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van der Beek JN, Geller JI, de Krijger RR, Graf N, Pritchard-Jones K, Drost J, Verschuur AC, Murphy D, Ray S, Spreafico F, Dzhuma K, Littooij AS, Selle B, Tytgat GAM, van den Heuvel-Eibrink MM. Characteristics and Outcome of Children with Renal Cell Carcinoma: A Narrative Review. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E1776. [PMID: 32635225 PMCID: PMC7407101 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12071776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Pediatric renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is a rare type of kidney cancer, most commonly occurring in teenagers and young adolescents. Few relatively large series of pediatric RCC have been reported. Knowledge of clinical characteristics, outcome and treatment strategies are often based on the more frequently occurring adult types of RCC. However, published pediatric data suggest that clinical, molecular and histological characteristics of pediatric RCC differ from adult RCC. This paper summarizes reported series consisting of ≥10 RCC pediatric patients in order to create an up-to-date overview of the clinical and histopathological characteristics, treatment and outcome of pediatric RCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justine N. van der Beek
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, 3584 CS Utrecht, The Netherlands; (R.R.d.K.); (J.D.); (A.S.L.); (G.A.M.T.); (M.M.v.d.H.-E.)
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht/Wilhelmina Children’s Hospital, Utrecht University, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - James I. Geller
- Division of Oncology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA;
| | - Ronald R. de Krijger
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, 3584 CS Utrecht, The Netherlands; (R.R.d.K.); (J.D.); (A.S.L.); (G.A.M.T.); (M.M.v.d.H.-E.)
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Norbert Graf
- Department of Pediatric Oncology & Hematology, Saarland University Medical Center and Saarland University Faculty of Medicine, D-66421 Homburg, Germany;
| | - Kathy Pritchard-Jones
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London WC1N 1EH, UK; (K.P.-J.); (K.D.)
| | - Jarno Drost
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, 3584 CS Utrecht, The Netherlands; (R.R.d.K.); (J.D.); (A.S.L.); (G.A.M.T.); (M.M.v.d.H.-E.)
- Oncode Institute, 3521 AL Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Arnauld C. Verschuur
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hôpital d’Enfants de la Timone, APHM, 13005 Marseille, France;
| | - Dermot Murphy
- Department of Paediatric Oncology, Royal Hospital for Children, Glasgow G51 4TF, Scotland; (D.M.); (S.R.)
| | - Satyajit Ray
- Department of Paediatric Oncology, Royal Hospital for Children, Glasgow G51 4TF, Scotland; (D.M.); (S.R.)
| | - Filippo Spreafico
- Pediatric Oncology Unit, Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, 20133 Milano, Italy;
| | - Kristina Dzhuma
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London WC1N 1EH, UK; (K.P.-J.); (K.D.)
| | - Annemieke S. Littooij
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, 3584 CS Utrecht, The Netherlands; (R.R.d.K.); (J.D.); (A.S.L.); (G.A.M.T.); (M.M.v.d.H.-E.)
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht/Wilhelmina Children’s Hospital, Utrecht University, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Barbara Selle
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, St. Annastift Children’s Hospital, 67065 Ludwigshafen, Germany;
| | - Godelieve A. M. Tytgat
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, 3584 CS Utrecht, The Netherlands; (R.R.d.K.); (J.D.); (A.S.L.); (G.A.M.T.); (M.M.v.d.H.-E.)
| | - Marry M. van den Heuvel-Eibrink
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, 3584 CS Utrecht, The Netherlands; (R.R.d.K.); (J.D.); (A.S.L.); (G.A.M.T.); (M.M.v.d.H.-E.)
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Liu YJ, Houldsworth J, Emmadi R, Dyer L, Wolff DJ. Assessing Genomic Copy Number Alterations as Best Practice for Renal Cell Neoplasia: An Evidence-Based Review from the Cancer Genomics Consortium Workgroup. Cancer Genet 2020; 244:40-54. [PMID: 32434132 DOI: 10.1016/j.cancergen.2020.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Renal cell neoplasia are heterogeneous with diverse histology, genetic alterations, and clinical behavior that are diagnosed mostly on morphologic features. The Renal Cell Neoplasia Workgroup of the Cancer Genomics Consortium systematically evaluated peer-reviewed literature on genomic studies of renal cell carcinoma (RCC), including clear cell RCC, papillary RCC, chromophobe RCC, and the translocation RCC involving TFE3, TFEB and MITF rearrangements, as well as benign oncocytoma, which together comprise about 95% of all renal cell neoplasia. The Workgroup curated recurrent copy number alterations (CNAs), copy-neutral loss-of-heterozygosity (cnLOH), rearrangements, and mutations, found in each subtype and assigned clinical relevance according to established criteria. In clear cell RCC, loss of 3p has a disease-initiating role and most likely also in progression with mutations detected in VHL and other genes mapped to this arm, and loss of 9p and/or 14q has well-substantiated prognostic utility. Gain of chromosomes 7 and 17 are hallmark CNAs of papillary RCC, but patterns of other CNAs as detected by chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA) afford sub-classification into Type 1 and 2 with prognostic value, and for further sub-stratification of Type 2. Inherent chromosome loss in chromophobe RCC as detected by CMA is useful for distinguishing the eosinophilic variant from benign oncocytoma which in contrast exhibits few CNAs or rearranged CCND1, but share mitochondrial DNA mutations. In morphologically atypical RCCs, rearrangement of TFE3 and TFEB should be considered in the differential diagnosis, portending an aggressive RCC subtype. Overall, this evidence-based review provides a validated role for assessment of CNAs in renal cell neoplasia in the clinical setting to assist in renal cell neoplasm diagnosis and sub-classification within subtypes that is integral to the management of patients, from small incidentally found renal masses to larger surgically resected specimens, and simultaneously identify the presence of key alterations portending outcome in malignant RCC subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajuan J Liu
- Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, 1959 NE Pacific Street, Seattle, WA 98195.
| | - Jane Houldsworth
- Department of Pathology, Molecular and Cell Based Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, The Mount Sinai Health System, 1 Gustave Levy Place, New York, NY 10029.
| | - Rajyasree Emmadi
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago, 840 S. Wood Street, Chicago, IL 60612
| | - Lisa Dyer
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Human Genetics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Ave, MLC 4006, Cincinnati, OH 45229-3039
| | - Daynna J Wolff
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, 165 Ashley Avenue, MSC 908, Charleston, SC 29425
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Adashek JJ, Leonard A, Roszik J, Menta AK, Genovese G, Subbiah V, Msaouel P. Cancer Genetics and Therapeutic Opportunities in Urologic Practice. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12030710. [PMID: 32197306 PMCID: PMC7140104 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12030710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
This article aims to summarize the current literature on genetic alterations related to tumors of the genitourinary tract. Novel associations have recently been reported between specific DNA alterations and genitourinary malignancies. The most common cause of chromosome 3p loss in clear cell renal cell carcinoma is a chromothripsis event, which concurrently generates a chromosome 5q gain. Specific patterns of clear cell renal cell carcinoma metastatic evolution have been uncovered. The first therapy targeting a specific molecular alteration has now been approved for urothelial carcinoma. Germline mutations in DNA damage repair genes and the transcription factor HOXB13 are associated with prostate cancer and may be targeted therapeutically. The genetic associations noted across different genitourinary cancers can inform potential screening approaches and guide novel targeted treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob J. Adashek
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of South Florida, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33606, USA;
| | - Alex Leonard
- Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA;
| | - Jason Roszik
- Departments of Genomic Medicine and Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
| | - Arjun K. Menta
- The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA;
| | - Giannicola Genovese
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
| | - Vivek Subbiah
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics, Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Correspondence: (V.S.); (P.M.); Tel.: +1-713-563-1930 (V.S.); +1-713-563-4585 (P.M.); Fax: +1-713-792-0334 (V.S.); +1-713-745-0422 (P.M.)
| | - Pavlos Msaouel
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
- Correspondence: (V.S.); (P.M.); Tel.: +1-713-563-1930 (V.S.); +1-713-563-4585 (P.M.); Fax: +1-713-792-0334 (V.S.); +1-713-745-0422 (P.M.)
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Miranda-Gonçalves V, Lameirinhas A, Henrique R, Baltazar F, Jerónimo C. The metabolic landscape of urological cancers: New therapeutic perspectives. Cancer Lett 2020; 477:76-87. [PMID: 32142920 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2020.02.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Deregulation of cell metabolism is an established cancer hallmark that contributes to tumor initiation and progression, as well as tumor heterogeneity. In solid tumors, alterations in different metabolic pathways, including glycolysis, pentose phosphate pathway, glutaminolysis and fatty acid metabolism, support the high proliferative rates and macromolecule biosynthesis of cancer cells. Despite advances in therapy, urothelial tumors still exhibit high recurrence and mortality rates, especially in advanced stages of disease. These tumors harbor gene mutations and expression patterns which play an important role in metabolic reprogramming. Taking into account the unique metabolic features underlying carcinogenesis in these cancers, new and promising therapeutic targets based on metabolic alterations must be considered. Furthermore, the combination of metabolic inhibitors with conventional targeted therapies may improve effectiveness of treatments. This review will summarize the metabolic alterations present in urological tumors and the results with metabolic inhibitors currently available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera Miranda-Gonçalves
- Cancer Biology & Epigenetics Group-Research Center, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (CI-IPOP), 4200-072, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Ana Lameirinhas
- Cancer Biology & Epigenetics Group-Research Center, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (CI-IPOP), 4200-072, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Rui Henrique
- Cancer Biology & Epigenetics Group-Research Center, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (CI-IPOP), 4200-072, Porto, Portugal; Department of Pathology and Molecular Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar- University of Porto (ICBAS-UP), 4050-313, Porto, Portugal; Department of Pathology, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto, 4200-072, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Fátima Baltazar
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal; ICVS/3Bs-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal.
| | - Carmen Jerónimo
- Cancer Biology & Epigenetics Group-Research Center, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (CI-IPOP), 4200-072, Porto, Portugal; Department of Pathology and Molecular Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar- University of Porto (ICBAS-UP), 4050-313, Porto, Portugal.
