51
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Oskuee RK, Ramezanpour M, Gholami L, Malaekeh-Nikouei B. Cholesterol improves the transfection efficiency of polyallylamine as a non-viral gene delivery vector. BRAZ J PHARM SCI 2017. [DOI: 10.1590/s2175-97902017000300140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Reza Kazemi Oskuee
- Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Iran; Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Iran
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Composite liposome-PEI/nucleic acid lipopolyplexes for safe and efficient gene delivery and gene knockdown. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2017; 158:93-101. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2017.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2017] [Revised: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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53
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Démoulins T, Ebensen T, Schulze K, Englezou PC, Pelliccia M, Guzmán CA, Ruggli N, McCullough KC. Self-replicating RNA vaccine functionality modulated by fine-tuning of polyplex delivery vehicle structure. J Control Release 2017; 266:256-271. [PMID: 28935594 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2017.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2017] [Revised: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The major limitations with large and complex self-amplifying RNA vaccines (RepRNA) are RNase-sensitivity and inefficient translation in dendritic cells (DCs). Condensing RepRNA with polyethylenimine (PEI) gave positive in vitro readouts, but was largely inferior to virus-like replicon particles (VRP) or direct electroporation. In the present study, we improved such polyplex formulation and determined that fine-tuning of the polyplex structure is essential for ensuring efficacious translation. Thereby, three parameters dominate: (i) PEI molecular weight (MW); (ii) RepRNA:PEI (weight:weight) ratio; and (iii) inclusion of cell penetrating peptides (CPPs). Seven commercially available linear PEIs (MW 2,500-250,000) were classified as strong, intermediate or low for their aptitude at complexing and protecting RepRNA for delivery into porcine blood DCs. Inclusion of (Arg)9 or TAT(57-57) CPPs further modified the translation readouts, but varied for different gene expressions. Dependent on the formulation, translation of the gene of interest (GOI) inserted into the RepRNA (luciferase, or influenza virus hemagglutinin or nucleoprotein) could decrease, while the RepRNA structural gene (E2) translation increased. This was noted in the porcine SK6 cell line, as well as both porcine and, for the first time, human DCs. Two formulations - [Rep/PEI-4,000 (1:3)] and [Rep/PEI-40,000 (1:2)/(Arg)9] were efficacious in vivo in mice and pigs, where specific CD8+ T and CD4+ T-cell responses against the GOI-encoded antigen were observed for the first time. The results demonstrate that different polyplex formulations differ in their interaction with the RepRNA such that only certain genes can be translated. Thus, delivery of these large self-replicating RNA molecules require definition with respect to translation of different genes, rather than just the GOI as is the norm, for identifying optimal delivery for the desired immune activation in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Démoulins
- Institute of Virology and Immunology (IVI), Sensemattstrasse 293, CH-3147 Mittelhäusern, Switzerland.
| | - Thomas Ebensen
- Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research Braunschweig (HZI), Department of Vaccinology and Applied Microbiology, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Kai Schulze
- Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research Braunschweig (HZI), Department of Vaccinology and Applied Microbiology, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Pavlos C Englezou
- Institute of Virology and Immunology (IVI), Sensemattstrasse 293, CH-3147 Mittelhäusern, Switzerland
| | - Maria Pelliccia
- NorthWest Centre of Advanced Drug Delivery (NoWCADD), Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Carlos A Guzmán
- Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research Braunschweig (HZI), Department of Vaccinology and Applied Microbiology, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Nicolas Ruggli
- Institute of Virology and Immunology (IVI), Sensemattstrasse 293, CH-3147 Mittelhäusern, Switzerland
| | - Kenneth C McCullough
- Institute of Virology and Immunology (IVI), Sensemattstrasse 293, CH-3147 Mittelhäusern, Switzerland
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54
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55
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Luan X, Sansanaphongpricha K, Myers I, Chen H, Yuan H, Sun D. Engineering exosomes as refined biological nanoplatforms for drug delivery. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2017; 38:754-763. [PMID: 28392567 PMCID: PMC5520184 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2017.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 744] [Impact Index Per Article: 106.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Exosomes, a subgroup of extracellular vesicles (EVs), have been recognized as important mediators of long distance intercellular communication and are involved in a diverse range of biological processes. Because of their ideal native structure and characteristics, exosomes are promising nanocarriers for clinical use. Exosomes are engineered at the cellular level under natural conditions, but successful exosome modification requires further exploration. The focus of this paper is to summarize passive and active loading approaches, as well as specific exosome modifications and examples of the delivery of therapeutic and imaging molecules. Examples of exosomes derived from a variety of biological origins are also provided. The biocompatible characteristics of exosomes, with suitable modifications, can increase the stability and efficacy of imaging probes and therapeutics while enhancing cellular uptake. Challenges in clinical translation of exosome-based platforms from different cell sources and the advantages of each are also reviewed and discussed.
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56
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Tian H, Zhou C, Yang J, Li J, Gong Z. Long and short noncoding RNAs in lung cancer precision medicine: Opportunities and challenges. Tumour Biol 2017; 39:1010428317697578. [PMID: 28381159 DOI: 10.1177/1010428317697578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The long and short noncoding RNAs have been involved in the molecular diagnosis, targeted therapy, and predicting prognosis of lung cancer. Utilizing noncoding RNAs as biomarkers and systemic RNA interference as an innovative therapeutic strategy has an immense likelihood to generate novel concepts in precision oncology. Targeting of RNA interference payloads such as small interfering RNAs, microRNA mimetic, or anti-microRNA (antagomirs) into specific cell types has achieved initial success. The clinical trials of noncoding RNA-based therapies are on the way with some positive results. Many attempts are done for developing novel noncoding RNA delivery strategies that could overcome systemic or local barriers. Furthermore, it precipitates concerted efforts to define the molecular subtypes of lung cancer, characterize the genomic landscape of lung cancer subtypes, identify novel therapeutic targets, and reveal mechanisms of sensitivity and resistance to targeted therapies. These efforts contribute a visible effect now in lung cancer precision medicine: patients receive molecular testing to determine whether their tumor harbors an actionable come resistance to the first-generation drugs are in clinical trials, and drugs targeting the immune system are showing activity in patients. This extraordinary promise is tempered by the sobering fact that even the newest treatments for metastatic disease are rarely curative and are effective only in a small fraction of all patients. Thus, ongoing and future efforts to find new vulnerabilities of lung cancers unravel the complexity of drug resistance, increase the efficacy of immunotherapies, and perform biomarker-driven clinical trials are necessary to improve the outcome of lung cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haihua Tian
- 1 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo, China.,2 Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo, China.,3 Department of Laboratory Medicine, Ningbo Kangning Hospital, Ningbo, China
| | - Chengwei Zhou
- 4 Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo, China
| | - Jie Yang
- 1 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo, China.,2 Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo, China
| | - Jingqiu Li
- 1 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo, China.,2 Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo, China
| | - Zhaohui Gong
- 1 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo, China.,2 Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo, China
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57
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Forcato DO, Fili AE, Alustiza FE, Lázaro Martínez JM, Bongiovanni Abel S, Olmos Nicotra MF, Alessio AP, Rodríguez N, Barbero C, Bosch P. Transfection of bovine fetal fibroblast with polyethylenimine (PEI) nanoparticles: effect of particle size and presence of fetal bovine serum on transgene delivery and cytotoxicity. Cytotechnology 2017; 69:655-665. [PMID: 28321779 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-017-0075-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 02/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of efficient transfection protocols for livestock cells is crucial for implementation of cell-based transgenic methods to produce genetically modified animals. We synthetized fully deacylated linear 22, 87 and 217 kDa polyethylenimine (PEI) nanoparticles and compared their transfection efficiency and cytotoxicity to commercial branched 25 kDa PEI and linear 58 kDa poly(allylamine) hydrochloride. We studied the effect of PEI size and presence of serum on transfection efficiency on primary cultures of bovine fetal fibroblasts and established cells lines (HEK 293 and Hep G2). We found that transfection efficiency was affected mainly by polymer/pDNA ratio and DNA concentration and in less extent by PEI MW. In bovine fibroblast, preincubation of PEI nanoparticles with fetal bovine serum (FBS) greatly increased percentage of cells expressing the transgene (up to 82%) while significantly decreased the polymer cytotoxic effect. 87 and 217 kDa PEI rendered the highest transfection rates in HEK 293 and Hep G2 cell lines (>50% transfected cells) with minimal cell toxicity. In conclusion, our results indicate that fully deacylated PEI of 87 and 217 kDa are useful DNA vehicles for non-viral transfection of primary cultures of bovine fetal fibroblast and HEK 293 and Hep G2 cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- D O Forcato
- Department of Molecular Biology, FCEFQyN, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina.,National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - A E Fili
- Department of Molecular Biology, FCEFQyN, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina.,National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - F E Alustiza
- National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Department of Chemistry, FCEFQyN, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - J M Lázaro Martínez
- National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina.,IQUIFIB-FFyB, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - S Bongiovanni Abel
- National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Department of Chemistry, FCEFQyN, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - M F Olmos Nicotra
- Department of Molecular Biology, FCEFQyN, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina.,National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - A P Alessio
- Department of Molecular Biology, FCEFQyN, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina.,National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - N Rodríguez
- Department of Molecular Biology, FCEFQyN, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - C Barbero
- Department of Chemistry, FCEFQyN, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - P Bosch
- Department of Molecular Biology, FCEFQyN, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina. .,National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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58
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Abstract
Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate [PI(4,5)P2] is a lipid second messenger that regulates a wide array of essential cellular events, such as signal transduction, vesicle trafficking, actin cytoskeleton dynamics, adhesion, and motility. To control the spatiotemporal production of PI(4,5)P2, the activity of type 1 phosphotidylinositol-4-phosphate-5-kinases (PIPKIs) is tightly regulated by small GTPases and another signaling lipid, phosphatidic acid (PA). It is of interest that PI(4,5)P2 is also a critical cofactor for the activation of the PA-generating enzyme, phospholipase D (PLD). It has been proposed that the reciprocal stimulation of PLD and PIPKI enzymes enables a rapid feedforward stimulation loop for the localized and acute generation of signaling lipids that are critical for the regulation of actin cytoskeletal reorganization and membrane trafficking. Here, we outline the methods for the expression and purification of PIPKIγ from bacteria, determination of direct PA binding, and activation of PIPKIγ using in vitro liposomes assays, and examination of actin cytoskeletal reorganization promoted by the PA-PIPKIγ signaling in intact cells using fluorescent microscopy.
