51
|
Appel J, Fölker B, Sprakel J. Mechanics at the glass-to-gel transition of thermoresponsive microgel suspensions. SOFT MATTER 2016; 12:2515-2522. [PMID: 26843322 DOI: 10.1039/c5sm02940f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We study the rheology of systems of thermoresponsive microgels which can transition between a repulsive glass and an attractive gel state. We find marked differences between these two colloidal solids, within the same experimental system, due to the different origins for their dynamic arrest. While the rigidity of the repulsive systems depends solely on particle volume fraction, we find that the change in linear elasticity upon introducing attractive bonds in the system scales linearly with the adhesive bond strength which can be tuned with the temperature in our experiments. And while the glasses yield reversibly and with a rate-dependent energy dissipation, bond-reorganisation in the gels is suppressed so that their rupture is irreversible and accompanied by a high, but rate-independent, dissipation. These results highlight how colloids with responsive interactions can be employed to shed new light onto solid-solid transitions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeroen Appel
- Physical Chemistry and Soft Matter, Wageningen University, Dreijenplein 6, 6703 HB, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Bart Fölker
- Physical Chemistry and Soft Matter, Wageningen University, Dreijenplein 6, 6703 HB, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Joris Sprakel
- Physical Chemistry and Soft Matter, Wageningen University, Dreijenplein 6, 6703 HB, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
52
|
Yang Y, Chen G, Martinez-Miranda LJ, Yu H, Liu K, Nie Z. Synthesis and Liquid-Crystal Behavior of Bent Colloidal Silica Rods. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:68-71. [PMID: 26700616 PMCID: PMC6033542 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b11546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The design and assembly of novel colloidal particles are of both academic and technological interest. We developed a wet-chemical route to synthesize monodisperse bent rigid silica rods by controlled perturbation of emulsion-templated growth. The bending angle of the rods can be tuned in a range of 0-50° by varying the strength of perturbation in the reaction temperature or pH in the course of rod growth. The length of each arm of the bent rods can be individually controlled by adjusting the reaction time. For the first time we demonstrated that the bent silica rods resemble banana-shaped liquid-crystal molecules and assemble into ordered structures with a typical smectic B2 phase. The bent silica rods could serve as a visualizable mesoscopic model for exploiting the phase behaviors of bent molecules which represent a typical class of liquid-crystal molecules.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Guangdong Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Luz J. Martinez-Miranda
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Hua Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Kun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Zhihong Nie
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| |
Collapse
|
53
|
Li ZW, Zhu YL, Lu ZY, Sun ZY. Supracolloidal fullerene-like cages: design principles and formation mechanisms. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:32534-32540. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cp05556g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
A vast collection of fascinating supracolloidal fullerene-like cages has been achievedviathe self-assembly of soft three-patch particles designed to mimic non-planar sp2hybridized carbon atoms in fullerenes, through the rational design of patch configuration, size, and interaction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhan-Wei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Changchun 130022
- China
| | - You-Liang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Changchun 130022
- China
| | - Zhong-Yuan Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130023
- China
| | - Zhao-Yan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Changchun 130022
- China
| |
Collapse
|
54
|
Albuszis M, Roth PJ, Pauer W, Moritz HU. Two in one: use of azide functionality for controlled photo-crosslinking and click-modification of polymer microspheres. Polym Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6py00937a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
UV-Irradiation of azide-functional microspheres for several minutes is shown to result in efficient crosslinking based on nitrene chemistry and to spare a controllable amount of azide functionality which is amenable to click-modification through CuAAC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Albuszis
- Institute for Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry
- University of Hamburg
- 20146 Hamburg
- Germany
| | - Peter J. Roth
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences
- University of Surrey
- Guildford
- UK
| | - Werner Pauer
- Institute for Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry
- University of Hamburg
- 20146 Hamburg
- Germany
| | - Hans-Ulrich Moritz
- Institute for Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry
- University of Hamburg
- 20146 Hamburg
- Germany
| |
Collapse
|
55
|
Everts JC, Boon N, van Roij R. Density-induced reentrant melting of colloidal Wigner crystals. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:5211-8. [PMID: 26814798 DOI: 10.1039/c5cp07943h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
By using projections of the colloid–ion mixture to a system of (soft) repulsive spheres and the one-component plasma, we explain the experimentally observed reentrant melting of electrostatically repelling colloids upon increasing the colloid density.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J. C. Everts
- Institute for Theoretical Physics
- Center for Extreme Matter and Emergent Phenomena
- Utrecht University
- 3584 CE Utrecht
- The Netherlands
| | - N. Boon
- Division of Physical Chemistry
- Lund University
- Lund SE-221 00
- Sweden
| | - R. van Roij
- Institute for Theoretical Physics
- Center for Extreme Matter and Emergent Phenomena
- Utrecht University
- 3584 CE Utrecht
- The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
56
|
Liu W, Shao J, Jia Y, Tao Y, Ding Y, Jiang H, Ren Y. Trapping and chaining self-assembly of colloidal polystyrene particles over a floating electrode by using combined induced-charge electroosmosis and attractive dipole-dipole interactions. SOFT MATTER 2015; 11:8105-12. [PMID: 26332897 DOI: 10.1039/c5sm01063b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
We propose a novel low-frequency strategy to trap 10 μm colloidal polystyrene (PS) particles of small buoyancy velocity on the surface of a floating electrode, on the basis of combined induced-charge electroosmotic (ICEO) flow and dipole-dipole chaining phenomenon. For field frequencies of 5-50 Hz, much lower than the reciprocal RC time scale, double-layer polarization makes electric field lines pass around the 'insulating' surface of the ideally polarizable floating electrode. Once the long-range ICEO convective micro-vortexes transport particles quickly from the bulk fluid to the electrode surface, neighbouring particles aligned along the local horizontal electric field attract one another by attractive dipolar interactions, and form arrays of particle chains that are almost parallel with the applied electric field. Most importantly, this low-frequency trapping method takes advantage of the dielectrophoretic (DEP) particle-particle interaction to enhance the downward buoyancy force of this dipolar chaining assembly structure, in order to overcome the upward ICEO fluidic drag and realize stable particle trapping around the flow stagnation region. For the sake of comparison, the field frequency is further raised far above the DC limit. At the intermediate frequencies of 200 Hz-2 kHz, this trapping method fails to work, since the normal electric field component emanates from the conducting electrode surface. Besides, at high field frequencies (>3 kHz), particles can be once again effectively trapped at the electrode center, though with a compact (3 kHz) or disordered (10 kHz) 2D packing state on the electrode surface and mainly governed by the short-range negative DEP force field, resulting in requiring a much longer trapping time. To gain a better interpretation of the various particle behaviours observed in experiments, we develop a theoretical framework that takes into account both Maxwell-Wagner interfacial charge relaxation at the particle/electrolyte interface and the field-induced double-layer polarization at the electrode/electrolyte interface, and apply it to quantify the particle-particle electrokinetic interactions. With this simple geometrical configuration of a floating electrode, our results provide a new way to realize trapping of colloidal particles with a small buoyancy velocity under the combined action of ICEO flow and an attractive dipole-dipole interaction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weiyu Liu
