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Mortezaee K. Human hepatocellular carcinoma: Protection by melatonin. J Cell Physiol 2018; 233:6486-6508. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Keywan Mortezaee
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences Sanandaj Iran
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Lu Y, Fang J, Zou L, Cui L, Liang X, Lim SG, Dan YY, Ong CN. Omega-6-derived oxylipin changes in serum of patients with hepatitis B virus-related liver diseases. Metabolomics 2018; 14:26. [PMID: 30830341 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-018-1326-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is the main etiologic risk factor for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Early studies indicated that the increase of omega-6-derived oxylipins may be involved in the pathogenesis of HBV-related HCC, yet their changes during the distinct clinical phases of chronic HBV infection remain unclear. To fill this gap, in this study we investigated the omega-6-derived oxylipin profiles in patients with three major clinical stages of chronic HBV infection (chronic hepatitis B, liver cirrhosis, and HCC). METHODS Eighteen omega-6-derived oxylipins were quantified in serum samples of 34 patients with chronic hepatitis B, 46 patients with HBV-related liver cirrhosis, 38 patients with HBV-related HCC, and 50 healthy controls using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. RESULTS Seven oxylipins were found to be altered in patients with HBV-related liver diseases, including 9,10-dihydroxyoctadecenoic acid (9,10-DiHOME), 12,13-DiHOME, 14,15-dihydroxyeicosatrienoic acid (14,15-DiHETrE), 13-hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid (13-HODE), 12-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (12-HETE), 11-HETE, and thromboxane B2 (TXB2). Of these, three oxylipins derived from the cytochrome P450 (CYP450) pathways including 9,10-DiHOME, 12,13-DiHOME, and 14,15-DiHETrE were found to be associated with the levels of α-fetoprotein (AFP), a tumor marker. In combination with AFP, age, and gender, a combination of these seven differential oxylipins could significantly enhance the prediction of HBV-related liver diseases, particularly for liver cirrhosis (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION This study for the first time shows the correlations between CYP450-derived oxylipins and the progression of chronic HBV infection, and sheds a new light on the surveillance of HBV-related live diseases using oxylipins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonghai Lu
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Tahir Foundation Building, Level 11, 12 Science Drive 2, Singapore, 117549, Singapore.
- Institute of Nutrition and Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China.
| | - Jinling Fang
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Tahir Foundation Building, Level 11, 12 Science Drive 2, Singapore, 117549, Singapore
| | - Li Zou
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Tahir Foundation Building, Level 11, 12 Science Drive 2, Singapore, 117549, Singapore
| | - Liang Cui
- Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research & Technology (SMART), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Xu Liang
- NUS Environment Research Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Seng Gee Lim
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, NUHS Tower Block, Level 11, 1E Kent Ridge Road, Singapore, 119228, Singapore
| | - Yock-Young Dan
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, NUHS Tower Block, Level 11, 1E Kent Ridge Road, Singapore, 119228, Singapore.
| | - Choon Nam Ong
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Tahir Foundation Building, Level 11, 12 Science Drive 2, Singapore, 117549, Singapore
- NUS Environment Research Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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Computational Inferring of Risk Subpathways Mediated by Dysfunctional Non-coding RNAs. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1094:87-95. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-0719-5_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Tao Y, Li Y, Liu X, Deng Q, Yu Y, Yang Z. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, especially aspirin, are linked to lower risk and better survival of hepatocellular carcinoma: a meta-analysis. Cancer Manag Res 2018; 10:2695-2709. [PMID: 30147368 PMCID: PMC6101020 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s167560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The roles of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in the occurrence and prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remain controversial. This analysis aimed to summarize the relationships between NSAIDs and HCC development. METHODS Studies published prior to October 1, 2017, in the PubMed, Embase, Ovid, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library databases were systematically searched and analyzed. RESULTS Eleven studies were included in this analysis. A meta-analysis of five studies revealed that aspirin use could significantly decrease the risk of HCC occurrence (hazards ratio [HR] = 0.64, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.45-0.91, P = 0.014). No significant difference was found for the use of NSAIDs (six studies) and non-aspirin NSAIDs (three studies) in HCC occurrence (HR = 0.74, 95%CI = 0.53-1.02, P = 0.064 and HR = 0.98, 95%CI = 0.87-1.12, P = 0.81, respectively). However, subgroup analysis of cohort studies demonstrated that NSAIDs significantly decreased the risk of HCC occurrence (HR = 0.58, 95%CI = 0.43-0.78, P < 0.001). HCC patients who received NSAIDs achieved better disease-free survival and overall survival compared with the non-NSAID users (HR = 0.79, 95%CI = 0.74-0.84, P<0.001 and HR = 0.60, 95%CI = 0.50-0.72, P<0.001, respectively). Additionally, a meta-analysis of two studies showed that aspirin treatment in HCC patients could significantly decrease the 2-year and 4-year mortalities (rate ratio [RR] = 0.50, 95%CI = 0.36-0.69, P < 0.001 and RR = 0.67, 95%CI = 0.45-0.998, P = 0.049, respectively). A meta-analysis of two studies showed that aspirin use was not associated with a higher risk of bleeding in HCC patients (HR = 0.71, 95%CI = 0.41-1.23, P = 0.223). CONCLUSION The use of NSAIDs, especially aspirin, is linked to a lower risk of HCC development and better survival in HCC populations. High-quality, well-designed trials should be conducted to reevaluate the relationships between NSAIDs and HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuquan Tao
- Department of Central Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200071, China, ,
| | - Yesheng Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China
| | - Xing Liu
- Department of Central Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200071, China, ,
| | - Qing Deng
- Department of Central Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200071, China, ,
| | - Yongchun Yu
- Department of Central Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200071, China, ,
| | - Zongguo Yang
- Department of Central Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200071, China, ,
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China,
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55
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Li N, Wang Q, Zhu T, Qiao L, Zhang F, Mi R, Wang B, Chen L, Gu J, Lu Y, Zheng Q. In vitro functional characterization of prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 during chondrocyte hypertrophic differentiation. Oncotarget 2017; 7:36280-36292. [PMID: 27121205 PMCID: PMC5095000 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 04/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyclooxygenase 2 (Cox-2) has been implicated an essential role during bone repair, but the mechanisms remain elusive. Bone repair healing is known to include processes similar to endochondral ossification. In this study, we investigated the in vitro effect of Cox-2 on Col10a1 expression and chondrocyte hypertrophy, two critical components of endochondral ossification. Using quantitative RT-PCR, we detected increased mRNA levels of Cox-2 and Col10a1 in hypertrophic MCT cells, while cells treated with Cox-2 inhibitor, NS398, showed decreased mRNA and protein levels of Cox-2 and Col10a1. Increased Cox-2 also correlated with significantly upregulated Col10a1 in hypertrophic ATDC5 cells, whereas inhibition of Cox-2 significantly decreased Col10a1 expression. We further generated a Cox-2-expressing ATDC5 stable cell line. Compared with the controls, Cox-2 over-expression significantly increased Col10a1 as early as day 7 of continuous culturing, but not at days 14 and 21. Enhanced Alp staining was also observed in day 7 stable cell line. Correspondingly, we detected significantly increased levels of Runx2, Alp, Bcl-2, Bax, Col1a1, Osterix, and Bsp in day 7 stable line. Most of these genes have been associated with chondrocyte maturation and apoptosis. Together, our results support that Cox-2 promotes Col10a1 expression and chondrocyte hypertrophy in vitro, possibly through upregulation of Runx2 and other relevant transcription factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Li
- Department of Hematological Laboratory Science, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Hematological Laboratory Science, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Ting Zhu
- Department of Hematological Laboratory Science, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Longwei Qiao
- Center for Reproduction and Genetics, Suzhou Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215002, China
| | - Fei Zhang
- Department of Hematological Laboratory Science, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Rui Mi
- Department of Hematological Laboratory Science, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Bo Wang
- Department of Hematological Laboratory Science, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Lin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Center of Bone Metabolism and Repair, Trauma Center, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Junxia Gu
- Department of Hematological Laboratory Science, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Yaojuan Lu
- Department of Hematological Laboratory Science, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Qiping Zheng
- Department of Hematological Laboratory Science, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
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56
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Ali MM, H Borai I, Ghanem HM, H Abdel-Halim A, Mousa FM. The prophylactic and therapeutic effects of Momordica charantia methanol extract through controlling different hallmarks of the hepatocarcinogenesis. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 98:491-498. [PMID: 29287196 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.12.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Revised: 12/17/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Inspite of the wide facilities for controlling cancer growth, there are little drugs to inhibit its metastasis or prevent its angiogenesis. Discovering such natural or synthetic multi-targeted agent that might strike different targets is considered as a vital goal for tumor controlling. In a previous study, the chemoprotective effect of methanol extract of Momordicacharantia (MEMC) on albino western rats bearing hepatocarcinogenesis was evaluated. The mechanism by which MEMC exert its anticancer properties was unknown. Therefore, we aimed in this study to investigate the possible role of MEMC as anti-proliferative, anti-angiogenic and anti-metastatic agent to exert its chemoprotective effect. The study was conducted on sixty albino western rats divided into six groups, 10 rats each. Diethylnitrosamine (DENA) was injected intraperitoneally (i.p.) at a dose of 200 mg/kg body weight once, 2 weeks later rats were received carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) subcutaneously (3 ml/kg/week) continued for 10 weeks. MEMC was orally produced to rats (40 mg/kg) alone, as well as before, at the same time and after DENA injection. Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), caspase-3,-8 (Casp-3,-8), histone deacetylase (HDAC) and matrixmetalloproteinases-2,-9 (MMP-2,-9) were evaluated. MEMC treatment significantly decreased Cox-2, VEGF, HDAC and MMP-2,-9 and increased Casp-3,-8 as compared to DENAgroup,which demonstrated that the anticancer effect of MEMC may be through the inhibition of angiogenesis, proliferation and metastasis and the activation of apoptosis. The improvement in before-treated group was more pronounced than that in after- and simultaneous-treated groups, indicating thatMEMC may act as a prophylactic agent more than being a therapeutic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mamdouh M Ali
- Biochemistry Department, Division of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Research Centre, Dokki, 12622, Giza, Egypt.
