51
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Pariset E, Pudda C, Boizot F, Verplanck N, Revol-Cavalier F, Berthier J, Thuaire A, Agache V. Purification of complex samples: Implementation of a modular and reconfigurable droplet-based microfluidic platform with cascaded deterministic lateral displacement separation modules. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0197629. [PMID: 29768490 PMCID: PMC5955588 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0197629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Particle separation in microfluidic devices is a common problematic for sample preparation in biology. Deterministic lateral displacement (DLD) is efficiently implemented as a size-based fractionation technique to separate two populations of particles around a specific size. However, real biological samples contain components of many different sizes and a single DLD separation step is not sufficient to purify these complex samples. When connecting several DLD modules in series, pressure balancing at the DLD outlets of each step becomes critical to ensure an optimal separation efficiency. A generic microfluidic platform is presented in this paper to optimize pressure balancing, when DLD separation is connected either to another DLD module or to a different microfluidic function. This is made possible by generating droplets at T-junctions connected to the DLD outlets. Droplets act as pressure controllers, which perform at the same time the encapsulation of DLD sorted particles and the balance of output pressures. The optimized pressures to apply on DLD modules and on T-junctions are determined by a general model that ensures the equilibrium of the entire platform. The proposed separation platform is completely modular and reconfigurable since the same predictive model applies to any cascaded DLD modules of the droplet-based cartridge.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Jean Berthier
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, LETI, DTBS, Grenoble, France
| | | | - Vincent Agache
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, LETI, DTBS, Grenoble, France
- * E-mail:
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52
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Li Y, Zhang H, Li Y, Li X, Wu J, Qian S, Li F. Dynamic control of particle separation in deterministic lateral displacement separator with viscoelastic fluids. Sci Rep 2018; 8:3618. [PMID: 29483594 PMCID: PMC5827740 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-21827-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
We proposed an innovative method to achieve dynamic control of particle separation by employing viscoelastic fluids in deterministic lateral displacement (DLD) arrays. The effects of shear-thinning and elasticity of working fluids on the critical separation size in DLD arrays are investigated. It is observed that each effect can lead to the variation of the critical separation size by approximately 40%. Since the elasticity strength of the fluid is related to the shear rate, the dynamic control can for the first time be easily realized through tuning the flow rate in microchannels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuke Li
- School of Energy Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Hongna Zhang
- School of Energy Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China. .,Sino-French Institute of Nuclear Engineering and Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, 519000, China.
| | - Yongyao Li
- School of Energy Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Xiaobin Li
- Sino-French Institute of Nuclear Engineering and Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, 519000, China
| | - Jian Wu
- School of Energy Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Shizhi Qian
- Institute of Micro/Nanotechnology, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia, 23529, USA
| | - Fengchen Li
- Sino-French Institute of Nuclear Engineering and Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, 519000, China.
