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Selective impairment of blood pressure reduction by endothelial nitric oxide synthase dimer destabilization in mice. J Hypertens 2017; 35:76-88. [PMID: 27861245 DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0000000000001127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Endothelial dysfunction and oxidative stress are associated with hypertension but whether endothelial superoxide may play a role in the early development of essential hypertension remains uncertain. We investigated whether endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS)-derived endothelial oxidative stress is involved in the regulation of SBP. METHODS Wild-type eNOS [mice with endothelium-specific overexpression of bovine endothelial NO-synthase (eNOS-Tg)] or a novel dimer-destabilized eNOS-mutant harboring a partially disrupted zinc-finger [mice with endothelium-specific overexpression of destabilized bovine eNOS destabilized by replacement of Cys 101 to Ala (C101A-eNOS-Tg)] was introduced in C57BL/6 in an endothelial-specific manner. Mice were monitored for aortic endothelium-dependent relaxation, SBP, levels of superoxide and several posttranslational modifications indicating activity and/or increased vascular oxidative stress. Some groups of mice underwent voluntary exercise training for 4 weeks or treatment with the superoxide dismutase mimetic Tempol. RESULTS C101A-eNOS-Tg showed significantly increased superoxide generation, protein-tyrosine-nitration and eNOS-tyrosine-nitration, eNOS-S-glutathionylation, eNOS phosphorylation and AMP kinase-α phosphorylation at Thr172 in aorta, skeletal muscle, left ventricular myocardium and lung as compared with eNOS-Tg and wild-type controls. Exercise training increased phosphorylation of eNOS at Ser and AMP kinase-α in wild-type. These physiologic adaptations were absent in C101A-eNOS-Tg. Maximal aortic endothelium-dependent relaxation was similar in all strains. C101A-eNOS-Tg displayed normal SBP despite higher levels of eNOS, whereas eNOS-Tg showed significant hypotension. Tempol completely reversed the occurring protein modifications and significantly reduced SBP in C101A-eNOS-Tg but not in wild-type. CONCLUSION Oxidative stress generated by endothelial-specific expression of genetically destabilized C101A-eNOS selectively prevents SBP-reducing activity of vascular eNOS, while having no effect on aortic endothelium-dependent relaxation. These data suggest that oxidative stress in microvascular endothelium may play a role for the development of essential hypertension.
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Furuta S. Basal S-Nitrosylation Is the Guardian of Tissue Homeostasis. Trends Cancer 2017; 3:744-748. [PMID: 29120749 DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2017.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Revised: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies have uncovered that nitric oxide (NO) signaling is largely conducted by S-nitrosylation, involving >3000 proteins. The nitrosyl group could then travel further by transnitrosylation or be secreted, enabling regulation of the whole tissue. A subset of proteins are constitutively S-nitrosylated, playing roles in the regulation of tissue homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saori Furuta
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Toledo Health Science Campus, 3000 Arlington Avenue, Toledo, OH 43614, USA.
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Wolhuter K, Eaton P. How widespread is stable protein S-nitrosylation as an end-effector of protein regulation? Free Radic Biol Med 2017; 109:156-166. [PMID: 28189849 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2017.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2016] [Revised: 01/26/2017] [Accepted: 02/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Over the last 25 years protein S-nitrosylation, also known more correctly as S-nitrosation, has been progressively implicated in virtually every nitric oxide-regulated process within the cardiovascular system. The current, widely-held paradigm is that S-nitrosylation plays an equivalent role as phosphorylation, providing a stable and controllable post-translational modification that directly regulates end-effector target proteins to elicit biological responses. However, this concept largely ignores the intrinsic instability of the nitrosothiol bond, which rapidly reacts with typically abundant thiol-containing molecules to generate more stable disulfide bonds. These protein disulfides, formed via a nitrosothiol intermediate redox state, are rationally anticipated to be the predominant end-effector modification that mediates functional alterations when cells encounter nitrosative stimuli. In this review we present evidence and explain our reasoning for arriving at this conclusion that may be controversial to some researchers in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn Wolhuter
- King's College London, Cardiovascular Division, The British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, The Rayne Institute, St Thomas' Hospital, London SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Philip Eaton
- King's College London, Cardiovascular Division, The British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, The Rayne Institute, St Thomas' Hospital, London SE1 7EH, UK.
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Musicki B, Lagoda G, Goetz T, La Favor JD, Burnett AL. Transnitrosylation: A Factor in Nitric Oxide-Mediated Penile Erection. J Sex Med 2017; 13:808-814. [PMID: 27114194 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsxm.2016.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Revised: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Nitric oxide (NO) signaling can be mediated not only through classic 3',5'-cyclic guanosine monophosphate but also through S-nitrosylation. However, the impact of S-nitrosylation on erectile function and in NO regulation and oxidative stress in the penis remains poorly understood. AIMS To characterize the role of S-nitrosoglutathione reductase (GSNOR), a major regulator of S-nitrosylation homeostasis, on erection physiology and on endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) function and oxidative-nitrosative stress in the penis. METHODS Adult GSNOR-deficient and wild-type (WT) mice were used. Erectile function was assessed in response to electrical stimulation of the cavernous nerve. Total NO in penile homogenates was measured by Griess reaction. Protein S-nitrosylation, eNOS phosphorylation on Ser-1177 (positive regulatory site), eNOS uncoupling, and markers of oxidative stress (4-hydroxy-2-nonenal, malondialdehyde, and nitrotyrosine) in the penis were measured by western blot. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Erectile function, eNOS function, and oxidative stress in the penis of GSNOR-deficient mice. RESULTS Erectile function was intact in GSNOR-deficient mice. Total S-nitrosylated proteins were increased (P < .05) in the GSNOR(-/-) compared with WT mouse penis. Although eNOS phosphorylation on Ser-1177 did not differ between the GSNOR(-/-) and WT mouse penises at baseline, electrical stimulation of the cavernous nerve increased (P < .05) phosphorylated eNOS in the WT mouse penis but failed to increase phosphorylated eNOS in the GSNOR(-/-) mouse penis. Total NO production was decreased (P < .05), whereas eNOS uncoupling, 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal, malondialdehyde, and nitrotyrosine were increased (P < .05) in the GSNOR-deficient mouse penis compared with the WT mouse penis. CONCLUSION Transnitrosylation mechanisms play an important role in regulating NO bioactivity in the penis. Deficiency of GSNOR leads to eNOS dysfunction and increased oxidative damage, suggesting that homeostatic eNOS function in the penis is governed by transnitrosylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biljana Musicki
- The James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute and Department of Urology, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Gwen Lagoda
- The James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute and Department of Urology, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Tabitha Goetz
- The James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute and Department of Urology, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Justin D La Favor
- The James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute and Department of Urology, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Arthur L Burnett
- The James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute and Department of Urology, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Erkens R, Suvorava T, Kramer CM, Diederich LD, Kelm M, Cortese-Krott MM. Modulation of Local and Systemic Heterocellular Communication by Mechanical Forces: A Role of Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase. Antioxid Redox Signal 2017; 26:917-935. [PMID: 27927026 PMCID: PMC5455615 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2016.6904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In this review, we discuss the role of nitric oxide (NO) as a key physiological mechanotransducer modulating both local and systemic heterocellular communication and contributing to the integrated (patho)physiology of the cardiovascular system. A deeper understanding of mechanotransduction-mediated local and systemic nodes controlling heterocellular communication between the endothelium, blood cells, and other cell types (e.g., cardiomyocytes) may suggest novel therapeutic strategies for endothelial dysfunction and cardiovascular disease. Recent Advances: Mechanical forces acting on mechanoreceptors on endothelial cells activate the endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) to produce NO. NO participates in (i) abluminal heterocellular communication, inducing vasorelaxation, and thereby regulating vascular tone and blood pressure; (ii) luminal heterocellular communication, inhibiting platelet aggregation, and controlling hemostasis; and (iii) systemic heterocellular communication, contributing to adaptive physiological processes in response to exercise and remote ischemic preconditioning. Interestingly, shear-induced eNOS-dependent activation of vascular heterocellular communication constitutes the molecular basis of all methods applied in the clinical routine for evaluation of endothelial function. Critical Issues and Future Directions: The integrated physiology of heterocellular communication is still not fully understood. Dedicated experimental models are needed to analyze messengers and mechanisms underpinning heterocellular communication in response to physical forces in the cardiovascular system (and elsewhere). Antioxid. Redox Signal. 26, 917-935.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralf Erkens
- Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, Division of Cardiology, Pneumology and Angiology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University of Düsseldorf , Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Tatsiana Suvorava
- Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, Division of Cardiology, Pneumology and Angiology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University of Düsseldorf , Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Christian M Kramer
- Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, Division of Cardiology, Pneumology and Angiology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University of Düsseldorf , Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Lukas D Diederich
- Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, Division of Cardiology, Pneumology and Angiology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University of Düsseldorf , Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Malte Kelm
- Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, Division of Cardiology, Pneumology and Angiology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University of Düsseldorf , Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Miriam M Cortese-Krott
- Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, Division of Cardiology, Pneumology and Angiology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University of Düsseldorf , Düsseldorf, Germany
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Akolkar G, Bagchi AK, Ayyappan P, Jassal DS, Singal PK. Doxorubicin-induced nitrosative stress is mitigated by vitamin C via the modulation of nitric oxide synthases. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2017; 312:C418-C427. [DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00356.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Revised: 01/12/2017] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
An increase in oxidative stress is suggested to be the main cause in Doxorubicin (Dox)–induced cardiotoxicity. However, there is now evidence that activation of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and nitrosative stress are also involved. The role of vitamin C (Vit C) in the regulation of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and reduction of nitrosative stress in Dox-induced cardiotoxicity is unknown. The present study investigated the effects of Vit C in the mitigation of Dox-induced changes in the levels of nitric oxide (NO), NOS activity, protein expression of NOS isoforms, and nitrosative stress as well as cytokines TNF-α and IL-10 in isolated cardiomyocytes. Cardiomyocytes isolated from adult Sprague-Dawley rats were segregated into four groups: 1) control, 2) Vit C (25 µM), 3) Dox (10 µM), and 4) Vit C + Dox. Dox caused a significant increase in the generation of superoxide radical (O2·−), peroxynitrite, and NO, and these effects of Dox were blunted by Vit C. Dox increased the expression of iNOS and altered protein expression as well as activation of endothelial NOS (eNOS). These changes were prevented by Vit C. Dox induced an increase in the ratio of monomeric/dimeric eNOS, promoting the production of O2·−, which was prevented by Vit C by increasing the stability of the dimeric form of eNOS. Vit C protected against the Dox-induced increase in TNFα as well as a reduction in IL-10. These results suggest that Vit C provides cardioprotection by reducing oxidative/nitrosative stress and inflammation via a modulation of Dox-induced increase in the NO levels and NOS activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gauri Akolkar
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Ashim K. Bagchi
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Prathapan Ayyappan
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Davinder S. Jassal
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Pawan K. Singal
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
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Matsuo K, Yabuki Y, Fukunaga K. Combined l-citrulline and glutathione administration prevents neuronal cell death following transient brain ischemia. Brain Res 2017; 1663:123-131. [PMID: 28315310 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2017.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Revised: 03/11/2017] [Accepted: 03/12/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
We previously reported that oral l-citrulline (l-Cit) administration antagonizes neuronal cell death in hippocampus following transient brain ischemia and that oral glutathione (GSH) administration prevents neuronal death through antioxidant activity. Here, we tested potential synergy of combined l-Cit and GSH administration in protection against neuronal death following cerebral ischemia. One day after a 20-min bilateral common carotid artery occlusion (BCCAO), mice were orally administered l-Cit or GSH alone (at 40 or 100mg/kgp.o.) or both (at 40mg/kgp.o. each) daily for 10days. The combination, but not l-Cit or GSH alone at 40mg/kgp.o., significantly prevented neuronal death in the hippocampal CA1 region in BCCAO mice. Consistently, combined l-Cit and GSH administration improved memory-related behavioral deficits observed in BCCAO mice. Combination treatment also significantly rescued reduced endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) protein levels and antagonized eNOS S-glutathionylation seen following BCCAO ischemia. Recovery of eNOS activity was confirmed by in vivo NO production in hippocampus of BCCAO mice. Taken together, combined administration of l-Cit with GSH rescues eNOS function, thereby inhibiting delayed neuronal death in hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuya Matsuo
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yasushi Yabuki
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Kohji Fukunaga
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.
