomas B Ladd
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Michael R Strickland
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Emily J Koller
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | | | | | - Pedro E Cruz
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Mariet Allen
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL
| | - Mariya Yaroshenko
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Xue Wang
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL
| | - Curtis Younkin
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL
| | - Joseph Reddy
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL
| | | | - Leonie Mehrke
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL
| | - Brenda D Moore
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Xuefei Liu
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Carolina Ceballos-Diaz
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Awilda M Rosario
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | | | - Christopher Janus
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | | | | | - Benoit I Giasson
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL.,McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | | | | | - Nilüfer Ertekin-Taner
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL.,Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL
| | - Todd E Golde
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL .,McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
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Lee JM, Correia K, Loupe J, Kim KH, Barker D, Hong EP, Chao MJ, Long JD, Lucente D, Vonsattel JPG, Pinto RM, Abu Elneel K, Ramos EM, Mysore JS, Gillis T, Wheeler VC, MacDonald ME, Gusella JF, McAllister B, Massey T, Medway C, Stone TC, Hall L, Jones L, Holmans P, Kwak S, Ehrhardt AG, Sampaio C, Ciosi M, Maxwell A, Chatzi A, Monckton DG, Orth M, Landwehrmeyer GB, Paulsen JS, Dorsey ER, Shoulson I, Myers RH. CAG Repeat Not Polyglutamine Length Determines Timing of Huntington's Disease Onset. Cell 2019; 178:887-900.e14. [PMID: 31398342 PMCID: PMC6700281 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2019.06.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 249] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2019] [Revised: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Variable, glutamine-encoding, CAA interruptions indicate that a property of the uninterrupted HTT CAG repeat sequence, distinct from the length of huntingtin's polyglutamine segment, dictates the rate at which Huntington's disease (HD) develops. The timing of onset shows no significant association with HTT cis-eQTLs but is influenced, sometimes in a sex-specific manner, by polymorphic variation at multiple DNA maintenance genes, suggesting that the special onset-determining property of the uninterrupted CAG repeat is a propensity for length instability that leads to its somatic expansion. Additional naturally occurring genetic modifier loci, defined by GWAS, may influence HD pathogenesis through other mechanisms. These findings have profound implications for the pathogenesis of HD and other repeat diseases and question the fundamental premise that polyglutamine length determines the rate of pathogenesis in the "polyglutamine disorders."
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Pardiñas AF, Nalmpanti M, Pocklington AJ, Legge SE, Medway C, King A, Jansen J, Helthuis M, Zammit S, MacCabe J, Owen MJ, O'Donovan MC, Walters JTR. Pharmacogenomic Variants and Drug Interactions Identified Through the Genetic Analysis of Clozapine Metabolism. Am J Psychiatry 2019; 176:477-486. [PMID: 30922102 DOI: 10.1176/appi.ajp.2019.18050589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Clozapine is the only effective medication for treatment-resistant schizophrenia, but its worldwide use is still limited because of its complex titration protocols. While the discovery of pharmacogenomic variants of clozapine metabolism may improve clinical management, no robust findings have yet been reported. This study is the first to adopt the framework of genome-wide association studies (GWASs) to discover genetic markers of clozapine plasma concentrations in a large sample of patients with treatment-resistant schizophrenia. METHODS The authors used mixed-model regression to combine data from multiple assays of clozapine metabolite plasma concentrations from a clozapine monitoring service and carried out a genome-wide analysis of clozapine, norclozapine, and their ratio on 10,353 assays from 2,989 individuals. These analyses were adjusted for demographic factors known to influence clozapine metabolism, although it was not possible to adjust for all potential mediators given the available data. GWAS results were used to pinpoint specific enzymes and metabolic pathways and compounds that might interact with clozapine pharmacokinetics. RESULTS The authors identified four distinct genome-wide significant loci that harbor common variants affecting the metabolism of clozapine or its metabolites. Detailed examination pointed to coding and regulatory variants at several CYP* and UGT* genes as well as corroborative evidence for interactions between the metabolism of clozapine, coffee, and tobacco. Individual effects of single single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) fine-mapped from these loci were large, such as the minor allele of rs2472297, which was associated with a reduction in clozapine concentrations roughly equivalent to a decrease of 50 mg/day in clozapine dosage. On their own, these single SNPs explained from 1.15% to 9.48% of the variance in the plasma concentration data. CONCLUSIONS Common genetic variants with large effects on clozapine metabolism exist and can be found via genome-wide approaches. Their identification opens the way for clinical studies assessing the use of pharmacogenomics in the clinical management of patients with treatment-resistant schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio F Pardiñas
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales (Pardiñas, Nalmpanti, Pocklington, Legge, Medway, Zammit, Owen, O'Donovan, Walters); Magna Laboratories, Ross-on-Wye, U.K. (King); Leyden Delta, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (Jansen, Helthuis); the Centre for Academic Mental Health, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, U.K. (Zammit); the National Institute for Health Research, Biomedical Research Centre, University of Bristol, Bristol, U.K. (Zammit); and the Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London (MacCabe)
| | - Mariana Nalmpanti
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales (Pardiñas, Nalmpanti, Pocklington, Legge, Medway, Zammit, Owen, O'Donovan, Walters); Magna Laboratories, Ross-on-Wye, U.K. (King); Leyden Delta, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (Jansen, Helthuis); the Centre for Academic Mental Health, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, U.K. (Zammit); the National Institute for Health Research, Biomedical Research Centre, University of Bristol, Bristol, U.K. (Zammit); and the Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London (MacCabe)
| | - Andrew J Pocklington
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales (Pardiñas, Nalmpanti, Pocklington, Legge, Medway, Zammit, Owen, O'Donovan, Walters); Magna Laboratories, Ross-on-Wye, U.K. (King); Leyden Delta, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (Jansen, Helthuis); the Centre for Academic Mental Health, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, U.K. (Zammit); the National Institute for Health Research, Biomedical Research Centre, University of Bristol, Bristol, U.K. (Zammit); and the Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London (MacCabe)
| | - Sophie E Legge
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales (Pardiñas, Nalmpanti, Pocklington, Legge, Medway, Zammit, Owen, O'Donovan, Walters); Magna Laboratories, Ross-on-Wye, U.K. (King); Leyden Delta, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (Jansen, Helthuis); the Centre for Academic Mental Health, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, U.K. (Zammit); the National Institute for Health Research, Biomedical Research Centre, University of Bristol, Bristol, U.K. (Zammit); and the Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London (MacCabe)
| | - Christopher Medway
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales (Pardiñas, Nalmpanti, Pocklington, Legge, Medway, Zammit, Owen, O'Donovan, Walters); Magna Laboratories, Ross-on-Wye, U.K. (King); Leyden Delta, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (Jansen, Helthuis); the Centre for Academic Mental Health, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, U.K. (Zammit); the National Institute for Health Research, Biomedical Research Centre, University of Bristol, Bristol, U.K. (Zammit); and the Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London (MacCabe)
| | - Adrian King
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales (Pardiñas, Nalmpanti, Pocklington, Legge, Medway, Zammit, Owen, O'Donovan, Walters); Magna Laboratories, Ross-on-Wye, U.K. (King); Leyden Delta, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (Jansen, Helthuis); the Centre for Academic Mental Health, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, U.K. (Zammit); the National Institute for Health Research, Biomedical Research Centre, University of Bristol, Bristol, U.K. (Zammit); and the Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London (MacCabe)
| | - John Jansen
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales (Pardiñas, Nalmpanti, Pocklington, Legge, Medway, Zammit, Owen, O'Donovan, Walters); Magna Laboratories, Ross-on-Wye, U.K. (King); Leyden Delta, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (Jansen, Helthuis); the Centre for Academic Mental Health, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, U.K. (Zammit); the National Institute for Health Research, Biomedical Research Centre, University of Bristol, Bristol, U.K. (Zammit); and the Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London (MacCabe)
| | - Marinka Helthuis
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales (Pardiñas, Nalmpanti, Pocklington, Legge, Medway, Zammit, Owen, O'Donovan, Walters); Magna Laboratories, Ross-on-Wye, U.K. (King); Leyden Delta, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (Jansen, Helthuis); the Centre for Academic Mental Health, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, U.K. (Zammit); the National Institute for Health Research, Biomedical Research Centre, University of Bristol, Bristol, U.K. (Zammit); and the Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London (MacCabe)
| | - Stanley Zammit
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales (Pardiñas, Nalmpanti, Pocklington, Legge, Medway, Zammit, Owen, O'Donovan, Walters); Magna Laboratories, Ross-on-Wye, U.K. (King); Leyden Delta, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (Jansen, Helthuis); the Centre for Academic Mental Health, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, U.K. (Zammit); the National Institute for Health Research, Biomedical Research Centre, University of Bristol, Bristol, U.K. (Zammit); and the Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London (MacCabe)
| | - James MacCabe
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales (Pardiñas, Nalmpanti, Pocklington, Legge, Medway, Zammit, Owen, O'Donovan, Walters); Magna Laboratories, Ross-on-Wye, U.K. (King); Leyden Delta, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (Jansen, Helthuis); the Centre for Academic Mental Health, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, U.K. (Zammit); the National Institute for Health Research, Biomedical Research Centre, University of Bristol, Bristol, U.K. (Zammit); and the Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London (MacCabe)
| | - Michael J Owen
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales (Pardiñas, Nalmpanti, Pocklington, Legge, Medway, Zammit, Owen, O'Donovan, Walters); Magna Laboratories, Ross-on-Wye, U.K. (King); Leyden Delta, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (Jansen, Helthuis); the Centre for Academic Mental Health, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, U.K. (Zammit); the National Institute for Health Research, Biomedical Research Centre, University of Bristol, Bristol, U.K. (Zammit); and the Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London (MacCabe)
| | - Michael C O'Donovan
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales (Pardiñas, Nalmpanti, Pocklington, Legge, Medway, Zammit, Owen, O'Donovan, Walters); Magna Laboratories, Ross-on-Wye, U.K. (King); Leyden Delta, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (Jansen, Helthuis); the Centre for Academic Mental Health, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, U.K. (Zammit); the National Institute for Health Research, Biomedical Research Centre, University of Bristol, Bristol, U.K. (Zammit); and the Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London (MacCabe)
| | - James T R Walters
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales (Pardiñas, Nalmpanti, Pocklington, Legge, Medway, Zammit, Owen, O'Donovan, Walters); Magna Laboratories, Ross-on-Wye, U.K. (King); Leyden Delta, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (Jansen, Helthuis); the Centre for Academic Mental Health, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, U.K. (Zammit); the National Institute for Health Research, Biomedical Research Centre, University of Bristol, Bristol, U.K. (Zammit); and the Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London (MacCabe)
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6
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Kunkle BW, Grenier-Boley B, Sims R, Bis JC, Damotte V, Naj AC, Boland A, Vronskaya M, van der Lee SJ, Amlie-Wolf A, Bellenguez C, Frizatti A, Chouraki V, Martin ER, Sleegers K, Badarinarayan N, Jakobsdottir J, Hamilton-Nelson KL, Moreno-Grau S, Olaso R, Raybould R, Chen Y, Kuzma AB, Hiltunen M, Morgan T, Ahmad S, Vardarajan BN, Epelbaum J, Hoffmann P, Boada M, Beecham GW, Garnier JG, Harold D, Fitzpatrick AL, Valladares O, Moutet ML, Gerrish A, Smith AV, Qu L, Bacq D, Denning N, Jian X, Zhao Y, Del Zompo M, Fox NC, Choi SH, Mateo I, Hughes JT, Adams HH, Malamon J, Sanchez-Garcia F, Patel Y, Brody JA, Dombroski BA, Naranjo MCD, Daniilidou M, Eiriksdottir G, Mukherjee S, Wallon D, Uphill J, Aspelund T, Cantwell LB, Garzia F, Galimberti D, Hofer E, Butkiewicz M, Fin B, Scarpini E, Sarnowski C, Bush WS, Meslage S, Kornhuber J, White CC, Song Y, Barber RC, Engelborghs S, Sordon S, Voijnovic D, Adams PM, Vandenberghe R, Mayhaus M, Cupples LA, Albert MS, De Deyn PP, Gu W, Himali JJ, Beekly D, Squassina A, Hartmann AM, Orellana A, Blacker D, Rodriguez-Rodriguez E, Lovestone S, Garcia ME, Doody RS, Munoz-Fernadez C, Sussams R, Lin H, Fairchild TJ, Benito YA, Holmes C, Karamujić-Čomić H, Frosch MP, Thonberg H, Maier W, Roshchupkin G, Ghetti B, Giedraitis V, Kawalia A, Li S, Huebinger RM, Kilander L, Moebus S, Hernández I, Kamboh MI, Brundin R, Turton J, Yang Q, Katz MJ, Concari L, Lord J, Beiser AS, Keene CD, Helisalmi S, Kloszewska I, Kukull WA, Koivisto AM, Lynch A, Tarraga L, Larson EB, Haapasalo A, Lawlor B, Mosley TH, Lipton RB, Solfrizzi V, Gill M, Longstreth WT, Montine TJ, Frisardi V, Diez-Fairen M, Rivadeneira F, Petersen RC, Deramecourt V, Alvarez I, Salani F, Ciaramella A, Boerwinkle E, Reiman EM, Fievet N, Rotter JI, Reisch JS, Hanon O, Cupidi C, Andre Uitterlinden AG, Royall DR, Dufouil C, Maletta RG, de Rojas I, Sano M, Brice A, Cecchetti R, George-Hyslop PS, Ritchie K, Tsolaki M, Tsuang DW, Dubois B, Craig D, Wu CK, Soininen H, Avramidou D, Albin RL, Fratiglioni 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J, Schmidt H, Hakonarson H, Clarimon J, Munger R, Schmidt R, Farrer LA, Van Broeckhoven C, C O'Donovan M, DeStefano AL, Jones L, Haines JL, Deleuze JF, Owen MJ, Gudnason V, Mayeux R, Escott-Price V, Psaty BM, Ramirez A, Wang LS, Ruiz A, van Duijn CM, Holmans PA, Seshadri S, Williams J, Amouyel P, Schellenberg GD, Lambert JC, Pericak-Vance MA. Genetic meta-analysis of diagnosed Alzheimer's disease identifies new risk loci and implicates Aβ, tau, immunity and lipid processing. Nat Genet 2019; 51:414-430. [PMID: 30820047 PMCID: PMC6463297 DOI: 10.1038/s41588-019-0358-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1518] [Impact Index Per Article: 303.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Risk for late-onset Alzheimer's disease (LOAD), the most prevalent dementia, is partially driven by genetics. To identify LOAD risk loci, we performed a large genome-wide association meta-analysis of clinically diagnosed LOAD (94,437 individuals). We confirm 20 previous LOAD risk loci and identify five new genome-wide loci (IQCK, ACE, ADAM10, ADAMTS1, and WWOX), two of which (ADAM10, ACE) were identified in a recent genome-wide association (GWAS)-by-familial-proxy of Alzheimer's or dementia. Fine-mapping of the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) region confirms the neurological and immune-mediated disease haplotype HLA-DR15 as a risk factor for LOAD. Pathway analysis implicates immunity, lipid metabolism, tau binding proteins, and amyloid precursor protein (APP) metabolism, showing that genetic variants affecting APP and Aβ processing are associated not only with early-onset autosomal dominant Alzheimer's disease but also with LOAD. Analyses of risk genes and pathways show enrichment for rare variants (P = 1.32 × 10-7), indicating that additional rare variants remain to be identified. We also identify important genetic correlations between LOAD and traits such as family history of dementia and education.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian W Kunkle
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.