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53
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Abstract
![]()
Hydrodynamic phenomena
are ubiquitous in living organisms and can
be used to manipulate cells or emulate physiological microenvironments
experienced in vivo. Hydrodynamic effects influence multiple cellular
properties and processes, including cell morphology, intracellular
processes, cell–cell signaling cascades and reaction kinetics,
and play an important role at the single-cell, multicellular, and
organ level. Selected hydrodynamic effects can also be leveraged to
control mechanical stresses, analyte transport, as well as local temperature
within cellular microenvironments. With a better understanding of
fluid mechanics at the micrometer-length scale and the advent of microfluidic
technologies, a new generation of experimental tools that provide
control over cellular microenvironments and emulate physiological
conditions with exquisite accuracy is now emerging. Accordingly, we
believe that it is timely to assess the concepts underlying hydrodynamic
control of cellular microenvironments and their applications and provide
some perspective on the future of such tools in in vitro cell-culture
models. Generally, we describe the interplay between living cells,
hydrodynamic stressors, and fluid flow-induced effects imposed on
the cells. This interplay results in a broad range of chemical, biological,
and physical phenomena in and around cells. More specifically, we
describe and formulate the underlying physics of hydrodynamic phenomena
affecting both adhered and suspended cells. Moreover, we provide an
overview of representative studies that leverage hydrodynamic effects
in the context of single-cell studies within microfluidic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah Huber
- IBM Research-Zürich , Säumerstrasse 4, 8803 Rüschlikon, Switzerland.,Institute of Chemical and Bioengineering, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich , Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Ali Oskooei
- IBM Research-Zürich , Säumerstrasse 4, 8803 Rüschlikon, Switzerland
| | - Xavier Casadevall I Solvas
- Institute of Chemical and Bioengineering, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich , Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Andrew deMello
- Institute of Chemical and Bioengineering, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich , Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Govind V Kaigala
- IBM Research-Zürich , Säumerstrasse 4, 8803 Rüschlikon, Switzerland
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54
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Separation of pathogenic bacteria by chain length. Anal Chim Acta 2018; 1000:223-231. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2017.11.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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55
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Du S, Shojaei-Zadeh S, Drazer G. Liquid-based stationary phase for deterministic lateral displacement separation in microfluidics. SOFT MATTER 2017; 13:7649-7656. [PMID: 28990019 DOI: 10.1039/c7sm01510k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Deterministic lateral displacement (DLD) is a promising separation scheme in microfluidic systems. In traditional DLD, a periodic array of solid posts induces the separative migration of suspended particles moving through the system. Here, we present a radical departure from traditional DLD systems and use an array of anchored liquid-bridges as the stationary phase in the DLD device. The liquid-bridges are created between two parallel plates and anchored to the bottom one by cylindrical wells. We show that the non-linear particle dynamics observed in traditional DLD systems is also present in the anchored-liquid case, enabling analogous size-based separation of suspended particles. The use of liquid-bridges as the stationary phase presents additional possibilities in separation technologies, potentially eliminating or significantly reducing clogging, enabling renewable and/or reconfigurable systems, allowing a different set of fabrication methods and providing alternative ways to separate particles based on their interaction with liquid-liquid interfaces. Some of these advantages could also extend to filtration methods based on similar liquid-based stationary phases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siqi Du
- Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Department, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, USA.
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56
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Wu T, Shao C, Li L, Wang S, Ouyang Q, Kang Y, Luo C. Streamline-based purification of bacterial samples from liquefied sputum utilizing microfluidics. LAB ON A CHIP 2017; 17:3601-3608. [PMID: 28975175 DOI: 10.1039/c7lc00771j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The separation or purification of bacterial samples from a mixed cell suspension is critical in a variety of biomedical applications, such as sputum diagnostics and cell biology studies. We propose a streamline-based microfluidic filtration device for highly efficient purification of bacterial samples from a mixed cell suspension. The device is composed of tens of repeated streamline-based separation units that continuously filter the solution. By injecting a liquid sample such as liquefied human sputum solution through the device, approximately 50% of the injected sample solution can be collected from the filtration collection channels, which filter approximately 99.9% of the mammalian cells but retain approximately 60% to 90% of the bacteria. Different injection rates (0.2 ml h-1 to 30 ml h-1), different sample viscosities, and different initial bacterial densities were tested and confirmed that our separation method was robust. The easy operation, robustness and high efficiency indicate that our method may be useful for the separation or purification of bacterial samples from a mixed cell suspension, such as bacterial samples for sputum diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Wu
- The State Key Laboratory for Artificial Microstructures and Mesoscopic Physics, School of Physics, Peking University, China.