| | - Ibrahim H Borai
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hala M Ghanem
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Abeer H Abdel-Halim
- Biochemistry Department, Division of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Research Centre, Dokki, 12622, Giza, Egypt
| | - Fatma M Mousa
- Biochemistry Department, Division of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Research Centre, Dokki, 12622, Giza, Egypt
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57
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Cao Y, Zhao M, Zhu Y, Zhu ZH, Oberer L, Duan JA. Diselaginellin B, an Unusual Dimeric Molecule from Selaginella pulvinata, Inhibited Metastasis and Induced Apoptosis of SMMC-7721 Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2017; 80:3151-3158. [PMID: 29144743 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.7b00404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Two new unusual dimeric selaginellins, diselaginellins A and B (1 and 2), along with two known derivatives, selaginellin (3) and selaginellin B (4), were isolated from Selaginella pulvinata. Their structures were elucidated by extensive NMR and high-resolution ESIMS data analysis. Compound 2 displayed apoptosis-inducing and antimetastatic activities against the human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line SMMC-7721. A microarray analysis revealed that genes related to metabolism, angiogenesis, and metastasis were altered by 2. The up- and down-regulation of the mRNA levels of related genes was confirmed by RT-qPCR. Metabolism modulation and metastasis inhibition might be the mechanisms of the antitumor properties of diselaginellin B (2).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Cao
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine , Nanjing 210036, People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, and National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine , Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, Irvine , Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Ming Zhao
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, and National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine , Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Zhu
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, and National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine , Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen-Hua Zhu
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, and National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine , Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Lukas Oberer
- Novartis Institute of Biomedical Research (NIBR) , 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jin-Ao Duan
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, and National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine , Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China
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Cai F, Chen M, Zha D, Zhang P, Zhang X, Cao N, Wang J, He Y, Fan X, Zhang W, Fu Z, Lai Y, Hua ZC, Zhuang H. Curcumol potentiates celecoxib-induced growth inhibition and apoptosis in human non-small cell lung cancer. Oncotarget 2017; 8:115526-115545. [PMID: 29383179 PMCID: PMC5777791 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.23308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Combinatorial therapies that target multiple signaling pathways may provide improved therapeutic responses over monotherapies. Celecoxib and curcumol are two highly hydrophobic drugs which show bioavailability problems due to their poor aqueous solubility. In the present study, we evaluated the effects of celecoxib and curcumol alone and in combination on cell proliferation, invasion, migration, cell cycle and apoptosis induction in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells using in vitro and in vivo experiments. Our data showed that the sensitivity of a combined therapy using low concentration of celecoxib and curcumol was higher than that of celecoxib or curcumol alone. Suppression of NF-κB transcriptional activity, activation of caspase-9/caspase-3, cell cycle G1 arrest, and inhibition of survival MAPK and PI3K/AKT signaling pathway contributed to the synergistic effects of this combination therapy for induction of apoptosis. Additionally, either celecoxib alone or in combination with curcumol inhibited NSCLC cell migration and invasion by suppressing FAK and matrix metalloproteinase-9 activities. Furthermore, the combined treatment reduced tumor volume and weight in xenograft mouse model, and significantly decreased tumor metastasis nodules in lung tissues by tail vein injection. Our results confirm and provide mechanistic insights into the prominent anti-proliferative activities of celecoxib and/or curcumol on NSCLC cells, which provide a rationale for further detailed preclinical and potentially clinical studies of this combination for the therapy of lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangfang Cai
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Minghui Chen
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Daolong Zha
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Xiangyu Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Nini Cao
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jishuang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Yan He
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Xinxin Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Wenjing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Zhongping Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Yueyang Lai
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.,Nanjing Industrial Innovation Center for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing, China
| | - Zi-Chun Hua
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Hongqin Zhuang
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
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Li H, Jin F, Jiang K, Ji S, Wang L, Ni Z, Chen X, Hu Z, Zhang H, Liu Y, Qin Y, Zha X. mTORC1-mediated downregulation of COX2 restrains tumor growth caused by TSC2 deficiency. Oncotarget 2017; 7:28435-47. [PMID: 27078846 PMCID: PMC5053737 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2016] [Accepted: 03/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC), caused by loss-of-function mutations in the TSC1 or TSC2 gene, is characterized by benign tumor formation in multiple organs. Hyperactivation of mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) is the primary alteration underlying TSC tumors. By analyzing Tsc2-null mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) and rat uterine leiomyoma-derived Tsc2-null ELT3 cells, we detected evidence for the involvement of cyclooxygenase 2 (COX2) as a downstream target of mTORC1 in the development of TSC tumors. We showed that loss of TSC2 led to decreased COX2 expression through activation of an mTORC1/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) signaling pathway. Overexpression of COX2 promoted proliferation and tumoral growth of Tsc2-null cells. COX2 knockdown inhibited the proliferation of the control cells. COX2 enhanced Tsc2-null cell growth through upregulation of interleukin-6 (IL-6). In addition, rapamycin in combination with celecoxib, a COX2 inhibitor, strongly inhibited Tsc2-deficient cell growth. We conclude that downregulation of COX2 exerts a protective effect against hyperactivated mTORC1-mediated tumorigenesis caused by the loss of TSC2, and the combination of rapamycin and celecoxib may be an effective new approach to treating TSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongwu Li
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Fuquan Jin
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Keguo Jiang
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Department of Nephrology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Shuang Ji
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Zhaofei Ni
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Xianguo Chen
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Zhongdong Hu
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Hongbing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Physiology & Pathophysiology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yehai Liu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yide Qin
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Xiaojun Zha
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,State Key Laboratory Incubation Base of Dermatology, Ministry of National Science and Technology, Hefei, China
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Phosphorylated AKT expression in tumor-adjacent normal tissue is associated with poor prognosis in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. Oncol Lett 2017; 14:7461-7466. [PMID: 29344189 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.7137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2016] [Accepted: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The AKT pathway serves important roles in tumor cell growth. Its overexpression is associated with poor prognosis in a number of types of cancer; however, the role of AKT in the role of the pathogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains unclear. The present study was undertaken to explore the clinical relevance of phosphorylated AKT (p-AKT) in HCC. The level of p-AKT in tumor (TU) and paired adjacent normal liver (AN) tissue from 202 HCC patients was evaluated with immunohistochemistry. The results demonstrated that p-AKT was more highly expressed in TU than in AN tissue. Kaplan-Meier curves and Cox regression revealed that patients with a high expression of p-AKT (AN) exhibited reduced overall and relapse-free survival times; this was not observed at a statistically significant level in p-AKT (TU). Additionally, the high expression of p-AKT (AN) was positively correlated with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in HCC patients. These results support the hypothesis that AKT activation is a mechanism of HCV-induced hepatocarcinogenesis, suggesting that AKT can be a therapeutic target for the treatment of recurrent HCC subsequent to surgical resection.
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Chen H, Cai W, Chu ESH, Tang J, Wong CC, Wong SH, Sun W, Liang Q, Fang J, Sun Z, Yu J. Hepatic cyclooxygenase-2 overexpression induced spontaneous hepatocellular carcinoma formation in mice. Oncogene 2017; 36:4415-4426. [PMID: 28346420 PMCID: PMC5543258 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2017.73] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Revised: 02/07/2017] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 is upregulated in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the direct causative effect of COX-2 in spontaneous HCC formation remains unknown. We thus investigate the role and molecular pathogenesis of COX-2 in HCC by using liver-specific COX-2 transgenic (TG) mice. We found spontaneous HCC formation with elevated inflammatory infiltrates and neovessels in male TG mice (3/21, 14.3%), but not in any of male WT mice (0/19). Reduced representation bisulfite sequencing (RRBS) and gene expression microarrays were performed in the HCC tumor and non-HCC liver tissues to investigate the molecular mechanisms of COX-2-driven HCC. By RRBS, DNA promoter hypermethylation was identified in HCC from TG mice. Induction of promoter hypermethylation was associated with reduced tet methylcytosine dioxygenase 1 (TET1) expression by COX-2. TET1 could catalyze the conversion of 5-methylcytosine into 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) and prevents DNA hypermethylation. In keeping with this, loss of 5hmC was demonstrated in COX-2-induced HCC. Consistently, COX-2 overexpression in human HCC cell lines could reduce both TET1 expression and 5hmc levels. Integrative analyses of DNA methylation and gene expression profiles further identified significantly downregulated genes including LTBP1, ADCY5 and PRKCZ by promoter methylation in COX-2-induced HCC. Reduced expression of LTBP1, ADCY5 and PRKCZ by promoter hypermethylation was further validated in human HCCs. Bio-functional investigation revealed that LTBP1 inhibited cell proliferation in HCC cell lines, suggesting its potential role as a tumor suppressor in HCC. Gene expression microarrays revealed that signaling cascades (AKT (protein kinase B), STK33 (Serine/Threonine kinase 33) and MTOR (mechanistic target of rapamycin) pathways) were enriched in COX-2-induced HCC. In conclusion, this study demonstrated for the first time that enhanced COX-2 expression in hepatocytes is sufficient to induce HCC through inducing promoter hypermethylation by reducing TET1, silencing tumor-suppressive genes and activating key oncogenic pathways. Inhibition of COX-2 represents a mechanism-based target for HCC prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Chen
- Institute of Digestive Disease and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - W Cai
- Beijing Institutes of Life Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - E S H Chu
- Institute of Digestive Disease and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - J Tang
- Institute of Digestive Disease and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
- State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - C-C Wong
- Institute of Digestive Disease and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - S H Wong
- Institute of Digestive Disease and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - W Sun
- Institute of Digestive Disease and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Q Liang
- Institute of Digestive Disease and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - J Fang
- State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Z Sun
- Beijing Institutes of Life Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - J Yu
- Institute of Digestive Disease and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
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Cusimano A, Balasus D, Azzolina A, Augello G, Emma MR, Di Sano C, Gramignoli R, Strom SC, McCubrey JA, Montalto G, Cervello M. Oleocanthal exerts antitumor effects on human liver and colon cancer cells through ROS generation. Int J Oncol 2017; 51:533-544. [PMID: 28656311 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2017.4049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The beneficial health properties of the Mediter-ranean diet are well recognized. The principle source of fat in Mediterranean diet is extra-virgin olive oil (EVOO). Oleocanthal (OC) is a naturally occurring minor phenolic compound isolated from EVOO, which has shown a potent anti-inflammatory activity, by means of its ability to inhibit the cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes COX-1 and COX-2. A large body of evidence indicates that phenols exhibit anticancer activities. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the potential anticancer effects of OC in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and colorectal carcinoma (CRC) models. A panel of human HCC (HepG2, Huh7, Hep3B and PLC/PRF/5) and CRC (HT29, SW480) cell lines was used. Cells were treated with OC, and cell viability and apoptosis were evaluated. Compared with classical commercially available COX inhibitors (ibuprofen, indomethacin, nimesulide), OC was more effective in inducing cell growth inhibition in HCC and CRC cells. Moreover, OC inhibited colony formation and induced apoptosis, as confirmed by PARP cleavage, activation of caspases 3/7 and chromatin condensation. OC treatment in a dose dependent-manner induced expression of γH2AX, a marker of DNA damage, increased intracellular ROS production and caused mitochondrial depolarization. Moreover, the effects of OC were suppressed by the ROS scavenger N-acetyl-L-cysteine. Finally, OC was not toxic in primary normal human hepatocytes. In conclusion, OC treatment was found to exert a potent anticancer activity against HCC and CRC cells. Taken together, our findings provide preclinical support of the chemotherapeutic potential of EVOO against cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Cusimano
