51
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Peng M, Tabashsum Z, Patel P, Bernhardt C, Biswas C, Meng J, Biswas D. Prevention of enteric bacterial infections and modulation of gut microbiota with conjugated linoleic acids producing Lactobacillus in mice. Gut Microbes 2020; 11:433-452. [PMID: 31411526 PMCID: PMC7524329 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2019.1638724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Probiotics are recognized for outcompeting pathogenic bacteria by competitive receptor-mediated colonization and secretion of functional metabolites which are antimicrobial against certain microbes as well as improving host's gut health and immunity. Recently, we have constructed a bioactive Lactobacillus casei (LC) strain, LC+mcra , by inserting mcra (myosin cross-reactive antigen) gene, which stimulates the conversion of conjugated linoleic acids. In this study, we evaluated the modulation of gut microbiome and protective roles of LC+mcra against pathogenic Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (ST) and enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC) infections in BALB/cJ mice. We observed that LC+mcra colonized efficiently in mice gut intestine and competitively reduced the infection with ST and EHEC in various locations of small and large intestine, specifically cecum, jejunum, and ileum (p < 0.05). Positive modulation of the cecal microbiota, for example, higher relative abundances of Firmicutes, lower relative abundances of Proteobacteria, and increased bacterial species diversity/richness, was detected in ST-challenged mice pretreated with LC+mcra based on 16S metagenomic sequencing. Cytokine gene expression analysis indicated that mice pretreated with LC+mcra associated with attenuated bacterial pathogen-induced gut inflammation. Furthermore, mice fed daily with LC+mcra for one week could protect themselves from the impairments caused by enteric infections with ST or EHEC. These impairments include weight loss, negative hematological changes, intestinal histological alterations, and potential death. This in vivo study suggests that daily consumption of novel conjugated linoleic acids over-producing probiotic effectively improves intestinal microbiota composition and prevents/combats foodborne enteric bacterial infections with pathogenic Salmonella and diarrheagenic E. coli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengfei Peng
- Department of Animal and Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA,Biological Sciences Program, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Zajeba Tabashsum
- Department of Animal and Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Puja Patel
- Biological Sciences Program, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Cassandra Bernhardt
- Department of Animal and Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Chitrine Biswas
- Biological Sciences Program, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Jianghong Meng
- Center for Food Safety and Security Systems, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA,Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Debabrata Biswas
- Department of Animal and Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA,Biological Sciences Program, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA,Center for Food Safety and Security Systems, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA,CONTACT Debabrata Biswas Department of Animal and Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
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Wade KH, Hall LJ. Improving causality in microbiome research: can human genetic epidemiology help? Wellcome Open Res 2020; 4:199. [PMID: 32462081 PMCID: PMC7217228 DOI: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.15628.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Evidence supports associations between human gut microbiome variation and multiple health outcomes and diseases. Despite compelling results from in vivo and in vitro models, few findings have been translated into an understanding of modifiable causal relationships. Furthermore, epidemiological studies have been unconvincing in their ability to offer causal evidence due to their observational nature, where confounding by lifestyle and behavioural factors, reverse causation and bias are important limitations. Whilst randomized controlled trials have made steps towards understanding the causal role played by the gut microbiome in disease, they are expensive and time-consuming. This evidence that has not been translated between model systems impedes opportunities for harnessing the gut microbiome for improving population health. Therefore, there is a need for alternative approaches to interrogate causality in the context of gut microbiome research. The integration of human genetics within population health sciences have proved successful in facilitating improved causal inference (e.g., with Mendelian randomization [MR] studies) and characterising inherited disease susceptibility. MR is an established method that employs human genetic variation as natural "proxies" for clinically relevant (and ideally modifiable) traits to improve causality in observational associations between those traits and health outcomes. Here, we focus and discuss the utility of MR within the context of human gut microbiome research, review studies that have used this method and consider the strengths, limitations and challenges facing this research. Specifically, we highlight the requirements for careful examination and interpretation of derived causal estimates and host (i.e., human) genetic effects themselves, triangulation across multiple study designs and inter-disciplinary collaborations. Meeting these requirements will help support or challenge causality of the role played by the gut microbiome on human health to develop new, targeted therapies to alleviate disease symptoms to ultimately improve lives and promote good health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaitlin H. Wade
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK
| | - Lindsay J. Hall
- Gut Microbes & Health, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich, NR4 7UQ, UK