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57
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Vernekar R, Krüger T, Loutherback K, Morton K, W Inglis D. Anisotropic permeability in deterministic lateral displacement arrays. LAB ON A CHIP 2017; 17:3318-3330. [PMID: 28861573 DOI: 10.1039/c7lc00785j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
We uncover anisotropic permeability in microfluidic deterministic lateral displacement (DLD) arrays. A DLD array can achieve high-resolution bimodal size-based separation of microparticles, including bioparticles, such as cells. For an application with a given separation size, correct device operation requires that the flow remains at a fixed angle to the obstacle array. We demonstrate via experiments and lattice-Boltzmann simulations that subtle array design features cause anisotropic permeability. Anisotropic permeability indicates the microfluidic array's intrinsic tendency to induce an undesired lateral pressure gradient. This can cause an inclined flow and therefore local changes in the critical separation size. Thus, particle trajectories can become unpredictable and the device useless for the desired separation task. Anisotropy becomes severe for arrays with unequal axial and lateral gaps between obstacle posts and highly asymmetric post shapes. Furthermore, of the two equivalent array layouts employed with the DLD, the rotated-square layout does not display intrinsic anisotropy. We therefore recommend this layout over the easier-to-implement parallelogram layout. We provide additional guidelines for avoiding adverse effects of anisotropy on the DLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohan Vernekar
- School of Engineering, University of Edinburgh, King's Buildings, Edinburgh, UK.
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58
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Warning AD, Datta AK. Mechanistic understanding of non-spherical bacterial attachment and deposition on plant surface structures. Chem Eng Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2016.11.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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59
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A comparison of microfiltration and inertia-based microfluidics for large scale suspension separation. Sep Purif Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2016.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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60
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Yousuff CM, Ho ETW, Hussain K. I, Hamid NHB. Microfluidic Platform for Cell Isolation and Manipulation Based on Cell Properties. MICROMACHINES 2017. [PMCID: PMC6189901 DOI: 10.3390/mi8010015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Caffiyar Mohamed Yousuff
- Correspondence: (C.M.Y.); (E.T.W.H.); (N.H.B.H.); Tel.: +60-1678-50269 (C.M.Y.); +60-1238-17752 (E.T.W.H.); +60-1927-87127 (N.H.B.H.)
| | - Eric Tatt Wei Ho
- Correspondence: (C.M.Y.); (E.T.W.H.); (N.H.B.H.); Tel.: +60-1678-50269 (C.M.Y.); +60-1238-17752 (E.T.W.H.); +60-1927-87127 (N.H.B.H.)
| | | | - Nor Hisham B. Hamid
- Correspondence: (C.M.Y.); (E.T.W.H.); (N.H.B.H.); Tel.: +60-1678-50269 (C.M.Y.); +60-1238-17752 (E.T.W.H.); +60-1927-87127 (N.H.B.H.)
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61
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Salafi T, Zeming KK, Zhang Y. Advancements in microfluidics for nanoparticle separation. LAB ON A CHIP 2016; 17:11-33. [PMID: 27830852 DOI: 10.1039/c6lc01045h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticles have been widely implemented for healthcare and nanoscience industrial applications. Thus, efficient and effective nanoparticle separation methods are essential for advancement in these fields. However, current technologies for separation, such as ultracentrifugation, electrophoresis, filtration, chromatography, and selective precipitation, are not continuous and require multiple preparation steps and a minimum sample volume. Microfluidics has offered a relatively simple, low-cost, and continuous particle separation approach, and has been well-established for micron-sized particle sorting. Here, we review the recent advances in nanoparticle separation using microfluidic devices, focusing on its techniques, its advantages over conventional methods, and its potential applications, as well as foreseeable challenges in the separation of synthetic nanoparticles and biological molecules, especially DNA, proteins, viruses, and exosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thoriq Salafi
- NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, Centre for Life Sciences (CeLS), National University of Singapore, 05-01 28 Medical Drive, 117456 Singapore. and Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, 9 Engineering Drive 1, Block EA #03-12, 117576 Singapore
| | - Kerwin Kwek Zeming
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, 9 Engineering Drive 1, Block EA #03-12, 117576 Singapore
| | - Yong Zhang
- NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, Centre for Life Sciences (CeLS), National University of Singapore, 05-01 28 Medical Drive, 117456 Singapore. and Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, 9 Engineering Drive 1, Block EA #03-12, 117576 Singapore