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Förstermann U, Xia N, Li H. Roles of Vascular Oxidative Stress and Nitric Oxide in the Pathogenesis of Atherosclerosis. Circ Res 2017; 120:713-735. [DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.116.309326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 692] [Impact Index Per Article: 98.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Revised: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 12/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Major reactive oxygen species (ROS)–producing systems in vascular wall include NADPH (reduced form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate) oxidase, xanthine oxidase, the mitochondrial electron transport chain, and uncoupled endothelial nitric oxide (NO) synthase. ROS at moderate concentrations have important signaling roles under physiological conditions. Excessive or sustained ROS production, however, when exceeding the available antioxidant defense systems, leads to oxidative stress. Animal studies have provided compelling evidence demonstrating the roles of vascular oxidative stress and NO in atherosclerosis. All established cardiovascular risk factors such as hypercholesterolemia, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and smoking enhance ROS generation and decrease endothelial NO production. Key molecular events in atherogenesis such as oxidative modification of lipoproteins and phospholipids, endothelial cell activation, and macrophage infiltration/activation are facilitated by vascular oxidative stress and inhibited by endothelial NO. Atherosclerosis develops preferentially in vascular regions with disturbed blood flow (arches, branches, and bifurcations). The fact that these sites are associated with enhanced oxidative stress and reduced endothelial NO production is a further indication for the roles of ROS and NO in atherosclerosis. Therefore, prevention of vascular oxidative stress and improvement of endothelial NO production represent reasonable therapeutic strategies in addition to the treatment of established risk factors (hypercholesterolemia, hypertension, and diabetes mellitus).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrich Förstermann
- From the Department of Pharmacology, Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany (U.F., N.X., H.L.); Center for Translational Vascular Biology (CTVB), Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany (H.L.); and German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine-Main, Mainz, Germany (H.L.)
| | - Ning Xia
- From the Department of Pharmacology, Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany (U.F., N.X., H.L.); Center for Translational Vascular Biology (CTVB), Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany (H.L.); and German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine-Main, Mainz, Germany (H.L.)
| | - Huige Li
- From the Department of Pharmacology, Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany (U.F., N.X., H.L.); Center for Translational Vascular Biology (CTVB), Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany (H.L.); and German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine-Main, Mainz, Germany (H.L.)
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59
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Dulce RA, Kulandavelu S, Schulman IH, Fritsch J, Hare JM. Nitric Oxide Regulation of Cardiovascular Physiology and Pathophysiology. Nitric Oxide 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-804273-1.00024-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
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Szabo C. Hydrogen sulfide, an enhancer of vascular nitric oxide signaling: mechanisms and implications. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2016; 312:C3-C15. [PMID: 27784679 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00282.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) vascular signaling has long been considered an independent, self-sufficient pathway. However, recent data indicate that the novel gaseous mediator, hydrogen sulfide (H2S), serves as an essential enhancer of vascular NO signaling. The current article overviews the multiple levels at which this enhancement takes place. The first level of interaction relates to the formation of biologically active hybrid S/N species and the H2S-induced stimulation of NO release from its various stable "pools" (e.g., nitrite). The next interactions occur on the level of endothelial calcium mobilization and PI3K/Akt signaling, increasing the specific activity of endothelial NO synthase (eNOS). The next level of interaction occurs on eNOS itself; H2S directly interacts with the enzyme: sulfhydration of critical cysteines stabilizes it in its physiological, dimeric state, thereby optimizing eNOS-derived NO production and minimizing superoxide formation. Yet another level of interaction, further downstream, occurs at the level of soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC): H2S stabilizes sGC in its NO-responsive, physiological, reduced form. Further downstream, H2S inhibits the vascular cGMP phosphodiesterase (PDE5), thereby prolonging the biological half-life of cGMP. Finally, H2S-derived polysulfides directly activate cGMP-dependent protein kinase (PKG). Taken together, H2S emerges an essential endogenous enhancer of vascular NO signaling, contributing to vasorelaxation and angiogenesis. The functional importance of the H2S/NO cooperative interactions is highlighted by the fact that H2S loses many of its beneficial cardiovascular effects when eNOS is inactive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Csaba Szabo
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
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61
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Wynia-Smith SL, Smith BC. Nitrosothiol formation and S-nitrosation signaling through nitric oxide synthases. Nitric Oxide 2016; 63:52-60. [PMID: 27720836 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2016.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Revised: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 10/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is a gaseous signaling molecule impacting many biological pathways. NO is produced in mammals by three nitric oxide synthase (NOS) isoforms: neuronal (nNOS), endothelial (eNOS), and inducible (iNOS). nNOS and eNOS produce low concentrations of NO for paracrine signaling; NO produced and released from one cell diffuses to a neighboring cell where it binds and activates soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC). iNOS produces high concentrations of NO using NO toxicity to amplify the innate immune response. Recent work has also defined protein cysteine S-nitrosation as a pathway of sGC-independent NO signaling. Though many studies have shown that S-nitrosation regulates the activity of NOS isoforms and other proteins in vivo, many issues need to be resolved to establish S-nitrosation as a viable signaling mechanism. Several chemical mechanisms result in S-nitrosation including transition metal-catalyzed pathways, NO oxidation followed by thiolate reaction, and thiyl radical recombination with NO. Once formed, nitrosothiols can be transferred between cellular cysteine residues via transnitrosation reactions. However, it is largely unclear how these chemical processes result in selective S-nitrosation of specific cellular cysteine residues. S-nitrosation site selectivity may be imparted via direct interactions or colocalization with NOS isoforms that focus chemical or transnitrosation mechanisms of nitrosothiol formation or transfer. Here, we discuss chemical mechanisms of nitrosothiol formation, S-nitrosation of NOS isoforms, and potential S-nitrosation signaling cascades resulting from NOS S-nitrosation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah L Wynia-Smith
- Department of Biochemistry and Redox Biology Program, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Brian C Smith
- Department of Biochemistry and Redox Biology Program, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.
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Rafikova O, Rafikov R, Kangath A, Qu N, Aggarwal S, Sharma S, Desai J, Fields T, Ludewig B, Yuan JXY, Jonigk D, Black SM. Redox regulation of epidermal growth factor receptor signaling during the development of pulmonary hypertension. Free Radic Biol Med 2016; 95:96-111. [PMID: 26928584 PMCID: PMC5929487 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2016.02.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2015] [Revised: 02/24/2016] [Accepted: 02/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The development of pulmonary hypertension (PH) involves the uncontrolled proliferation of pulmonary smooth muscle cells via increased growth factor receptor signaling. However, the role of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling is controversial, as humans with advanced PH exhibit no changes in EGFR protein levels and purpose of the present study was to determine whether there are post-translational mechanisms that enhance EGFR signaling in PH. The EGFR inhibitor, gefinitib, significantly attenuated EGFR signaling and prevented the development of PH in monocrotaline (MCT)-exposed rats, confirming the contribution of EGFR activation in MCT induced PH. There was an early MCT-mediated increase in hydrogen peroxide, which correlated with the binding of the active metabolite of MCT, monocrotaline pyrrole, to catalase Cys377, disrupting its multimeric structure. This early oxidative stress was responsible for the oxidation of EGFR and the formation of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) stable EGFR dimers through dityrosine cross-linking. These cross-linked dimers exhibited increased EGFR autophosphorylation and signaling. The activation of EGFR signaling did not correlate with pp60(src) dependent Y845 phosphorylation or EGFR ligand expression. Importantly, the analysis of patients with advanced PH revealed the same enhancement of EGFR autophosphorylation and covalent dimer formation in pulmonary arteries, while total EGFR protein levels were unchanged. As in the MCT exposed rat model, the activation of EGFR in human samples was independent of pp60(src) phosphorylation site and ligand expression. This study provides a novel molecular mechanism of oxidative stress stimulated covalent EGFR dimerization via tyrosine dimerization that contributes into development of PH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Rafikova
- Department of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Ruslan Rafikov
- Department of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Archana Kangath
- Department of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Ning Qu
- Department of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Saurabh Aggarwal
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Shruti Sharma
- Center For Biotechnology & Genomic Medicine, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Julin Desai
- Vascular Biology Center, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Taylor Fields
- Vascular Biology Center, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Britta Ludewig
- Institute of Pathology, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
| | - Jason X-Y Yuan
- Department of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Danny Jonigk
- Institute of Pathology, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
| | - Stephen M Black
- Department of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States.