- Institute of Biomedicine and Molecular Immunology 'Alberto Monroy', National Research Council (CNR), Palermo, Italy
| | - Daniele Balasus
- Institute of Biomedicine and Molecular Immunology 'Alberto Monroy', National Research Council (CNR), Palermo, Italy
| | - Antonina Azzolina
- Institute of Biomedicine and Molecular Immunology 'Alberto Monroy', National Research Council (CNR), Palermo, Italy
| | - Giuseppa Augello
- Institute of Biomedicine and Molecular Immunology 'Alberto Monroy', National Research Council (CNR), Palermo, Italy
| | - Maria R Emma
- Institute of Biomedicine and Molecular Immunology 'Alberto Monroy', National Research Council (CNR), Palermo, Italy
| | - Caterina Di Sano
- Institute of Biomedicine and Molecular Immunology 'Alberto Monroy', National Research Council (CNR), Palermo, Italy
| | - Roberto Gramignoli
- Division of Pathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Cell Transplantation and Regenerative Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Stephen C Strom
- Division of Pathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Cell Transplantation and Regenerative Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - James A McCubrey
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - Giuseppe Montalto
- Institute of Biomedicine and Molecular Immunology 'Alberto Monroy', National Research Council (CNR), Palermo, Italy
| | - Melchiorre Cervello
- Institute of Biomedicine and Molecular Immunology 'Alberto Monroy', National Research Council (CNR), Palermo, Italy
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63
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Gandhi J, Khera L, Gaur N, Paul C, Kaul R. Role of Modulator of Inflammation Cyclooxygenase-2 in Gammaherpesvirus Mediated Tumorigenesis. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:538. [PMID: 28400769 PMCID: PMC5368278 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.00538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammation is recognized as a threat factor for cancer progression. Release of inflammatory molecules generates microenvironment which is highly favorable for development of tumor, cancer progression and metastasis. In cases of latent viral infections, generation of such a microenvironment is one of the major predisposing factors related to virus mediated tumorigenesis. Among various inflammatory mediators implicated in pathological process associated with cancer, the cyclooxygenase (COX) and its downstream effector molecules are of greater significance. Though the role of infectious agents in causing inflammation leading to transformation of cells has been more or less well established, however, the mechanism by which inflammation in itself modulates the events in life cycle of infectious agent is not very much clear. This is specifically important for gammaherpesviruses infections where viral life cycle is characterized by prolonged periods of latency when the virus remains hidden, immunologically undetectable and expresses only a very limited set of genes. Therefore, it is important to understand the mechanisms for role of inflammation in virus life cycle and tumorigenesis. This review is an attempt to summarize the latest findings highlighting the significance of COX-2 and its downstream signaling effectors role in life cycle events of gammaherpesviruses leading to progression of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaya Gandhi
- Department of Microbiology, University of Delhi South Campus New Delhi, India
| | - Lohit Khera
- Department of Microbiology, University of Delhi South Campus New Delhi, India
| | - Nivedita Gaur
- Department of Microbiology, University of Delhi South Campus New Delhi, India
| | - Catherine Paul
- Department of Microbiology, University of Delhi South Campus New Delhi, India
| | - Rajeev Kaul
- Department of Microbiology, University of Delhi South Campus New Delhi, India
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64
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Dong BW, Qin GM, Luo Y, Mao JS. Metabolic enzymes: key modulators of functionality in cancer stem-like cells. Oncotarget 2017; 8:14251-14267. [PMID: 28009990 PMCID: PMC5355174 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.14041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer Stem-like Cells (CSCs) are a subpopulation of cancer cells with self-renewal capacity and are important for the initiation, progression and recurrence of cancer diseases. The metabolic profile of CSCs is consistent with their stem-like properties. Studies have indicated that enzymes, the main regulators of cellular metabolism, dictate functionalities of CSCs in both catalysis-dependent and catalysis-independent manners. This paper reviews diverse studies of metabolic enzymes, and describes the effects of these enzymes on metabolic adaptation, gene transcription and signal transduction, in CSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo-Wen Dong
- Department of Gastroenterology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guang-Ming Qin
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yan Luo
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jian-Shan Mao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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65
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Feng L, Xu Y, Zhang Y, Sun Z, Han J, Zhang C, Yang H, Shang D, Su F, Shi X, Li S, Li C, Li X. Subpathway-GMir: identifying miRNA-mediated metabolic subpathways by integrating condition-specific genes, microRNAs, and pathway topologies. Oncotarget 2016; 6:39151-64. [PMID: 26472186 PMCID: PMC4770763 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2015] [Accepted: 10/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) regulate disease-relevant metabolic pathways. However, most current pathway identification methods fail to consider miRNAs in addition to genes when analyzing pathways. We developed a powerful method called Subpathway-GMir to construct miRNA-regulated metabolic pathways and to identify miRNA-mediated subpathways by considering condition-specific genes, miRNAs, and pathway topologies. We used Subpathway-GMir to analyze two liver hepatocellular carcinomas (LIHC), one stomach adenocarcinoma (STAD), and one type 2 diabetes (T2D) data sets. Results indicate that Subpathway-GMir is more effective in identifying phenotype-associated metabolic pathways than other methods and our results are reproducible and robust. Subpathway-GMir provides a flexible platform for identifying abnormal metabolic subpathways mediated by miRNAs, and may help to clarify the roles that miRNAs play in a variety of diseases. The Subpathway-GMir method has been implemented as a freely available R package.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Feng
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Yanjun Xu
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Yunpeng Zhang
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Zeguo Sun
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Junwei Han
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Chunlong Zhang
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Haixiu Yang
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Desi Shang
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Fei Su
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Xinrui Shi
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Shang Li
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Chunquan Li
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China.,Department of Medical Informatics, Daqing Campus, Harbin Medical University, Daqing, 163319, China
| | - Xia Li
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
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66
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Cyclooxygenase-2 induced β1-integrin expression in NSCLC and promoted cell invasion via the EP1/MAPK/E2F-1/FoxC2 signal pathway. Sci Rep 2016; 6:33823. [PMID: 27654511 PMCID: PMC5031967 DOI: 10.1038/srep33823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2016] [Accepted: 09/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) has been implicated in cell invasion in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, the mechanism is unclear. The present study investigated the effect of COX-2 on β1-integrin expression and cell invasion in NSCLC. COX-2 and β1-integrin were co-expressed in NSCLC tissues. COX-2 overexpression or Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) treatment increased β1-integrin expression in NSCLC cell lines. β1-integrin silencing suppressed COX-2-mediated tumour growth and cancer cell invasion in vivo and in vitro. Prostaglandin E Receptor EP1 transfection or treatment with EP1 agonist mimicked the effect of PGE2 treatment. EP1 siRNA blocked PGE2-mediated β1-integrin expression. EP1 agonist treatment promoted Erk1/2, p38 phosphorylation and E2F-1 expression. MEK1/2 and p38 inhibitors suppressed EP1-mediated β1-integrin expression. E2F-1 silencing suppressed EP1-mediated FoxC2 and β1-integrin upregulation. ChIP and Luciferase Reporter assays identified that EP1 agonist treatment induced E2F-1 binding to FoxC2 promotor directly and improved FoxC2 transcription. FoxC2 siRNA suppressed β1-integrin expression and EP1-mediated cell invasion. Immunohistochemistry showed E2F-1, FoxC2, and EP1R were all highly expressed in the NSCLC cases. This study suggested that COX-2 upregulates β1-integrin expression and cell invasion in NSCLC by activating the MAPK/E2F-1 signalling pathway. Targeting the COX-2/EP1/PKC/MAPK/E2F-1/FoxC2/β1-integrin pathway might represent a new therapeutic strategy for the prevention and treatment of this cancer.
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67
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Lee PC, Yeh CM, Hu YW, Chen CC, Liu CJ, Su CW, Huo TI, Huang YH, Chao Y, Chen TJ, Lin HC, Wu JC. Antiplatelet Therapy is Associated with a Better Prognosis for Patients with Hepatitis B Virus-Related Hepatocellular Carcinoma after Liver Resection. Ann Surg Oncol 2016; 23:874-883. [PMID: 27541812 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-016-5520-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with unsatisfactory survival is common after surgical resection. Antiplatelet therapy with aspirin or clopidogrel was recently shown to prevent hepatic carcinogenesis in a murine model, but its effect in humans had not been clarified. This study aimed to investigate the association between antiplatelet therapy and the outcomes for patients with hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related HCC after liver resection. METHODS By analyzing data from the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database, 9461 HBV-related HCC patients who had undergone liver resection between January 1997 and December 2011 were identified. After one-to-four matching by sex, age, and propensity score, 442 patients with antiplatelet therapy and 1768 patients without antiplatelet therapy were enrolled for the analysis. The Kaplan-Meier method and modified Cox proportional hazards models were used for survival and multivariable, stratified analyses. RESULTS Recurrence-free survival and overall survival after resection surgery were significantly better after 5 years in the treated cohort than in the untreated cohort (52.8 vs 47.9 %; p = 0.021 and 80.3 vs 65.4 %; p < 0.001, respectively). Besides, antiplatelet therapy reduced the risk of HCC recurrence (hazard ratio [HR] 0.73; p < 0.001) and overall mortality (HR 0.57; p < 0.001) in the multivariable analysis. However, antiplatelet use significantly increased the risk of upper gastrointestinal bleeding (odds ratio [OR] 1.91; p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Use of aspirin or clopidogrel was associated with better recurrence-free survival and overall survival among patients with HBV-related HCC after liver resection. However, these agents should be used with caution due to the adverse effects of upper gastrointestinal bleeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Chang Lee
- Institute of Pharmacology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Faculty of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Yuanshan Branch, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Yilan, Taiwan
| | - Chiu-Mei Yeh
- Department of Family Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Wen Hu
- Faculty of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Cancer Center, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Public Health, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Chia Chen
- Faculty of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Jen Liu
- Faculty of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Institute of Public Health, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Chien-Wei Su
- Faculty of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Teh-Ia Huo
- Institute of Pharmacology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hsiang Huang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yee Chao
- Faculty of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Cancer Center, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tzeng-Ji Chen
- Faculty of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Hospital and Health Care Administration, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Han-Chieh Lin
- Faculty of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jaw-Ching Wu
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Division of Translational Research, Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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68
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Yang B, Petrick JL, Chen J, Hagberg KW, Sahasrabuddhe VV, Graubard BI, Jick S, McGlynn KA. Associations of NSAID and paracetamol use with risk of primary liver cancer in the Clinical Practice Research Datalink. Cancer Epidemiol 2016; 43:105-11. [PMID: 27420633 PMCID: PMC5031234 DOI: 10.1016/j.canep.2016.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2016] [Revised: 06/09/2016] [Accepted: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Liver cancer incidence has been rising rapidly in Western countries. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and paracetamol are widely-used analgesics that may modulate the risk of liver cancer, but population-based evidence is limited. We conducted a case-control study (1195 primary liver cancer cases and 4640 matched controls) within the United Kingdom's Clinical Practice Research Datalink to examine the association between the use of prescription NSAIDs and paracetamol and development of liver cancer. Multivariable-adjusted odds ratios (aORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using conditional logistic regression. Overall, ever-use of NSAIDs was not associated with risk of liver cancer (aOR=1.05, 95% CI=0.88-1.24), regardless of recency and intensity of use. Use of paracetamol was associated with a slightly increased risk of liver cancer (aOR=1.18, 95% CI=1.00-1.39), particularly among individuals with body mass index<25kg/m(2) (aOR=1.56, 95% CI=1.17-2.09). Our results suggest that NSAID use was not associated with liver cancer risk in this population. Ever-use of paracetamol may be associated with slightly higher liver cancer risk, but results should be interpreted cautiously due to methodological limitations. Given that paracetamol is a widely-used analgesic, further examination of its relationship with liver cancer is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baiyu Yang
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, 20892-9774, USA.