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Knysh OV, Pogorila MS, Voyda YV. In vitro immunomodulatory effect of Bifidobacterium bifidum and Lactobacillus reuteri cell free extracts. REGULATORY MECHANISMS IN BIOSYSTEMS 2020. [DOI: 10.15421/022013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have shown that alterations of the immune response in the gastrointestinal mucosa are key components of the mechanism of the probiotic action of beneficial bacteria. Most of the beneficial effects of probiotics are due to the action of their structural components and metabolites. Macrophages are first-line defense cells of the immune system, which not only participate in the detection, phagocytosis and destruction of harmful microorganisms, but also determine the nature of the subsequent immune response by presenting antigens to T-cells and initiating inflammation by releasing cytokines. We researched the effect of two types of cell-free extracts (CFEs) containing probiotic derivatives (structural components and metabolites of bacteria) Bifidobacterium bifidum 1 (BbCFE) and Lactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938 (LrCFE) on the activity of mouse peritoneal macrophages and on the ability of peripheral human blood mononuclear cells to produce cytokines. CFEs were obtained by culturing probiotics in their own disintegrates and then removing cells and cell debris by centrifugation and filtration. Peritoneal macrophages were isolated from mice. Some of them were infected in vitro by Salmonella thyphimurium. Uninfected and infected macrophages were incubated in culture medium containing (30% vol) or not containing CFEs at 37 °С in a microaerobic atmosphere (5% СО2) for 18 hours. After incubation, peritoneal macrophages were lysed. The obtained suspensions were centrifuged and supernatants were carefully collected. Macrophages activity was assessed by the nitrites level, superoxide dismutase (SOD), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity and antiinflammatory cytokines levels in supernatants using spectrophotometric method. Peripheral mononuclear cells were isolated from the blood of healthy volunteers. The ability of peripheral mononuclear blood cells to produce antiinflammatory cytokines was evaluated after cell stimulation with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and incubation with or without CFEs. Cytokine levels in supernatants were determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). After infection with S. thyphimurium in macrophages, nitrite levels increased 5.5-fold, SOD activity 4.8-fold, and LDH 2-fold. Both studied CFEs exerted a similar effect on the macrophages’ activity. Addition of BbCFE to the incubation medium of infected macrophages resulted in a 4-fold decrease in nitrite levels, and the addition of LrCFE was accompanied by a decrease in nitrite levels to levels in intact cells. Under the influence of both CFEs, the activity of SOD and LDH was significantly reduced and did not differ significantly from the activity of these enzymes in intact cells. BbCFE and LrCFE did not have a significant effect on nitrite levels, SOD and LDH activity in intact macrophages. Under the influence of BbCFE, there was a 2-fold decrease in the production of TNF, a 2-fold increase in IL10 production, and a 30% increase in IL6 production by mononuclear cells. LrCFE caused a decrease in TNF production by 26.7% and IL6 by 36%, and IL10 by 1.9 times. Thus, the studied CFEs normalized the nitrite levels in peritoneal macrophages infected with S. thyphymurium and infection-induced activation of SOD and LDH enzymes. This demonstrates their ability to modulate oxidative processes in macrophages. In addition, under the influence of the investigated CFEs, there was a decrease in the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNFα and IL-6) and increased production of anti-inflammatory cytokine (IL-10) by human peripheral mononuclear cells. The results of the study indicate the ability of CFEs by influencing the functions of innate immunity cells to restrict the inflammatory response and oxidative stress. Based on this, CFEs can be considered as promising agents for the treatment of inflammatory diseases.
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Hughes KR, Schofield Z, Dalby MJ, Caim S, Chalklen L, Bernuzzi F, Alcon-Giner C, Le Gall G, Watson AJM, Hall LJ. The early life microbiota protects neonatal mice from pathological small intestinal epithelial cell shedding. FASEB J 2020; 34:7075-7088. [PMID: 32253791 PMCID: PMC7610993 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202000042r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The early life gut microbiota plays a crucial role in regulating and maintaining the intestinal barrier, with disturbances in these communities linked to dysregulated renewal and replenishment of intestinal epithelial cells. Here we sought to determine pathological cell shedding outcomes throughout the postnatal developmental period, and which host and microbial factors mediate these responses. Surprisingly, neonatal mice (Day 14 and 21) were highly refractory to induction of cell shedding after intraperitoneal administration of liposaccharide (LPS), with Day 29 mice showing strong pathological responses, more similar to those observed in adult mice. These differential responses were not linked to defects in the cellular mechanisms and pathways known to regulate cell shedding responses. When we profiled microbiota and metabolites, we observed significant alterations. Neonatal mice had high relative abundances of Streptococcus, Escherichia, and Enterococcus and increased primary bile acids. In contrast, older mice were dominated by Candidatus Arthromitus, Alistipes, and Lachnoclostridium, and had increased concentrations of SCFAs and methyamines. Antibiotic treatment of neonates restored LPS-induced small intestinal cell shedding, whereas adult fecal microbiota transplant alone had no effect. Our findings further support the importance of the early life window for microbiota-epithelial interactions in the presence of inflammatory stimuli and highlights areas for further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin R Hughes
