51
|
Pike VW. Hypervalent aryliodine compounds as precursors for radiofluorination. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2018; 61:196-227. [PMID: 28981159 PMCID: PMC10081107 DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.3570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Over the last 2 decades or so, hypervalent iodine compounds, such as diaryliodonium salts and aryliodonium ylides, have emerged as useful precursors for labeling homoarenes and heteroarenes with no-carrier-added cyclotron-produced [18 F]fluoride ion (t1/2 = 109.8 min). They permit rapid and effective radiofluorination at electron-rich as well as electron-deficient aryl rings, and often with unrestricted choice of ring position. Consequently, hypervalent aryliodine compounds have found special utility as precursors to various small-molecule 18 F-labeling synthons and to many radiotracers for biomedical imaging with positron emission tomography. This review summarizes this advance in radiofluorination chemistry, with emphasis on precursor synthesis, radiofluorination mechanism, method scope, and method application.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Victor W Pike
- Molecular Imaging Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| |
Collapse
|
52
|
Pees A, Sewing C, Vosjan MJWD, Tadino V, Herscheid JDM, Windhorst AD, Vugts DJ. Fast and reliable generation of [18F]triflyl fluoride, a gaseous [18F]fluoride source. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:10179-10182. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cc03206h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Reactive [18F]fluoride was generated from gaseous [18F]triflyl fluoride and used for a wide range of radiofluorination reactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A. Pees
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine
- Location Radionuclidecenter
- 1081 HV Amsterdam
- The Netherlands
| | - C. Sewing
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine
- Location Radionuclidecenter
- 1081 HV Amsterdam
- The Netherlands
| | | | | | - J. D. M. Herscheid
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine
- Location Radionuclidecenter
- 1081 HV Amsterdam
- The Netherlands
| | - A. D. Windhorst
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine
- Location Radionuclidecenter
- 1081 HV Amsterdam
- The Netherlands
| | - D. J. Vugts
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine
- Location Radionuclidecenter
- 1081 HV Amsterdam
- The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
53
|
Nebel N, Strauch B, Maschauer S, Lasch R, Rampp H, Fehler SK, Bock LR, Hübner H, Gmeiner P, Heinrich MR, Prante O. [ 18F]Fluorophenylazocarboxylates: Design and Synthesis of Potential Radioligands for Dopamine D3 and μ-Opioid Receptor. ACS OMEGA 2017; 2:8649-8659. [PMID: 29479577 PMCID: PMC5819854 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.7b01374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
18F-Labeled building blocks from the type of [18F]fluorophenylazocarboxylic-tert-butyl esters offer a rapid, mild, and reliable method for the 18F-fluoroarylation of biomolecules. Two series of azocarboxamides were synthesized as potential radioligands for dopamine D3 and the μ-opioid receptor, revealing compounds 3d and 3e with single-digit and sub-nanomolar affinity for the D3 receptor and compound 4c with only micromolar affinity for the μ-opioid receptor, but enhanced selectivity for the μ-subtype in comparison to the lead compound AH-7921. A "minimalist procedure" without the use of a cryptand and base for the preparation of 4-[18F]fluorophenylazocarboxylic-tert-butyl ester [18F]2a was established, together with the radiosynthesis of methyl-, methoxy-, and phenyl-substituted derivatives ([18F]2b-f). With the substituted [18F]fluorophenylazocarbylates in hand, two prototype azocarboxylates radioligands were synthesized by 18F-fluoroarylation, namely the methoxy azocarboxamide [18F]3d as the D3 receptor radioligand and [18F]4a as a prototype structure of the μ-opioid receptor radioligand. By introducing the new series of [18F]fluorophenylazocarboxylic-tert-butyl esters, the method of 18F-fluoroarylation was significantly expanded, thereby demonstrating the versatility of 18F-labeled phenylazocarboxylates for the design of potential radiotracers for positron emission tomography .