- Micro and Nano-technology Research Center, State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, China.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
57
|
Zhou H, Xu S, Sun Z, Zhu R. Shear moduli in bcc-fcc structure transition of colloidal crystals. J Chem Phys 2015; 143:144903. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4932684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hongwei Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Microgravity (National Microgravity Laboratory), Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Shenghua Xu
- Key Laboratory of Microgravity (National Microgravity Laboratory), Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Zhiwei Sun
- Key Laboratory of Microgravity (National Microgravity Laboratory), Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Ruzeng Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Microgravity (National Microgravity Laboratory), Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- State Key Laboratory of Nonlinear Mechanics, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| |
Collapse
|
58
|
Vutukuri HR, Badaire S, de Winter DAM, Imhof A, van Blaaderen A. Directed Self-Assembly of Micron-Sized Gold Nanoplatelets into Oriented Flexible Stacks with Tunable Interplate Distance. NANO LETTERS 2015; 15:5617-5623. [PMID: 26237212 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.5b02384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A growing demand for control over the interparticle spacing and the orientation of anisotropic metallic particles into self-assembled structures is fuelled by their use in potential applications such as in plasmonics, catalysis, sensing, and optoelectronics. Here, we present an improved high yield synthesis method to fabricate micron- and submicron-sized gold nanoplatelets with a thickness less than 20 nm using silver nanoplatelets as seeds. By tuning the depth of the secondary minimum in the DLVO interaction potential between these particles, we are able to assemble the platelets into dynamic and flexible stacks containing thousands of platelets arranged face-to-face with well-defined spacing. Moreover, we demonstrate that the length of the stacks, and the interplate distance can be controlled between tens and hundreds of nm with the ionic strength. We use a high frequency external electric field to control the orientation of the stacks and direct the stacks into highly organized 2D and 3D assemblies that strongly polarize light.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hanumantha Rao Vutukuri
- §Soft Condensed Matter, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Princetonplein 1, 3584 CC, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Stéphane Badaire
- §Soft Condensed Matter, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Princetonplein 1, 3584 CC, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - D A Matthijs de Winter
- +Department of Biology, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Arnout Imhof
- §Soft Condensed Matter, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Princetonplein 1, 3584 CC, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Alfons van Blaaderen
- §Soft Condensed Matter, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Princetonplein 1, 3584 CC, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
59
|
Lash MH, Fedorchak MV, McCarthy JJ, Little SR. Scaling up self-assembly: bottom-up approaches to macroscopic particle organization. SOFT MATTER 2015; 11:5597-5609. [PMID: 25947543 DOI: 10.1039/c5sm00764j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
This review presents an overview of recent work in the field of non-Brownian particle self-assembly. Compared to nanoparticles that naturally self-assemble due to Brownian motion, larger, non-Brownian particles (d > 6 μm) are less prone to autonomously organize into crystalline arrays. The tendency for particle systems to experience immobilization and kinetic arrest grows with particle radius. In order to overcome this kinetic limitation, some type of external driver must be applied to act as an artificial "thermalizing force" upon non-Brownian particles, inducing particle motion and subsequent crystallization. Many groups have explored the use of various agitation methods to overcome the natural barriers preventing self-assembly to which non-Brownian particles are susceptible. The ability to create materials from a bottom-up approach with these characteristics would allow for precise control over their pore structure (size and distribution) and surface properties (topography, functionalization and area), resulting in improved regulation of key characteristics such as mechanical strength, diffusive properties, and possibly even photonic properties. This review will highlight these approaches, as well as discuss the potential impact of bottom-up macroscale particle assembly. The applications of such technology range from customizable and autonomously self-assembled niche microenvironments for drug delivery and tissue engineering to new acoustic dampening, battery, and filtration materials, among others. Additionally, crystals made from non-Brownian particles resemble naturally derived materials such as opals, zeolites, and biological tissue (i.e. bone, cartilage and lung), due to their high surface area, pore distribution, and tunable (multilevel) hierarchy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M H Lash
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, 940 Benedum Hall, 3700 O'Hara Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
60
|
Chung S, Malherbe J, Amokrane S. Effect of an external field on the structure and the phase transitions of a confined mixture of neutral and dipolar hard spheres. Mol Phys 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2015.1014003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
|
61
|
Euán-Díaz EC, Herrera-Velarde S, Misko VR, Peeters FM, Castañeda-Priego R. Structural transitions and long-time self-diffusion of interacting colloids confined by a parabolic potential. J Chem Phys 2015; 142:024902. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4905215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
|
62
|
Muangnapoh K, Avendaño C, Escobedo FA, Liddell Watson CM. Degenerate crystals from colloidal dimers under confinement. SOFT MATTER 2014; 10:9729-9738. [PMID: 25366128 DOI: 10.1039/c4sm01895h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Colloidal aperiodic phases (i.e., entropy stabilized degenerate crystals, DCs) are realized via self-assembly of hollow fluorescent silica dimers under wedge-cell confinement. The dimer building blocks approximate two tangent spheres and their arrangements are studied via laser scanning confocal microscopy. In the DCs, the individual lobes tile a lattice and five distinct DC arrangements with square, triangular or rectangular layer symmetry are determined as a function of confinement height. Moreover, Monte Carlo simulations are used to construct the phase diagram for DCs up to two layer confinements and to analyze structural order in detail. Just as for spheres, the DC structural transitions under confinement are attributed to the ability or frustration to accommodate an integral number of particle layers between hard walls. Unlike spheres, dimers can also experience transitions involving changes in orientation. DCs are among the unconventional structures (e.g., semi-regular tilings, quasicrystals, plastic crystals) expected to enhance the properties of photonic solids.
