51
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Higley DJ, Winters DG, Bartels RA. Two-dimensional spatial-frequency-modulated imaging through parallel acquisition of line images. OPTICS LETTERS 2013; 38:1763-5. [PMID: 23722736 DOI: 10.1364/ol.38.001763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
This Letter demonstrates a two-dimensional imaging technique that uses a line scan camera to resolve one spatial dimension and temporal modulation to resolve the perpendicular dimension. A temporal intensity modulation, which increases linearly in frequency along one direction is applied to an illumination beam. The modulated light distribution is imaged onto an object then onto a line scan camera oriented perpendicularly to the direction of the modulation sweep. A line diffuser is placed shortly before the line scan camera and diffuses light along the direction of modulation so that each pixel collects all modulation frequencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Higley
- Photonic Microsystems Group, Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
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52
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Stender AS, Marchuk K, Liu C, Sander S, Meyer MW, Smith EA, Neupane B, Wang G, Li J, Cheng JX, Huang B, Fang N. Single cell optical imaging and spectroscopy. Chem Rev 2013; 113:2469-527. [PMID: 23410134 PMCID: PMC3624028 DOI: 10.1021/cr300336e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Anthony S. Stender
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University and Ames Laboratory, U. S. Department of Energy, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Kyle Marchuk
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University and Ames Laboratory, U. S. Department of Energy, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Chang Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University and Ames Laboratory, U. S. Department of Energy, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Suzanne Sander
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University and Ames Laboratory, U. S. Department of Energy, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Matthew W. Meyer
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University and Ames Laboratory, U. S. Department of Energy, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Emily A. Smith
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University and Ames Laboratory, U. S. Department of Energy, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Bhanu Neupane
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Gufeng Wang
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Junjie Li
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907
| | - Ji-Xin Cheng
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907
| | - Bo Huang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158
| | - Ning Fang
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University and Ames Laboratory, U. S. Department of Energy, Ames, IA 50011, USA
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Abstract
Multiphoton microscopy has enabled unprecedented dynamic exploration in living organisms. A significant challenge in biological research is the dynamic imaging of features deep within living organisms, which permits the real-time analysis of cellular structure and function. To make progress in our understanding of biological machinery, optical microscopes must be capable of rapid, targeted access deep within samples at high resolution. In this Review, we discuss the basic architecture of a multiphoton microscope capable of such analysis and summarize the state-of-the-art technologies for the quantitative imaging of biological phenomena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erich E. Hoover
- Center for Microintegrated Optics for Advanced Bioimaging and Control, Colorado School of Mines, 1523 Illinois Street, Golden, Colorado 80401, USA
- Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, 1523 Illinois Street, Golden, Colorado 80401, USA
| | - Jeff A. Squier
- Center for Microintegrated Optics for Advanced Bioimaging and Control, Colorado School of Mines, 1523 Illinois Street, Golden, Colorado 80401, USA
- Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, 1523 Illinois Street, Golden, Colorado 80401, USA
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54
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Bertz A, Ehlers JE, Wöhl-Bruhn S, Bunjes H, Gericke KH, Menzel H. Mobility of Green Fluorescent Protein in Hydrogel-Based Drug-Delivery Systems Studied by Anisotropy and Fluorescence Recovery After Photobleaching. Macromol Biosci 2012; 13:215-26. [DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201200325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2012] [Revised: 10/30/2012] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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Higley DJ, Winters DG, Futia GL, Bartels RA. Theory of diffraction effects in spatial frequency-modulated imaging. JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA. A, OPTICS, IMAGE SCIENCE, AND VISION 2012; 29:2579-2590. [PMID: 23455907 DOI: 10.1364/josaa.29.002579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
An analytic theory describing the effects of diffraction and aberrations on single-pixel imaging performed by temporally modulating illumination light is presented. This method encodes spatial information using sinusoidal temporal modulations that are chirped in frequency across the extent of an illumination line focus. With some approximations, a point spread function relationship as a function of defocus or other aberrations is found for both spatially coherent and incoherent cases. The theory is validated through experiments and simulations, including measurement of the transverse and longitudinal optical transfer function, and confirmation of insensitivity to aberrations and significant optical scattering after encoding of spatial information through temporal modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Higley
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA
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56
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Young MD, Backus S, Durfee C, Squier J. Multiphoton imaging with a direct-diode pumped femtosecond Ti:sapphire laser. J Microsc 2012. [PMID: 23189919 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2818.2012.03688.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A direct-diode pumped Ti:sapphire femtosecond oscillator is used to perform multiphoton imaging for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael D Young
- Colorado School of Mines, Department of Physics, Golden, Colorado, USA.