| | - Benjamin Grenier-Boley
- Inserm, U1167, RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Lille, France
- Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
- Univ. Lille, U1167-Excellence Laboratory LabEx DISTALZ, Lille, France
| | - Rebecca Sims
- Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute at Cardiff, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Joshua C Bis
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Vincent Damotte
- Inserm, U1167, RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Lille, France
- Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
- Univ. Lille, U1167-Excellence Laboratory LabEx DISTALZ, Lille, France
| | - Adam C Naj
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology/Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Anne Boland
- Centre National de Recherche en Génomique Humaine, Institut de Biologie François Jacob, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, and LabEx GENMED, Evry, France
| | - Maria Vronskaya
- Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Sven J van der Lee
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Alexandre Amlie-Wolf
- Penn Neurodegeneration Genomics Center, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Céline Bellenguez
- Inserm, U1167, RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Lille, France
- Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
- Univ. Lille, U1167-Excellence Laboratory LabEx DISTALZ, Lille, France
| | - Aura Frizatti
- Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Vincent Chouraki
- Inserm, U1167, RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Lille, France
- Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
- Univ. Lille, U1167-Excellence Laboratory LabEx DISTALZ, Lille, France
- Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Eden R Martin
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Kristel Sleegers
- Neurodegenerative Brain Diseases Group, Center for Molecular Neurology, VIB, Antwerp, Belgium
- Laboratory for Neurogenetics, Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Nandini Badarinarayan
- Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | | | - Kara L Hamilton-Nelson
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Sonia Moreno-Grau
- Research Center and Memory Clinic of Fundació ACE, Institut Català de Neurociències Aplicades-Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Robert Olaso
- Centre National de Recherche en Génomique Humaine, Institut de Biologie François Jacob, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, and LabEx GENMED, Evry, France
| | - Rachel Raybould
- Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute at Cardiff, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Yuning Chen
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Amanda B Kuzma
- Penn Neurodegeneration Genomics Center, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Mikko Hiltunen
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Neurology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Taniesha Morgan
- Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Shahzad Ahmad
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Badri N Vardarajan
- Taub Institute on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jacques Epelbaum
- UMR 894, Center for Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Inserm, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Per Hoffmann
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Department of Genomics, Life & Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Division of Medical Genetics, University Hospital and Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Merce Boada
- Research Center and Memory Clinic of Fundació ACE, Institut Català de Neurociències Aplicades-Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Gary W Beecham
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Jean-Guillaume Garnier
- Centre National de Recherche en Génomique Humaine, Institut de Biologie François Jacob, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, and LabEx GENMED, Evry, France
| | - Denise Harold
- School of Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Annette L Fitzpatrick
- Department of Family Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Otto Valladares
- Penn Neurodegeneration Genomics Center, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Marie-Laure Moutet
- Centre National de Recherche en Génomique Humaine, Institut de Biologie François Jacob, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, and LabEx GENMED, Evry, France
| | - Amy Gerrish
- Dementia Research Centre, Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Albert V Smith
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Liming Qu
- Penn Neurodegeneration Genomics Center, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Delphine Bacq
- Centre National de Recherche en Génomique Humaine, Institut de Biologie François Jacob, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, and LabEx GENMED, Evry, France
| | - Nicola Denning
- Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute at Cardiff, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Xueqiu Jian
- Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Sciences Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yi Zhao
- Penn Neurodegeneration Genomics Center, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Maria Del Zompo
- Section of Neuroscience and Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Nick C Fox
- Dementia Research Centre, Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Seung-Hoan Choi
- Research Center and Memory Clinic of Fundació ACE, Institut Català de Neurociències Aplicades-Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ignacio Mateo
- Neurology Service and CIBERNED, 'Marqués de Valdecilla' University Hospital (University of Cantabria and IDIVAL), Santander, Spain
| | - Joseph T Hughes
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Hieab H Adams
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - John Malamon
- Penn Neurodegeneration Genomics Center, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Yogen Patel
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Jennifer A Brody
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Beth A Dombroski
- Penn Neurodegeneration Genomics Center, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Makrina Daniilidou
- Department of Neurology, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | | | | | - David Wallon
- Normandie University, UNIROUEN, Inserm U1245, and Rouen University Hospital, Department of Neurology, Department of Genetics and CNR-MAJ, Normandy Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Rouen, France
| | - James Uphill
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, MRC Prion Unit at UCL, Institute of Prion Diseases, London, UK
| | - Thor Aspelund
- Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur, Iceland
- Centre for Public Health, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Laura B Cantwell
- Penn Neurodegeneration Genomics Center, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Fabienne Garzia
- Centre National de Recherche en Génomique Humaine, Institut de Biologie François Jacob, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, and LabEx GENMED, Evry, France
| | - Daniela Galimberti
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Neurodegenerative Diseases Unit, Milan, Italy
- University of Milan, Centro Dino Ferrari, Milan, Italy
| | - Edith Hofer
- Clinical Division of Neurogeriatrics, Department of Neurology, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Documentation, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Mariusz Butkiewicz
- Institute for Computational Biology, Department of Population & Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Bertrand Fin
- Centre National de Recherche en Génomique Humaine, Institut de Biologie François Jacob, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, and LabEx GENMED, Evry, France
| | - Elio Scarpini
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Neurodegenerative Diseases Unit, Milan, Italy
- University of Milan, Centro Dino Ferrari, Milan, Italy
| | - Chloe Sarnowski
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Will S Bush
- Institute for Computational Biology, Department of Population & Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Stéphane Meslage
- Centre National de Recherche en Génomique Humaine, Institut de Biologie François Jacob, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, and LabEx GENMED, Evry, France
| | - Johannes Kornhuber
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Charles C White
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Yuenjoo Song
- Institute for Computational Biology, Department of Population & Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Robert C Barber
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA
| | - Sebastiaan Engelborghs
- Laboratory for Neurochemistry and Behavior, Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Department of Neurology and Memory Clinic, Hospital Network Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Sabrina Sordon
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Saarland, Germany
| | - Dina Voijnovic
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Perrie M Adams
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Rik Vandenberghe
- Laboratory for Cognitive Neurology, Department of Neurology, University Hospital and University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Manuel Mayhaus
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Saarland, Germany
| | - L Adrienne Cupples
- Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Marilyn S Albert
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Peter P De Deyn
- Laboratory for Neurochemistry and Behavior, Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Department of Neurology and Memory Clinic, Hospital Network Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Wei Gu
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Saarland, Germany
| | - Jayanadra J Himali
- Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Duane Beekly
- National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Alessio Squassina
- Section of Neuroscience and Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Annette M Hartmann
- Department of Psychiatry, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Adelina Orellana
- Research Center and Memory Clinic of Fundació ACE, Institut Català de Neurociències Aplicades-Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Deborah Blacker
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Eloy Rodriguez-Rodriguez
- Neurology Service and CIBERNED, 'Marqués de Valdecilla' University Hospital (University of Cantabria and IDIVAL), Santander, Spain
| | | | - Melissa E Garcia
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Rachelle S Doody
- Alzheimer's Disease and Memory Disorders Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Carmen Munoz-Fernadez
- Department of Immunology, Hospital Universitario Doctor Negrín, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Rebecca Sussams
- Division of Clinical Neurosciences, School of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Honghuang Lin
- Section of Computational Biomedicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Thomas J Fairchild
- Office of Strategy and Measurement, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA
| | - Yolanda A Benito
- Department of Immunology, Hospital Universitario Doctor Negrín, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Clive Holmes
- Division of Clinical Neurosciences, School of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | | | - Matthew P Frosch
- C.S. Kubik Laboratory for Neuropathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Hakan Thonberg
- Theme Aging, Unit for Hereditary Dementias, Karolinska University Hospital-Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Alzheimer Research Center, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Solna, Sweden
| | - Wolfgang Maier
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Bonn, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Gennady Roshchupkin
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Bernardino Ghetti
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Vilmantas Giedraitis
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences/Geriatrics, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Amit Kawalia
- Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Shuo Li
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ryan M Huebinger
- Department of Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Lena Kilander
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences/Geriatrics, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Susanne Moebus
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, University Hospital of Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Isabel Hernández
- Research Center and Memory Clinic of Fundació ACE, Institut Català de Neurociències Aplicades-Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - M Ilyas Kamboh
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - RoseMarie Brundin
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences/Geriatrics, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - James Turton
- Institute of Genetics, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Qiong Yang
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mindy J Katz
- Department of Neurology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Letizia Concari
- Section of Neuroscience, DIMEC-University of Parma, Parma, Italy
- FERB-Alzheimer Center, Gazzaniga (Bergamo), Italy
| | - Jenny Lord
- Institute of Genetics, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Alexa S Beiser
- Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - C Dirk Keene
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Seppo Helisalmi
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Neurology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Iwona Kloszewska
- Elderly and Psychiatric Disorders Department, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Walter A Kukull
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Anne Maria Koivisto
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Neurology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Aoibhinn Lynch
- Mercer's Institute for Research on Aging, St. James's Hospital and Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
- St. James's Hospital and Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Lluís Tarraga
- Research Center and Memory Clinic of Fundació ACE, Institut Català de Neurociències Aplicades-Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Eric B Larson
- Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Annakaisa Haapasalo
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Brian Lawlor
- Mercer's Institute for Research on Aging, St. James's Hospital and Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
- St. James's Hospital and Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Thomas H Mosley
- Departments of Medicine, Geriatrics, Gerontology and Neurology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Richard B Lipton
- Department of Neurology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Vincenzo Solfrizzi
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, Geriatric Medicine and Memory Unity, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Michael Gill
- Mercer's Institute for Research on Aging, St. James's Hospital and Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
- St. James's Hospital and Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
| | - W T Longstreth
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Thomas J Montine
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Vincenza Frisardi
- Department of Geriatrics, Center for Aging Brain, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Monica Diez-Fairen
- Fundació per la Recerca Biomèdica i Social Mútua Terrassa, Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain
- Memory Disorders Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari Mutua de Terrassa, Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Fernando Rivadeneira
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdamt, the Netherlands
- Netherlands Consortium on Health Aging and National Genomics Initiative, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | | | - Vincent Deramecourt
- CHU Lille, Memory Center of Lille (Centre Mémoire de Ressources et de Recherche), Lille, France
| | - Ignacio Alvarez
- Fundació per la Recerca Biomèdica i Social Mútua Terrassa, Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain
- Memory Disorders Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari Mutua de Terrassa, Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francesca Salani
- Department of Clinical and Behavioral Neurology, Experimental Neuropsychobiology Laboratory, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Ciaramella
- Department of Clinical and Behavioral Neurology, Experimental Neuropsychobiology Laboratory, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Eric Boerwinkle
- School of Public Health, Human Genetics Center, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Eric M Reiman
- Neurogenomics Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA
- Arizona Alzheimer's Consortium, Phoenix, AZ, USA
- Banner Alzheimer's Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Arizona, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Nathalie Fievet
- Inserm, U1167, RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Lille, France
- Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
- Univ. Lille, U1167-Excellence Laboratory LabEx DISTALZ, Lille, France
| | - Jerome I Rotter
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, Los Angeles BioMedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Joan S Reisch
- Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Olivier Hanon
- University Paris Descartes, EA 4468, AP-HP, Geriatrics Department, Hôpital Broca, Paris, France
| | - Chiara Cupidi
- Regional Neurogenetic Centre (CRN), ASP Catanzaro, Lamezia Terme, Italy
| | - A G Andre Uitterlinden
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdamt, the Netherlands
- Netherlands Consortium on Health Aging and National Genomics Initiative, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Donald R Royall
- Departments of Psychiatry, Medicine, Family & Community Medicine, South Texas Veterans Health Administration Geriatric Research Education & Clinical Center (GRECC), UT Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Carole Dufouil
- University of Bordeaux, Inserm 1219, Bordeaux, France
- Department of Neurology, Bordeaux University Hospital / CHU de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | | | - Itziar de Rojas
- Research Center and Memory Clinic of Fundació ACE, Institut Català de Neurociències Aplicades-Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mary Sano
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alexis Brice
- Inserm U1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, UMRS 1127, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière, Paris, France
- AP-HP, Department of Genetics, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Roberta Cecchetti
- Section of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Peter St George-Hyslop
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Karen Ritchie
- Inserm U1061 Neuropsychiatry, La Colombière Hospital, Montpellier, France
- Montpellier University, Montpellier, France
- Department of Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Magda Tsolaki
- Department of Neurology, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Debby W Tsuang
- VA Puget Sound Health Care System/>GRECC, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Bruno Dubois
- Institut de la Mémoire et de la Maladie d'Alzheimer and Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière, Département de Neurologie, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
- Institut des Neurosciences Translationnelles de Paris, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière, Paris, France
- Inserm, CNRS, UMR-S975, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Epinière, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - David Craig
- Ageing Group, Centre for Public Health, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Chuang-Kuo Wu
- Departments of Neurology, Pharmacology & Neuroscience, Texas Tech University Health Science Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Hilkka Soininen
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Neurology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Despoina Avramidou
- Department of Neurology, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Roger L Albin
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), VA Ann Arbor Healthcare System (VAAAHS), Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Michigan Alzheimer Disease Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Laura Fratiglioni
- Aging Research Center, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Antonia Germanou
- Department of Neurology, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Liana G Apostolova
- Indiana Alzheimer's Disease Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Department of Neurology, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Lina Keller
- Aging Research Center, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Maria Koutroumani
- Department of Neurology, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Steven E Arnold
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Francesco Panza
- Department of Geriatrics, Center for Aging Brain, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Olymbia Gkatzima
- Department of Neurology, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Sanjay Asthana
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Didier Hannequin
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Patrice Whitehead
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Craig S Atwood
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Department of Neurology, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Paolo Caffarra
- Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Institute of Genetics, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Harald Hampel
- AXA Research Fund & Sorbonne University Chair, Paris, France
- Sorbonne University, GRC n° 21, Alzheimer Precision Medicine (APM), AP-HP, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France
- Brain & Spine Institute, Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Paris, France
- Institute of Memory and Alzheimer's Disease, Department of Neurology, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Inés Quintela
- Grupo de Medicina Xenomica, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Centro Nacional de Genotipado, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Ángel Carracedo
- Grupo de Medicina Xenomica, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Centro Nacional de Genotipado, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Lars Lannfelt
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences/Geriatrics, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - David C Rubinsztein
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Lisa L Barnes
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Behavioral Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Florence Pasquier
- CHU Lille, Memory Center of Lille (Centre Mémoire de Ressources et de Recherche), Lille, France
| | - Lutz Frölich
- Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sandra Barral
- Taub Institute on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Bernadette McGuinness
- Ageing Group, Centre for Public Health, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Thomas G Beach
- Civin Laboratory for Neuropathology, Banner Sun Health Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Janet A Johnston
- Ageing Group, Centre for Public Health, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - James T Becker
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Peter Passmore
- Ageing Group, Centre for Public Health, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Eileen H Bigio
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
- Mesulam Center for Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer's Disease, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jonathan M Schott
- Dementia Research Centre, Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Thomas D Bird
- Department of Neurology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- VA Puget Sound Health Care System/>GRECC, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jason D Warren
- Dementia Research Centre, Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | | | - Michelle K Lupton
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- Genetic Epidemiology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | | | - Petra Proitsi
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Adam Boxer
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - John F Powell
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - James R Burke
- Department of Neurology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - John S K Kauwe
- Departments of Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
| | - Jeffrey M Burns
- University of Kansas Alzheimer's Disease Center, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Michelangelo Mancuso
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Neurological Institute, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Joseph D Buxbaum
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ubaldo Bonuccelli
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Neurological Institute, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Nigel J Cairns
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | | | - Chuanhai Cao
- USF Health Byrd Alzheimer's Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Gill Livingston
- Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK
| | - Chris S Carlson
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Nicholas J Bass
- Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK
| | | | - John Hardy
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL, Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Regina M Carney
- Mental Health & Behavioral Science Service, Bruce W. Carter VA Medical Center, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Jose Bras
- UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | | | - Rita Guerreiro
- UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Mariet Allen
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Helena C Chui
- Department of Neurology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Elizabeth Fisher
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Carlo Masullo
- Department of Neurology, Catholic University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Elizabeth A Crocco
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Charles DeCarli
- Department of Neurology, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Gina Bisceglio
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Malcolm Dick
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Li Ma
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Ranjan Duara
- Wien Center for Alzheimer's Disease and Memory Disorders, Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami Beach, FL, USA
| | | | - Denis A Evans
- Rush Institute for Healthy Aging, Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Angela Hodges
- Department of Old Age Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Kelley M Faber
- Indiana Alzheimer's Disease Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Martin Scherer
- Department of Primary Medical Care, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Kenneth B Fallon
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | | | - David W Fardo
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, Department of Biostatistics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Reinhard Heun
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Martin R Farlow
- Department of Neurology, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Heike Kölsch
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Steven Ferris
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Markus Leber
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Tatiana M Foroud
- Indiana Alzheimer's Disease Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Isabella Heuser
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Douglas R Galasko
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Ina Giegling
- Department of Psychiatry, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Marla Gearing
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Emory Alzheimer's Disease Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Michael Hüll
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Daniel H Geschwind
- Neurogenetics Program, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - John R Gilbert
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - John Morris
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Hope Center Program on Protein Aggregation and Neurodegeneration, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Robert C Green
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine and Partners Center for Personalized Genetic Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kevin Mayo
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Neurology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Genetics, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - John H Growdon
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Thomas Feulner
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Saarland, Germany
| | - Ronald L Hamilton
- Department of Pathology (Neuropathology), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Lindy E Harrell
- Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Dmitriy Drichel
- Cologne Center for Genomics, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Lawrence S Honig
- Taub Institute on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Thomas D Cushion
- Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute at Cardiff, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Matthew J Huentelman
- Neurogenomics Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Paul Hollingworth
- Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | | | - Bradley T Hyman
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rachel Marshall
- Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Gail P Jarvik
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Medicine (Medical Genetics), University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Alun Meggy
- Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Erin Abner
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, College of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Georgina E Menzies
- Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute at Cardiff, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Lee-Way Jin
- Unidad Clínica de Enfermedades Infecciosas y Microbiología, Hospital Universitario de Valme, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Ganna Leonenko
- Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Luis M Real
- Unidad Clínica de Enfermedades Infecciosas y Microbiología, Hospital Universitario de Valme, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Gyungah R Jun
- Department of Medicine (Biomedical Genetics), Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Clinton T Baldwin
- Department of Medicine (Biomedical Genetics), Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Detelina Grozeva
- Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | | | - Giancarlo Russo
- Functional Genomics Center Zurich, ETH/University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jeffrey A Kaye
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health &Science University, Portland, OR, USA
- Department of Neurology, Portland Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Ronald Kim
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Frank Jessen
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Bonn, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Neil W Kowall
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pathology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Bruno Vellas
- Inserm U558, University of Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Joel H Kramer
- Department of Neuropsychology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Emma Vardy
- Institute for Ageing and Health, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Frank M LaFerla
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Karl-Heinz Jöckel
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, University Hospital of Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - James J Lah
- Department of Neurology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Martin Dichgans
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Munich, Germany
| | - James B Leverenz
- Cleveland Clinic Lou Ruvo Center for Brain Health, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - David Mann
- Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Allan I Levey
- Department of Neurology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Stuart Pickering-Brown
- Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | | | - Norman Klopp
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Munich, Germany
| | - Kathryn L Lunetta
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - H-Erich Wichmann
- Helmholtz Center Munich, Institute of Epidemiology, Neuherberg, Munich, Germany
- Ludwig-Maximilians University Chair of Epidemiology, Munich, Germany
- Joint Biobank Munich and KORA Biobank, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Kevin Morgan
- Human Genetics, Schools of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Daniel C Marson
- Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Kristelle Brown
- Institute of Genetics, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Frank Martiniuk
- Department of Medicine-Pulmonary, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Christopher Medway
- Institute of Genetics, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Deborah C Mash
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Markus M Nöthen
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Department of Genomics, Life & Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Eliezer Masliah
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Nigel M Hooper
- Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | | | - Antonio Daniele
- Institute of Neurology, Catholic University of Sacred Hearth, Rome, Italy
| | - Susan M McCurry
- School of Nursing Northwest Research Group on Aging, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Anthony Bayer
- Institute of Primary Care and Public Health, Cardiff University, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, UK
| | - Andrew N McDavid
- USF Health Byrd Alzheimer's Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - John Gallacher
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Ann C McKee
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pathology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hendrik van den Bussche
- Department of Primary Medical Care, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Marsel Mesulam
- Mesulam Center for Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer's Disease, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Carol Brayne
- Cambridge Institute of Public Health, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK
| | - Bruce L Miller
- Weill Institute for Neurosciences, Memory and Aging Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Steffi Riedel-Heller
- Institute of Social Medicine, Occupational Health and Public Health, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Carol A Miller
- Department of Pathology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Joshua W Miller
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Ammar Al-Chalabi
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscienceó, King's College London, London, UK
| | - John C Morris
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Neurology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Christopher E Shaw
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscienceó, King's College London, London, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Amanda J Myers
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Jens Wiltfang
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Goettingen, Germany
- IBiMED, Medical Sciences Department, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Sid O'Bryant
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA
| | - John M Olichney
- Department of Neurology, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Victoria Alvarez
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory-Hospital, University of Central Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Joseph E Parisi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Andrew B Singleton
- Molecular Genetics Section, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Henry L Paulson
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Michigan Alzheimer Disease Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - John Collinge
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, MRC Prion Unit at UCL, Institute of Prion Diseases, London, UK
| | - William R Perry
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Simon Mead
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, MRC Prion Unit at UCL, Institute of Prion Diseases, London, UK
| | - Elaine Peskind
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - David H Cribbs
- Department of Neurology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Martin Rossor
- Dementia Research Centre, Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Aimee Pierce
- Department of Neurology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Natalie S Ryan
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, MRC Prion Unit at UCL, Institute of Prion Diseases, London, UK
| | - Wayne W Poon
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Benedetta Nacmias
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
- Centro di Ricerca, Trasferimento e Alta Formazione DENOTHE, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Huntington Potter
- Department of Neurology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Sandro Sorbi
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
- IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi, Florence, Italy
| | - Joseph F Quinn
- Department of Primary Medical Care, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Eleonora Sacchinelli
- Department of Clinical and Behavioral Neurology, Experimental Neuropsychobiology Laboratory, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Ashok Raj
- USF Health Byrd Alzheimer's Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Gianfranco Spalletta
- Laboratory of Neuropsychiatry, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
- Division of Neuropsychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Murray Raskind
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Carlo Caltagirone
- Laboratory of Neuropsychiatry, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Bossù
- Department of Clinical and Behavioral Neurology, Experimental Neuropsychobiology Laboratory, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Donata Orfei
- Laboratory of Neuropsychiatry, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Barry Reisberg
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University, New York, NY, USA
- Alzheimer's Disease Center, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Robert Clarke
- Oxford Healthy Aging Project, Clinical Trial Service Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Christiane Reitz
- Taub Institute on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - A David Smith
- Oxford Project to Investigate Memory and Ageing, University of Oxford, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - John M Ringman
- Department of Neurology, Keck School of Medicine at the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Donald Warden
- Oxford Project to Investigate Memory and Ageing, University of Oxford, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Erik D Roberson
- Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Gordon Wilcock
- Oxford Project to Investigate Memory and Ageing, University of Oxford, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Ekaterina Rogaeva
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Howard J Rosen
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Maura Gallo
- Regional Neurogenetic Centre (CRN), ASP Catanzaro, Lamezia Terme, Italy
| | - Roger N Rosenberg
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Yoav Ben-Shlomo
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Mark A Sager
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Patrizia Mecocci
- Section of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Andrew J Saykin
- Indiana Alzheimer's Disease Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Department of Neurology, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Pau Pastor
- Fundació per la Recerca Biomèdica i Social Mútua Terrassa, Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain
- Memory Disorders Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari Mutua de Terrassa, Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Michael L Cuccaro
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Jeffery M Vance
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Julie A Schneider
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Pathology (Neuropathology), Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Lori S Schneider
- Department of Neurology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Susan Slifer
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - William W Seeley
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Amanda G Smith
- USF Health Byrd Alzheimer's Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Joshua A Sonnen
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Salvatore Spina
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Robert A Stern
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Russell H Swerdlow
- University of Kansas Alzheimer's Disease Center, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Mitchell Tang
- Penn Neurodegeneration Genomics Center, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Rudolph E Tanzi
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - John Q Trojanowski
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Juan C Troncoso
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Vivianna M Van Deerlin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Linda J Van Eldik
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, Department of Neuroscience, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Harry V Vinters
- Department of Neurology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jean Paul Vonsattel
- Taub Institute on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Department of Pathology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sandra Weintraub
- Mesulam Center for Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer's Disease, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Kathleen A Welsh-Bohmer
- Department of Neurology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Kirk C Wilhelmsen
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Jennifer Williamson
- Taub Institute on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Thomas S Wingo
- Department of Neurology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Randall L Woltjer
- Department of Pathology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Clinton B Wright
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Chang-En Yu
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Lei Yu
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Yasaman Saba
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center for Cell Signaling, Metabolism and Aging, Division of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Alberto Pilotto
- Gerontology and Geriatrics Research Laboratory, IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
- Department Geriatric Care, Orthogeriatrics and Rehabilitation, Galliera Hospital, Genova, Italy
| | - Maria J Bullido
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- IdiPAZ, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria la Paz, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Biologia Molecular Severo Ochoa (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Oliver Peters
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Berlin, Germany
| | - Paul K Crane
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - David Bennett
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Paola Bosco
- Instituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Associazione Oasi Maria Santissima Srl, Troina, Italy
| | - Eliecer Coto
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory-Hospital, University of Central Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Virginia Boccardi
- Section of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Phil L De Jager
- Center for Translational and Computational Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alberto Lleo
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Memory Unit, Neurology Department and Sant Pau Biomedical Research Institute, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Autonomous University Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nick Warner
- Somerset Partnership NHS Trust, Somerset, UK
| | - Oscar L Lopez
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Martin Ingelsson
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences/Geriatrics, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - Carlos Cruchaga
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Hope Center Program on Protein Aggregation and Neurodegeneration, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Caroline Graff
- Theme Aging, Unit for Hereditary Dementias, Karolinska University Hospital-Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Alzheimer Research Center, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Solna, Sweden
| | - Rhian Gwilliam
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - Myriam Fornage
- Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Sciences Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Alison M Goate
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Ronald M. Loeb Center for Alzheimer's Disease, Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Pascual Sanchez-Juan
- Neurology Service and CIBERNED, 'Marqués de Valdecilla' University Hospital (University of Cantabria and IDIVAL), Santander, Spain
| | - Patrick G Kehoe
- University of Bristol Medical School, Learning & Research level 2, Southmead Hospital, Bristol, UK
| | - Najaf Amin
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Nilifur Ertekin-Taner
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Claudine Berr
- Inserm U1061 Neuropsychiatry, La Colombière Hospital, Montpellier, France
- Montpellier University, Montpellier, France
| | - Stéphanie Debette
- Inserm U1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, UMRS 1127, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière, Paris, France
- AP-HP, Department of Genetics, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Seth Love
- University of Bristol Medical School, Learning & Research level 2, Southmead Hospital, Bristol, UK
| | - Lenore J Launer
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Steven G Younkin
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | | | | | - M Arfan Ikram
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Neurology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Departments of Radiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Gael Nicolas
- Normandie University, UNIROUEN, Inserm U1245, and Rouen University Hospital, Department of Neurology, Department of Genetics and CNR-MAJ, Normandy Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Rouen, France
| | - Dominique Campion
- Normandie University, UNIROUEN, Inserm U1245, and Rouen University Hospital, Department of Neurology, Department of Genetics and CNR-MAJ, Normandy Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Rouen, France
- Department of Research Rouvray Psychiatric Hospital, Sotteville-lès-Rouen, France
| | | | - Helena Schmidt
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center for Cell Signaling, Metabolism and Aging, Division of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria
- Department of Neurology, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Hakon Hakonarson
- Center for Applied Genomics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, The Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, The Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jordi Clarimon
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Memory Unit, Neurology Department and Sant Pau Biomedical Research Institute, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Autonomous University Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Reinhold Schmidt
- Clinical Division of Neurogeriatrics, Department of Neurology, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Lindsay A Farrer
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine (Biomedical Genetics), Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Christine Van Broeckhoven
- Neurodegenerative Brain Diseases Group, Center for Molecular Neurology, VIB, Antwerp, Belgium
- Laboratory for Neurogenetics, Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Michael C O'Donovan
- Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Anita L DeStefano
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lesley Jones
- Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute at Cardiff, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Jonathan L Haines
- Institute for Computational Biology, Department of Population & Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Jean-Francois Deleuze
- Centre National de Recherche en Génomique Humaine, Institut de Biologie François Jacob, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, and LabEx GENMED, Evry, France
| | - Michael J Owen
- Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Vilmundur Gudnason
- Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Richard Mayeux
- Taub Institute on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Valentina Escott-Price
- Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute at Cardiff, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Bruce M Psaty
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Health Services, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Kaiser Permanente, Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Alfredo Ramirez
- Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Li-San Wang
- Penn Neurodegeneration Genomics Center, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Agustin Ruiz
- Research Center and Memory Clinic of Fundació ACE, Institut Català de Neurociències Aplicades-Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Peter A Holmans
- Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Sudha Seshadri
- Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Julie Williams
- Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute at Cardiff, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Phillippe Amouyel
- Inserm, U1167, RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Lille, France
- Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
- Univ. Lille, U1167-Excellence Laboratory LabEx DISTALZ, Lille, France
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Gerard D Schellenberg
- Penn Neurodegeneration Genomics Center, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jean-Charles Lambert
- Inserm, U1167, RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Lille, France.
- Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France.
- Univ. Lille, U1167-Excellence Laboratory LabEx DISTALZ, Lille, France.
| | - Margaret A Pericak-Vance
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.
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7
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Sassi C, Nalls MA, Ridge PG, Gibbs JR, Lupton MK, Troakes C, Lunnon K, Al-Sarraj S, Brown KS, Medway C, Lord J, Turton J, Bras J, Blumenau S, Thielke M, Josties C, Freyer D, Dietrich A, Hammer M, Baier M, Dirnagl U, Morgan K, Powell JF, Kauwe JS, Cruchaga C, Goate AM, Singleton AB, Guerreiro R, Hodges A, Hardy J. Mendelian adult-onset leukodystrophy genes in Alzheimer's disease: critical influence of CSF1R and NOTCH3. Neurobiol Aging 2018; 66:179.e17-179.e29. [PMID: 29544907 PMCID: PMC5937905 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2018.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Revised: 01/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Mendelian adult-onset leukodystrophies are a spectrum of rare inherited progressive neurodegenerative disorders affecting the white matter of the central nervous system. Among these, cerebral autosomal dominant and recessive arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy, cerebroretinal vasculopathy, metachromatic leukodystrophy, hereditary diffuse leukoencephalopathy with spheroids, and vanishing white matter disease present with rapidly progressive dementia as dominant feature and are caused by mutations in NOTCH3, HTRA1, TREX1, ARSA, CSF1R, EIF2B1, EIF2B2, EIF2B3, EIF2B4, and EIF2B5, respectively. Given the rare incidence of these disorders and the lack of unequivocally diagnostic features, leukodystrophies are frequently misdiagnosed with common sporadic dementing diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), raising the question of whether these overlapping phenotypes may be explained by shared genetic risk factors. To investigate this intriguing hypothesis, we have combined gene expression analysis (1) in 6 different AD mouse strains (APPPS1, HOTASTPM, HETASTPM, TPM, TAS10, and TAU) at 5 different developmental stages (embryo [E15], 2, 4, 8, and 18 months), (2) in APPPS1 primary cortical neurons under stress conditions (oxygen-glucose deprivation) and single-variant-based and single-gene-based (c-alpha test and sequence kernel association test (SKAT)) genetic screening in a cohort composed of 332 Caucasian late-onset AD patients and 676 Caucasian elderly controls. Csf1r was significantly overexpressed (log2FC > 1, adj. p-value < 0.05) in the cortex and hippocampus of aged HOTASTPM mice with extensive Aβ dense-core plaque pathology. We identified 3 likely pathogenic mutations in CSF1R TK domain (p.L868R, p.Q691H, and p.H703Y) in our discovery and validation cohort, composed of 465 AD and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) Caucasian patients from the United Kingdom. Moreover, NOTCH3 was a significant hit in the c-alpha test (adj p-value = 0.01). Adult-onset Mendelian leukodystrophy genes are not common factors implicated in AD. Nevertheless, our study suggests a potential pathogenic link between NOTCH3, CSF1R, and sporadic late-onset AD, which warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celeste Sassi
- Reta Lila, Weston Research Laboratories, Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK; Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA; Department of Experimental Neurology, Center for Stroke Research Berlin (CSB), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Michael A Nalls
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Perry G Ridge
- Departments of Biology, Neuroscience, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
| | - Jesse R Gibbs
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Michelle K Lupton
- King's College London Institute of Psychiatry, London, UK; QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Claire Troakes
- King's College London Institute of Psychiatry, London, UK
| | - Katie Lunnon
- King's College London Institute of Psychiatry, London, UK; Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, Devon, UK
| | - Safa Al-Sarraj
- King's College London Institute of Psychiatry, London, UK
| | - Kristelle S Brown
- Translation Cell Sciences-Human Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Queens Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Christopher Medway
- Translation Cell Sciences-Human Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Queens Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Jenny Lord
- Translation Cell Sciences-Human Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Queens Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - James Turton
- Translation Cell Sciences-Human Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Queens Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Jose Bras
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK; Department of Medical Sciences, Institute of Biomedicine-iBiMED, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal; UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL (UK DRI), London, UK
| | - Sonja Blumenau
- Department of Experimental Neurology, Center for Stroke Research Berlin (CSB), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Mareike Thielke
- Department of Experimental Neurology, Center for Stroke Research Berlin (CSB), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christa Josties
- Department of Experimental Neurology, Center for Stroke Research Berlin (CSB), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Dorette Freyer
- Department of Experimental Neurology, Center for Stroke Research Berlin (CSB), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Annette Dietrich
- Neurodegenerative Diseases, Robert-Koch-Institut, Berlin, Germany
| | - Monia Hammer
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Michael Baier
- Neurodegenerative Diseases, Robert-Koch-Institut, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ulrich Dirnagl
- Department of Experimental Neurology, Center for Stroke Research Berlin (CSB), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kevin Morgan
- Translation Cell Sciences-Human Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Queens Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - John F Powell
- King's College London Institute of Psychiatry, London, UK
| | - John S Kauwe
- Departments of Biology, Neuroscience, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
| | - Carlos Cruchaga
- Division of Biology and Biomedical Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Alison M Goate
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Icahn Medical Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Andrew B Singleton
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Rita Guerreiro
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK; Department of Medical Sciences, Institute of Biomedicine-iBiMED, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal; UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL (UK DRI), London, UK
| | - Angela Hodges
- King's College London Institute of Psychiatry, London, UK
| | - John Hardy
- Reta Lila, Weston Research Laboratories, Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
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Sims R, van der Lee SJ, Naj AC, Bellenguez C, Badarinarayan N, Jakobsdottir J, Kunkle BW, Boland A, Raybould R, Bis JC, Martin ER, Grenier-Boley B, Heilmann-Heimbach S, Chouraki V, Kuzma AB, Sleegers K, Vronskaya M, Ruiz A, Graham RR, Olaso R, Hoffmann P, Grove ML, Vardarajan BN, Hiltunen M, Nöthen MM, White CC, Hamilton-Nelson KL, Epelbaum J, Maier W, Choi SH, Beecham GW, Dulary C, Herms S, Smith AV, Funk CC, Derbois C, Forstner AJ, Ahmad S, Li H, Bacq D, Harold D, Satizabal CL, Valladares O, Squassina A, Thomas R, Brody JA, Qu L, Sánchez-Juan P, Morgan T, Wolters FJ, Zhao Y, Garcia FS, Denning N, Fornage M, Malamon J, Naranjo MCD, Majounie E, Mosley TH, Dombroski B, Wallon D, Lupton MK, Dupuis J, Whitehead P, Fratiglioni L, Medway C, Jian X, Mukherjee S, Keller L, Brown K, Lin H, Cantwell LB, Panza F, McGuinness B, Moreno-Grau S, Burgess JD, Solfrizzi V, Proitsi P, Adams HH, Allen M, Seripa D, Pastor P, Cupples LA, Price ND, Hannequin D, Frank-García A, Levy D, Chakrabarty P, Caffarra P, Giegling I, Beiser AS, Giedraitis V, Hampel H, Garcia ME, Wang X, Lannfelt L, Mecocci P, Eiriksdottir G, Crane PK, Pasquier F, Boccardi V, Henández I, Barber RC, Scherer M, Tarraga L, Adams PM, Leber M, Chen Y, Albert MS, Riedel-Heller S, Emilsson V, Beekly D, Braae A, Schmidt R, Blacker D, Masullo C, Schmidt H, Doody RS, Spalletta G, Longstreth WT, Fairchild TJ, Bossù P, Lopez OL, Frosch MP, Sacchinelli E, Ghetti B, Yang Q, Huebinger RM, Jessen F, Li S, Kamboh MI, Morris J, Sotolongo-Grau O, Katz MJ, Corcoran C, Dunstan M, Braddel A, Thomas C, Meggy A, Marshall R, Gerrish A, Chapman J, Aguilar M, Taylor S, Hill M, Fairén MD, Hodges A, Vellas B, Soininen H, Kloszewska I, Daniilidou M, Uphill J, Patel Y, Hughes JT, Lord J, Turton J, Hartmann AM, Cecchetti R, Fenoglio C, Serpente M, Arcaro M, Caltagirone C, Orfei MD, Ciaramella A, Pichler S, Mayhaus M, Gu W, Lleó A, Fortea J, Blesa R, Barber IS, Brookes K, Cupidi C, Maletta RG, Carrell D, Sorbi S, Moebus S, Urbano M, Pilotto A, Kornhuber J, Bosco P, Todd S, Craig D, Johnston J, Gill M, Lawlor B, Lynch A, Fox NC, Hardy J, Albin RL, Apostolova LG, Arnold SE, Asthana S, Atwood CS, Baldwin CT, Barnes LL, Barral S, Beach TG, Becker JT, Bigio EH, Bird TD, Boeve BF, Bowen JD, Boxer A, Burke JR, Burns JM, Buxbaum JD, Cairns NJ, Cao C, Carlson CS, Carlsson CM, Carney RM, Carrasquillo MM, Carroll SL, Diaz CC, Chui HC, Clark DG, Cribbs DH, Crocco EA, DeCarli C, Dick M, Duara R, Evans DA, Faber KM, Fallon KB, Fardo DW, Farlow MR, Ferris S, Foroud TM, Galasko DR, Gearing M, Geschwind DH, Gilbert JR, Graff-Radford NR, Green RC, Growdon JH, Hamilton RL, Harrell LE, Honig LS, Huentelman MJ, Hulette CM, Hyman BT, Jarvik GP, Abner E, Jin LW, Jun G, Karydas A, Kaye JA, Kim R, Kowall NW, Kramer JH, LaFerla FM, Lah JJ, Leverenz JB, Levey AI, Li G, Lieberman AP, Lunetta KL, Lyketsos CG, Marson DC, Martiniuk F, Mash DC, Masliah E, McCormick WC, McCurry SM, McDavid AN, McKee AC, Mesulam M, Miller BL, Miller CA, Miller JW, Morris JC, Murrell JR, Myers AJ, O'Bryant S, Olichney JM, Pankratz VS, Parisi JE, Paulson HL, Perry W, Peskind E, Pierce A, Poon WW, Potter H, Quinn JF, Raj A, Raskind M, Reisberg B, Reitz C, Ringman JM, Roberson ED, Rogaeva E, Rosen HJ, Rosenberg RN, Sager MA, Saykin AJ, Schneider JA, Schneider LS, Seeley WW, Smith AG, Sonnen JA, Spina S, Stern RA, Swerdlow RH, Tanzi RE, Thornton-Wells TA, Trojanowski JQ, Troncoso JC, Van Deerlin VM, Van Eldik LJ, Vinters HV, Vonsattel JP, Weintraub S, Welsh-Bohmer KA, Wilhelmsen KC, Williamson J, Wingo TS, Woltjer RL, Wright CB, Yu CE, Yu L, Garzia F, Golamaully F, Septier G, Engelborghs S, Vandenberghe R, De Deyn PP, Fernadez CM, Benito YA, Thonberg H, Forsell C, Lilius L, Kinhult-Stählbom A, Kilander L, Brundin R, Concari L, Helisalmi S, Koivisto AM, Haapasalo A, Dermecourt V, Fievet N, Hanon O, Dufouil C, Brice A, Ritchie K, Dubois B, Himali JJ, Keene CD, Tschanz J, Fitzpatrick AL, Kukull WA, Norton M, Aspelund T, Larson EB, Munger R, Rotter JI, Lipton RB, Bullido MJ, Hofman A, Montine TJ, Coto E, Boerwinkle E, Petersen RC, Alvarez V, Rivadeneira F, Reiman EM, Gallo M, O'Donnell CJ, Reisch JS, Bruni AC, Royall DR, Dichgans M, Sano M, Galimberti D, St George-Hyslop P, Scarpini E, Tsuang DW, Mancuso M, Bonuccelli U, Winslow AR, Daniele A, Wu CK, Peters O, Nacmias B, Riemenschneider M, Heun R, Brayne C, Rubinsztein DC, Bras J, Guerreiro R, Al-Chalabi A, Shaw CE, Collinge J, Mann D, Tsolaki M, Clarimón J, Sussams R, Lovestone S, O'Donovan MC, Owen MJ, Behrens TW, Mead S, Goate AM, Uitterlinden AG, Holmes C, Cruchaga C, Ingelsson M, Bennett DA, Powell J, Golde TE, Graff C, De Jager PL, Morgan K, Ertekin-Taner N, Combarros O, Psaty BM, Passmore P, Younkin SG, Berr C, Gudnason V, Rujescu D, Dickson DW, Dartigues JF, DeStefano AL, Ortega-Cubero S, Hakonarson H, Campion D, Boada M, Kauwe JK, Farrer LA, Van Broeckhoven C, Ikram MA, Jones L, Haines JL, Tzourio C, Launer LJ, Escott-Price V, Mayeux R, Deleuze JF, Amin N, Holmans PA, Pericak-Vance MA, Amouyel P, van Duijn CM, Ramirez A, Wang LS, Lambert JC, Seshadri S, Williams J, Schellenberg GD. Rare coding variants in PLCG2, ABI3, and TREM2 implicate microglial-mediated innate immunity in Alzheimer's disease. Nat Genet 2017; 49:1373-1384. [PMID: 28714976 PMCID: PMC5669039 DOI: 10.1038/ng.3916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 601] [Impact Index Per Article: 85.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Accepted: 06/16/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
We identified rare coding variants associated with Alzheimer's disease in a three-stage case-control study of 85,133 subjects. In stage 1, we genotyped 34,174 samples using a whole-exome microarray. In stage 2, we tested associated variants (P < 1 × 10-4) in 35,962 independent samples using de novo genotyping and imputed genotypes. In stage 3, we used an additional 14,997 samples to test the most significant stage 2 associations (P < 5 × 10-8) using imputed genotypes. We observed three new genome-wide significant nonsynonymous variants associated with Alzheimer's disease: a protective variant in PLCG2 (rs72824905: p.Pro522Arg, P = 5.38 × 10-10, odds ratio (OR) = 0.68, minor allele frequency (MAF)cases = 0.0059, MAFcontrols = 0.0093), a risk variant in ABI3 (rs616338: p.Ser209Phe, P = 4.56 × 10-10, OR = 1.43, MAFcases = 0.011, MAFcontrols = 0.008), and a new genome-wide significant variant in TREM2 (rs143332484: p.Arg62His, P = 1.55 × 10-14, OR = 1.67, MAFcases = 0.0143, MAFcontrols = 0.0089), a known susceptibility gene for Alzheimer's disease. These protein-altering changes are in genes highly expressed in microglia and highlight an immune-related protein-protein interaction network enriched for previously identified risk genes in Alzheimer's disease. These genetic findings provide additional evidence that the microglia-mediated innate immune response contributes directly to the development of Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Sims
- Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Sven J van der Lee
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Adam C Naj
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology/Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Céline Bellenguez
- INSERM, U1167, RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Lille, France
- Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
- University Lille, U1167-Excellence Laboratory LabEx DISTALZ, Lille, France
| | - Nandini Badarinarayan
- Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | | | - Brian W Kunkle
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Anne Boland
- CEA/Institut de Génomique, Centre National de Génotypage, Evry, France
| | - Rachel Raybould
- Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Joshua C Bis
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Eden R Martin
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
- Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation, Department of Human Genetics, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Benjamin Grenier-Boley
- INSERM, U1167, RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Lille, France
- Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
- University Lille, U1167-Excellence Laboratory LabEx DISTALZ, Lille, France
| | - Stefanie Heilmann-Heimbach
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Department of Genomics, Life &Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Vincent Chouraki
- Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Amanda B Kuzma
- Penn Neurodegeneration Genomics Center, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Kristel Sleegers
- Neurodegenerative Brain Diseases Group, Department of Molecular Genetics, VIB, Antwerp, Belgium
- Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Maria Vronskaya
- Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Agustin Ruiz
- Research Center and Memory Clinic of Fundació ACE, Institut Català de Neurociències Aplicades, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Robert R Graham
- Immunology Biomarkers Group, Genentech, South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Robert Olaso
- CEA/Institut de Génomique, Centre National de Génotypage, Evry, France
| | - Per Hoffmann
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Department of Genomics, Life &Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Division of Medical Genetics, University Hospital and Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Megan L Grove
- School of Public Health, Human Genetics Center, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Badri N Vardarajan
- Taub Institute on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
- Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Mikko Hiltunen
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Neurology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Markus M Nöthen
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Department of Genomics, Life &Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Charles C White
- Program in Translational NeuroPsychiatric Genomics, Institute for the Neurosciences, Departments of Neurology and Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Jacques Epelbaum
- UMR 894, Center for Psychiatry and Neuroscience, INSERM, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Wolfgang Maier
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Seung-Hoan Choi
- Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Gary W Beecham
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
- Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation, Department of Human Genetics, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Cécile Dulary
- CEA/Institut de Génomique, Centre National de Génotypage, Evry, France
| | - Stefan Herms
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Department of Genomics, Life &Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Division of Medical Genetics, University Hospital and Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Albert V Smith
- Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Cory C Funk
- Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Céline Derbois
- CEA/Institut de Génomique, Centre National de Génotypage, Evry, France
| | - Andreas J Forstner
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Department of Genomics, Life &Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Shahzad Ahmad
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Hongdong Li
- Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Delphine Bacq
- CEA/Institut de Génomique, Centre National de Génotypage, Evry, France
| | - Denise Harold
- School of Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Claudia L Satizabal
- Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Otto Valladares
- Penn Neurodegeneration Genomics Center, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Alessio Squassina
- Section of Neuroscience and Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Rhodri Thomas
- Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Jennifer A Brody
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Liming Qu
- Penn Neurodegeneration Genomics Center, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Pascual Sánchez-Juan
- Neurology Service and CIBERNED, 'Marqués de Valdecilla' University Hospital (University of Cantabria and IFIMAV), Santander, Spain
| | - Taniesha Morgan
- Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Frank J Wolters
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Yi Zhao
- Penn Neurodegeneration Genomics Center, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - Nicola Denning
- Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Myriam Fornage
- Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Sciences Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - John Malamon
- Penn Neurodegeneration Genomics Center, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - Elisa Majounie
- Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Thomas H Mosley
- Departments of Medicine, Geriatrics, Gerontology and Neurology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, USA
| | - Beth Dombroski
- Penn Neurodegeneration Genomics Center, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - David Wallon
- Centre Hospitalier du Rouvray, Sotteville les Rouen, France
- INSERM U1079, Rouen University, IRIB, Normandy University, Rouen, France
| | - Michelle K Lupton
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- Genetic Epidemiology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - Josée Dupuis
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Patrice Whitehead
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Laura Fratiglioni
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
- Aging Research Center, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Christopher Medway
- Institute of Genetics, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Xueqiu Jian
- Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Sciences Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | | | - Lina Keller
- Aging Research Center, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kristelle Brown
- Institute of Genetics, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Honghuang Lin
- Section of Computational Biomedicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Laura B Cantwell
- Penn Neurodegeneration Genomics Center, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Francesco Panza
- Neurodegenerative Disease Unit, Department of Basic Medicine, Neuroscience, and Sense Organs, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Bernadette McGuinness
- Centre for Public Health, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University, Belfast, UK
| | - Sonia Moreno-Grau
- Research Center and Memory Clinic of Fundació ACE, Institut Català de Neurociències Aplicades, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jeremy D Burgess
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | - Vincenzo Solfrizzi
- Geriatric Medicine-Memory Unit and Rare Disease Centre, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Petra Proitsi
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Hieab H Adams
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Mariet Allen
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | - Davide Seripa
- Geriatric Unit and Gerontology-Geriatrics Research Laboratory, Department of Medical Sciences, IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Pau Pastor
- Section of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - L Adrienne Cupples
- Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Didier Hannequin
- INSERM U1079, Rouen University, IRIB, Normandy University, Rouen, France
- Department of Neurology, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France
| | - Ana Frank-García
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital La Paz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital la Paz (IdiPAZ), Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniel Levy
- Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts, USA
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Paramita Chakrabarty
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Paolo Caffarra
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
- Center for Cognitive Disorders AUSL, Parma, Italy
| | - Ina Giegling
- Department of Psychiatry, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Alexa S Beiser
- Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Harald Hampel
- AXA Research Fund and UPMC Chair, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France
- Institut de la Mémoire et de la Maladie d'Alzheimer (IM2A) and Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière (ICM), Département de Neurologie, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Melissa E Garcia
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Xue Wang
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | - Lars Lannfelt
- Department of Public Health/Geriatrics, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Patrizia Mecocci
- Section of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | | | - Paul K Crane
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Florence Pasquier
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lille, Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Lille, France
- INSERM UMRS 1171, CNR-Maj, Lille, France
| | - Virginia Boccardi
- Section of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Isabel Henández
- Research Center and Memory Clinic of Fundació ACE, Institut Català de Neurociències Aplicades, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Robert C Barber
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas, USA
| | - Martin Scherer
- Department of Primary Medical Care, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Lluis Tarraga
- Research Center and Memory Clinic of Fundació ACE, Institut Català de Neurociències Aplicades, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Perrie M Adams
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Markus Leber
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Yuning Chen
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Marilyn S Albert
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Steffi Riedel-Heller
- Institute of Social Medicine, Occupational Health and Public Health, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Valur Emilsson
- Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur, Iceland
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Duane Beekly
- National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Anne Braae
- Schools of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Reinhold Schmidt
- Department of Neurology, Clinical Division of Neurogeriatrics, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Deborah Blacker
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Carlo Masullo
- Department of Neurology, Catholic University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Helena Schmidt
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Rachelle S Doody
- Alzheimer's Disease and Memory Disorders Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Gianfranco Spalletta
- Experimental Neuropsychiatry Laboratory, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Department of Clinical and Behavioural Neurology, Rome, Italy
| | - W T Longstreth
- Department of Neurology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Thomas J Fairchild
- Office of Strategy and Measurement, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas, USA
| | - Paola Bossù
- Experimental Neuropsychiatry Laboratory, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Department of Clinical and Behavioural Neurology, Rome, Italy
| | - Oscar L Lopez
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Matthew P Frosch
- C.S. Kubik Laboratory for Neuropathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Eleonora Sacchinelli
- Experimental Neuropsychiatry Laboratory, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Department of Clinical and Behavioural Neurology, Rome, Italy
| | - Bernardino Ghetti
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Qiong Yang
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ryan M Huebinger
- Department of Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Frank Jessen
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Shuo Li
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - M Ilyas Kamboh
- Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - John Morris
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Hope Center Program on Protein Aggregation and Neurodegeneration, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Oscar Sotolongo-Grau
- Research Center and Memory Clinic of Fundació ACE, Institut Català de Neurociències Aplicades, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mindy J Katz
- Department of Neurology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Chris Corcoran
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Utah State University, Logan, Utah, USA
| | - Melanie Dunstan
- Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Amy Braddel
- Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Charlene Thomas
- Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Alun Meggy
- Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Rachel Marshall
- Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Amy Gerrish
- Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Jade Chapman
- Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Miquel Aguilar
- Fundació per la Recerca Biomèdica i Social Mútua Terrassa, Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain
- Memory Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario Mútua Terrassa, Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sarah Taylor
- Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Matt Hill
- Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Mònica Díez Fairén
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Fundació per la Recerca Biomèdica i Social Mútua Terrassa, Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Angela Hodges
- Department of Old Age Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Bruno Vellas
- INSERM U558, University of Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Hilkka Soininen
- Department of Neurology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Iwona Kloszewska
- Elderly and Psychiatric Disorders Department, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Makrina Daniilidou
- Department of Health Sciences, Psychiatry for the Elderly, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - James Uphill
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, MRC Prion Unit, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Yogen Patel
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Joseph T Hughes
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Jenny Lord
- Institute of Genetics, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - James Turton
- Institute of Genetics, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Annette M Hartmann
- Department of Psychiatry, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Roberta Cecchetti
- Section of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Chiara Fenoglio
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Fondazione Ca' Granda, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Serpente
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Fondazione Ca' Granda, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Marina Arcaro
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Fondazione Ca' Granda, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Carlo Caltagirone
- Experimental Neuropsychiatry Laboratory, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Department of Clinical and Behavioural Neurology, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Donata Orfei
- Experimental Neuropsychiatry Laboratory, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Department of Clinical and Behavioural Neurology, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Ciaramella
- Experimental Neuropsychiatry Laboratory, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Department of Clinical and Behavioural Neurology, Rome, Italy
| | - Sabrina Pichler
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Saarland, Germany
| | - Manuel Mayhaus
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Saarland, Germany
| | - Wei Gu
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Saarland, Germany
| | - Alberto Lleó
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Memory Unit, Neurology Department and Sant Pau Biomedical Research Institute, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan Fortea
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Memory Unit, Neurology Department and Sant Pau Biomedical Research Institute, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rafael Blesa
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Memory Unit, Neurology Department and Sant Pau Biomedical Research Institute, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Imelda S Barber
- Schools of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Keeley Brookes
- Schools of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Chiara Cupidi
- Regional Neurogenetic Centre (CRN), ASP Catanzaro, Lamezia Terme, Italy
| | | | - David Carrell
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Sandro Sorbi
- NEUROFARBA (Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health), University of Florence, Florence, Italy
- IRCCS 'Don Carlo Gnocchi', Florence, Italy
| | - Susanne Moebus
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, University Hospital of Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Maria Urbano
- Geriatric Unit and Gerontology-Geriatrics Research Laboratory, Department of Medical Sciences, IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Alberto Pilotto
- Geriatric Unit and Gerontology-Geriatrics Research Laboratory, Department of Medical Sciences, IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Johannes Kornhuber
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Paolo Bosco
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Associazione Oasi Maria Santissima Srl, Troina, Italy
| | - Stephen Todd
- Centre for Public Health, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University, Belfast, UK
| | - David Craig
- Centre for Public Health, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University, Belfast, UK
| | - Janet Johnston
- Centre for Public Health, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University, Belfast, UK
| | - Michael Gill
- Mercers Institute for Research on Aging, St. James Hospital and Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Brian Lawlor
- Mercers Institute for Research on Aging, St. James Hospital and Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Aoibhinn Lynch
- Mercers Institute for Research on Aging, St. James Hospital and Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Nick C Fox
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL, Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - John Hardy
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL, Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Roger L Albin
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), VA Ann Arbor Healthcare System (VAAAHS), Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Michigan Alzheimer Disease Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Liana G Apostolova
- Indiana Alzheimer's Disease Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
- Department of Neurology, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Steven E Arnold
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Sanjay Asthana
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Craig S Atwood
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Clinton T Baldwin
- Department of Medicine (Genetics Program), Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Lisa L Barnes
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Department of Behavioral Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Sandra Barral
- Taub Institute on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
- Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Thomas G Beach
- Civin Laboratory for Neuropathology, Banner Sun Health Research Institute, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - James T Becker
- Departments of Psychiatry, Neurology, and Psychology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Eileen H Bigio
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer's Disease Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Thomas D Bird
- Department of Neurology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- VA Puget Sound Health Care System/GRECC, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Bradley F Boeve
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | | | - Adam Boxer
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - James R Burke
- Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jeffrey M Burns
- University of Kansas Alzheimer's Disease Center, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | - Joseph D Buxbaum
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Nigel J Cairns
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Chuanhai Cao
- USF Health Byrd Alzheimer's Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Chris S Carlson
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Cynthia M Carlsson
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Regina M Carney
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
| | | | - Steven L Carroll
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Carolina Ceballos Diaz
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Helena C Chui
- Department of Neurology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - David G Clark
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
- Department of Neurology, Ralph H. Johnson VA Medical Center, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - David H Cribbs
- Department of Neurology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Crocco
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Charles DeCarli
- Department of Neurology, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Malcolm Dick
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Ranjan Duara
- Wien Center for Alzheimer's Disease and Memory Disorders, Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami Beach, Florida, USA
| | - Denis A Evans
- Rush Institute for Healthy Aging, Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Kelley M Faber
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Kenneth B Fallon
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - David W Fardo
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, Department of Biostatistics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Martin R Farlow
- Department of Neurology, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Steven Ferris
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Tatiana M Foroud
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Douglas R Galasko
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Marla Gearing
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Emory Alzheimer's Disease Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Daniel H Geschwind
- Neurogenetics Program, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - John R Gilbert
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
- Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation, Department of Human Genetics, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Neill R Graff-Radford
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | - Robert C Green
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine and Partners Center for Personalized Genetic Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - John H Growdon
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ronald L Hamilton
- Department of Pathology (Neuropathology), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Lindy E Harrell
- Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Lawrence S Honig
- Taub Institute on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Matthew J Huentelman
- Neurogenomics Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | | | - Bradley T Hyman
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Gail P Jarvik
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Medicine (Medical Genetics), University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Erin Abner
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, College of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Lee-Way Jin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Gyungah Jun
- Department of Medicine (Genetics Program), Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Anna Karydas
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Jeffrey A Kaye
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health &Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
- Department of Neurology, Portland Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Ronald Kim
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Neil W Kowall
- Department of Neurology, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Pathology, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Joel H Kramer
- Department of Neuropsychology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Frank M LaFerla
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - James J Lah
- Department of Neurology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - James B Leverenz
- Cleveland Clinic Lou Ruvo Center for Brain Health, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Allan I Levey
- Department of Neurology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Ge Li
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
- VA Puget Sound Health Care System/GRECC, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Andrew P Lieberman
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Kathryn L Lunetta
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Daniel C Marson
- Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Frank Martiniuk
- Department of Medicine-Pulmonary, New York University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Deborah C Mash
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Eliezer Masliah
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Wayne C McCormick
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Susan M McCurry
- School of Nursing Northwest Research Group on Aging, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Andrew N McDavid
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Ann C McKee
- Department of Neurology, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Pathology, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Marsel Mesulam
- Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer's Disease Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Bruce L Miller
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Carol A Miller
- Department of Pathology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Joshua W Miller
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - John C Morris
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Department of Neurology, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Jill R Murrell
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Amanda J Myers
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Sid O'Bryant
- Internal Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas, USA
| | - John M Olichney
- Department of Neurology, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Vernon S Pankratz
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Joseph E Parisi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Henry L Paulson
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Michigan Alzheimer Disease Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - William Perry
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Elaine Peskind
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Aimee Pierce
- Department of Neurology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Wayne W Poon
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Huntington Potter
- Department of Neurology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Joseph F Quinn
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health &Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
- Department of Neurology, Portland Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Ashok Raj
- USF Health Byrd Alzheimer's Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Murray Raskind
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Barry Reisberg
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University, New York, New York, USA
- Alzheimer's Disease Center, New York University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Christiane Reitz
- Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - John M Ringman
- Department of Neurology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Erik D Roberson
- Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Ekaterina Rogaeva
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Howard J Rosen
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Roger N Rosenberg
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Mark A Sager
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Andrew J Saykin
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Julie A Schneider
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Department of Pathology (Neuropathology), Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Lon S Schneider
- Department of Neurology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - William W Seeley
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Amanda G Smith
- USF Health Byrd Alzheimer's Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Joshua A Sonnen
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Salvatore Spina
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Robert A Stern
- Department of Neurology, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Russell H Swerdlow
- University of Kansas Alzheimer's Disease Center, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | - Rudolph E Tanzi
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Tricia A Thornton-Wells
- Translational Medicine, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - John Q Trojanowski
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Juan C Troncoso
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Vivianna M Van Deerlin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Linda J Van Eldik
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Harry V Vinters
- Department of Neurology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Jean Paul Vonsattel
- Taub Institute on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Department of Pathology, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Sandra Weintraub
- Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer's Disease Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Kathleen A Welsh-Bohmer
- Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Kirk C Wilhelmsen
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jennifer Williamson
- Taub Institute on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Thomas S Wingo
- Department of Neurology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Randall L Woltjer
- Department of Pathology, Oregon Health &Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Clinton B Wright
- Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, Department of Neurology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Chang-En Yu
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Lei Yu
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Fabienne Garzia
- CEA/Institut de Génomique, Centre National de Génotypage, Evry, France
| | - Feroze Golamaully
- CEA/Institut de Génomique, Centre National de Génotypage, Evry, France
| | - Gislain Septier
- CEA/Institut de Génomique, Centre National de Génotypage, Evry, France
| | - Sebastien Engelborghs
- Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Department of Neurology and Memory Clinic, Hospital Network Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Rik Vandenberghe
- Department of Neurology and Memory Clinic, Hospital Network Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Laboratory for Cognitive Neurology, Department of Neurology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Peter P De Deyn
- Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Department of Neurology and Memory Clinic, Hospital Network Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Carmen Muñoz Fernadez
- Department of Immunology, Hospital Universitario Doctor Negrín, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Yoland Aladro Benito
- Department of Immunology, Hospital Universitario Doctor Negrín, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Hakan Thonberg
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Genetics Unit, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, KIADRC, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Charlotte Forsell
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Genetics Unit, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, KIADRC, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lena Lilius
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Genetics Unit, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, KIADRC, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anne Kinhult-Stählbom
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Genetics Unit, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, KIADRC, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lena Kilander
- Department of Public Health/Geriatrics, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - RoseMarie Brundin
- Department of Public Health/Geriatrics, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Letizia Concari
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
- Center for Cognitive Disorders AUSL, Parma, Italy
| | - Seppo Helisalmi
- Department of Neurology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
- Institute of Clinical Medicine/Neurology, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Anne Maria Koivisto
- Department of Neurology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
- Institute of Clinical Medicine/Neurology, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Annakaisa Haapasalo
- Department of Neurology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
- Institute of Clinical Medicine/Neurology, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Vincent Dermecourt
- CHU Lille, Memory Center of Lille (Centre Mémoire de Ressources et de Recherche), Lille, France
| | - Nathalie Fievet
- INSERM, U1167, RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Lille, France
- Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
- University Lille, U1167-Excellence Laboratory LabEx DISTALZ, Lille, France
- University Paris Descartes, EA 4468, AP-HP, Hôpital Broca, Geriatrics Department, Paris, France
| | - Olivier Hanon
- University Paris Descartes, EA 4468, AP-HP, Hôpital Broca, Geriatrics Department, Paris, France
| | - Carole Dufouil
- University of Bordeaux, Neuroepidemiology, Bordeaux, France
- INSERM, Neuroepidemiology, UMR 897, Bordeaux, France
| | - Alexis Brice
- INSERM U1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, UMRS 1127, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière, Paris, France
- AP-HP, Department of Genetics, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Karen Ritchie
- INSERM U1061, La Colombière Hospital, Montpellier, France
| | - Bruno Dubois
- Institut de la Mémoire et de la Maladie d'Alzheimer (IM2A), Département de Neurologie, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, AP-HP, Paris, France
- Institut des Neurosciences Translationnelles de Paris (IHU-A-ICM), Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière (ICM), Paris, France
- INSERM, CNRS, UMRS 975, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière (ICM), Paris, France
- Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | | | - C Dirk Keene
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - JoAnn Tschanz
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Utah State University, Logan, Utah, USA
| | - Annette L Fitzpatrick
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Family Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Walter A Kukull
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Maria Norton
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Utah State University, Logan, Utah, USA
| | - Thor Aspelund
- Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur, Iceland
- Centre for Public Health, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Eric B Larson
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Group Health Research Institute, Group Health, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Ron Munger
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Utah State University, Logan, Utah, USA
| | - Jerome I Rotter
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Los Angeles BioMedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California, USA
| | - Richard B Lipton
- Department of Neurology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - María J Bullido
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital la Paz (IdiPAZ), Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Albert Hofman
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Thomas J Montine
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Eliecer Coto
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory-Hospital, University of Central Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Eric Boerwinkle
- School of Public Health, Human Genetics Center, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | | | - Victoria Alvarez
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory-Hospital, University of Central Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Fernando Rivadeneira
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Netherlands Consortium on Health Aging and National Genomics Initiative, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Eric M Reiman
- Neurogenomics Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
- Arizona Alzheimer's Consortium, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
- Banner Alzheimer's Institute, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Arizona, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Maura Gallo
- Regional Neurogenetic Centre (CRN), ASP Catanzaro, Lamezia Terme, Italy
| | | | - Joan S Reisch
- Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | | | - Donald R Royall
- Departments of Psychiatry, Medicine, and Family and Community Medicine and South Texas Veterans Health Administration Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Martin Dichgans
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany
| | - Mary Sano
- Department of Psychiatry, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Daniela Galimberti
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Fondazione Ca' Granda, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Peter St George-Hyslop
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Elio Scarpini
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Fondazione Ca' Granda, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Debby W Tsuang
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
- VA Puget Sound Health Care System/GRECC, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Michelangelo Mancuso
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Neurological Institute, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Ubaldo Bonuccelli
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Neurological Institute, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Ashley R Winslow
- PharmaTherapeutics Clinical Research, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Antonio Daniele
- Institute of Neurology, Catholic University of Sacred Hearth, Rome, Italy