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62
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Wunsch BH, Smith JT, Gifford SM, Wang C, Brink M, Bruce RL, Austin RH, Stolovitzky G, Astier Y. Nanoscale lateral displacement arrays for the separation of exosomes and colloids down to 20 nm. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2016; 11:936-940. [PMID: 27479757 DOI: 10.1038/nnano.2016.134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 357] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Accepted: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Deterministic lateral displacement (DLD) pillar arrays are an efficient technology to sort, separate and enrich micrometre-scale particles, which include parasites, bacteria, blood cells and circulating tumour cells in blood. However, this technology has not been translated to the true nanoscale, where it could function on biocolloids, such as exosomes. Exosomes, a key target of 'liquid biopsies', are secreted by cells and contain nucleic acid and protein information about their originating tissue. One challenge in the study of exosome biology is to sort exosomes by size and surface markers. We use manufacturable silicon processes to produce nanoscale DLD (nano-DLD) arrays of uniform gap sizes ranging from 25 to 235 nm. We show that at low Péclet (Pe) numbers, at which diffusion and deterministic displacement compete, nano-DLD arrays separate particles between 20 to 110 nm based on size with sharp resolution. Further, we demonstrate the size-based displacement of exosomes, and so open up the potential for on-chip sorting and quantification of these important biocolloids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin H Wunsch
- IBM T.J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, New York 10598, USA
| | - Joshua T Smith
- IBM T.J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, New York 10598, USA
| | - Stacey M Gifford
- IBM T.J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, New York 10598, USA
| | - Chao Wang
- IBM T.J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, New York 10598, USA
| | - Markus Brink
- IBM T.J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, New York 10598, USA
| | - Robert L Bruce
- IBM T.J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, New York 10598, USA
| | - Robert H Austin
- Department of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08540, USA
| | - Gustavo Stolovitzky
- IBM T.J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, New York 10598, USA
- Department of Genetics and Genomics Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York 10029, USA
| | - Yann Astier
- IBM T.J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, New York 10598, USA
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63
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Henry E, Holm SH, Zhang Z, Beech JP, Tegenfeldt JO, Fedosov DA, Gompper G. Sorting cells by their dynamical properties. Sci Rep 2016; 6:34375. [PMID: 27708337 PMCID: PMC5052630 DOI: 10.1038/srep34375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2016] [Accepted: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in cell sorting aim at the development of novel methods that are sensitive to various mechanical properties of cells. Microfluidic technologies have a great potential for cell sorting; however, the design of many micro-devices is based on theories developed for rigid spherical particles with size as a separation parameter. Clearly, most bioparticles are non-spherical and deformable and therefore exhibit a much more intricate behavior in fluid flow than rigid spheres. Here, we demonstrate the use of cells’ mechanical and dynamical properties as biomarkers for separation by employing a combination of mesoscale hydrodynamic simulations and microfluidic experiments. The dynamic behavior of red blood cells (RBCs) within deterministic lateral displacement (DLD) devices is investigated for different device geometries and viscosity contrasts between the intra-cellular fluid and suspending medium. We find that the viscosity contrast and associated cell dynamics clearly determine the RBC trajectory through a DLD device. Simulation results compare well to experiments and provide new insights into the physical mechanisms which govern the sorting of non-spherical and deformable cells in DLD devices. Finally, we discuss the implications of cell dynamics for sorting schemes based on properties other than cell size, such as mechanics and morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewan Henry
- Theoretical Soft Matter and Biophysics, Institute of Complex Systems and Institute for Advanced Simulation, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Stefan H Holm
- Division of Solid State Physics, NanoLund, Lund University, PO Box 118, S-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Zunmin Zhang
- Theoretical Soft Matter and Biophysics, Institute of Complex Systems and Institute for Advanced Simulation, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Jason P Beech