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Bacon JVW, Annala M, Soleimani M, Lavoie JM, So A, Gleave ME, Fazli L, Wang G, Chi KN, Kollmannsberger CK, Wyatt AW, Nappi L. Plasma Circulating Tumor DNA and Clonal Hematopoiesis in Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma. Clin Genitourin Cancer 2020; 18:322-331.e2. [PMID: 32046920 DOI: 10.1016/j.clgc.2019.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a lack of molecularly-informed biomarkers for patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Plasma cell-free DNA (cfDNA) sequencing is a minimally-invasive alternative to tissue for profiling the genome in other cancers but relevance in metastatic RCC remains unclear. MATERIALS AND METHODS Whole blood was collected from 55 patients with metastatic RCC. Plasma cfDNA and leukocyte DNA were subjected to targeted sequencing across 981 cancer genes. Matched tumor tissue from 14 patients was analyzed. RESULTS Thirty-three percent of patients had evidence for RCC-derived circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA), significantly lower than patients with metastatic prostate or bladder cancer analyzed using the same approach. Among ctDNA-positive patients, ctDNA fraction averaged only 3.9% and showed no strong association with clinical variables. In these patients, the most commonly mutated genes were VHL, BAP1, and PBRM1, and matched tissue concordance was 77%. Evidence of somatic expansions unrelated to RCC, such as clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential, were detected in 43% of patients. Pathogenic germline mutations in DNA repair genes were detected in 11% of patients. CtDNA-positive patients had shorter overall survival and progression-free survival on first-line therapy. Patients with evidence of clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential had an intermediate prognosis compared with ctDNA-positive and -negative patients. CONCLUSIONS CfDNA sequencing enables straightforward characterization of the somatic RCC genome in a minority of patients with metastatic RCC. Owing to low ctDNA abundance, and the presence of non-RCC derived somatic clones in circulation, cfDNA sequencing may not be a simple pan-patient alternative to tissue biopsy in metastatic RCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack V W Bacon
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Matti Annala
- Prostate Cancer Research Center, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences and BioMediTech Institute, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - Maryam Soleimani
- Department of Medical Oncology, BC Cancer, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | - Alan So
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Martin E Gleave
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Ladan Fazli
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Gang Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, BC Cancer, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Kim N Chi
- Department of Medical Oncology, BC Cancer, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | - Alexander W Wyatt
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, British Columbia, Canada.
| | - Lucia Nappi
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, British Columbia, Canada; Department of Medical Oncology, BC Cancer, British Columbia, Canada
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HANSEN AW, CHAYED Z, PALLESEN K, VASILESCU ICODRUTA, BYGUM A. Hereditary Leiomyomatosis and Renal Cell Cancer. Acta Derm Venereol 2020; 100:adv00012. [PMID: 31663596 PMCID: PMC9128909 DOI: 10.2340/00015555-3366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hereditary leiomyomatosis and renal cell cancer is a genodermatosis with an autosomal dominant inheritance pattern. It is a tumour predisposition syndrome characterized by cutaneous and uterine leiomyomas, and increased susceptibility to develop renal cell carcinoma. There are 200-300 families with hereditary leiomyomatosis and renal cell carcinoma reported worldwide, but the syndrome is believed to be underdiagnosed. Cutaneous leiomyomas are small smooth muscle tumours that tend to grow over time. Larger lesions, in particular, can cause pain or itching. Uterine leiomyomas have a high penetrance in women with hereditary leiomyomatosis and renal cell cancer. They frequently cause symptoms, and surgical intervention is often necessary. Hereditary leiomyomatosis and renal cell cancer-associated renal cell carcinomas have a high potential to metastasize. Patients are diagnosed by genetic testing if a pathogenic mutation is demonstrated in the gene encoding fumarate hydratase. Immunohistochemistry may be a useful diagnostic approach in patients without a detectable pathogenic mutation. Diagnosed patients should be monitored for renal tumours in a lifelong surveillance programme.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zahraa CHAYED
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark
| | - Kristine PALLESEN
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy Centre, Odense University Hospital
| | | | - Anette BYGUM
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy Centre, Odense University Hospital
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Reijm E, van Thienen J, Wilgenhof S, Bex A, Haanen J. Immune Checkpoint Inhibition, the Key to Success in Renal Cell Carcinoma? KIDNEY CANCER 2019. [DOI: 10.3233/kca-190065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- E.A. Reijm
- Medical Oncology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J.V. van Thienen
- Medical Oncology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - S. Wilgenhof
- Medical Oncology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - A. Bex
- Urological Oncology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J.B.A.G. Haanen
- Medical Oncology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Zheng T, Zhu C, Bassig BA, Liu S, Buka S, Zhang X, Truong A, Oh J, Fulton J, Dai M, Li N, Shi K, Qian Z, Boyle P. The long-term rapid increase in incidence of adenocarcinoma of the kidney in the USA, especially among younger ages. Int J Epidemiol 2019; 48:1886-1896. [PMID: 31317187 PMCID: PMC7967823 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyz136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We previously observed a rapid increase in the incidence of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) in men and women between 1935 and 1989 in the USA, using data from the Connecticut Tumor Registry. This increase appeared to be largely explained by a positive cohort effect, but no population-based study has been conducted to comprehensively examine age-period-cohort effects by histologic types for the past decade. METHODS We calculated age-adjusted and age-specific incidence rates of the two major kidney-cancer subtypes RCC and renal urothelial carcinoma, and conducted an age-period-cohort analysis of 114 138 incident cases of kidney cancer reported between 1992 and 2014 to the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results programme. RESULTS The age-adjusted incidence rates of RCC have been increasing consistently in the USA among both men and women (from 12.18/100 000 in 1992-1994 to 18.35/100 000 in 2010-2014 among men; from 5.77/100 000 in 1992-1994 to 8.63/100 000 in 2010-2014 among women). Incidence rates generally increased in successive birth cohorts, with a continuing increase in rates among the younger age groups (ages 0-54 years) in both men and women and among both Whites and Blacks. These observations were confirmed by age-period-cohort modelling, which suggested an increasing birth-cohort trend for RCC beginning with 1955 birth cohorts, regardless of the assumed value for the period effect for both men and women and for Whites and Blacks. CONCLUSIONS Known risk factors for kidney cancer may not fully account for the observed increasing rates or the birth-cohort pattern for RCC, prompting the need for additional etiologic hypotheses (such as environmental exposures) to investigate these descriptive patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cairong Zhu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Bryan A Bassig
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, NCI, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Simin Liu
- Brown School of Public Health, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Stephen Buka
- Brown School of Public Health, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Xichi Zhang
- George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | | | - Junhi Oh
- Rhode Island Department of Health, Providence, RI, USA
| | - John Fulton
- Brown School of Public Health, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Min Dai
- China National Cancer Center, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Ni Li
- China National Cancer Center, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Kunchong Shi
- Brown School of Public Health, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Zhengmin Qian
- College for Public Health & Social Justice Saint Louis University, MO, USA
| | - Peter Boyle
- International Prevention Research Institute, Lyon, France
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Abstract
Papillary renal cell carcinoma (PRCC) is a subtype of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) accounting for approximately 15-20% of cases and further divided into Type 1 and Type 2. Type 1 PRCC tends to have more alterations in the MET tyrosine kinase receptor than Type 2 PRCC. Treatment for RCC patients is based on studies with minimal participation from patients with PRCC; consequently, conventional therapies tend to be less effective for RCC patients with a subtype other than ccRCC (non-ccRCC). Since MET is a known alteration in PRCC, it is potential target for directed therapy. There have been many attempts to develop MET inhibitors for use in solid tumors including PRCC. The following review will discuss the current research regarding MET-targeted therapy, MET inhibitors in clinical trials, and future directions for MET inhibitors in PRCC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mehmet Asim Bilen
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
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60
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Laskar RS, Muller DC, Li P, Machiela MJ, Ye Y, Gaborieau V, Foll M, Hofmann JN, Colli L, Sampson JN, Wang Z, Bacq-Daian D, Boland A, Abedi-Ardekani B, Durand G, Le Calvez-Kelm F, Robinot N, Blanche H, Prokhortchouk E, Skryabin KG, Burdett L, Yeager M, Radojevic-Skodric S, Savic S, Foretova L, Holcatova I, Janout V, Mates D, Rascu S, Mukeria A, Zaridze D, Bencko V, Cybulski C, Fabianova E, Jinga V, Lissowska J, Lubinski J, Navratilova M, Rudnai P, Świątkowska B, Benhamou S, Cancel-Tassin G, Cussenot O, Trichopoulou A, Riboli E, Overvad K, Panico S, Ljungberg B, Sitaram RT, Giles GG, Milne RL, Severi G, Bruinsma F, Fletcher T, Koppova K, Larsson SC, Wolk A, Banks RE, Selby PJ, Easton DF, Pharoah P, Andreotti G, Beane Freeman LE, Koutros S, Albanes D, Männistö S, Weinstein S, Clark PE, Edwards TL, Lipworth L, Carol H, Freedman ML, Pomerantz MM, Cho E, Kraft P, Preston MA, Wilson KM, Michael Gaziano J, Sesso HD, Black A, Freedman ND, Huang WY, Anema JG, Kahnoski RJ, Lane BR, Noyes SL, Petillo D, Teh BT, Peters U, White E, Anderson GL, Johnson L, Luo J, Chow WH, Moore LE, Choueiri TK, Wood C, Johansson M, McKay JD, Brown KM, Rothman N, Lathrop MG, Deleuze JF, Wu X, Brennan P, Chanock SJ, Purdue MP, Scelo G. Sex specific associations in genome wide association analysis of renal cell carcinoma. Eur J Hum Genet 2019; 27:1589-1598. [PMID: 31231134 PMCID: PMC6777615 DOI: 10.1038/s41431-019-0455-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Revised: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) has an undisputed genetic component and a stable 2:1 male to female sex ratio in its incidence across populations, suggesting possible sexual dimorphism in its genetic susceptibility. We conducted the first sex-specific genome-wide association analysis of RCC for men (3227 cases, 4916 controls) and women (1992 cases, 3095 controls) of European ancestry from two RCC genome-wide scans and replicated the top findings using an additional series of men (2261 cases, 5852 controls) and women (1399 cases, 1575 controls) from two independent cohorts of European origin. Our study confirmed sex-specific associations for two known RCC risk loci at 14q24.2 (DPF3) and 2p21(EPAS1). We also identified two additional suggestive male-specific loci at 6q24.3 (SAMD5, male odds ratio (ORmale) = 0.83 [95% CI = 0.78-0.89], Pmale = 1.71 × 10-8 compared with female odds ratio (ORfemale) = 0.98 [95% CI = 0.90-1.07], Pfemale = 0.68) and 12q23.3 (intergenic, ORmale = 0.75 [95% CI = 0.68-0.83], Pmale = 1.59 × 10-8 compared with ORfemale = 0.93 [95% CI = 0.82-1.06], Pfemale = 0.21) that attained genome-wide significance in the joint meta-analysis. Herein, we provide evidence of sex-specific associations in RCC genetic susceptibility and advocate the necessity of larger genetic and genomic studies to unravel the endogenous causes of sex bias in sexually dimorphic traits and diseases like RCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruhina S Laskar
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France
| | - David C Muller
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Peng Li
- Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, Rostock, Germany
| | - Mitchell J Machiela
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Yuanqing Ye
- Department of Epidemiology, Division of Cancer Prevention and Population Sciences, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Matthieu Foll
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France
| | - Jonathan N Hofmann
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Leandro Colli
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Joshua N Sampson
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Zhaoming Wang
- Department of Computational Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Delphine Bacq-Daian
- Centre National de Recherche en Génomique Humaine, , Institut de biologie François Jacob, CEA, Evry, France
| | - Anne Boland
- Centre National de Recherche en Génomique Humaine, , Institut de biologie François Jacob, CEA, Evry, France
| | | | - Geoffroy Durand
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France
| | | | | | - Helene Blanche
- Fondation Jean Dausset-Centre d'Etude du Polymorphisme Humain, Paris, France
| | - Egor Prokhortchouk