Collapse
|
63
|
Vutukuri HR, Smallenburg F, Badaire S, Imhof A, Dijkstra M, van Blaaderen A. An experimental and simulation study on the self-assembly of colloidal cubes in external electric fields. SOFT MATTER 2014; 10:9110-9119. [PMID: 25311761 DOI: 10.1039/c4sm01778a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
When a suspension of colloidal particles is placed in an oscillating electric field, the contrast in dielectric constant between the particles and the solvent induces a dipole moment in each of the colloidal particles. The resulting dipole-dipole interactions can strongly influence the phase behavior of the system. We investigate the phase behavior of cube-shaped colloidal particles in electric fields, using both experiments and Monte Carlo simulations. In addition to a string fluid phase and a body centered tetragonal (BCT) crystal phase, we observe a columnar phase consisting of hexagonally ordered strings of rotationally disordered cubes. By simulating the system for a range of pressures and electric field strengths, we map out the phase diagram, and compare the results to the experimentally observed phases. Additionally, we estimate the accuracy of a point-dipole approximation on the alignment of cubes in string-like clusters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hanumantha Rao Vutukuri
- Soft Condensed Matter, Debye Institute for NanoMaterials Science, Utrecht University, 3584 CC Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
64
|
Zhao C, Yuan G, Han CC. Bridging and caging in mixed suspensions of microsphere and adsorptive microgel. SOFT MATTER 2014; 10:8905-8912. [PMID: 25280208 DOI: 10.1039/c4sm01798f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Gelation and glass transition in a mixed suspension of polystyrene (PS) microsphere and poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) microgel were studied as a function of the total colloid volume fraction and mixing ratio of these two components. The PNIPAM microgel, which is adsorbable on the PS microsphere surface, can induce bridging or stabilizing effect between microspheres depending on whether the volume fraction of microgel (ΦMG) is smaller or larger than the saturated adsorption concentration (Φ*MG) for a given volume fraction of the microsphere (ΦMS). Φ*MG is in a linear relationship with ΦMS, and the value of ΦMG/Φ*MG can be taken as an approximate measure of surface coverage. A state diagram of gelation and glass transition is constructed with the short-ranged attractive interaction, resulting from the well-defined bridging bonding. Keeping ΦMG/Φ*MG = 0.20 and increasing ΦMS from 0.25 to 0.55, the mixed suspension transforms from a bridging gel into an attractive glass; moreover, while keeping ΦMS = 0.45 and increasing ΦMG/Φ*MG from 0.20 to 1.2, the mixed suspension changes from a bridging gel into an attractive glass, and then to a repulsive glass. The bridging effect and the cage effect can be distinguished by the yielding behaviors in rheological measurements. In the nonlinear dynamic rheological experiments, one-step yielding, corresponding to the disconnecting of bridge network, is observed in the bridging gel, and one-step yielding, corresponding to the breaking of cage, is observed in the repulsive glass. However, a two-step yielding behavior is found in the bridging-induced attractive glass, which is attributed to the bridging effect of microgels and the caging effect of the dense environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chuanzhuang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Joint Laboratory of Polymer Science and Materials, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100190, China.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
65
|
Crassous JJ, Mihut AM, Wernersson E, Pfleiderer P, Vermant J, Linse P, Schurtenberger P. Field-induced assembly of colloidal ellipsoids into well-defined microtubules. Nat Commun 2014; 5:5516. [PMID: 25409686 PMCID: PMC4263160 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms6516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2014] [Accepted: 10/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Current theoretical attempts to understand the reversible formation of stable microtubules and virus shells are generally based on shape-specific building blocks or monomers, where the local curvature of the resulting structure is explicitly built-in via the monomer geometry. Here we demonstrate that even simple ellipsoidal colloids can reversibly self-assemble into regular tubular structures when subjected to an alternating electric field. Supported by model calculations, we discuss the combined effects of anisotropic shape and field-induced dipolar interactions on the reversible formation of self-assembled structures. Our observations show that the formation of tubular structures through self-assembly requires much less geometrical and interaction specificity than previously thought, and advance our current understanding of the minimal requirements for self-assembly into regular virus-like structures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jérôme J. Crassous
- Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - Adriana M. Mihut
- Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - Erik Wernersson
- Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - Patrick Pfleiderer
- Department of Chemical Engineering, KU Leuven, University of Leuven, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium
- Department of Physics, University of Konstanz, D-78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Jan Vermant
- Department of Chemical Engineering, KU Leuven, University of Leuven, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium
- Department of Materials, ETH Zürich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Per Linse
- Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - Peter Schurtenberger
- Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
66
|
Ma F, Wang S, Zhao H, Wu DT, Wu N. Colloidal structures of asymmetric dimers via orientation-dependent interactions. SOFT MATTER 2014; 10:8349-8357. [PMID: 25207502 DOI: 10.1039/c4sm01492h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We apply an AC electric field to induce anisotropic interactions among asymmetric colloidal dimers. These anisotropic interactions, being shape-specific and orientation-dependent, can create complex and unique structures that are not possible for spherical particles or symmetric dimers. More specifically, we show a series of novel structures that closely resemble one- and two-dimensional antiferromagnetic lattices, including small clusters, linear chains, square lattices, and frustrated triangular arrays. All of them are uniquely formed by alternating association between dimers with opposite orientations. Our theoretical model attributes those patterns to an exquisite balance between electrostatic (primarily dipolar) and electrohydrodynamic interactions. Although similarly oriented dimers are strongly repulsive, the oppositely oriented dimers possess a concave shoulder in the pair interaction, which favors clustering to minimize the number of overlaps between neighboring particles. By combining the anisotropy in both particle geometry and field-induced interaction, our work suggests a new way to tailor colloidal interactions on anisotropic particles, which is important for both scientific understanding and practical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fuduo Ma