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59
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Delivery of RNAi Therapeutics to the Airways-From Bench to Bedside. Molecules 2016; 21:molecules21091249. [PMID: 27657028 PMCID: PMC6272875 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21091249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Revised: 09/05/2016] [Accepted: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
RNA interference (RNAi) is a potent and specific post-transcriptional gene silencing process. Since its discovery, tremendous efforts have been made to translate RNAi technology into therapeutic applications for the treatment of different human diseases including respiratory diseases, by manipulating the expression of disease-associated gene(s). Similar to other nucleic acid-based therapeutics, the major hurdle of RNAi therapy is delivery. Pulmonary delivery is a promising approach of delivering RNAi therapeutics directly to the airways for treating local conditions and minimizing systemic side effects. It is a non-invasive route of administration that is generally well accepted by patients. However, pulmonary drug delivery is a challenge as the lungs pose a series of anatomical, physiological and immunological barriers to drug delivery. Understanding these barriers is essential for the development an effective RNA delivery system. In this review, the different barriers to pulmonary drug delivery are introduced. The potential of RNAi molecules as new class of therapeutics, and the latest preclinical and clinical studies of using RNAi therapeutics in different respiratory conditions are discussed in details. We hope this review can provide some useful insights for moving inhaled RNAi therapeutics from bench to bedside.
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60
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Park J, Park J, Pei Y, Xu J, Yeo Y. Pharmacokinetics and biodistribution of recently-developed siRNA nanomedicines. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2016; 104:93-109. [PMID: 26686832 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2015.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Revised: 10/26/2015] [Accepted: 12/03/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Small interfering RNA (siRNA) is a promising drug candidate, expected to have broad therapeutic potentials toward various diseases including viral infections and cancer. With recent advances in bioconjugate chemistry and carrier technology, several siRNA-based drugs have advanced to clinical trials. However, most cases address local applications or diseases in the filtering organs, reflecting remaining challenges in systemic delivery of siRNA. The difficulty in siRNA delivery is in large part due to poor circulation stability and unfavorable pharmacokinetics and biodistribution profiles of siRNA. This review describes the pharmacokinetics and biodistribution of siRNA nanomedicines, focusing on those reported in the past 5years, and their pharmacological effects in selected disease models such as hepatocellular carcinoma, liver infections, and respiratory diseases. The examples discussed here will provide an insight into the current status of the art and unmet needs in siRNA delivery.
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61
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Tisza MJ, Zhao W, Fuentes JS, Prijic S, Chen X, Levental I, Chang JT. Motility and stem cell properties induced by the epithelial-mesenchymal transition require destabilization of lipid rafts. Oncotarget 2016; 7:51553-51568. [PMID: 27303921 PMCID: PMC5239496 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2015] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) is a developmental program that provides cancer cells with the characteristics necessary for metastasis, including increased motility and stem cell properties. The cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying this process are not yet fully understood, hampering efforts to develop therapeutics. In recent years, it has become apparent that EMT is accompanied by wholesale changes in diverse signaling pathways that are initiated by proteins at the plasma membrane (PM). The PM contains thousands of lipid and protein species that are dynamically and spatially organized into lateral membrane domains, an example of which are lipid rafts. Since one of the major functions of rafts is modulation of signaling originating at the PM, we hypothesized that the signaling changes occurring during an EMT are associated with alterations in PM organization. To test this hypothesis, we used Giant Plasma Membrane Vesicles (GPMVs) to study the organization of intact plasma membranes isolated from live cells. We observed that induction of EMT significantly destabilized lipid raft domains. Further, this reduction in stability was crucial for the maintenance of the stem cell phenotype and EMT-induced remodeling of PM-orchestrated pathways. Exogenously increasing raft stability by feeding cells with ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) repressed these phenotypes without altering EMT markers, and inhibited the metastatic capacity of breast cancer cells. Hence, modulating raft properties regulates cell phenotype, suggesting a novel approach for targeting the impact of EMT in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J. Tisza
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Weina Zhao
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jessie S.R. Fuentes
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sara Prijic
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Xiaoling Chen
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ilya Levental
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jeffrey T. Chang
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
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Chung S, Ghelfi M, Atkinson J, Parker R, Qian J, Carlin C, Manor D. Vitamin E and Phosphoinositides Regulate the Intracellular Localization of the Hepatic α-Tocopherol Transfer Protein. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:17028-39. [PMID: 27307040 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.734210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
α-Tocopherol (vitamin E) is an essential nutrient for all vertebrates. From the eight naturally occurring members of the vitamin E family, α-tocopherol is the most biologically active species and is selectively retained in tissues. The hepatic α-tocopherol transfer protein (TTP) preferentially selects dietary α-tocopherol and facilitates its transport through the hepatocyte and its secretion to the circulation. In doing so, TTP regulates body-wide levels of α-tocopherol. The mechanisms by which TTP facilitates α-tocopherol trafficking in hepatocytes are poorly understood. We found that the intracellular localization of TTP in hepatocytes is dynamic and responds to the presence of α-tocopherol. In the absence of the vitamin, TTP is localized to perinuclear vesicles that harbor CD71, transferrin, and Rab8, markers of the recycling endosomes. Upon treatment with α-tocopherol, TTP- and α-tocopherol-containing vesicles translocate to the plasma membrane, prior to secretion of the vitamin to the exterior of the cells. The change in TTP localization is specific to α-tocopherol and is time- and dose-dependent. The aberrant intracellular localization patterns of lipid binding-defective TTP mutants highlight the importance of protein-lipid interaction in the transport of α-tocopherol. These findings provide the basis for a proposed mechanistic model that describes TTP-facilitated trafficking of α-tocopherol through hepatocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mikel Ghelfi
- the Department of Chemistry, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario L2S 3A1, Canada, and
| | - Jeffrey Atkinson
- the Department of Chemistry, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario L2S 3A1, Canada, and
| | - Robert Parker
- the Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853
| | - Jinghui Qian
- the Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853
| | - Cathleen Carlin
- Microbiology and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106
| | - Danny Manor
- From the Departments of Nutrition, Pharmacology, and
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63
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Benz BA, Nandadasa S, Takeuchi M, Grady RC, Takeuchi H, LoPilato RK, Kakuda S, Somerville RPT, Apte SS, Haltiwanger RS, Holdener BC. Genetic and biochemical evidence that gastrulation defects in Pofut2 mutants result from defects in ADAMTS9 secretion. Dev Biol 2016; 416:111-122. [PMID: 27297885 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2016.05.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Revised: 05/31/2016] [Accepted: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Protein O-fucosyltransferase 2 (POFUT2) adds O-linked fucose to Thrombospondin Type 1 Repeats (TSR) in 49 potential target proteins. Nearly half the POFUT2 targets belong to the A Disintegrin and Metalloprotease with ThromboSpondin type-1 motifs (ADAMTS) or ADAMTS-like family of proteins. Both the mouse Pofut2 RST434 gene trap allele and the Adamts9 knockout were reported to result in early embryonic lethality, suggesting that defects in Pofut2 mutant embryos could result from loss of O-fucosylation on ADAMTS9. To address this question, we compared the Pofut2 and Adamts9 knockout phenotypes and used Cre-mediated deletion of Pofut2 and Adamts9 to dissect the tissue-specific role of O-fucosylated ADAMTS9 during gastrulation. Disruption of Pofut2 using the knockout (LoxP) or gene trap (RST434) allele, as well as deletion of Adamts9, resulted in disorganized epithelia (epiblast, extraembryonic ectoderm, and visceral endoderm) and blocked mesoderm formation during gastrulation. The similarity between Pofut2 and Adamts9 mutants suggested that disruption of ADAMTS9 function could be responsible for the gastrulation defects observed in Pofut2 mutants. Consistent with this prediction, CRISPR/Cas9 knockout of POFUT2 in HEK293T cells blocked secretion of ADAMTS9. We determined that Adamts9 was dynamically expressed during mouse gastrulation by trophoblast giant cells, parietal endoderm, the most proximal visceral endoderm adjacent to the ectoplacental cone, extraembryonic mesoderm, and anterior primitive streak. Conditional deletion of either Pofut2 or Adamts9 in the epiblast rescues the gastrulation defects, and identified a new role for O-fucosylated ADAMTS9 during morphogenesis of the amnion and axial mesendoderm. Combined, these results suggested that loss of ADAMTS9 function in the extra embryonic tissue is responsible for gastrulation defects in the Pofut2 knockout. We hypothesize that loss of ADAMTS9 function in the most proximal visceral endoderm leads to slippage of the visceral endoderm and altered characteristics of the extraembryonic ectoderm. Consequently, loss of input from the extraembryonic ectoderm and/or compression of the epiblast by Reichert's membrane blocks gastrulation. In the future, the Pofut2 and Adamts9 knockouts will be valuable tools for understanding how local changes in the properties of the extracellular matrix influence the organization of tissues during mammalian development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian A Benz
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, United States
| | - Sumeda Nandadasa
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Megumi Takeuchi
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, United States
| | - Richard C Grady
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, United States
| | - Hideyuki Takeuchi
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, United States
| | - Rachel K LoPilato
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, United States
| | - Shinako Kakuda
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, United States
| | - Robert P T Somerville
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Suneel S Apte
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Robert S Haltiwanger
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, United States.