- Center 'Bioengineering' of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation
- Kurchatov Scientific Center, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Konstantin G Skryabin
- Center 'Bioengineering' of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation
- Kurchatov Scientific Center, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Laurie Burdett
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Meredith Yeager
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Slavisa Savic
- Department of Urology, University Hospital "Dr D. Misovic" Clinical Center, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Lenka Foretova
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ivana Holcatova
- 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimir Janout
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Dana Mates
- National Institute of Public Health, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Stefan Rascu
- Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Th. Burghele Hospital, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Anush Mukeria
- Russian N.N. Blokhin Cancer Research Centre, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - David Zaridze
- Russian N.N. Blokhin Cancer Research Centre, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Vladimir Bencko
- First Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Cezary Cybulski
- International Hereditary Cancer Center, Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Eleonora Fabianova
- Regional Authority of Public Health in BanskaBystrica, BanskaBystrica, Slovakia
| | - Viorel Jinga
- Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Th. Burghele Hospital, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Jolanta Lissowska
- The M Sklodowska-Curie Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jan Lubinski
- International Hereditary Cancer Center, Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Marie Navratilova
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Peter Rudnai
- National Public Health Institute, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Beata Świątkowska
- Department of Epidemiology, Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, Lodz, Poland
| | - Simone Benhamou
- INSERM U946, Paris, France
- CNRS UMR8200, Institute Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Geraldine Cancel-Tassin
- Sorbonne Université, GRC no. 5, ONCOTYPE-URO, AP-HP, Tenon Hospital, Paris, France
- CeRePP, Paris, France
| | - Olivier Cussenot
- Sorbonne Université, GRC no. 5, ONCOTYPE-URO, AP-HP, Tenon Hospital, Paris, France
- CeRePP, Paris, France
| | | | - Elio Riboli
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Kim Overvad
- Department of Public Health, Section for Epidemiology, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Salvatore Panico
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Borje Ljungberg
- Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Urology and Andrology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Raviprakash T Sitaram
- Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Urology and Andrology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Graham G Giles
- Cancer Epidemiology & Intelligence Division, Cancer Council of Victoria, 615 St Kilda Road, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Roger L Milne
- Cancer Epidemiology & Intelligence Division, Cancer Council of Victoria, 615 St Kilda Road, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Gianluca Severi
- Cancer Epidemiology & Intelligence Division, Cancer Council of Victoria, 615 St Kilda Road, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
- Inserm U1018, Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health (CESP), Facultés de Medicine, Université Paris-Saclay, Université Paris-Sud, UVSQ, Gustave Roussy, 114 rue Edouard Vaillant, 94805, Villejuif Cedex, France
| | - Fiona Bruinsma
- Cancer Epidemiology & Intelligence Division, Cancer Council of Victoria, 615 St Kilda Road, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
| | - Tony Fletcher
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, University of London, London, UK
| | - Kvetoslava Koppova
- Regional Authority of Public Health in BanskaBystrica, BanskaBystrica, Slovakia
| | - Susanna C Larsson
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Alicja Wolk
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Rosamonde E Banks
- Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology, University of Leeds, Cancer Research Building, St James's University Hospital, Leeds, UK
| | - Peter J Selby
- Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology, University of Leeds, Cancer Research Building, St James's University Hospital, Leeds, UK
| | - Douglas F Easton
- Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Paul Pharoah
- Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Gabriella Andreotti
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Laura E Beane Freeman
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Stella Koutros
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Demetrius Albanes
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Satu Männistö
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Stephanie Weinstein
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Peter Kraft
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mark A Preston
- Brigham and Women's Hospital and VA Boston, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | - Howard D Sesso
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Amanda Black
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Neal D Freedman
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Wen-Yi Huang
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - John G Anema
- Division of Urology, Spectrum Health, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | | | - Brian R Lane
- Division of Urology, Spectrum Health, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
- College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Sabrina L Noyes
- Van Andel Research Institute, Center for Cancer Genomics and Quantitative Biology, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - David Petillo
- Van Andel Research Institute, Center for Cancer Genomics and Quantitative Biology, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Bin Tean Teh
- Van Andel Research Institute, Center for Cancer Genomics and Quantitative Biology, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Ulrike Peters
- Cancer Prevention Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Emily White
- Cancer Prevention Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Lisa Johnson
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Juhua Luo
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health Indiana University Bloomington, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Wong-Ho Chow
- Department of Epidemiology, Division of Cancer Prevention and Population Sciences, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Lee E Moore
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Christopher Wood
- Department of Epidemiology, Division of Cancer Prevention and Population Sciences, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - James D McKay
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France
| | - Kevin M Brown
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Nathaniel Rothman
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Mark G Lathrop
- McGill University and Genome Quebec Innovation Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jean-Francois Deleuze
- Centre National de Recherche en Génomique Humaine, , Institut de biologie François Jacob, CEA, Evry, France
- Fondation Jean Dausset-Centre d'Etude du Polymorphisme Humain, Paris, France
| | - Xifeng Wu
- Department of Epidemiology, Division of Cancer Prevention and Population Sciences, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Paul Brennan
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France
| | - Stephen J Chanock
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Mark P Purdue
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ghislaine Scelo
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France.
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Batai K, Harb-De la Rosa A, Zeng J, Chipollini JJ, Gachupin FC, Lee BR. Racial/ethnic disparities in renal cell carcinoma: Increased risk of early-onset and variation in histologic subtypes. Cancer Med 2019; 8:6780-6788. [PMID: 31509346 PMCID: PMC6826053 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.2552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Revised: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Racial/ethnic minority groups have a higher burden of renal cell carcinoma (RCC), but RCC among Hispanic Americans (HAs) and American Indians and Alaska Natives (AIs/ANs) are clinically not well characterized. We explored variations in age at diagnosis and frequencies of RCC histologic subtypes across racial/ethnic groups and Hispanic subgroups using National Cancer Database (NCDB) and Arizona Cancer Registry Data. Methods Adult RCC cases with known race/ethnicity were included. Logistic regression analysis was performed to estimate odds and 95% confidence interval (CI) of early‐onset (age at diagnosis <50 years) and diagnosis with clear cell RCC (ccRCC) or papillary RCC. Results A total of 405 073 RCC cases from NCDB and 9751 cases from ACR were identified and included. In both datasets, patients from racial/ethnic minority groups had a younger age at diagnosis than non‐Hispanic White (NHW) patients. In the NCDB, AIs/ANs had twofold increased odds (OR, 2.21; 95% CI, 1.88‐2.59) of early‐onset RCC compared with NHWs. HAs also had twofold increased odds of early‐onset RCC (OR, 2.14; 95% CI, 1.79‐2.55) in the ACR. In NCDB, ccRCC was more prevalent in AIs (86.3%) and Mexican Americans (83.5%) than NHWs (72.5%). AIs/ANs had twofold increased odds of diagnosis with ccRCC (OR, 2.18; 95% CI, 1.85‐2.58) in the NCDB, but the association was stronger in the ACR (OR, 2.83; 95% CI, 2.08‐3.85). Similarly, Mexican Americans had significantly increased odds of diagnosis with ccRCC (OR, 2.00; 95% CI, 1.78‐2.23) in the NCDB. Conclusions This study reports younger age at diagnosis and higher frequencies of ccRCC histologic subtype in AIs/ANs and Hispanic subgroups. These variations across racial/ethnic groups and Hispanic subgroups may have potential clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken Batai
- Department of Urology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | | | - Jiping Zeng
- Department of Urology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | | | - Francine C Gachupin
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Benjamin R Lee
- Department of Urology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To review the presentation, natural history and treatment of renal cell carcinoma in children and young adults with renal cell carcinoma (RCC). RECENT FINDINGS Complete resection of lymph nodes at the time of tumor resection can improve clinical outcomes and limit the need for adjuvant chemotherapy. Genetic alterations that lead to translocation tumors are a therapeutic target of receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors. SUMMARY The incidence of RCC increases with age. Unlike adult patients, young patients with RCC present symptomatically and at higher stage and grade. Translocation tumors predominate RCC in children with biologic activity characterized by early spread to lymph nodes with small primary tumors. Preoperative imaging is poorly sensitive for positive lymph nodes; as such, surgeons should have a low threshold for lymph node sampling during tumor resection. Despite the advanced stage at presentation, the prognosis in children is more favorable than their adult counterparts. Complete resection of lymph nodes at the time of surgical resection improves patient prognosis. Chemotherapy targeting the PI3/AKT pathway has demonstrated clinical benefit.
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Lameirinhas A, Miranda-Gonçalves V, Henrique R, Jerónimo C. The Complex Interplay between Metabolic Reprogramming and Epigenetic Alterations in Renal Cell Carcinoma. Genes (Basel) 2019; 10:E264. [PMID: 30986931 PMCID: PMC6523766 DOI: 10.3390/genes10040264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Revised: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the most common malignancy affecting the kidney. Current therapies are mostly curative for localized disease, but do not completely preclude recurrence and metastization. Thus, it is imperative to develop new therapeutic strategies based on RCC biological properties. Presently, metabolic reprograming and epigenetic alterations are recognized cancer hallmarks and their interactions are still in its infancy concerning RCC. In this review, we explore RCC biology, highlighting genetic and epigenetic alterations that contribute to metabolic deregulation of tumor cells, including high glycolytic phenotype (Warburg effect). Moreover, we critically discuss available data concerning epigenetic enzymes' regulation by aberrant metabolite accumulation and their consequences in RCC emergence and progression. Finally, we emphasize the clinical relevance of uncovering novel therapeutic targets based on epigenetic reprograming by metabolic features to improve treatment and survival of RCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Lameirinhas
- Cancer Biology & Epigenetics Group-Research Center, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (CI-IPOP), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal.
- Master in Oncology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto (ICBAS-UP), 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Vera Miranda-Gonçalves
- Cancer Biology & Epigenetics Group-Research Center, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (CI-IPOP), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Rui Henrique
- Cancer Biology & Epigenetics Group-Research Center, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (CI-IPOP), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal.
- Department of Pathology, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal.
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar⁻ University of Porto (ICBAS-UP), 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Carmen Jerónimo
- Cancer Biology & Epigenetics Group-Research Center, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (CI-IPOP), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal.