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Zhang D, Zhao N, Ma B, Wang Y, Zhang G, Yan X, Hu S, Xu T. Procaspase-9 induces its cleavage by transnitrosylating XIAP via the Thioredoxin system during cerebral ischemia-reperfusion in rats. Sci Rep 2016; 6:24203. [PMID: 27052476 PMCID: PMC4823698 DOI: 10.1038/srep24203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Transnitrosylation is an important mechanism by which nitric oxide (NO) modulates cell signaling pathways. For instance, SNO-caspase-3 can transnitrosylate the X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis (XIAP) to enhance apoptosis. XIAP is a potent antagonist of caspase apoptotic activity. Decrease in XIAP activity via nitrosylation results in SNO-XIAP-mediated caspase activation. Considering the functional liaison of procaspase-9 and XIAP, we hypothesized that procaspase-9 nitrosylates XIAP directly. Our data confirmed that cerebral ischemia-reperfusion induced XIAP nitrosylation, procaspase-9 denitrosylation and cleavage. Interestingly, the time courses of the nitrosylation of procaspase-9 and XIAP were negatively correlated, which was more prominent after cerebral ischemia-reperfusion, suggesting a direct interaction. The nitrosylation of XIAP, as well as the denitrosylation and cleavage of procaspase-9, were inhibited by DNCB, TrxR1 AS-ODNs, or TAT-AVPY treatment. Meanwhile, DNCB, TrxR1 AS-ODNs, or TAT-AVPY also inhibited the decrease in hippocampal CA1 neurons induced by ischemia-reperfusion in rats. The denitrosylation and cleavage of procaspase-9 induced by OGD/reoxygenation in SH-SY5Y cells were inhibited when cells were co-transfected with wild-type procaspase-9 and XIAP mutant (C449G). These data suggest that cerebral ischemia-reperfusion induces a transnitrosylation from procaspase-9 to XIAP via the Trx system to consequently cause apoptosis. Additionally, Cys325 is a critical S-nitrosylation site of procaspase-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dengyue Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Brain Disease Bioinformation, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou 221004, China
| | - Ningjun Zhao
- Institute of Emergency Rescue Medicine, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou 221002, China.,Emergency Center of the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou 221002, China
| | - Bin Ma
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Brain Disease Bioinformation, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou 221004, China.,Institute of Emergency Rescue Medicine, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou 221002, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Institute of Emergency Rescue Medicine, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou 221002, China
| | - Gongliang Zhang
- Department of Physiology, College of Basic Medical Science, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China
| | - Xianliang Yan
- Institute of Emergency Rescue Medicine, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou 221002, China.,Emergency Center of the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou 221002, China
| | - Shuqun Hu
- Institute of Emergency Rescue Medicine, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou 221002, China.,Emergency Center of the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou 221002, China
| | - Tie Xu
- Institute of Emergency Rescue Medicine, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou 221002, China.,Emergency Center of the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou 221002, China
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64
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Rafikova O, Meadows ML, Kinchen JM, Mohney RP, Maltepe E, Desai AA, Yuan JXJ, Garcia JGN, Fineman JR, Rafikov R, Black SM. Metabolic Changes Precede the Development of Pulmonary Hypertension in the Monocrotaline Exposed Rat Lung. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0150480. [PMID: 26937637 PMCID: PMC4777490 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0150480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2015] [Accepted: 02/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
There is increasing interest in the potential for metabolic profiling to evaluate the progression of pulmonary hypertension (PH). However, a detailed analysis of the metabolic changes in lungs at the early stage of PH, characterized by increased pulmonary artery pressure but prior to the development of right ventricle hypertrophy and failure, is lacking in a preclinical animal model of PH. Thus, we undertook a study using rats 14 days after exposure to monocrotaline (MCT), to determine whether we could identify early stage metabolic changes prior to the manifestation of developed PH. We observed changes in multiple pathways associated with the development of PH, including activated glycolysis, increased markers of proliferation, disruptions in carnitine homeostasis, increased inflammatory and fibrosis biomarkers, and a reduction in glutathione biosynthesis. Further, our global metabolic profile data compare favorably with prior work carried out in humans with PH. We conclude that despite the MCT-model not recapitulating all the structural changes associated with humans with advanced PH, including endothelial cell proliferation and the formation of plexiform lesions, it is very similar at a metabolic level. Thus, we suggest that despite its limitations it can still serve as a useful preclinical model for the study of PH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Rafikova
- Division of Translational and Regenerative Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Mary L. Meadows
- Vascular Biology Center, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia, United States of America
| | | | | | - Emin Maltepe
- Division of Neonatology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Ankit A. Desai
- Department of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Jason X.-J. Yuan
- Division of Translational and Regenerative Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Joe G. N. Garcia
- Department of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey R. Fineman
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Ruslan Rafikov
- Division of Translational and Regenerative Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Stephen M. Black
- Division of Translational and Regenerative Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
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65
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Nitric oxide and the thioredoxin system: a complex interplay in redox regulation. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2015; 1850:2476-84. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2015.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2015] [Revised: 08/26/2015] [Accepted: 09/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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66
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Su JB. Vascular endothelial dysfunction and pharmacological treatment. World J Cardiol 2015; 7:719-741. [PMID: 26635921 PMCID: PMC4660468 DOI: 10.4330/wjc.v7.i11.719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2015] [Revised: 06/23/2015] [Accepted: 09/18/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The endothelium exerts multiple actions involving regulation of vascular permeability and tone, coagulation and fibrinolysis, inflammatory and immunological reactions and cell growth. Alterations of one or more such actions may cause vascular endothelial dysfunction. Different risk factors such as hypercholesterolemia, homocystinemia, hyperglycemia, hypertension, smoking, inflammation, and aging contribute to the development of endothelial dysfunction. Mechanisms underlying endothelial dysfunction are multiple, including impaired endothelium-derived vasodilators, enhanced endothelium-derived vasoconstrictors, over production of reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species, activation of inflammatory and immune reactions, and imbalance of coagulation and fibrinolysis. Endothelial dysfunction occurs in many cardiovascular diseases, which involves different mechanisms, depending on specific risk factors affecting the disease. Among these mechanisms, a reduction in nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability plays a central role in the development of endothelial dysfunction because NO exerts diverse physiological actions, including vasodilation, anti-inflammation, antiplatelet, antiproliferation and antimigration. Experimental and clinical studies have demonstrated that a variety of currently used or investigational drugs, such as angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, angiotensin AT1 receptors blockers, angiotensin-(1-7), antioxidants, beta-blockers, calcium channel blockers, endothelial NO synthase enhancers, phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors, sphingosine-1-phosphate and statins, exert endothelial protective effects. Due to the difference in mechanisms of action, these drugs need to be used according to specific mechanisms underlying endothelial dysfunction of the disease.
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67
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Suvorava T, Nagy N, Pick S, Lieven O, Rüther U, Dao VTV, Fischer JW, Weber M, Kojda G. Impact of eNOS-Dependent Oxidative Stress on Endothelial Function and Neointima Formation. Antioxid Redox Signal 2015; 23:711-23. [PMID: 25764009 PMCID: PMC4580305 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2014.6059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2014] [Revised: 03/03/2015] [Accepted: 03/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Vascular oxidative stress generated by endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) was observed in experimental and clinical cardiovascular disease, but its relative importance for vascular pathologies is unclear. We investigated the impact of eNOS-dependent vascular oxidative stress on endothelial function and on neointimal hyperplasia. RESULTS A dimer-destabilized mutant of bovine eNOS where cysteine 101 was replaced by alanine was cloned and introduced into an eNOS-deficient mouse strain (eNOS-KO) in an endothelial-specific manner. Destabilization of mutant eNOS in cells and eNOS-KO was confirmed by the reduced dimer/monomer ratio. Purified mutant eNOS and transfected cells generated less citrulline and NO, respectively, while superoxide generation was enhanced. In eNOS-KO, introduction of mutant eNOS caused a 2.3-3.7-fold increase in superoxide and peroxynitrite formation in the aorta and myocardium. This was completely blunted by an NOS inhibitor. Nevertheless, expression of mutant eNOS in eNOS-KO completely restored maximal aortic endothelium-dependent relaxation to acetylcholine. Neointimal hyperplasia induced by carotid binding was much larger in eNOS-KO than in mutant eNOS-KO and C57BL/6, while the latter strains showed comparable hyperplasia. Likewise, vascular remodeling was blunted in eNOS-KO only. INNOVATION Our results provide the first in vivo evidence that eNOS-dependent oxidative stress is unlikely to be an initial cause of impaired endothelium-dependent vasodilation and/or a pathologic factor promoting intimal hyperplasia. These findings highlight the importance of other sources of vascular oxidative stress in cardiovascular disease. CONCLUSION eNOS-dependent oxidative stress is unlikely to induce functional vascular damage as long as concomitant generation of NO is preserved. This underlines the importance of current and new therapeutic strategies in improving endothelial NO generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsiana Suvorava
- Institute for Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Nadine Nagy
- Institute for Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Stephanie Pick
- Institute for Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Oliver Lieven
- Institute for Animal Developmental and Molecular Biology, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Ulrich Rüther
- Institute for Animal Developmental and Molecular Biology, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Vu Thao-Vi Dao
- Institute for Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jens W. Fischer
- Institute for Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Martina Weber
- Division of Cardiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Georg Kojda
- Institute for Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
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68
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Black SM. β3-Adrenoceptor, glutathionylation, and diabetic cardiomyopathy. Focus on "β3-Adrenoceptor activation relieves oxidative inhibition of the cardiac Na+-K+ pump in hyperglycemia induced by insulin receptor blockade". Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2015; 309:C283-5. [PMID: 26179604 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00196.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stephen M Black
- Division of Translational and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
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69
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Wang Y, Zhang P, Xu Z, Yue W, Zhuang Y, Chen Y, Lu Z. S-nitrosylation of PDE5 increases its ubiquitin-proteasomal degradation. Free Radic Biol Med 2015; 86:343-51. [PMID: 26093192 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2015.05.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2015] [Revised: 05/12/2015] [Accepted: 05/26/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) expression is upregulated in human failing heart, and overexpression of PDE5 in transgenic mice exacerbates stress-induced left-ventricular dysfunction, suggesting that increased PDE5 expression might contribute to the development of congestive heart failure. However, the underlying mechanisms for increased PDE5 expression are not totally understood. In the present study, we found that PDE5 activity and expression were regulated by S-nitrosylation, a covalent modification of cysteine residues by nitric oxide (NO). S-nitrosylation of PDE5 occurs at Cys220, which is located in the GAFA domain. Upon S-nitrosylation, PDE5 exhibits reduced activity and degradation via the ubiquitin-proteasome system. The decrease in PDE5 expression induced by NO could be blunted by mutation of Cys220 or the phosphorylation site of PDE5 (S102), as well as by pretreatment with H2O2. Conversely, decreased NO bioavailability by nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitors or knockout of NOS3 increased PDE5 expression in cardiomyocytes. Collectively, to the best of our knowledge, our data demonstrate for the first time that S-nitrosylation is one of the mechanisms for PDE5 degradation. This novel regulatory mechanism probably accounts for the increase in PDE5 in the failing heart and other diseases in which NO bioavailability is decreased by oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wang
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ping Zhang
- Cardiovascular Division and Lillehei Heart Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Zhiyu Xu
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wenhui Yue
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yan Zhuang
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yingjie Chen
- Cardiovascular Division and Lillehei Heart Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Zhongbing Lu
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100049, China.