| | - Jessica L Petrick
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, 20892-9774, USA
| | - Jie Chen
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, 20892-9774, USA
| | - Katrina Wilcox Hagberg
- Boston Collaborative Drug Surveillance Program and Boston University School of Public Health, Lexington, MA, 02421, USA
| | - Vikrant V Sahasrabuddhe
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, 20892-9774, USA; Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, 20892-9783, USA
| | - Barry I Graubard
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, 20892-9774, USA
| | - Susan Jick
- Boston Collaborative Drug Surveillance Program and Boston University School of Public Health, Lexington, MA, 02421, USA
| | - Katherine A McGlynn
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, 20892-9774, USA
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69
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Choi JP, Zheng Y, Handelsman DJ, Simanainen U. Glandular epithelial AR inactivation enhances PTEN deletion-induced uterine pathology. Endocr Relat Cancer 2016; 23:377-90. [PMID: 26984887 DOI: 10.1530/erc-16-0039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2016] [Accepted: 03/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) deletion induces uterine pathology, whereas androgen actions via androgen receptor (AR) support uterine growth and therefore may modify uterine cancer risk. We hypothesized that the androgen actions mediated via uterine glandular epithelial AR could modify PTEN deletion-induced uterine pathology. To test our hypothesis, we developed uterine glandular epithelium-specific PTEN and/or AR knockout mouse models comparing the uterine pathology among wild-type (WT), glandular epithelium-specific AR inactivation (ugeARKO), PTEN deletion (ugePTENKO), and the combined PTEN and AR knockout (ugePTENARKO) female mice. The double knockout restricted to glandular epithelium showed that AR inactivation enhanced PTEN deletion-induced uterine pathology with development of intraepithelial neoplasia by 20 weeks of age. In ugePTENARKO, 6/10 (60%) developed intraepithelial neoplasia, whereas 3/10 (30%) developed only glandular hyperplasia in ugePTENKO uterus. No uterine pathology was observed in WT (n=8) and ugeARKO (n=7) uteri. Uterine weight was significantly (P=0.002) increased in ugePTENARKO (374±97 mg (mean±s.e.)) compared with WT (97±6 mg), ugeARKO (94±12 mg), and ugePTENKO (205±33 mg). Estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) and P-AKT expression was modified by uterine pathology but did not differ between ugePTENKO and ugePTENARKO, suggesting that its expressions are not directly affected by androgens. However, progesterone receptor (PR) expression was reduced in ugePTENARKO compared to ugePTENKO uterus, suggesting that PR expression could be regulated by glandular epithelial AR inactivation. In conclusion, glandular epithelial AR inactivation (with persistent stromal AR action) enhanced PTEN deletion-induced uterine pathology possibly by downregulating PR expression in the uterus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaesung Peter Choi
- ANZAC Research InstituteUniversity of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Yu Zheng
- ANZAC Research InstituteUniversity of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - David J Handelsman
- ANZAC Research InstituteUniversity of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Ulla Simanainen
- ANZAC Research InstituteUniversity of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Chen QI, Cao B, Nan N, Wang YU, Zhai XU, Li Y, Chong T. TPX2 in human clear cell renal carcinoma: Expression, function and prognostic significance. Oncol Lett 2016; 11:3515-3521. [PMID: 27123144 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2016.4396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2014] [Accepted: 01/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Targeting protein for Xenopus kinesin-like protein 2 (TPX2) is a microtubule-associated protein. TPX2 is considered to be an important gene in tumorigenesis; however, the particular function of TPX2 in the development of human renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is unknown. In the present study, the expression, function and prognostic significance of TPX2 in human RCC was analyzed. A total of 286 tissue samples from patients with RCC who had undergone nephrectomies were utilized. Subsequently, the expression of TPX2 protein was investigated using immunohistochemistry and western blotting, and TPX2 mRNA expression was examined using reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction. To establish the effect of TPX2 on the proliferation and invasion of the RCC cells, TPX2 expression was increased by stable transfection with a TPX2 vector and TPX2 expression was decreased using small interfering RNA. Proliferation of the RCC cells was analyzed using a WST-1 assay and an animal xenograft model with BALB/c nude mice, whilst invasion of the RCC cells was examined using a Matrigel-coated invasion chamber. It was demonstrated that TPX2 expression was significantly higher in the RCC tissues compared with normal kidney tissues (P<0.05). Furthermore, TPX2 expression was associated with tumor size, histological grade and tumor stage (P<0.05), and was observed to markedly increase the proliferation and invasion of the RCC cells. It may be concluded that the expression of TPX2 is significantly upregulated in RCC tissue, subsequently increasing the proliferative and invasive ability of RCC cells. Therefore, the protein may serve as a therapeutic target and independent prognostic factor in the treatment of human RCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q I Chen
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004, P.R. China
| | - Bin Cao
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004, P.R. China
| | - Ning Nan
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004, P.R. China
| | - Y U Wang
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004, P.R. China
| | - X U Zhai
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004, P.R. China
| | - Youfang Li
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004, P.R. China
| | - Tie Chong
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004, P.R. China
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Aytaç PS, Durmaz I, Houston DR, Çetin-Atalay R, Tozkoparan B. Novel triazolothiadiazines act as potent anticancer agents in liver cancer cells through Akt and ASK-1 proteins. Bioorg Med Chem 2016; 24:858-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2016.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2015] [Revised: 01/06/2016] [Accepted: 01/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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72
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Rai N, Sarkar M, Raha S. Piroxicam, a traditional non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) causes apoptosis by ROS mediated Akt activation. Pharmacol Rep 2015; 67:1215-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharep.2015.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2015] [Revised: 03/31/2015] [Accepted: 05/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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73
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Petrick JL, Sahasrabuddhe VV, Chan AT, Alavanja MC, Beane-Freeman LE, Buring JE, Chen J, Chong DQ, Freedman ND, Fuchs CS, Gaziano JM, Giovannucci E, Graubard BI, Hollenbeck AR, Hou L, Jacobs EJ, King LY, Koshiol J, Lee IM, Linet MS, Palmer JR, Purdue MP, Rosenberg L, Schairer C, Sesso HD, Sigurdson AJ, Wactawski-Wende J, Zeleniuch-Jacquotte A, Campbell PT, McGlynn KA. NSAID Use and Risk of Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma: The Liver Cancer Pooling Project. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2015; 8:1156-62. [PMID: 26391917 PMCID: PMC4704448 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-15-0126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2015] [Accepted: 09/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Chronic inflammation plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC), the two most common types of liver cancer. A number of prior experimental studies have suggested that nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), including aspirin and ibuprofen, may potentially protect against liver cancer. However, no observational study has examined the association between aspirin duration and dose or other over-the-counter non-aspirin NSAIDs, such as ibuprofen, and liver cancer incidence. Furthermore, the association between NSAID use and risk of ICC is unclear. As part of the Liver Cancer Pooling Project, we harmonized data on 1,084,133 individuals (HCC = 679, ICC = 225) from 10 U.S.-based prospective cohort studies. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to evaluate multivariable-adjusted HRs and 95% confidence intervals (CI). Current aspirin use, versus nonuse, was inversely associated with HCC (HR, 0.68; 95% CI, 0.57-0.81), which persisted when restricted to individuals not using non-aspirin NSAIDs and in a 5- and 10-year lag analysis. The association between aspirin use and HCC risk was stronger for users who reported daily use, longer duration use, and lower dosage. Ibuprofen use was not associated with HCC risk. Aspirin use was associated with a reduced ICC risk in men (HR, 0.64; 95% CI, 0.42-0.98) but not women (HR, 1.34; 95% CI, 0.89-2.01; P(interaction) = 0.01). The observed inverse association between aspirin use and liver cancer in our study, together with previous data, suggests the merit of future intervention studies of aspirin and other agents that affect chronic inflammatory pathways for HCC and possibly ICC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica L Petrick
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland.
| | - Vikrant V Sahasrabuddhe
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland. Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland. Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Andrew T Chan
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts. Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Michael C Alavanja
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Laura E Beane-Freeman
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Julie E Buring
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts. Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Jie Chen
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Dawn Q Chong
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts. Division of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore
| | - Neal D Freedman
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Charles S Fuchs
- Department of Medicine, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - John Michael Gaziano
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts. VA Boston Healthcare System, Brockton, Massachusetts
| | | | - Barry I Graubard
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | | | - Lifang Hou
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Eric J Jacobs
- Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Lindsay Y King
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts. Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jill Koshiol
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - I-Min Lee
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts. Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Martha S Linet
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Julie R Palmer
- Slone Epidemiology Center at Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Mark P Purdue
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Lynn Rosenberg
- Slone Epidemiology Center at Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Catherine Schairer
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Howard D Sesso
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts. Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Alice J Sigurdson
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Jean Wactawski-Wende
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York
| | | | - Peter T Campbell
- Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Katherine A McGlynn
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
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Al-Sha’er MA, Mansi I, Almazari I, Hakooz N. Evaluation of novel Akt1 inhibitors as anticancer agents using virtual co-crystallized pharmacophore generation. J Mol Graph Model 2015; 62:213-225. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2015.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Revised: 10/07/2015] [Accepted: 10/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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McGlynn KA, Petrick JL, London WT. Global epidemiology of hepatocellular carcinoma: an emphasis on demographic and regional variability. Clin Liver Dis 2015; 19:223-38. [PMID: 25921660 PMCID: PMC4712629 DOI: 10.1016/j.cld.2015.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 596] [Impact Index Per Article: 66.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Liver cancer is the second leading cause of global cancer mortality. The major risk factors for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are being addressed with success by prevention efforts. Vaccination against hepatitis B virus has reduced incidence of HCC in Taiwan and is partly responsible for lower rates in China. New infections with hepatitis C virus are low in developed countries because of prevention of posttransfusion infections and reduced exposure to HCV by drug users. Aflatoxin exposure has been reduced by better grain storage and dietary changes. Obesity, metabolic syndrome, and diabetes are increasing in developed and developing countries and will lead to more cases of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine A. McGlynn
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20854
| | - Jessica L. Petrick
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20854
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76
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Xu HD, Cho SC, Bang MA, Bae CS, Choi Y, Li YC, Lim SK, Shim J, Park DH. FK-3000 isolated from Stephania delavayi Diels. inhibits MDA-MB-231 cell proliferation by decreasing NF-κB phosphorylation and COX-2 expression. Int J Oncol 2015; 46:2309-16. [PMID: 25823424 PMCID: PMC4441289 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2015.2940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2014] [Accepted: 11/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The World Health Organization (WHO) has reported that cancer is one of the most prevalent diseases and a leading cause of death worldwide. Many anticancer drug development studies have been pursued over the last few decades and several viable drugs have been discovered, such as paclitaxel, topotecan and irinotecan. Previously, our research group uncovered the cytocidal and cytostatic effects of the plant Stephania delavayi Diels. In this study, we determined the active chemical to be 6,7-di-O-acetylsinococuline (FK-3000). The FK-3000 half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) in MDA-MB-231 breast carcinoma cells at 48 h was 0.52 µg/ml and it induced apoptosis in a dose- and time-dependent manner. FK-3000 suppressed NF-κB nuclear translocation, decreased NF-κB phosphorylation, and decreased COX-2 protein expression. MDA-MB-231 xenografted mice were treated with FK-3000, Taxol, or their combination for 21 days. The tumor size was smallest in the co-treatment group, indicating that FK-3000 may have a synergistic effect with Taxol. FK-3000 treatment showed no adverse effects on blood cell counts, serum protein levels, or pathology. These studies demonstrate that FK-3000, isolated from S. delavayi Diels., is a promising, pathway-specific anticancer agent that exhibits low toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong De Xu
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, P.R. China
| | - Soon-Chang Cho
- NaturePureKorea Inc., Jeonnam 517-8-3, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Ae Bang
- Research Development Team, Jeonnam Biofood Technology Center, Jeonnam, Naju 520-330, Republic of Korea
| | - Chun-Sik Bae
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeonshik Choi
- Department of Bio Medical Analysis, Korea Polytechnic College, Nonsan, Chungnam 320-905, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Chun Li
- NaturePureKorea Inc., Jeonnam 517-8-3, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Kil Lim
- Department of Exercise Prescription, Dongshin University, Naju, Jeonnam 520-714, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaegal Shim
- Comparative Biomedicine Research Branch, National Cancer Center, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do 411-769, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Hun Park
- Department of Oriental Medicine Materials, Dongshin University, Naju, Jeonnam 520-714, Republic of Korea
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77
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Cuestas ML, Oubiña JR, Mathet VL. Hepatocellular carcinoma and multidrug resistance: Past, present and new challenges for therapy improvement. World J Pharmacol 2015; 4:96-116. [DOI: 10.5497/wjp.v4.i1.96] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2014] [Revised: 10/02/2014] [Accepted: 12/01/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most frequent form of liver cancer and the third most common cause of cancer-related death in the world. The main risk factor worldwide for this type of malignancy is chronic hepatitis caused by hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus infections. Advances in early detection and treatment have improved life expectancy of patients with HCC. However, this disorder remains as a disease with poor prognosis. In fact, epidemiological studies have revealed that there is an 8-mo median survival rate in patients, approximately 20% of whom survive one year while only 5% remain alive after three years. Additionally, HCC is particularly difficult to treat because of its high recurrence rate, and its resistance to conventional chemotherapy is due, among other mechanisms, to several members of the ATP-Binding Cassette protein family involved in drug transport being overexpressed. Fortunately, there is evidence that these patients may benefit from alternative molecular-targeted therapies. This manuscript intends to provide further insight into the etiology and molecular mechanisms related to HCC development and the latest therapeutic approaches to treat this malignancy. The development of effective delivery systems of antitumor drugs able to target the liver parenchyma is also assessed. Finally, the prospects in the development of more efficient drug therapies to overcome multidrug resistance are also examined.