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar⁻ University of Porto (ICBAS-UP), 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
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64
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Harris WB. Epidemiology of Renal Cell Carcinoma and Its Predisposing Risk Factors. Urol Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-42623-5_55] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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65
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Wu J, Wang H, Ricketts CJ, Yang Y, Merino MJ, Zhang H, Shi G, Gan H, Linehan WM, Zhu Y, Ye D. Germline mutations of renal cancer predisposition genes and clinical relevance in Chinese patients with sporadic, early-onset disease. Cancer 2018; 125:1060-1069. [PMID: 30548481 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.31908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Revised: 11/04/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND An inherited susceptibility to renal cancers is associated with multiple predisposing genes, but most screening tests are limited to patients with a family history. Next-generation sequencing (NGS)-based multigene panels provide an efficient and adaptable tool for investigating pathogenic germline mutations on a larger scale. This study investigated the frequency of pathogenic germline mutations in renal cancer predisposition genes in patients with sporadic, early-onset disease. METHODS An NGS-based panel of 23 known and potential renal cancer predisposition genes was used to analyze germline mutations in 190 unrelated Chinese patients under the age of 45 years who presented with renal tumors. The detected variants were filtered for pathogenicity, and then their frequencies were calculated and correlated with clinical features. Germline variants of the fumarate hydratase (FH) and BRCA1-associated protein 1 (BAP1) genes were comprehensively analyzed because of their aggressive potential. RESULTS In total, 18 patients (9.5%) had germline mutations in 10 genes. Twelve of these 18 patients had alterations in renal cancer predisposition genes (6.3%), and 6 patients had mutations in potential predisposition genes such as BRCA1/2. Notably, pathogenic mutation carriers had a significant family history in second-degree relatives in comparison with those without pathogenic mutations (P < .001). Variants of unknown clinical significance in FH and BAP1 demonstrated evidence of additional somatic loss in tumors. CONCLUSIONS In patients with early-onset disease, a multigene panel identified a high pathogenic germline mutation rate in renal cancer predisposition genes. This study emphasizes the importance of screening patients with early-onset disease for mutations in cancer predisposition genes. Germline screening should be encouraged in early-onset patients to provide personalized medicine and improve patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junlong Wu
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongkai Wang
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Christopher J Ricketts
- Urologic Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Youfeng Yang
- Urologic Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Maria J Merino
- Urologic Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Hailiang Zhang
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Guohai Shi
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Hualei Gan
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - W Marston Linehan
- Urologic Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Yao Zhu
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Dingwei Ye
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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D'Avella C, Abbosh P, Pal SK, Geynisman DM. Mutations in renal cell carcinoma. Urol Oncol 2018; 38:763-773. [PMID: 30478013 DOI: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2018.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Revised: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is a commonly diagnosed and histologically diverse urologic malignancy. Clear cell RCC (ccRCC) is by far the most common, followed by the papillary and chromophobe subtypes. Sarcomatoid differentiation is a morphologic change that can be seen in all subtypes that typically portends a poor prognosis. In the past, treatment options for RCC were limited to cytokine-based therapy with a high-toxicity profile and low response rate. An increased understanding of the molecular basis of RCC has led to substantial improvement in treatment options in the form of targeted therapy and immunotherapy. A significant early discovery in RCC was frequent inactivation of the Von Hippel Lindau gene in ccRCC, which ultimately led to the development of vascular endothelial growth factor and mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitors. Further genomic sequencing of ccRCC tumors has identified other common mutations including BAP-1, PBRM1, SETD2, and PIK3CA. Many recent studies have explored how these mutations can affect prognosis and response to treatment. Likewise, papillary RCC has also been studied at the molecular level, which has shown a high level of mutations in the MET gene; early clinical data suggest the utility of MET targeted therapy. Finally, regarding the rarer sarcomatoid tumors, mutations in TP53 and NF2 may be important to their development. As we continue to learn more about what drives RCC at the molecular level, treatment options for RCC patients are diversifying.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Phillip Abbosh
- Molecular Therapeutics, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Temple Health, Philadelphia, PA; Department of Urology, Einstein Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Sumanta K Pal
- Department of Medical Oncology & Experimental Therapeutics, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA
| | - Daniel M Geynisman
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA.
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Abstract
Renal cell cancer (RCC) (epithelial carcinoma of the kidney) represents 2%-4% of newly diagnosed adult tumors. Over the past 2 decades, RCC has been better characterized clinically and molecularly. It is a heterogeneous disease, with multiple subtypes, each with characteristic histology, genetics, molecular profiles, and biologic behavior. Tremendous heterogeneity has been identified with many distinct subtypes characterized. There are clinical questions to be addressed at every stage of this disease, and new targets being identified for therapeutic development. The unique characteristics of the clinical presentations of RCC have led to both questions and opportunities for improvement in management. Advances in targeted drug development and understanding of immunologic control of RCC are leading to a number of new clinical trials and regimens for advanced disease, with the goal of achieving long-term disease-free survival, as has been achieved in a proportion of such patients historically. RCC management is a promising area of ongoing clinical investigation.
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68
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Shuch B, Zhang J. Genetic Predisposition to Renal Cell Carcinoma: Implications for Counseling, Testing, Screening, and Management. J Clin Oncol 2018; 36:JCO2018792523. [PMID: 30372385 DOI: 10.1200/jco.2018.79.2523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In many individuals with renal cell carcinoma (RCC), a hereditary cause may have contributed to cancer development. Various risk factors can be suggestive of a genetic contribution, including early disease onset, multifocal or bilateral tumors, family history of RCC, and personal/family history of other benign or malignant tumors. Genetic counseling and understanding of the entire family tree are the first steps in evaluation and will determine if the patient should proceed with testing. Methods of testing have changed to next-generation sequencing, which allows multiple genes to be evaluated together. The results of testing have significant implications for the individual and his or her family members. Screening of the kidney and at-risk organs ensues, with most algorithms focused on early diagnosis and intervention to limit morbidity and mortality of disease manifestations. A comprehensive clinical program that can offer multidisciplinary care is useful for several complex cancer syndromes. Management of localized and advanced hereditary kidney cancers may differ from the sporadic forms of RCC. Knowledge of the genetics can have significant management implications and if necessary genetic evaluation can be expedited to allow treatment decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Shuch
- Brian Shuch, Yale School of Medicine and Yale Cancer Center, New Haven, CT; and Jin Zhang, RenJi Hospital and Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin Zhang
- Brian Shuch, Yale School of Medicine and Yale Cancer Center, New Haven, CT; and Jin Zhang, RenJi Hospital and Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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Abstract
The purpose of this narrative review is to summarize evidence of the epidemiology of and risk factors for kidney cancer with a focus on renal cell carcinoma in adults. The etiology of kidney cancer is largely unknown and the main epidemiologic determinants are large geographic and temporal variations in incidence rates. Established risk factors include tobacco smoking, body size, and history of hypertension and chronic kidney disease. Other suspected risk factors require additional investigation, as do the underlying biologic mechanisms that are responsible for disease occurrence. Opportunities to prevent kidney cancer include targeting modifiable risk factors-for example, smoking abstinence/cessation and body weight control-as well as interventions along the diagnostic pathway to improve early diagnosis. Molecular epidemiology, including, but not limited to, metabolomics and tumor genomics, are new areas of research that promise to play important roles in identifying some of the underlying causes of kidney cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghislaine Scelo
- Ghislaine Scelo and Tricia L. Larose, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France; and Tricia L. Larose, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Tricia L. Larose
- Ghislaine Scelo and Tricia L. Larose, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France; and Tricia L. Larose, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
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70
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Wang G, Rao P. Succinate Dehydrogenase–Deficient Renal Cell Carcinoma: A Short Review. Arch Pathol Lab Med 2018; 142:1284-1288. [DOI: 10.5858/arpa.2017-0199-rs] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) is a mitochondrial enzyme complex composed of 4 protein subunits (SDHA, SDHB, SDHC, and SDHD). Germ line mutations of the genes encoding these SDH subunits result in hereditary syndromes harboring pheochromocytomas/paragangliomas, gastrointestinal stromal tumors, renal cell carcinomas, and pituitary adenomas. SDH-deficient renal cell carcinomas are rare, with a mean age of 38 to 40 years. Histologically, these tumors show a characteristic appearance that includes a solid, nested, or tubular architecture with variable cysts. Cells are typically cuboidal, have indistinct cell borders and eosinophilic cytoplasm, and show flocculent intracytoplasmic inclusions. Loss of immunohistochemical staining for SDHB is the hallmark of these tumors. Although most SDH-deficient renal cell carcinomas are clinically indolent, some tumors may behave aggressively, particularly those with a high nuclear grade, tumor necrosis, or sarcomatoid differentiation. Accurate classification of these tumors is important for clinical follow-up, screening, and genetic evaluation of the patients and other family members for this hereditary tumor syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Priya Rao
- From the Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston
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Cavaillé M, Ponelle-Chachuat F, Uhrhammer N, Viala S, Gay-Bellile M, Privat M, Bidet Y, Bignon YJ. Early Onset Multiple Primary Tumors in Atypical Presentation of Cowden Syndrome Identified by Whole-Exome-Sequencing. Front Genet 2018; 9:353. [PMID: 30233642 PMCID: PMC6127642 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2018.00353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A family with an aggregation of rare early onset multiple primary tumors has been managed in our oncogenetics department: the proband developed four early onset carcinomas between ages 31 and 33 years, including acral melanoma, bilateral clear cell renal carcinoma (RC), and follicular variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma. The proband's parent developed orbital lymphoma and small intestine mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma between 40 and 50 years old. Whole-exome-sequencing (WES) of the nuclear family (proband, parents, and sibling) identified in the proband a de novo deleterious heterozygous mutation c.1003C > T (p.Arg335∗) in the phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) gene. Furthermore, WES allowed analysis of the nuclear family's genetic background, and identified deleterious variants in two candidate modifier genes: CEACAM1 and MIB2. CEACAM1, a tumor suppressor gene, presents loss of expression in clear cell RC and is involved in proliferation of B cells. It could explain in part the phenotype of proband's parent and the occurrence of clear cell RC in the proband. Deleterious mutations in the MIB2 gene are associated with melanoma invasion, and could explain the occurrence of melanoma in the proband. Cowden syndrome is a hereditary autosomal dominant disorder associated with increased risk of muco-cutaneous features, hamartomatous tumors, and cancer. This atypical presentation, including absence of muco-cutaneous lesions, four primary early onset tumors and bilateral clear cell RC, has not been described before. This encourages including the PTEN gene in panel testing in the context of early onset RC, whatever the histological subtype. Further studies are required to determine the implication of CEACAM1 and MIB2 in the severity of Cowden syndrome in our proband and occurrence of early onset MALT lymphoma in a parent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathias Cavaillé
- INSERM, U1240 Imagerie Moléculaire et Stratégies Théranostiques, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France.,Département d'Oncogénétique, Centre Jean Perrin, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Flora Ponelle-Chachuat
- INSERM, U1240 Imagerie Moléculaire et Stratégies Théranostiques, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France.,Département d'Oncogénétique, Centre Jean Perrin, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Nancy Uhrhammer
- INSERM, U1240 Imagerie Moléculaire et Stratégies Théranostiques, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France.,Département d'Oncogénétique, Centre Jean Perrin, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Sandrine Viala
- INSERM, U1240 Imagerie Moléculaire et Stratégies Théranostiques, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France.,Département d'Oncogénétique, Centre Jean Perrin, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Mathilde Gay-Bellile
- INSERM, U1240 Imagerie Moléculaire et Stratégies Théranostiques, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France.,Département d'Oncogénétique, Centre Jean Perrin, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Maud Privat
- INSERM, U1240 Imagerie Moléculaire et Stratégies Théranostiques, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France.,Département d'Oncogénétique, Centre Jean Perrin, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Yannick Bidet
- INSERM, U1240 Imagerie Moléculaire et Stratégies Théranostiques, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France.,Département d'Oncogénétique, Centre Jean Perrin, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Yves-Jean Bignon
- INSERM, U1240 Imagerie Moléculaire et Stratégies Théranostiques, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France.,Département d'Oncogénétique, Centre Jean Perrin, Clermont-Ferrand, France
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72
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Abstract
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the most common kidney cancer and includes several molecular and histological subtypes with different clinical characteristics. While survival rates are high if RCC is diagnosed when still confined to the kidney and treated definitively, there are no specific diagnostic screening tests available and symptoms are rare in early stages of the disease. Management of advanced RCC has changed significantly with the advent of targeted therapies, yet survival is usually increased by months due to acquired resistance to these therapies. DNA methylation, the covalent addition of a methyl group to a cytosine, is essential for normal development and transcriptional regulation, but becomes altered commonly in cancer. These alterations result in broad transcriptional changes, including in tumor suppressor genes. Because DNA methylation is one of the earliest molecular changes in cancer and is both widespread and stable, its role in cancer biology, including RCC, has been extensively studied. In this review, we examine the role of DNA methylation in RCC disease etiology and progression, the preclinical use of DNA methylation alterations as diagnostic, prognostic and predictive biomarkers, and the potential for DNA methylation-directed therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany N Lasseigne
- HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, 601 Genome Way, Huntsville, AL, 35806-2908, USA.