- Gut Microbes & Health, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich, UK.,Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - Zoe Schofield
- Gut Microbes & Health, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich, UK
| | - Matthew J Dalby
- Gut Microbes & Health, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich, UK
| | - Shabhonam Caim
- Gut Microbes & Health, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich, UK
| | - Lisa Chalklen
- Gut Microbes & Health, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich, UK
| | | | | | - Gwénaëlle Le Gall
- Gut Microbes & Health, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich, UK.,Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | | | - Lindsay J Hall
- Gut Microbes & Health, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich, UK.,Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
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Wade KH, Hall LJ. Improving causality in microbiome research: can human genetic epidemiology help? Wellcome Open Res 2020; 4:199. [PMID: 32462081 PMCID: PMC7217228 DOI: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.15628.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 03/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Evidence supports associations between human gut microbiome variation and multiple health outcomes and diseases. Despite compelling results from in vivo and in vitro models, few findings have been translated into an understanding of modifiable causal relationships. Furthermore, epidemiological studies have been unconvincing in their ability to offer causal evidence due to their observational nature, where confounding by lifestyle and behavioural factors, reverse causation and bias are important limitations. Whilst randomized controlled trials have made steps towards understanding the causal role played by the gut microbiome in disease, they are expensive and time-consuming. This evidence that has not been translated between model systems impedes opportunities for harnessing the gut microbiome for improving population health. Therefore, there is a need for alternative approaches to interrogate causality in the context of gut microbiome research. The integration of human genetics within population health sciences have proved successful in facilitating improved causal inference (e.g., with Mendelian randomization [MR] studies) and characterising inherited disease susceptibility. MR is an established method that employs human genetic variation as natural "proxies" for clinically relevant (and ideally modifiable) traits to improve causality in observational associations between those traits and health outcomes. Here, we focus and discuss the utility of MR within the context of human gut microbiome research, review studies that have used this method and consider the strengths, limitations and challenges facing this research. Specifically, we highlight the requirements for careful examination and interpretation of derived causal estimates and host (i.e., human) genetic effects themselves, triangulation across multiple study designs and inter-disciplinary collaborations. Meeting these requirements will help support or challenge causality of the role played by the gut microbiome on human health to develop new, targeted therapies to alleviate disease symptoms to ultimately improve lives and promote good health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaitlin H. Wade
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK
| | - Lindsay J. Hall
- Gut Microbes & Health, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich, NR4 7UQ, UK
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56
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Püngel D, Treveil A, Dalby MJ, Caim S, Colquhoun IJ, Booth C, Ketskemety J, Korcsmaros T, van Sinderen D, Lawson MAE, Hall LJ. Bifidobacterium breve UCC2003 Exopolysaccharide Modulates the Early Life Microbiota by Acting as a Potential Dietary Substrate. Nutrients 2020; 12:E948. [PMID: 32235410 PMCID: PMC7231044 DOI: 10.3390/nu12040948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bifidobacterium represents an important early life microbiota member. Specific bifidobacterial components, exopolysaccharides (EPS), positively modulate host responses, with purified EPS also suggested to impact microbe-microbe interactions by acting as a nutrient substrate. Thus, we determined the longitudinal effects of bifidobacterial EPS on microbial communities and metabolite profiles using an infant model colon system. METHODS Differential gene expression and growth characteristics were determined for each strain; Bifidobacterium breve UCC2003 and corresponding isogenic EPS-deletion mutant (B. breve UCC2003del). Model colon vessels were inoculated with B. breve and microbiome dynamics monitored using 16S rRNA sequencing and metabolomics (NMR). RESULTS Transcriptomics of EPS mutant vs. B. breve UCC2003 highlighted discrete differential gene expression (e.g., eps biosynthetic cluster), though overall growth dynamics between strains were unaffected. The EPS-positive vessel had significant shifts in microbiome and metabolite profiles until study end (405 h); with increases of Tyzzerella and Faecalibacterium, and short-chain fatty acids, with further correlations between taxa and metabolites which were not observed within the EPS-negative vessel. CONCLUSIONS These data indicate that B. breve UCC2003 EPS is potentially metabolized by infant microbiota members, leading to differential microbial metabolism and altered metabolite by-products. Overall, these findings may allow development of EPS-specific strategies to promote infant health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah Püngel
- Gut Microbes & Health Institute Strategic Programme, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich NR4 7UQ, UK; (D.P.); (A.T.); (M.J.D.); (S.C.); (J.K.); (T.K.)
| | - Agatha Treveil
- Gut Microbes & Health Institute Strategic Programme, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich NR4 7UQ, UK; (D.P.); (A.T.); (M.J.D.); (S.C.); (J.K.); (T.K.)