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natascha Nebel
- Department
of Nuclear Medicine, Molecular Imaging and Radiochemistry, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg
(FAU), Schwabachanlage
6, Erlangen D-91054, Germany
| | - Brigitte Strauch
- Department
of Nuclear Medicine, Molecular Imaging and Radiochemistry, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg
(FAU), Schwabachanlage
6, Erlangen D-91054, Germany
| | - Simone Maschauer
- Department
of Nuclear Medicine, Molecular Imaging and Radiochemistry, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg
(FAU), Schwabachanlage
6, Erlangen D-91054, Germany
| | - Roman Lasch
- Department
of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Medicinal Chemistry, Emil Fischer Center, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg
(FAU), Schuhstrasse 19, Erlangen D-91052, Germany
| | - Hannelore Rampp
- Department
of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Medicinal Chemistry, Emil Fischer Center, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg
(FAU), Schuhstrasse 19, Erlangen D-91052, Germany
| | - Stefanie K. Fehler
- Department
of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Medicinal Chemistry, Emil Fischer Center, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg
(FAU), Schuhstrasse 19, Erlangen D-91052, Germany
| | - Leonard R. Bock
- Department
of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Medicinal Chemistry, Emil Fischer Center, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg
(FAU), Schuhstrasse 19, Erlangen D-91052, Germany
| | - Harald Hübner
- Department
of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Medicinal Chemistry, Emil Fischer Center, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg
(FAU), Schuhstrasse 19, Erlangen D-91052, Germany
| | - Peter Gmeiner
- Department
of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Medicinal Chemistry, Emil Fischer Center, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg
(FAU), Schuhstrasse 19, Erlangen D-91052, Germany
| | - Markus R. Heinrich
- Department
of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Medicinal Chemistry, Emil Fischer Center, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg
(FAU), Schuhstrasse 19, Erlangen D-91052, Germany
| | - Olaf Prante
- Department
of Nuclear Medicine, Molecular Imaging and Radiochemistry, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg
(FAU), Schwabachanlage
6, Erlangen D-91054, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
54
|
Convenient Preparation of 18F-Labeled Peptide Probes for Potential Claudin-4 PET Imaging. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2017; 10:ph10040099. [PMID: 29258264 PMCID: PMC5748654 DOI: 10.3390/ph10040099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Revised: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Since pancreatic cancer is often diagnosed in a late state of cancer development, diagnostic opportunities allowing early disease detection are highly sought after. As such, cancer expression of claudin proteins is markedly dysregulated, making it an attractive target for molecular imaging like positron emission tomography (PET). Claudins are a family of transmembrane proteins that have a pivotal role as members of the tight junctions. In particular, claudin-3 and claudin-4 are frequently overexpressed in pancreatic cancer. 18F-Labeled claudin selective peptides would provide access to a novel kind of imaging tools for pancreatic cancer. In this work we describe the synthesis of the first 18F-labeled probes potentially suitable for PET imaging of claudin-4 expression. These probes were prepared using oxime ligation of 5-[18F]fluoro-5-deoxyribose (5-[18F]FDR) to claudin selective peptides. As a proof-of-principle, one of them, 5-[18F]FDR-Clone 27, was isolated in >98% radiochemical purity and in 15% radiochemical yield (EOB) within 98 min, and with a molar activity of 4.0 GBq/μmol (for 30 MBq of tracer). Moreover, we present first biological data for the prepared 5-FDR-conjugates. These tracers could pave the way for an early diagnosis of pancreatic tumor, and thus improve the outcome of anticancer therapy.
Collapse
|
55
|
A Practical Method for the Preparation of 18F-Labeled Aromatic Amino Acids from Nucleophilic [ 18F]Fluoride and Stannyl Precursors for Electrophilic Radiohalogenation. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22122231. [PMID: 29244780 PMCID: PMC6149761 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22122231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Revised: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In a recent contribution of Scott et al., the substrate scope of Cu-mediated nucleophilic radiofluorination with [18F]KF for the preparation of 18F-labeled arenes was extended to aryl- and vinylstannanes. Based on these findings, the potential of this reaction for the production of clinically relevant positron emission tomography (PET) tracers was investigated. To this end, Cu-mediated radiofluorodestannylation using trimethyl(phenyl)tin as a model substrate was re-evaluated with respect to different reaction parameters. The resulting labeling protocol was applied for 18F-fluorination of different electron-rich, -neutral and -poor arylstannyl substrates in RCCs of 16-88%. Furthermore, this method was utilized for the synthesis of 18F-labeled aromatic amino acids from additionally N-Boc protected commercially available stannyl precursors routinely applied for electrophilic radiohalogenation. Finally, an automated synthesis of 6-[18F]fluoro-l-m-tyrosine (6-[18F]FMT), 2-[18F]fluoro-l-tyrosine (2-[18F]F-Tyr), 6-[18F]fluoro-l-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (6-[18F]FDOPA) and 3-O-methyl-6-[18F]FDOPA ([18F]OMFD) was established furnishing these PET probes in isolated radiochemical yields (RCYs) of 32-54% on a preparative scale. Remarkably, the automated radiosynthesis of 6-[18F]FDOPA afforded an exceptionally high RCY of 54 ± 5% (n = 5).