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401, USA.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
67
|
Alert R, Casademunt J, Tierno P. Landscape-inversion phase transition in dipolar colloids: tuning the structure and dynamics of 2D crystals. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2014; 113:198301. [PMID: 25415927 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.113.198301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We study the 2D crystalline phases of paramagnetic colloidal particles with dipolar interactions and constrained on a periodic substrate. Combining theory, simulation, and experiments, we demonstrate a new scenario of first-order phase transitions that occurs via a complete inversion of the energy landscape, featuring nonconventional properties that allow for (i) tuning of crystal symmetry, (ii) control of dynamical properties of different crystalline orders via tuning of their relative stability with an external magnetic field, (iii) an equivalent but independent control of the same dynamic properties via temporal modulations of that field, and (iv) nonstandard phase-ordering kinetics involving spontaneous formation of transient metastable domains.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ricard Alert
- Departament d'Estructura i Constituents de la Matèria, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jaume Casademunt
- Departament d'Estructura i Constituents de la Matèria, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pietro Tierno
- Departament d'Estructura i Constituents de la Matèria, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
68
|
Rodríguez-Arco L, López-López MT, Zubarev AY, Gdula K, Durán JDG. Inverse magnetorheological fluids. SOFT MATTER 2014; 10:6256-6265. [PMID: 25022363 DOI: 10.1039/c4sm01103a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We report a new kind of field-responsive fluid consisting of suspensions of diamagnetic (DM) and ferromagnetic (FM) microparticles in ferrofluids. We designate them as inverse magnetorheological (IMR) fluids for analogy with inverse ferrofluids (IFFs). Observations on the particle self-assembly in IMR fluids upon magnetic field application showed that DM and FM microparticles were assembled into alternating chains oriented along the field direction. We explain such assembly on the basis of the dipolar interaction energy between particles. We also present results on the rheological properties of IMR fluids and, for comparison, those of IFFs and bidispersed magnetorheological (MR) fluids. Interestingly, we found that upon magnetic field application, the rheological properties of IMR fluids were enhanced with respect to bidispersed MR fluids with the same FM particle concentration, by an amount greater than the sum of the isolated contribution of DM particles. Furthermore, the field-induced yield stress was moderately increased when up to 30% of the total FM particle content was replaced with DM particles. Beyond this point, the dependence of the yield stress on the DM content was non-monotonic, as expected for FM concentrations decreasing to zero. We explain these synergistic results by two separate phenomena: the formation of exclusion areas for FM particles due to the perturbation of the magnetic field by DM particles and the dipole-dipole interaction between DM and FM particles, which enhances the field-induced structures. Based on the second phenomenon, we present a theoretical model for the yield stress that semi-quantitatively predicts the experimental results.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Rodríguez-Arco
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Granada, Avda. Fuentenueva s/n, 18071, Granada, Spain.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
69
|
Palberg T. Crystallization kinetics of colloidal model suspensions: recent achievements and new perspectives. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2014; 26:333101. [PMID: 25035303 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/26/33/333101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Colloidal model systems allow studying crystallization kinetics under fairly ideal conditions, with rather well-characterized pair interactions and minimized external influences. In complementary approaches experiment, analytic theory and simulation have been employed to study colloidal solidification in great detail. These studies were based on advanced optical methods, careful system characterization and sophisticated numerical methods. Over the last decade, both the effects of the type, strength and range of the pair-interaction between the colloidal particles and those of the colloid-specific polydispersity have been addressed in a quantitative way. Key parameters of crystallization have been derived and compared to those of metal systems. These systematic investigations significantly contributed to an enhanced understanding of the crystallization processes in general. Further, new fundamental questions have arisen and (partially) been solved over the last decade: including, for example, a two-step nucleation mechanism in homogeneous nucleation, choice of the crystallization pathway, or the subtle interplay of boundary conditions in heterogeneous nucleation. On the other hand, via the application of both gradients and external fields the competition between different nucleation and growth modes can be controlled and the resulting microstructure be influenced. The present review attempts to cover the interesting developments that have occurred since the turn of the millennium and to identify important novel trends, with particular focus on experimental aspects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Palberg
- Institut für Physik, Johannes Gutenberg Universität Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
70
|
Heinen M, Palberg T, Löwen H. Coupling between bulk- and surface chemistry in suspensions of charged colloids. J Chem Phys 2014; 140:124904. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4869338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
|
71
|
Chaudhary K, Juárez JJ, Chen Q, Granick S, Lewis JA. Reconfigurable assemblies of Janus rods in AC electric fields. SOFT MATTER 2014; 10:1320-4. [PMID: 24652478 DOI: 10.1039/c3sm52418c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the electric field-induced assembly of Janus colloids composed of silica rods patterned with gold patches in both side- and tip-coated motifs. These shape and chemically anisotropic particles assemble into reconfigurable chains, whose structure depends on patch location, AC electric field strength, and frequency.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kundan Chaudhary
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences and Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
72
|