- Earlham Institute, Norwich NR4 7UZ, UK
| | - Matthew J Dalby
- Gut Microbes & Health Institute Strategic Programme, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich NR4 7UQ, UK; (D.P.); (A.T.); (M.J.D.); (S.C.); (J.K.); (T.K.)
| | - Shabhonam Caim
- Gut Microbes & Health Institute Strategic Programme, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich NR4 7UQ, UK; (D.P.); (A.T.); (M.J.D.); (S.C.); (J.K.); (T.K.)
| | - Ian J Colquhoun
- Analytical Sciences, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich NR4 7UQ, UK; (I.J.C.); (C.B.)
| | - Catherine Booth
- Analytical Sciences, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich NR4 7UQ, UK; (I.J.C.); (C.B.)
| | - Jennifer Ketskemety
- Gut Microbes & Health Institute Strategic Programme, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich NR4 7UQ, UK; (D.P.); (A.T.); (M.J.D.); (S.C.); (J.K.); (T.K.)
| | - Tamas Korcsmaros
- Gut Microbes & Health Institute Strategic Programme, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich NR4 7UQ, UK; (D.P.); (A.T.); (M.J.D.); (S.C.); (J.K.); (T.K.)
- Earlham Institute, Norwich NR4 7UZ, UK
| | - Douwe van Sinderen
- APC Microbiome Institute, University College Cork, T12 K8AF Cork, Ireland;
| | - Melissa AE Lawson
- Gut Microbes & Health Institute Strategic Programme, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich NR4 7UQ, UK; (D.P.); (A.T.); (M.J.D.); (S.C.); (J.K.); (T.K.)
- Lydia Becker Institute for Immunology and Inflammation, Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell Matrix Research, Division of Infection, Immunity and Respiratory Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Lindsay J Hall
- Gut Microbes & Health Institute Strategic Programme, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich NR4 7UQ, UK; (D.P.); (A.T.); (M.J.D.); (S.C.); (J.K.); (T.K.)
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK
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57
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Lawson MAE, O'Neill IJ, Kujawska M, Gowrinadh Javvadi S, Wijeyesekera A, Flegg Z, Chalklen L, Hall LJ. Breast milk-derived human milk oligosaccharides promote Bifidobacterium interactions within a single ecosystem. THE ISME JOURNAL 2020; 14:635-648. [PMID: 31740752 PMCID: PMC6976680 DOI: 10.1038/s41396-019-0553-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 209] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Revised: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Diet-microbe interactions play an important role in modulating the early-life microbiota, with Bifidobacterium strains and species dominating the gut of breast-fed infants. Here, we sought to explore how infant diet drives distinct bifidobacterial community composition and dynamics within individual infant ecosystems. Genomic characterisation of 19 strains isolated from breast-fed infants revealed a diverse genomic architecture enriched in carbohydrate metabolism genes, which was distinct to each strain, but collectively formed a pangenome across infants. Presence of gene clusters implicated in digestion of human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) varied between species, with growth studies indicating that within single infants there were differences in the ability to utilise 2'FL and LNnT HMOs between strains. Cross-feeding experiments were performed with HMO degraders and non-HMO users (using spent or 'conditioned' media and direct co-culture). Further 1H-NMR analysis identified fucose, galactose, acetate, and N-acetylglucosamine as key by-products of HMO metabolism; as demonstrated by modest growth of non-HMO users on spend media from HMO metabolism. These experiments indicate how HMO metabolism permits the sharing of resources to maximise nutrient consumption from the diet and highlights the cooperative nature of bifidobacterial strains and their role as 'foundation' species in the infant ecosystem. The intra- and inter-infant bifidobacterial community behaviour may contribute to the diversity and dominance of Bifidobacterium in early life and suggests avenues for future development of new diet and microbiota-based therapies to promote infant health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa A E Lawson
- Gut Microbes & Health, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
- Lydia Becker Institute for Immunology and Inflammation & Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell Matrix Research, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Ian J O'Neill
- Gut Microbes & Health, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Biosciences Building, Cork, Ireland
| | - Magdalena Kujawska
- Gut Microbes & Health, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
| | | | - Anisha Wijeyesekera
- Department of Food & Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | - Zak Flegg
- Gut Microbes & Health, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
| | - Lisa Chalklen
- Gut Microbes & Health, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
| | - Lindsay J Hall
- Gut Microbes & Health, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK.