Collapse
|
56
|
Zlatopolskiy BD, Zischler J, Schäfer D, Urusova EA, Guliyev M, Bannykh O, Endepols H, Neumaier B. Discovery of 7-[18F]Fluorotryptophan as a Novel Positron Emission Tomography (PET) Probe for the Visualization of Tryptophan Metabolism in Vivo. J Med Chem 2017; 61:189-206. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b01245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Boris D. Zlatopolskiy
- Institute
of Neuroscience and Medicine, INM-5: Nuclear Chemistry, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich 52428, Germany
- Institute
of Radiochemistry and Experimental Molecular Imaging, University Clinic Cologne, Cologne 50937, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Cologne 50931, Germany
| | - Johannes Zischler
- Institute
of Neuroscience and Medicine, INM-5: Nuclear Chemistry, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich 52428, Germany
- Institute
of Radiochemistry and Experimental Molecular Imaging, University Clinic Cologne, Cologne 50937, Germany
| | - Dominique Schäfer
- Institute
of Neuroscience and Medicine, INM-5: Nuclear Chemistry, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich 52428, Germany
| | - Elizaveta A. Urusova
- Institute
of Neuroscience and Medicine, INM-5: Nuclear Chemistry, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich 52428, Germany
- Institute
of Radiochemistry and Experimental Molecular Imaging, University Clinic Cologne, Cologne 50937, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Cologne 50931, Germany
| | - Mehrab Guliyev
- Institute
of Neuroscience and Medicine, INM-5: Nuclear Chemistry, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich 52428, Germany
- Institute
of Radiochemistry and Experimental Molecular Imaging, University Clinic Cologne, Cologne 50937, Germany
| | - Olesia Bannykh
- Institute
of Neuroscience and Medicine, INM-5: Nuclear Chemistry, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich 52428, Germany
- Institute
of Radiochemistry and Experimental Molecular Imaging, University Clinic Cologne, Cologne 50937, Germany
| | - Heike Endepols
- Institute
of Neuroscience and Medicine, INM-5: Nuclear Chemistry, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich 52428, Germany
- Institute
of Radiochemistry and Experimental Molecular Imaging, University Clinic Cologne, Cologne 50937, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Cologne 50931, Germany
- Department
of Nuclear Medicine, University Clinic Cologne, Cologne 50937, Germany
| | - Bernd Neumaier
- Institute
of Neuroscience and Medicine, INM-5: Nuclear Chemistry, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich 52428, Germany
- Institute
of Radiochemistry and Experimental Molecular Imaging, University Clinic Cologne, Cologne 50937, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Cologne 50931, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
57
|
Edgar FG, Hansen HD, Leth-Petersen S, Ettrup A, Kristensen JL, Knudsen GM, Herth MM. Synthesis, radiofluorination, and preliminary evaluation of the potential 5-HT 2A receptor agonists [ 18 F]Cimbi-92 and [ 18 F]Cimbi-150. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2017; 60:586-591. [PMID: 28856700 DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.3557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Revised: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
An agonist PET tracer is of key interest for the imaging of the 5-HT2A receptor, as exemplified by the previously reported success of [11 C]Cimbi-36. Fluorine-18 holds several advantages over carbon-11, making it the radionuclide of choice for clinical purposes. In this respect, an 18 F-labelled agonist 5-HT2A receptor (5-HT2A R) tracer is highly sought after. Herein, we report a 2-step, 1-pot labelling methodology of 2 tracer candidates. Both ligands display high in vitro affinities for the 5-HT2A R. The compounds were synthesised from easily accessible labelling precursors, and radiolabelled in acceptable radiochemical yields, sufficient for in vivo studies in domestic pigs. PET images partially conformed to the expected brain distribution of the 5-HT2A R; a notable exception however being significant uptake in the striatum and thalamus. Additionally, a within-scan displacement challenge with a 5-HT2A R antagonist was unsuccessful, indicating that the tracers cannot be considered optimal for neuroimaging of the 5-HT2A R.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fraser Graeme Edgar
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Hanne D Hansen
- Neurobiology Research Unit and Center for Integrated Molecular Brain Imaging, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Anders Ettrup
- Neurobiology Research Unit and Center for Integrated Molecular Brain Imaging, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jesper L Kristensen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Gitte M Knudsen
- Neurobiology Research Unit and Center for Integrated Molecular Brain Imaging, Copenhagen, Denmark
- University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Matthias M Herth
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Neurobiology Research Unit and Center for Integrated Molecular Brain Imaging, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine and PET, Copenhagen, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
58
|
Kniess T, Laube M, Steinbach J. “Hydrous 18 F-fluoroethylation” – Leaving off the azeotropic drying. Appl Radiat Isot 2017; 127:260-268. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2017.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Revised: 06/07/2017] [Accepted: 06/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
|
59
|
Iwata R, Pascali C, Terasaki K, Ishikawa Y, Furumoto S, Yanai K. Minimization of the amount of Kryptofix 222 - KHCO 3 for applications to microscale 18 F-radiolabeling. Appl Radiat Isot 2017; 125:113-118. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2017.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2016] [Revised: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
|
60
|
Zhou D, Kim SH, Chu W, Voller T, Katzenellenbogen JA. Evaluation of aromatic radiobromination by nucleophilic substitution using diaryliodonium salt precursors. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2017; 60:450-456. [PMID: 28512784 DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.3519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2017] [Revised: 05/05/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Radiobromine-labeled compounds can be used for positron emission tomography (PET) imaging (ie, 76 Br) and for radiation therapy (ie, 77 Br). However, the commonly used electrophilic substitution reaction using no-carrier-added radiobromide does not always afford the desired product due to the high reactivity of the brominating intermediate. A nucleophilic substitution by bromide, such as radiobromination of iodonium precursors, provides an alternative route for the synthesis of bromo-radiopharmaceuticals. The applicability of aromatic radiobromination by nucleophilic substitution using diaryliodonium salt precursors was evaluated using iodonium model compounds and [76 Br]/[77 Br]bromide. Radiobromination was observed under all conditions tested, in up to quantitative yields. A QMA cartridge treatment method and a base-free method have been developed, and no extra base is needed for either methods. The base-free conditions are mild and afford much cleaner reactions. Up to 20% water is tolerated in the reactions without reducing the radiochemical yields. No-carrier-added and carrier-added reactions afforded similar results. 4-Bromobenzaldehyde and 4-bromobenzoate have been radiosynthesized reliably and in good yields. These results indicate that this method is robust and efficient and thus will provide a route for radiobromination of electron-deficient arenes and an alternative route for the synthesis of bromo-radiopharmaceuticals for biological evaluations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dong Zhou