| | - Bernadette C Holdener
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, United States.
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64
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Delafosse L, Xu P, Durocher Y. Comparative study of polyethylenimines for transient gene expression in mammalian HEK293 and CHO cells. J Biotechnol 2016; 227:103-111. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2016.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2015] [Revised: 03/30/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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65
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Data on physicochemical properties of LPEI 25 kDa, PEI"Max" 40 kDa and PEIpro™. Data Brief 2016; 8:456-60. [PMID: 27331123 PMCID: PMC4913174 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2016.05.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Revised: 05/11/2016] [Accepted: 05/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The data presented in this article are related to the research article entitled “Comparative study of polyethylenimines for transient gene expression in mammalian HEK293 and CHO cells” (Delafosse et al., 2016 [1]). Polyethylenimine is a cationic polymer whose linear form has been described as the most efficient to transfect a wide range of cell lines and thus is broadly used in transient gene expression. Data presented in this article compares apparent size and polydispersity as determined by size exclusion chromatography of three commercially available linear PEIs, namely LPEI, PEI“Max” and PEIpro™. Impact of those features on plasmid DNA affinity was established by plasmid DNA agarose gel migration assay.
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66
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Kii I, Sumida Y, Goto T, Sonamoto R, Okuno Y, Yoshida S, Kato-Sumida T, Koike Y, Abe M, Nonaka Y, Ikura T, Ito N, Shibuya H, Hosoya T, Hagiwara M. Selective inhibition of the kinase DYRK1A by targeting its folding process. Nat Commun 2016; 7:11391. [PMID: 27102360 PMCID: PMC4844702 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms11391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2015] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophosphorylation of amino-acid residues is part of the folding process of various protein kinases. Conventional chemical screening of mature kinases has missed inhibitors that selectively interfere with the folding process. Here we report a cell-based assay that evaluates inhibition of a kinase at a transitional state during the folding process and identify a folding intermediate-selective inhibitor of dual-specificity tyrosine-phosphorylation-regulated kinase 1A (DYRK1A), which we refer to as FINDY. FINDY suppresses intramolecular autophosphorylation of Ser97 in DYRK1A in cultured cells, leading to its degradation, but does not inhibit substrate phosphorylation catalysed by the mature kinase. FINDY also suppresses Ser97 autophosphorylation of recombinant DYRK1A, suggesting direct inhibition, and shows high selectivity for DYRK1A over other DYRK family members. In addition, FINDY rescues DYRK1A-induced developmental malformations in Xenopus laevis embryos. Our study demonstrates that transitional folding intermediates of protein kinases can be targeted by small molecules, and paves the way for developing novel types of kinase inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isao Kii
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Yoshida-Konoe-cho, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
- Pathophysiological and Health Science Team, Imaging Application Group, Division of Bio-Function Dynamics Imaging, RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies, 6-7-3 Minatojima-minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0047, Japan
| | - Yuto Sumida
- Laboratory of Chemical Bioscience, Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 2-3-10 Kanda-Surugadai, Tokyo 101-0062, Japan
| | - Toshiyasu Goto
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45, Yushima, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Rie Sonamoto
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Yoshida-Konoe-cho, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Yukiko Okuno
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Yoshida-Konoe-cho, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Suguru Yoshida
- Laboratory of Chemical Bioscience, Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 2-3-10 Kanda-Surugadai, Tokyo 101-0062, Japan
| | - Tomoe Kato-Sumida
- Laboratory of Chemical Bioscience, Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 2-3-10 Kanda-Surugadai, Tokyo 101-0062, Japan
| | - Yuka Koike
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Yoshida-Konoe-cho, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
- Pathophysiological and Health Science Team, Imaging Application Group, Division of Bio-Function Dynamics Imaging, RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies, 6-7-3 Minatojima-minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0047, Japan
| | - Minako Abe
- Department of Structural Biology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45, Yushima, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Yosuke Nonaka
- Department of Structural Biology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45, Yushima, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Teikichi Ikura
- Department of Structural Biology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45, Yushima, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Nobutoshi Ito
- Department of Structural Biology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45, Yushima, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Shibuya
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45, Yushima, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Takamitsu Hosoya
- Laboratory of Chemical Bioscience, Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 2-3-10 Kanda-Surugadai, Tokyo 101-0062, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Hagiwara
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Yoshida-Konoe-cho, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
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Zhang Y, Ren H, Wang Y, Chen K, Fang B, Wang S. Bioinspired Immobilization of Glycerol Dehydrogenase by Metal Ion-Chelated Polyethyleneimines as Artificial Polypeptides. Sci Rep 2016; 6:24163. [PMID: 27053034 PMCID: PMC4823755 DOI: 10.1038/srep24163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2016] [Accepted: 03/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, a novel, simple and generally applicable strategy for multimeric oxidoreductase immobilization with multi-levels interactions was developed and involved activity and stability enhancements. Linear polyethyleneimines (PEIs) are flexible cationic polymers with molecular weights that span a wide range and are suitable biomimic polypeptides for biocompatible frameworks for enzyme immobilization. Metal ion-chelated linear PEIs were applied as a heterofunctional framework for glycerol dehydrogenase (GDH) immobilization by hydrogen bonds, electrostatic forces and coordination bonds interactions. Nanoparticles with diameters from 250-650 nm were prepared that exhibited a 1.4-fold enhancement catalytic efficiency. Importantly, the half-life of the immobilized GDH was enhanced by 5.6-folds in aqueous phase at 85 °C. A mechanistic illustration of the formation of multi-level interactions in the PEI-metal-GDH complex was proposed based on morphological and functional studies of the immobilized enzyme. This generally applicable strategy offers a potential technique for multimeric enzyme immobilization with the advantages of low cost, easy operation, high activity reservation and high stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonghui Zhang
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Hong Ren
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Yali Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Kainan Chen
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Baishan Fang
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
- The Key Lab for Synthetic Biotechnology of Xiamen City, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361005, P. R. China
| | - Shizhen Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
- The Key Lab for Synthetic Biotechnology of Xiamen City, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361005, P. R. China
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Small hydrophobe substitution on polyethylenimine for plasmid DNA delivery: Optimal substitution is critical for effective delivery. Acta Biomater 2016; 33:213-24. [PMID: 26802444 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2016.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2015] [Revised: 01/15/2016] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Cationic polymers have been turned into effective gene delivery agents by functionalizing with long-chain aliphatic lipids, but little information exists if small hydrophobic moieties can serve as effective substituents for this purpose. To explore this issue, we modified small molecular weight (1.2kDa) polyethylenimine (1.2PEI) by a small hydrophobe, propionic acid (PrA), through N-acylation and investigated the efficacy of resultant polymers to deliver plasmid DNA (pDNA) to breast cancer cells MDA-231 and MCF-7. A significant impact of PrA grafting was observed on physicochemical features of polymers and resultant pDNA complexes. pDNA binding capacity, as measured by BC50 (weight ratio for 50% binding), was decreased from 0.25 to 0.64 with PrA substitution. Hydrodynamic size of polymer/pDNA complexes was not altered, but the surface charge (ξ-potential) was increased with low PrA substitution and decreased at higher PrA substitutions. Similarly, in vitro pDNA transfection efficacy in MDA-231 and MCF-7 cells was significantly increased with PrA grafting and optimum efficacy was observed in polymers with modest substitution, 0.25-1.0 PrAs/PEI (mol/mol), but higher substitutions was detrimental to transfection. The transfection efficiency of PEI-PrAs was higher than aliphatic lipid (linoleic acid) substituted PEI and more stable than 25kDa branched PEI. However, unlike studies reported elsewhere, siRNA had no effect on transfection efficacy of pDNA/PEI-PrA complexes when used as an additive. We conclude that small hydrophobe substitution on low MW PEI converts it into effective pDNA delivery agent in breast cancer cells up to an optimal ratio, indicating that balancing hydrophobicity of polymer is critical for pDNA transfection. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE This manuscript investigated the influence of small hydrophobe (propionic acid, PrA, 3 carbon) grafted onto small molecular weight polyethylenimine (1.2PEI) in pDNA delivery. We have explored this approach as an alternative of common strategies to graft long chain and/or bulky lipids [linoleic acid (18 carbon), cholesterol]. At optimal substitution, transfection efficiency of these polymers was significantly higher than long chain lipid substituted 1.2PEI, emphasizing a proper hydrophobic/hydrophilic balance for optimum gene delivery. The overall results establish the feasibility of using small hydrophobes to create functional carriers, as long as the polymers are engineered with optimal ratio of substituent. The reported studies should facilitate the efforts of biomaterials scientists and engineers to design new carriers for gene therapy.