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Meng T, Zhang S, Wang D, Zhang H, Song Z, Li S, Chen M, Tang C. Association between antibiotic use and the risk of rheumatoid arthritis: A protocol for a systematic review. Medicine (Baltimore) 2020; 99:e19155. [PMID: 32118718 PMCID: PMC7478554 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000019155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The potential association between antibiotic use and the risk of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) has drawn significant attention from clinicians and researchers in recent years due to the wild usage of antibiotic. This study aimed to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of the literature to determine if antibiotic use is associated with an increased risk of RA, so as to provide an important reference for clinical decision-making. METHODS Case-control and nest case-control studies of assessing whether antibiotic use is associated with the onset of RA will be identified in searches of 4 databases from their inception to August 2019. All data were assessed and extracted by 2 authors independently. The Newcastle-Ottawa scale was used to assess the quality of the selected studies. Manager Software 5.3 from Cochrane Collaboration (London, UK) and Stata 15.1 (Stata Corp, College Station, TX) will be used to conduct meta-analysis, determining pooled odds ratios and evaluating heterogeneity between studies. RESULT The results of this systemic review and meta-analysis will be submitted to a recognized journal for publication. CONCLUSION This systemic review and meta-analysis will determine if antibiotic use is associated with an increased risk of RA. We hope this study can make a definitive conclusion for the association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Meng
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai Long, Taipa, Macau
| | - Shibin Zhang
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai Long, Taipa, Macau
| | - Dawei Wang
- Shunde Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shunde District Hospital of Chinese Medicine of Foshan City, Foshan, Guangdong
| | - Haijun Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Gansu Second Provincial People's Hospital
| | - Zhongyang Song
- Clinical Medical College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Gansu University of Chinese medicine, Lanzhou, Gansu
| | - Shengdong Li
- Department of Rheumatology, The Second Hospital of Yinzhou, Ninbo Zhejiang, China
| | - Min Chen
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai Long, Taipa, Macau
- The State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai Long, Taipa, Macau
| | - Chunzhi Tang
- Clinical Medical College of Acupuncture, Moxibustion and Rehabilitation, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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THERMAL CYCLING AS A METHOD FOR DISINTEGRATION OF BIFIDOBACTERIUM BIFIDUM. WORLD OF MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.26724/2079-8334-2020-3-73-184-189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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60
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Marsilio S, Pilla R, Sarawichitr B, Chow B, Hill SL, Ackermann MR, Estep JS, Lidbury JA, Steiner JM, Suchodolski JS. Characterization of the fecal microbiome in cats with inflammatory bowel disease or alimentary small cell lymphoma. Sci Rep 2019; 9:19208. [PMID: 31844119 PMCID: PMC6914782 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-55691-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Feline chronic enteropathy (CE) is a common gastrointestinal disorder in cats and mainly comprises inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and small cell lymphoma (SCL). Both IBD and SCL in cats share features with chronic enteropathies such as IBD and monomorphic epitheliotropic intestinal T-cell lymphoma in humans. The aim of this study was to characterize the fecal microbiome of 38 healthy cats and 27 cats with CE (13 cats with IBD and 14 cats with SCL). Alpha diversity indices were significantly decreased in cats with CE (OTU p = 0.003, Shannon Index p = 0.008, Phylogenetic Diversity p = 0.019). ANOSIM showed a significant difference in bacterial communities, albeit with a small effect size (P = 0.023, R = 0.073). Univariate analysis and LEfSE showed a lower abundance of facultative anaerobic taxa of the phyla Firmicutes (families Ruminococcaceae and Turicibacteraceae), Actinobacteria (genus Bifidobacterium) and Bacteroidetes (i.a. Bacteroides plebeius) in cats with CE. The facultative anaerobic taxa Enterobacteriaceae and Streptococcaceae were increased in cats with CE. No significant difference between the microbiome of cats with IBD and those with SCL was found. Cats with CE showed patterns of dysbiosis similar to those in found people with IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sina Marsilio
- Gastrointestinal Laboratory, Department of Small Animal Clinical Science, Texas A&M University, 4474 TAMU, College Station, TX, 77843-4474, USA.
- University of California Davis, School of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Medicine & Epidemiology, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.