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78
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Celecoxib sensitizes gastric cancer to rapamycin via inhibition of the Cbl-b-regulated PI3K/Akt pathway. Tumour Biol 2015; 36:5607-15. [PMID: 25701378 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-3232-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2014] [Accepted: 02/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) has emerged as a new potential therapeutic target for gastric cancer. However, a phase III clinical trial found that monotherapy with the mTOR inhibitor everolimus did not significantly improve the overall survival of patients with advanced gastric cancer. This has led to the exploration of more effective combinatorial regimens to enhance the effectiveness of mTOR inhibitors. Here, we demonstrate that Akt phosphorylation is increased in the rapamycin-resistant gastric cancer cell lines MGC803 and SGC7901. We further show that combined treatment with celecoxib and rapamycin results in an additive inhibitory effect on the growth of gastric cancer cells through suppression of rapamycin-induced Akt activation. Moreover, celecoxib upregulated the expression of the ubiquitin ligase casitas B-lineage lymphoma-b (Cbl-b). Knockdown of Cbl-b significantly attenuated celecoxib-mediated inhibition of Akt phosphorylation and impaired the additive anticancer effect of celecoxib and rapamycin. Our results suggest that celecoxib-mediated upregulation of Cbl-b is responsible, at least in part, for the additive antitumor effect of celecoxib and rapamycin via inhibition of rapamycin-induced Akt activation.
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79
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Zheng F, Liao YJ, Cai MY, Liu TH, Chen SP, Wu PH, Wu L, Bian XW, Guan XY, Zeng YX, Yuan YF, Kung HF, Xie D. Systemic delivery of microRNA-101 potently inhibits hepatocellular carcinoma in vivo by repressing multiple targets. PLoS Genet 2015; 11:e1004873. [PMID: 25693145 PMCID: PMC4334495 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1004873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2014] [Accepted: 11/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Targeted therapy based on adjustment of microRNA (miRNA)s activity takes great promise due to the ability of these small RNAs to modulate cellular behavior. However, the efficacy of miR-101 replacement therapy to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains unclear. In the current study, we first observed that plasma levels of miR-101 were significantly lower in distant metastatic HCC patients than in HCCs without distant metastasis, and down-regulation of plasma miR-101 predicted a worse disease-free survival (DFS, P<0.05). In an animal model of HCC, we demonstrated that systemic delivery of lentivirus-mediated miR-101 abrogated HCC growth in the liver, intrahepatic metastasis and distant metastasis to the lung and to the mediastinum, resulting in a dramatic suppression of HCC development and metastasis in mice without toxicity and extending life expectancy. Furthermore, enforced overexpression of miR-101 in HCC cells not only decreased EZH2, COX2 and STMN1, but also directly down-regulated a novel target ROCK2, inhibited Rho/Rac GTPase activation, and blocked HCC cells epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and angiogenesis, inducing a strong abrogation of HCC tumorigenesis and aggressiveness both in vitro and in vivo. These results provide proof-of-concept support for systemic delivery of lentivirus-mediated miR-101 as a powerful anti-HCC therapeutic modality by repressing multiple molecular targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Zheng
- The State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yi-Ji Liao
- The State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mu-Yan Cai
- The State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tian-Hao Liu
- The State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shu-Peng Chen
- The State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Pei-Hong Wu
- The State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Tumor Interventional Therapy, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
- Hepatobiliary Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Long Wu
- Department of Clinical Oncology, People’s Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiu-Wu Bian
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xin-Yuan Guan
- The State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Clinical Oncology, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yi-Xin Zeng
- The State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yun-Fei Yuan
- The State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Hepatobiliary Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hsiang-Fu Kung
- The State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Dan Xie
- The State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
- * E-mail:
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Abstract
Celecoxib, a COX-2 inhibitor and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, can prevent several types of cancer, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Here we show that celecoxib suppressed the self-renewal and drug-pumping functions in HCC cells. Besides, celecoxib depleted CD44+/CD133+ hepatic cancer stem cells (hCSC). Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and CD133 overexpression did not reverse the celecoxib-induced depletion of hCSC. Also, celecoxib inhibited progression of rat Novikoff hepatoma. Moreover, a 60-day celecoxib program increased the survival rate of rats with hepatoma. Histological analysis revealed that celecoxib therapy reduced the abundance of CD44+/CD133+ hCSCs in hepatoma tissues. Besides, the hCSCs depletion was associated with elevated apoptosis and blunted proliferation and angiogenesis in hepatoma. Celecoxib therapy activated peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) and up-regulated PTEN, thereby inhibiting Akt and disrupting hCSC expansion. PTEN gene delivery by adenovirus reduced CD44/CD133 expression in vitro and hepatoma formation in vivo. This study suggests that celecoxib suppresses cancer stemness and progression of HCC via activation of PPARγ/PTEN signaling.
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81
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Liu S, Zhang W, Liu K, Ji B, Wang G. Silencing ADAM10 inhibits the in vitro and in vivo growth of hepatocellular carcinoma cancer cells. Mol Med Rep 2014; 11:597-602. [PMID: 25323956 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2014.2652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2013] [Accepted: 09/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
A disintegrin and metalloprotease 10 (ADAM10) is a transmembrane protein associated with metastasis in a number of types of cancer. Little is known, however, regarding the role of ADAM10 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The aim of the present study was to evaluate whether downregulation of ADAM10 effects HCC cell proliferation, cell cycle, cell migration and cell invasion. A recombinant small hairpin RNA expression vector carrying ADAM10 was constructed and then transfected into the HepG2 human HCC cell line. In vitro cell proliferation, cell cycle, cell migration and cell invasion, and in vivo tumor growth were determined following the downregulation of ADAM10 by RNA interference. The results revealed that downregulation of ADAM10 expression in HepG2 tumor cells using the RNA silencing approach significantly suppressed cell proliferation, cell migration and cell invasion in vitro, and tumor growth in vivo. Furthermore, ADAM10 silencing was able to significantly reduce constitutive phosphorylation of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) and Akt, which implies that ADAM10 is, at least partially, involved in the activation of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. These results suggest that ADAM10 is important in regulating the proliferation and metastasis of HCC. Thus, ADAM10 is a promising therapeutic target for the prevention of tumor metastases in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songyang Liu
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, The First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, The First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Kai Liu
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, The First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Bai Ji
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, The First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Guangyi Wang
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, The First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
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Bai X, Wang J, Guo Y, Pan J, Yang Q, Zhang M, Li H, Zhang L, Ma J, Shi F, Shu W, Wang Y, Leng J. Prostaglandin E2 stimulates β1-integrin expression in hepatocellular carcinoma through the EP1 receptor/PKC/NF-κB pathway. Sci Rep 2014; 4:6538. [PMID: 25289898 PMCID: PMC5377465 DOI: 10.1038/srep06538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2014] [Accepted: 09/05/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) has been implicated in cell invasion in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), via increased β1-integrin expression and cell migration; however, the mechanism remains unclear. PGE2 exerts its effects via four subtypes of the E prostanoid receptor (EP receptor 1–4). The present study investigated the effect of EP1 receptor activation on β1-integrin expression and cell migration in HCC. Cell migration increased by 60% in cells treated with 17-PT-PGE2 (EP1 agonist), which was suppressed by pretreatment with a β1-integrin polyclonal antibody. PGE2 increased β1-integrin expression by approximately 2-fold. EP1 receptor transfection or treatment with 17-PT-PGE2 mimicked the effect of PGE2 treatment. EP1 siRNA blocked PGE2-mediated β1-integrin expression. 17-PT-PGE2 treatment induced PKC and NF-κB activation; PKC and NF-κB inhibitors suppressed 17-PT-PGE2-mediated β1-integrin expression. FoxC2, a β1-integrin transcription factor, was also upregulated by 17-PT-PGE2. NF-κB inhibitor suppressed 17-PT-PGE2-mediated FoxC2 upregulation. Immunohistochemistry showed p65, FoxC2, EP1 receptor and β1-integrin were all highly expressed in the HCC cases. This study suggested that PGE2 upregulates β1-integrin expression and cell migration in HCC cells by activating the PKC/NF-κB signaling pathway. Targeting PGE2/EP1/PKC/NF-κB/FoxC2/β1-integrin pathway may represent a new therapeutic strategy for the prevention and treatment of this cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoming Bai
- Cancer Center, Department of Pathology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, P. R. China
| | - Jie Wang
- Department of Pathology, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210029, P. R. China
| | - Yan Guo
- Institute of Pediatrics, Fourth Clinical Medical College, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, P. R. China
| | - Jinshun Pan
- The Center of Metabolic Disease Research, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, P. R. China
| | - Qinyi Yang
- Cancer Center, Department of Pathology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, P. R. China
| | - Min Zhang
- Cancer Center, Department of Pathology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, P. R. China
| | - Hai Li
- Cancer Center, Department of Pathology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, P. R. China
| | - Li Zhang
- Cancer Center, Department of Pathology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, P. R. China
| | - Juan Ma
- Cancer Center, Department of Pathology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, P. R. China
| | - Feng Shi
- Cancer Center, Department of Pathology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, P. R. China
| | - Wei Shu
- Department of Periodontal, Institute of Stomatology, The Stomatological Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, P. R. China
| | - Yipin Wang
- Cancer Center, Department of Pathology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, P. R. China
| | - Jing Leng
- Cancer Center, Department of Pathology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, P. R. China
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Doller A, Badawi A, Schmid T, Brauss T, Pleli T, zu Heringdorf DM, Piiper A, Pfeilschifter J, Eberhardt W. The cytoskeletal inhibitors latrunculin A and blebbistatin exert antitumorigenic properties in human hepatocellular carcinoma cells by interfering with intracellular HuR trafficking. Exp Cell Res 2014; 330:66-80. [PMID: 25240929 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2014.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2014] [Revised: 09/01/2014] [Accepted: 09/07/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The impact of the RNA-binding protein HuR for the post-transcriptional deregulation of tumor-relevant genes is well established. Despite of elevations in HuR expression levels, an increase in cytoplasmic HuR abundance in many cases correlates with a high grade of malignancy. Here, we demonstrated that administration of the actin-depolymerizing macrolide latrunculin A, or blebbistatin, an inhibitor of myosin II ATPase activity, caused a dose- and time-dependent reduction in the high cytoplasmic HuR content of HepG2 and Huh7 hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells. Subcellular fractionation revealed that in addition, both inhibitors strongly attenuated cytoskeletal and membrane-bound HuR abundance and conversely increased the HuR amount in nuclear cell fractions. Concomitant with changes in intracellular HuR localization, both cytoskeletal inhibitors markedly decreased the half-lives of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), cyclin A and cyclin D1 encoding mRNAs resulting in a significant reduction in their expression levels in HepG2 cells. Importantly, a similar reduction in the expression of these HuR targets was achieved by a RNA interference (RNAi)-mediated knockdown of either HuR or nonmuscle myoin IIA. Using polysomal fractionation, we further demonstrate that the decrease in cytoplasmic HuR by latrunculin A or blebbistatin is accompanied by a marked change in the allocation of HuR and its mRNA cargo from polysomes to ribonucleoprotein (RNP) particles. Functionally, the basal migration and prostaglandin E2 synthesis are similarly impaired in inhibitor-treated and stable HuR-knockdown HepG2 cells. Our data demonstrate that interfering with the actomyosin-dependent HuR trafficking may comprise a valid therapeutic option for antagonizing pathologic posttranscriptional gene expression by HuR and furthermore emphasize the potential benefit of HuR inhibitory strategies for treatment of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anke Doller
- Pharmazentrum Frankfurt/ZAFES, Klinikum der Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Amel Badawi
- Pharmazentrum Frankfurt/ZAFES, Klinikum der Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Tobias Schmid
- Institut für Biochemie I (Pathobiochemie), Klinikum der Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Thilo Brauss
- Institut für Biochemie I (Pathobiochemie), Klinikum der Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Thomas Pleli
- Medizinische Klinik 1, Schwerpunkt Gastroenterologie und Hepatologie, Klinikum der Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | | | - Albrecht Piiper
- Medizinische Klinik 1, Schwerpunkt Gastroenterologie und Hepatologie, Klinikum der Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Josef Pfeilschifter
- Pharmazentrum Frankfurt/ZAFES, Klinikum der Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Eberhardt
- Pharmazentrum Frankfurt/ZAFES, Klinikum der Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Frankfurt/Main, Germany.