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Shen W, Wang H, Ling-hu Y, Lv J, Chang H, Cheng Y. Screening of efficient polymers for siRNA delivery in a library of hydrophobically modified polyethyleneimines. J Mater Chem B 2016; 4:6468-6474. [DOI: 10.1039/c6tb01929c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Fluoroalkylated polymers are superior to alkylated and cycloalkylated analogs in siRNA delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanwan Shen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology
- School of Life Sciences
- East China Normal University
- Shanghai
- P. R. China
| | - Hui Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology
- School of Life Sciences
- East China Normal University
- Shanghai
- P. R. China
| | - Ye Ling-hu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology
- School of Life Sciences
- East China Normal University
- Shanghai
- P. R. China
| | - Jia Lv
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology
- School of Life Sciences
- East China Normal University
- Shanghai
- P. R. China
| | - Hong Chang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology
- School of Life Sciences
- East China Normal University
- Shanghai
- P. R. China
| | - Yiyun Cheng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology
- School of Life Sciences
- East China Normal University
- Shanghai
- P. R. China
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Liu S, Huang W, Jin MJ, Fan B, Xia GM, Gao ZG. Inhibition of murine breast cancer growth and metastasis by survivin-targeted siRNA using disulfide cross-linked linear PEI. Eur J Pharm Sci 2016; 82:171-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2015.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2015] [Revised: 10/11/2015] [Accepted: 11/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Hoesel B, Malkani N, Hochreiter B, Basílio J, Sughra K, Ilyas M, Schmid JA. Sequence-function correlations and dynamics of ERG isoforms. ERG8 is the black sheep of the family. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2015; 1863:205-218. [PMID: 26554849 PMCID: PMC4716293 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2015.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2015] [Revised: 10/27/2015] [Accepted: 10/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The transcription factor ERG is known to have divergent roles. On one hand, it acts as differentiation factor of endothelial cells. On the other hand, it has pathological roles in various cancers. Genomic analyses of the ERG gene show that it gives rise to several isoforms. However, functional differences between these isoforms, representing potential reasons for distinct effects in diverse cell types have not been addressed in detail so far. We set out to investigate the major protein isoforms and found that ERG8 contains a unique C-terminus. This isoform, when expressed as GFP-fusion protein, localized mainly to the cytosol, whereas the other major isoforms (ERG1-4) were predominantly nuclear. Using site directed mutagenesis and laser scanning microscopy of live cells, we could identify nuclear localization (NLS) and nuclear export sequences (NES). These analyses indicated that ERG8 lacks a classical NLS and the DNA-binding domain, but holds an additional NES within its distinctive C-terminus. All the tested isoforms were shuttling between nucleus and cytosol and showed a high degree of mobility. ERG’s 1 to 4 were transcriptionally active on ERG-promoter elements whereas ERG8 was inactive, which is in line with the absence of a DNA-binding domain. Fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) microscopy revealed that ERG8 can bind to the transcriptionally active ERG’s. Knockdown of ERG8 in endothelial cells resulted in upregulation of endogenous ERG-transcriptional activity implying ERG8 as an inhibitor of the active ERG isoforms. Quantitative PCR revealed a different ratio of active ERG’s to ERG8 in cancer- versus non-transformed cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bastian Hoesel
- Dept. of Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research, Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Naila Malkani
- Dept. of Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research, Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Bernhard Hochreiter
- Dept. of Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research, Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - José Basílio
- Dept. of Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research, Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Kalsoom Sughra
- Dept. of Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research, Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Muhammad Ilyas
- Dept. of Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research, Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Johannes A Schmid
- Dept. of Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research, Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
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Nishi K, Takahashi T, Suzawa M, Miyakawa T, Nagasawa T, Ming Y, Tanokura M, Ui-Tei K. Control of the localization and function of a miRNA silencing component TNRC6A by Argonaute protein. Nucleic Acids Res 2015; 43:9856-73. [PMID: 26446993 PMCID: PMC4787778 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkv1026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
GW182 family proteins play important roles in microRNA (miRNA)-mediated RNA silencing. They directly interact with Argonaute (Ago) proteins in processing bodies (P bodies), cytoplasmic foci involved in mRNA degradation and storage. Recently, we revealed that a human GW182 family protein, TNRC6A, is a nuclear-cytoplasmic shuttling protein, and its subcellular localization is regulated by its own nuclear localization signal and nuclear export signal. Regarding the further controlling mechanism of TNRC6A subcellular localization, we found that TNRC6A protein is tethered in P bodies by direct interaction with Ago2 under Ago2 overexpression condition in HeLa cells. Furthermore, it was revealed that such Ago proteins might be strongly tethered in the P bodies through Ago-bound small RNAs. Thus, our results indicate that TNRC6A subcellular localization is substantially controlled by the interaction with Ago proteins. Furthermore, it was also revealed that the TNRC6A subcellular localization affects the RNA silencing activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Nishi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Tomoko Takahashi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Masataka Suzawa
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Takuya Miyakawa
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Nagasawa
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Yvelt Ming
- Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, University of Tokyo, Chiba-ken 277-8651, Japan
| | - Masaru Tanokura
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Kumiko Ui-Tei
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, University of Tokyo, Chiba-ken 277-8651, Japan
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Grieger JC, Soltys SM, Samulski RJ. Production of Recombinant Adeno-associated Virus Vectors Using Suspension HEK293 Cells and Continuous Harvest of Vector From the Culture Media for GMP FIX and FLT1 Clinical Vector. Mol Ther 2015; 24:287-297. [PMID: 26437810 DOI: 10.1038/mt.2015.187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 191] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2015] [Accepted: 09/24/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Adeno-associated virus (AAV) has shown great promise as a gene therapy vector in multiple aspects of preclinical and clinical applications. Many developments including new serotypes as well as self-complementary vectors are now entering the clinic. With these ongoing vector developments, continued effort has been focused on scalable manufacturing processes that can efficiently generate high-titer, highly pure, and potent quantities of rAAV vectors. Utilizing the relatively simple and efficient transfection system of HEK293 cells as a starting point, we have successfully adapted an adherent HEK293 cell line from a qualified clinical master cell bank to grow in animal component-free suspension conditions in shaker flasks and WAVE bioreactors that allows for rapid and scalable rAAV production. Using the triple transfection method, the suspension HEK293 cell line generates greater than 1 × 10(5) vector genome containing particles (vg)/cell or greater than 1 × 10(14) vg/l of cell culture when harvested 48 hours post-transfection. To achieve these yields, a number of variables were optimized such as selection of a compatible serum-free suspension media that supports both growth and transfection, selection of a transfection reagent, transfection conditions and cell density. A universal purification strategy, based on ion exchange chromatography methods, was also developed that results in high-purity vector preps of AAV serotypes 1-6, 8, 9 and various chimeric capsids tested. This user-friendly process can be completed within 1 week, results in high full to empty particle ratios (>90% full particles), provides postpurification yields (>1 × 10(13) vg/l) and purity suitable for clinical applications and is universal with respect to all serotypes and chimeric particles. To date, this scalable manufacturing technology has been utilized to manufacture GMP phase 1 clinical AAV vectors for retinal neovascularization (AAV2), Hemophilia B (scAAV8), giant axonal neuropathy (scAAV9), and retinitis pigmentosa (AAV2), which have been administered into patients. In addition, we report a minimum of a fivefold increase in overall vector production by implementing a perfusion method that entails harvesting rAAV from the culture media at numerous time-points post-transfection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua C Grieger
- Gene Therapy Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA; Present address: Bamboo Therapeutics, Inc, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Stephen M Soltys
- Gene Therapy Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Richard Jude Samulski
- Gene Therapy Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA; Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.