| | - Rachel Pilla
- Gastrointestinal Laboratory, Department of Small Animal Clinical Science, Texas A&M University, 4474 TAMU, College Station, TX, 77843-4474, USA
| | - Benjamin Sarawichitr
- Gastrointestinal Laboratory, Department of Small Animal Clinical Science, Texas A&M University, 4474 TAMU, College Station, TX, 77843-4474, USA
| | - Betty Chow
- Veterinary Specialty Hospital, 10435 Sorrento Valley Rd, San Diego, CA, 92121, USA
- VCA Animal Specialty & Emergency Center, 1535 South Sepulveda Blvd, Los Angeles, CA, 90025, USA
| | - Steve L Hill
- Veterinary Specialty Hospital, 10435 Sorrento Valley Rd, San Diego, CA, 92121, USA
- Flagstaff Veterinary Internal Medicine Consulting (FLG VIM-C), 6135 Kaitlin Way, Flagstaff, AZ, 86003, USA
| | - Mark R Ackermann
- Oregon Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Carlson College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - J Scot Estep
- Texas Veterinary Pathology, LLC, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Jonathan A Lidbury
- Gastrointestinal Laboratory, Department of Small Animal Clinical Science, Texas A&M University, 4474 TAMU, College Station, TX, 77843-4474, USA
| | - Joerg M Steiner
- Gastrointestinal Laboratory, Department of Small Animal Clinical Science, Texas A&M University, 4474 TAMU, College Station, TX, 77843-4474, USA
| | - Jan S Suchodolski
- Gastrointestinal Laboratory, Department of Small Animal Clinical Science, Texas A&M University, 4474 TAMU, College Station, TX, 77843-4474, USA
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Wade KH, Hall LJ. Improving causality in microbiome research: can human genetic epidemiology help? Wellcome Open Res 2019; 4:199. [PMID: 32462081 PMCID: PMC7217228 DOI: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.15628.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 03/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Evidence supports associations between human gut microbiome variation and multiple health outcomes and diseases. Despite compelling results from in vivo and in vitro models, few findings have been translated into an understanding of modifiable causal relationships. Furthermore, epidemiological studies have been unconvincing in their ability to offer causal evidence due to their observational nature, where confounding by lifestyle and behavioural factors, reverse causation and bias are important limitations. Whilst randomized controlled trials have made steps towards understanding the causal role played by the gut microbiome in disease, they are expensive and time-consuming. This evidence that has not been translated between model systems impedes opportunities for harnessing the gut microbiome for improving population health. Therefore, there is a need for alternative approaches to interrogate causality in the context of gut microbiome research. The integration of human genetics within population health sciences have proved successful in facilitating improved causal inference (e.g., with Mendelian randomization [MR] studies) and characterising inherited disease susceptibility. MR is an established method that employs human genetic variation as natural "proxies" for clinically relevant (and ideally modifiable) traits to improve causality in observational associations between those traits and health outcomes. Here, we focus and discuss the utility of MR within the context of human gut microbiome research, review studies that have used this method and consider the strengths, limitations and challenges facing this research. Specifically, we highlight the requirements for careful examination and interpretation of derived causal estimates and host (i.e., human) genetic effects themselves, triangulation across multiple study designs and inter-disciplinary collaborations. Meeting these requirements will help support or challenge causality of the role played by the gut microbiome on human health to develop new, targeted therapies to alleviate disease symptoms to ultimately improve lives and promote good health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaitlin H. Wade
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK
| | - Lindsay J. Hall
- Gut Microbes & Health, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich, NR4 7UQ, UK
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Mu W, Wang Y, Huang C, Fu Y, Li J, Wang H, Jia X, Ba Q. Effect of Long-Term Intake of Dietary Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles on Intestine Inflammation in Mice. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:9382-9389. [PMID: 31361959 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b02391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Early stage exposure of foodborne substances, such as brightening agent titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs), can cause long-term effects in adulthood. We aimed to explore the potential adverse effect of long-term dietary intake of TiO2 NPs. After feeding for 2-3 months from weaning, TiO2 NPs-exposed mice showed lower body weight and induced intestinal inflammation. However, this phenomenon was not observed in gut microbiota-removed mice. TiO2 NPs exposure rarely affected the diversity of microbial communities, but significantly decreased the abundance of several probiotic taxa including Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus. Additionally, TiO2 NPs aggravated DSS-induced chronic colitis and immune response in vivo, and reduced the population of CD4+T cells, regulatory T cells, and macrophages in mesenteric lymph nodes. Therefore, dietary TiO2 NPs could interfere with the balance of immune system and dynamic of gut microbiome, which may result in low-grade intestinal inflammation and aggravated immunological response to external stimulus, thus introducing potential health risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Mu
- School of Public Health , Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine , Shanghai 200025 , P. R. China
| | - Yong Wang
- Henan Business Research Institute Company, Limited , Zhengzhou 450000 , P. R. China
