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Zhao W, Duan Y, Li HM, Li S, Shen Y, Zhang Y, Li YZ, Tang YJ. Triazole/thiadiazole substituted 4'-demethylepipodophyllotoxin derivatives induced apoptosis in HeLa cells by up-regulating TMEM133. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 905:174189. [PMID: 34033816 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Heterocycle modification has been widely and successfully employed in the antitumor drugs. However, the different antitumor efficacy was corelated with the heterocycle substituted, and the genetic mechanism underlying these effects has not been elucidated. In this study, the intrinsic regularity between different types of heterocycle-substituted DMEP derivative compounds and the mechanisms of their antitumor activity was preliminarily disclosed. Triazole/thiadiazole substituted 4'-demethylepipodophyllotoxin derivatives induced more severe DNA damage and higher levels of 26S proteasomal Topo IIβ degradation, though inhibited the recruition of γH2AX to resist the DNA damage. The reduced DNA repair led to higher up-regulation of cell cycle arrest proteins, and ultimately DNA damage mediated-ATM/ATR apoptotic pathways and specifically activated DNA damage response gene TMEM133, which induced apoptosis through up-regulation of G2/M cell cycle arrest-related genes. Over-expression and knock-out of TMEM133 demonstrated that TMEM133 is essential for inhibition of the tumor cell growth during treatment with triazole/thiadiazole substituted 4'-demethylepipodophyllotoxin derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Ying Duan
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Hubei Provincial Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation, Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, 430068, China
| | - Hong-Mei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Shengying Li
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Yuemao Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Youming Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Yue-Zhong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Ya-Jie Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China.
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Fan HY, Zhu ZL, Xian HC, Wang HF, Chen BJ, Tang YJ, Tang YL, Liang XH. Insight Into the Molecular Mechanism of Podophyllotoxin Derivatives as Anticancer Drugs. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:709075. [PMID: 34447752 PMCID: PMC8383743 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.709075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Podophyllotoxin (PTOX) is a biologically active compound derived from the podophyllum plant, and both it and its derivatives possess excellent antitumor activity. The PTOX derivatives etoposide (VP-16) and teniposide (VM-26) have been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for cancer treatment, but are far from perfect. Hence, numerous PTOX derivatives have been developed to address the major limitations of PTOX, such as systemic toxicity, drug resistance, and low bioavailability. Regarding their anticancer mechanism, extensive studies have revealed that PTOX derivatives can induce cell cycle G2/M arrest and DNA/RNA breaks by targeting tubulin and topoisomerase II, respectively. However, few studies are dedicated to exploring the interactions between PTOX derivatives and downstream cancer-related signaling pathways, which is reasonably important for gaining insight into the role of PTOX. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the role of PTOX derivatives in the biological behavior of tumors and potential molecular signaling pathways, aiming to help researchers design and develop better PTOX derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua-yang Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology (Sichuan University), Chengdu, China
| | - Zhuo-li Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology (Sichuan University), Chengdu, China
| | - Hong-chun Xian
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology (Sichuan University), Chengdu, China
| | - Hao-fan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology (Sichuan University), Chengdu, China
| | - Bing-jun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology (Sichuan University), Chengdu, China
| | - Ya-Jie Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Ya-ling Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology (Sichuan University), Chengdu, China
| | - Xin-hua Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology (Sichuan University), Chengdu, China
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Natural Polyphenols as Modulators of Etoposide Anti-Cancer Activity. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22126602. [PMID: 34202987 PMCID: PMC8235666 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22126602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyphenols are naturally occurring compounds found in abundance in fruits and vegetables. Their health-promoting properties and their use in the prevention and treatment of many human diseases, including cancer, have been known for years. Many anti-cancer drugs are derived from these natural compounds. Etoposide, which is a semi-synthetic derivative of podophyllotoxin, a non-alkaloid lignan isolated from the dried roots and rhizomes of Podophyllum peltatum or Podophyllum emodi (Berberidaceae), is an example of such a compound. In this review, we present data on the effects of polyphenols on the anti-cancer activity of etoposide in in vitro and in vivo studies.