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Washington University in Saint Louis, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Sung Hoon Kim
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, USA
| | - Wenhua Chu
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Washington University in Saint Louis, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Thomas Voller
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Washington University in Saint Louis, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
61
|
Klenner MA, Pascali G, Zhang B, Sia TR, Spare LK, Krause‐Heuer AM, Aldrich‐Wright JR, Greguric I, Guastella AJ, Massi M, Fraser BH. A Fluorine‐18 Radiolabeling Method Enabled by Rhenium(I) Complexation Circumvents the Requirement of Anhydrous Conditions. Chemistry 2017; 23:6499-6503. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201700440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mitchell A. Klenner
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation (ANSTO) New Illawarra Rd Lucas Heights New South Wales Australia
- Department of Chemistry Curtin University Kent St Bentley Western Australia Australia
| | - Giancarlo Pascali
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation (ANSTO) New Illawarra Rd Lucas Heights New South Wales Australia
- Brain and Mind Centre The University of Sydney Mallett St Camperdown New South Wales Australia
| | - Bo Zhang
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation (ANSTO) New Illawarra Rd Lucas Heights New South Wales Australia
- Monash University Wellington Road Clayton Victoria Australia
| | - Tiffany R. Sia
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation (ANSTO) New Illawarra Rd Lucas Heights New South Wales Australia
- Brain and Mind Centre The University of Sydney Mallett St Camperdown New South Wales Australia
| | - Lawson K. Spare
- School of Science and Health Western Sydney University Penrith New South Wales Australia
| | - Anwen M. Krause‐Heuer
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation (ANSTO) New Illawarra Rd Lucas Heights New South Wales Australia
| | | | - Ivan Greguric
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation (ANSTO) New Illawarra Rd Lucas Heights New South Wales Australia
| | - Adam J. Guastella
- Brain and Mind Centre The University of Sydney Mallett St Camperdown New South Wales Australia
| | - Massimiliano Massi
- Department of Chemistry Curtin University Kent St Bentley Western Australia Australia
| | - Benjamin H. Fraser
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation (ANSTO) New Illawarra Rd Lucas Heights New South Wales Australia
| |
Collapse
|
62
|
Mossine AV, Brooks AF, Ichiishi N, Makaravage KJ, Sanford MS, Scott PJH. Development of Customized [ 18F]Fluoride Elution Techniques for the Enhancement of Copper-Mediated Late-Stage Radiofluorination. Sci Rep 2017. [PMID: 28331174 DOI: 10.1038/s41598‐017‐00110‐1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
In a relatively short period of time, transition metal-mediated radiofluorination reactions have changed the PET radiochemistry landscape. These reactions have enabled the radiofluorination of a wide range of substrates, facilitating access to radiopharmaceuticals that were challenging to synthesize using traditional fluorine-18 radiochemistry. However, the process of adapting these new reactions for automated radiopharmaceutical production has revealed limitations in fitting them into the confines of traditional radiochemistry systems. In particular, the presence of bases (e.g. K2CO3) and/or phase transfer catalysts (PTC) (e.g. kryptofix 2.2.2) associated with fluorine-18 preparation has been found to be detrimental to reaction yields. We hypothesized that these limitations could be addressed through the development of alternate techniques for preparing [18F]fluoride. This approach also opens the possibility that an eluent can be individually tailored to meet the specific needs of a metal-catalyzed reaction of interest. In this communication, we demonstrate that various solutions of copper salts, bases, and ancillary ligands can be utilized to elute [18F]fluoride from ion exchange cartridges. The new procedures are effective for fluorine-18 radiochemistry and, as proof of concept, have been used to optimize an otherwise base-sensitive copper-mediated radiofluorination reaction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew V Mossine
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan Medical School, 1301 Catherine St., Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Allen F Brooks
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan Medical School, 1301 Catherine St., Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Naoko Ichiishi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Katarina J Makaravage
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Melanie S Sanford
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
| | - Peter J H Scott
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan Medical School, 1301 Catherine St., Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA. .,Interdepartmental Program in Medicinal Chemistry, University of Michigan, 428 Church St., Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
63
|
Mossine AV, Brooks AF, Ichiishi N, Makaravage KJ, Sanford MS, Scott PJH. Development of Customized [ 18F]Fluoride Elution Techniques for the Enhancement of Copper-Mediated Late-Stage Radiofluorination. Sci Rep 2017; 7:233. [PMID: 28331174 PMCID: PMC5427906 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-00110-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2016] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
In a relatively short period of time, transition metal-mediated radiofluorination reactions have changed the PET radiochemistry landscape. These reactions have enabled the radiofluorination of a wide range of substrates, facilitating access to radiopharmaceuticals that were challenging to synthesize using traditional fluorine-18 radiochemistry. However, the process of adapting these new reactions for automated radiopharmaceutical production has revealed limitations in fitting them into the confines of traditional radiochemistry systems. In particular, the presence of bases (e.g. K2CO3) and/or phase transfer catalysts (PTC) (e.g. kryptofix 2.2.2) associated with fluorine-18 preparation has been found to be detrimental to reaction yields. We hypothesized that these limitations could be addressed through the development of alternate techniques for preparing [18F]fluoride. This approach also opens the possibility that an eluent can be individually tailored to meet the specific needs of a metal-catalyzed reaction of interest. In this communication, we demonstrate that various solutions of copper salts, bases, and ancillary ligands can be utilized to elute [18F]fluoride from ion exchange cartridges. The new procedures are effective for fluorine-18 radiochemistry and, as proof of concept, have been used to optimize an otherwise base-sensitive copper-mediated radiofluorination reaction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew V Mossine
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan Medical School, 1301 Catherine St., Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Allen F Brooks