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57
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Adur J, Pelegati VB, de Thomaz AA, D'Souza-Li L, Assunção MDC, Bottcher-Luiz F, Andrade LALA, Cesar CL. Quantitative changes in human epithelial cancers and osteogenesis imperfecta disease detected using nonlinear multicontrast microscopy. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2012; 17:081407-1. [PMID: 23224168 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.17.8.081407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
We show that combined multimodal nonlinear optical (NLO) microscopies, including two-photon excitation fluorescence, second-harmonic generation (SHG), third harmonic generation, and fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) can be used to detect morphological and metabolic changes associated with stroma and epithelial transformation during the progression of cancer and osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) disease. NLO microscopes provide complementary information about tissue microstructure, showing distinctive patterns for different types of human breast cancer, mucinous ovarian tumors, and skin dermis of patients with OI. Using a set of scoring methods (anisotropy, correlation, uniformity, entropy, and lifetime components), we found significant differences in the content, distribution and organization of collagen fibrils in the stroma of breast and ovary as well as in the dermis of skin. We suggest that our results provide a framework for using NLO techniques as a clinical diagnostic tool for human cancer and OI. We further suggest that the SHG and FLIM metrics described could be applied to other connective or epithelial tissue disorders that are characterized by abnormal cells proliferation and collagen assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Adur
- State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), "Gleb Wataghin" Institute of Physics, Optics and Photonics Research Center, Biomedical Lasers Application Laboratory, Brazil.
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58
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Smith DR, Winters DG, Schlup P, Bartels RA. Hilbert reconstruction of phase-shifted second-harmonic holographic images. OPTICS LETTERS 2012; 37:2052-2054. [PMID: 22660118 DOI: 10.1364/ol.37.002052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
New techniques are presented that make phase-shifting holography viable for second-harmonic generation (SHG) holography with weak object fields. We developed an intrinsic phase shift calibration of SHG holograms, an algorithm that extracts the reference and object intensity directly from a set of phase-shifted holographic data, and a more robust phase-shifting holography reconstruction algorithm based on π-shifted hologram pairs that permits self-calibration of the phase shift and recovery of the complex field through a Hilbert transform.
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Affiliation(s)
- David R Smith
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA
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59
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Pelegati VB, Adur J, De Thomaz AA, Almeida DB, Baratti MO, Andrade LALA, Bottcher-luiz F, Cesar CL. Harmonic optical microscopy and fluorescence lifetime imaging platform for multimodal imaging. Microsc Res Tech 2012; 75:1383-94. [DOI: 10.1002/jemt.22078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2011] [Accepted: 04/28/2012] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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60
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Petzold U, Büchel A, Halfmann T. Effects of laser polarization and interface orientation in harmonic generation microscopy. OPTICS EXPRESS 2012; 20:3654-3662. [PMID: 22418124 DOI: 10.1364/oe.20.003654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
We present systematic experimental investigations on the effects of laser polarization and interface orientation in second and third harmonic generation microscopy. We find that the laser polarization has no measurable effect on signal strength and resolution in third harmonic microscopy, while the second harmonic strongly depends upon the polarization direction of the driving laser. Moreover, we observe a strong effect of the interface orientation with respect to the laser beam direction-both in second and third harmonic generation. This affects the signal strength, as well as the obtained transversal and longitudinal resolution in microscopic imaging. As an (on the first glance) surprising feature, also surfaces parallel to the optical axis of the laser beam yield strong harmonic signal. This enables applications of harmonic microscopy in specific geometries. As an example we monitor the flow of immiscible microfluids in lateral cut by third harmonic microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uwe Petzold
- Institut für Angewandte Physik, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Hochschulstraße 6, D-64289 Darmstadt, Germany.