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70
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Heine CL, Schmidt R, Geckl K, Schrammel A, Gesslbauer B, Schmidt K, Mayer B, Gorren ACF. Selective Irreversible Inhibition of Neuronal and Inducible Nitric-oxide Synthase in the Combined Presence of Hydrogen Sulfide and Nitric Oxide. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:24932-44. [PMID: 26296888 PMCID: PMC4599001 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.660316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Citrulline formation by both human neuronal nitric-oxide synthase (nNOS) and mouse macrophage inducible NOS was inhibited by the hydrogen sulfide (H2S) donor Na2S with IC50 values of ∼2.4·10−5 and ∼7.9·10−5m, respectively, whereas human endothelial NOS was hardly affected at all. Inhibition of nNOS was not affected by the concentrations of l-arginine (Arg), NADPH, FAD, FMN, tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4), and calmodulin, indicating that H2S does not interfere with substrate or cofactor binding. The IC50 decreased to ∼1.5·10−5m at pH 6.0 and increased to ∼8.3·10−5m at pH 8.0. Preincubation of concentrated nNOS with H2S under turnover conditions decreased activity after dilution by ∼70%, suggesting irreversible inhibition. However, when calmodulin was omitted during preincubation, activity was not affected, suggesting that irreversible inhibition requires both H2S and NO. Likewise, NADPH oxidation was inhibited with an IC50 of ∼1.9·10−5m in the presence of Arg and BH4 but exhibited much higher IC50 values (∼1.0–6.1·10−4m) when Arg and/or BH4 was omitted. Moreover, the relatively weak inhibition of nNOS by Na2S in the absence of Arg and/or BH4 was markedly potentiated by the NO donor 1-(hydroxy-NNO-azoxy)-l-proline, disodium salt (IC50 ∼ 1.3–2.0·10−5m). These results suggest that nNOS and inducible NOS but not endothelial NOS are irreversibly inhibited by H2S/NO at modest concentrations of H2S in a reaction that may allow feedback inhibition of NO production under conditions of excessive NO/H2S formation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kerstin Geckl
- From the Departments of Pharmacology and Toxicology and
| | | | - Bernd Gesslbauer
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Karl Franzens University Graz, A-8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Kurt Schmidt
- From the Departments of Pharmacology and Toxicology and
| | - Bernd Mayer
- From the Departments of Pharmacology and Toxicology and
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71
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Heiss EH, Dirsch VM. Regulation of eNOS enzyme activity by posttranslational modification. Curr Pharm Des 2015; 20:3503-13. [PMID: 24180389 DOI: 10.2174/13816128113196660745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2013] [Accepted: 10/21/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The regulation of endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) employs multiple different cellular control mechanisms impinging on level and activity of the enzyme. This review aims at summarizing the current knowledge on the posttranslational modifications of eNOS, including acylation, nitrosylation, phosphorylation, acetylation, glycosylation and glutathionylation. Sites, mediators and impact on enzyme localization and activity of the single modifications will be discussed. Moreover, interdependence, cooperativity and competition between the different posttranslational modifications will be elaborated with special emphasis on the susceptibility of eNOS to metabolic cues.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Verena M Dirsch
- University of Vienna, Department of Pharmacognosy, Althanstrasse14, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
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72
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Palmer LA, Kimberly deRonde, Brown-Steinke K, Gunter S, Jyothikumar V, Forbes MS, Lewis SJ. Hypoxia-induced changes in protein s-nitrosylation in female mouse brainstem. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2015; 52:37-45. [PMID: 24922346 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2013-0359oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure to hypoxia elicits an increase in minute ventilation that diminishes during continued exposure (roll-off). Brainstem N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) and neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) contribute to the initial hypoxia-induced increases in minute ventilation. Roll-off is regulated by platelet-derived growth factor receptor-β (PDGFR-β) and S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO) reductase (GSNOR). S-nitrosylation inhibits activities of NMDAR and nNOS, but enhances GSNOR activity. The importance of S-nitrosylation in the hypoxic ventilatory response is unknown. This study confirms that ventilatory roll-off is virtually absent in female GSNOR(+/-) and GSNO(-/-) mice, and evaluated the location of GSNOR in female mouse brainstem, and temporal changes in GSNOR activity, protein expression, and S-nitrosylation status of GSNOR, NMDAR (1, 2A, 2B), nNOS, and PDGFR-β during hypoxic challenge. GSNOR-positive neurons were present throughout the brainstem, including the nucleus tractus solitarius. Protein abundances for GSNOR, nNOS, all NMDAR subunits and PDGFR-β were not altered by hypoxia. GSNOR activity and S-nitrosylation status temporally increased with hypoxia. In addition, nNOS S-nitrosylation increased with 3 and 15 minutes of hypoxia. Changes in NMDAR S-nitrosylation were detected in NMDAR 2B at 15 minutes of hypoxia. No hypoxia-induced changes in PDGFR-β S-nitrosylation were detected. However, PDGFR-β phosphorylation increased in the brainstems of wild-type mice during hypoxic exposure (consistent with roll-off), whereas it did not rise in GSNOR(+/-) mice (consistent with lack of roll-off). These data suggest that: (1) S-nitrosylation events regulate hypoxic ventilatory response; (2) increases in S-nitrosylation of NMDAR 2B, nNOS, and GSNOR may contribute to ventilatory roll-off; and (3) GSNOR regulates PDGFR-β phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa A Palmer
- 1 Department of Pediatrics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia
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73
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Kochańczyk T, Drozd A, Krężel A. Relationship between the architecture of zinc coordination and zinc binding affinity in proteins – insights into zinc regulation. Metallomics 2015; 7:244-57. [DOI: 10.1039/c4mt00094c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Relationship between the architecture and stability of zinc proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Kochańczyk
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology
- Faculty of Biotechnology
- University of Wrocław
- 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Drozd
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology
- Faculty of Biotechnology
- University of Wrocław
- 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Artur Krężel
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology
- Faculty of Biotechnology
- University of Wrocław
- 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
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74
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Horn M, Nienhaus K, Nienhaus GU. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy study of ligand photodissociation and migration in inducible nitric oxide synthase. F1000Res 2014; 3:290. [PMID: 25653844 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.5836.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/27/2014] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) is a homodimeric heme enzyme that catalyzes the formation of nitric oxide (NO) from dioxygen and L-arginine (L-Arg) in a two-step process. The produced NO can either diffuse out of the heme pocket into the surroundings or it can rebind to the heme iron and inhibit enzyme action. Here we have employed Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) photolysis difference spectroscopy at cryogenic temperatures, using the carbon monoxide (CO) and NO stretching bands as local probes of the active site of iNOS. Characteristic changes were observed in the spectra of the heme-bound ligands upon binding of the cofactors. Unlike photolyzed CO, which becomes trapped in well-defined orientations, as indicated by sharp photoproduct bands, photoproduct bands of NO photodissociated from the ferric heme iron were not visible, indicating that NO does not reside in the protein interior in a well-defined location or orientation. This may be favorable for NO release from the enzyme during catalysis because it reduces self-inhibition. Moreover, we used temperature derivative spectroscopy (TDS) with FTIR monitoring to explore the dynamics of NO and carbon monoxide (CO) inside iNOS after photodissociation at cryogenic temperatures. Only a single kinetic photoproduct state was revealed, but no secondary docking sites as in hemoglobins. Interestingly, we observed that intense illumination of six-coordinate ferrous iNOS oxy-NO ruptures the bond between the heme iron and the proximal thiolate to yield five-coordinate ferric iNOS oxy-NO, demonstrating the strong trans effect of the heme-bound NO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Horn
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Applied Physics, Karlsruhe, D-76131, Germany
| | - Karin Nienhaus
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Applied Physics, Karlsruhe, D-76131, Germany
| | - Gerd Ulrich Nienhaus
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Applied Physics, Karlsruhe, D-76131, Germany ; Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
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75
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Horn M, Nienhaus K, Nienhaus GU. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy study of ligand photodissociation and migration in inducible nitric oxide synthase. F1000Res 2014; 3:290. [PMID: 25653844 PMCID: PMC4304226 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.5836.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) is a homodimeric heme enzyme that catalyzes the formation of nitric oxide (NO) from dioxygen and L-arginine (L-Arg) in a two-step process. The produced NO can either diffuse out of the heme pocket into the surroundings or it can rebind to the heme iron and inhibit enzyme action. Here we have employed Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) photolysis difference spectroscopy at cryogenic temperatures, using the carbon monoxide (CO) and NO stretching bands as local probes of the active site of iNOS. Characteristic changes were observed in the spectra of the heme-bound ligands upon binding of the cofactors. Unlike photolyzed CO, which becomes trapped in well-defined orientations, as indicated by sharp photoproduct bands, photoproduct bands of NO photodissociated from the ferric heme iron were not visible, indicating that NO does not reside in the protein interior in a well-defined location or orientation. This may be favorable for NO release from the enzyme during catalysis because it reduces self-inhibition. Moreover, we used temperature derivative spectroscopy (TDS) with FTIR monitoring to explore the dynamics of NO and carbon monoxide (CO) inside iNOS after photodissociation at cryogenic temperatures. Only a single kinetic photoproduct state was revealed, but no secondary docking sites as in hemoglobins. Interestingly, we observed that intense illumination of six-coordinate ferrous iNOS oxy-NO ruptures the bond between the heme iron and the proximal thiolate to yield five-coordinate ferric iNOS oxy-NO, demonstrating the strong trans effect of the heme-bound NO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Horn
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Applied Physics, Karlsruhe, D-76131, Germany
| | - Karin Nienhaus
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Applied Physics, Karlsruhe, D-76131, Germany
| | - Gerd Ulrich Nienhaus
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Applied Physics, Karlsruhe, D-76131, Germany
- Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
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76