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Liu Q, Yang P, Tu K, Zhang H, Zheng X, Yao Y, Liu Q. TPX2 knockdown suppressed hepatocellular carcinoma cell invasion via inactivating AKT signaling and inhibiting MMP2 and MMP9 expression. Chin J Cancer Res 2014; 26:410-7. [PMID: 25232213 DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.1000-9604.2014.08.01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2014] [Accepted: 07/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Targeting protein for Xenopus kinesin-like protein 2 (TPX2) is a nuclear proliferation-related protein that plays a critical role in the formation of mitotic spindle. High expression of TPX2 has been observed in several types of tumors. However, the role of TPX2 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains unclear. Our study aimed to investigate the effect of TPX2 on HCC cell invasion. METHODS The immortalized normal human liver cell line L02 and six HCC cell lines including SMMC-7721, BEL-7402, Huh-7, HepG2, Hep3B and SKHep1 were subjected to qRT-PCR and western blot for TPX2 mRNA and protein, respectively. Furthermore, TPX2 small interfering RNA (siRNA) was used to knock down TPX2 expression in SMMC-7721 and HepG2 cells. Cell proliferation and invasion were determined by MTT and transwell assays. Otherwise, expression of p-AKT, MMP2 and MMP9 were evaluated by western blot in SMMC-7721 cells. RESULTS The expression of TPX2 in HCC cell lines was markedly higher than that in normal human liver cell line. TPX2 knockdown using a specific TPX2-siRNA reduced the number of invaded cells and inhibited cell proliferation in SMMC-7721 and HepG2 cells. Furthermore, TPX2 knockdown resulted in inactivation of AKT signaling and down-regulation of MMP2 and MMP9 expression in SMMC-7721 cells. CONCLUSIONS Our study identified that TPX2 might contribute to tumor cell invasion through activating AKT signaling and subsequently increasing MMP2 and MMP9 in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingquan Liu
- 1 Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China ; 2 Department of Hepatic Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Pinghua Yang
- 1 Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China ; 2 Department of Hepatic Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Kangsheng Tu
- 1 Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China ; 2 Department of Hepatic Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Hongyong Zhang
- 1 Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China ; 2 Department of Hepatic Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Xin Zheng
- 1 Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China ; 2 Department of Hepatic Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Yingmin Yao
- 1 Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China ; 2 Department of Hepatic Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Qingguang Liu
- 1 Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China ; 2 Department of Hepatic Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Shanghai 200438, China
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85
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Wang L, Gao S, Jiang W, Luo C, Xu M, Bohlin L, Rosendahl M, Huang W. Antioxidative dietary compounds modulate gene expression associated with apoptosis, DNA repair, inhibition of cell proliferation and migration. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:16226-45. [PMID: 25226533 PMCID: PMC4200804 DOI: 10.3390/ijms150916226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2014] [Revised: 07/21/2014] [Accepted: 08/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Many dietary compounds are known to have health benefits owing to their antioxidative and anti-inflammatory properties. To determine the molecular mechanism of these food-derived compounds, we analyzed their effect on various genes related to cell apoptosis, DNA damage and repair, oxidation and inflammation using in vitro cell culture assays. This review further tests the hypothesis proposed previously that downstream products of COX-2 (cyclooxygenase-2) called electrophilic oxo-derivatives induce antioxidant responsive elements (ARE), which leads to cell proliferation under antioxidative conditions. Our findings support this hypothesis and show that cell proliferation was inhibited when COX-2 was down-regulated by polyphenols and polysaccharides. Flattened macrophage morphology was also observed following the induction of cytokine production by polysaccharides extracted from viili, a traditional Nordic fermented dairy product. Coix lacryma-jobi (coix) polysaccharides were found to reduce mitochondrial membrane potential and induce caspase-3- and 9-mediated apoptosis. In contrast, polyphenols from blueberries were involved in the ultraviolet-activated p53/Gadd45/MDM2 DNA repair system by restoring the cell membrane potential. Inhibition of hypoxia-inducible factor-1 by saponin extracts of ginsenoside (Ginsen) and Gynostemma and inhibition of S100A4 by coix polysaccharides inhibited cancer cell migration and invasion. These observations suggest that antioxidants and changes in cell membrane potential are the major driving forces that transfer signals through the cell membrane into the cytosol and nucleus, triggering gene expression, changes in cell proliferation and the induction of apoptosis or DNA repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Likui Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
| | - Shijuan Gao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
| | - Wei Jiang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
| | - Cheng Luo
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Tartu, Tartu 51010, Estonia.
| | - Maonian Xu
- Department of Food and Environmental Sciences, Division of Food Chemistry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki F-00014, Finland.
| | - Lars Bohlin
- Division of Pharmacognosy, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Biomedical Center University of Uppsala, Uppsala 75123, Sweden.
| | | | - Wenlin Huang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
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86
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Xia S, Ma J, Bai X, Zhang H, Cheng S, Zhang M, Zhang L, Du M, Wang Y, Li H, Rong R, Shi F, Yang Q, Leng J. Prostaglandin E2 promotes the cell growth and invasive ability of hepatocellular carcinoma cells by upregulating c-Myc expression via EP4 receptor and the PKA signaling pathway. Oncol Rep 2014; 32:1521-30. [PMID: 25109834 DOI: 10.3892/or.2014.3393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2014] [Accepted: 07/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) represents a major health problem worldwide. Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), the predominant product of cyclooxygenase-2, has been implicated in hepatocarcinogenesis. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain to be further elucidated. c-myc, a cellular proto-oncogene, is activated or overexpressed in many types of human cancer, including HCC. The present study was designed to investigate the internal relationship and molecular mechanisms between PGE2 and c-Myc in HCC, and to define its role in HCC cell growth and invasion. Our results showed that PGE2 significantly upregulated c-Myc expression at both the mRNA and protein levels, and knockdown of c-Myc blocked PGE2-induced HCC cell growth and invasive ability in human HCC Huh-7 cells. The effect of PGE2 on c-Myc expression was mainly through the EP4 receptor, and EP4 receptor-mediated c-Myc protein upregulation largely depended on de novo biosynthesis of c-Myc mRNA and its protein. EP4 receptor signaling activated GS/AC and increased the intracellular cAMP level in Huh-7 cells. The adenylate cyclase (AC) activator forskolin mimicked the effects of the EP4 receptor agonist on c-Myc expression, while the AC inhibitor SQ22536 reduced EP4 receptor-mediated c-Myc upregulation. These data confirm the involvement of the GS/AC/cAMP pathway in EP4 receptor-mediated c-Myc upregulation. Moreover, the phosphorylation levels of CREB protein were markedly elevated by EP4 receptor signaling, and by using specific inhibitor and siRNA interference, we demonstrated that PKA/CREB was also involved in the EP4 receptor-mediated c-Myc upregulation. In summary, the present study revealed that PGE2 significantly upregulates c-Myc expression at both mRNA and protein levels through the EP4R/GS/AC/cAMP/PKA/CREB signaling pathway, thus promoting cell growth and invasion in HCC cells. Targeting of the PGE2/EP4R/c-Myc pathway may be a new therapeutic strategy to prevent and cure human HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shukai Xia
- Cancer Center, Department of Pathology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Juan Ma
- Cancer Center, Department of Pathology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoming Bai
- Cancer Center, Department of Pathology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Hai Zhang
- Cancer Center, Department of Pathology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Shanyu Cheng
- Cancer Center, Department of Pathology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Min Zhang
- Cancer Center, Department of Pathology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Li Zhang
- Cancer Center, Department of Pathology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Mingzhan Du
- Cancer Center, Department of Pathology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Yipin Wang
- Cancer Center, Department of Pathology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Hai Li
- Cancer Center, Department of Pathology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Rong Rong
- Cancer Center, Department of Pathology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Feng Shi
- Cancer Center, Department of Pathology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Qinyi Yang
- Cancer Center, Department of Pathology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Jing Leng
- Cancer Center, Department of Pathology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
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Takeda K, Kanekura T, Kanzaki T. Negative Feedback Regulation of Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase/Akt Pathway by Over-Expressed Cyclooxygenase-2 in Human Epidermal Cancer Cells. J Dermatol 2014; 31:516-23. [PMID: 15492414 DOI: 10.1111/j.1346-8138.2004.tb00547.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2004] [Accepted: 02/24/2004] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
While enhanced expression of cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 has been observed in human skin epidermal cancer, the mechanisms underlying COX-2 expression have not been completely elucidated. Recently, a role for the phosphatidylinositol-3 (PI3) kinase pathway in COX-2 expression has attracted attention. We investigated COX-2 expression, PI3 kinase activity, and the phosphorylation level of Akt, a downstream effector of PI3 kinase, in the human skin cancer cell line HSC-5. Compared to the nontumorigenic keratinocyte HaCaT, in HSC-5 cells, COX-2 protein expression and PI3 kinase activity were increased. The PI3 kinase inhibitor LY294002 reduced COX-2 expression in HSC-5 cells and, contrary to our expectation, the phosphorylation of Akt was significantly decreased. The expression of Bcl-2, which is regulated by Akt, was reduced, and apoptosis was induced in HSC-5 cells compared to HaCaT cells. COX-2 inhibitor NS398 up-regulated Akt phosphorylation. These results imply that constitutively over-expressed COX-2 down-regulates the Akt phosphorylation through a negative feedback mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koichiro Takeda
- Department of Dermatology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
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88
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Small molecule inhibitors of HCV replication from pomegranate. Sci Rep 2014; 4:5411. [PMID: 24958333 PMCID: PMC4067622 DOI: 10.1038/srep05411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2014] [Accepted: 05/30/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is the causative agent of end-stage liver disease. Recent advances in the last decade in anti HCV treatment strategies have dramatically increased the viral clearance rate. However, several limitations are still associated, which warrant a great need of novel, safe and selective drugs against HCV infection. Towards this objective, we explored highly potent and selective small molecule inhibitors, the ellagitannins, from the crude extract of Pomegranate (Punica granatum) fruit peel. The pure compounds, punicalagin, punicalin, and ellagic acid isolated from the extract specifically blocked the HCV NS3/4A protease activity in vitro. Structural analysis using computational approach also showed that ligand molecules interact with the catalytic and substrate binding residues of NS3/4A protease, leading to inhibition of the enzyme activity. Further, punicalagin and punicalin significantly reduced the HCV replication in cell culture system. More importantly, these compounds are well tolerated ex vivo and‘no observed adverse effect level' (NOAEL) was established upto an acute dose of 5000 mg/kg in BALB/c mice. Additionally, pharmacokinetics study showed that the compounds are bioavailable. Taken together, our study provides a proof-of-concept approach for the potential use of antiviral and non-toxic principle ellagitannins from pomegranate in prevention and control of HCV induced complications.