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan Medical School, 1301 Catherine St., Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Naoko Ichiishi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Katarina J Makaravage
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Melanie S Sanford
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
| | - Peter J H Scott
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan Medical School, 1301 Catherine St., Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
- Interdepartmental Program in Medicinal Chemistry, University of Michigan, 428 Church St., Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
64
|
Zischler J, Kolks N, Modemann D, Neumaier B, Zlatopolskiy BD. Alcohol-Enhanced Cu-Mediated Radiofluorination. Chemistry 2017; 23:3251-3256. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201604633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Zischler
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, INM-5: Nuclear Chemistry; Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH; 52425 Jülich Germany
- Institute of Radiochemistry and Experimental Molecular Imaging; University Clinic Cologne; Kerpener Str. 62 50937 Cologne Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research; Gleueler Str. 50 50931 Cologne Germany
| | - Niklas Kolks
- Institute of Radiochemistry and Experimental Molecular Imaging; University Clinic Cologne; Kerpener Str. 62 50937 Cologne Germany
| | - Daniel Modemann
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, INM-5: Nuclear Chemistry; Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH; 52425 Jülich Germany
| | - Bernd Neumaier
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, INM-5: Nuclear Chemistry; Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH; 52425 Jülich Germany
- Institute of Radiochemistry and Experimental Molecular Imaging; University Clinic Cologne; Kerpener Str. 62 50937 Cologne Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research; Gleueler Str. 50 50931 Cologne Germany
| | - Boris D. Zlatopolskiy
- Institute of Radiochemistry and Experimental Molecular Imaging; University Clinic Cologne; Kerpener Str. 62 50937 Cologne Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research; Gleueler Str. 50 50931 Cologne Germany
| |
Collapse
|
65
|
Basuli F, Zhang X, Jagoda EM, Choyke PL, Swenson RE. Facile room temperature synthesis of fluorine-18 labeled fluoronicotinic acid-2,3,5,6-tetrafluorophenyl ester without azeotropic drying of fluorine-18. Nucl Med Biol 2016; 43:770-772. [PMID: 27693671 PMCID: PMC5118155 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2016.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2016] [Revised: 08/12/2016] [Accepted: 08/18/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Fluorine-18 labeled fluoronicotinic acid-2,3,5,6-tetrafluorophenyl ester has been successfully synthesized in an unprecedented way by flowing an acetonitrile solution of its quaternary ammonium salt precursor (N,N,N-trimethyl-5-((2,3,5,6-tetrafluorophenoxy)carbonyl)pyridin-2-aminium trifluoromethanesulfonate, 1) through an anion exchange cartridge. The fluorination reaction proceeded at room temperature without azeotropic drying of the fluoride. Over 75% conversion was observed with 10mg of precursor in 2:8, acetonitrile: t-butanol in 1min. The total synthesis time was 5min which is ~30min shorter than the current literature method.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Falguni Basuli
- Imaging Probe Development Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD.
| | - Xiang Zhang
- Imaging Probe Development Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD
| | - Elaine M Jagoda
- Molecular Imaging Program, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Peter L Choyke
- Molecular Imaging Program, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Rolf E Swenson
- Imaging Probe Development Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD
| |
Collapse
|
66
|
Gassner C, Neuber C, Laube M, Bergmann R, Kniess T, Pietzsch J. Development of a18F-labeled Diaryl-Substituted Dihydropyrrolo[3,2,1-hi]indole as Potential Probe for Functional Imaging of Cyclooxygenase-2 with PET. ChemistrySelect 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201601618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cemena Gassner
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf; Department of Radiopharmaceutical and Chemical Biology, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research; Bautzner Landstrasse 400 01328 Dresden Germany
- Department of Chemistry and Food Chemistry; Technische Universität Dresden; 01062 Dresden Germany
| | - Christin Neuber
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf; Department of Radiopharmaceutical and Chemical Biology, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research; Bautzner Landstrasse 400 01328 Dresden Germany
| | - Markus Laube
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf; Department of Radiopharmaceutical and Chemical Biology, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research; Bautzner Landstrasse 400 01328 Dresden Germany
| | - Ralf Bergmann
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf; Department of Radiopharmaceutical and Chemical Biology, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research; Bautzner Landstrasse 400 01328 Dresden Germany
| | - Torsten Kniess
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf; Department of Radiopharmaceutical and Chemical Biology, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research; Bautzner Landstrasse 400 01328 Dresden Germany
| | - Jens Pietzsch
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf; Department of Radiopharmaceutical and Chemical Biology, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research; Bautzner Landstrasse 400 01328 Dresden Germany
- Department of Chemistry and Food Chemistry; Technische Universität Dresden; 01062 Dresden Germany
| |
Collapse
|
67
|
Evaluation of two nucleophilic syntheses routes for the automated synthesis of 6-[ 18F]fluoro-l-DOPA. Nucl Med Biol 2016; 45:35-42. [PMID: 27886621 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2016.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2016] [Revised: 09/09/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Two different strategies for the nucleophilic radiosynthesis of [18F]F-DOPA were evaluated regarding their applicability for an automated routine production on an Ecker&Ziegler Modular-Lab Standard module. Initially, we evaluated a promising 5-step synthesis based on a chiral, cinchonidine-derived phase-transfer catalyst (cPTC) being described to give the product in high radiochemical yields (RCY), high specific activities (AS) and high enantiomeric excesses (ee). However, the radiosynthesis of [18F]F-DOPA based on this strategy showed to be highly complex, giving the intermediate products as well as the final product in insufficient yields for automatization. Furthermore, the automatization proved to be problematic due to incomplete radiochemical conversions and the formation of precipitates during the enantioselective reaction step. Furthermore, the required use of HI at 180°C during the last reaction step led to partial decomposition of lines and seals of the module which further counteracts an automatization. Further on, we evaluated a 3-step synthesis using the commercially available, enantiomerically pure precursor AB1336 for automatization. This synthesis approach gave much better results and [18F]F-DOPA could be produced fully automated within 114min in RCYs of 20±1%, ee of >96%, a radiochemical purity (RCP) of >98% and specific activities of up to 2.2GBq/μmol.