| | - James D Brooks
- Department of Urology, Stanford University Medical Center, 300 Pasteur Drive, Stanford, CA, 94305-5118, USA
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73
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Sims JN, Yedjou CG, Abugri D, Payton M, Turner T, Miele L, Tchounwou PB. Racial Disparities and Preventive Measures to Renal Cell Carcinoma. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:E1089. [PMID: 29843394 PMCID: PMC6024978 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15061089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Revised: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Kidney cancer ranks among the top 10 cancers in the United States. Although it affects both male and female populations, it is more common in males. The prevalence rate of renal cell carcinoma (RCC), which represents about 85% of kidney cancers, has been increasing gradually in many developed countries. Family history has been considered as one of the most relevant risk factors for kidney cancer, although most forms of an inherited predisposition for RCC only account for less than four percent. Lifestyle and other factors such as occupational exposure, high blood pressure, poor diet, and heavy cigarette smoking are highly associated with its incidence and mortality rates. In the United States, White populations have the lowest prevalence of RCC compared to other ethnic groups, while Black Americans suffer disproportionally from the adverse effects of RCC. Hence, this review article aims at identifying the major risk factors associated with RCC and highlighting the new therapeutic approaches for its control/prevention. To achieve this specific aim, articles in peer-reviewed journals with a primary focus on risk factors related to kidney cancer and on strategies to reduce RCC were identified. The review was systematically conducted by searching the databases of MEDLINE, PUBMED Central, and Google Scholar libraries for original articles. From the search, we found that the incidence and mortality rates of RCC are strongly associated with four main risk factors, including family history (genetics), lifestyle (poor diet, cigarette smoking, excess alcohol drinking), environment (community where people live), and occupation (place where people work). In addition, unequal access to improvement in RCC cancer treatment, limited access to screening and diagnosis, and limited access to kidney transplant significantly contribute to the difference observed in survival rate between African Americans and Caucasians. There is also scientific evidence suggesting that some physicians contribute to racial disparities when performing kidney transplant among minority populations. New therapeutic measures should be taken to prevent or reduce RCC, especially among African Americans, the most vulnerable population group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer N Sims
- Department of Behavioral and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Jackson State University, 350 W. Woodrow Wilson Dr., P.O. Box 17038, Jackson, MS 39217, USA.
| | - Clement G Yedjou
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Engineering and Technology, Jackson State University, 1400 Lynch St., Jackson, MS 39217, USA.
- Natural Chemotherapeutics Research Laboratory, RCMI Center for Environmental Health, Jackson State University, 1400 Lynch St., Jackson, MS 39217, USA.
| | - Daniel Abugri
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Biology, Laboratory of Ethno-Medicine, Parasitology and Drug Discovery, College of Arts and Science, Tuskegee University, 1200 Old Montgomery Road, Tuskegee, AL 36088, USA.
| | - Marinelle Payton
- Department of Behavioral and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Jackson State University, 350 W. Woodrow Wilson Dr., P.O. Box 17038, Jackson, MS 39217, USA.
| | - Timothy Turner
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Engineering and Technology, Jackson State University, 1400 Lynch St., Jackson, MS 39217, USA.
| | - Lucio Miele
- Department of Genetics, Louisiana State University, Health Sciences Center, School of Medicine, 533 Bolivar St., Room 657, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA.
| | - Paul B Tchounwou
- Natural Chemotherapeutics Research Laboratory, RCMI Center for Environmental Health, Jackson State University, 1400 Lynch St., Jackson, MS 39217, USA.
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74
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Hasumi H, Yao M. Hereditary kidney cancer syndromes: Genetic disorders driven by alterations in metabolism and epigenome regulation. Cancer Sci 2018; 109:581-586. [PMID: 29325224 PMCID: PMC5834811 DOI: 10.1111/cas.13503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2017] [Revised: 01/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Although hereditary kidney cancer syndrome accounts for approximately five percent of all kidney cancers, the mechanistic insight into tumor development in these rare conditions has provided the foundation for the development of molecular targeting agents currently used for sporadic kidney cancer. In the late 1980s, the comprehensive study for hereditary kidney cancer syndrome was launched in the National Cancer Institute, USA and the first kidney cancer‐associated gene, VHL, was identified through kindred analysis of von Hippel‐Lindau (VHL) syndrome in 1993. Subsequent molecular studies on VHL function have elucidated that the VHL protein is a component of E3 ubiquitin ligase complex for hypoxia‐inducible factor (HIF), which provided the basis for the development of tyrosine kinase inhibitors targeting the HIF‐VEGF/PDGF pathway. Recent whole‐exome sequencing analysis of sporadic kidney cancer exhibited the recurrent mutations in chromatin remodeling genes and the later study has revealed that several chromatin remodeling genes are altered in kidney cancer kindred at the germline level. To date, more than 10 hereditary kidney cancer syndromes together with each responsible gene have been characterized and most of the causative genes for these genetic disorders are associated with either metabolism or epigenome regulation. In this review article, we describe the molecular mechanisms of how an alteration of each kidney cancer‐associated gene leads to renal tumorigenesis as well as denote therapeutic targets elicited by studies on hereditary kidney cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisashi Hasumi
- Department of Urology, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Masahiro Yao
- Department of Urology, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
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75
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Moch H, Ohashi R, Gandhi JS, Amin MB. Morphological clues to the appropriate recognition of hereditary renal neoplasms. Semin Diagn Pathol 2018; 35:184-192. [PMID: 29454577 DOI: 10.1053/j.semdp.2018.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
An important emerging role of the surgical pathologist besides the traditional tasks of establishment of the diagnosis and documentation of prognostic and predictive factors, is to recognize the possibility of a hereditary condition in cases where the histology is suggestive for a familial cancer syndrome. In recent years, the knowledge regarding all of the above roles, including the role of recognition of familial cancer, has particularly expanded in renal neoplasms with the close scrutiny to morphology, molecular correlates and clinical features of the different sub-types of renal cell carcinoma. Awareness of these clinically distinctive sub-types and their associated histologic clues will prompt the pathologist for further immunohistochemical or molecular work up, to look for clinical information to support the suspected diagnosis of familial cancer, to alert managing physician/s to look for stigmata of history of familial cancer, which will permit triaging patients and their families for appropriate genetic counseling. This review provides a comprehensive review of the known sub-types of renal cell carcinoma that have a predilection to occur in the setting of hereditary disease; examples include renal cancers occurring in the background of von Hippel Lindau disease, hereditary leiomyomatosis and renal cell carcinoma syndrome, tuberous sclerosis, Birt Hogg Dube syndrome and succinate dehydrogenase deficiency. Herein we focus on diagnostic clues for renal tumors occurring in a non-pediatric setting that should prompt their correct recognition and reiterate the importance of the correct diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holger Moch
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Pathology, University and University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Riuko Ohashi
- Histopathology Core Facility, Niigata University Faculty of Medicine, Niigata, Japan; Division of Molecular and Diagnostic Pathology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Jatin S Gandhi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Sciences, Memphis, USA
| | - Mahul B Amin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Sciences, Memphis, USA; Department of Urology, University of Tennessee Health Sciences, Memphis, USA
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76
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Hsieh JJ, Le V, Cao D, Cheng EH, Creighton CJ. Genomic classifications of renal cell carcinoma: a critical step towards the future application of personalized kidney cancer care with pan-omics precision. J Pathol 2018; 244:525-537. [PMID: 29266437 DOI: 10.1002/path.5022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Revised: 12/10/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Over the past 20 years, classifications of kidney cancer have undergone major revisions based on morphological refinements and molecular characterizations. The 2016 WHO classification of renal tumors recognizes more than ten different renal cell carcinoma (RCC) subtypes. Furthermore, the marked inter- and intra-tumor heterogeneity of RCC is now well appreciated. Nevertheless, contemporary multi-omics studies of RCC, encompassing genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics, not only highlight apparent diversity but also showcase and underline commonality. Here, we wish to provide an integrated perspective concerning the future 'functional' classification of renal cancer by bridging gaps among morphology, biology, multi-omics, and therapeutics. This review focuses on recent progress and elaborates the potential value of contemporary pan-omics approaches with a special emphasis on cancer genomics unveiled through next-generation sequencing technology, and how an integrated multi-omics approach might impact precision-based personalized kidney cancer care in the near future. Copyright © 2017 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- James J Hsieh
- Molecular Oncology, Department of Medicine, Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Valerie Le
- Molecular Oncology, Department of Medicine, Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Dengfeng Cao
- Department of Pathology, Washington University, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Emily H Cheng
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Chad J Creighton
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
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77
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Outcomes of synchronous and metachronous bilateral small renal masses (< 4 cm): a population-based cohort study. Int Urol Nephrol 2018; 50:657-663. [PMID: 29427144 DOI: 10.1007/s11255-018-1817-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2017] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To report longitudinal outcomes of a population-based cohort of patients diagnosed with bilateral small renal masses from a period of over 11 years. PATIENTS AND METHODS Consecutive patients diagnosed with bilateral small renal masses (synchronous or metachronous) of a defined geographical area were recorded in a large database (TUCAN database) between January 2005 and December 2016. Patients had a unique identifier number and followed during this period using an agreed upon protocol. Clinicopathological characteristics and outcomes of bilateral small renal masses on active surveillance were analysed and compared to propensity score-matched sporadic unilateral small renal masses. Data were analysed for renal mass growth rate, rate of intervention and development of metastatic disease and patient survival. RESULTS A total of 1060 patients were diagnosed with renal cancer, of which bilateral small renal masses accounted for 70 (6.6%) cases. Synchronous SRMs were observed in 63 patients, whereas metachronous lesions were found in seven patients during the study period. Metachronous lesion mean time to appearance was 62 ± 41 months (range 9-149 months). While most cases were sporadic, four were found to be hereditary. Growth rate of bilateral small renal masses did not differ from that of unilateral sporadic small renal masses. Similarly, there were no differences between the groups for rate of interventions and survival. CONCLUSIONS Progression, rate of metastases and survival for patients diagnosed with bilateral small renal masses are similar to those diagnosed with unilateral disease.