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89
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Liu L, Zhang J, Li M, Zhang X, Zhang J, Li Z, Wang L, Wu J, Luo C. Inhibition of HepG2 cell proliferation by ursolic acid and polysaccharides via the downregulation of cyclooxygenase-2. Mol Med Rep 2014; 9:2505-11. [PMID: 24638056 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2014.2059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2013] [Accepted: 12/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclooxygenase (COX)-2, a multi-functional molecule, is overexpressed in hepatocellular carcinomas. In order to understand cell proliferation and its association with COX-2 in HepG2 cells in the presence of ursolic acid (UA), viili exopolysaccharides (VEPS) and Astragalus polysaccharides (APS), the cell proliferation, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and metabolic malondialdehyde (MDA) of fatty acids, COX-2, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), as well as apoptotic morphology and rate were investigated. The results revealed that the activities of SOD, COX-2 and PGE2 were reduced, MDA was markedly decreased, apoptotic blebs were induced, and HepG2 cells were accumulated in the G1 and sub G1/apoptotic phases in test groups. The results indicated that UA, VEPS, APS and any combination of these possess anticancer properties, particularly by downregulating COX-2 expression, which may have increased internal oxidation and triggered apoptosis together with a change in internal antioxidant response elements, leading to a reduction in cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Liu
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, School of Food Engineering and Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, P.R. China
| | - Jingkai Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, School of Food Engineering and Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, P.R. China
| | - Meiling Li
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, School of Food Engineering and Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, P.R. China
| | - Xiaohong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, School of Food Engineering and Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, P.R. China
| | - Jinlu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, School of Food Engineering and Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, P.R. China
| | - Zhenjing Li
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, School of Food Engineering and Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, P.R. China
| | - Likui Wang
- Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, P.R. China
| | - Jihui Wu
- School of Life Science, Chinese University of Science and Technology, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P.R. China
| | - Cheng Luo
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, School of Food Engineering and Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, P.R. China
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90
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Prostaglandin E2 accelerates invasion by upregulating Snail in hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Tumour Biol 2014; 35:7135-45. [PMID: 24760275 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-014-1963-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2014] [Accepted: 04/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Our previous studies showed that prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) promotes hepatoma cell growth and migration, as well as invasion; however, the precise mechanism remains elusive. Snail and p65 protein levels were detected in human samples with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) by immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining. HCC cell lines (Huh-7 and Hep3B) were used for in vitro experiments. PGE2/Akt/NF-κB pathway was investigated in Huh-7 and Hep3B cells after treatment with PGE2, EP4 receptor (EP4R) agonist, Akt inhibitor, and NF-κB inhibitor, respectively, by real-time reverse transcription (RT)-PCR, Western blotting, and immunofluorescence (IF) staining. In vitro cell invasion assay was performed to evaluate the effect of PGE2 on tumor invasiveness. Knockdown of EP4R was carried out in Huh-7 cells through plasmid-based small interfering RNA (siRNA) approach to confirm the regulation of PGE2 on Snail by EP4R. Dual luciferase reporter assay was performed to assess Snail promoter activity in Huh-7 cell after treatment with EP4R agonist. We found that the protein levels of Snail were higher in HCC tissues than those in control and that PGE2 and EP4R agonist treatment significantly increased Snail expression in Huh-7 and Hep3B cells. EP4R agonist also profoundly promoted invasiveness of Huh-7 cells. Knockdown of the EP4R by siRNA completely blocked the PGE2-induced upregulation of Snail expression and reduced invasiveness of Huh-7 cells. We failed to find that EP4R-induced upregulation of Snail was reversed by inhibition of cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB), a canonical downstream target of EP4R. Alternatively, EP4R agonist treatment significantly increased the levels of phosphorylated EGFR and Akt both in Huh-7 and Hep3B cells. AG1478, an EGFR inhibitor, blocked the phosphorylation of Akt. The levels of phosphorylated IκB increased in Huh-7 cells after treatment with EP4R agonist for 30 min. The levels of phosphorylated p65 started to increase in Huh-7 cells treated with EP4R agonist for 4 h, and p65 translocated into the nucleus. In EP4R-agonist-treated Hep3B, the levels of phosphorylated p65 were also increased compared to the control group. The phosphorylation levels of p65 were significantly decreased in Huh-7 and Hep3B cells after treatment with the Akt signaling inhibitor LY294002 and EP4R agonist for 24 h. Treatment with the NF-κB inhibitor pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC) at 10 μM for 24 h blocked EP4R-agonist-induced Snail upregulation in Huh-7 and Hep3B cells. Furthermore, we obtained human Snail promoter sequence from TRED-Promoter Database and identified a putative binding site of NF-κB in the sequence through TFSEARCH analysis. Subsequently, we treated Huh-7 cells with EP4R agonist or EP4R agonist and PDTC (NF-κB antagonist) and found significantly increased Snail promoter activity after EP4R agonist treatment for 12 h. The increased Snail promoter activity could be partially abolished by additional PDTC treatment. In addition, p65 protein levels were found increased together with Snail in HCC tissues compared to normal liver tissues. In conclusion, PGE2 activates Akt/NF-κB signaling and then upregulates Snail via the EP4R/EGFR to promote migration and invasion in hepatoma cells. These findings may help future evaluation of novel chemo-preventive strategies for HCC.
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91
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Li J, Xue L, Hao H, Li R, Luo J. Rapamycin combined with celecoxib enhanced antitumor effects of mono treatment on chronic myelogenous leukemia cells through downregulating mTOR pathway. Tumour Biol 2014; 35:6467-74. [PMID: 24682932 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-014-1820-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2013] [Accepted: 03/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic myelogenous leukemia is a neoplasm of myeloid progenitor cells. We recently found that rapamycin could induce G0/G1 phase arrest and apoptosis and inhibit proliferation of K562 cells through inhibiting mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway. However, whether rapamycin has synergistic effects with other drugs in chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) therapies remain unclear. Therefore, we examined the effect of rapamycin combined with celecoxib on K562 cells in vitro. The survival rates showed a significant decrease in rapamycin + celecoxib treatment group. The combination treatment also increased the G0/G1 phase cells as compared to rapamycin or celecoxib treatment alone (P < 0.05), accompanied with the decreased population of S phase cells. Meanwhile, the rate of apoptosis was 15.87 ± 2.21 % in rapamycin + celecoxib treatment group, significantly higher than that in mono treatment group (P < 0.05). Western blot and reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR) analysis showed that the expressions of mTOR, 4E-BP1, and p70S6K were all significantly decreased in K562 cells after rapamycin + celecoxib treatment (P < 0.05). In conclusion, rapamycin combined with celecoxib could induce cell cycle arrest and apoptosis and decrease the expressions of mTOR, 4E-BP1, and p70S6K. It suggested that the combination could enhance the antitumor effects of mono treatment on CML cells through downregulating mTOR pathway.
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MESH Headings
- Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/administration & dosage
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Celecoxib
- Cell Cycle Checkpoints/drug effects
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/drug effects
- Humans
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/genetics
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/pathology
- Phosphorylation/drug effects
- Pyrazoles/administration & dosage
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- Sirolimus/administration & dosage
- Sulfonamides/administration & dosage
- TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases/biosynthesis
- TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Li
- Department of Hematology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, 050000, China
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Cheng SY, Zhang H, Zhang M, Xia SK, Bai XM, Zhang L, Ma J, Rong R, Wang YP, Du MZ, Wang J, Chen M, Shi F, Yang QY, Leng J. Prostaglandin E₂ receptor EP2 mediates Snail expression in hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Oncol Rep 2014; 31:2099-106. [PMID: 24626807 DOI: 10.3892/or.2014.3074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2013] [Accepted: 02/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) has been shown to influence cell invasion and metastasis in several types of cancer, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). however, the molecular mechanisms underlying it remain to be further elucidated. Snail, as one of key inducers of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), plays pivotal roles in HCC invasion and metastasis. The present study was designed to evaluate the possible signaling pathways through which PGE2 regulates Snail protein expression in HCC cell lines. PGE2 markedly enhanced Huh-7 cell invasion and migration ability by upregulating the expression level of Snail protein, and EP2 receptor played an important role in this process. Src, EGFR, Akt and mTOR were all activated and involved in the regulation of snail protein expression. Our findings suggest that PGE2 could upregulate the expression level of Snail protein through the EP2/Src/EGFR/Akt/mTOR pathway in Huh-7 cells, which promotes HCC cell invasion and migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan-Yu Cheng
- Cancer Center, Department of Pathology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Hai Zhang
- Cancer Center, Department of Pathology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Min Zhang
- Cancer Center, Department of Pathology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Shu-Kai Xia
- Cancer Center, Department of Pathology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Ming Bai
- Cancer Center, Department of Pathology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Li Zhang
- Cancer Center, Department of Pathology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Juan Ma
- Cancer Center, Department of Pathology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Rong Rong
- Cancer Center, Department of Pathology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Yi-Pin Wang
- Cancer Center, Department of Pathology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Ming-Zhan Du
- Cancer Center, Department of Pathology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Jie Wang
- Cancer Center, Department of Pathology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Meng Chen
- Cancer Center, Department of Pathology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Feng Shi
- Cancer Center, Department of Pathology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Qin-Yi Yang
- Cancer Center, Department of Pathology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Jing Leng
- Cancer Center, Department of Pathology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
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93
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Bai X, Yang Q, Shu W, Wang J, Zhang L, Ma J, Xia S, Zhang M, Cheng S, Wang Y, Leng J. Prostaglandin E2 upregulates β1 integrin expression via the E prostanoid 1 receptor/nuclear factor κ-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells pathway in non-small-cell lung cancer cells. Mol Med Rep 2014; 9:1729-36. [PMID: 24584670 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2014.2000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2013] [Accepted: 02/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) E prostanoid (EP)1 receptor shown to be associated with lung cancer cell invasion. However, the mechanism of EP1 receptor-mediated cell migration remains to be elucidated. β1 integrin is an essential regulator of the tumorigenic properties of non-small-cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) cells. To date, little is known regarding the association between the EP1 receptor and β1 integrin expression. The present study investigated the effect of EP1 receptor activation on β1 integrin expression and cell migration in NSCLC cells. A total of 34 patients with clinical diagnosis of NSCLC and 10 patients with benign disease were recruited for the present study. The expression levels of the EP1 receptor and β1 integrin expression were studied in resected lung tissue using immunohistochemistry. A statistical analysis was performed using Stata se12.0 software. The effects of PGE2, EP1 agonist 17-phenyl trinor-PGE2 (17-PT-PGE2) and the nuclear factor κ-B (NF-κB) inhibitor on β1 integrin expression were investigated on A549 cells. The expression of β1 integrin and the phosphorylation of NF-κB‑p65 Ser536 was investigated by western blot analysis. Cell migration was assessed by a transwell assay. The results demonstrated that β1 integrin and EP1 receptor expression exhibited a positive correlation of evident significance in the 44 samples. The in vitro migration assay revealed that cell migration was increased by 30% when the cells were treated with 5 µM 17-PT-PGE2 and that the pre-treatment of β1 integrin monoclonal antibody inhibited 17-PT-PGE2‑mediated cell migration completely. PGE2 and 17-PT-PGE2 treatment increased β1 integrin expression. RNA interference against the EP1 receptor blocked the PGE2-mediated β1 integrin expression in A549 cells. Treatment with 17-PT-PGE2 induced NF-κB activation, and the selective NF-κB inhibitor pyrrolidinedithiocarbamate inhibited 17-PT-PGE2-mediated β1 integrin expression. In conclusion, the present study indicated that the PGE2 EP1 receptor regulates β1 integrin expression and cell migration in NSCLC cells by activating the NF-κB signaling pathway. Targeting the PGE2/EP1/β1 integrin signaling pathway may aid in the development of new therapeutic strategies for the prevention and treatment of this type of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoming Bai
- Cancer Center, Department of Pathology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Qinyi Yang
- Cancer Center, Department of Pathology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Wei Shu
- Department of Periodontal, Institute of Stomatology, The Stomatological Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Jie Wang
- Department of Pathology, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Li Zhang
- Cancer Center, Department of Pathology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Juan Ma
- Cancer Center, Department of Pathology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Shukai Xia
- Cancer Center, Department of Pathology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Min Zhang
- Cancer Center, Department of Pathology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Shanyu Cheng
- Cancer Center, Department of Pathology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Yipin Wang
- Cancer Center, Department of Pathology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Jing Leng
- Cancer Center, Department of Pathology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
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94
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Jang ES, Yoon JH, Lee SH, Lee SM, Lee JH, Yu SJ, Kim YJ, Lee HS, Kim CY. Sodium taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide mediates dual actions of deoxycholic acid in human hepatocellular carcinoma cells: enhanced apoptosis versus growth stimulation. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2013; 140:133-44. [DOI: 10.1007/s00432-013-1554-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2013] [Accepted: 11/14/2013] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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95
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Impact of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs on gastrointestinal cancers: current state-of-the science. Cancer Lett 2013; 345:249-57. [PMID: 24021750 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2013.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2013] [Revised: 08/28/2013] [Accepted: 09/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Growing evidence from epidemiologic and preclinical studies suggests that nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) reduce the risk of gastrointestinal (GI) cancers, including esophageal, gastric, pancreatic, colorectal cancer, and hepatocellular carcinoma. However, there is also evidence indicating the absence of this benefit. The exact mechanism of NSAIDs' action on GI tumors is not known. Although some studies have suggested inhibition of carcinogenesis by NSAIDs through suppression effect on inflammation-associated cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression, other studies have suggested COX-2-independent mechanisms. Herein, we summarize the current state of-the-science regarding NSAID benefit for patients with GI cancers.