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61
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Roche Y, Cao-Hoang L, Perrier-Cornet JM, Waché Y. Advanced fluorescence technologies help to resolve long-standing questions about microbial vitality. Biotechnol J 2012; 7:608-19. [PMID: 22253212 DOI: 10.1002/biot.201100344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2011] [Revised: 11/11/2011] [Accepted: 12/06/2011] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Advances in fundamental physical and optical principles applied to novel fluorescence methods are currently resulting in rapid progress in cell biology and physiology. Instrumentation devised in pioneering laboratories is becoming commercially available, and study findings are now becoming accessible. The first results have concerned mainly higher eukaryotic cells but many more developments can be expected, especially in microbiology. Until now, some important problems of cell physiology have been difficult to investigate due to interactions between probes and cells, excretion of probes from cells and the inability to make in situ observations deep within the cell, within tissues and structures. These technologies will enable microbiologists to address these topics. This Review aims at introducing the limits of current physiology evaluation techniques, the principles of new fluorescence technologies and examples of their use in this field of research for evaluating the physiological state of cells in model media, biofilms or tissue environments. Perspectives on new imaging technologies, such as super-resolution imaging and non-linear highly sensitive Raman microscopy, are also discussed. This review also serves as a reference to those wishing to explore how fluorescence technologies can be used to understand basic cell physiology in microbial systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yann Roche
- Laboratory GPMA, IFR92, Université de Bourgogne & AgroSup Dijon, Dijon, France.
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62
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Tokarz D, Cisek R, Garbaczewska M, Sandkuijl D, Qiu X, Stewart B, Levine JD, Fekl U, Barzda V. Carotenoid based bio-compatible labels for third harmonic generation microscopy. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2012; 14:10653-61. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cp41583f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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63
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Field JJ, Sheetz KE, Chandler EV, Hoover EE, Young MD, Ding SY, Sylvester AW, Kleinfeld D, Squier JA. Differential Multiphoton Laser Scanning Microscopy. IEEE JOURNAL OF SELECTED TOPICS IN QUANTUM ELECTRONICS : A PUBLICATION OF THE IEEE LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS SOCIETY 2012; 18:14-28. [PMID: 27390511 PMCID: PMC4932844 DOI: 10.1109/jstqe.2010.2077622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Multifocal multiphoton microscopy (MMM) in the biological and medical sciences has become an important tool for obtaining high resolution images at video rates. While current implementations of MMM achieve very high frame rates, they are limited in their applicability to essentially those biological samples that exhibit little or no scattering. In this paper, we report on a method for MMM in which imaging detection is not necessary (single element point detection is implemented), and is therefore fully compatible for use in imaging through scattering media. Further, we demonstrate that this method leads to a new type of MMM wherein it is possible to simultaneously obtain multiple images and view differences in excitation parameters in a single shot.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey J. Field
- Center for Microintegrated Optics for Advanced Bioimaging
and Control, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401,
USA
| | - Kraig E. Sheetz
- Department of Physics and Nuclear Engineering, United
States Military Academy, West Point, NY 10996, USA
| | - Eric V. Chandler
- Center for Microintegrated Optics for Advanced Bioimaging
and Control, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401,
USA
| | - Erich E. Hoover
- Center for Microintegrated Optics for Advanced Bioimaging
and Control, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401,
USA
| | - Michael D. Young
- Center for Microintegrated Optics for Advanced Bioimaging
and Control, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401,
USA
| | - Shi-you Ding
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 1617 Cole Boulevard,