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Zhang J, Dominguez-Sola D, Hussein S, Lee JE, Holmes AB, Bansal M, Vlasevska S, Mo T, Tang H, Basso K, Ge K, Dalla-Favera R, Pasqualucci L. Disruption of KMT2D perturbs germinal center B cell development and promotes lymphomagenesis. Nat Med 2015; 21:1190-8. [PMID: 26366712 PMCID: PMC5145002 DOI: 10.1038/nm.3940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 311] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2015] [Accepted: 08/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in the gene encoding the KMT2D (or MLL2) methyltransferase are highly recurrent and occur early during tumorigenesis in diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) and follicular lymphoma (FL). However, the functional consequences of these mutations and their role in lymphomagenesis are unknown. Here we show that FL- and DLBCL-associated KMT2D mutations impair KMT2D enzymatic activity, leading to diminished global H3K4 methylation in germinal-center (GC) B cells and DLBCL cells. Conditional deletion of Kmt2d early during B cell development, but not after initiation of the GC reaction, results in an increase in GC B cells and enhances B cell proliferation in mice. Moreover, genetic ablation of Kmt2d in mice overexpressing Bcl2 increases the incidence of GC-derived lymphomas resembling human tumors. These findings suggest that KMT2D acts as a tumor suppressor gene whose early loss facilitates lymphomagenesis by remodeling the epigenetic landscape of the cancer precursor cells. Eradication of KMT2D-deficient cells may thus represent a rational therapeutic approach for targeting early tumorigenic events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyuan Zhang
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - David Dominguez-Sola
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA.,Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA.,Department of Pathology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Shafinaz Hussein
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Ji-Eun Lee
- Laboratory of Endocrinology and Receptor Biology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Antony B Holmes
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Mukesh Bansal
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Sofija Vlasevska
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Tongwei Mo
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Hongyan Tang
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Katia Basso
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA.,Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Kai Ge
- Laboratory of Endocrinology and Receptor Biology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Riccardo Dalla-Favera
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA.,Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA.,Department of Genetics &Development, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA.,Department of Microbiology &Immunology, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA.,Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Laura Pasqualucci
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA.,Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA.,Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
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75
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He B, Wang Y, Shao N, Chang H, Cheng Y. Polymers modified with double-tailed fluorous compounds for efficient DNA and siRNA delivery. Acta Biomater 2015; 22:111-9. [PMID: 25937003 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2015.04.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2015] [Revised: 04/17/2015] [Accepted: 04/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cationic polymers are widely used as gene carriers, however, these polymers are usually associated with low transfection efficacy and non-negligible toxicity. Fluorination on polymers significantly improves their performances in gene delivery, but a high density of fluorous chains must be conjugated on a single polymer. Here we present a new strategy to construct fluorinated polymers with minimal fluorous chains for efficient DNA and siRNA delivery. A double-tailed fluorous compound 2-chloro-4,6-bis[(perfluorohexyl)propyloxy]-1,3,5-triazine (CBT) was conjugated on dendrimers of different generations and low molecular weight polyethylenimine via a facile synthesis. The yielding products with average numbers of 1-2 conjugated CBT moieties showed much improved EGFP and luciferase transfection efficacy compared to unmodified polymers. In addition, these polymers show high siRNA delivery efficacy on different cell lines. Among the synthesized polymers, generation 1 (G1) dendrimer modified with an average number of 1.9 CBT moieties (G1-CBT1.9) shows the highest efficacy when delivering both DNA and siRNA and its efficacy approaches that of Lipofectamine 2000. G1-CBT1.9 also shows efficient gene silencing in vivo. All of the CBT-modified polymers exhibit minimal toxicity on the cells at their optimal transfection conditions. This study provides a new strategy to design efficient fluorous polymers for DNA and siRNA delivery.
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Abstract
The discovery of RNA interference (RNAi) in mammalian cells has created a new class of therapeutics based on the reversible silencing of specific disease-causing genes. This therapeutic potential depends on the ability to deliver inducers of RNAi, such as short-interfering RNA (siRNA) and micro-RNA (miRNA), to cells of target tissues. This chapter reviews various challenges and delivery strategies for siRNA, with a particular focus on the development of lipid nanoparticle (LNP) delivery technologies. Currently, LNP delivery systems are the most advanced technology for systemic delivery of siRNA, with numerous formulations under various stages of clinical trials. We also discuss methods to improve gene silencing potency of LNP-siRNA, as well as application of LNP technologies beyond siRNA to the encapsulation of other nucleic acids such as mRNA and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR).
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex K K Leung
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Yuen Yi C Tam
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Pieter R Cullis
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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Prabha S, Vyas R, Gupta N, Ahmed B, Chandra R, Nimesh S. RNA interference technology with emphasis on delivery vehicles—prospects and limitations. ARTIFICIAL CELLS NANOMEDICINE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2015; 44:1391-9. [DOI: 10.3109/21691401.2015.1058808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shashi Prabha
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Jamia Hamdard University, New Delhi, India
| | - Ruchi Vyas
- Department of Biotechnology, The IIS University, Jaipur, India
| | - Nidhi Gupta
- Department of Biotechnology, The IIS University, Jaipur, India
| | - Bahar Ahmed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Jamia Hamdard University, New Delhi, India
| | - Ramesh Chandra
- Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Surendra Nimesh
- Department of Biotechnology, Central University of Rajasthan, School of Life Sciences, Ajmer, India
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He Z, Miao L, Jordan R, S-Manickam D, Luxenhofer R, Kabanov AV. A Low Protein Binding Cationic Poly(2-oxazoline) as Non-Viral Vector. Macromol Biosci 2015; 15:1004-20. [PMID: 25846127 PMCID: PMC4893346 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201500021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2015] [Revised: 03/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Developing safe and efficient non-viral gene delivery systems remains a major challenge. We present a new cationic poly(2-oxazoline) (CPOx) block copolymer for gene therapy that was synthesized by sequential polymerization of non-ionic 2-methyl-2-oxazoline and a new 2-oxazoline monomer, 2-(N-methyl, N-Boc-amino)-methyl-2-oxazoline, followed by deprotection of the pendant secondary amine groups. Upon mixing with plasmid DNA (pDNA), CPOx forms small (diameter ≈80 nm) and narrowly dispersed polyplexes (PDI <0.2), which are stable upon dilution in saline and against thermal challenge. These polyplexes exhibited low plasma protein binding and very low cytotoxicity in vitro compared to the polyplexes of pDNA and poly(ethylene glycol)-b-poly(L-lysine) (PEG-b-PLL). CPOx/pDNA polyplexes at N/P = 5 bound considerably less plasma protein compared to polyplexes of PEG-b-PLL at the same N/P ratio. This is a unique aspect of the developed polyplexes emphasizing their potential for systemic delivery in vivo. The transfection efficiency of the polyplexes in B16 murine melanoma cells was low after 4 h, but increased significantly for 10 h exposure time, indicative of slow internalization of polyplexes. Addition of Pluronic P85 boosted the transfection using CPOx/pDNA polyplexes considerably. The low protein binding of CPOx/pDNA polyplexes is particularly interesting for the future development of targeted gene delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijian He
- Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery, Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Lei Miao
- Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery, Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Rainer Jordan
- Department Chemie, Technische Universität Dresden, Mommsenstr. 4, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Devika S-Manickam
- Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery, Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Robert Luxenhofer
- Functional Polymer Materials, Chair for Chemical Technology of Materials Synthesis, Universität Würzburg, 97070 Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Alexander V Kabanov
- Laboratory for Chemical Design of Bionanomaterials, Faculty of Chemistry, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119899, Russia.