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96
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Histone acetyltransferase PCAF up-regulated cell apoptosis in hepatocellular carcinoma via acetylating histone H4 and inactivating AKT signaling. Mol Cancer 2013; 12:96. [PMID: 23981651 PMCID: PMC3847488 DOI: 10.1186/1476-4598-12-96] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2013] [Accepted: 08/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND PCAF is an important intrinsic histone acetyltransferases. This study tried to establish the effect of PCAF on HCC cell apoptosis. METHOD Both in vitro and in vivo experiments including IHC, DAPI staining, caspase 3/7 activity assay, BrdU assay, MTT assay, western immunoblotting and co-immunoprecipitation were used here. RESULTS PCAF was found to be expressed at the low level in most of HCC cell lines. PCAF overexpression induced cell apoptosis and growth arrest with increased Histone H4 acetylation and inactivation of AKT signaling in Huh7 and HepG2 cells. The opposite results were obtained by silencing PCAF in Hep3B cells. The co-immunoprecipitation assay confirmed that PCAF protein was bound with histone H4 protein in the nucleus of Hep3B cells. Finally, the in vivo experiment confirmed the findings mentioned-above. CONCLUSION These data identified PCAF promotes cell apoptosis and functions as a HCC repressor through acetylating histone H4 and inactivating AKT signaling.
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97
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Involvement of the prostaglandin E receptor EP2 in paeoniflorin-induced human hepatoma cell apoptosis. Anticancer Drugs 2013; 24:140-9. [PMID: 23069790 DOI: 10.1097/cad.0b013e32835a4dac] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) has been shown to play an important role in tumor development and progression. PGE2 mediates its biological activity by binding any one of four prostanoid receptors (EP1 through EP4). The present study was designed to determine the role of the EP2 receptor during the proliferation and apoptosis of human HepG2 and SMMC-7721 hepatoma cell lines and the effect of paeoniflorin, a monoterpene glycoside. The proliferation of HepG2 and SMMC-7721 cells was determined by methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium after exposure to the selective EP2 receptor agonists butaprost and paeoniflorin. Apoptosis of HepG2 and SMMC-7721 cells was also quantified by flow cytometry with annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate and propidium iodide staining. The expression levels of Bcl-2 and Bax were quantified by western blotting and immunohistochemistry. The expression of the EP2 receptor and cysteine-aspartic acid protease (caspase)-3 was determined by western blotting. Butaprost significantly increased proliferation in HepG2 and SMMC-7721 cells. Paeoniflorin significantly inhibited the proliferation of HepG2 and SMMC-7721 cells stimulated by butaprost at multiple time points (24, 48, and 72 h). Paeoniflorin induced apoptosis in HepG2 and SMMC-7721 cells, which was quantified by annexin-V and propidium iodide staining. Our results indicate that the expression of the EP2 receptor and Bcl-2 was significantly increased, whereas that of Bax and cleaved caspase-3 was decreased in HepG2 and SMMC-7721 cells after stimulation by butaprost. Paeoniflorin significantly decreased the expression of the EP2 receptor and Bcl-2 and increased Bax and caspase-3 activation in HepG2 and SMMC-7721 cells on addition of butaprost. Our results show that the PGE2 receptor subtype EP2 may play a vital role in the survival of both HepG2 and SMMC-7721 cells. Paeoniflorin, which may be a promising agent in the treatment of liver cancer, induced apoptosis in hepatocellular carcinoma cells by downregulating EP2 expression and also increased the Bax-to-Bcl-2 ratio, thus upregulating the activation of caspase-3.
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98
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Abrahão AC, Giudice FS, Sperandio FF, Pinto Junior DDS. Effects of celecoxib treatment over the AKT pathway in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. J Oral Pathol Med 2013; 42:793-8. [DOI: 10.1111/jop.12081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aline Corrêa Abrahão
- Department of Oral Pathology; School of Dentistry; University of São Paulo; São Paulo Brazil
- Department of Pathology and Oral Diagnosis; School of Dentistry; Federal University of Rio de Janeiro; Rio de Janeiro Brazil
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99
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Chen Z, Liu M, Liu X, Huang S, Li L, Song B, Li H, Ren Q, Hu Z, Zhou Y, Qiao L. COX-2 regulates E-cadherin expression through the NF-κB/Snail signaling pathway in gastric cancer. Int J Mol Med 2013; 32:93-100. [PMID: 23670240 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2013.1376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2013] [Accepted: 05/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) participates in cancer invasion and metastasis by decreasing the expression of E-cadherin. However, the molecular mechanisms through which COX-2 regulates E-cadherin expression and function have not yet been fully elucidated. The aim of this study was to investigate the possible molecular mechanisms through which COX-2 regulates E-cadherin expression in gastric cancer. The mRNA and protein expression of COX-2, nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), Snail and E-cadherin was detected in gastric cancer cells by quantitative PCR and western blot analysis, respectively. The expression of these genes was also detected in healthy gastric mucosa and gastric cancer tissues by immunohistochemistry. We detected various levels of COX-2, nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), Snail and E-cadherin expression in the normal gastric mucosa and cancer tissues; however, the expression patterns differed: the increased expression of COX-2, NF-κB and Snail was observed in the gastric cancer tissues, whereas there was a considerable reduction in E-cadherin expression in the cancer tissues compared to the normal gastric mucosa. The expression patterns of COX-2, NF-κB and Snail were similar. The increased expression of COX-2 in the gastric cancer tissues closely correlated with the increased expression of NF-κB and Snail, but inversely correlated with the expression of E-cadherin. Treatment of the SGC7901 cells (which express high levels of COX-2) with celecoxib, a COX-2 inhibitor, not only led to a marked dose- and time-dependent decrease in the expression of COX-2, NF-κB and Snail, but also led to a significant increase in the expression of E-cadherin, and this was associated with a reduction in cell invasion. By contrast, the same treatment did not alter the expression of these genes in another gastric cancer cell line, MGC803 (which barely expresses COX-2). These data suggest that COX-2 regulates the expression of E-cadherin through the NF-κB and Snail signaling pathway in gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaofeng Chen
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, P.R. China
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100
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Bai X, Wang J, Zhang L, Ma J, Zhang H, Xia S, Zhang M, Ma X, Guo Y, Rong R, Cheng S, Shu W, Wang Y, Leng J. Prostaglandin E₂ receptor EP1-mediated phosphorylation of focal adhesion kinase enhances cell adhesion and migration in hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Int J Oncol 2013; 42:1833-41. [PMID: 23525457 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2013.1859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2012] [Accepted: 02/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The prostaglandin E₂ (PGE₂) EP1 receptor has been implicated in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell invasion. However, little is known about the mechanisms of EP1 receptor-mediated cell adhesion and migration. We previously showed that PGE₂ promotes cell adhesion and migration by activating focal adhesion kinase (FAK). The present study was designed to elucidate the association between the EP1 receptor and FAK activation in HCC cells and to investigate the related signaling pathways. The effects of PGE₂, EP1 agonist 17-phenyl trinor-PGE₂ (17-PT-PGE₂), PKC and EGFR inhibitors on FAK activation were investigated by treatment of Huh-7 cells. Phosphorylation of FAK Y397 and c-Src Y416 was investigated by western blotting. Cell adhesion and migration were analyzed by WST and transwell assays, respectively. Protein kinase C (PKC) activity was measured with a PKC assay kit. The results showed that 17-PT-PGE₂ (3 µM) increased FAK Y397 phosphorylation by more than 2-fold and promoted cell adhesion and migration in Huh-7 cells. In transfected 293 cells, expression of the EP1 receptor was confirmed to upregulate FAK phosphorylation, while the EP1 receptor antagonist sc-19220 decreased PGE₂-mediated FAK activation. PKC activity and c-Src Y416 phosphorylation were enhanced after 17-PT-PGE₂ treatment. Both PKC and c-Src inhibitor suppressed the 17-PT-PGE₂-upregulated FAK phosphorylation, as well as 17-PT-PGE₂-induced cell adhesion and migration. In addition, exogenous epidermal growth factor (EGF) treatment increased FAK phosphorylation. The EGF receptor (EGFR) inhibitor also suppressed 17-PT-PGE₂-upregulated FAK phosphorylation. Our study suggests that the PGE₂ EP1 receptor regulates FAK phosphorylation by activating the PKC/c-Src and EGFR signal pathways, which may coordinately regulate adhesion and migration in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoming Bai
- Cancer Center, Department of Pathology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, PR China
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