| | - Chuang-Kuo Wu
- Departments of Neurology, Pharmacology, and Neuroscience, Texas Tech University Health Science Center, Lubbock, Texas, USA
| | - Oliver Peters
- Department of Psychiatry, Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Benedetta Nacmias
- NEUROFARBA (Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health), University of Florence, Florence, Italy
- IRCCS 'Don Carlo Gnocchi', Florence, Italy
| | | | - Reinhard Heun
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Carol Brayne
- Institute of Public Health, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - David C Rubinsztein
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jose Bras
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL, Institute of Neurology, London, UK
- Department of Medical Sciences, Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Rita Guerreiro
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL, Institute of Neurology, London, UK
- Department of Medical Sciences, Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Ammar Al-Chalabi
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Christopher E Shaw
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - John Collinge
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, MRC Prion Unit, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - David Mann
- Institute of Brain, Behaviour and Mental Health, Clinical and Cognitive Neuroscience Research Group, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Magda Tsolaki
- 3rd Department of Neurology, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Jordi Clarimón
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Memory Unit, Neurology Department and Sant Pau Biomedical Research Institute, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rebecca Sussams
- Division of Clinical Neurosciences, School of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | | | - Michael C O'Donovan
- Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Michael J Owen
- Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Timothy W Behrens
- Immunology Biomarkers Group, Genentech, South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Simon Mead
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, MRC Prion Unit, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Alison M Goate
- Department of Neuroscience, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Andre G Uitterlinden
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, MRC Prion Unit, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Fondazione Ca' Granda, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Clive Holmes
- VA Puget Sound Health Care System/GRECC, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Carlos Cruchaga
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Hope Center Program on Protein Aggregation and Neurodegeneration, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Martin Ingelsson
- Department of Public Health/Geriatrics, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - David A Bennett
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - John Powell
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Todd E Golde
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
- Florida Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Caroline Graff
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, KIADRC, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Philip L De Jager
- Center for Translational and Systems Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Kevin Morgan
- Institute of Genetics, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Nilufer Ertekin-Taner
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | - Onofre Combarros
- Neurology Service and CIBERNED, 'Marqués de Valdecilla' University Hospital (University of Cantabria and IFIMAV), Santander, Spain
| | - Bruce M Psaty
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Health Services, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Peter Passmore
- Centre for Public Health, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University, Belfast, UK
| | - Steven G Younkin
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | - Claudine Berr
- Institut de la Mémoire et de la Maladie d'Alzheimer (IM2A), Département de Neurologie, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, AP-HP, Paris, France
- Memory Research and Resources Center, CMRR of Montpellier, Department of Neurology, Hospital Gui de Chauliac, Montpellier, France
- Department of Neurology, Montpellier University, Montpellier, France
| | - Vilmundur Gudnason
- Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Dan Rujescu
- Department of Psychiatry, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Dennis W Dickson
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | | | - Anita L DeStefano
- Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sara Ortega-Cubero
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Neurogenetics Laboratory, Division of Neurosciences, Centre for Applied Medical Research, University of Navarra School of Medicine, Pamplona, Spain
- Department of Neurology, Complejo Asistencial Universitario de Palencia, Palencia, Spain
| | - Hakon Hakonarson
- Center for Applied Genomics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Dominique Campion
- Centre Hospitalier du Rouvray, Sotteville les Rouen, France
- INSERM U1079, Rouen University, IRIB, Normandy University, Rouen, France
| | - Merce Boada
- Research Center and Memory Clinic of Fundació ACE, Institut Català de Neurociències Aplicades, Barcelona, Spain
| | - John Keoni Kauwe
- Departments of Biology and Neuroscience, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, USA
| | - Lindsay A Farrer
- Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Medicine (Genetics Program), Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Neurology, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Christine Van Broeckhoven
- Neurodegenerative Brain Diseases Group, Department of Molecular Genetics, VIB, Antwerp, Belgium
- Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - M Arfan Ikram
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Neurology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Lesley Jones
- Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Jonathan L Haines
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Christophe Tzourio
- INSERM U1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, UMRS 1127, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière, Paris, France
- University of Bordeaux, Neuroepidemiology, UMR 897, Bordeaux, France
| | - Lenore J Launer
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Valentina Escott-Price
- Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Richard Mayeux
- Taub Institute on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
- Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | | | - Najaf Amin
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Peter A Holmans
- Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Margaret A Pericak-Vance
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
- Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation, Department of Human Genetics, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Philippe Amouyel
- INSERM, U1167, RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Lille, France
- Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
- University Lille, U1167-Excellence Laboratory LabEx DISTALZ, Lille, France
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lille, Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Lille, France
| | | | - Alfredo Ramirez
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Li-San Wang
- Penn Neurodegeneration Genomics Center, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jean-Charles Lambert
- INSERM, U1167, RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Lille, France
- Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
- University Lille, U1167-Excellence Laboratory LabEx DISTALZ, Lille, France
| | - Sudha Seshadri
- Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Julie Williams
- Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Gerard D Schellenberg
- Penn Neurodegeneration Genomics Center, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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9
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Carrasquillo MM, Allen M, Burgess JD, Wang X, Strickland SL, Aryal S, Siuda J, Kachadoorian ML, Medway C, Younkin CS, Nair A, Wang C, Chanana P, Serie D, Nguyen T, Lincoln S, Malphrus KG, Morgan K, Golde TE, Price ND, White CC, De Jager PL, Bennett DA, Asmann YW, Crook JE, Petersen RC, Graff-Radford NR, Dickson DW, Younkin SG, Ertekin-Taner N. A candidate regulatory variant at the TREM gene cluster associates with decreased Alzheimer's disease risk and increased TREML1 and TREM2 brain gene expression. Alzheimers Dement 2016; 13:663-673. [PMID: 27939925 DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2016.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2016] [Revised: 10/15/2016] [Accepted: 10/23/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION We hypothesized that common Alzheimer's disease (AD)-associated variants within the triggering receptor expressed on myeloid (TREM) gene cluster influence disease through gene expression. METHODS Expression microarrays on temporal cortex and cerebellum from ∼400 neuropathologically diagnosed subjects and two independent RNAseq replication cohorts were used for expression quantitative trait locus analysis. RESULTS A variant within a DNase hypersensitive site 5' of TREM2, rs9357347-C, associates with reduced AD risk and increased TREML1 and TREM2 levels (uncorrected P = 6.3 × 10-3 and 4.6 × 10-2, respectively). Meta-analysis on expression quantitative trait locus results from three independent data sets (n = 1006) confirmed these associations (uncorrected P = 3.4 × 10-2 and 3.5 × 10-3, Bonferroni-corrected P = 6.7 × 10-2 and 7.1 × 10-3, respectively). DISCUSSION Our findings point to rs9357347 as a functional regulatory variant that contributes to a protective effect observed at the TREM locus in the International Genomics of Alzheimer's Project genome-wide association study meta-analysis and suggest concomitant increase in TREML1 and TREM2 brain levels as a potential mechanism for protection from AD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mariet Allen
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Jeremy D Burgess
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Xue Wang
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | | | - Shivani Aryal
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Joanna Siuda
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | | | - Christopher Medway
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL, USA; Human Genetics Group, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Curtis S Younkin
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Asha Nair
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Chen Wang
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Pritha Chanana
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Daniel Serie
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Thuy Nguyen
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Sarah Lincoln
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | | | - Kevin Morgan
- Human Genetics Group, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Todd E Golde
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | | | - Charles C White
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Philip L De Jager
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA; Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - David A Bennett
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Yan W Asmann
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Julia E Crook
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | | | | | - Dennis W Dickson
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Steven G Younkin
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Nilüfer Ertekin-Taner
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL, USA; Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL, USA.
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10
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Barber IS, Braae A, Clement N, Patel T, Guetta-Baranes T, Brookes K, Medway C, Chappell S, Guerreiro R, Bras J, Hernandez D, Singleton A, Hardy J, Mann DM, Morgan K. Mutation analysis of sporadic early-onset Alzheimer's disease using the NeuroX array. Neurobiol Aging 2016; 49:215.e1-215.e8. [PMID: 27776828 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2016.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2016] [Revised: 08/19/2016] [Accepted: 09/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
We have screened sporadic early-onset Alzheimer's disease (sEOAD, n = 408) samples using the NeuroX array for known causative and predicted pathogenic variants in 16 genes linked to familial forms of neurodegeneration. We found 2 sEOAD individuals harboring a known causative variant in PARK2 known to cause early-onset Parkinson's disease; p.T240M (n = 1) and p.Q34fs delAG (n = 1). In addition, we identified 3 sEOAD individuals harboring a predicted pathogenic variant in MAPT (p.A469T), which has previously been associated with AD. It is currently unknown if these variants affect susceptibility to sEOAD, further studies would be needed to establish this. This work highlights the need to screen sEOAD individuals for variants that are more classically attributed to other forms of neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imelda S Barber
- School of Life Sciences, Queens Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.
| | - Anne Braae
- School of Life Sciences, Queens Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Naomi Clement
- School of Life Sciences, Queens Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Tulsi Patel
- School of Life Sciences, Queens Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Tamar Guetta-Baranes
- School of Life Sciences, Queens Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Keeley Brookes
- School of Life Sciences, Queens Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Christopher Medway
- School of Life Sciences, Queens Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Sally Chappell
- School of Life Sciences, Queens Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Rita Guerreiro
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Jose Bras
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Dena Hernandez
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Andrew Singleton
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - John Hardy
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - David M Mann
- Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, Institute of Brain, Behaviour and Mental Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | | | - Kevin Morgan
- School of Life Sciences, Queens Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
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11
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Brookes KJ, Patel T, Zapata-Erazo G, Barber I, Braae A, Guetta-Baranes T, Clement NS, Medway C, Chappell S, Morgan K. P2‐065: Identifying Polymorphisms in The Alzheimer’s Related
APP
Gene Using The Oxford Nanopore Minion Sequencer. Alzheimers Dement 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2016.06.1270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Tulsi Patel
- University of NottinghamNottinghamUnited Kingdom
| | | | | | - Anne Braae
- University of NottinghamNottinghamUnited Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | | - Kevin Morgan
- University of NottinghamNottinghamUnited Kingdom
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12
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Carrasquillo MM, Allen M, Burgess JD, Strickland SL, Aryal S, Siuda J, Kachadoorian M, Medway C, Younkin CS, Nair A, Chanana P, Wang X, Serie D, Nguyen T, Lincoln S, Malphrus KG, Morgan K, Golde TE, Price ND, White C, Jager P, Bennett DA, Asmann YW, Crook JE, Dickson DW, Younkin SG, Ertekin-Taner N. O2‐10‐04: A Regulatory Variant at the
TREM
Gene Cluster Associates with Decreased Alzheimer’s Disease Risk and Increased
TREML1
and
TREM2
Brain Gene Expression. Alzheimers Dement 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2016.06.451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Christopher Medway
- Mayo Clinic JacksonvilleFL USA
- University of NottinghamNottingham United Kingdom
| | | | - Asha Nair
- Mayo Clinic Minnesota RochesterMN USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Kevin Morgan
- University of NottinghamNottingham United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | - Philip Jager
- Brigham and Women’s HospitalBostonMA USA
- Broad InstituteCambridgeMA USA
- Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMA USA
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13
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Sassi C, Ridge PG, Nalls MA, Gibbs R, Ding J, Lupton MK, Troakes C, Lunnon K, Al-Sarraj S, Brown KS, Medway C, Lord J, Turton J, Morgan K, Powell JF, Kauwe JS, Cruchaga C, Bras J, Goate AM, Singleton AB, Guerreiro R, Hardy J. Influence of Coding Variability in APP-Aβ Metabolism Genes in Sporadic Alzheimer's Disease. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0150079. [PMID: 27249223 PMCID: PMC4889076 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0150079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2015] [Accepted: 02/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The cerebral deposition of Aβ42, a neurotoxic proteolytic derivate of amyloid precursor protein (APP), is a central event in Alzheimer's disease (AD)(Amyloid hypothesis). Given the key role of APP-Aβ metabolism in AD pathogenesis, we selected 29 genes involved in APP processing, Aβ degradation and clearance. We then used exome and genome sequencing to investigate the single independent (single-variant association test) and cumulative (gene-based association test) effect of coding variants in these genes as potential susceptibility factors for AD, in a cohort composed of 332 sporadic and mainly late-onset AD cases and 676 elderly controls from North America and the UK. Our study shows that common coding variability in these genes does not play a major role for the disease development. In the single-variant association analysis, the main hits, none of which statistically significant after multiple testing correction (1.9e-4
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Affiliation(s)
- Celeste Sassi
- Reta Lila, Weston Research Laboratories, Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
- Department of Experimental Neurology, Center for Stroke Research Berlin (CSB), Charite’ Universitätmedizin, Berlin, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Berlin site, Germany
| | - Perry G. Ridge
- Departments of Biology, Neuroscience, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, United States of America
| | - Michael A. Nalls
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Raphael Gibbs
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Jinhui Ding
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Michelle K. Lupton
- King's College London Institute of Psychiatry, London, United Kingdom
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Claire Troakes
- King's College London Institute of Psychiatry, London, United Kingdom
| | - Katie Lunnon
- King's College London Institute of Psychiatry, London, United Kingdom
| | - Safa Al-Sarraj
- King's College London Institute of Psychiatry, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kristelle S. Brown
- Translation Cell Sciences-Human Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Queens Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher Medway
- Translation Cell Sciences-Human Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Queens Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Jenny Lord
- Translation Cell Sciences-Human Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Queens Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - James Turton
- Translation Cell Sciences-Human Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Queens Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | | | - Kevin Morgan
- Translation Cell Sciences-Human Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Queens Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - John F. Powell
- King's College London Institute of Psychiatry, London, United Kingdom
| | - John S. Kauwe
- Departments of Biology, Neuroscience, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, United States of America
| | - Carlos Cruchaga
- Washington University, Division of Biology and Biomedical Sciences St. Louis, MO, United States of America
| | - Jose Bras
- Reta Lila, Weston Research Laboratories, Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alison M. Goate
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Icahn Medical Institute, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Andrew B. Singleton
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Rita Guerreiro
- Reta Lila, Weston Research Laboratories, Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom
| | - John Hardy
- Reta Lila, Weston Research Laboratories, Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom
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14
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Sassi C, Nalls MA, Ridge PG, Gibbs JR, Ding J, Lupton MK, Troakes C, Lunnon K, Al-Sarraj S, Brown KS, Medway C, Clement N, Lord J, Turton J, Bras J, Almeida MR, Holstege H, Louwersheimer E, van der Flier WM, Scheltens P, Van Swieten JC, Santana I, Oliveira C, Morgan K, Powell JF, Kauwe JS, Cruchaga C, Goate AM, Singleton AB, Guerreiro R, Hardy J. ABCA7 p.G215S as potential protective factor for Alzheimer's disease. Neurobiol Aging 2016; 46:235.e1-9. [PMID: 27289440 PMCID: PMC5024078 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2016.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2016] [Revised: 03/23/2016] [Accepted: 04/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have been effective approaches to dissect common genetic variability underlying complex diseases in a systematic and unbiased way. Recently, GWASs have led to the discovery of over 20 susceptibility loci for Alzheimer's disease (AD). Despite the evidence showing the contribution of these loci to AD pathogenesis, their genetic architecture has not been extensively investigated, leaving the possibility that low frequency and rare coding variants may also occur and contribute to the risk of disease. We have used exome and genome sequencing data to analyze the single independent and joint effect of rare and low-frequency protein coding variants in 9 AD GWAS loci with the strongest effect sizes after APOE (BIN1, CLU, CR1, PICALM, MS4A6A, ABCA7, EPHA1, CD33, and CD2AP) in a cohort of 332 sporadic AD cases and 676 elderly controls of British and North-American ancestry. We identified coding variability in ABCA7 as contributing to AD risk. This locus harbors a low-frequency coding variant (p.G215S, rs72973581, minor allele frequency = 4.3%) conferring a modest but statistically significant protection against AD (p-value = 0.024, odds ratio = 0.57, 95% confidence interval = 0.41–0.80). Notably, our results are not driven by an enrichment of loss of function variants in ABCA7, recently reported as main pathogenic factor underlying AD risk at this locus. In summary, our study confirms the role of ABCA7 in AD and provides new insights that should address functional studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celeste Sassi
- Reta Lila, Weston Research Laboratories, Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK; Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA; Department of Experimental Neurology, Center for Stroke Research Berlin (CSB), Charite' Universitätmedizin, Berlin, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Berlin site, Germany
| | - Michael A Nalls
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Perry G Ridge
- Department of Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
| | - Jesse R Gibbs
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jinhui Ding
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Michelle K Lupton
- King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, London, UK; QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Claire Troakes
- King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, London, UK
| | - Katie Lunnon
- King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, London, UK; Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, Devon, UK
| | - Safa Al-Sarraj
- King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, London, UK
| | - Kristelle S Brown
- Translation Cell Sciences-Human Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Queens Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Christopher Medway
- Translation Cell Sciences-Human Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Queens Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Naomi Clement
- Translation Cell Sciences-Human Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Queens Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Jenny Lord
- Translation Cell Sciences-Human Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Queens Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - James Turton
- Translation Cell Sciences-Human Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Queens Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Jose Bras
- Reta Lila, Weston Research Laboratories, Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Maria R Almeida
- Neurogenetics Laboratory, Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Henne Holstege
- Department of Neurology, Alzheimer Center, VU University Medical Center, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Eva Louwersheimer
- Department of Neurology, Alzheimer Center, VU University Medical Center, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Wiesje M van der Flier
- Department of Neurology, Alzheimer Center, VU University Medical Center, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Philip Scheltens
- Department of Neurology, Alzheimer Center, VU University Medical Center, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - John C Van Swieten
- Department of Neurology, Alzheimer Center, VU University Medical Center, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Isabel Santana
- Neurology Department, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; Faculty of Medicine, Coimbra University, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Catarina Oliveira
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Kevin Morgan
- Translation Cell Sciences-Human Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Queens Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - John F Powell
- King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, London, UK
| | - John S Kauwe
- Department of Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
| | - Carlos Cruchaga
- Division of Biology and Biomedical Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Alison M Goate
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Icahn Medical Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Andrew B Singleton
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Rita Guerreiro
- Reta Lila, Weston Research Laboratories, Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - John Hardy
- Reta Lila, Weston Research Laboratories, Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK.