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79
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80
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Cortez MA, Godbey WT, Fang Y, Payne ME, Cafferty BJ, Kosakowska KA, Grayson SM. The Synthesis of Cyclic Poly(ethylene imine) and Exact Linear Analogues: An Evaluation of Gene Delivery Comparing Polymer Architectures. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:6541-9. [PMID: 25927655 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b00980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The delivery of genetic material to cells offers the potential to treat many genetic diseases. Cationic polymers, specifically poly(ethylene imine) (PEI), are promising gene delivery vectors due to their inherent ability to condense genetic material and successfully affect its transfection. However, PEI and many other cationic polymers also exhibit high cytotoxicity. To systematically study the effect of polymer architecture on gene delivery efficiency and cell cytotoxicity, a set of cyclic PEIs were prepared for the first time and compared to a set of linear PEIs of the exact same molecular weight. Subsequent in vitro transfection studies determined a higher transfection efficiency for each cyclic PEI sample when compared to its linear PEI analogue in addition to reduced toxicity relative to the branched PEI "gold standard" control. These results highlight the critical role that the architecture of PEI can play in both optimizing transfection and reducing cell toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mallory A Cortez
- †Department of Physical Sciences, Nicholls State University, Thibodaux, Louisiana 70310, United States
| | - W T Godbey
- ‡Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, United States
| | - Yunlan Fang
- ‡Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, United States
| | - Molly E Payne
- §Department of Chemistry, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, United States
| | - Brian J Cafferty
- §Department of Chemistry, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, United States
| | - Karolina A Kosakowska
- §Department of Chemistry, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, United States
| | - Scott M Grayson
- §Department of Chemistry, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, United States
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81
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Abstract
Viruses are promising vehicles that result in high gene expression level, but issues of safety and virulent nature prevented its extensive use. Therefore, nonviral approach was investigated with the intervention of nanomedicine. The science of nanomedicine offered an excellent platform for therapeutic delivery as they provide options to include functionalities and engineer the system. As the term 'nano' refers to the generation of a very small dimension structure, their unique physicochemical characteristics with increased surface area/volume ratio made them potential vectors to perform gene therapy. Various forms of nanoparticles are continued to be synthesised, and this review discusses the immediate barriers that nanoparticles have to encounter both during systemic movement in the body and intracellular trafficking to deliver the genes at the site of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Muthe Alex
- Facility for Nano/Microparticles Based Biomaterials for Advanced Drug Delivery Systems (FADDS) Division of Biosurface Technology, Biomedical Technology Wing, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences & Technology, Poojappura, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695012, India
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82
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Yang J, Zhang Q, Chang H, Cheng Y. Surface-Engineered Dendrimers in Gene Delivery. Chem Rev 2015; 115:5274-300. [DOI: 10.1021/cr500542t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 307] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiepin Yang
- Shanghai
Key Laboratory of
Regulatory Biology, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, P. R. China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Shanghai
Key Laboratory of
Regulatory Biology, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, P. R. China
| | - Hong Chang
- Shanghai
Key Laboratory of
Regulatory Biology, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, P. R. China
| | - Yiyun Cheng
- Shanghai
Key Laboratory of
Regulatory Biology, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, P. R. China
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83
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Kim YD, Park TE, Singh B, Maharjan S, Choi YJ, Choung PH, Arote RB, Cho CS. Nanoparticle-mediated delivery of siRNA for effective lung cancer therapy. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2015; 10:1165-88. [DOI: 10.2217/nnm.14.214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is one of the most lethal diseases worldwide, and the survival rate is less than 15% even after the treatment. Unfortunately, chemotherapeutic treatments for lung cancer are accompanied by severe side effects, lack of selectivity and multidrug resistance. In order to overcome the limitations of conventional chemotherapy, nanoparticle-mediated RNA interference drugs represent a potential new approach due to selective silencing effect of oncogenes and multidrug resistance related genes. In this review, we provide recent advancements on nanoparticle-mediated siRNA delivery strategies including lipid system, polymeric system and rigid nanoparticles for lung cancer therapies. Importantly, codelivery of siRNA with conventional anticancer drugs and recent theranostic agents that offer great potential for lung cancer therapy is covered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Dong Kim
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 110-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Eun Park
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology & Research Institute for Agriculture & Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921, Republic of Korea
| | - Bijay Singh
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology & Research Institute for Agriculture & Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921, Republic of Korea
| | - Sushila Maharjan
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology & Research Institute for Agriculture & Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Jaie Choi
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology & Research Institute for Agriculture & Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921, Republic of Korea
| | - Pill-Hoon Choung
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery & Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 110-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Rohidas B. Arote
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 110-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Chong-Su Cho
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology & Research Institute for Agriculture & Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921, Republic of Korea
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84
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Kodama Y, Yatsugi Y, Kitahara T, Kurosaki T, Egashira K, Nakashima M, Muro T, Nakagawa H, Higuchi N, Nakamura T, Sasaki H. Quaternary Complexes Modified from pDNA and Poly-l-Lysine Complexes to Enhance pH-Buffering Effect and Suppress Cytotoxicity. J Pharm Sci 2015; 104:1470-7. [DOI: 10.1002/jps.24364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2014] [Revised: 12/10/2014] [Accepted: 01/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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85
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Ballarín-González B, Thomsen TB, Howard KA. Clinical translation of RNAi-based treatments for respiratory diseases. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2015; 3:84-99. [PMID: 25787868 PMCID: PMC7097609 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-012-0098-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The ability to harness the RNA interference (RNAi) mechanism as a potential potent therapeutic has attracted great interest from academia and industry. Numerous preclinical and recent clinical trials have demonstrated the effectiveness of RNAi triggers such as synthetic small interfering RNA (siRNA). Chemical modification and delivery technologies can be utilized to avoid immune stimulation and improve the bioactivity and pharmacokinetics. Local application to the respiratory epithelia allows direct access to the site of respiratory pathogens that include influenza and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). This review outlines the essential steps required for the clinical translation of RNAi-based respiratory therapies including disease and RNA target selection, siRNA design, respiratory barriers, and delivery solutions. Attention is given to antiviral therapies and preclinical evaluation with focus on the current status of anti-RSV clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Borja Ballarín-González
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, University of Aarhus, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Troels Bo Thomsen
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, University of Aarhus, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Kenneth Alan Howard
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, University of Aarhus, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
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86
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Yu M, Chen Z, Guo W, Wang J, Feng Y, Kong X, Hong Z. Specifically targeted delivery of protein to phagocytic macrophages. Int J Nanomedicine 2015; 10:1743-57. [PMID: 25784802 PMCID: PMC4356666 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s75950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophages play important roles in the pathogenesis of various diseases, and are important potential therapeutic targets. Furthermore, macrophages are key antigen-presenting cells and important in vaccine design. In this study, we report on the novel formulation (bovine serum albumin [BSA]-loaded glucan particles [GMP-BSA]) based on β-glucan particles from cell walls of baker’s yeast for the targeted delivery of protein to macrophages. Using this formulation, chitosan, tripolyphosphate, and alginate were used to fabricate colloidal particles with the model protein BSA via electrostatic interactions, which were caged and incorporated BSA very tightly within the β-glucan particle shells. The prepared GMP-BSA exhibited good protein-release behavior and avoided protein leakage. The particles were also highly specific to phagocytic macrophages, such as Raw 264.7 cells, primary bone marrow-derived macrophages, and peritoneal exudate macrophages, whereas the particles were not taken up by nonphagocytic cells, including NIH3T3, AD293, HeLa, and Caco-2. We hypothesize that these tightly encapsulated protein-loaded glucan particles deliver various types of proteins to macrophages with notably high selectivity, and may have broad applications in targeted drug delivery or vaccine design against macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Zeming Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenjun Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Yupeng Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiuqi Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhangyong Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
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87