- Division of Solid State Physics, NanoLund, Lund University, PO Box 118, S-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Jonas O Tegenfeldt
- Division of Solid State Physics, NanoLund, Lund University, PO Box 118, S-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Dmitry A Fedosov
- Theoretical Soft Matter and Biophysics, Institute of Complex Systems and Institute for Advanced Simulation, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Gerhard Gompper
- Theoretical Soft Matter and Biophysics, Institute of Complex Systems and Institute for Advanced Simulation, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
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64
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Zhang Z, Henry E, Gompper G, Fedosov DA. Behavior of rigid and deformable particles in deterministic lateral displacement devices with different post shapes. J Chem Phys 2016; 143:243145. [PMID: 26723630 DOI: 10.1063/1.4937171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Deterministic lateral displacement (DLD) devices have great potential for the separation and sorting of various suspended particles based on their size, shape, deformability, and other intrinsic properties. Currently, the basic idea for the separation mechanism is that the structure and geometry of DLDs uniquely determine the flow field, which in turn defines a critical particle size and the particle lateral displacement within a device. We employ numerical simulations using coarse-grained mesoscopic methods and two-dimensional models to elucidate the dynamics of both rigid spherical particles and deformable red blood cells (RBCs) in different DLD geometries. Several shapes of pillars, including circular, diamond, square, and triangular structures, and a few particle sizes are considered. The simulation results show that a critical particle size can be well defined for rigid spherical particles and depends on the details of the DLD structure and the corresponding flow field within the device. However, non-isotropic and deformable particles such as RBCs exhibit much more complex dynamics within a DLD device, which cannot properly be described by a single parameter such as the critical size. The dynamics and deformation of soft particles within a DLD device become also important, indicating that not only size sorting, but additional sorting targets (e.g., shape, deformability, internal viscosity) are possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zunmin Zhang
- Theoretical Soft Matter and Biophysics, Institute of Complex Systems and Institute for Advanced Simulation, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Ewan Henry
- Theoretical Soft Matter and Biophysics, Institute of Complex Systems and Institute for Advanced Simulation, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Gerhard Gompper
- Theoretical Soft Matter and Biophysics, Institute of Complex Systems and Institute for Advanced Simulation, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Dmitry A Fedosov
- Theoretical Soft Matter and Biophysics, Institute of Complex Systems and Institute for Advanced Simulation, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
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65
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Chen L, An HZ, Haghgooie R, Shank AT, Martel JM, Toner M, Doyle PS. Flexible Octopus-Shaped Hydrogel Particles for Specific Cell Capture. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2016; 12:2001-2008. [PMID: 26929053 PMCID: PMC4903076 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201600163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2016] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Multiarm hydrogel microparticles with varying geometry are fabricated to specifically capture cells expressing epithelial cell adhesion molecule. Results show that particle shape influences cell-capture efficiency due to differences in surface area, hydrodynamic effects, and steric constraints. These findings can lead to improved particle design for cell separation and diagnostic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynna Chen
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Harry Z An
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Ramin Haghgooie
- General Fluidics, 34 Anderson St., Ste 5, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Aaron T Shank
- Center for Engineering in Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Building 114, 16th Street, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Joseph M Martel
- Center for Engineering in Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Building 114, 16th Street, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Mehmet Toner
- Center for Engineering in Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Building 114, 16th Street, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Patrick S Doyle
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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66