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Treuer AV, Gonzalez DR. Nitric oxide synthases, S-nitrosylation and cardiovascular health: from molecular mechanisms to therapeutic opportunities (review). Mol Med Rep 2014; 11:1555-65. [PMID: 25405382 PMCID: PMC4270315 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2014.2968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2013] [Accepted: 08/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The understanding of nitric oxide (NO) signaling has grown substantially since the identification of endothelial derived relaxing factor (EDRF). NO has emerged as a ubiquitous signaling molecule involved in diverse physiological and pathological processes. Perhaps the most significant function, independent of EDRF, is that of NO signaling mediated locally in signaling modules rather than relying upon diffusion. In this context, NO modulates protein function via direct post-translational modification of cysteine residues. This review explores NO signaling and related reactive nitrogen species involved in the regulation of the cardiovascular system. A critical concept in the understanding of NO signaling is that of the nitroso-redox balance. Reactive nitrogen species bioactivity is fundamentally linked to the production of reactive oxygen species. This interaction occurs at the chemical, enzymatic and signaling effector levels. Furthermore, the nitroso-redox equilibrium is in a delicate balance, involving the cross-talk between NO and oxygen-derived species signaling systems, including NADPH oxidases and xanthine oxidase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana V Treuer
- Laboratory of Organic Synthesis, Institute of Chemistry of Natural Resources, University of Talca, Talca 3460000, Chile
| | - Daniel R Gonzalez
- Department of Biomedical Basic Sciences, School of Health Sciences, University of Talca, Talca 3460000, Chile
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77
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Altaany Z, Ju Y, Yang G, Wang R. The coordination of S-sulfhydration, S-nitrosylation, and phosphorylation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase by hydrogen sulfide. Sci Signal 2014; 7:ra87. [PMID: 25205851 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.2005478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The gasotransmitter hydrogen sulfide (H(2)S), which is generated by cystathionine γ-lyase (CSE), signals by modifying proteins through S-sulfhydration and potentially other mechanisms. A target protein for H(2)S is endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), an enzyme that generates nitric oxide (NO), which causes vasodilation. We investigated whether H(2)S-induced S-sulfhydration affected the S-nitrosylation and phosphorylation of eNOS and the functional effects of changes in these posttranslational modifications on eNOS activity. In vitro, different NO donors induced the S-nitrosylation of eNOS without affecting its S-sulfhydration, whereas the H(2)S donor sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS) decreased the S-nitrosylation of eNOS. Cys(443) was the primary S-sulfhydration site in eNOS and was one site that could be S-nitrosylated. Phosphorylation increases eNOS activity. Although exposure of eNOS-expressing HEK-293 cells to NaHS or vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) triggered the phosphorylation of wild-type and C443G-eNOS, VEGF did not affect the S-sulfhydration of eNOS and a mutant of eNOS that could not be phosphorylated was still S-sulfhydrated. eNOS can be present in cells in monomeric or dimeric form, but only eNOS dimers produce NO. In wild-type mice, eNOS proteins were predominantly dimerized, whereas eNOS from CSE-knockout (KO) mice, S-nitrosylated eNOS, and heterologously expressed C443G-eNOS was mostly monomeric. Accordingly, basal production of NO was lower in CSE-KO endothelial cells than in wild-type endothelial cells. Our data suggest that H(2)S increases eNOS activity by inducing the S-sulfhydration of eNOS, promoting its phosphorylation, inhibiting its S-nitrosylation, and increasing eNOS dimerization, whereas NO decreases eNOS activity by promoting the formation of eNOS monomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaid Altaany
- Department of Biology, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, Ontario P7B 5E1, Canada. Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research Unit, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, Ontario P7B 5E1, Canada
| | - YoungJun Ju
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research Unit, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, Ontario P7B 5E1, Canada. The School of Kinesiology, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, Ontario P7B 5E1, Canada
| | - Guangdong Yang
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research Unit, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, Ontario P7B 5E1, Canada. The School of Kinesiology, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, Ontario P7B 5E1, Canada
| | - Rui Wang
- Department of Biology, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, Ontario P7B 5E1, Canada. Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research Unit, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, Ontario P7B 5E1, Canada.
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Jayakumari NR, Reghuvaran AC, Rajendran RS, Pillai VV, Karunakaran J, Sreelatha HV, Gopala S. Are nitric oxide-mediated protein modifications of functional significance in diabetic heart? ye'S, -NO', wh'Y-NO't? Nitric Oxide 2014; 43:35-44. [PMID: 25153035 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2014.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2014] [Revised: 08/08/2014] [Accepted: 08/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Protein modifications effected by nitric oxide (NO) primarily in conjunction with reactive oxygen species (ROS) include tyrosine nitration, cysteine S-nitrosylation, and glutathionylation. The physiological and pathological relevance of these three modifications is determined by the amino acids on which these modifications occur -cysteine and tyrosine, for instance, ranging from altering structural integrity/catalytic activity of proteins or by altering propensity towards protein degradation. Even though tyrosine nitration is a well-established nitroxidative stress marker, instilled as a footprint of oxygen- and nitrogen-derived oxidants, newer data suggest its wider role in embryonic heart development and substantiate the need to focus on elucidating the underlying mechanisms of reversibility and specificity of tyrosine nitration. S-nitrosylation is a covalent modification in specific cysteine residues of proteins and is suggested as one of the ways in which NO contributes to its ubiquitous signalling. Several sensitive and specific techniques including biotin switch assay and mass spectrometry based analysis make it possible to identify a large number of these modified proteins, and provide a great deal of potential S-nitrosylation sites. The number of studies that have documented nitrated proteins in diabetic heart is relatively much less compared to what has been published in the normal physiology and other cardiac pathologies. Nevertheless, elucidation of nitrated proteome of diabetic heart has revealed the presence of many mitochondrial and cytosolic proteins of functional importance. But, the existence of different models of diabetes and analyses at diverse stages of this disease have impeded scientists from gaining insights that would be essential to understand the cardiac complications during diabetes. This review summarizes NO mediated protein modifications documented in normal and abnormal heart physiology including diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nandini Ravikumar Jayakumari
- Department of Biochemistry, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram 695011, India
| | - Anand Chellappan Reghuvaran
- Department of Biochemistry, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram 695011, India
| | - Raji Sasikala Rajendran
- Department of Biochemistry, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram 695011, India
| | - Vivek Velayudhan Pillai
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram 695011, India
| | - Jayakumar Karunakaran
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram 695011, India
| | - Harikrishnan Vijayakumar Sreelatha
- Division of Laboratory Animal Sciences, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram 695011, India
| | - Srinivas Gopala
- Department of Biochemistry, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram 695011, India.
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79
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Murphy E, Kohr M, Menazza S, Nguyen T, Evangelista A, Sun J, Steenbergen C. Signaling by S-nitrosylation in the heart. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2014; 73:18-25. [PMID: 24440455 PMCID: PMC4214076 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2014.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2013] [Revised: 01/06/2014] [Accepted: 01/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Nitric oxide is a gaseous signaling molecule that is well-known for the Nobel prize-winning research that defined nitric oxide as a physiological regulator of blood pressure in the cardiovascular system. Nitric oxide can signal via the classical pathway involving activation of guanylyl cyclase or by a post-translational modification, referred to as S-nitrosylation (SNO) that can occur on cysteine residues of proteins. As proteins with cysteine residues are common, this allows for amplification of the nitric oxide signaling. This review will focus on the possible mechanisms through which SNO can alter protein function in cardiac cells, and the role of SNO occupancy in these mechanisms. The specific mechanisms that regulate protein SNO, including redox-dependent processes, will also be discussed. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled "Redox Signalling in the Cardiovascular System".
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Murphy
- Cardiac Physiology Laboratory, Systems Biology Center, NHLBI, NIH, USA.
| | - Mark Kohr
- Cardiac Physiology Laboratory, Systems Biology Center, NHLBI, NIH, USA; Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Sara Menazza
- Cardiac Physiology Laboratory, Systems Biology Center, NHLBI, NIH, USA
| | - Tiffany Nguyen
- Cardiac Physiology Laboratory, Systems Biology Center, NHLBI, NIH, USA
| | | | - Junhui Sun
- Cardiac Physiology Laboratory, Systems Biology Center, NHLBI, NIH, USA
| | - Charles Steenbergen
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, USA
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80
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Oliver JL, Kavoussi PK, Smith RP, Woodson RI, Corbett ST, Costabile RA, Palmer LA, Lysiak JJ. The Role of Regulatory Proteins and S‐nitrosylation of Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase in the Human Clitoris: Implications for Female Sexual Function. J Sex Med 2014; 11:1927-35. [DOI: 10.1111/jsm.12576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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81
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Shin E, Yeo E, Lim J, Chang YH, Park H, Shim E, Chung H, Hwang HJ, Chun J, Hwang J. Nitrooleate mediates nitric oxide synthase activation in endothelial cells. Lipids 2014; 49:457-66. [PMID: 24664541 DOI: 10.1007/s11745-014-3893-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2013] [Accepted: 02/18/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Nitrated lipids such as nitrooleate (OLA-NO2) can act as endogenous peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) ligands to exert vascular protective effects. However, the molecular mechanisms regarding nitric oxide (NO) production and its regulation are not fully defined in the vasculature. Here, we show that OLA-NO2 increased endothelial NO release by modulating activation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) in endothelial cells. Treatment with OLA-NO2 (3 μM) increased NO release in a time-dependent manner. OLA-NO2 decreased protein expression of eNOS and caveolin-1 (Cav-1) but increased heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) expression. Immunoprecipitation analysis confirmed that OLA-NO2 replaced eNOS/Cav-1 with eNOS/Hsp90 interaction, resulting in increasing eNOS activity. OLA-NO2 also induced eNOS phosphorylation at Ser633 and Ser1177 and eNOS dephosphorylation at Ser113 and Thr495. In addition, OLA-NO2 induced phosphorylation of Akt and extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (ERK1/2), which might contribute to eNOS activation. Collectively, these results substantiate a new functional role for nitrated fatty acid, demonstrating that OLA-NO2 exerts vascular protective effects by increasing NO bioavailability through eNOS phosphorylation/dephosphorylation and interaction with associated proteins such as Hsp90 and Cav-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunju Shin