Golden, CO 80401, USA
| | - Anne W. Sylvester
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Wyoming,
Laramie, WY 82071, USA
| | - David Kleinfeld
- Department of Physics, Graduate Program in Neuroscience,
Center for Neural Circuits and Behavior, University of California at San Diego, La
Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Jeff A. Squier
- Center for Microintegrated Optics for Advanced Bioimaging
and Control, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401,
USA
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64
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Domke KF, Riemer TA, Rago G, Parvulescu AN, Bruijnincx PCA, Enejder A, Weckhuysen BM, Bonn M. Tracing catalytic conversion on single zeolite crystals in 3D with nonlinear spectromicroscopy. J Am Chem Soc 2011; 134:1124-9. [PMID: 22118571 DOI: 10.1021/ja2088025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The cost- and material-efficient development of next-generation catalysts would benefit greatly from a molecular-level understanding of the interaction between reagents and catalysts in chemical conversion processes. Here, we trace the conversion of alkene and glycol in single zeolite catalyst particles with unprecedented chemical and spatial resolution. Combined nonlinear Raman and two-photon fluorescence spectromicroscopies reveal that alkene activation constitutes the first reaction step toward glycol etherification and allow us to determine the activation enthalpy of the resulting carbocation formation. Considerable inhomogeneities in local reactivity are observed for micrometer-sized catalyst particles. Product ether yields observed on the catalyst are ca. 5 times higher than those determined off-line. Our findings are relevant for other heterogeneous catalytic processes and demonstrate the immense potential of novel nonlinear spectromicroscopies for catalysis research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin F Domke
- FOM Institute AMOLF, Science Park 104, NL-1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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65
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Cho HJ, Chun HJ, Kim ES, Cho BR. Multiphoton microscopy: An introduction to gastroenterologists. World J Gastroenterol 2011; 17:4456-60. [PMID: 22110275 PMCID: PMC3218135 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v17.i40.4456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2010] [Revised: 03/02/2011] [Accepted: 03/09/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiphoton microscopy, relying on the simultaneous absorption of two or more photons by a fluorophore, has come to occupy a prominent place in modern biomedical research with its ability to allow real-time observation of a single cell and molecules in intact tissues. Multiphoton microscopy exhibits nonlinear optical contrast properties, which can make it possible to provide an exceptionally large depth penetration with less phototoxicity. This system becomes more and more an inspiring tool for a non-invasive imaging system to realize “optical biopsy” and to examine the functions of living cells. In this review, we briefly present the physical principles and properties of multiphoton microscopy as well as the current applications in biological fields. In addition, we address what we see as the future potential of multiphoton microscopy for gastroenterologic research.
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66
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Advances in multiphoton microscopy for imaging embryos. Curr Opin Genet Dev 2011; 21:538-48. [PMID: 21917444 DOI: 10.1016/j.gde.2011.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2011] [Revised: 08/08/2011] [Accepted: 08/12/2011] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Multiphoton imaging is a promising approach for addressing current issues in systems biology and high-content investigation of embryonic development. Recent advances in multiphoton microscopy, including light-sheet illumination, optimized laser scanning, adaptive and label-free strategies, open new opportunities for embryo imaging. However, the literature is often unclear about which microscopy technique is most adapted for achieving specific experimental goals. In this review, we describe and discuss the key concepts of imaging speed, imaging depth, photodamage, and nonlinear contrast mechanisms in the context of recent advances in live embryo imaging. We illustrate the potentials of these new imaging approaches with a selection of recent applications in developmental biology.