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Zeming KK, Salafi T, Chen CH, Zhang Y. Asymmetrical Deterministic Lateral Displacement Gaps for Dual Functions of Enhanced Separation and Throughput of Red Blood Cells. Sci Rep 2016; 6:22934. [PMID: 26961061 PMCID: PMC4785430 DOI: 10.1038/srep22934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2015] [Accepted: 02/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Deterministic lateral displacement (DLD) method for particle separation in microfluidic devices has been extensively used for particle separation in recent years due to its high resolution and robust separation. DLD has shown versatility for a wide spectrum of applications for sorting of micro particles such as parasites, blood cells to bacteria and DNA. DLD model is designed for spherical particles and efficient separation of blood cells is challenging due to non-uniform shape and size. Moreover, separation in sub-micron regime requires the gap size of DLD systems to be reduced which exponentially increases the device resistance, resulting in greatly reduced throughput. This paper shows how simple application of asymmetrical DLD gap-size by changing the ratio of lateral-gap (GL) to downstream-gap (GD) enables efficient separation of RBCs without greatly restricting throughput. This method reduces the need for challenging fabrication of DLD pillars and provides new insight to the current DLD model. The separation shows an increase in DLD critical diameter resolution (separate smaller particles) and increase selectivity for non-spherical RBCs. The RBCs separate better as compared to standard DLD model with symmetrical gap sizes. This method can be applied to separate non-spherical bacteria or sub-micron particles to enhance throughput and DLD resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerwin Kwek Zeming
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 3, Block E4 #04-08, 117583, Singapore.,Cellular and Molecular Bioengineering Lab, National University of Singapore, Block E3A, #07-06, 7 Engineering Drive 1, 117574, Singapore.,Singapore Institute for Neurotechnology (SINAPSE), 28 Medical Dr. #05-COR, 117456, Singapore
| | - Thoriq Salafi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 3, Block E4 #04-08, 117583, Singapore.,Cellular and Molecular Bioengineering Lab, National University of Singapore, Block E3A, #07-06, 7 Engineering Drive 1, 117574, Singapore.,NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, Centre for Life Sciences (CeLS), National University of Singapore, 05-01 28 Medical Drive, Singapore 117456, Singapore
| | - Chia-Hung Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 3, Block E4 #04-08, 117583, Singapore.,Singapore Institute for Neurotechnology (SINAPSE), 28 Medical Dr. #05-COR, 117456, Singapore
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 3, Block E4 #04-08, 117583, Singapore.,Cellular and Molecular Bioengineering Lab, National University of Singapore, Block E3A, #07-06, 7 Engineering Drive 1, 117574, Singapore.,NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, Centre for Life Sciences (CeLS), National University of Singapore, 05-01 28 Medical Drive, Singapore 117456, Singapore
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67
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Zeming KK, Thakor NV, Zhang Y, Chen CH. Real-time modulated nanoparticle separation with an ultra-large dynamic range. LAB ON A CHIP 2016; 16:75-85. [PMID: 26575003 DOI: 10.1039/c5lc01051a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticles exhibit size-dependent properties which make size-selective purification of proteins, DNA or synthetic nanoparticles essential for bio-analytics, clinical medicine, nano-plasmonics and nano-material sciences. Current purification methods of centrifugation, column chromatography and continuous-flow techniques suffer from particle aggregation, multi-stage process, complex setups and necessary nanofabrication. These increase process costs and time, reduce efficiency and limit dynamic range. Here, we achieve an unprecedented real-time nanoparticle separation (51-1500 nm) using a large-pore (2 μm) deterministic lateral displacement (DLD) device. No external force fields or nanofabrication are required. Instead, we investigated innate long-range electrostatic influences on nanoparticles within a fluid medium at different NaCl ionic concentrations. In this study we account for the electrostatic forces beyond Debye length and showed that they cannot be assumed as negligible especially for precise nanoparticle separation methods such as DLD. Our findings have enabled us to develop a model to simultaneously quantify and modulate the electrostatic force interactions between nanoparticle and micropore. By simply controlling buffer solutions, we achieve dynamic nanoparticle size separation on a single device with a rapid response time (<20 s) and an enlarged dynamic range (>1200%), outperforming standard benchtop centrifuge systems. This novel method and model combines device simplicity, isolation precision and dynamic flexibility, opening opportunities for high-throughput applications in nano-separation for industrial and biological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerwin Kwek Zeming
- Singapore Institute for Neurotechnology (SINAPSE), 28 Medical Dr. #05-COR, 117456 Singapore
| | - Nitish V Thakor