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Natural Sciences, Myongji University, YongIn, 449-728, Korea
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82
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Song P, Zou MH. Redox regulation of endothelial cell fate. Cell Mol Life Sci 2014; 71:3219-39. [PMID: 24633153 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-014-1598-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2013] [Revised: 02/26/2014] [Accepted: 02/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Endothelial cells (ECs) are present throughout blood vessels and have variable roles in both physiological and pathological settings. EC fate is altered and regulated by several key factors in physiological or pathological conditions. Reactive nitrogen species and reactive oxygen species derived from NAD(P)H oxidases, mitochondria, or nitric oxide-producing enzymes are not only cytotoxic but also compose a signaling network in the redox system. The formation, actions, key molecular interactions, and physiological and pathological relevance of redox signals in ECs remain unclear. We review the identities, sources, and biological actions of oxidants and reductants produced during EC function or dysfunction. Further, we discuss how ECs shape key redox sensors and examine the biological functions, transcriptional responses, and post-translational modifications evoked by the redox system in ECs. We summarize recent findings regarding the mechanisms by which redox signals regulate the fate of ECs and address the outcome of altered EC fate in health and disease. Future studies will examine if the redox biology of ECs can be targeted in pathophysiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Song
- Section of Molecular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 941 Stanton L Young Blvd., Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA,
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83
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Rafikov R, Kumar S, Aggarwal S, Hou Y, Kangath A, Pardo D, Fineman JR, Black SM. Endothelin-1 stimulates catalase activity through the PKCδ-mediated phosphorylation of serine 167. Free Radic Biol Med 2014; 67:255-64. [PMID: 24211614 PMCID: PMC3945115 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2013.10.814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2013] [Revised: 10/15/2013] [Accepted: 10/17/2013] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Our previous studies have shown that endothelin-1 (ET-1) stimulates catalase activity in endothelial cells and in lambs with acute increases in pulmonary blood flow (PBF), without altering gene expression. The purpose of this study was to investigate the molecular mechanism by which this occurs. Exposing pulmonary arterial endothelial cells to ET-1 increased catalase activity and decreased cellular hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) levels. These changes correlated with an increase in serine-phosphorylated catalase. Using the inhibitory peptide δV1.1, this phosphorylation was shown to be protein kinase Cδ (PKCδ) dependent. Mass spectrometry identified serine 167 as the phosphorylation site. Site-directed mutagenesis was used to generate a phospho-mimic (S167D) catalase. Activity assays using recombinant protein purified from Escherichia coli or transiently transfected COS-7 cells demonstrated that S167D catalase had an increased ability to degrade H2O2 compared to the wild-type enzyme. Using a phospho-specific antibody, we were able to verify that pS167 catalase levels are modulated in lambs with acute increases in PBF in the presence and absence of the ET receptor antagonist tezosentan. S167 is located on the dimeric interface, suggesting it could be involved in regulating the formation of catalase tetramers. To evaluate this possibility we utilized analytical gel filtration to examine the multimeric structure of recombinant wild-type and S167D catalase. We found that recombinant wild-type catalase was present as a mixture of monomers and dimers, whereas S167D catalase was primarily tetrameric. Further, the incubation of wild-type catalase with PKCδ was sufficient to convert wild-type catalase into a tetrameric structure. In conclusion, this is the first report indicating that the phosphorylation of catalase regulates its multimeric structure and activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruslan Rafikov
- Pulmonary Disease Program, Vascular Biology Center, Georgia Regents University, Augusta GA 30912
- Please address correspondence and proofs to: Stephen M. Black, Ph.D., Vascular Biology Center, Georgia Regents University, 1459 Laney Walker Blvd, CB 3211-B, Augusta, GA-30912, Tel: 706-721-7860,
| | - Sanjiv Kumar
- Pulmonary Disease Program, Vascular Biology Center, Georgia Regents University, Augusta GA 30912
- Please address correspondence and proofs to: Stephen M. Black, Ph.D., Vascular Biology Center, Georgia Regents University, 1459 Laney Walker Blvd, CB 3211-B, Augusta, GA-30912, Tel: 706-721-7860,
| | - Saurabh Aggarwal
- Pulmonary Disease Program, Vascular Biology Center, Georgia Regents University, Augusta GA 30912
| | - Yali Hou
- Pulmonary Disease Program, Vascular Biology Center, Georgia Regents University, Augusta GA 30912
| | - Archana Kangath
- Pulmonary Disease Program, Vascular Biology Center, Georgia Regents University, Augusta GA 30912
| | - Daniel Pardo
- Pulmonary Disease Program, Vascular Biology Center, Georgia Regents University, Augusta GA 30912
| | - Jeffrey R. Fineman
- Department of Pediatrics University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94143
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94143
| | - Stephen M. Black
- Pulmonary Disease Program, Vascular Biology Center, Georgia Regents University, Augusta GA 30912
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84
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Rafikov R, Kumar S, Aggarwal S, Pardo D, Fonseca FV, Ransom J, Rafikova O, Chen Q, Springer ML, Black SM. Protein engineering to develop a redox insensitive endothelial nitric oxide synthase. Redox Biol 2014; 2:156-64. [PMID: 25460726 PMCID: PMC4297941 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2013.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2013] [Accepted: 12/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The zinc tetrathiolate (ZnS4) cluster is an important structural feature of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS). The cluster is located on the dimeric interface and four cysteine residues (C94 and C99 from two adjacent subunits) form a cluster with a Zn ion in the center of a tetrahedral configuration. Due to its high sensitivity to oxidants this cluster is responsible for eNOS dimer destabilization during periods of redox stress. In this work we utilized site directed mutagenesis to replace the redox sensitive cysteine residues in the ZnS4 cluster with redox stable tetra-arginines. Our data indicate that this C94R/C99R eNOS mutant is active. In addition, this mutant protein is insensitive to dimer disruption and inhibition when challenged with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Further, the overexpression of the C94R/C99R mutant preserved the angiogenic response in endothelial cells challenged with H2O2. The over-expression of the C94R/C99R mutant preserved the ability of endothelial cells to migrate towards vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and preserved the endothelial monolayer in a scratch wound assay. We propose that this dimer stable eNOS mutant could be utilized in the treatment of diseases in which there is eNOS dysfunction due to high levels of oxidative stress. The ZnS4 cluster is an important structural feature of eNOS. This cluster is responsible for eNOS dimer destabilization during redox stress. Site directed mutagenesis replaced ZnS4 clusters with redox stable tetra-arginines. This eNOS mutant is insensitive to dimer disruption during redox stress. This eNOS mutant continues to produce NO during redox stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruslan Rafikov
- Pulmonary Vascular Disease, Vascular Biology Center, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Sanjiv Kumar
- Pulmonary Vascular Disease, Vascular Biology Center, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Saurabh Aggarwal
- Pulmonary Vascular Disease, Vascular Biology Center, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Daniel Pardo
- Pulmonary Vascular Disease, Vascular Biology Center, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Fabio V Fonseca
- Pulmonary Vascular Disease, Vascular Biology Center, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Jessica Ransom
- Pulmonary Vascular Disease, Vascular Biology Center, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Olga Rafikova
- Pulmonary Vascular Disease, Vascular Biology Center, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Qiumei Chen
- The Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Matthew L Springer
- The Division of Cardiology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Stephen M Black
- Pulmonary Vascular Disease, Vascular Biology Center, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, USA.
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85
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Hsieh HJ, Liu CA, Huang B, Tseng AH, Wang DL. Shear-induced endothelial mechanotransduction: the interplay between reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide (NO) and the pathophysiological implications. J Biomed Sci 2014; 21:3. [PMID: 24410814 PMCID: PMC3898375 DOI: 10.1186/1423-0127-21-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 197] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2013] [Accepted: 01/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Hemodynamic shear stress, the blood flow-generated frictional force acting on the vascular endothelial cells, is essential for endothelial homeostasis under normal physiological conditions. Mechanosensors on endothelial cells detect shear stress and transduce it into biochemical signals to trigger vascular adaptive responses. Among the various shear-induced signaling molecules, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide (NO) have been implicated in vascular homeostasis and diseases. In this review, we explore the molecular, cellular, and vascular processes arising from shear-induced signaling (mechanotransduction) with emphasis on the roles of ROS and NO, and also discuss the mechanisms that may lead to excessive vascular remodeling and thus drive pathobiologic processes responsible for atherosclerosis. Current evidence suggests that NADPH oxidase is one of main cellular sources of ROS generation in endothelial cells under flow condition. Flow patterns and magnitude of shear determine the amount of ROS produced by endothelial cells, usually an irregular flow pattern (disturbed or oscillatory) producing higher levels of ROS than a regular flow pattern (steady or pulsatile). ROS production is closely linked to NO generation and elevated levels of ROS lead to low NO bioavailability, as is often observed in endothelial cells exposed to irregular flow. The low NO bioavailability is partly caused by the reaction of ROS with NO to form peroxynitrite, a key molecule which may initiate many pro-atherogenic events. This differential production of ROS and RNS (reactive nitrogen species) under various flow patterns and conditions modulates endothelial gene expression and thus results in differential vascular responses. Moreover, ROS/RNS are able to promote specific post-translational modifications in regulatory proteins (including S-glutathionylation, S-nitrosylation and tyrosine nitration), which constitute chemical signals that are relevant in cardiovascular pathophysiology. Overall, the dynamic interplay between local hemodynamic milieu and the resulting oxidative and S-nitrosative modification of regulatory proteins is important for ensuing vascular homeostasis. Based on available evidence, it is proposed that a regular flow pattern produces lower levels of ROS and higher NO bioavailability, creating an anti-atherogenic environment. On the other hand, an irregular flow pattern results in higher levels of ROS and yet lower NO bioavailability, thus triggering pro-atherogenic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Danny Ling Wang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan.