Collapse
|
68
|
Warnier C, Lemaire C, Becker G, Zaragoza G, Giacomelli F, Aerts J, Otabashi M, Bahri MA, Mercier J, Plenevaux A, Luxen A. Enabling Efficient Positron Emission Tomography (PET) Imaging of Synaptic Vesicle Glycoprotein 2A (SV2A) with a Robust and One-Step Radiosynthesis of a Highly Potent 18F-Labeled Ligand ([ 18F]UCB-H). J Med Chem 2016; 59:8955-8966. [PMID: 27598384 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b00905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
We herein describe the straightforward synthesis of a stable pyridyl(4-methoxyphenyl)iodonium salt and its [18F] radiolabeling within a one-step, fully automated and cGMP compliant radiosynthesis of [18F]UCB-H ([18F]7), a PET tracer for the imaging of synaptic vesicle glycoprotein 2A (SV2A). Over the course of 1 year, 50 automated productions provided 34 ± 2% of injectable [18F]7 from up to 285 GBq (7.7 Ci) of [18F]fluoride in 50 min (uncorrected radiochemical yield, specific activity of 815 ± 185 GBq/μmol). The successful implementation of our synthetic strategy within routine, high-activity, and cGMP productions attests to its practicality and reliability for the production of large doses of [18F]7. In addition to enabling efficient and cost-effective clinical research on a range of neurological pathologies through the imaging of SV2A, this work further demonstrates the real value of iodonium salts for the cGMP 18F-PET tracer manufacturing industry, and their ability to fulfill practical and regulatory requirements in that field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Corentin Warnier
- GIGA Cyclotron Research Centre In Vivo Imaging, University of Liege , 4000 Liege, Belgium
| | - Christian Lemaire
- GIGA Cyclotron Research Centre In Vivo Imaging, University of Liege , 4000 Liege, Belgium
| | - Guillaume Becker
- GIGA Cyclotron Research Centre In Vivo Imaging, University of Liege , 4000 Liege, Belgium
| | - Guillermo Zaragoza
- Unidad de RX, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela , 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Fabrice Giacomelli
- GIGA Cyclotron Research Centre In Vivo Imaging, University of Liege , 4000 Liege, Belgium
| | - Joël Aerts
- GIGA Cyclotron Research Centre In Vivo Imaging, University of Liege , 4000 Liege, Belgium.,INSERM U1148 , 75018 Paris, France
| | | | - Mohamed Ali Bahri
- GIGA Cyclotron Research Centre In Vivo Imaging, University of Liege , 4000 Liege, Belgium
| | | | - Alain Plenevaux
- GIGA Cyclotron Research Centre In Vivo Imaging, University of Liege , 4000 Liege, Belgium
| | - André Luxen
- GIGA Cyclotron Research Centre In Vivo Imaging, University of Liege , 4000 Liege, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
69
|
Yuan Z, Cheng R, Chen P, Liu G, Liang SH. Efficient Pathway for the Preparation of Aryl(isoquinoline)iodonium(III) Salts and Synthesis of Radiofluorinated Isoquinolines. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:11882-11886. [PMID: 27554850 PMCID: PMC5175407 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201606381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Iodonium compounds play a pivotal role in (18) F-fluorination of radiopharmaceuticals containing non-activated arenes. However, preparation of these species is limited to oxidation conditions or exchange with organometallics that are prepared from aryl halides. Herein we describe a novel "one-pot" process to assemble aryl(isoquinoline)iodonium salts in 40-94 % yields from mesoionic carbene silver complex and Aryl-I-Py2 (OTf)2 . The method is general, practical, and compatible with well-functionalized molecules as well as useful for the preparation of a wide range of (18) F-labeled isoquinolines resulting in up to 92 % radiochemical conversion. As proof of concept, a fluorinated isoquinoline alkaloid, (18) F-aspergillitine is prepared in 10 % isolated radiochemical yield from the corresponding phenyl(aspergillitine)iodonium salt.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zheliang Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry , Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032 (China)
| | - Ran Cheng
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
- Gordon Center for Medical Imaging & Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit St., Boston, MA (USA)
| | - Pinhong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry , Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032 (China)
| | - Guosheng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry , Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032 (China)
| | - Steven H. Liang
- Gordon Center for Medical Imaging & Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit St., Boston, MA (USA)
| |
Collapse
|
70
|
Zischler J, Krapf P, Richarz R, Zlatopolskiy BD, Neumaier B. Automated synthesis of 4-[18F]fluoroanisole, [18F]DAA1106 and 4-[18F]FPhe using Cu-mediated radiofluorination under “minimalist” conditions. Appl Radiat Isot 2016; 115:133-137. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2016.04.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2015] [Revised: 04/14/2016] [Accepted: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
71
|
Schäfer D, Weiß P, Ermert J, Castillo Meleán J, Zarrad F, Neumaier B. Preparation of No-Carrier-Added 6-[18F]Fluoro-l-tryptophan via Cu-Mediated Radiofluorination. European J Org Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201600705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dominique Schäfer
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH; Institut für Neurowissenschaften und Medizin; INM-5: Nuklearchemie; 52425 Jülich Germany
| | - Philipp Weiß
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH; Institut für Neurowissenschaften und Medizin; INM-5: Nuklearchemie; 52425 Jülich Germany
| | - Johannes Ermert
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH; Institut für Neurowissenschaften und Medizin; INM-5: Nuklearchemie; 52425 Jülich Germany
| | - Johnny Castillo Meleán
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH; Institut für Neurowissenschaften und Medizin; INM-5: Nuklearchemie; 52425 Jülich Germany
| | - Fadi Zarrad
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH; Institut für Neurowissenschaften und Medizin; INM-5: Nuklearchemie; 52425 Jülich Germany
| | - Bernd Neumaier
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH; Institut für Neurowissenschaften und Medizin; INM-5: Nuklearchemie; 52425 Jülich Germany
- Institute of Radiochemistry and Experimental Molecular Imaging; University Hospital Cologne; Kerpener Str. 62 50937 Cologne Germany
| |
Collapse
|
72
|
Yuan Z, Cheng R, Chen P, Liu G, Liang SH. Efficient Pathway for the Preparation of Aryl(isoquinoline)iodonium(III) Salts and Synthesis of Radiofluorinated Isoquinolines. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201606381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zheliang Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry; Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Ran Cheng
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology; Tianjin University; Tianjin 300072 China