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67
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Herbrich S, Gehder M, Krull R, Gericke KH. Label-free spatial analysis of free and enzyme-bound NAD(P)H in the presence of high concentrations of melanin. J Fluoresc 2011; 22:349-55. [PMID: 21894494 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-011-0965-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2011] [Accepted: 08/30/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The analysis of autofluorescence, often regarded as undesired noise during the imaging of biological samples, allows label free, unbiased detection of NAD(P)H and melanin in native samples. Because both the emission and absorption spectra of these fluorophores overlap and they can hence not be differentiated using emission filters or with different excitation wavelengths, fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) is used to differentiate between them. In the present paper the application of two-photon excitation microscopy is presented to investigate the autofluorescence of fungal spores. The model organism which was examined is Aspergillus ochraceus. Furthermore a strategy is developed which allows to quantitatively analyze the fluorescence lifetimes of melanin, free NAD(P)H and protein-bound NAD(P)H using forward convolution of a multiexponential decay function with the instrument response function (IRF) and subsequent fitting to the experimental fluorescence data. As a consequence proteins, which are able to bind NAD(P)H, are located with sub-cellular resolution. Furthermore a spatial differentiation of the fluorophores NAD(P)H and melanin inside the spores, is revealed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Herbrich
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Hans-Sommerstraße 10, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany
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68
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Strachan CJ, Windbergs M, Offerhaus HL. Pharmaceutical applications of non-linear imaging. Int J Pharm 2011; 417:163-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2010.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2010] [Revised: 12/14/2010] [Accepted: 12/15/2010] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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69
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Brown CP, Houle MA, Chen M, Price AJ, Légaré F, Gill HS. Damage initiation and progression in the cartilage surface probed by nonlinear optical microscopy. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2011; 5:62-70. [PMID: 22100080 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2011.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2011] [Revised: 08/11/2011] [Accepted: 08/15/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
With increasing interest in treating osteoarthritis at its earliest stages, it has become important to understand the mechanisms by which the disease progresses across a joint. Here, second harmonic generation (SHG) microscopy, coupled with a two-dimensional spring-mass network model, was used to image and investigate the collagen meshwork architecture at the cartilage surface surrounding osteoarthritic lesions. We found that minor weakening of the collagen meshwork leads to the bundling of fibrils at the surface under normal loading. This bundling appears to be an irreversible step in the degradation process, as the stress concentrations drive the progression of damage, forming larger bundles and cracks that eventually form lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- C P Brown
- Botnar Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, United Kingdom.
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70
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Tkaczyk ER, Tkaczyk AH. Multiphoton flow cytometry strategies and applications. Cytometry A 2011; 79:775-88. [DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.21110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2011] [Revised: 06/15/2011] [Accepted: 06/27/2011] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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71
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Deep and fast live imaging with two-photon scanned light-sheet microscopy. Nat Methods 2011; 8:757-60. [DOI: 10.1038/nmeth.1652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 367] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2010] [Accepted: 06/09/2011] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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72
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Liu Q, Beier C, Evans J, Lee T, He S, Smalyukh II. Self-alignment of dye molecules in micelles and lamellae for three-dimensional imaging of lyotropic liquid crystals. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2011; 27:7446-7452. [PMID: 21598933 DOI: 10.1021/la200842z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
We report alignment of anisotropic amphiphilic dye molecules within oblate and prolate anisotropic micelles and lamellae, the basic building blocks of surfactant-based lyotropic liquid crystals. Absorption and fluorescence transition dipole moments of these dye molecules orient either parallel or orthogonal to the liquid crystal director. This alignment enables three-dimensional visualization of director structures and defects in different lyotropic mesophases by means of fluorescence confocal polarizing microscopy and two-photon excitation fluorescence polarizing microscopy. The studied structures include nematic tactoids, Schlieren texture with disclinations in the calamitic nematic phase, oily streaks in the lamellar phase, developable domains in the columnar hexagonal phase, and various types of line defects in the discotic cholesteric phase. Orientational three-dimensional imaging of structures in the lyotropic cholesterics reveals large Burgers vector dislocations in cholesteric layering with singular disclinations in the dislocation cores that are not common for their thermotropic counterparts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingkun Liu
- Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
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73