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Shah Z, Gohar UF, Jamshed I, Mushtaq A, Mukhtar H, Zia-UI-Haq M, Toma SI, Manea R, Moga M, Popovici B. Podophyllotoxin: History, Recent Advances and Future Prospects. Biomolecules 2021; 11:603. [PMID: 33921719 PMCID: PMC8073934 DOI: 10.3390/biom11040603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Podophyllotoxin, along with its various derivatives and congeners are widely recognized as broad-spectrum pharmacologically active compounds. Etoposide, for instance, is the frontline chemotherapeutic drug used against various cancers due to its superior anticancer activity. It has recently been redeveloped for the purpose of treating cytokine storm in COVID-19 patients. Podophyllotoxin and its naturally occurring congeners have low bioavailability and almost all these initially discovered compounds cause systemic toxicity and development of drug resistance. Moreover, the production of synthetic derivatives that could suffice for the clinical limitations of these naturally occurring compounds is not economically feasible. These challenges demanded continuous devotions towards improving the druggability of these drugs and continue to seek structure-optimization strategies. The discovery of renewable sources including microbial origin for podophyllotoxin is another possible approach. This review focuses on the exigency of innovation and research required in the global R&D and pharmaceutical industry for podophyllotoxin and related compounds based on recent scientific findings and market predictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zinnia Shah
- Institute of Industrial Biotechnology (IIB), Government College University, Lahore 54000, Pakistan; (Z.S.); (U.F.G.); (I.J.); (H.M.)
| | - Umar Farooq Gohar
- Institute of Industrial Biotechnology (IIB), Government College University, Lahore 54000, Pakistan; (Z.S.); (U.F.G.); (I.J.); (H.M.)
| | - Iffat Jamshed
- Institute of Industrial Biotechnology (IIB), Government College University, Lahore 54000, Pakistan; (Z.S.); (U.F.G.); (I.J.); (H.M.)
| | - Aamir Mushtaq
- Gulab Devi Institute of Pharmacy, Gulab Devi Educational Complex, Lahore 54000, Pakistan;
| | - Hamid Mukhtar
- Institute of Industrial Biotechnology (IIB), Government College University, Lahore 54000, Pakistan; (Z.S.); (U.F.G.); (I.J.); (H.M.)
| | - Muhammad Zia-UI-Haq
- Office of Research, Innovation & Commercialization, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Sebastian Ionut Toma
- Faculty of Medicine, Transilvania University of Brasov, 500036 Brasov, Romania; (M.M.); (B.P.)
| | - Rosana Manea
- Faculty of Medicine, Transilvania University of Brasov, 500036 Brasov, Romania; (M.M.); (B.P.)
| | - Marius Moga
- Faculty of Medicine, Transilvania University of Brasov, 500036 Brasov, Romania; (M.M.); (B.P.)
| | - Bianca Popovici
- Faculty of Medicine, Transilvania University of Brasov, 500036 Brasov, Romania; (M.M.); (B.P.)
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Wu ZX, Yang Y, Zeng L, Patel H, Bo L, Lin L, Chen ZS. Establishment and Characterization of an Irinotecan-Resistant Human Colon Cancer Cell Line. Front Oncol 2021; 10:624954. [PMID: 33692943 PMCID: PMC7937870 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.624954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Irinotecan is widely used as a chemotherapeutic drug to treat CRC. However, the mechanisms of acquired resistance to irinotecan in CRC remain inconclusive. In the present study, we established a novel irinotecan-resistant human colon cell line to investigate the underlying mechanism(s) of irinotecan resistance, particularly the overexpression of ABC transporters. The irinotecan-resistant S1-IR20 cell line was established by exposing irinotecan to human S1 colon cancer cells. MTT cytotoxicity assay was carried out to determine the drug resistance profile of S1-IR20 cells. The drug-resistant cells showed about 47-fold resistance to irinotecan and cross-resistance to ABCG2 substrates in comparison with S1 cells. By Western blot analysis, S1-IR20 cells showed significant increase of ABCG2, but not ABCB1 or ABCC1 in protein expression level as compared to that of parental S1 cells. The immunofluorescence assay showed that the overexpressed ABCG2 transporter is localized on the cell membrane of S1-IR20 cells, suggesting an active efflux function of the ABCG2 transporter. This finding was further confirmed by reversal studies that inhibiting efflux function of ABCG2 was able to completely abolish drug resistance to irinotecan as well as other ABCG2 substrates in S1-IR20 cells. In conclusion, our work established an in vitro model of irinotecan resistance in CRC and suggested ABCG2 overexpression as one of the underlying mechanisms of acquired resistance to irinotecan. This novel resistant cell line may enable future studies to overcome drug resistance in vitro and improve CRC treatment in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo-Xun Wu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Yuqi Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Leli Zeng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, New York, NY, United States.,Precision Medicine Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Harsh Patel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Letao Bo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Lusheng Lin
- Cell Research Center, Shenzhen Bolun Institute of Biotechnology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhe-Sheng Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, New York, NY, United States
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