Schebarchov D, Schulze TP, Hendy SC. Degenerate Ising model for atomistic simulation of crystal-melt interfaces. J Chem Phys 2014; 140:074704. [PMID: 24559357 DOI: 10.1063/1.4864462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the simplest microscopic models for a thermally driven first-order phase transition is an Ising-type lattice system with nearest-neighbour interactions, an external field, and a degeneracy parameter. The underlying lattice and the interaction coupling constant control the anisotropic energy of the phase boundary, the field strength represents the bulk latent heat, and the degeneracy quantifies the difference in communal entropy between the two phases. We simulate the (stochastic) evolution of this minimal model by applying rejection-free canonical and microcanonical Monte Carlo algorithms, and we obtain caloric curves and heat capacity plots for square (2D) and face-centred cubic (3D) lattices with periodic boundary conditions. Since the model admits precise adjustment of bulk latent heat and communal entropy, neither of which affect the interface properties, we are able to tune the crystal nucleation barriers at a fixed degree of undercooling and verify a dimension-dependent scaling expected from classical nucleation theory. We also analyse the equilibrium crystal-melt coexistence in the microcanonical ensemble, where we detect negative heat capacities and find that this phenomenon is more pronounced when the interface is the dominant contributor to the total entropy. The negative branch of the heat capacity appears smooth only when the equilibrium interface-area-to-volume ratio is not constant but varies smoothly with the excitation energy. Finally, we simulate microcanonical crystal nucleation and subsequent relaxation to an equilibrium Wulff shape, demonstrating the model's utility in tracking crystal-melt interfaces at the atomistic level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D Schebarchov
- University Chemical Laboratories, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - T P Schulze
- Department of Mathematics, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996-1300, USA
| | - S C Hendy
- The MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington 6140, New Zealand
| |
Collapse
|
73
|
Nakajima T, Shinoda K, Tsuchiya T. UV-assisted nucleation and growth of oxide films from chemical solutions. Chem Soc Rev 2014; 43:2027-41. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cs60222b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
|
74
|
Zhang TH, Liu XY. Experimental modelling of single-particle dynamic processes in crystallization by controlled colloidal assembly. Chem Soc Rev 2014; 43:2324-47. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cs60398a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A comprehensive review of the experimental modeling of single particle dynamics in crystallization is presented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tian Hui Zhang
- Center for Soft Condensed Matter Physics and Interdisciplinary Research
- Soochow University
- Suzhou, China
| | - Xiang Yang Liu
- Research Institute for Biomimetics and Soft Matter
- Xiamen University
- 361005 Xiamen, P. R. China
- Department of Physics and Department of Chemistry
- National University of Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
75
|
Upadhyaya N, Turner AM, Vitelli V. Solitons and thermal fluctuations in strongly nonlinear solids. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2013; 88:052906. [PMID: 24329330 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.88.052906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2013] [Revised: 09/10/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We study a chain of anharmonic springs with tunable power law interactions as a minimal model to explore the propagation of strongly nonlinear solitary wave excitations in a background of thermal fluctuations. By treating the solitary waves as quasiparticles, we derive an effective Langevin equation and obtain their damping rate and thermal diffusion. These analytical findings compare favorably against numerical results from a Langevin dynamic simulation. In our chains composed of two-sided nonlinear springs, we report the existence of an expansion solitary wave (antisoliton) in addition to the compressive solitary waves observed for noncohesive macroscopic particles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N Upadhyaya
- Instituut-Lorentz for Theoretical Physics, Universiteit Leiden, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - A M Turner
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, P.O. Box 94485, 1090 GL Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - V Vitelli
- Instituut-Lorentz for Theoretical Physics, Universiteit Leiden, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
76
|
Kraft DJ, Wittkowski R, ten Hagen B, Edmond KV, Pine DJ, Löwen H. Brownian motion and the hydrodynamic friction tensor for colloidal particles of complex shape. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2013; 88:050301. [PMID: 24329198 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.88.050301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We synthesize colloidal particles with various anisotropic shapes and track their orientationally resolved Brownian trajectories using confocal microscopy. An analysis of appropriate short-time correlation functions provides direct access to the hydrodynamic friction tensor of the particles revealing nontrivial couplings between the translational and rotational degrees of freedom. The results are consistent with calculations of the hydrodynamic friction tensor in the low-Reynolds-number regime for the experimentally determined particle shapes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniela J Kraft
- Center for Soft Matter Research, Department of Physics, New York University, New York, New York 10003
| | - Raphael Wittkowski
- SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3JZ, United Kingdom
| | - Borge ten Hagen
- Institut für Theoretische Physik II: Weiche Materie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Kazem V Edmond
- Center for Soft Matter Research, Department of Physics, New York University, New York, New York 10003
| | - David J Pine
- Center for Soft Matter Research, Department of Physics, New York University, New York, New York 10003
| | - Hartmut Löwen
- Institut für Theoretische Physik II: Weiche Materie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
77
|
Shields CW, Zhu S, Yang Y, Bharti B, Liu J, Yellen BB, Velev OD, López GP. Field-directed of patchy anisotropic microparticles with defined shape. SOFT MATTER 2013; 9:9219-29. [PMID: 24988939 DOI: 10.1039/c3sm51119g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Electromagnetic fields can generate orientation-dependent, long range interactions between colloidal components that direct their into highly ordered structures, such as small ordered clusters, chains, and large crystalline lattices. While much effort has been devoted to exploring the assembly of spherical colloids, few reports have investigated the directed assembly of non-spherical particles with Janus or patchy morphologies. Here, we use photolithographic techniques to fabricate a wide range of anisotropically shaped patchy particles and follow their in liquid suspensions under the influence of electric and magnetic fields. We analyze the assembly of several types of patchy particles across a range of field parameters and fluid compositions, and report a number of distinct, well-ordered, architectures including cylindrical, prismatic, and staggered chains. The structures assembled from anisotropic patchy components provide a glimpse into the range of architectures that can be created by combining field directed with rationally designed particles. By using numerical simulations to model the electric and magnetic field interactions between these particles, we interpret the results of the assembly process and explain how they can be controlled by the position of the metal facet, the frequency (for AC fields), or magnetic susceptibility of the medium. The resulting structures, and similar ones produced through the field-directed assembly of patchy anisotropic particles, can possess unique electrical and optical properties and may have potential applications in a number of future technology applications such as microactuators, metamaterials and multiferroic materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Wyatt Shields