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78
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A retrospective review of 48 individuals, including 12 families, molecularly diagnosed with hereditary leiomyomatosis and renal cell cancer (HLRCC). Fam Cancer 2018; 17:615-620. [DOI: 10.1007/s10689-018-0076-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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79
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Mennitto A, Verzoni E, Grassi P, Ratta R, Fucà G, Procopio G. Multimodal treatment of advanced renal cancer in 2017. Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol 2017; 10:1395-1402. [DOI: 10.1080/17512433.2017.1386552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Mennitto
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Verzoni
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Grassi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Raffaele Ratta
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanni Fucà
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Procopio
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
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80
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Chan MMY, Barnicoat A, Mumtaz F, Aitchison M, Side L, Brittain H, Bates AWH, Gale DP. Cascade Fumarate Hydratase mutation screening allows early detection of kidney tumour: a case report. BMC MEDICAL GENETICS 2017; 18:79. [PMID: 28747166 PMCID: PMC5530463 DOI: 10.1186/s12881-017-0436-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fumarate hydratase (FH) deficiency is a rare autosomal recessive disorder which results in a major defect in cellular metabolism. It presents in infancy with progressive encephalopathy, hypotonia, seizures and failure to thrive and is often fatal in childhood. It is caused by mutations in the FH gene (1q42.1) that result in deficiency of the citric acid cycle enzyme fumarate hydratase, resulting in accumulation of fumaric acid. Heterozygous germline mutations in the FH gene predispose to an aggressive autosomal dominant inherited early-onset kidney cancer syndrome: hereditary leiomyomatosis and renal cell cancer (HLRCC). CASE PRESENTATION Cascade FH mutation screening enabled the early diagnosis of a renal tumour in an asymptomatic parent of a child with fumarate hydratase deficiency, resulting in timely and possibly life-saving treatment. CONCLUSION While the theoretical risk of kidney cancer in parents of children with recessive fumarate hydratase deficiency is well recognized, to our knowledge this is the first report of a kidney tumour being detected in a parent by screening performed for this indication. This underscores the importance of offering lifelong kidney surveillance to such parents and other heterozygous relatives of children born with fumarate hydratase deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie M Y Chan
- Centre for Nephrology, University College London, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK
| | - Angela Barnicoat
- Northeast Thames Regional Genetics Service, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, UK
| | - Faiz Mumtaz
- Department of Urology, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK
| | | | - Lucy Side
- Northeast Thames Regional Genetics Service, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, UK
| | - Helen Brittain
- Northeast Thames Regional Genetics Service, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, UK
| | - Alan W H Bates
- Department of Histopathology, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK
| | - Daniel P Gale
- Centre for Nephrology, University College London, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK.
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81
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Abstract
Most genetic disorders are clinically and genetically heterogeneous. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) has revolutionized the field and is providing rapidly growing insights into the pathomechanism of hereditary nephropathies. Current best-practice guidelines for most hereditary nephropathies include genetic diagnostics. The increasing number of genes that have to be considered in patients with hereditary nephropathies is often challenging when addressed by conventional techniques and largely benefits from NGS-based approaches that allow the parallel analysis of all disease genes in a single test at relatively low cost, e.g., by the use of multi-gene panels. Knowledge of the underlying genotype is of advantage in discussions with regard to transplantation and therapeutic options. Further, genetics may aid the early detection and treatment of renal and extrarenal complications and the reduction of invasive procedures. An accurate genetic diagnosis is crucial for genetic counselling, provides information about the recurrence risk and may help to improve the clinical management of patients and their families. The bottleneck in genetics is no longer the primary wet lab process but the interpretation of the obtained genetic data, which is by far the most challenging and work-intensive part of the analysis. This can only be managed in a multidisciplinary setting that brings together expert knowledge in genetics and the respective medical field. In the future, bench and bedside benefits can be expected from this kind of digitized medicine.
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82
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Scelo G, Purdue MP, Brown KM, Johansson M, Wang Z, Eckel-Passow JE, Ye Y, Hofmann JN, Choi J, Foll M, Gaborieau V, Machiela MJ, Colli LM, Li P, Sampson JN, Abedi-Ardekani B, Besse C, Blanche H, Boland A, Burdette L, Chabrier A, Durand G, Le Calvez-Kelm F, Prokhortchouk E, Robinot N, Skryabin KG, Wozniak MB, Yeager M, Basta-Jovanovic G, Dzamic Z, Foretova L, Holcatova I, Janout V, Mates D, Mukeriya A, Rascu S, Zaridze D, Bencko V, Cybulski C, Fabianova E, Jinga V, Lissowska J, Lubinski J, Navratilova M, Rudnai P, Szeszenia-Dabrowska N, Benhamou S, Cancel-Tassin G, Cussenot O, Baglietto L, Boeing H, Khaw KT, Weiderpass E, Ljungberg B, Sitaram RT, Bruinsma F, Jordan SJ, Severi G, Winship I, Hveem K, Vatten LJ, Fletcher T, Koppova K, Larsson SC, Wolk A, Banks RE, Selby PJ, Easton DF, Pharoah P, Andreotti G, Freeman LEB, Koutros S, Albanes D, Männistö S, Weinstein S, Clark PE, Edwards TL, Lipworth L, Gapstur SM, Stevens VL, Carol H, Freedman ML, Pomerantz MM, Cho E, Kraft P, Preston MA, Wilson KM, Michael Gaziano J, Sesso HD, Black A, Freedman ND, Huang WY, Anema JG, Kahnoski RJ, Lane BR, Noyes SL, Petillo D, Teh BT, Peters U, White E, Anderson GL, Johnson L, Luo J, Buring J, Lee IM, Chow WH, Moore LE, Wood C, Eisen T, Henrion M, Larkin J, Barman P, Leibovich BC, Choueiri TK, Mark Lathrop G, Rothman N, Deleuze JF, McKay JD, Parker AS, Wu X, Houlston RS, Brennan P, Chanock SJ. Genome-wide association study identifies multiple risk loci for renal cell carcinoma. Nat Commun 2017; 8:15724. [PMID: 28598434 PMCID: PMC5472706 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms15724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2016] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified six risk loci for renal cell carcinoma (RCC). We conducted a meta-analysis of two new scans of 5,198 cases and 7,331 controls together with four existing scans, totalling 10,784 cases and 20,406 controls of European ancestry. Twenty-four loci were tested in an additional 3,182 cases and 6,301 controls. We confirm the six known RCC risk loci and identify seven new loci at 1p32.3 (rs4381241, P=3.1 × 10-10), 3p22.1 (rs67311347, P=2.5 × 10-8), 3q26.2 (rs10936602, P=8.8 × 10-9), 8p21.3 (rs2241261, P=5.8 × 10-9), 10q24.33-q25.1 (rs11813268, P=3.9 × 10-8), 11q22.3 (rs74911261, P=2.1 × 10-10) and 14q24.2 (rs4903064, P=2.2 × 10-24). Expression quantitative trait analyses suggest plausible candidate genes at these regions that may contribute to RCC susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghislaine Scelo
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), 69008 Lyon, France
| | - Mark P. Purdue
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Kevin M. Brown
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Mattias Johansson
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), 69008 Lyon, France
| | - Zhaoming Wang
- Department of Computational Biology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105, USA
| | | | - Yuanqing Ye
- Department of Epidemiology, Division of Cancer Prevention and Population Sciences, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77230, USA
| | - Jonathan N. Hofmann
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Jiyeon Choi
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Matthieu Foll
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), 69008 Lyon, France
| | - Valerie Gaborieau
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), 69008 Lyon, France
| | - Mitchell J. Machiela
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Leandro M. Colli
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Peng Li
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), 69008 Lyon, France
| | - Joshua N. Sampson
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | | | - Celine Besse
- Centre National de Genotypage, Institut de Genomique, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, 91057 Evry, France
| | - Helene Blanche
- Fondation Jean Dausset-Centre d'Etude du Polymorphisme Humain, 75010 Paris, France
| | - Anne Boland
- Centre National de Genotypage, Institut de Genomique, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, 91057 Evry, France
| | - Laurie Burdette
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Amelie Chabrier
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), 69008 Lyon, France
| | - Geoffroy Durand
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), 69008 Lyon, France
| | | | - Egor Prokhortchouk
- Center ‘Bioengineering' of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 117312, Russia
- Kurchatov Scientific Center, Moscow 123182, Russia
| | | | - Konstantin G. Skryabin
- Center ‘Bioengineering' of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 117312, Russia
- Kurchatov Scientific Center, Moscow 123182, Russia
| | | | - Meredith Yeager
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | | | - Zoran Dzamic
- Clinical Center of Serbia (KCS), Clinic of Urology, University of Belgrade-Faculty of Medicine, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Lenka Foretova
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, 656 53 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ivana Holcatova
- 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Charles University, 150 06 Prague 5, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimir Janout
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Palacky University, 775 15 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Dana Mates
- National Institute of Public Health, 050463 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Anush Mukeriya
- Russian N.N. Blokhin Cancer Research Centre, Moscow 115478, Russian Federation
| | - Stefan Rascu
- Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Th. Burghele Hospital, 050659 Bucharest, Romania
| | - David Zaridze
- Russian N.N. Blokhin Cancer Research Centre, Moscow 115478, Russian Federation
| | - Vladimir Bencko
- First Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Charles University, 128 00 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Cezary Cybulski
- International Hereditary Cancer Center, Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-204 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Eleonora Fabianova
- Regional Authority of Public Health in Banska Bystrica, 975 56 Banska Bystrica, Slovakia
| | - Viorel Jinga
- Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Th. Burghele Hospital, 050659 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Jolanta Lissowska
- The M Sklodowska-Curie Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, 02-034 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jan Lubinski
- International Hereditary Cancer Center, Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-204 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Marie Navratilova
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, 656 53 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Peter Rudnai
- National Public Health Center, National Directorate of Environmental Health, 1097 Budapest, Hungary
| | | | - Simone Benhamou
- Université Paris Diderot, INSERM, Unité Variabilité Génétique et Maladies Humaines, 75010 Paris, France
| | | | - Olivier Cussenot
- CeRePP, Tenon Hospital, 75020 Paris, France
- UPMC Univ Paris 06 GRC n°5, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Laura Baglietto
- Centre de Recherche en Épidémiologie et Santé des Populations (CESP, Inserm U1018), Université Paris-Saclay, UPS, UVSQ, Gustave Roussy, 94805 Villejuif, France
| | - Heiner Boeing
- Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition (DIfE) Potsdam-Rehbrücke, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Kay-Tee Khaw
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Elisabete Weiderpass
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø, The Arctic University of Norway, 9037 Tromsø, Norway
- Department of Research, Cancer Registry of Norway, Institute of Population-Based Cancer Research, 0304 Oslo, Norway
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
- Genetic Epidemiology Group, Folkhälsan Research Center, 00250 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Borje Ljungberg
- Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Urology and Andrology, Umeå University, 901 85 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Raviprakash T. Sitaram
- Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Urology and Andrology, Umeå University, 901 85 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Fiona Bruinsma
- Cancer Epidemiology Centre, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia
| | - Susan J. Jordan
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Queensland 4006, Australia
- School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Gianluca Severi
- Centre de Recherche en Épidémiologie et Santé des Populations (CESP, Inserm U1018), Université Paris-Saclay, UPS, UVSQ, Gustave Roussy, 94805 Villejuif, France
- Cancer Epidemiology Centre, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Carlton, Victoria 3053, Australia
- Human Genetics Foundation (HuGeF), 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Ingrid Winship
- Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
- Genetic Medicine and Family Cancer Clinic, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria 3050, Australia
| | - Kristian Hveem
- HUNT Research Centre, Department of Public Health and General Practice, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger 7600, Norway
| | - Lars J. Vatten
- Department of Public Health and General Practice, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim 7491, Norway
| | - Tony Fletcher
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, University of London, London WC1H 9SH, UK
| | - Kvetoslava Koppova