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86
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Su Y, Qadri SM, Hossain M, Wu L, Liu L. Uncoupling of eNOS contributes to redox-sensitive leukocyte recruitment and microvascular leakage elicited by methylglyoxal. Biochem Pharmacol 2013; 86:1762-74. [PMID: 24144633 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2013.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2013] [Revised: 10/10/2013] [Accepted: 10/11/2013] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Elevated levels of the glycolysis metabolite methylglyoxal (MG) have been implicated in impaired leukocyte-endothelial interactions and vascular complications in diabetes, putative mechanisms of which remain elusive. Uncoupling of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) was shown to be involved in endothelial dysfunction in diabetes. Whether MG contributes to these effects has not been elucidated. By using intravital microscopy in vivo, we demonstrate that MG-triggered reduction in leukocyte rolling velocity and increases in rolling flux, adhesion, emigration and microvascular permeability were significantly abated by scavenging reactive oxygen species (ROS). In murine cremaster muscle, MG treatment reduced tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4)/total biopterin ratio, increased arginase expression and stimulated ROS and superoxide production. The latter was significantly blunted by ROS scavengers Tempol (300μM) or MnTBAP (300μM), by BH4 supplementation (100μM) or by NOS inhibitor N(G)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME; 20μM). In these tissues and cultured murine and human primary endothelial cells, MG increased eNOS monomerization and decreased BH4/total biopterin ratio, effects that were significantly mitigated by supplementation of BH4 or its precursor sepiapterin but not by L-NAME or tetrahydroneopterin, indicative of MG-triggered eNOS uncoupling. MG treatment further decreased the expression of guanosine triphosphate cyclohydrolase I in murine primary endothelial cells. MG-induced leukocyte recruitment was significantly attenuated by supplementation of BH4 or sepiapterin or suppression of superoxide by L-NAME confirming the role of eNOS uncoupling in MG-elicited leukocyte recruitment. Together, our study uncovers eNOS uncoupling as a pivotal mechanism in MG-induced oxidative stress, microvascular hyperpermeability and leukocyte recruitment in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Su
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada S7N 5E5
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87
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Su Y, Qadri SM, Wu L, Liu L. Methylglyoxal modulates endothelial nitric oxide synthase-associated functions in EA.hy926 endothelial cells. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2013; 12:134. [PMID: 24050620 PMCID: PMC4015749 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2840-12-134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2013] [Accepted: 09/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increased levels of the sugar metabolite methylglyoxal (MG) in vivo were shown to participate in the pathophysiology of vascular complications in diabetes. Alterations of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) activity by hypophosphorylation of the enzyme and enhanced monomerization are found in the diabetic milieu, and the regulation of this still remains undefined. Using various pharmacological approaches, we elucidate putative mechanisms by which MG modulates eNOS-associated functions of MG-stimulated superoxide O₂•⁻ production, phosphorylation status and eNOS uncoupling in EA.hy926 human endothelial cells. METHODS In cultured EA.hy926 endothelial cells, the effects of MG treatment, tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4; 100 μM) and sepiapterin (20 μM) supplementation, NOS inhibition by N(G)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME; 50 μM), and inhibition of peroxynitrite (ONOO⁻) formation (300 μM Tempol plus 50 μM L-NAME) on eNOS dimer/monomer ratios, Ser-1177 eNOS phosphorylation and 3-nitrotyrosine (3NT) abundance were quantified using immunoblotting. O₂•⁻-dependent fluorescence was determined using a commercially available kit and tissue biopterin levels were measured by fluorometric HPLC analysis. RESULTS In EA.hy926 cells, MG treatment significantly enhanced O₂•⁻ generation and 3NT expression and reduced Ser-1177 eNOS phosphorylation, eNOS dimer/monomer ratio and cellular biopterin levels indicative of eNOS uncoupling. These effects were significantly mitigated by administration of BH4, sepiapterin and suppression of ONOO⁻ formation. L-NAME treatment significantly blunted eNOS-derived O₂•⁻ generation but did not modify eNOS phosphorylation or monomerization. CONCLUSION MG triggers eNOS uncoupling and hypophosphorylation in EA.hy926 endothelial cells associated with O₂•⁻ generation and biopterin depletion. The observed effects of the glycolysis metabolite MG presumably account, at least in part, for endothelial dysfunction in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Su
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 107 Wiggins Road, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Syed M Qadri
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 107 Wiggins Road, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Lingyun Wu
- Department of Health Sciences, Lakehead University and Thunder Bay Regional Research Institute, Thunder Bay, ON, Canada
| | - Lixin Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 107 Wiggins Road, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
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88
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Paulsen C, Carroll KS. Cysteine-mediated redox signaling: chemistry, biology, and tools for discovery. Chem Rev 2013; 113:4633-79. [PMID: 23514336 PMCID: PMC4303468 DOI: 10.1021/cr300163e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 801] [Impact Index Per Article: 72.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Candice
E. Paulsen
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research
Institute, Jupiter, Florida, 33458, United States
| | - Kate S. Carroll
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research
Institute, Jupiter, Florida, 33458, United States
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89
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Altaany Z, Yang G, Wang R. Crosstalk between hydrogen sulfide and nitric oxide in endothelial cells. J Cell Mol Med 2013; 17:879-88. [PMID: 23742697 PMCID: PMC3822893 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.12077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2012] [Accepted: 04/12/2013] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and nitric oxide (NO) are major gasotransmitters produced in endothelial cells (ECs), contributing to the regulation of vascular contractility and structural integrity. Their interaction at different levels would have a profound impact on angiogenesis. Here, we showed that H2S and NO stimulated the formation of new microvessels. Incubation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs-926) with NaHS (a H2S donor) stimulated the phosphorylation of endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) and enhanced NO production. H2S had little effect on eNOS protein expression in ECs. L-cysteine, a precursor of H2S, stimulated NO production whereas blockage of the activity of H2S-generating enzyme, cystathionine gamma-lyase (CSE), inhibited this action. CSE knockdown inhibited, but CSE overexpression increased, NO production as well as EC proliferation. LY294002 (Akt/PI3-K inhibitor) or SB203580 (p38 MAPK inhibitor) abolished the effects of H2S on eNOS phosphorylation, NO production, cell proliferation and tube formation. Blockade of NO production by eNOS-specific siRNA or nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) reversed, but eNOS overexpression potentiated, the proliferative effect of H2S on ECs. Our results suggest that H2S stimulates the phosphorylation of eNOS through a p38 MAPK and Akt-dependent pathway, thus increasing NO production in ECs and vascular tissues and contributing to H2S-induced angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaid Altaany
- Department of Biology, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada
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90
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Tarnoki DL, Tarnoki AD, Medda E, Littvay L, Lazar Z, Toccaceli V, Fagnani C, Stazi MA, Nisticó L, Brescianini S, Penna L, Lucatelli P, Boatta E, Zini C, Fanelli F, Baracchini C, Meneghetti G, Koller A, Osztovits J, Jermendy G, Preda I, Kiss RG, Karlinger K, Lannert A, Horvath T, Schillaci G, Molnar AA, Garami Z, Berczi V, Horvath I. Genetic influence on the relation between exhaled nitric oxide and pulse wave reflection. J Breath Res 2013; 7:026008. [PMID: 23660450 DOI: 10.1088/1752-7155/7/2/026008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide has an important role in the development of the structure and function of the airways and vessel walls. Fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FE(NO)) is inversely related to the markers and risk factors of atherosclerosis. We aimed to estimate the relative contribution of genes and shared and non-shared environmental influences to variations and covariation of FE(NO) levels and the marker of elasticity function of arteries. Adult Caucasian twin pairs (n = 117) were recruited in Hungary, Italy and in the United States (83 monozygotic and 34 dizygotic pairs; age: 48 ± 16 SD years). FE(NO) was measured by an electrochemical sensor-based device. Pulse wave reflection (aortic augmentation index, Aix(ao)) was determined by an oscillometric method (Arteriograph). A bivariate Cholesky decomposition model was applied to investigate whether the heritabilities of FE(NO) and Aix(ao) were linked. Genetic effects accounted for 58% (95% confidence interval (CI): 42%, 71%) of the variation in FE(NO) with the remaining 42% (95%CI: 29%, 58%) due to non-shared environmental influences. A modest negative correlation was observed between FE(NO) and Aix(ao) (r = -0.17; 95%CI:-0.32,-0.02). FE(NO) showed a significant negative genetic correlation with Aix(ao) (r(g) = -0.25; 95%CI:-0.46,-0.02). Thus in humans, variations in FE(NO) are explained both by genetic and non-shared environmental effects. Covariance between FE(NO) and Aix(ao) is explained entirely by shared genetic factors. This is consistent with an overlap among the sets of genes involved in the expression of these phenotypes and provides a basis for further genetic studies on cardiovascular and respiratory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Laszlo Tarnoki
- Department of Radiology and Oncotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary, 78/a Ulloi Street, Budapest 1082, Hungary.
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91
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Methods for detection and characterization of protein S-nitrosylation. Methods 2013; 62:138-50. [PMID: 23628946 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2013.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2012] [Revised: 04/15/2013] [Accepted: 04/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Reversible protein S-nitrosylation, defined as the covalent addition of a nitroso moiety to the reactive thiol group on a cysteine residue, has received increasing recognition as a critical post-translational modification that exerts ubiquitous influence in a wide range of cellular pathways and physiological processes. Due to the lability of the S-NO bond, which is a dynamic modification, and the low abundance of endogenously S-nitrosylated proteins in vivo, unambiguous identification of S-nitrosylated proteins and S-nitrosylation sites remains methodologically challenging. In this review, we summarize recent advancements and the use of state-of-art approaches for the enrichment, systematic identification and quantitation of S-nitrosylation protein targets and their modification sites at the S-nitrosoproteome scale. These advancements have facilitated the global identification of >3000 S-nitrosylated proteins that are associated with wide range of human diseases. These strategies hold promise to site-specifically unravel potential molecular targets and to change S-nitrosylation-based pathophysiology, which may further the understanding of the potential role of S-nitrosylation in diseases.
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92
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He M, Liang X, He L, Wen W, Zhao S, Wen L, Liu Y, Shyy JYJ, Yuan Z. Endothelial dysfunction in rheumatoid arthritis: the role of monocyte chemotactic protein-1-induced protein. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2013; 33:1384-91. [PMID: 23580143 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.113.301490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Patients with rheumatoid arthritis are prone to atherosclerosis. We explored the role of elevated level of monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1)-induced protein (MCPIP) in endothelial dysfunction associated with rheumatoid arthritis. APPROACH AND RESULTS The level of MCP-1 was elevated in sera from mice with collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) and was negatively correlated with endothelium-dependent vessel dilation. Aortas from CIA mice showed increased expression of MCPIP but decreased bioavailability of endothelial NO synthase-derived NO. Administering MCP-1 neutralizing antibody to CIA mice decreased the MCPIP level in aortas and alleviated endothelial dysfunction. In vitro, treating cultured vascular endothelial cells with MCP-1 or sera from CIA mice or rheumatoid arthritis patients increased the expression of MCPIP but inhibited endothelial NO synthase phosphorylation. These detrimental effects were reproduced in endothelial cells overexpressing MCPIP, with elevated redox stress. Small interfering RNA knockdown of MCPIP restored the endothelial NO synthase-derived NO bioavailability. Administering simvastatin to CIA mice ameliorated the endothelial dysfunction, with attendant decreased aortic level of MCPIP. The beneficial effect of the statin was mediated by inhibiting nuclear factor κB binding to the MCPIP gene enhancer. CONCLUSIONS Increased MCPIP is found in rheumatoid arthritis leading to endothelial dysfunction. Statin treatment or MCP-1 neutralizing antibody administration antagonizes MCPIP expression, thereby attenuating the endothelial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming He
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Cardiovascular Research Center, Medical School, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
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93
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Amiya E, Watanabe M, Takeda N, Saito T, Shiga T, Hosoya Y, Nakao T, Imai Y, Manabe I, Nagai R, Komuro I, Maemura K. Angiotensin II impairs endothelial nitric-oxide synthase bioavailability under free cholesterol-enriched conditions via intracellular free cholesterol-rich membrane microdomains. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:14497-14509. [PMID: 23548909 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.448522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Vascular endothelial function is impaired in hypercholesterolemia partly because of injury by modified LDL. In addition to modified LDL, free cholesterol (FC) is thought to play an important role in the development of endothelial dysfunction, although the precise mechanisms remain to be elucidated. The aim of this study was to clarify the mechanisms of endothelial dysfunction induced by an FC-rich environment. Loading cultured human aortic endothelial cells with FC induced the formation of vesicular structures composed of FC-rich membranes. Raft proteins such as phospho-caveolin-1 (Tyr-14) and small GTPase Rac were accumulated toward FC-rich membranes around vesicular structures. In the presence of these vesicles, angiotensin II-induced production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was considerably enhanced. This ROS shifted endothelial NOS (eNOS) toward vesicle membranes and vesicles with a FC-rich domain trafficked toward perinuclear late endosomes/lysosomes, which resulted in the deterioration of eNOS Ser-1177 phosphorylation and NO production. Angiotensin II-induced ROS decreased the bioavailability of eNOS under the FC-enriched condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eisuke Amiya
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Masafumi Watanabe
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Norihiko Takeda
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Saito
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Taro Shiga
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Yumiko Hosoya
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Tomoko Nakao
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Yasushi Imai
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Ichiro Manabe
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Ryozo Nagai
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan; Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke 329-0498, Japan
| | - Issei Komuro
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan; Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Koji Maemura
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki 852-8102, Japan.