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Hoque J, Akkapeddi P, Yadav V, Manjunath GB, Uppu DSSM, Konai MM, Yarlagadda V, Sanyal K, Haldar J. Broad spectrum antibacterial and antifungal polymeric paint materials: synthesis, structure-activity relationship, and membrane-active mode of action. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:1804-15. [PMID: 25541751 DOI: 10.1021/am507482y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Microbial attachment and subsequent colonization onto surfaces lead to the spread of deadly community-acquired and hospital-acquired (nosocomial) infections. Noncovalent immobilization of water insoluble and organo-soluble cationic polymers onto a surface is a facile approach to prevent microbial contamination. In the present study, we described the synthesis of water insoluble and organo-soluble polymeric materials and demonstrated their structure-activity relationship against various human pathogenic bacteria including drug-resistant strains such as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE), and beta lactam-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae as well as pathogenic fungi such as Candida spp. and Cryptococcus spp. The polymer coated surfaces completely inactivated both bacteria and fungi upon contact (5 log reduction with respect to control). Linear polymers were more active and found to have a higher killing rate than the branched polymers. The polymer coated surfaces also exhibited significant activity in various complex mammalian fluids such as serum, plasma, and blood and showed negligible hemolysis at an amount much higher than minimum inhibitory amounts (MIAs). These polymers were found to have excellent compatibility with other medically relevant polymers (polylactic acid, PLA) and commercial paint. The cationic hydrophobic polymer coatings disrupted the lipid membrane of both bacteria and fungi and thus showed a membrane-active mode of action. Further, bacteria did not develop resistance against these membrane-active polymers in sharp contrast to conventional antibiotics and lipopeptides, thus the polymers hold great promise to be used as coating materials for developing permanent antimicrobial paint.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaul Hoque
- Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory, New Chemistry Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research , Jakkur, Bangalore 560064, India
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88
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Grabowska AM, Kircheis R, Kumari R, Clarke P, McKenzie A, Hughes J, Mayne C, Desai A, Sasso L, Watson SA, Alexander C. Systemic in vivo delivery of siRNA to tumours using combination of polyethyleneimine and transferrin–polyethyleneimine conjugates. Biomater Sci 2015; 3:1439-48. [DOI: 10.1039/c5bm00101c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Materials for delivery of oligonucleotides need to be simple to produce and formulate yet effectivein vivoto be considered for clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna M. Grabowska
- Cancer Biology
- Division of Cancer and Stem Cells
- University of Nottingham
- UK
| | | | | | - Philip Clarke
- Cancer Biology
- Division of Cancer and Stem Cells
- University of Nottingham
- UK
| | | | - Jaime Hughes
- Cancer Biology
- Division of Cancer and Stem Cells
- University of Nottingham
- UK
| | - Cerys Mayne
- Cancer Biology
- Division of Cancer and Stem Cells
- University of Nottingham
- UK
| | - Arpan Desai
- School of Pharmacy
- University of Nottingham
- UK
| | - Luana Sasso
- School of Pharmacy
- University of Nottingham
- UK
| | - Susan A. Watson
- Cancer Biology
- Division of Cancer and Stem Cells
- University of Nottingham
- UK
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89
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Khanna M, Saxena L, Rajput R, Kumar B, Prasad R. Gene silencing: a therapeutic approach to combat influenza virus infections. Future Microbiol 2015; 10:131-40. [DOI: 10.2217/fmb.14.94] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Selective gene silencing technologies such as RNA interference (RNAi) and nucleic acid enzymes have shown therapeutic potential for treating viral infections. Influenza virus is one of the major public health concerns around the world and its management is challenging due to a rapid increase in antiviral resistance. Influenza vaccine also has its limitations due to the emergence of new strains that may escape the immunity developed by the previous year's vaccine. Antiviral drugs are the primary mode of prevention and control against a pandemic and there is an urgency to develop novel antiviral strategies against influenza virus. In this review, we discuss the potential utility of several gene silencing mechanisms and their prophylactic and therapeutic potential against the influenza virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhu Khanna
- Department of Respiratory Virology, Vallabhbhai Patel Chest Institute, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Latika Saxena
- Department of Respiratory Virology, Vallabhbhai Patel Chest Institute, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Roopali Rajput
- Department of Respiratory Virology, Vallabhbhai Patel Chest Institute, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Binod Kumar
- Department of Respiratory Virology, Vallabhbhai Patel Chest Institute, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Rajendra Prasad
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Vallabhbhai Patel Chest Institute, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
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90
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91
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Li J, Ouyang Y, Kong X, Zhu J, Lu D, Liu Z. A multi-scale molecular dynamics simulation of PMAL facilitated delivery of siRNA. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra10965e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
PMAL as a novel carrier for the delivery of siRNA into lipid bilayer membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jipeng Li
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing 100084
- China
| | - Yiyun Ouyang
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing 100084
- China
| | - Xian Kong
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing 100084
- China
| | - Jingying Zhu
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing 100084
- China
| | - Diannan Lu
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing 100084
- China
| | - Zheng Liu
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing 100084
- China
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92
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Liu H, Elkin I, Chen J, Klibanov AM. Why do Some Immobilized N-Alkylated Polyethylenimines Far Surpass Others in Inactivating Influenza Viruses? Biomacromolecules 2014; 16:351-6. [DOI: 10.1021/bm5015427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Harris Liu
- Departments of †Chemistry, ‡Biology, and ∥Biological Engineering and §Koch Institute
for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Igor Elkin
- Departments of †Chemistry, ‡Biology, and ∥Biological Engineering and §Koch Institute
for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Jianzhu Chen
- Departments of †Chemistry, ‡Biology, and ∥Biological Engineering and §Koch Institute
for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Alexander M. Klibanov
- Departments of †Chemistry, ‡Biology, and ∥Biological Engineering and §Koch Institute
for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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93
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Hosseinkhani H, Abedini F, Ou KL, Domb AJ. Polymers in gene therapy technology. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.3432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Hosseinkhani
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Engineering; National Taiwan University of Science and Technology (Taiwan Tech); Taipei 10607 Taiwan
- Center of Excellence in Nanomedicine; National Taiwan University of Science and Technology (Taiwan Tech); Taipei 10607 Taiwan
- Research Center for Biomedical Devices and Prototyping Production, Research Center for Biomedical Implants and Microsurgery Devices, Graduate Institute of Biomedical Materials and Tissue Engineering, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Department of Dentistry; Taipei Medical University-Shuang Ho Hospital; Taipei 235 Taiwan
| | - Fatemeh Abedini
- Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute; Karaj Alborz IRAN
| | - Keng-Liang Ou
- Research Center for Biomedical Devices and Prototyping Production, Research Center for Biomedical Implants and Microsurgery Devices, Graduate Institute of Biomedical Materials and Tissue Engineering, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Department of Dentistry; Taipei Medical University-Shuang Ho Hospital; Taipei 235 Taiwan
| | - Abraham J. Domb
- Institute of Drug Research, The Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy-Faculty of Medicine; The Hebrew University of Jerusalem; Jerusalem 91120 Israel
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94
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Park EY, Jang M, Kim JH, Ahn HJ. Genetically modified Tomato aspermy virus 2b protein as a tumor-targeting siRNA delivery carrier. Acta Biomater 2014; 10:4778-4786. [PMID: 25050774 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2014.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2014] [Revised: 07/11/2014] [Accepted: 07/14/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
In nature, there exist a wide range of dsRNA-binding proteins that have different binding modes for small interfering RNA (siRNA) as well as structural differences, and some of these proteins have potential as effective siRNA delivery carriers. In order to deliver siRNA into cancer cells, a dsRNA-binding 2b protein derived from Tomato aspermy virus was genetically modified by fusing the integrin-targeting RGD peptide to its C-terminus, and biosynthesized. The resulting 2b-RGD protein possesses distinct characteristics favorable for biomedical applications of siRNA: (i) high affinity for siRNA, (ii) siRNA protection against RNases in serum, (iii) low cytotoxicity compared to the polycationic polymers often employed in conventional siRNA carriers, (iv) specific binding to integrins on cancer cells, and the ability to pass through the cell membrane via endocytosis, and (v) the ability to facilitate cytosolic release of siRNA. Here, we demonstrate that the 2b-RGD/siRNA complexes have great potential as a tumor-targeting siRNA delivery carrier and suggest their possible therapeutic applications for cancer treatment.
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95
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Gucwa AL, Brown DA. UIM domain-dependent recruitment of the endocytic adaptor protein Eps15 to ubiquitin-enriched endosomes. BMC Cell Biol 2014; 15:34. [PMID: 25260758 PMCID: PMC4181756 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2121-15-34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2014] [Accepted: 09/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Eps15 is an endocytic adaptor protein that stimulates clathrin-mediated endocytosis. Among other interactions, Eps15 binds ubiquitin via UIM domains, recruiting ubiquitinated cargo into clathrin-coated vesicles. In EGF-treated cells, Eps15 also localizes to endosomes. The basis of this localization is not known. RESULTS We show that accumulation of ubiquitinated cargo can recruit Eps15 to endosomes via UIM domain interactions. First, treatment of SK-Br-3 breast cancer cells, which overexpress the EGFR family member ErbB2, with geldanamycin to promote receptor ubiquitination and endosomal transport, recruited FLAG-Eps15 to endosomes. Two in-frame ubiquitin constructs, PM-GFP-Ub (retained in endosomes after endocytosis), and GFP-FYVE-UbΔGG (targeted directly to endosomes) also recruited Eps15 to endosomes, as did slowing endosome maturation with constitutively-active Rab5-Q79L. Endosomal recruitment required the UIM domains, but not the N-terminal EH domains or central coiled-coil domains, of Eps15. Silencing of the endosomal Eps15 binding partner Hrs did not affect recruitment of Eps15 to ubiquitin-enriched endosomes. In fact, Hrs silencing itself modestly recruited Eps15 to endosomes, probably by accumulating endogenous ubiquitinated cargo. Eps15 silencing did not affect lysosomal degradation of ubiquitinated ErbB2; however, GFP-FYVE-UbΔGG overexpression inhibited internalization of EGFR and transferrin receptor. CONCLUSIONS We show for the first time that ubiquitin is sufficient for Eps15 recruitment to endosomes. We speculate that Eps15 recruitment to ubiquitin-rich endosomes may reduce the level of Eps15 at the plasma membrane, slowing endocytosis to allow time for processing of ubiquitinated cargo in endosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azad L Gucwa
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Long Island University at Post, Brookville, NY 11548-1300, USA.