- Regional Authority of Public Health in Banska Bystrica, 975 56 Banska Bystrica, Slovakia
| | - Susanna C. Larsson
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Alicja Wolk
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Rosamonde E. Banks
- Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology, University of Leeds, Cancer Research Building, St James's University Hospital, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK
| | - Peter J. Selby
- Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology, University of Leeds, Cancer Research Building, St James's University Hospital, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK
| | - Douglas F. Easton
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
- Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK
| | - Paul Pharoah
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
- Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK
| | - Gabriella Andreotti
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Laura E. Beane Freeman
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Stella Koutros
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Demetrius Albanes
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Satu Männistö
- Department of Health, National Institute for Health and Welfare, 00271 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Stephanie Weinstein
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Peter E. Clark
- Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Department of Urology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, USA
| | - Todd L. Edwards
- Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Institute for Medicine and Public Health, Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37209, USA
| | - Loren Lipworth
- Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Institute for Medicine and Public Health, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37203, USA
| | | | | | - Hallie Carol
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | | | | | - Eunyoung Cho
- Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02903, USA
| | - Peter Kraft
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Mark A. Preston
- Brigham and Women's Hospital and VA Boston, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Kathryn M. Wilson
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - J. Michael Gaziano
- Brigham and Women's Hospital and VA Boston, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Howard D. Sesso
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
- Brigham and Women's Hospital and VA Boston, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Amanda Black
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Neal D. Freedman
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Wen-Yi Huang
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - John G. Anema
- Division of Urology, Spectrum Health, Grand Rapids, Michigan 49503, USA
| | | | - Brian R. Lane
- Division of Urology, Spectrum Health, Grand Rapids, Michigan 49503, USA
- College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, Michigan 49503, USA
| | - Sabrina L. Noyes
- Van Andel Research Institute, Center for Cancer Genomics and Quantitative Biology, Grand Rapids, Michigan 49503, USA
| | - David Petillo
- Van Andel Research Institute, Center for Cancer Genomics and Quantitative Biology, Grand Rapids, Michigan 49503, USA
| | - Bin Tean Teh
- Van Andel Research Institute, Center for Cancer Genomics and Quantitative Biology, Grand Rapids, Michigan 49503, USA
| | - Ulrike Peters
- Cancer Prevention Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington 98109, USA
| | - Emily White
- Cancer Prevention Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington 98109, USA
| | - Garnet L. Anderson
- Cancer Prevention Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington 98109, USA
| | - Lisa Johnson
- Cancer Prevention Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington 98109, USA
| | - Juhua Luo
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health Indiana University Bloomington, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
| | - Julie Buring
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
- Brigham and Women's Hospital and VA Boston, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - I-Min Lee
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
- Brigham and Women's Hospital and VA Boston, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Wong-Ho Chow
- Department of Epidemiology, Division of Cancer Prevention and Population Sciences, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77230, USA
| | - Lee E. Moore
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Christopher Wood
- Department of Urology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Timothy Eisen
- Department of Oncology, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Marc Henrion
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, USA
| | - James Larkin
- Medical Oncology, Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London SW3 6JJ, UK
| | - Poulami Barman
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA
| | - Bradley C. Leibovich
- Department of Urology, Mayo Medical School and Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55902, USA
| | | | - G. Mark Lathrop
- McGill University and Genome Quebec Innovation Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3A 0G1
| | - Nathaniel Rothman
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Jean-Francois Deleuze
- Centre National de Genotypage, Institut de Genomique, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, 91057 Evry, France
- Fondation Jean Dausset-Centre d'Etude du Polymorphisme Humain, 75010 Paris, France
| | - James D. McKay
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), 69008 Lyon, France
| | - Alexander S. Parker
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida 32224, USA
| | - Xifeng Wu
- Department of Epidemiology, Division of Cancer Prevention and Population Sciences, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77230, USA
| | - Richard S. Houlston
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SW7 3RP, UK
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SW7 3RP, UK
| | - Paul Brennan
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), 69008 Lyon, France
| | - Stephen J. Chanock
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
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83
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Hereditary leiomyomatosis and renal cell cancer syndrome: An update and review. J Am Acad Dermatol 2017; 77:149-158. [PMID: 28314682 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2017.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2016] [Revised: 01/07/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Hereditary leiomyomatosis and renal cell cancer (HLRCC) syndrome is a rare genetic disorder that predisposes individuals to multiple cutaneous leiomyomas, renal cell carcinomas, and in women, uterine leiomyomas. Also known as Reed syndrome, it is caused by a germline heterozygous mutation of the fumarate hydratase tumor suppressor gene. HLRCC is associated with significant morbidity because of pain from cutaneous and uterine leiomyomas, the cutaneous pain often of unique character. Although genetic testing is currently considered the criterion standard to diagnose HLRCC, newer immunohistochemistry markers may provide rapid and cost effective alternatives to genetic testing. Because of the potentially aggressive nature of renal cell carcinomas that develop as early as in childhood, close annual cancer surveillance is desirable in individuals with HLRCC. In this review, we offer an update and an approach to the diagnosis, management, and renal cancer surveillance in HLRCC.
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84
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Hsieh JJ, Purdue MP, Signoretti S, Swanton C, Albiges L, Schmidinger M, Heng DY, Larkin J, Ficarra V. Renal cell carcinoma. Nat Rev Dis Primers 2017; 3:17009. [PMID: 28276433 PMCID: PMC5936048 DOI: 10.1038/nrdp.2017.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1590] [Impact Index Per Article: 227.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) denotes cancer originated from the renal epithelium and accounts for >90% of cancers in the kidney. The disease encompasses >10 histological and molecular subtypes, of which clear cell RCC (ccRCC) is most common and accounts for most cancer-related deaths. Although somatic VHL mutations have been described for some time, more-recent cancer genomic studies have identified mutations in epigenetic regulatory genes and demonstrated marked intra-tumour heterogeneity, which could have prognostic, predictive and therapeutic relevance. Localized RCC can be successfully managed with surgery, whereas metastatic RCC is refractory to conventional chemotherapy. However, over the past decade, marked advances in the treatment of metastatic RCC have been made, with targeted agents including sorafenib, sunitinib, bevacizumab, pazopanib and axitinib, which inhibit vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and its receptor (VEGFR), and everolimus and temsirolimus, which inhibit mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1), being approved. Since 2015, agents with additional targets aside from VEGFR have been approved, such as cabozantinib and lenvatinib; immunotherapies, such as nivolumab, have also been added to the armamentarium for metastatic RCC. Here, we provide an overview of the biology of RCC, with a focus on ccRCC, as well as updates to complement the current clinical guidelines and an outline of potential future directions for RCC research and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- James J. Hsieh
- Molecular Oncology, Department of Medicine, Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Avenue, Campus Box 8069, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Mark P. Purdue
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Sabina Signoretti
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Charles Swanton
- Francis Crick Institute, UCL Cancer Institute, CRUK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, London, UK
| | - Laurence Albiges
- Department of Cancer Medicine, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Manuela Schmidinger
- Department of Medicine I, Clinical Division of Oncology and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Daniel Y. Heng
- Department of Medical Oncolgy, Tom Baker Cancer Center, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - James Larkin
- Department of Medical Oncology, Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Vincenzo Ficarra
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medical Sciences - Urologic Clinic, University of Udine, Italy
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85
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Chromothripsis in Two Patients With Renal Cell Carcinoma: A Case Series. Clin Genitourin Cancer 2017; 15:e137-e143. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clgc.2016.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 06/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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86
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Epidemiology of Renal Cell Carcinoma and Its Predisposing Risk Factors. Urol Oncol 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-42603-7_55-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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87
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Costa WHD, Jabboure G, Cunha IWD. Urological cancer related to familial syndromes. Int Braz J Urol 2016; 43:192-201. [PMID: 27819754 PMCID: PMC5433356 DOI: 10.1590/s1677-5538.ibju.2016.0125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2016] [Accepted: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer related to hereditary syndromes corresponds to approximately 5-10% of all tumors. Among those from the genitourinary system, many tumors had been identified to be related to genetic syndromes in the last years with the advent of new molecular genetic tests. New entities were described or better characterized, especially in kidney cancer such as hereditary leiomyomatosis renal cell carcinoma (HLRCC), succinate dehydrogenase kidney cancer (SDH-RCC), and more recently BAP1 germline mutation related RCC. Among tumors from the bladder or renal pelvis, some studies had reinforced the role of germline mutations in mismatch repair (MMR) genes, especially in young patients. In prostate adenocarcinoma, besides mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes that are known to increase the incidence of high-risk cancer in young patients, new studies have shown mutation in other gene such as HOXB13 and also polymorphisms in MYC, MSMB, KLK2 and KLK3 that can be related to hereditary prostate cancer. Finally, tumors from testis that showed an increased in 8 - 10-fold in siblings and 4 - 6-fold in sons of germ cell tumors (TGCT) patients, have been related to alteration in X chromosome. Also genome wide association studies GWAS pointed new genes that can also be related to increase of this susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - George Jabboure
- Department of Pathology, Department of Urology and Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University - Baltimore, Maryland, United States
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88
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Riazalhosseini Y, Lathrop M. Precision medicine from the renal cancer genome. Nat Rev Nephrol 2016; 12:655-666. [DOI: 10.1038/nrneph.2016.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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89
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Greef B, Eisen T. Medical treatment of renal cancer: new horizons. Br J Cancer 2016; 115:505-16. [PMID: 27490806 PMCID: PMC4997553 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2016.230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2016] [Revised: 06/06/2016] [Accepted: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) makes up 2-3% of adult cancers. The introduction of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) and mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitors in the mid-2000s radically changed the management of RCC. These targeted treatments superseded immunotherapy with interleukin-2 and interferon. The pendulum now appears to be shifting back towards immunotherapy, with the evidence of prolonged overall survival of patients with metastatic RCC on treatment with the anti-programmed cell death 1 ligand monoclonal antibody, nivolumab. Clinical prognostic criteria aid prediction of relapse risk for resected localised disease. Unfortunately, for patients at high risk of relapse, no adjuvant treatment has yet shown benefit, although further trials are yet to report. Clinical prognostic models also have a role in the management of advanced disease; now there is a pressing need for predictive biomarkers to direct therapy. Treatment selection for metastatic disease is currently based on histology, prognostic group and patient preference based on side effect profile. In this article, we review the current medical and surgical management of localised, oligometastatic and advanced RCC, including side effect management and the evidence base for management of poor-risk and non-clear cell disease. We discuss recent results from clinical trials and how these are likely to shape future practice and a renaissance of immunotherapy for renal cell cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basma Greef