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94
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Maron BA, Tang SS, Loscalzo J. S-nitrosothiols and the S-nitrosoproteome of the cardiovascular system. Antioxid Redox Signal 2013; 18:270-87. [PMID: 22770551 PMCID: PMC3518544 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2012.4744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2012] [Revised: 06/26/2012] [Accepted: 07/08/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Since their discovery in the early 1990's, S-nitrosylated proteins have been increasingly recognized as important determinants of many biochemical processes. Specifically, S-nitrosothiols in the cardiovascular system exert many actions, including promoting vasodilation, inhibiting platelet aggregation, and regulating Ca(2+) channel function that influences myocyte contractility and electrophysiologic stability. RECENT ADVANCES Contemporary developments in liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry methods, the development of biotin- and His-tag switch assays, and the availability of cyanide dye-labeling for S-nitrosothiol detection in vitro have increased significantly the identification of a number of cardiovascular protein targets of S-nitrosylation in vivo. CRITICAL ISSUES Recent analyses using modern S-nitrosothiol detection techniques have revealed the mechanistic significance of S-nitrosylation to the pathophysiology of numerous cardiovascular diseases, including essential hypertension, pulmonary hypertension, ischemic heart disease, stroke, and congestive heart failure, among others. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Despite enhanced insight into S-nitrosothiol biochemistry, translating these advances into beneficial pharmacotherapies for patients with cardiovascular diseases remains a primary as-yet unmet goal for investigators within the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bradley A Maron
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
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95
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Haldar SM, Stamler JS. S-nitrosylation: integrator of cardiovascular performance and oxygen delivery. J Clin Invest 2013; 123:101-10. [PMID: 23281416 DOI: 10.1172/jci62854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Delivery of oxygen to tissues is the primary function of the cardiovascular system. NO, a gasotransmitter that signals predominantly through protein S-nitrosylation to form S-nitrosothiols (SNOs) in target proteins, operates coordinately with oxygen in mammalian cellular systems. From this perspective, SNO-based signaling may have evolved as a major transducer of the cellular oxygen-sensing machinery that underlies global cardiovascular function. Here we review mechanisms that regulate S-nitrosylation in the context of its essential role in "systems-level" control of oxygen sensing, delivery, and utilization in the cardiovascular system, and we highlight examples of aberrant S-nitrosylation that may lead to altered oxygen homeostasis in cardiovascular diseases. Thus, through a bird's-eye view of S-nitrosylation in the cardiovascular system, we provide a conceptual framework that may be broadly applicable to the functioning of other cellular systems and physiological processes and that illuminates new therapeutic promise in cardiovascular medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saptarsi M Haldar
- Department of Medicine and Cardiovascular Division, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine and University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.
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96
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N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor-dependent denitrosylation of neuronal nitric oxide synthase increase the enzyme activity. PLoS One 2012; 7:e52788. [PMID: 23285183 PMCID: PMC3532120 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0052788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2012] [Accepted: 11/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Our laboratory once reported that neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) S-nitrosylation was decreased in rat hippocampus during cerebral ischemia-reperfusion, but the underlying mechanism was unclear. In this study, we show that nNOS activity is dynamically regulated by S-nitrosylation. We found that overexpressed nNOS in HEK293 (human embryonic kidney) cells could be S-nitrosylated by exogenous NO donor GSNO and which is associated with the enzyme activity decrease. Cys331, one of the zinc-tetrathiolate cysteines, was identified as the key site of nNOS S-nitrosylation. In addition, we also found that nNOS is highly S-nitrosylated in resting rat hippocampal neurons and the enzyme undergos denitrosylation during the process of rat brain ischemia/reperfusion. Intrestingly, the process of nNOS denitrosylation is coupling with the decrease of nNOS phosphorylation at Ser847, a site associated with nNOS activation. Further more, we document that nNOS denitrosylation could be suppressed by pretreatment of neurons with MK801, an antagonist of NMDAR, GSNO, EGTA, BAPTA, W-7, an inhibitor of calmodulin as well as TrxR1 antisense oligonucleotide (AS-ODN) respectively. Taken together, our data demonstrate that the denitrosylation of nNOS induced by calcium ion influx is a NMDAR-dependent process during the early stage of ischemia/reperfusion, which is majorly mediated by thioredoxin-1 (Trx1) system. nNOS dephosphorylation may be induced by the enzyme denitrosylation, which suggest that S-nitrosylation/denitrosylation of nNOS may be an important mechanism in regulating the enzyme activity.
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97
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Calmodulin-induced structural changes in endothelial nitric oxide synthase. FEBS Lett 2012; 587:297-301. [PMID: 23266515 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2012.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2012] [Revised: 12/10/2012] [Accepted: 12/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We have derived structures of intact calmodulin (CaM)-free and CaM-bound endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) by reconstruction from cryo-electron micrographs. The CaM-free reconstruction is well fitted by the oxygenase domain dimer, but the reductase domains are not visible, suggesting they are mobile and thus delocalized. Additional protein is visible in the CaM-bound reconstruction, concentrated in volumes near two basic patches on each oxygenase domain. One of these corresponds with a presumptive docking site for the reductase domain FMN-binding module. The other is proposed to correspond with a docking site for CaM. A model is suggested in which CaM binding and docking position the reductase domains near the oxygenase domains and promote docking of the FMN-binding modules required for electron transfer.
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98
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Khan M, Dhammu TS, Sakakima H, Shunmugavel A, Gilg AG, Singh AK, Singh I. The inhibitory effect of S-nitrosoglutathione on blood-brain barrier disruption and peroxynitrite formation in a rat model of experimental stroke. J Neurochem 2012; 123 Suppl 2:86-97. [PMID: 23050646 PMCID: PMC3481195 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2012.07947.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The hallmark of stroke injury is endothelial dysfunction leading to blood-brain barrier (BBB) leakage and edema. Among the causative factors of BBB disruption are accelerating peroxynitrite formation and the resultant decreased bioavailability of nitric oxide (NO). S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO), an S-nitrosylating agent, was found not only to reduce the levels of peroxynitrite but also to protect the integrity of BBB in a rat model of cerebral ischemia and reperfusion (IR). A treatment with GSNO (3 μmol/kg) after IR reduced 3-nitrotyrosine levels in and around vessels and maintained NO levels in brain. This mechanism protected endothelial function by reducing BBB leakage, increasing the expression of Zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1), decreasing edema, and reducing the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-9 and E-selectin in the neurovascular unit. An administration of the peroxynitrite-forming agent 3-morpholino sydnonimine (3 μmol/kg) at reperfusion increased BBB leakage and decreased the expression of ZO-1, supporting the involvement of peroxynitrite in BBB disruption and edema. Mechanistically, the endothelium-protecting action of GSNO was invoked by reducing the activity of nuclear factor kappa B and increasing the expression of S-nitrosylated proteins. Taken together, the results support the ability of GSNO to improve endothelial function by reducing nitroxidative stress in stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mushfiquddin Khan
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
| | - Tajinder S Dhammu
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
| | - Harutoshi Sakakima
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
| | | | - Anne G Gilg
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
| | - Avtar K. Singh
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
- Ralph H. Johnson VA Medical Center, Charleston, SC
| | - Inderjit Singh
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
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99
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Wang Z, Kim JI, Frilot N, Daaka Y. Dynamin2 S-nitrosylation regulates adenovirus type 5 infection of epithelial cells. J Gen Virol 2012; 93:2109-2117. [PMID: 22791607 DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.042713-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Dynamin2 is a large GTPase that regulates vesicle trafficking, and the GTPase activity of dynamin2 is required for the multistep process of adenovirus infection. Activity of dynamin2 may be regulated by post-translational phosphorylation and S-nitrosylation modifications. In this study, we demonstrate a role for dynamin2 S-nitrosylation in adenovirus infection of epithelial cells. We show that adenovirus serotype 5 (Ad5) infection augments production of nitric oxide (NO) in epithelial cells and causes the S-nitrosylation of dynamin2, mainly on cysteine 86 (C86) and 607 (C607) residues. Forced overexpression of dynamin2 bearing C86A and/or C607A mutations decreases Ad5 infection. Diminishing NO synthesis by RNAi-induced knockdown of endogenous endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) expression attenuates virus infection of target cells. Ad5 infection promotes the kinetically dynamic S-nitrosylation of dynamin2 and eNOS: there is a rapid decrease in eNOS S-nitrosylation and a concomitant increase in the dynamin2 S-nitrosylation. These results support the hypothesis that dynamin2 S-nitrosylation following eNOS activation facilitates adenovirus infection of host epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhimin Wang
- Department of Urology and Prostate Disease Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Jae Il Kim
- Department of Urology and Prostate Disease Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Nicole Frilot
- Department of Pathology, Georgia Health Sciences University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Yehia Daaka
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.,Department of Urology and Prostate Disease Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
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100
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Kozhukh J, Lippard SJ. Zinc thiolate reactivity toward nitrogen oxides: insights into the interaction of Zn2+ with S-nitrosothiols and implications for nitric oxide synthase. Inorg Chem 2012; 51:7346-53. [PMID: 22702952 DOI: 10.1021/ic3007684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Zinc thiolate complexes containing N(2)S tridentate ligands were prepared to investigate their reactivity toward reactive nitrogen species, chemistry proposed to occur at the zinc tetracysteine thiolate site of nitric oxide synthase (NOS). The complexes are unreactive toward nitric oxide (NO) in the absence of dioxygen, strongly indicating that NO cannot be the species directly responsible for S-nitrosothiol formation and loss of Zn(2+) at the NOS dimer interface in vivo. S-Nitrosothiol formation does occur upon exposure of zinc thiolate solutions to NO in the presence of air, however, or to NO(2) or NOBF(4), indicating that these reactive nitrogen/oxygen species are capable of liberating zinc from the enzyme, possibly through generation of the S-nitrosothiol. Interaction between simple Zn(2+) salts and preformed S-nitrosothiols leads to decomposition of the -SNO moiety, resulting in release of gaseous NO and N(2)O. The potential biological relevance of this chemistry is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Kozhukh
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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