- Research Triangle Materials Research Science and Engineering Center (Triangle MRSEC), Durham, NC, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
78
|
Raman V, Sharma R, Hatton TA, Olsen BD. Magnetic Field Induced Morphological Transitions in Block Copolymer/Superparamagnetic Nanoparticle Composites. ACS Macro Lett 2013; 2:655-659. [PMID: 35606948 DOI: 10.1021/mz400244r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This two-dimensional computational study investigates the effect of external magnetic fields on thin film nanocomposites comprised of superparamagnetic nanoparticles dispersed within block copolymer melts, which display a variety of morphological transitions based on the field orientation, nanoparticle loading, and selectivity of the nanoparticles for the blocks. In-plane magnetic fields lead to chaining of the nanoparticles; when selective for the minority block in a hexagonal block copolymer nanostructure, this chaining results in the formation of stripe phases oriented parallel to the magnetic field. When selective for the majority block of the hexagonal structure, nanoparticle chains of sufficient persistence length drive the orientation of the hexagonal morphology with the ⟨100⟩ direction oriented parallel to the magnetic field. Out-of-plane magnetic fields induce repulsive dipolar interactions between the nanoparticles that annihilate the defects in the hexagonal morphology of the block copolymer when the nanoparticle is selective for the minority block. When the nanoparticles are selective for the majority block and the field is oriented out of plane, repulsive dipolar interactions lead to the formation of honeycomb lattices. In all cases, the nanoparticle size and volume fraction must be chosen to maximize the commensurability with the block copolymer structure to optimize the ordering of the final composite.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vinay Raman
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
02139, United States
| | - Ravi Sharma
- Cabot Corporation, 157 Concord Road, Billerica, Massachusetts
01821, United States
| | - T. Alan Hatton
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
02139, United States
| | - Bradley D. Olsen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
02139, United States
| |
Collapse
|
79
|
Zhou H, Xu S, Ouyang W, Sun Z, Liu L. Influence of the surface charge on the homogeneity of colloidal crystals. J Chem Phys 2013; 139:064904. [PMID: 23947887 DOI: 10.1063/1.4815920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Five groups of suspensions composed of polystyrene particles, having similar size but different effective surface charge, were adopted to investigate the effects of surface charge and volume fraction on the homogeneity of colloidal crystals through checking the difference between D(exp) and D(uni) by reflection spectroscopy method (D(exp), D(uni) are the experimental and the expected value of the average nearest neighbor interparticle distance by assuming a uniform structure, respectively). We found volume fractions (ranging from 0.006 to 0.02) and structure types basically have no influence on the values of D(exp)/D(uni). Moreover, for crystals formed by lowly charged particles, D(exp)/D(uni) is approximately equal to 1, implying the crystals are homogeneous. With the increase of effective surface charge, D(exp) gradually deviates from D(uni) and the formed crystals become inhomogeneous. Our experimental observations are in accordance with the previous simulation results. Additionally, we also found D(exp)/D(uni) initially drops quickly with increasing effective surface charge and then it tends to an asymptotic value (~0.85), it is supposedly due to the saturation of effective charge. Our relevant computer simulations confirmed that the study scheme that using D(exp)/D(uni) as an indicator to assess the homogeneity of crystal structure is tenable and the simulation results are consistent with experiments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongwei Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Microgravity, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 15 Beisihuanxi Road, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
80
|
Edlund E, Lindgren O, Jacobi MN. Using the uncertainty principle to design simple interactions for targeted self-assembly. J Chem Phys 2013; 139:024107. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4812727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
|
81
|
Liu JX, Men YF. Phase behavior of charge stablized colloid dispersion with added water soluble polymers. CHINESE JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s10118-013-1308-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
|
82
|
Reinmüller A, Palberg T, Schöpe HJ. Charged colloidal model systems under confinement in slit geometry: a new setup for optical microscopic studies. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2013; 84:063907. [PMID: 23822357 DOI: 10.1063/1.4811719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
A new experimental setup for optical microscopic studies of charged colloidal model systems under confinement between two flat walls is presented. The measurement cell consists of optically flat quartz substrates attached to piezo actuators. Those facilitate fast and flexible adjustment of the confining geometry. Optionally, the local cell height can be quantitatively controlled by in situ interferometric measurements. Proper choice of materials guarantees sufficient chemical inertia against contamination with salt ions. For efficient preparation of charged colloidal suspensions under strongly deionized conditions, the cell can be connected to a conventional pump circuit including a mixed bed ion exchanger column. The usefulness of this setup, in particular for investigating the equilibrium phase behavior of colloids at low background salt concentrations, is demonstrated recalling recent experiments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Reinmüller
- Institut für Physik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Staudingerweg 7 55128 Mainz, Germany.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
83
|
Ma F, Wu DT, Wu N. Formation of Colloidal Molecules Induced by Alternating-Current Electric Fields. J Am Chem Soc 2013; 135:7839-42. [DOI: 10.1021/ja403172p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Fuduo Ma
- Department of Chemical and Biological
Engineering, Colorado School of Mines,
Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - David T. Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401, United
States
| | - Ning Wu
- Department of Chemical and Biological
Engineering, Colorado School of Mines,
Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| |
Collapse
|
84
|