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96
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Liu S, Huang W, Jin MJ, Wang QM, Zhang GL, Wang XM, Shao S, Gao ZG. High gene delivery efficiency of alkylated low-molecular-weight polyethylenimine through gemini surfactant-like effect. Int J Nanomedicine 2014; 9:3567-81. [PMID: 25114526 PMCID: PMC4122513 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s64554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
To our knowledge, the mechanism underlying the high transfection efficiency of alkylated low-molecular-weight polyethylenimine (PEI) is not yet well understood. In this work, we grafted branched PEI (molecular weight of 1,800 Da; bPEI1800) with lauryl chains (C12), and found that bPEI1800-C12 was structurally similar to gemini surfactant and could similarly assemble into micelle-like particles. Stability, cellular uptake, and lysosome escape ability of bPEI1800-C12/DNA polyplexes were all greatly enhanced after C12 grafting. bPEI1800-C12/DNA polyplexes exhibited significantly higher transfection efficiency than Lipofectamine™ 2000 in the presence of serum. Bioluminescence imaging showed that systemic injection of bPEI1800-C12/DNA polyplexes resulted in intensive luciferase expression in vivo and bioluminescence signals that could be detected even in the head. Altogether, the high transfection efficacy of bPEI1800-C12 was because bPEI1800-C12, being an analog of gemini surfactant, facilitated lysosome escape and induced the coil–globule transition of DNA to assemble into a highly organized micelle-like structure that showed high stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China ; Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China ; Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming-Ji Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China ; Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi-Ming Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China ; Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Gan-Lin Zhang
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Min Wang
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuai Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China ; Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhong-Gao Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China ; Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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97
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Birukova AA, Singleton PA, Gawlak G, Tian X, Mirzapoiazova T, Mambetsariev B, Dubrovskyi O, Oskolkova OV, Bochkov VN, Birukov KG. GRP78 is a novel receptor initiating a vascular barrier protective response to oxidized phospholipids. Mol Biol Cell 2014; 25:2006-16. [PMID: 24829380 PMCID: PMC4072574 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e13-12-0743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular integrity and the maintenance of blood vessel continuity are fundamental features of the circulatory system maintained through endothelial cell-cell junctions. Defects in the endothelial barrier become an initiating factor in several pathologies, including ischemia/reperfusion, tumor angiogenesis, pulmonary edema, sepsis, and acute lung injury. Better understanding of mechanisms stimulating endothelial barrier enhancement may provide novel therapeutic strategies. We previously reported that oxidized phospholipids (oxidized 1-palmitoyl-2-arachidonoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine [OxPAPC]) promote endothelial cell (EC) barrier enhancement both in vitro and in vivo. This study examines the initiating mechanistic events triggered by OxPAPC to increase vascular integrity. Our data demonstrate that OxPAPC directly binds the cell membrane-localized chaperone protein, GRP78, associated with its cofactor, HTJ-1. OxPAPC binding to plasma membrane-localized GRP78 leads to GRP78 trafficking to caveolin-enriched microdomains (CEMs) on the cell surface and consequent activation of sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor 1, Src and Fyn tyrosine kinases, and Rac1 GTPase, processes essential for cytoskeletal reorganization and EC barrier enhancement. Using animal models of acute lung injury with vascular hyperpermeability, we observed that HTJ-1 knockdown blocked OxPAPC protection from interleukin-6 and ventilator-induced lung injury. Our data indicate for the first time an essential role of GRP78 and HTJ-1 in OxPAPC-mediated CEM dynamics and enhancement of vascular integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna A Birukova
- Lung Injury Center, Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637
| | - Patrick A Singleton
- Lung Injury Center, Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637
| | - Grzegorz Gawlak
- Lung Injury Center, Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637
| | - Xinyong Tian
- Lung Injury Center, Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637
| | - Tamara Mirzapoiazova
- Lung Injury Center, Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637
| | - Bolot Mambetsariev
- Lung Injury Center, Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637
| | - Oleksii Dubrovskyi
- Lung Injury Center, Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637
| | - Olga V Oskolkova
- Lung Injury Center, Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637Department of Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Valery N Bochkov
- Department of Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Konstantin G Birukov
- Department of Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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98
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Heo MB, Cho MY, Lim YT. Polymer nanoparticles for enhanced immune response: combined delivery of tumor antigen and small interference RNA for immunosuppressive gene to dendritic cells. Acta Biomater 2014; 10:2169-76. [PMID: 24394635 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2013.12.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2013] [Revised: 12/03/2013] [Accepted: 12/26/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we report on polymer nanoparticles (NPs) that can induce an enhanced immune response in dendritic cell (DC)-based cancer immunotherapy by the combined delivery of tumor antigen and small interference RNA (siRNA) for the immunosuppressive gene to DCs. DCs are specialized antigen-presenting cells (APCs) that capture, process and present antigens and induce an antigen-specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte response. Because the suppressor of cytokine signaling 1 (SOCS1) is a negative regulator of the APC-based immune response, the inhibition of SOCS1 gene expression is essential for DCs to enhance antigen-specific anti-tumor immunity. Multifunctional poly(lactide-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) NPs that can deliver tumor antigen and siRNA for immunosuppressive SOCS1 genes to DCs simultaneously were fabricated by the emulsion solvent evaporation method. We have found that the encapsulation efficiency of small-sized and hydrophilic SOCS1 siRNA into hydrophobic PLGA matrix is drastically enhanced by the help of a tumor model antigen such as ovalbumin (OVA), and the encapsulation efficiency of siRNA in PLGA (SOCS1 siRNA only) NPs and PLGA (OVA/SOCS1 siRNA) NPs was ∼2% and 57.6%, respectively. PLGA (OVA/SOCS1 siRNA) NPs were efficiently taken up by bone-marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDCs) and showed no detectable toxic effect. The knockdown of SOCS1 in BMDCs by PLGA (OVA/SOCS1 siRNA) NPs enhanced pro-inflammatory cytokine (tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-12 and IL-2) expression. Additionally, PLGA (OVA/SOCS1 siRNA) NP-treated BMDCs could elicit an immune response through cross-presentation in OVA-specific CD8 T cells that express IL-2 cytokine. Taken together, the combined delivery of NPs that can deliver both tumor antigen and immunosuppressive gene siRNA to BMDCs simultaneously could be a potent strategy to enhance immunotherapeutic effects in BMDC-based cancer therapy.
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99
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de la Rosa VR. Poly(2-oxazoline)s as materials for biomedical applications. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2014; 25:1211-1225. [PMID: 23975334 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-013-5034-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2012] [Accepted: 08/14/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The conjunction of polymers and medicine enables the development of new materials that display novel features, opening new ways to administrate drugs, design implants and biosensors, to deliver pharmaceuticals impacting cancer treatment, regenerative medicine or gene therapy. Poly(2-oxazoline)s (POx) constitute a polymer class with exceptional properties for their use in a plethora of different biomedical applications and are proposed as a versatile platform for the development of new medicine. Herein, a global vision of POx as a platform for novel biomaterials is offered, by highlighting the recent advances and breakthroughs in this fascinating field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor R de la Rosa
- Supramolecular Chemistry Group, Department of Organic Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281-S4, 9000, Ghent, Belgium,
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100
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Kami D, Kitani T, Kishida T, Mazda O, Toyoda M, Tomitaka A, Ota S, Ishii R, Takemura Y, Watanabe M, Umezawa A, Gojo S. Pleiotropic functions of magnetic nanoparticles for ex vivo gene transfer. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2014; 10:1165-74. [PMID: 24709330 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2014.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2013] [Revised: 03/08/2014] [Accepted: 03/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Gene transfer technique has various applications, ranging from cellular biology to medical treatments for diseases. Although nonviral vectors, such as episomal vectors, have been developed, it is necessary to improve their gene transfer efficacy. Therefore, we attempted to develop a highly efficient gene delivery system combining an episomal vector with magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs). In comparison with the conventional method using transfection reagents, polyethylenimine-coated MNPs introduced episomal vectors more efficiently under a magnetic field and could express the gene in mammalian cells with higher efficiency and for longer periods. This novel in vitro separation method of gene-introduced cells utilizing the magnetic property of MNPs significantly facilitated the separation of cells of interest. Transplanted cells in vivo were detected using magnetic resonance. These results suggest that MNPs play multifunctional roles in ex vivo gene transfer, such as improvement of gene transfer efficacy, separation of cells, and detection of transplanted cells. FROM THE CLINICAL EDITOR This study convincingly demonstrates enhanced efficiency of gene transfer via magnetic nanoparticles. The method also enables magnetic sorting of cells positive for the transferred gene, and in vivo monitoring of the process with MRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Kami
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tomoya Kitani
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tsunao Kishida
- Department of Immunology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Osam Mazda
- Department of Immunology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masashi Toyoda
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Asahi Tomitaka
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Satoshi Ota
- Faculty of Engineering, Yokohama National University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Ryuga Ishii
- Department of Reproductive Biology and Pathology, National Institute of Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasushi Takemura
- Faculty of Engineering, Yokohama National University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | | | - Akihiro Umezawa
- Department of Reproductive Biology and Pathology, National Institute of Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Gojo
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.
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