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Driscoll JD, Shih AY, Iyengar S, Field JJ, White GA, Squier JA, Cauwenberghs G, Kleinfeld D. Photon counting, censor corrections, and lifetime imaging for improved detection in two-photon microscopy. J Neurophysiol 2011; 105:3106-13. [PMID: 21471395 PMCID: PMC3118755 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00649.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2010] [Accepted: 03/30/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We present a high-speed photon counter for use with two-photon microscopy. Counting pulses of photocurrent, as opposed to analog integration, maximizes the signal-to-noise ratio so long as the uncertainty in the count does not exceed the gain-noise of the photodetector. Our system extends this improvement through an estimate of the count that corrects for the censored period after detection of an emission event. The same system can be rapidly reconfigured in software for fluorescence lifetime imaging, which we illustrate by distinguishing between two spectrally similar fluorophores in an in vivo model of microstroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan D Driscoll
- Department of Physics, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0374, USA
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74
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Abstract
Multi-photon microscopy, now in its twentieth year, has developed into one of the most robust and powerful techniques for live cell and in vivo fluorescence imaging. Although its theoretical framework is nearly a century old, it has only become a practical tool for biological research with the development of ultrafast lasers and scanning microscopy techniques. In this unit, we outline the basic principles of multi-photon microscopy, paying special attention to technical considerations for biological applications. Furthermore, we discuss some common applications of the technique, mainly in the field of live cell and in vivo imaging. We illustrate how multi-photon microscopy can be utilized to address questions ranging from structural cell changes to trafficking of membrane proteins in living organisms, often with resolutions of hundreds of milliseconds. We conclude by outlining the necessary elements needed to establish a successful two-photon microscopy system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishnan Padmanabhan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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75
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Futia G, Schlup P, Winters DG, Bartels RA. Spatially-chirped modulation imaging of absorbtion and fluorescent objects on single-element optical detector. OPTICS EXPRESS 2011; 19:1626-40. [PMID: 21263702 DOI: 10.1364/oe.19.001626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Line imaging of fluorescent and absorptive objects with a single-pixel imaging technique that acquires one-dimensional cross-sections through a sample by imposing a spatially-varying amplitude modulation on the probing beam is demonstrated. The fluorophore concentration or absorber distribution of the sample is directly mapped to modulation frequency components of the spatially-integrated temporal signal. Time-domain signals are obtained from a single photodiode, with object spatial frequency correlation encoded in time-domain bursts in the electronic signal from the photodiode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greg Futia
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA
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Slepkov AD, Ridsdale A, Pegoraro AF, Moffatt DJ, Stolow A. Multimodal CARS microscopy of structured carbohydrate biopolymers. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2010; 1:1347-1357. [PMID: 21258555 PMCID: PMC3018121 DOI: 10.1364/boe.1.001347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2010] [Revised: 10/04/2010] [Accepted: 11/04/2010] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate the utility of multimodal coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) microscopy for the study of structured condensed carbohydrate systems. Simultaneous second-harmonic generation (SHG) and spectrally-scanned CARS microscopy was used to elucidate structure, alignment, and density in cellulose cotton fibers and in starch grains undergoing rapid heat-moisture swelling. Our results suggest that CARS response of the O-H stretch region (3000 cm(-1)-3400 cm(-1)), together with the commonly-measured C-H stretch (2750 cm(-1)-2970 cm(-1)) and SHG provide potentially important structural information and contrast in these materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron D. Slepkov
- Steacie Institute for Molecular Sciences, National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa,
Ontario, K1A 0R6 Canada
| | - Andrew Ridsdale
- Steacie Institute for Molecular Sciences, National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa,
Ontario, K1A 0R6 Canada
| | - Adrian F. Pegoraro
- Steacie Institute for Molecular Sciences, National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa,
Ontario, K1A 0R6 Canada
- Department of Physics, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario, K7L 3N6 Canada
| | - Douglas J. Moffatt
- Steacie Institute for Molecular Sciences, National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa,
Ontario, K1A 0R6 Canada
| | - Albert Stolow
- Steacie Institute for Molecular Sciences, National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa,
Ontario, K1A 0R6 Canada
- Department of Physics, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario, K7L 3N6 Canada
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77
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Katz O, Levitt JM, Grinvald E, Silberberg Y. Single-beam coherent Raman spectroscopy and microscopy via spectral notch shaping. OPTICS EXPRESS 2010; 18:22693-701. [PMID: 21164608 DOI: 10.1364/oe.18.022693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
We present a simple and easily implementable scheme for multiplexed Coherent Anti-Stokes Raman Scattering (CARS) spectroscopy and microscopy using a single femtosecond pulse, shaped with a narrow spectral notch. We show that a tunable spectral notch, shaped by a resonant photonic crystal slab, can serve as a narrowband, optimally time-delayed probe, resolving a broad vibrational spectrum with high spectral resolution in a single-shot measurement. Our single-source, single-beam scheme allows the simple transformation of any multiphoton microscope with adequate bandwidth into a nearly alignment-free CARS microscope.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ori Katz
- Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel.