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15
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Barber IS, García-Cárdenas JM, Sakdapanichkul C, Deacon C, Zapata Erazo G, Guerreiro R, Bras J, Hernandez D, Singleton A, Guetta-Baranes T, Braae A, Clement N, Patel T, Brookes K, Medway C, Chappell S, Mann DM, Morgan K. Screening exons 16 and 17 of the amyloid precursor protein gene in sporadic early-onset Alzheimer's disease. Neurobiol Aging 2016; 39:220.e1-7. [PMID: 26803359 PMCID: PMC5155438 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2015.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2015] [Revised: 11/03/2015] [Accepted: 12/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Early-onset Alzheimer's disease (EOAD) can be familial (FAD) or sporadic EOAD (sEOAD); both have a disease onset ≤65 years of age. A total of 451 sEOAD samples were screened for known causative mutations in exons 16 and 17 of the amyloid precursor protein (APP) gene. Four samples were shown to be heterozygous for 1 of 3 known causative mutations: p.A713T, p.V717I, and p.V717G; this highlights the importance of screening EOAD patients for causative mutations. Additionally, we document an intronic 6 base pair (bp) deletion located 83 bp downstream of exon 17 (rs367709245, IVS17 83-88delAAGTAT), which has a nonsignificantly increased minor allele frequency in our sEOAD cohort (0.006) compared to LOAD (0.002) and controls (0.002). To assess the effect of the 6-bp deletion on splicing, COS-7 and BE(2)-C cells were transfected with a minigene vector encompassing exon 17. There was no change in splicing of exon 17 from constructs containing either wild type or deletion inserts. Sequencing of cDNA generated from cerebellum and temporal cortex of a patient harboring the deletion found no evidence of transcripts with exon 17 removed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imelda S Barber
- Schools of Life Sciences and Medicine, Human Genetics, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | | | | | - Christopher Deacon
- Schools of Life Sciences and Medicine, Human Genetics, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Gabriela Zapata Erazo
- Schools of Life Sciences and Medicine, Human Genetics, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Rita Guerreiro
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Jose Bras
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Dena Hernandez
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Andrew Singleton
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Tamar Guetta-Baranes
- Schools of Life Sciences and Medicine, Human Genetics, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Anne Braae
- Schools of Life Sciences and Medicine, Human Genetics, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Naomi Clement
- Schools of Life Sciences and Medicine, Human Genetics, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Tulsi Patel
- Schools of Life Sciences and Medicine, Human Genetics, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Keeley Brookes
- Schools of Life Sciences and Medicine, Human Genetics, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Christopher Medway
- Schools of Life Sciences and Medicine, Human Genetics, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Sally Chappell
- Schools of Life Sciences and Medicine, Human Genetics, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - David M Mann
- Clinical and Cognitive Sciences Research Group, Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, Institute of Brain, Behaviour and Mental Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Kevin Morgan
- Schools of Life Sciences and Medicine, Human Genetics, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.
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16
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Allen M, Kachadoorian M, Carrasquillo MM, Karhade A, Manly L, Burgess JD, Wang C, Serie D, Wang X, Siuda J, Zou F, Chai HS, Younkin C, Crook J, Medway C, Nguyen T, Ma L, Malphrus K, Lincoln S, Petersen RC, Graff-Radford NR, Asmann YW, Dickson DW, Younkin SG, Ertekin-Taner N. Late-onset Alzheimer disease risk variants mark brain regulatory loci. Neurol Genet 2015; 1:e15. [PMID: 27066552 PMCID: PMC4807909 DOI: 10.1212/nxg.0000000000000012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2015] [Accepted: 06/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the top late-onset Alzheimer disease (LOAD) risk loci detected or confirmed by the International Genomics of Alzheimer's Project for association with brain gene expression levels to identify variants that influence Alzheimer disease (AD) risk through gene expression regulation. Methods: Expression levels from the cerebellum (CER) and temporal cortex (TCX) were obtained using Illumina whole-genome cDNA-mediated annealing, selection, extension, and ligation assay (WG-DASL) for ∼400 autopsied patients (∼200 with AD and ∼200 with non-AD pathologies). We tested 12 significant LOAD genome-wide association study (GWAS) index single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) for cis association with levels of 34 genes within ±100 kb. We also evaluated brain levels of 14 LOAD GWAS candidate genes for association with 1,899 cis-SNPs. Significant associations were validated in a subset of TCX samples using next-generation RNA sequencing (RNAseq). Results: We identified strong associations of brain CR1, HLA-DRB1, and PILRB levels with LOAD GWAS index SNPs. We also detected other strong cis-SNPs for LOAD candidate genes MEF2C, ZCWPW1, and SLC24A4. MEF2C and SLC24A4, but not ZCWPW1 cis-SNPs, also associate with LOAD risk, independent of the index SNPs. The TCX expression associations could be validated with RNAseq for CR1, HLA-DRB1, ZCWPW1, and SLC24A4. Conclusions: Our results suggest that some LOAD GWAS variants mark brain regulatory loci, nominate genes under regulation by LOAD risk variants, and annotate these variants for their brain regulatory effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariet Allen
- Department of Neuroscience (M.A., M.K., M.M.C., A.K., L. Manly, J.D.B., J.S., F.Z., C.Y., C.M., T.N., L. Ma, K.M., S.L., D.W.D., S.G.Y., N.E.-T.), Department of Neurology (N.R.G.-R., N.E.-T.), and Health Sciences Research (D.S., X.W., J.C., Y.W.A.), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL; Department of Neurology (R.C.P.) and Health Sciences Research (C.W., H.S.C.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; and Department of Neurology (J.S.), Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Michaela Kachadoorian
- Department of Neuroscience (M.A., M.K., M.M.C., A.K., L. Manly, J.D.B., J.S., F.Z., C.Y., C.M., T.N., L. Ma, K.M., S.L., D.W.D., S.G.Y., N.E.-T.), Department of Neurology (N.R.G.-R., N.E.-T.), and Health Sciences Research (D.S., X.W., J.C., Y.W.A.), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL; Department of Neurology (R.C.P.) and Health Sciences Research (C.W., H.S.C.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; and Department of Neurology (J.S.), Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Minerva M Carrasquillo
- Department of Neuroscience (M.A., M.K., M.M.C., A.K., L. Manly, J.D.B., J.S., F.Z., C.Y., C.M., T.N., L. Ma, K.M., S.L., D.W.D., S.G.Y., N.E.-T.), Department of Neurology (N.R.G.-R., N.E.-T.), and Health Sciences Research (D.S., X.W., J.C., Y.W.A.), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL; Department of Neurology (R.C.P.) and Health Sciences Research (C.W., H.S.C.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; and Department of Neurology (J.S.), Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Aditya Karhade
- Department of Neuroscience (M.A., M.K., M.M.C., A.K., L. Manly, J.D.B., J.S., F.Z., C.Y., C.M., T.N., L. Ma, K.M., S.L., D.W.D., S.G.Y., N.E.-T.), Department of Neurology (N.R.G.-R., N.E.-T.), and Health Sciences Research (D.S., X.W., J.C., Y.W.A.), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL; Department of Neurology (R.C.P.) and Health Sciences Research (C.W., H.S.C.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; and Department of Neurology (J.S.), Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Lester Manly
- Department of Neuroscience (M.A., M.K., M.M.C., A.K., L. Manly, J.D.B., J.S., F.Z., C.Y., C.M., T.N., L. Ma, K.M., S.L., D.W.D., S.G.Y., N.E.-T.), Department of Neurology (N.R.G.-R., N.E.-T.), and Health Sciences Research (D.S., X.W., J.C., Y.W.A.), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL; Department of Neurology (R.C.P.) and Health Sciences Research (C.W., H.S.C.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; and Department of Neurology (J.S.), Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Jeremy D Burgess
- Department of Neuroscience (M.A., M.K., M.M.C., A.K., L. Manly, J.D.B., J.S., F.Z., C.Y., C.M., T.N., L. Ma, K.M., S.L., D.W.D., S.G.Y., N.E.-T.), Department of Neurology (N.R.G.-R., N.E.-T.), and Health Sciences Research (D.S., X.W., J.C., Y.W.A.), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL; Department of Neurology (R.C.P.) and Health Sciences Research (C.W., H.S.C.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; and Department of Neurology (J.S.), Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Chen Wang
- Department of Neuroscience (M.A., M.K., M.M.C., A.K., L. Manly, J.D.B., J.S., F.Z., C.Y., C.M., T.N., L. Ma, K.M., S.L., D.W.D., S.G.Y., N.E.-T.), Department of Neurology (N.R.G.-R., N.E.-T.), and Health Sciences Research (D.S., X.W., J.C., Y.W.A.), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL; Department of Neurology (R.C.P.) and Health Sciences Research (C.W., H.S.C.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; and Department of Neurology (J.S.), Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Daniel Serie
- Department of Neuroscience (M.A., M.K., M.M.C., A.K., L. Manly, J.D.B., J.S., F.Z., C.Y., C.M., T.N., L. Ma, K.M., S.L., D.W.D., S.G.Y., N.E.-T.), Department of Neurology (N.R.G.-R., N.E.-T.), and Health Sciences Research (D.S., X.W., J.C., Y.W.A.), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL; Department of Neurology (R.C.P.) and Health Sciences Research (C.W., H.S.C.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; and Department of Neurology (J.S.), Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Xue Wang
- Department of Neuroscience (M.A., M.K., M.M.C., A.K., L. Manly, J.D.B., J.S., F.Z., C.Y., C.M., T.N., L. Ma, K.M., S.L., D.W.D., S.G.Y., N.E.-T.), Department of Neurology (N.R.G.-R., N.E.-T.), and Health Sciences Research (D.S., X.W., J.C., Y.W.A.), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL; Department of Neurology (R.C.P.) and Health Sciences Research (C.W., H.S.C.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; and Department of Neurology (J.S.), Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Joanna Siuda
- Department of Neuroscience (M.A., M.K., M.M.C., A.K., L. Manly, J.D.B., J.S., F.Z., C.Y., C.M., T.N., L. Ma, K.M., S.L., D.W.D., S.G.Y., N.E.-T.), Department of Neurology (N.R.G.-R., N.E.-T.), and Health Sciences Research (D.S., X.W., J.C., Y.W.A.), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL; Department of Neurology (R.C.P.) and Health Sciences Research (C.W., H.S.C.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; and Department of Neurology (J.S.), Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Fanggeng Zou
- Department of Neuroscience (M.A., M.K., M.M.C., A.K., L. Manly, J.D.B., J.S., F.Z., C.Y., C.M., T.N., L. Ma, K.M., S.L., D.W.D., S.G.Y., N.E.-T.), Department of Neurology (N.R.G.-R., N.E.-T.), and Health Sciences Research (D.S., X.W., J.C., Y.W.A.), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL; Department of Neurology (R.C.P.) and Health Sciences Research (C.W., H.S.C.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; and Department of Neurology (J.S.), Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - High Seng Chai
- Department of Neuroscience (M.A., M.K., M.M.C., A.K., L. Manly, J.D.B., J.S., F.Z., C.Y., C.M., T.N., L. Ma, K.M., S.L., D.W.D., S.G.Y., N.E.-T.), Department of Neurology (N.R.G.-R., N.E.-T.), and Health Sciences Research (D.S., X.W., J.C., Y.W.A.), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL; Department of Neurology (R.C.P.) and Health Sciences Research (C.W., H.S.C.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; and Department of Neurology (J.S.), Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Curtis Younkin
- Department of Neuroscience (M.A., M.K., M.M.C., A.K., L. Manly, J.D.B., J.S., F.Z., C.Y., C.M., T.N., L. Ma, K.M., S.L., D.W.D., S.G.Y., N.E.-T.), Department of Neurology (N.R.G.-R., N.E.-T.), and Health Sciences Research (D.S., X.W., J.C., Y.W.A.), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL; Department of Neurology (R.C.P.) and Health Sciences Research (C.W., H.S.C.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; and Department of Neurology (J.S.), Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Julia Crook
- Department of Neuroscience (M.A., M.K., M.M.C., A.K., L. Manly, J.D.B., J.S., F.Z., C.Y., C.M., T.N., L. Ma, K.M., S.L., D.W.D., S.G.Y., N.E.-T.), Department of Neurology (N.R.G.-R., N.E.-T.), and Health Sciences Research (D.S., X.W., J.C., Y.W.A.), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL; Department of Neurology (R.C.P.) and Health Sciences Research (C.W., H.S.C.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; and Department of Neurology (J.S.), Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Christopher Medway
- Department of Neuroscience (M.A., M.K., M.M.C., A.K., L. Manly, J.D.B., J.S., F.Z., C.Y., C.M., T.N., L. Ma, K.M., S.L., D.W.D., S.G.Y., N.E.-T.), Department of Neurology (N.R.G.-R., N.E.-T.), and Health Sciences Research (D.S., X.W., J.C., Y.W.A.), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL; Department of Neurology (R.C.P.) and Health Sciences Research (C.W., H.S.C.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; and Department of Neurology (J.S.), Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Thuy Nguyen
- Department of Neuroscience (M.A., M.K., M.M.C., A.K., L. Manly, J.D.B., J.S., F.Z., C.Y., C.M., T.N., L. Ma, K.M., S.L., D.W.D., S.G.Y., N.E.-T.), Department of Neurology (N.R.G.-R., N.E.-T.), and Health Sciences Research (D.S., X.W., J.C., Y.W.A.), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL; Department of Neurology (R.C.P.) and Health Sciences Research (C.W., H.S.C.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; and Department of Neurology (J.S.), Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Li Ma
- Department of Neuroscience (M.A., M.K., M.M.C., A.K., L. Manly, J.D.B., J.S., F.Z., C.Y., C.M., T.N., L. Ma, K.M., S.L., D.W.D., S.G.Y., N.E.-T.), Department of Neurology (N.R.G.-R., N.E.-T.), and Health Sciences Research (D.S., X.W., J.C., Y.W.A.), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL; Department of Neurology (R.C.P.) and Health Sciences Research (C.W., H.S.C.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; and Department of Neurology (J.S.), Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Kimberly Malphrus
- Department of Neuroscience (M.A., M.K., M.M.C., A.K., L. Manly, J.D.B., J.S., F.Z., C.Y., C.M., T.N., L. Ma, K.M., S.L., D.W.D., S.G.Y., N.E.-T.), Department of Neurology (N.R.G.-R., N.E.-T.), and Health Sciences Research (D.S., X.W., J.C., Y.W.A.), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL; Department of Neurology (R.C.P.) and Health Sciences Research (C.W., H.S.C.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; and Department of Neurology (J.S.), Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Sarah Lincoln
- Department of Neuroscience (M.A., M.K., M.M.C., A.K., L. Manly, J.D.B., J.S., F.Z., C.Y., C.M., T.N., L. Ma, K.M., S.L., D.W.D., S.G.Y., N.E.-T.), Department of Neurology (N.R.G.-R., N.E.-T.), and Health Sciences Research (D.S., X.W., J.C., Y.W.A.), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL; Department of Neurology (R.C.P.) and Health Sciences Research (C.W., H.S.C.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; and Department of Neurology (J.S.), Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Ronald C Petersen
- Department of Neuroscience (M.A., M.K., M.M.C., A.K., L. Manly, J.D.B., J.S., F.Z., C.Y., C.M., T.N., L. Ma, K.M., S.L., D.W.D., S.G.Y., N.E.-T.), Department of Neurology (N.R.G.-R., N.E.-T.), and Health Sciences Research (D.S., X.W., J.C., Y.W.A.), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL; Department of Neurology (R.C.P.) and Health Sciences Research (C.W., H.S.C.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; and Department of Neurology (J.S.), Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Neill R Graff-Radford
- Department of Neuroscience (M.A., M.K., M.M.C., A.K., L. Manly, J.D.B., J.S., F.Z., C.Y., C.M., T.N., L. Ma, K.M., S.L., D.W.D., S.G.Y., N.E.-T.), Department of Neurology (N.R.G.-R., N.E.-T.), and Health Sciences Research (D.S., X.W., J.C., Y.W.A.), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL; Department of Neurology (R.C.P.) and Health Sciences Research (C.W., H.S.C.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; and Department of Neurology (J.S.), Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Yan W Asmann
- Department of Neuroscience (M.A., M.K., M.M.C., A.K., L. Manly, J.D.B., J.S., F.Z., C.Y., C.M., T.N., L. Ma, K.M., S.L., D.W.D., S.G.Y., N.E.-T.), Department of Neurology (N.R.G.-R., N.E.-T.), and Health Sciences Research (D.S., X.W., J.C., Y.W.A.), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL; Department of Neurology (R.C.P.) and Health Sciences Research (C.W., H.S.C.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; and Department of Neurology (J.S.), Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Dennis W Dickson
- Department of Neuroscience (M.A., M.K., M.M.C., A.K., L. Manly, J.D.B., J.S., F.Z., C.Y., C.M., T.N., L. Ma, K.M., S.L., D.W.D., S.G.Y., N.E.-T.), Department of Neurology (N.R.G.-R., N.E.-T.), and Health Sciences Research (D.S., X.W., J.C., Y.W.A.), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL; Department of Neurology (R.C.P.) and Health Sciences Research (C.W., H.S.C.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; and Department of Neurology (J.S.), Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Steven G Younkin
- Department of Neuroscience (M.A., M.K., M.M.C., A.K., L. Manly, J.D.B., J.S., F.Z., C.Y., C.M., T.N., L. Ma, K.M., S.L., D.W.D., S.G.Y., N.E.-T.), Department of Neurology (N.R.G.-R., N.E.-T.), and Health Sciences Research (D.S., X.W., J.C., Y.W.A.), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL; Department of Neurology (R.C.P.) and Health Sciences Research (C.W., H.S.C.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; and Department of Neurology (J.S.), Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Nilüfer Ertekin-Taner
- Department of Neuroscience (M.A., M.K., M.M.C., A.K., L. Manly, J.D.B., J.S., F.Z., C.Y., C.M., T.N., L. Ma, K.M., S.L., D.W.D., S.G.Y., N.E.-T.), Department of Neurology (N.R.G.-R., N.E.-T.), and Health Sciences Research (D.S., X.W., J.C., Y.W.A.), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL; Department of Neurology (R.C.P.) and Health Sciences Research (C.W., H.S.C.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; and Department of Neurology (J.S.), Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
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17
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Malik M, Chiles J, Xi HS, Medway C, Simpson J, Potluri S, Howard D, Liang Y, Paumi CM, Mukherjee S, Crane P, Younkin S, Fardo DW, Estus S. Genetics of CD33 in Alzheimer's disease and acute myeloid leukemia. Hum Mol Genet 2015; 24:3557-70. [PMID: 25762156 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddv092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2015] [Accepted: 03/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The CD33 single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs3865444 has been associated with the risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Rs3865444 is in linkage disequilibrium with rs12459419 which has been associated with efficacy of an acute myeloid leukemia (AML) chemotherapeutic agent based on a CD33 antibody. We seek to evaluate the extent to which CD33 genetics in AD and AML can inform one another and advance human disease therapy. We have previously shown that these SNPs are associated with skipping of CD33 exon 2 in brain mRNA. Here, we report that these CD33 SNPs are associated with exon 2 skipping in leukocytes from AML patients and with a novel CD33 splice variant that retains CD33 intron 1. Each copy of the minor rs12459419T allele decreases prototypic full-length CD33 expression by ∼ 25% and decreases the AD odds ratio by ∼ 0.10. These results suggest that CD33 antagonists may be useful in reducing AD risk. CD33 inhibitors may include humanized CD33 antibodies such as lintuzumab which was safe but ineffective in AML clinical trials. Here, we report that lintuzumab downregulates cell-surface CD33 by 80% in phorbol-ester differentiated U937 cells, at concentrations as low as 10 ng/ml. Overall, we propose a model wherein a modest effect on RNA splicing is sufficient to mediate the CD33 association with AD risk and suggest the potential for an anti-CD33 antibody as an AD-relevant pharmacologic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manasi Malik
- Department of Physiology, Sanders-Brown Center on Aging
| | - Joe Chiles
- Department of Physiology, Sanders-Brown Center on Aging
| | - Hualin S Xi
- Computational Sciences Center of Emphasis, Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, MA 02140, USA
| | - Christopher Medway
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic Jacksonville, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA and
| | - James Simpson
- Department of Physiology, Sanders-Brown Center on Aging
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Paul Crane
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Steven Younkin
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic Jacksonville, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA and
| | - David W Fardo
- Department of Biostatistics, Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Steven Estus
- Department of Physiology, Sanders-Brown Center on Aging ,
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18
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Braae A, Medway C, Carrasquillo M, Younkin S, Kehoe PG, Morgan K. Blood type gene locus has no influence on ACE association with Alzheimer's disease. Neurobiol Aging 2015; 36:1767.e1-1767.e2. [PMID: 25681990 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2015.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2014] [Revised: 01/14/2015] [Accepted: 01/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The ABO blood group locus was recently found to contribute independently and via interactions with angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) gene variation to plasma levels of ACE. Variation in ACE has previously been not only implicated as individually conferring susceptibility for Alzheimer's disease (AD) but also proposed to confer risk via interactions with other as yet unknown genes. More recently, larger studies have not supported ACE as a risk factor for AD, whereas the role of ACE pathway in AD has come under increased levels of scrutiny with respect to various aspects of AD pathology and possible therapies. We explored the potential combined involvement of ABO and ACE variations in the genetic susceptibility of 2067 AD cases compared with 1376 nondemented elderly. Including the effects of ABO haplotype did not provide any evidence for the genetic association of ACE with AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Braae
- Human Genetics Group, Translational Cell Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Queens Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Christopher Medway
- Human Genetics Group, Translational Cell Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Queens Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Minerva Carrasquillo
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, College of Medicine, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Steven Younkin
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, College of Medicine, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | | | - Patrick G Kehoe
- Dementia Research Group, University of Bristol, Level 1, Learning & Research, Southmead Hospital, Bristol, UK.