Pavaskar G, Punnathanam SN. Determination of favorable inter-particle interactions for formation of substitutionally ordered solid phases from a binary mixture of oppositely charged colloidal suspensions. J Chem Phys 2013; 138:174504. [PMID: 23656141 DOI: 10.1063/1.4802784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The solid phase formed by a binary mixture of oppositely charged colloidal particles can be either substitutionally ordered or substitutionally disordered depending on the nature and strength of interactions among the particles. In this work, we use Monte Carlo molecular simulations along with the Gibbs-Duhem integration technique to map out the favorable inter-particle interactions for the formation of substitutionally ordered crystalline phases from a fluid phase. The inter-particle interactions are modeled using the hard core Yukawa potential but the method can be easily extended to other systems of interest. The study obtains a map of interactions depicting regions indicating the type of the crystalline aggregate that forms upon phase transition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ganeshprasad Pavaskar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Karnataka 560012, India
| | | |
Collapse
|
85
|
Sahaf A, Laborie MPG, Englund K, Garcia-Perez M, McDonald AG. Rheological Properties and Tunable Thermoplasticity of Phenolic Rich Fraction of Pyrolysis Bio-Oil. Biomacromolecules 2013; 14:1132-9. [DOI: 10.1021/bm4000184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amir Sahaf
- Materials Science
and Engineering Program, Washington State University, P.O. Box
641030, Pullman, Washington 99164, United States
| | - Marie-Pierre G. Laborie
- Freiburg Materials
Research Center (FMF), Albert Ludwig University of Freiburg, Stefan Meier Str. 21, Freiburg im Br, 79104,
Germany
| | | | | | - Armando G. McDonald
- Renewable Materials
Program, Department of Forest, Rangeland and Fire Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho 83844-1132,
United
States
| |
Collapse
|
86
|
Frusawa H, Manabe T, Kagiyama E, Hirano K, Kameta N, Masuda M, Shimizu T. Electric moulding of dispersed lipid nanotubes into a nanofluidic device. Sci Rep 2013; 3:2165. [PMID: 23835525 PMCID: PMC3705261 DOI: 10.1038/srep02165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2013] [Accepted: 06/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrophilic nanotubes formed by lipid molecules have potential applications as platforms for chemical or biological events occurring in an attolitre volume inside a hollow cylinder. Here, we have integrated the lipid nanotubes (LNTs) by applying an AC electric field via plug-in electrode needles placed above a substrate. The off-chip assembly method has the on-demand adjustability of an electrode configuration, enabling the dispersed LNT to be electrically moulded into a separate film of parallel LNT arrays in one-step. The fluorescence resonance energy transfer technique as well as the digital microscopy visualised the overall filling of gold nanoparticles up to the inner capacity of an LNT film by capillary action, thereby showing the potential of this flexible film for use as a high-throughput nanofluidic device where not only is the endo-signalling and product in each LNT multiplied but also the encapsulated objects are efficiently transported and reacted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Frusawa
- Institute for Nanotechnology, Kochi University of Technology, Tosa-Yamada, Kochi 782-8502, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
87
|
Nakajima T, Shinoda K, Tsuchiya T. A universal value of effective annealing time for rapid oxide nucleation and growth under pulsed ultraviolet laser irradiation. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2013; 15:14384-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cp52224e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
88
|
Oğuz EC, Reinmüller A, Schöpe HJ, Palberg T, Messina R, Löwen H. Crystalline multilayers of charged colloids in soft confinement: experiment versus theory. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2012; 24:464123. [PMID: 23114225 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/24/46/464123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We combine real-space experiments and lattice sum calculations to investigate the phase diagram of charged colloidal particles under soft confinement. In the experiments we explore the equilibrium phase diagram of charged colloidal spheres in aqueous suspensions confined between two parallel charged walls at low background salt concentrations. Motivated by the experiments, we perform lattice sum minimizations to predict the crystalline ground state of point-like Yukawa particles which are exposed to a soft confining wall potential. In the multilayered crystalline regime, we obtain good agreement between the experimental and numerical findings: upon increasing the density we recover the sequence [structure: see text].
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E C Oğuz
- Institut für Theoretische Physik II, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
89
|
Faunce CA, Paradies HH. Phase Transformations in Lipid A–Diphosphate Initiated by Sodium Hydroxide. J Phys Chem B 2012; 116:12997-3009. [DOI: 10.1021/jp306632q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chester A. Faunce
- The University of Salford, Joule Physics Laboratory, Faculty of Science,
Engineering and Environment,
Manchester M5 4WT, United Kingdom
| | - Henrich H. Paradies
- The University of Salford, Joule Physics Laboratory, Faculty of Science,
Engineering and Environment,
Manchester M5 4WT, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
90
|
Evolution of structure and interaction during aggregation of silica nanoparticles in aqueous electrolyte solution. Chem Phys Lett 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2012.05.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
91
|
Beyer R, Iacopini S, Palberg T, Schöpe HJ. Polymer induced changes of the crystallization scenario in suspensions of hard sphere like microgel particles. J Chem Phys 2012; 136:234906. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4729562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
|
92
|
Hunter GL, Weeks ER. The physics of the colloidal glass transition. REPORTS ON PROGRESS IN PHYSICS. PHYSICAL SOCIETY (GREAT BRITAIN) 2012; 75:066501. [PMID: 22790649 DOI: 10.1088/0034-4885/75/6/066501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 329] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
As one increases the concentration of a colloidal suspension, the system exhibits a dramatic increase in viscosity. Beyond a certain concentration, the system is said to be a colloidal glass; structurally, the system resembles a liquid, yet motions within the suspension are slow enough that it can be considered essentially frozen. For several decades, colloids have served as a valuable model system for understanding the glass transition in molecular systems. The spatial and temporal scales involved allow these systems to be studied by a wide variety of experimental techniques. The focus of this review is the current state of understanding of the colloidal glass transition, with an emphasis on experimental observations. A brief introduction is given to important experimental techniques used to study the glass transition in colloids. We describe features of colloidal systems near and in glassy states, including increases in viscosity and relaxation times, dynamical heterogeneity and ageing, among others. We also compare and contrast the glass transition in colloids to that in molecular liquids. Other glassy systems are briefly discussed, as well as recently developed synthesis techniques that will keep these systems rich with interesting physics for years to come.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gary L Hunter