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78
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Yamamoto T, Fujii T. Nanofluidic single-molecule sorting of DNA: a new concept in separation and analysis of biomolecules towards ultimate level performance. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2010; 21:395502. [PMID: 20808035 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/21/39/395502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Separation and separation-based analysis of biomolecules are fundamentally important techniques in the field of biotechnology. These techniques, however, depend on stochastic processes that intrinsically involve uncertainty, and thus it is not possible to achieve 100% separation accuracy. Theoretically, the ultimate resolution and sensitivity should be realized in a single-molecule system because of the deterministic nature of single-molecule manipulation. Here, we have proposed and experimentally demonstrated the concept of a 'single-molecule sorter' that detects and correctly identifies individual single molecules, realizing the ultimate level of resolution and sensitivity for any separation-based technology. The single-molecule sorter was created using a nanofluidic network consisting of a single inlet channel that branches off into multiple outlet channels. It includes two major functional elements, namely a single-molecule detection and identification element and a flow path switching element to accurately separate single molecules. With this system we have successfully demonstrated the world's first single-molecule sorting using DNA as a sample molecule. In the future, we hope to expand the application of such devices to comprehensive sorting of single-proteins from a single cell. We also believe that in addition to the single-molecule sorting method reported here, other types of single-molecule based processes will emerge and find use in a wide variety of applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takatoki Yamamoto
- Department of Mechanical and Control Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan.
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79
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Targeting Non-Fluorescent Molecules by Nonlinear Optical Imaging. Chemphyschem 2010; 11:1619-22. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.200900979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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80
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Powe AM, Das S, Lowry M, El-Zahab B, Fakayode SO, Geng ML, Baker GA, Wang L, McCarroll ME, Patonay G, Li M, Aljarrah M, Neal S, Warner IM. Molecular Fluorescence, Phosphorescence, and Chemiluminescence Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2010; 82:4865-94. [DOI: 10.1021/ac101131p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Aleeta M. Powe
- Department of Chemistry, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40208, Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, Department of Chemistry, Winston-Salem State University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27110, Department of Chemistry, Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Institute and the Optical Science and Technology Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, Department
| | - Susmita Das
- Department of Chemistry, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40208, Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, Department of Chemistry, Winston-Salem State University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27110, Department of Chemistry, Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Institute and the Optical Science and Technology Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, Department
| | - Mark Lowry
- Department of Chemistry, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40208, Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, Department of Chemistry, Winston-Salem State University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27110, Department of Chemistry, Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Institute and the Optical Science and Technology Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, Department
| | - Bilal El-Zahab
- Department of Chemistry, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40208, Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, Department of Chemistry, Winston-Salem State University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27110, Department of Chemistry, Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Institute and the Optical Science and Technology Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, Department
| | - Sayo O. Fakayode
- Department of Chemistry, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40208, Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, Department of Chemistry, Winston-Salem State University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27110, Department of Chemistry, Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Institute and the Optical Science and Technology Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, Department
| | - Maxwell L. Geng
- Department of Chemistry, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40208, Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, Department of Chemistry, Winston-Salem State University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27110, Department of Chemistry, Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Institute and the Optical Science and Technology Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, Department
| | - Gary A. Baker
- Department of Chemistry, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40208, Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, Department of Chemistry, Winston-Salem State University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27110, Department of Chemistry, Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Institute and the Optical Science and Technology Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, Department
| | - Lin Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40208, Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, Department of Chemistry, Winston-Salem State University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27110, Department of Chemistry, Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Institute and the Optical Science and Technology Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, Department
| | - Matthew E. McCarroll