| | - Kevin Morgan
- Human Genetics Group, Translational Cell Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Queens Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
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19
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Medway C, Morgan K. Review: The genetics of Alzheimer's disease; putting flesh on the bones. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 2014; 40:97-105. [PMID: 24443964 PMCID: PMC4282344 DOI: 10.1111/nan.12101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2013] [Accepted: 11/21/2013] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
For two decades the search for genes involved in Alzheimer's disease brought little reward; it was not until the advent of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) that genetic associations started to be revealed. Since 2009 increasingly large GWAS have revealed 20 loci, which in itself is a substantial increase in our understanding, but perhaps the more important feature is that these studies have highlighted novel pathways that are potentially involved in the disease process. This commentary assembles our latest knowledge while acknowledging that the casual functional variants, and undoubtedly, other genes are still yet to be discovered. This is the challenge that remains and the promise of next-generation sequencing is anticipated as there are a number of large initiatives which themselves should start to yield information before long.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Medway
- Translation Cell Sciences - Human Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Queens Medical Centre, Nottingham, UK
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20
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Parikh I, Medway C, Younkin S, Fardo DW, Estus S. An intronic PICALM polymorphism, rs588076, is associated with allelic expression of a PICALM isoform. Mol Neurodegener 2014; 9:32. [PMID: 25169757 PMCID: PMC4150683 DOI: 10.1186/1750-1326-9-32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2014] [Accepted: 08/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although genome wide studies have associated single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP)s near PICALM with Alzheimer's disease (AD), the mechanism underlying this association is unclear. PICALM is involved in clathrin-mediated endocytosis and modulates Aß clearance in vitro. Comparing allelic expression provides the means to detect cis-acting regulatory polymorphisms. Thus, we evaluated whether PICALM showed allele expression imbalance (AEI) and whether this imbalance was associated with the AD-associated polymorphism, rs3851179. RESULTS We measured PICALM allelic expression in 42 human brain samples by using next-generation sequencing. Overall, PICALM demonstrated equal allelic expression with no detectable influence by rs3851179. A single sample demonstrated robust global PICALM allelic expression imbalance (AEI), i.e., each of the measured isoforms showed AEI. Moreover, the PICALM isoform lacking exons 18 and 19 (D18-19 PICALM) showed significant AEI in a subset of individuals. Sequencing these individuals and subsequent genotyping revealed that rs588076, located in PICALM intron 17, was robustly associated with this imbalance in D18-19 PICALM allelic expression (p = 9.54 x 10-5). This polymorphism has been associated previously with systolic blood pressure response to calcium channel blocking agents. To evaluate whether this polymorphism was associated with AD, we genotyped 3269 individuals and found that rs588076 was modestly associated with AD. However, when both the primary AD SNP rs3851179 was added to the logistic regression model, only rs3851179 was significantly associated with AD. CONCLUSIONS PICALM expression shows no evidence of AEI associated with rs3851179. Robust global AEI was detected in one sample, suggesting the existence of a rare SNP that strongly modulates PICALM expression. AEI was detected for the D18-19 PICALM isoform, and rs588076 was associated with this AEI pattern. Conditional on rs3851179, rs588076 was not associated with AD risk, suggesting that D18-19 PICALM is not critical in AD. In summary, this analysis of PICALM allelic expression provides novel insights into the genetics of PICALM expression and AD risk.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Steven Estus
- Departments of Physiology, Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, 800 S, Limestone St,, Lexington, KY 40536, USA.
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21
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Lord J, Turton J, Braae A, Barber I, Medway C, Brown K, Morgan K. P2‐030: INVESTIGATING THE ROLE OF CLU, PICALM, AND CR1 IN ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE. Alzheimers Dement 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2014.05.703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Lord
- Washington University in St LouisSt LouisMissouriUnited States
| | - James Turton
- University of NottinghamNottinghamUnited Kingdom
| | - Anne Braae
- University of NottinghamNottinghamUnited Kingdom
| | | | | | | | - Kevin Morgan
- University of NottinghamNottinghamUnited Kingdom
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22
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Braae A, Turton J, Lord J, Medway C, Brown K, Barber I, Morgan K. P1‐052: DEEP SEQUENCING ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE ASSOCIATED GENES, CLU, PICALM, CR1, ABCA7, BIN1, MS4A, CD2AP, EPHA1, AND CD33 IDENTIFIES POTENTIAL FUNCTIONAL SNPS. Alzheimers Dement 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2014.05.288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anne Braae
- University of NottinghamNottinghamUnited Kingdom
| | - James Turton
- University of NottinghamNottinghamUnited Kingdom
| | - Jenny Lord
- University of NottinghamNottinghamUnited Kingdom
| | | | | | | | - Kevin Morgan
- University of NottinghamNottinghamUnited Kingdom
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23
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Sassi C, Guerreiro R, Gibbs R, Ding J, Lupton MK, Troakes C, Al-Sarraj S, Niblock M, Gallo JM, Adnan J, Killick R, Brown KS, Medway C, Lord J, Turton J, Bras J, Morgan K, Powell JF, Singleton A, Hardy J. Investigating the role of rare coding variability in Mendelian dementia genes (APP, PSEN1, PSEN2, GRN, MAPT, and PRNP) in late-onset Alzheimer's disease. Neurobiol Aging 2014; 35:2881.e1-2881.e6. [PMID: 25104557 PMCID: PMC4236585 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2014.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2014] [Revised: 06/06/2014] [Accepted: 06/07/2014] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
The overlapping clinical and neuropathologic features between late-onset apparently sporadic Alzheimer's disease (LOAD), familial Alzheimer's disease (FAD), and other neurodegenerative dementias (frontotemporal dementia, corticobasal degeneration, progressive supranuclear palsy, and Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease) raise the question of whether shared genetic risk factors may explain the similar phenotype among these disparate disorders. To investigate this intriguing hypothesis, we analyzed rare coding variability in 6 Mendelian dementia genes (APP, PSEN1, PSEN2, GRN, MAPT, and PRNP), in 141 LOAD patients and 179 elderly controls, neuropathologically proven, from the UK. In our cohort, 14 LOAD cases (10%) and 11 controls (6%) carry at least 1 rare variant in the genes studied. We report a novel variant in PSEN1 (p.I168T) and a rare variant in PSEN2 (p.A237V), absent in controls and both likely pathogenic. Our findings support previous studies, suggesting that (1) rare coding variability in PSEN1 and PSEN2 may influence the susceptibility for LOAD and (2) GRN, MAPT, and PRNP are not major contributors to LOAD. Thus, genetic screening is pivotal for the clinical differential diagnosis of these neurodegenerative dementias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celeste Sassi
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK; Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Rita Guerreiro
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK; Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Raphael Gibbs
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK; Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jinhui Ding
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Claire Troakes
- King's College London Institute of Psychiatry, London, UK
| | - Safa Al-Sarraj
- King's College London Institute of Psychiatry, London, UK
| | | | | | - Jihad Adnan
- King's College London Institute of Psychiatry, London, UK
| | | | - Kristelle S Brown
- Translation Cell Sciences-Human Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Queens Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Christopher Medway
- Translation Cell Sciences-Human Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Queens Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Jenny Lord
- Translation Cell Sciences-Human Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Queens Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - James Turton
- Translation Cell Sciences-Human Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Queens Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Jose Bras
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | | | - Kevin Morgan
- Translation Cell Sciences-Human Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Queens Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - John F Powell
- King's College London Institute of Psychiatry, London, UK
| | - Andrew Singleton
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - John Hardy
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
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24
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Benitez BA, Jin SC, Guerreiro R, Graham R, Lord J, Harold D, Sims R, Lambert JC, Gibbs JR, Bras J, Sassi C, Harari O, Bertelsen S, Lupton MK, Powell J, Bellenguez C, Brown K, Medway C, Haddick PCG, van der Brug MP, Bhangale T, Ortmann W, Behrens T, Mayeux R, Pericak-Vance MA, Farrer LA, Schellenberg GD, Haines JL, Turton J, Braae A, Barber I, Fagan AM, Holtzman DM, Morris JC, Williams J, Kauwe JS, Amouyel P, Morgan K, Singleton A, Hardy J, Goate AM, Cruchaga C, Singleton A, Hardy J, Goate AM, Cruchaga C. Missense variant in TREML2 protects against Alzheimer's disease. Neurobiol Aging 2014; 35:1510.e19-26. [PMID: 24439484 PMCID: PMC3961557 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2013.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2013] [Revised: 12/09/2013] [Accepted: 12/13/2013] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
TREM and TREM-like receptors are a structurally similar protein family encoded by genes clustered on chromosome 6p21.11. Recent studies have identified a rare coding variant (p.R47H) in TREM2 that confers a high risk for Alzheimer's disease (AD). In addition, common single nucleotide polymorphisms in this genomic region are associated with cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers for AD and a common intergenic variant found near the TREML2 gene has been identified to be protective for AD. However, little is known about the functional variant underlying the latter association or its relationship with the p.R47H. Here, we report comprehensive analyses using whole-exome sequencing data, cerebrospinal fluid biomarker analyses, meta-analyses (16,254 cases and 20,052 controls) and cell-based functional studies to support the role of the TREML2 coding missense variant p.S144G (rs3747742) as a potential driver of the meta-analysis AD-associated genome-wide association studies signal. Additionally, we demonstrate that the protective role of TREML2 in AD is independent of the role of TREM2 gene as a risk factor for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno A. Benitez
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Sheng Chih Jin
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Rita Guerreiro
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK,Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Rob Graham
- Diagnostic Discovery Department, Genentech Inc, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jenny Lord
- Human Genetics, School of Molecular Medical Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Denise Harold
- Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Rebecca Sims
- Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Jean-Charles Lambert
- Inserm, Lille, France,Universite Lille 2, Lille, France,Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
| | - J. Raphael Gibbs
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK,Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jose Bras
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Celeste Sassi
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK,Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Oscar Harari
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Sarah Bertelsen
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | | | - John Powell
- Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Celine Bellenguez
- Inserm, Lille, France,Universite Lille 2, Lille, France,Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Kristelle Brown
- Human Genetics, School of Molecular Medical Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Christopher Medway
- Human Genetics, School of Molecular Medical Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Patrick CG. Haddick
- Diagnostic Discovery Department, Genentech Inc, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Tushar Bhangale
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Genentech Inc, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Ward Ortmann
- Human Genetics Department, Genentech Inc, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Tim Behrens
- Human Genetics Department, Genentech Inc, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Richard Mayeux
- Department of Neurology, Taub Institute on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA,Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Margaret A. Pericak-Vance
- The John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA,Dr John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Lindsay A. Farrer
- Department of Medicine, Boston University Schools of Medicine and Public Health, Boston, MA, USA,Department of Biomedical Genetics, Boston University Schools of Medicine and Public Health, Boston, MA, USA,Department of Neurology, Boston University Schools of Medicine and Public Health, Boston, MA, USA,Department of Ophthalmology, Boston University Schools of Medicine and Public Health, Boston, MA, USA,Department of Epidemiology, Boston University Schools of Medicine and Public Health, Boston, MA, USA,Department of Biostatistics, Boston University Schools of Medicine and Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Gerard D. Schellenberg
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jonathan L. Haines
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt Center for Human Genetics Research, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Jim Turton
- Human Genetics, School of Molecular Medical Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Anne Braae
- Human Genetics, School of Molecular Medical Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Imelda Barber
- Human Genetics, School of Molecular Medical Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Anne M. Fagan
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA,Knight Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA,Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - David M. Holtzman
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA,Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA,Knight Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA,Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - John C. Morris
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA,Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA,Knight Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA,Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | | | - Julie Williams
- Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - John S.K. Kauwe
- Department of Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
| | - Philippe Amouyel
- Inserm, Lille, France,Universite Lille 2, Lille, France,Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Kevin Morgan
- Human Genetics, School of Molecular Medical Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Andy Singleton
- Human Genetics Department, Genentech Inc, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - John Hardy
- Human Genetics Department, Genentech Inc, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Alison M. Goate
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA,Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA,Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA,Knight Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA,Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA,Alternate corresponding author at: Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue B8134, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA. Tel.: +314 286 0546; fax: +314 747 2983.
| | - Carlos Cruchaga
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA; Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA; Universite Lille 2, Lille, France.
| | - Andy Singleton
- Human Genetics Department, Genentech Inc, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - John Hardy
- Human Genetics Department, Genentech Inc, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Alison M Goate
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA; Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA; Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA; Knight Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA; Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
| | - Carlos Cruchaga
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA; Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA; Universite Lille 2, Lille, France.
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25
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Matsa E, Dixon JE, Medway C, Georgiou O, Patel MJ, Morgan K, Kemp PJ, Staniforth A, Mellor I, Denning C. Allele-specific RNA interference rescues the long-QT syndrome phenotype in human-induced pluripotency stem cell cardiomyocytes. Eur Heart J 2013; 35:1078-87. [PMID: 23470493 PMCID: PMC3992427 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/eht067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims Long-QT syndromes (LQTS) are mostly autosomal-dominant congenital disorders associated with a 1:1000 mutation frequency, cardiac arrest, and sudden death. We sought to use cardiomyocytes derived from human-induced pluripotency stem cells (hiPSCs) as an in vitro model to develop and evaluate gene-based therapeutics for the treatment of LQTS. Methods and results We produced LQTS-type 2 (LQT2) hiPSC cardiomyocytes carrying a KCNH2 c.G1681A mutation in a IKr ion-channel pore, which caused impaired glycosylation and channel transport to cell surface. Allele-specific RNA interference (RNAi) directed towards the mutated KCNH2 mRNA caused knockdown, while leaving the wild-type mRNA unaffected. Electrophysiological analysis of patient-derived LQT2 hiPSC cardiomyocytes treated with mutation-specific siRNAs showed normalized action potential durations (APDs) and K+ currents with the concurrent rescue of spontaneous and drug-induced arrhythmias (presented as early-afterdepolarizations). Conclusions These findings provide in vitro evidence that allele-specific RNAi can rescue diseased phenotype in LQTS cardiomyocytes. This is a potentially novel route for the treatment of many autosomal-dominant-negative disorders, including those of the heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Matsa
- Wolfson Centre for Stem Cells, Tissue Engineering and Modelling (STEM), University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
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26
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Lord J, Turton J, Medway C, Shi H, Brown K, Lowe J, Mann D, Pickering-Brown S, Kalsheker N, Passmore P, Morgan K. Next generation sequencing of CLU, PICALM and CR1: pitfalls and potential solutions. Int J Mol Epidemiol Genet 2012; 3:262-75. [PMID: 23205178 PMCID: PMC3508540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2012] [Accepted: 10/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/05/2023]
Abstract
CLU, PICALM and CR1 were identified as genetic risk factors for late onset Alzheimer's disease (AD) in two large genome wide association studies (GWAS) published in 2009, but the variants that convey this alteration in disease risk, and how the genes relate to AD pathology is yet to be discovered. A next generation sequencing (NGS) project was conducted targeting CLU, CR1 and PICALM, in 96 AD samples (8 pools of 12), in an attempt to discover rare variants within these AD associated genes. Inclusion of repetitive regions in the design of the SureSelect capture lead to significant issues in alignment of the data, leading to poor specificity and a lower than expected depth of coverage. A strong positive correlation (0.964, p<0.001) was seen between NGS and 1000 genome project frequency estimates. Of the ~170 "novel" variants detected in the genes, seven SNPs, all of which were present in multiple sample pools, were selected for validation by Sanger sequencing. Two SNPs were successfully validated by this method, and shown to be genuine variants, while five failed validation. These spurious SNP calls occurred as a result of the presence of small indels and mononucleotide repeats, indicating such features should be regarded with caution, and validation via an independent method is important for NGS variant calls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Lord
- Human Genetics, School of Molecular Medical Sciences, Queens Medical Centre, University of Nottingham Nottingham, UK
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27
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Bullock JM, Medway C, Cortina-Borja M, Turton JC, Prince JA, Ibrahim-Verbaas CA, Schuur M, Breteler MM, van Duijn CM, Kehoe PG, Barber R, Coto E, Alvarez V, Deloukas P, Hammond N, Combarros O, Mateo I, Warden DR, Lehmann MG, Belbin O, Brown K, Wilcock GK, Heun R, Kölsch H, Smith AD, Lehmann DJ, Morgan K. Discovery by the Epistasis Project of an epistatic interaction between the GSTM3 gene and the HHEX/IDE/KIF11 locus in the risk of Alzheimer's disease. Neurobiol Aging 2012; 34:1309.e1-7. [PMID: 23036584 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2012.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2012] [Revised: 08/13/2012] [Accepted: 08/17/2012] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Despite recent discoveries in the genetics of sporadic Alzheimer's disease, there remains substantial "hidden heritability." It is thought that some of this missing heritability may be because of gene-gene, i.e., epistatic, interactions. We examined potential epistasis between 110 candidate polymorphisms in 1757 cases of Alzheimer's disease and 6294 control subjects of the Epistasis Project, divided between a discovery and a replication dataset. We found an epistatic interaction, between rs7483 in GSTM3 and rs1111875 in the HHEX/IDE/KIF11 gene cluster, with a closely similar, significant result in both datasets. The synergy factor (SF) in the combined dataset was 1.79, 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.35-2.36; p = 0.00004. Consistent interaction was also found in 7 out of the 8 additional subsets that we examined post hoc: i.e., it was shown in both North Europe and North Spain, in both men and women, in both those with and without the ε4 allele of apolipoprotein E, and in people older than 75 years (SF, 2.27; 95% CI, 1.60-3.20; p < 0.00001), but not in those younger than 75 years (SF, 1.06; 95% CI, 0.59-1.91; p = 0.84). The association with Alzheimer's disease was purely epistatic with neither polymorphism showing an independent effect: odds ratio, 1.0; p ≥ 0.7. Indeed, each factor was associated with protection in the absence of the other factor, but with risk in its presence. In conclusion, this epistatic interaction showed a high degree of consistency when stratifying by sex, the ε4 allele of apolipoprotein E genotype, and geographic region.