- Department of Physics, Emory University, Math and Science Center 400 Dowman Dr., N201 Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
93
|
Gu F, Wang H, Li J. Statistical theory for a hydrogen bonding fluid system of A a D d type (IV): Depletion potential between colloid particles. Sci China Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-012-4608-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
94
|
Kählitz P, Stark H. Phase ordering of hard needles on a quasicrystalline substrate. J Chem Phys 2012; 136:174705. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4711086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
|
95
|
Peng B, van der Wee E, Imhof A, van Blaaderen A. Synthesis of monodisperse, highly cross-linked, fluorescent PMMA particles by dispersion polymerization. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2012; 28:6776-6785. [PMID: 22500982 DOI: 10.1021/la301288r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We describe a facile method to synthesize sterically stabilized monodisperse fluorescent poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) colloids in the polar solvent mixture water/methanol with either a core-shell or a homogeneously cross-linked structure by dispersion polymerization. The particles were sterically stabilized by the polymer poly(vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP). The morphology of the particles was controlled by varying the moment at which the gradual addition of cross-linker and dye was started. The absence of these extra agents at a time when the particle nuclei formed reduced the negative effects on this important process to a minimum and produced a core-shell structure, whereas an essentially homogeneously cross-linked fluorescent polymer colloid structure could be obtained by reducing the starting time of the addition of dye and cross-linker to zero. Three different dyes were chemically incorporated into the polymer network. Such dyes are important for the use of the particles in confocal scanning laser microscopy studies aimed at characterizing concentrated dispersions quantitatively in real space. A series of PMMA particles with different sizes were obtained through the variation of the weight ratio of solvents and the content of cross-linker. Furthermore, the swelling properties of the cross-linked PMMA particles in a good solvent (tetrahydrofuran) were investigated. The particles were stable in polar solvents (water and formamide) but could also successfully be transferred to apolar solvents such as decahydronaphthalene (decalin). The PVP stabilizer also allowed the particles to be permanently bonded in flexible strings by the application of an external electric field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Peng
- Soft Condensed Matter, Debye Institute for NanoMaterials Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
96
|
Reinmüller A, Oğuz EC, Messina R, Löwen H, Schöpe HJ, Palberg T. Colloidal crystallization in the quasi-two-dimensional induced by electrolyte gradients. J Chem Phys 2012; 136:164505. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4705393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
|
97
|
Pavaskar G, Sharma S, Punnathanam SN. Effect of charge asymmetry and charge screening on structure of superlattices formed by oppositely charged colloidal particles. J Chem Phys 2012; 136:134506. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3700226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
|
98
|
Yang H, Jiang P, Jiang B. Vapor detection enabled by self-assembled colloidal photonic crystals. J Colloid Interface Sci 2012; 370:11-8. [PMID: 22249160 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2011.12.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2011] [Revised: 12/09/2011] [Accepted: 12/21/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Here we report the sensitive and reversible detection of vapors by using self-assembled colloidal photonic crystals. The condensation of various vapors in the interstitials of silica colloidal photonic crystals leads to red-shift and amplitude reduction of optical stop bands. A linear relationship between wavelength shift and vapor partial pressure has been observed for a variety of vapors including ethanol, water, and toluene. Importantly, the sensitivity of colloidal photonic crystal-based vapor detectors can be improved by nearly two orders of magnitude by using a new full-peak analysis technique that takes advantage of the manifest amplitude reduction of optical stop bands during vapor condensation. Optical simulation based on a scalar-wave approximation model shows that the predicted optical responses during vapor condensation in colloidal photonic crystals agree well with experimental results. The condensation of vapors between submicrometer-scale microspheres, a topic that has received little examination, has also been investigated by both experiments and theoretical calculations. Predictions based on a modified Kelvin equation match with the experiments for a wide range of vapor partial pressures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongta Yang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
99
|
Shestopalov NV, Henkelman G, Rodin GJ. Guided self-assembly of electrostatic binary monolayers via isothermal-isobaric control. J Chem Phys 2011; 135:154501. [PMID: 22029318 DOI: 10.1063/1.3650370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Self-assembly of a binary monolayer of charged particles is modeled using molecular dynamics and statistical mechanics. The equilibrium phase diagram for the system has three distinct phases: an ionic crystal; a geometrically ordered crystal with disordered charges; and a fluid. We show that self-assembly occurs near the phase transition between the ionic crystal and the fluid, and that the rate of ordering is sensitive to the applied pressure. By assuming an Arrhenius form for the rate of ordering, an optimality condition for the temperature and pressure is derived that maximizes the rate. Using the Clausius-Clapeyron equation, the optimal point on the phase boundary is expressed in terms of the thermodynamic changes in state variables across the boundary. The predicted optimal temperature and pressure conditions are in good agreement with numerical simulations and result in self-organization rates five times that of a simulation without applied pressure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nickolay V Shestopalov
- Institute for Computational Engineering and Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
100
|
Goel V, Pietrasik J, Dong H, Sharma J, Matyjaszewski K, Krishnamoorti R. Structure of Polymer Tethered Highly Grafted Nanoparticles. Macromolecules 2011. [DOI: 10.1021/ma200621r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Goel
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204, United States
| | - Joanna Pietrasik
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Polymer and Dye Technology, Technical University of Lodz, 90 924 Lodz, Poland
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Hongchen Dong
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Jitendra Sharma
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204, United States
| | - Krzysztof Matyjaszewski
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Ramanan Krishnamoorti
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204, United States
| |
Collapse
|