- Gordon Center for Medical Imaging & Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging; Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School; 55 Fruit St. Boston MA USA
| | - Pinhong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry; Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Guosheng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry; Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Steven H. Liang
- Gordon Center for Medical Imaging & Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging; Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School; 55 Fruit St. Boston MA USA
| |
Collapse
|
73
|
Wang ZX, Shi WM, Bi HY, Li XH, Su GF, Mo DL. Synthesis of N-(2-Hydroxyaryl)benzotriazoles via Metal-Free O-Arylation and N–O Bond Cleavage. J Org Chem 2016; 81:8014-21. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.6b01390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Xin Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Ministry of Science and Technology of China, School of Chemistry & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, 15 Yu Cai Road, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Wei-Min Shi
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Ministry of Science and Technology of China, School of Chemistry & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, 15 Yu Cai Road, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Hong-Yan Bi
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Ministry of Science and Technology of China, School of Chemistry & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, 15 Yu Cai Road, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Xiao-Hua Li
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Ministry of Science and Technology of China, School of Chemistry & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, 15 Yu Cai Road, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Gui-Fa Su
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Ministry of Science and Technology of China, School of Chemistry & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, 15 Yu Cai Road, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Dong-Liang Mo
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Ministry of Science and Technology of China, School of Chemistry & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, 15 Yu Cai Road, Guilin 541004, China
| |
Collapse
|
74
|
Preshlock S, Tredwell M, Gouverneur V. (18)F-Labeling of Arenes and Heteroarenes for Applications in Positron Emission Tomography. Chem Rev 2016; 116:719-66. [PMID: 26751274 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 477] [Impact Index Per Article: 59.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Diverse radiochemistry is an essential component of nuclear medicine; this includes imaging techniques such as positron emission tomography (PET). As such, PET can track diseases at an early stage of development, help patient care planning through personalized medicine and support drug discovery programs. Fluorine-18 is the most frequently used radioisotope in PET radiopharmaceuticals for both clinical and preclinical research. Its physical and nuclear characteristics (97% β(+) decay, 109.8 min half-life, 635 keV positron energy) and high specific activity make it an attractive nuclide for labeling and molecular imaging. Arenes and heteroarenes are privileged candidates for (18)F-incorporation as they are metabolically robust and therefore widely used by medicinal chemists and radiochemists alike. For many years, the range of (hetero)arenes amenable to (18)F-fluorination was limited by the lack of chemically diverse precursors, and of radiochemical methods allowing (18)F-incorporation in high selectivity and efficiency (radiochemical yield and purity, specific activity, and radio-scalability). The appearance of late-stage fluorination reactions catalyzed by transition metal or small organic molecules (organocatalysis) has encouraged much research on the use of these activation manifolds for (18)F-fluorination. In this piece, we review all of the reactions known to date to install the (18)F substituent and other key (18)F-motifs (e.g., CF3, CHF2, OCF3, SCF3, OCHF2) of medicinal relevance onto (hetero)arenes. The field has changed significantly in the past five years, and the current trend suggests that the radiochemical space available for PET applications will expand rapidly in the near future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sean Preshlock
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford , Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew Tredwell
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford , Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - Véronique Gouverneur
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford , Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
75
|
Krapf P, Richarz R, Urusova EA, Neumaier B, Zlatopolskiy BD. Seyferth-Gilbert Homologation as a Route to18F-Labeled Building Blocks: Preparation of Radiofluorinated Phenylacetylenes and Their Application in PET Chemistry. European J Org Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201501377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
76
|
Shi WM, Ma XP, Pan CX, Su GF, Mo DL. Tandem C–O and C–N Bonds Formation Through O-Arylation and [3,3]-Rearrangement by Diaryliodonium Salts: Synthesis of N-Aryl Benzo[1,2,3]triazin-4(1H)-one Derivatives. J Org Chem 2015; 80:11175-83. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.5b01947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Min Shi
- Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Ministry of Education of China, School of Chemistry & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, 15 Yu Cai Road, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Xiao-Pan Ma
- Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Ministry of Education of China, School of Chemistry & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, 15 Yu Cai Road, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Cheng-Xue Pan
- Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Ministry of Education of China, School of Chemistry & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, 15 Yu Cai Road, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Gui-Fa Su
- Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Ministry of Education of China, School of Chemistry & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, 15 Yu Cai Road, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Dong-Liang Mo
- Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Ministry of Education of China, School of Chemistry & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, 15 Yu Cai Road, Guilin 541004, China
| |
Collapse
|
77
|
Abstract
This chapter focuses on recent developments in metal-free and metal-catalyzed arylations with diaryliodonium salts (diaryl-λ3-iodanes). Synthetic routes to diaryliodonium salts are briefly described, and chemoselectivity trends with unsymmetric iodonium salts are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Berit Olofsson
- Arrhenius Laboratory, Department of Organic Chemistry, Stockholm University, 106 91, Stockholm, Sweden.