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Affiliation(s)
- James M Bullock
- Human Genetics, School of Molecular Medical Sciences, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
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28
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Shi H, Belbin O, Medway C, Brown K, Kalsheker N, Carrasquillo M, Proitsi P, Powell J, Lovestone S, Goate A, Younkin S, Passmore P, Morgan K. Genetic variants influencing human aging from late-onset Alzheimer's disease (LOAD) genome-wide association studies (GWAS). Neurobiol Aging 2012; 33:1849.e5-18. [PMID: 22445811 PMCID: PMC4120742 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2012.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2011] [Revised: 01/16/2012] [Accepted: 02/11/2012] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Genetics plays a crucial role in human aging with up to 30% of those living to the mid-80s being determined by genetic variation. Survival to older ages likely entails an even greater genetic contribution. There is increasing evidence that genes implicated in age-related diseases, such as cancer and neuronal disease, play a role in affecting human life span. We have selected the 10 most promising late-onset Alzheimer's disease (LOAD) susceptibility genes identified through several recent large genome-wide association studies (GWAS). These 10 LOAD genes (APOE, CLU, PICALM, CR1, BIN1, ABCA7, MS4A6A, CD33, CD2AP, and EPHA1) have been tested for association with human aging in our dataset (1385 samples with documented age at death [AAD], age range: 58-108 years; mean age at death: 80.2) using the most significant single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) found in the previous studies. Apart from the APOE locus (rs2075650) which showed compelling evidence of association with risk on human life span (p = 5.27 × 10(-4)), none of the other LOAD gene loci demonstrated significant evidence of association. In addition to examining the known LOAD genes, we carried out analyses using age at death as a quantitative trait. No genome-wide significant SNPs were discovered. Increasing sample size and statistical power will be imperative to detect genuine aging-associated variants in the future. In this report, we also discuss issues relating to the analysis of genome-wide association studies data from different centers and the bioinformatic approach required to distinguish spurious genome-wide significant signals from real SNP associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Shi
- Human Genetics, School of Molecular Medical Science, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Olivia Belbin
- Human Genetics, School of Molecular Medical Science, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Christopher Medway
- Human Genetics, School of Molecular Medical Science, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Kristelle Brown
- Human Genetics, School of Molecular Medical Science, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Noor Kalsheker
- Human Genetics, School of Molecular Medical Science, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Minerva Carrasquillo
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, College of Medicine, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Petroula Proitsi
- Department of Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Kings College London, London, UK
| | - John Powell
- Department of Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Kings College London, London, UK
| | - Simon Lovestone
- Department of Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Kings College London, London, UK
| | - Alison Goate
- Departments of Psychiatry, Neurology, and Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Steven Younkin
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, College of Medicine, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Peter Passmore
- Centre for Public Health, School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Biomedical Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | | | - Kevin Morgan
- Human Genetics, School of Molecular Medical Science, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
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29
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Turton JC, Bullock J, Medway C, Shi H, Brown K, Belbin O, Kalsheker N, Carrasquillo MM, Dickson DW, Graff-Radford NR, Petersen RC, Younkin SG, Morgan K. Investigating statistical epistasis in complex disorders. J Alzheimers Dis 2011; 25:635-44. [PMID: 21483092 DOI: 10.3233/jad-2011-110197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The missing heritability exhibited by late-onset Alzheimer's disease is unexplained and has been partly attributed to epistatic interaction. Methods available to explore this are often based on logistic regression and allow for determination of deviation from an expected outcome as a result of statistical epistasis. Three such methodologies including Synergy Factor and the PLINK modules, -epistasis and -fast-epistasis, were applied to study an epistatic interaction between interleukin-6 and interleukin-10. The models analyzed consisted of two synergistic interactions (SF ≈ 4.2 and 1.6) and two antagonistic interactions (SF ≈ 0.9 and 0.6). As with any statistical test, power to detect association is paramount; and most studies will be underpowered for the task. However, the availability of large sample sizes through genome-wide association studies make it feasible to examine approaches for determining epistatic interactions. This study documents the sample sizes needed to achieve a statistically significant outcome from each of the methods examined and discusses the limitations/advantages of the chosen approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- James C Turton
- Human Genetics, School of Molecular Medical Sciences, Queens Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
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30
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Lehmann DJ, Refsum H, Warden DR, Medway C, Wilcock GK, Smith AD. The vitamin D receptor gene is associated with Alzheimer's disease. Neurosci Lett 2011; 504:79-82. [PMID: 21911036 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2011.08.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2011] [Revised: 07/22/2011] [Accepted: 08/25/2011] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin D may have a role in brain function. Low levels have been frequently associated with cognitive decline and may contribute to diseases of the nervous system. The vitamin D receptor (VDR) is widely expressed in human brain. Vitamin D appears to be neuroprotective and may regulate inflammation in the brain. We examined two VDR polymorphisms, Apa1 and Taq1. We used DNA from 255 Alzheimer's disease (AD) cases and 260 cognitively screened elderly controls from the longitudinal cohort of the Oxford Project to Investigate Memory and Ageing (OPTIMA). The presence of each of the linked alleles, Apa1 T and Taq1 G, was associated with the risk of AD, particularly in people <75 years old: odds ratios ≥3.0 and p≤0.005. We also found preliminary evidence of interactions associated with AD between these polymorphisms and two other genes involved in the regulation of inflammation, interleukin-10 (IL10) and dopamine β-hydroxylase (DBH): synergy factors ≥3.4, uncorrected p<0.05. These associations are biologically plausible and are consistent with a role for vitamin D in AD. Nevertheless, we consider this to be a hypothesis-generating study, which needs to be replicated in a larger dataset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donald J Lehmann
- Oxford Project to Investigate Memory and Ageing (OPTIMA), University Department of Pharmacology, Oxford OX1 3QT, UK.
| | - Helga Refsum
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Norway; University Department of Pharmacology, Oxford OX1 3QT, UK.
| | - Donald R Warden
- Oxford Project to Investigate Memory and Ageing (OPTIMA), University Department of Pharmacology, Oxford OX1 3QT, UK.
| | - Christopher Medway
- School of Molecular Medical Sciences, Institute of Genetics, University of Nottingham, Queens Medical Centre, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK.
| | - Gordon K Wilcock
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Level 4, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK.
| | - A David Smith
- Oxford Project to Investigate Memory and Ageing (OPTIMA), University Department of Pharmacology, Oxford OX1 3QT, UK.
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31
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Medway C, Shi H, Brown K, Wilson R, Blythe M, Aboobaker A, Kalsheker N, Morgan K. P1‐248: Novel Rare Variants in Alzheimer's Disease Candidate Genes Identified Using Next Generation Sequencing. Alzheimers Dement 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2011.05.528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Hui Shi
- University of NottinghamNottinghamUnited Kingdom
| | | | - Ray Wilson
- University of NottinghamNottinghamUnited Kingdom
| | | | | | | | - Kevin Morgan
- University of NottinghamNottinghamUnited Kingdom
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32
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Morgan K, Medway C, Hui SHI, Turton J, Bullock J, Brown K, Belbin O, Kalsheker N, Carrasquillo M, Younkin S. P1‐249: Differential Epistatic Interactions with Alternative APOE Alleles in Late‐Onset Alzheimer's Disease. Alzheimers Dement 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2011.05.529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Morgan
- University of NottinghamNottinghamUnited Kingdom
| | | | - SHI Hui
- University of NottinghamNottinghamUnited Kingdom
| | - James Turton
- University of NottinghamNottinghamUnited Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Steven Younkin
- Mayo Clinic College of MedicineJacksonvilleFloridaUnited States
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33
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Shi H, Medway C, Brown K, Kalsheker N, Goate A, Proitsi P, Powell J, Lovestone S, Carrasquillo M, Younkin S, Kevin Morgan (for the ART consortium). P1‐262: Genetic Variants Influencing Human Longevity from Late‐Onset Alzheimer's Disease (LOAD) Genome‐Wide Association Studies (GWAS). Alzheimers Dement 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2011.05.542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Shi
- University of NottinghamNottinghamUnited Kingdom
| | | | | | | | - Alison Goate
- Washington UniversitySt LouisMissouriUnited States
| | | | | | | | | | - Steven Younkin
- Mayo Clinic College of MedicineJacksonvilleFloridaUnited States
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34
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Belbin O, Brown K, Shi H, Medway C, Abrahams R, Passmore P, Mann D, Smith AD, Holmes C, McGuiness B, Craig D, Warden D, Heun R, Kölsch H, Love S, Kalsheker N, Williams J, Owen MJ, Carrasquillo M, Younkin S, Morgan K, Kehoe PG. A multi-center study of ACE and the risk of late-onset Alzheimer's disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2011; 24:587-97. [PMID: 21297258 PMCID: PMC3655234 DOI: 10.3233/jad-2011-101914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
A key pathological feature of late-onset Alzheimer's disease (LOAD) is the abnormal extracellular accumulation of the amyloid-β (Aβ) peptide. Thus, altered Aβ degradation could be a major contributor to the development of LOAD. Variants in the gene encoding the Aβ-degrading enzyme, angiotensin-1 converting enzyme (ACE) therefore represent plausible candidates for association with LOAD pathology and risk. Following Alzgene meta-analyses of all published case-control studies, the ACE variants rs4291 and rs1800764 showed significant association with LOAD risk. Furthermore ACE haplotypes are associated with both plasma ACE levels and LOAD risk. We tested three ACE variants (rs4291, rs4343, and rs1800764) for association with LOAD in ten Caucasian case-control populations (n = 8,212). No association was found using multiple logistic models (all p > 0.09). We found no population heterogeneity (all p > 0.38) or evidence for association with LOAD risk following meta-analysis of the ten populations for rs4343 (OR = 1.00), rs4291 (OR = 0.97), or rs1800764 (OR = 0.99). Although we found no haplotypic association in our complete dataset (p = 0.51), a significant global haplotypic p-value was observed in one population (p = 0.007) due to an association of the H3 haplotype (OR = 0.72, p = 0.02) and a trend towards an association of H4 (OR = 1.38, p = 0.09) and H7 (OR = 2.07, p = 0.08) although these did not survive Bonferroni correction. Previously reported associations of ACE variants with LOAD will be diminished following this study. At best, ACE variants have modest effect sizes, which are likely part of a complex interaction between genetic, phenotypic and pharmacological effects that would be undetected in traditional case-control studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia Belbin
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Institute of Genetics, Queen’s Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, UK
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Kristelle Brown
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Institute of Genetics, Queen’s Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, UK
| | - Hui Shi
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Institute of Genetics, Queen’s Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, UK
| | - Christopher Medway
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Institute of Genetics, Queen’s Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, UK
| | - Richard Abrahams
- Medical Research Council Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Department of Psychological Medicine and Neurology, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Peter Passmore
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, The Queen’s University of Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - David Mann
- Greater Manchester Neurosciences Centre, University of Manchester, UK
| | - A. David Smith
- Memory Assessment and Research Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Clive Holmes
- OPTIMA, University Department of Pharmacology, Oxford, UK
| | - B. McGuiness
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, The Queen’s University of Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - David Craig
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, The Queen’s University of Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Donald Warden
- OPTIMA, University Department of Pharmacology, Oxford, UK
| | - Reinhard Heun
- Department of Old Age Psychiatry, Queen Elizabeth Psychiatric Hospital, Birmingham, UK
| | | | - Seth Love
- Institute of Clinical Neurosciences, School of Clinical Science, University of Bristol, Frenchay Hospital, UK
| | - Noor Kalsheker
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Institute of Genetics, Queen’s Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, UK
| | - Julie Williams
- Medical Research Council Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Department of Psychological Medicine and Neurology, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Michael J Owen
- Medical Research Council Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Department of Psychological Medicine and Neurology, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | | | - Steven Younkin
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Kevin Morgan
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Institute of Genetics, Queen’s Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, UK
| | - Patrick G Kehoe
- Institute of Clinical Neurosciences, School of Clinical Science, University of Bristol, Frenchay Hospital, UK
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35
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Shi H, Medway C, Brown K, Kalsheker N, Morgan K. Using Fisher's method with PLINK 'LD clumped' output to compare SNP effects across Genome-wide Association Study (GWAS) datasets. Int J Mol Epidemiol Genet 2011; 2:30-35. [PMID: 21537399 PMCID: PMC3077236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2010] [Accepted: 11/16/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED As the number of publically available GWAS datasets continues to grow, bioinformatic tools which enable routine manipulation of data are becoming increasingly useful. Meta-analysis using multiple GWAS datasets has become essential to elucidate novel SNP associations which may not be readily discovered in each GWAS individually due to insufficient power. Replication of GWAS findings is critical and is the 'arbiter' of genuine SNP associations. We have developed an 'LD aware' bioinformatics application which allows efficient comparison of SNP effects across multiple GWAS datasets using Fisher's combined probability test from PLINK (v1.06) 'LD clumped' output. AVAILABILITY the application is freely available from the authors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Shi
- Human Genetics, School of Molecular Medical Sciences, Queens Medical Centre, University of Nottingham Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
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36
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Medway C, Shi H, Bullock J, Black H, Brown K, Vafadar-isfahani B, Matharoo-ball B, Ball G, Rees R, Kalsheker N, Morgan K. Using In silico LD clumping and meta-analysis of genome-wide datasets as a complementary tool to investigate and validate new candidate biomarkers in Alzheimer's disease. Int J Mol Epidemiol Genet 2010; 1:134-144. [PMID: 21537386 PMCID: PMC3076759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2009] [Accepted: 03/12/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Despite the recent wealth of genome-wide association studies, insufficient power may explain why much of the heritable contribution to common diseases remains hidden. As different SNP panels are genotyped by commercial chips, increasing study power through meta-analysis is made problematic. To address these power issues we suggest an approach which permits meta-analysis of candidate SNPs from multiple GWAS. By identifying correlated SNPs from different platforms (r(2)=1), using PLINK's 'clumping' method, we generated combined p-values (using Fisher's combined and random effects meta-analysis) for each clump. P-values were corrected for the number of clumps (representing the number of independent tests). We also explored to what extent commercial platforms tag HapMap SNPs within these candidate genes. To illustrate this approach, and to serve as 'proof-of-principle', we used 3 late-onset Alzheimer's disease GWAS datasets to explore SNP-disease associations in 4 new candidate genes encoding cerebro-spinal fluid biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease; Fibrinogen γ-chain (FGG), SPARC-like1 (SPARCL1), Contactin-1 (CNTN1) and Contactin-2 (CNTN2). Genes encoding current Alzheimer's biomarkers; APP (Aβ), MAPT (Tau) and APOE were also included. This method identified two SNP 'clumps'; one clump in APOE (rs4420638) and one downstream of CNTN2 (which harboured rs7523477 and rs4951168) which were significant following random effects meta-analysis (P < 0.05). The latter was linked to three conserved SNPs in the 3'-UTR of CNTN2. We cannot rule out that this result is a false positive due to the large number of statistical tests applied; nevertheless this approach is easily applied and might well have utility in future '-omics' studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Medway
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Institute of Genetics, School of Molecular Medical SciencesA Floor, West Block, QMC, Nottingham. NG7 2UH
| | - Hui Shi
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Institute of Genetics, School of Molecular Medical SciencesA Floor, West Block, QMC, Nottingham. NG7 2UH
| | - James Bullock
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Institute of Genetics, School of Molecular Medical SciencesA Floor, West Block, QMC, Nottingham. NG7 2UH
| | - Holly Black
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Institute of Genetics, School of Molecular Medical SciencesA Floor, West Block, QMC, Nottingham. NG7 2UH
| | - Kristelle Brown
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Institute of Genetics, School of Molecular Medical SciencesA Floor, West Block, QMC, Nottingham. NG7 2UH
| | - Baharak Vafadar-isfahani
- The John Van Geest Cancer Research Centre, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent UniversityNottingham, UK
| | - Balwir Matharoo-ball
- The John Van Geest Cancer Research Centre, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent UniversityNottingham, UK
| | - Graham Ball
- The John Van Geest Cancer Research Centre, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent UniversityNottingham, UK
| | - Robert Rees
- The John Van Geest Cancer Research Centre, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent UniversityNottingham, UK
| | - Noor Kalsheker
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Institute of Genetics, School of Molecular Medical SciencesA Floor, West Block, QMC, Nottingham. NG7 2UH
| | - Kevin Morgan
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Institute of Genetics, School of Molecular Medical SciencesA Floor, West Block, QMC, Nottingham. NG7 2UH
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Shi H, Medway C, Bullock J, Brown K, Kalsheker N, Morgan K. Analysis of Genome-Wide Association Study (GWAS) data looking for replicating signals in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Int J Mol Epidemiol Genet 2009; 1:53-66. [PMID: 21537453 PMCID: PMC3076755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2009] [Accepted: 11/08/2009] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
We have performed cross-platform comparisons of output from 4 GWAS in late-onset Alzheimer's disease (LOAD) - Reiman et al., 2007; Li et al., 2008; Beecham et al., 2008 and Carrasquillo et al., 2009 to search for new association signals. The aim was to reveal genes that replicated across studies and hence merit further investigation. All SNPs with p-values ranging between 5×10(-5) - 5×10(-8) from each study were assessed across the other studies (either directly or by using a perfect proxy when comparing data from different chip platforms). This revealed only a single SNP (rs929156 in the tripartite motif-containing protein 15, TRIM15, gene) that was replicating across all studies at a level approaching genome-wide significance (P = 8.77×10(-8)) and where meta-analysis of odds ratios showed a significant effect on risk (OR 1.1, 95% Cl 1.0-1.2, P = 0.03). The vast majority of data analysed failed to replicate across these GWAS. The number of replicating association signals we observed is no higher than would be expected due to chance. However, increasing the power by using additional data from larger studies may enable this approach to identify potential LOAD candidate genes for confirmatory association studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Shi
- Division of Clinical Chemistry, Institute of Genetics, School of Molecular Medical Sciences, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
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Abstract
This review is based on the findings of the Southampton Clinical Skills Project, which was a needs assessment and feasibility study to consider the development of a multiprofessional Clinical Skills Resource at Southampton. The project spanned a period of 18 months and used a range of methods of data collection, including visits to 12 clinical skills facilities in the UK. Most existing clinical skills centres have developed in response to changing healthcare policy, curricular initiatives and increasing emphasis on the quality of assessments and competencies. There is also increasing recognition that clinicians are no longer able to teach effectively all skills to students in the traditional ways, and that clinical skills training and assessment, particularly for undergraduates, is an area of deficiency. The potential scope of clinical skills centres is broad and encompasses not only clinical and communication skills but medical informatics, computer assisted learning, multiprofessional learning and assessment. Skills centres can also promote self directed and lifelong learning methods. The planning of skills centres involves a variety of stakeholders and users, including undergraduates, postgraduates, acute and community Trusts, Postgraduate Deans and medical schools. A successful skills centre needs to be flexible in its design, integral to the curriculum and relevant to educational and training requirements. This requires planning, organization and resources. Different organizational models can be used, depending on local factors. The management of skills centres involves consideration of issues such as security, safety, supervision of learners and staff development, informed by a network of experts and everyday users. The development of skills centres should include ongoing educational evaluation of outcomes and educational research. The use of a clinical skills centre has potential benefits for staff and students, including the provision of a safe environment in which to learn and practise skills before using them in the real clinical setting. This can reduce anxiety in students and protect patients from novice practice. Clinical skills centres provide a setting for structured learning with feedback as well as assessment of competence. The limitations of a skills centre are that it can only provide simulated experiences which are an adjunct to, but can never replace real clinical experience.
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Affiliation(s)
- C du Boulay
- Department of Pathology, Southampton University Hospital Trust, UK
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