| | - Chao Huang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai 200031 , P. R. China
| | - Yijing Fu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai 200031 , P. R. China
| | - Jingquan Li
- School of Public Health , Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine , Shanghai 200025 , P. R. China
| | - Hui Wang
- School of Public Health , Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine , Shanghai 200025 , P. R. China
| | - Xudong Jia
- Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, Ministry of Health , Beijing 100021 , P. R. China
| | - Qian Ba
- School of Public Health , Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine , Shanghai 200025 , P. R. China
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63
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Sultan AA, Mallen C, Muller S, Hider S, Scott I, Helliwell T, Hall LJ. Antibiotic use and the risk of rheumatoid arthritis: a population-based case-control study. BMC Med 2019; 17:154. [PMID: 31387605 PMCID: PMC6685281 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-019-1394-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antibiotic-induced disturbances of the human microbiota have been implicated in the development of chronic autoimmune conditions. This study aimed to assess whether antibiotic use is associated with the onset of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). METHODS A nested case-control study was conducted utilising data from the primary care Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD). Patients with an incident diagnosis of RA were identified (1995-2017). Each case was matched on age, gender, and general practice to ≥ 5 controls without RA. Conditional logistic regression was used to examine previous antibiotic prescriptions and RA onset after controlling for confounding factors. RESULTS We identified 22,677 cases of RA, matched to 90,013 controls, with a median follow-up of 10 years before RA diagnosis. The odds of developing RA were 60% higher in those exposed to antibiotics than in those not exposed (OR 1.60; 95% CI 1.51-1.68). A dose- or frequency-dependent association was observed between the number of previous antibiotic prescriptions and RA. All classes of antibiotics were associated with higher odds of RA, with bactericidal antibiotics carrying higher risk than bacteriostatic (45% vs. 31%). Those with antibiotic-treated upper respiratory tract (URT) infections were more likely to be RA cases. However, this was not observed for URT infections not treated with antibiotics. Antifungal (OR = 1.27; 95% CI 1.20-1.35) and antiviral (OR = 1.19; 95% CI 1.14-1.24) prescriptions were also associated with increased odds of RA. CONCLUSION Antibiotic prescriptions are associated with a higher risk of RA. This may be due to microbiota disturbances or underlying infections driving risk. Further research is needed to explore these mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyshah Abdul Sultan
- Arthritis Research UK Primary Care Centre, Institute for Primary care and Health Sciences, Keele University, Keele, ST5 5BG UK
| | - Christian Mallen
- Arthritis Research UK Primary Care Centre, Institute for Primary care and Health Sciences, Keele University, Keele, ST5 5BG UK
| | - Sara Muller
- Arthritis Research UK Primary Care Centre, Institute for Primary care and Health Sciences, Keele University, Keele, ST5 5BG UK
| | - Samantha Hider
- Arthritis Research UK Primary Care Centre, Institute for Primary care and Health Sciences, Keele University, Keele, ST5 5BG UK
- Haywood Academic Rheumatology Centre, Midlands Partnership Foundation Trust, Staffordshire, ST6 7AG UK
| | - Ian Scott
- Arthritis Research UK Primary Care Centre, Institute for Primary care and Health Sciences, Keele University, Keele, ST5 5BG UK
- Haywood Academic Rheumatology Centre, Midlands Partnership Foundation Trust, Staffordshire, ST6 7AG UK
| | - Toby Helliwell
- Arthritis Research UK Primary Care Centre, Institute for Primary care and Health Sciences, Keele University, Keele, ST5 5BG UK
| | - Lindsay J. Hall
- Gut Microbes & Health Programme, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UQ UK
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Moreira-Rosário A, Marques C, Pinheiro H, Norberto S, Sintra D, Teixeira JA, Calhau C, Azevedo LF. Daily intake of wheat germ-enriched bread may promote a healthy gut bacterial microbiota: a randomised controlled trial. Eur J Nutr 2019; 59:1951-1961. [PMID: 31325040 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-019-02045-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2018] [Accepted: 06/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Wheat bran fibre has a beneficial effect on gastrointestinal function, but evidence for wheat germ is scarce. Accordingly, we evaluated the effects of daily intake of wheat germ on gastrointestinal discomfort and gut microbiota by adding wheat germ to refined (white) wheat bread, the most consumed bread type. We hypothesised that an improvement in the composition of refined bread could beneficially affect intestinal health without compromising consumers' acceptance. METHODS Fifty-five healthy adults were recruited for a randomised, double-blind, crossover, controlled trial comprising two 4-week intervention periods separated by a 5-week washout stage. During the first 4-week period, one group consumed wheat bread enriched with 6 g of wheat germ and the control group consumed non-enriched wheat bread. RESULTS Wheat germ-enriched bread was well-appreciated and the number of participants that demonstrated minimal gastrointestinal improvements after wheat-germ intake was higher than in the control arm. Importantly, intake of wheat germ-enriched bread decreased the perceived gastrointestinal discomfort-related quality of life (subscale worries and concerns) over refined white bread. The improvements in the gastrointestinal function were accompanied by favourable changes in gut microbiota, increasing the number of Bacteroides spp. and Bifidobacterium spp. CONCLUSIONS Adding wheat germ to industrially made white bread without altering sensory properties may promote a healthy gut bacterial microbiota and the gastrointestinal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Moreira-Rosário