- Stellenbosch Institute for Advanced Study (STIAS), Wallenberg Research Centre at Stellenbosch University, Marais Street, Stellenbosch, 7600, South Africa.
| |
Collapse
|
78
|
|
79
|
Liu Z, Lin KS, Bénard F, Pourghiasian M, Kiesewetter DO, Perrin DM, Chen X. One-step (18)F labeling of biomolecules using organotrifluoroborates. Nat Protoc 2015; 10:1423-32. [PMID: 26313478 PMCID: PMC5223096 DOI: 10.1038/nprot.2015.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Herein we present a general protocol for the functionalization of biomolecules with an organotrifluoroborate moiety so that they can be radiolabeled with aqueous (18)F fluoride ((18)F(-)) and used for positron emission tomography (PET) imaging. Among the β(+)-emitting radionuclides, fluorine-18 ((18)F) is the isotope of choice for PET, and it is produced, on-demand, in many hospitals worldwide. Organotrifluoroborates can be (18)F-labeled in one step in aqueous conditions via (18)F-(19)F isotope exchange. This protocol features a recently designed ammoniomethyltrifluoroborate, and it describes the following: (i) a synthetic strategy that affords modular synthesis of radiolabeling precursors via a copper-catalyzed 'click' reaction; and (ii) a one-step (18)F-labeling method that obviates the need for HPLC purification. Within 30 min, (18)F-labeled PET imaging probes, such as peptides, can be synthesized in good chemical and radiochemical purity (>98%), satisfactory radiochemical yield of 20-35% (n > 20, non-decay corrected) and high specific activity of 40-111 GBq/μmol (1.1-3.0 Ci/μmol). The entire procedure, including the precursor preparation and (18)F radiolabeling, takes 7-10 d.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhibo Liu
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Kuo-Shyan Lin
- Department of Molecular Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - François Bénard
- Department of Molecular Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Maral Pourghiasian
- Department of Molecular Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Dale O Kiesewetter
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - David M Perrin
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Xiaoyuan Chen
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| |
Collapse
|
80
|
Zlatopolskiy BD, Zischler J, Krapf P, Zarrad F, Urusova EA, Kordys E, Endepols H, Neumaier B. Copper-mediated aromatic radiofluorination revisited: efficient production of PET tracers on a preparative scale. Chemistry 2015; 21:5972-9. [PMID: 25708748 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201405586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Two novel methods for copper-mediated aromatic nucleophilic radiofluorination were recently reported. Evaluation of these methods reveals that, although both are efficient in small-scale experiments, they are inoperative for the production of positron emission tomography (PET) tracers. Since high base content turned out to be responsible for low radiochemical conversions, a "low base" protocol has been developed which affords (18)F-labeled arenes from diaryliodonium salts and aryl pinacol boronates in reasonable yields. Furthermore, implementation of our "minimalist" approach to the copper-mediated [(18)F]-fluorination of (mesityl)(aryl)iodonium salts allows the preparation of (18)F-labeled arenes in excellent RCCs. The novel radiofluorination method circumvents time-consuming azeotropic drying and avoids the utilization of base and other additives, such as cryptands. Furthermore, this procedure enables the production of clinically relevant PET tracers; [(18)F]FDA, 4-[(18)F]FPhe, and [(18)F]DAA1106 are obtained in good isolated radiochemical yields. Additionally, [(18)F]DAA1106 has been evaluated in a rat stroke model and demonstrates excellent potential for visualization of translocator protein 18 kDa overexpression associated with neuroinflammation after ischemic stroke.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Boris D Zlatopolskiy
- Institute of Radiochemistry and Experimental Molecular Imaging, University Clinic Cologne, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937 Cologne (Germany), Fax: (+49) 221-47886851; Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Gleueler Str. 50, 50931 Cologne (Germany)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|