- Singapore Institute for Neurotechnology (SINAPSE), 28 Medical Dr. #05-COR, 117456 Singapore and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Traylor 701/720 Rutland Ave, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, 9 Engineering Drive 1, Block EA #03-12, 117576 Singapore. and Cellular and Molecular Bioengineering Lab, National University of Singapore, Block E3A, #07-06, 7 Engineering Drive 1, 117574 Singapore
| | - Chia-Hung Chen
- Singapore Institute for Neurotechnology (SINAPSE), 28 Medical Dr. #05-COR, 117456 Singapore and Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, 9 Engineering Drive 1, Block EA #03-12, 117576 Singapore.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjin Hosic
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Shashi K. Murthy
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
- Barnett Institute of Chemical and Biological Analysis, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Abigail N. Koppes
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
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69
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Salieb-Beugelaar GB, Zhang B, Nigo MM, Frischmann S, Hunziker PR. Improving diagnosis of pneumococcal disease by multiparameter testing and micro/nanotechnologies. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NANOMEDICINE 2016. [DOI: 10.1515/ejnm-2016-0012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
AbstractThe diagnosis and management of pneumococcal disease remains challenging, in particular in children who often are asymptomatic carriers, and in low-income countries with a high morbidity and mortality from febrile illnesses where the broad range of bacterial, viral and parasitic cases are in contrast to limited, diagnostic resources. Integration of multiple markers into a single, rapid test is desirable in such situations. Likewise, the development of multiparameter tests for relevant arrays of pathogens is important to avoid overtreatment of febrile syndromes with antibiotics. Miniaturization of tests through use of micro- and nanotechnologies combines several advantages: miniaturization reduces sample requirements, reduces the use of consumables and reagents leading to a reduction in costs, facilitates parallelization, enables point-of-care use of diagnostic equipment and even reduces the amount of potentially infectious disposables, characteristics that are highly desirable in most healthcare settings. This critical review emphasizes our vision on the importance of multiparametric testing for diagnosing pneumococcal infections in patients with fever and examines recent relevant developments in micro/nanotechnologies to achieve this goal.
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D'Silva J, Austin RH, Sturm JC. Inhibition of clot formation in deterministic lateral displacement arrays for processing large volumes of blood for rare cell capture. LAB ON A CHIP 2015; 15:2240-7. [PMID: 25855487 PMCID: PMC4423904 DOI: 10.1039/c4lc01409j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Microfluidic deterministic lateral displacement (DLD) arrays have been applied for fractionation and analysis of cells in quantities of ~100 μL of blood, with processing of larger quantities limited by clogging in the chip. In this paper, we (i) demonstrate that this clogging phenomenon is due to conventional platelet-driven clot formation, (ii) identify and inhibit the two dominant biological mechanisms driving this process, and (iii) characterize how further reductions in clot formation can be achieved through higher flow rates and blood dilution. Following from these three advances, we demonstrate processing of 14 mL equivalent volume of undiluted whole blood through a single DLD array in 38 minutes to harvest PC3 cancer cells with ~86% yield. It is possible to fit more than 10 such DLD arrays on a single chip, which would then provide the capability to process well over 100 mL of undiluted whole blood on a single chip in less than one hour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph D'Silva
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA.
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Wei J, Song H, Shen Z, He Y, Xu X, Zhang Y, Li BN. Numerical Study of Pillar Shapes in Deterministic Lateral Displacement Microfluidic Arrays for Spherical Particle Separation. IEEE Trans Nanobioscience 2015; 14:660-7. [PMID: 26011890 DOI: 10.1109/tnb.2015.2431855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Deterministic lateral displacement (DLD) arrays containing shaped pillars have been found to be more effective in biomedical sample separation. This study aims to numerically investigate the interplay between particles and microfluidic arrays, and to find out the key factors in determining the critical size of a DLD device with shaped pillars. A new formula is thus proposed to estimate the critical size for spherical particle separation in this kind of new DLD microfluidic arrays. The simulation results show that both rectangular and I-shaped arrays have considerably smaller critical sizes. The ratio of sub-channel widths is also found to play an important role in reducing the critical sizes. This paves a valuable way toward designing high-performance DLD microfluidic arrays.
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