- Department of Oncology, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Box 193, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Tim Eisen
- Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
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90
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Scelo G, Hofmann JN, Banks RE, Bigot P, Bhatt RS, Cancel-Tassin G, Chew SK, Creighton CJ, Cussenot O, Davis IJ, Escudier B, Frayling TM, Häggström C, Hildebrandt MAT, Holcatova I, Johansson M, Linehan WM, McDermott DF, Nathanson KL, Ogawa S, Perlman EJ, Purdue MP, Stattin P, Swanton C, Vasudev NS, Wu X, Znaor A, Brennan P, Chanock SJ. International cancer seminars: a focus on kidney cancer. Ann Oncol 2016; 27:1382-5. [PMID: 27130845 PMCID: PMC4959923 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdw186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2016] [Accepted: 04/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent years have seen important advances in our understanding of the etiology, biology and genetics of kidney cancer. To summarize important achievements and identify prominent research questions that remain, a workshop was organized by IARC and the US NCI. A series of 'difficult questions' were formulated, which should be given future priority in the areas of population, genomic and clinical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Scelo
- Section of Genetics, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - J N Hofmann
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Department of Health and Human Service, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, USA
| | - R E Banks
- Clinical and Biomedical Proteomics Group, Cancer Research UK Centre, Leeds Institute for Cancer Studies and Pathology, St James' University Hospital, Leeds, UK
| | - P Bigot
- Department of Urology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire d'Angers, Angers, France
| | - R S Bhatt
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Kidney Cancer Program, Dana-Farber/Harvard Cancer Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - G Cancel-Tassin
- Groupe de Recherche GRC-UPMC n°5, Centre de Recherche sur les Pathologies Prostatiques et Urologiques (CeRePP), Paris, France
| | - S K Chew
- Translational Cancer Therapeutics Laboratory, UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - C J Creighton
- Duncan Cancer Center-Biostatistics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston
| | - O Cussenot
- Groupe de Recherche GRC-UPMC n°5, Centre de Recherche sur les Pathologies Prostatiques et Urologiques (CeRePP), Paris, France
| | - I J Davis
- Department of Genetics, UNC School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, USA
| | - B Escudier
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | | | - C Häggström
- Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Urology and Andrology, Umeå University, Umeå Department of Biobank Research, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - M A T Hildebrandt
- Department of Epidemiology, Division of OVP, Cancer Prevention and Population Sciences, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA
| | - I Holcatova
- Institute of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Charles University, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - M Johansson
- Section of Genetics, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - W M Linehan
- Urologic Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda
| | - D F McDermott
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Kidney Cancer Program, Dana-Farber/Harvard Cancer Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - K L Nathanson
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
| | - S Ogawa
- Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - E J Perlman
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chicago, USA
| | - M P Purdue
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Department of Health and Human Service, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, USA
| | - P Stattin
- Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Urology and Andrology, Umeå University, Umeå
| | - C Swanton
- University College London Hospitals and Cancer Institute, London, UK
| | - N S Vasudev
- Clinical and Biomedical Proteomics Group, Cancer Research UK Centre, Leeds Institute for Cancer Studies and Pathology, St James' University Hospital, Leeds, UK
| | - X Wu
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA
| | - A Znaor
- Section of Genetics, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - P Brennan
- Section of Genetics, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - S J Chanock
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Department of Health and Human Service, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, USA
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91
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Gonzalez RS, Riddle ND. Syndrome-Associated Tumors by Organ System. J Pediatr Genet 2016; 5:105-15. [PMID: 27617151 PMCID: PMC4918701 DOI: 10.1055/s-0036-1580597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2015] [Accepted: 08/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Certain tumors suggest the possibility of a patient harboring a genetic syndrome, particularly in children. Syndrome-associated tumors of the gastrointestinal tract, genitourinary tract, gynecologic tract, heart, lungs, brain, eye, endocrine organs, and hematopoietic system will be briefly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raul S. Gonzalez
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, United States
| | - Nicole D. Riddle
- Department of Pathology, Cunningham Pathology LLC, Birmingham, Alabama, United States
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92
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[Hereditary leiomyomatosis and renal cell cancer]. Semergen 2016; 43:257-258. [PMID: 27084461 DOI: 10.1016/j.semerg.2016.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Abolhasani M, Salarinejad S, Asgari M. P53 and MDM2 Over-expression and Five-year Survival of Kidney Cancer Patients Undergoing Radical Nephrectomy--Iranian Experience. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2016; 16:5043-7. [PMID: 26163638 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2015.16.12.5043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Relatively little is known with certainty about the status and role of p53 or MDM2 in predicting prognosis and survival of renal cell carcinoma. The present study aimed to determine the value of P53 and MDM2 over-expression, alone and simultaneously, to predict five-year survival of patients with kidney cancer in Iran. MATERIALS AND METHODS Patients with kidney cancer referred to Hasheminejad Kidney Center between 2007 and 2009, underwent radical nephrectomy and had pathology reports of clear cell, papillary or chromophobe renal cell carcinoma were included in our cohort study. Other histological types of renal cell carcinoma were not included. The patients with missed, incomplete or poor quality paraffin blocks were also excluded. Overall ninety one patients met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. To assess the histopathological features of the tumor, immunohistochemical (IHC) staining of formalin fixed, paraffin-embedded tumor samples were performed. The five-year survival was determined by the patients' medical files and telephone following-up. RESULTS In total, 1.1% of all samples were revealed to be positive for P53. Also, 20.8% of all samples were revealed to be positive for MDM2.The patients were all followed for 5 years. In this regard, 5-year mortality was 30.5% and thus 5-year survival was 85.3%. According to the Cox proportional hazard analysis, positive P53 marker was only predictor for patients' 5-year survival that the presence of positive p53 increased the risk for long-term mortality up to 2.8 times (HR=2.798, 95%CI: 1.176-6.660, P=0.020). However, the presence of MDM2 could not predict long-term mortality. In this regard, analysis by the ROC curve showed a limited role for predicting long-term survival by confirming P53 positivity (AUC=0.610, 95%CI: 0.471-.750, P=0.106). The best cutoff point for P53 to predict mortality was 0.5 yielding a low sensitivity (32.0%) but a high specificity (97.9%). In similar analysis, measurement of MDM2 positivity could not predict mortality (AUC=0.449, 95%CI: 0.316-.583, P=0.455). CONCLUSIONS The simultaneous presence of both P53 and MDM2 markers in our population is a rare phenomenon and the presence of these markers may not predict long-term survival in patients who undergoing radical nephrectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Abolhasani
- Oncopathology Research Center, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran E-mail :
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Abstract
Renal cell carcinomas associated with syndromes of a heritable nature account for about 4% of all renal cell carcinomas. They are characterized by an earlier age of onset, and are often multicentric and bilateral. Some of these patients may fit into well-characterized kidney cancer syndromes, while many more may have a genetic component that is not fully recognized or understood. The presence of extrarenal clinical features may suggest a specific renal tumor susceptibility syndrome. Moreover, each syndrome is associated with specific renal pathology findings. Recognition of individuals and families with a high risk of renal neoplasia is important so that surveillance for renal tumors may be initiated. This manuscript reviews the clinical, pathological, and molecular features of hereditary renal cell carcinoma syndromes with emphasis on the morphologic features of these tumors and the molecular mechanisms of hereditary renal tumorigenesis.
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95
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Ge L, Lowe P. Not just a cosmetic problem: facial papules in Birt-Hogg-Dubé syndrome. Med J Aust 2016; 204:28-9. [PMID: 26763815 DOI: 10.5694/mja15.00629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2015] [Accepted: 10/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ludi Ge
- Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW
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96
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Young EE, Brown CT, Merguerian PA, Akhavan A. Pediatric and adolescent renal cell carcinoma. Urol Oncol 2016; 34:42-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2015.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2015] [Revised: 06/16/2015] [Accepted: 06/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Petejova N, Martinek A. Renal cell carcinoma: Review of etiology, pathophysiology and risk factors. Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub 2015; 160:183-94. [PMID: 26558360 DOI: 10.5507/bp.2015.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2015] [Accepted: 09/18/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The global incidence of renal cell cancer is increasing annually and the causes are multifactorial. Early diagnosis and successful urological procedures with partial or total nephrectomy can be life-saving. However, only up to 10% of RCC patients present with characteristic clinical symptoms. Over 60% are detected incidentally in routine ultrasound examination. The question of screening and preventive measures greatly depends on the cause of the tumor development. For the latter reason, this review focuses on etiology, pathophysiology and risk factors for renal neoplasm. METHODS A literature search using the databases Medscape, Pubmed, UpToDate and EBSCO from 1945 to 2015. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS Genetic predisposition/hereditary disorders, obesity, smoking, various nephrotoxic industrial chemicals, drugs and natural/manmade radioactivity all contribute and enviromental risks are a serious concern in terms of prevention and the need to screen populations at risk. Apropos treatment, current oncological research is directed to blocking cancer cell division and inhibiting angiogenesis based on a knowledge of molecular pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadezda Petejova
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Ostrava, Czech Republic.,Department of Clinical Studies, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Arnost Martinek
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Ostrava, Czech Republic.,Department of Clinical Studies, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ostrava, Czech Republic
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99
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Ciccarese C, Massari F, Santoni M, Heng DY, Sotte V, Brunelli M, Conti A, Cheng L, Lopez-Beltran A, Scarpelli M, Cascinu S, Tortora G, Montironi R. New molecular targets in non clear renal cell carcinoma: An overview of ongoing clinical trials. Cancer Treat Rev 2015; 41:614-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2015.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2015] [Revised: 05/07/2015] [Accepted: 05/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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100
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Abstract
The MET receptor tyrosine kinase and its ligand hepatocyte growth factor/scatter factor (HGF/SF) are potential therapeutic targets in many human malignancies, making this pathway an important focus of molecular and cancer research. MET mutations have been detected in various tumours. In addition, many tumour types demonstrate MET and HGF/SF overexpression and amplification. The MET signal transduction cascade is complex, and manifests in a broad spectrum of mitogenic and morphogenic functions, affecting cell proliferation, migration, differentiation, morphology and survival. Cancer cells commandeer the physiological functions of this signalling axis to facilitate invasion and metastasis. Significant progress has been made in the development of agents that inhibit MET-HGF/SF signalling. In this article, we outline the key features of the MET gene, its protein product and the ligand HGF/SF, to provide an overview of this important signalling pathway and offer a summary of the relevant pathological and clinical directions of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garret Skead
- Division of Anatomical Pathology, University of Cape Town and National Health Laboratory Service, Groote Schuur hospital, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Dhirendra Govender
- Division of Anatomical Pathology, University of Cape Town and National Health Laboratory Service, Groote Schuur hospital, Cape Town, South Africa
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