- Centre for Health Technology and Services Research (CINTESIS), Porto, Portugal. .,Department of Community Medicine, Information and Health Decision Sciences (MEDCIDS), Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Cláudia Marques
- Centre for Health Technology and Services Research (CINTESIS), Porto, Portugal.,Nutrition and Metabolism, NOVA Medical School, NOVA University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Helder Pinheiro
- Nutrition and Metabolism, NOVA Medical School, NOVA University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal.,Infectious Diseases Service, Hospital Curry Cabral, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Sónia Norberto
- Centre for Health Technology and Services Research (CINTESIS), Porto, Portugal
| | - Diana Sintra
- Centre for Health Technology and Services Research (CINTESIS), Porto, Portugal
| | - José António Teixeira
- Center of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus of Gualtar, Braga, Portugal
| | - Conceição Calhau
- Centre for Health Technology and Services Research (CINTESIS), Porto, Portugal.,Nutrition and Metabolism, NOVA Medical School, NOVA University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal.,José de Mello Saúde by NOVA Medical School, University Unit of Lifestyle Medicine, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Luís Filipe Azevedo
- Centre for Health Technology and Services Research (CINTESIS), Porto, Portugal.,Department of Community Medicine, Information and Health Decision Sciences (MEDCIDS), Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Bifidobacteria and Mucosal-Associated Invariant T (MAIT) Cells: A New Approach to Colorectal Cancer Prevention? GASTROINTESTINAL DISORDERS 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/gidisord1020022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is the most preventable form of cancer worldwide. The pathogenesis of colorectal cancer includes gut inflammation, genetic and microbial composition factors. İmpairment of the gut microbiota has been associated with development of colorectal cancer. The genus Bifidobacterium is an important component of the commensal gut microbiota. Bifidobacteria are considered to have important roles in multiple homeostatic functions: immunologic, hormonal and metabolic. Mucosal-associated invariant T cells (MAIT) are components of the immune system involved in protection against infectious pathogens and regulate the pathogenesis of various inflammatory diseases and, potentially, colorectal cancer. Engagement between Bifidobacterium and MAIT cells could exert a beneficial effect on colorectal cancer prevention and treatment.
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66
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Knysh OV. Bifidogenic properties of cell-free extracts derived from probiotic strains of Bifidobacterium bifidum and Lactobacillus reuteri. REGULATORY MECHANISMS IN BIOSYSTEMS 2019. [DOI: 10.15421/021919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Comprehensive study of the biological activity of structural components and metabolites of “beneficial” microorganisms opens the prospects of efficient and rational use of their biotechnological potential in the correction of microecological and related disorders. The study tested proliferative activity and biofilm formation by Bifidobacterium bifidum probiotic strain under the influence of cell-free extracts containing structural components and metabolites of the probiotic strains of B. bifidum and Lactobacillus reuteri. Cell-free extracts were obtained by disintegrating suspensions of probiotic cells by cyclic freezing-thawing, cultivating probiotic microorganisms in their own disintegrates and subsequent filtration of the obtained disintegrates and cultures. The proliferative activity and biofilm formation of the probiotic test culture were studied by spectrophotometric microtiter plate method with 10%vol, 30%vol and 50%vol content of cell-free extracts in the cultivation medium. All investigated extracts showed a significant concentration-dependent stimulatory effect on the proliferative activity of B. bifidum. According to the degree of stimulatory effect on the B. bifidum proliferation, cell-free extracts arranged in ascending order: MLG (filtrate of L. reuteri culture, grown in L. reuteri disintegrate supplemented with 0.8 M glycerol and 0.4 M glucose) < MB (filtrate of В. bifidum culture, grown in В. bifidum disintegrate) < B (filtrate of В. bifidum disintegrate) < ML (filtrate of L. reuteri culture, grown in L. reuteri disintegrate) < L (filtrate of L. reuteri disintegrate). With the same content in the culture medium, filtrates of disintegrates had a more pronounced stimulatory effect than filtrates of cultures grown in their own disintegrates. Cell-free extracts from L. reuteri (L and ML) exerted a more pronounced stimulatory effect than cell-free extracts from B. bifidum. Not all studied cell-free extracts stimulated the biofilm formation by B. bifidum. The effect of cell-free extracts on this process depended on their type and concentration. Extract L had a predominantly inhibitory effect on biofilm formation by B. bifidum. The most pronounced stimulatory effect on biofilm formation by B. bifidum came from extract MLG. ML, B and MB extracts stimulated this process approximately equally. The detection of significant bifidogenic effect of the studied cell-free extracts may contribute to their pharmaceutical applications. Cell-free extracts can be used as metabiotics or prebiotics for increasing the survival of the injected probiotic, facilitating its inoculation in the gastrointestinal tract when used together. The obtained data encourage further careful study of the biochemical composition of cell-free extracts and efforts to clarify the mechanism of their action.
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