- Department of Chemistry, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40208, Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, Department of Chemistry, Winston-Salem State University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27110, Department of Chemistry, Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Institute and the Optical Science and Technology Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, Department
| | - Gabor Patonay
- Department of Chemistry, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40208, Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, Department of Chemistry, Winston-Salem State University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27110, Department of Chemistry, Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Institute and the Optical Science and Technology Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, Department
| | - Min Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40208, Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, Department of Chemistry, Winston-Salem State University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27110, Department of Chemistry, Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Institute and the Optical Science and Technology Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, Department
| | - Mohannad Aljarrah
- Department of Chemistry, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40208, Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, Department of Chemistry, Winston-Salem State University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27110, Department of Chemistry, Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Institute and the Optical Science and Technology Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, Department
| | - Sharon Neal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40208, Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, Department of Chemistry, Winston-Salem State University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27110, Department of Chemistry, Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Institute and the Optical Science and Technology Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, Department
| | - Isiah M. Warner
- Department of Chemistry, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40208, Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, Department of Chemistry, Winston-Salem State University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27110, Department of Chemistry, Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Institute and the Optical Science and Technology Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, Department
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Tuer A, Tokarz D, Prent N, Cisek R, Alami J, Dumont DJ, Bakueva L, Rowlands J, Barzda V. Nonlinear multicontrast microscopy of hematoxylin-and-eosin-stained histological sections. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2010; 15:026018. [PMID: 20459263 DOI: 10.1117/1.3382908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Imaging hematoxylin-and-eosin-stained cancerous histological sections with multicontrast nonlinear excitation fluorescence, second- and third-harmonic generation (THG) microscopy reveals cellular structures with extremely high image contrast. Absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy together with second hyperpolarizability measurements of the dyes shows that strong THG appears due to neutral hemalum aggregation and is subsequently enhanced by interaction with eosin. Additionally, fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy reveals eosin fluorescence quenching by hemalums, showing better suitability of only eosin staining for fluorescence microscopy. Multicontrast nonlinear microscopy has the potential to differentiate between cancerous and healthy tissue at a single cell level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Tuer
- University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Institute for Optical Sciences, Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, 3359 Mississauga Road North, Mississauga, Ontario, L5L 1C6 Canada.
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82
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Yang SL, Cheng WD, Zhang H, Lin CS, Zhang WL, He ZZ. KZn4SbO7 and KZn4Sb3O12: syntheses, structures and photophysics of Sb5+ control materials. Dalton Trans 2010; 39:9547-53. [DOI: 10.1039/c0dt00479k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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83
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Cisek R, Spencer L, Prent N, Zigmantas D, Espie GS, Barzda V. Optical microscopy in photosynthesis. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2009; 102:111-41. [PMID: 19851883 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-009-9500-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2009] [Accepted: 10/05/2009] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Emerging as well as the most frequently used optical microscopy techniques are reviewed and image contrast generation methods in a microscope are presented, focusing on the nonlinear contrasts such as harmonic generation and multiphoton excitation fluorescence. Nonlinear microscopy presents numerous advantages over linear microscopy techniques including improved deep tissue imaging, optical sectioning, and imaging of live unstained samples. Nonetheless, with the exception of multiphoton excitation fluorescence, nonlinear microscopy is in its infancy, lacking protocols, users and applications; hence, this review focuses on the potential of nonlinear microscopy for studying photosynthetic organisms. Examples of nonlinear microscopic imaging are presented including isolated light-harvesting antenna complexes from higher plants, starch granules, chloroplasts, unicellular alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, and cyanobacteria Leptolyngbya sp. and Anabaena sp. While focusing on nonlinear microscopy techniques, second and third harmonic generation and multiphoton excitation fluorescence microscopy, other emerging nonlinear imaging modalities are described and several linear optical microscopy techniques are reviewed in order to clearly describe their capabilities and to highlight the advantages of nonlinear microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Cisek
- Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, University of Toronto, 3359 Mississauga Road, Mississauga, ON, L5L 1C6, Canada
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